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The Speech That Brought India to the Brink of Independence

Although the 1942 ‘Quit India’ movement was hardly peaceful, Gandhi’s ‘Do or Die’ address inspired a nation to unify against its British colonizers

Lorraine Boissoneault

For more than 200 years, Britain had asserted its iron will over India. From the East India Company levying taxes starting in the 18th century to Britain instituting direct rule over two-thirds of the country in the mid-19th century, India had been extorted for centuries—and with the start of World War II, India was declared to be at war with Germany without any Indian political leaders actually being consulted. The nation would go on to provide 2.3 million soldiers for an army as well as food and other goods to help the Allies defeat the Axis Powers. Much as the Indian National Congress (the largely Hindu public assembly that had some governmental functions) sympathized with defeating fascism, they balked at seeing their country further pillaged for resources.

So in 1939, members of the Congress informed Viceroy Lord Linlithgow—the highest-ranking British official in India—they would only support the war effort if Indian independence lay at the end of it. To which Linlithgow issued his own threat: if the Congress didn’t support Britain, Britain would simply turn to, and empower, the Muslim League (a political group that fought to protect the rights of Muslim Indians and later called for a separate nation for Muslims). As Winston Churchill later confessed , “the Hindu-Moslem feud [was] a bulwark of British rule in India.” The Congress could do nothing but acquiesce.

But they hadn’t abandoned the fight, especially one of their most notable members: Mohandas “Mahatma” Karamchand Gandhi. The spiritual and political leader first experienced racism decades earlier, as a London-educated lawyer working in colonial South Africa. There, he was thrown off a train for trying to sit in the first class car; the 1893 incident led him to his civil rights work, for which he was repeatedly imprisoned. “I discovered that as a man and as an Indian I had no rights,” Gandhi later said of that period in South Africa. “More correctly, I discovered that I had no rights as a man because I was an Indian.”

Agitating for change through nonviolence would become Gandhi’s lifelong pursuit. On the eve of World War II, he wrote Hitler twice in hopes of persuading the dictator to avoid total war (it’s impossible to know if Hitler read the letters, as no response was ever sent). And when India was forced to assist the United Kingdom in the fight, Gandhi began a small individual civil disobedience campaign, recruiting political and community leaders for the cause. Although his 1940 effort was disrupted by arrests of the participants, popular opinion in England was largely on Gandhi’s side—U.K. citizens favored Indian independence .

By 1942, Prime Minister Churchill felt enough pressure to send Sir Stafford Cripps, a member of the War Cabinet, to discuss a change to India’s political status. But upon learning that Cripps wasn’t actually offering full independence and that current Indian politicians would still have no say in military strategy , the Congress and the Muslim League rejected his proposal—leaving Gandhi open to harness the wave of anti-British sentiment for a new round of protests.

The movement, Gandhi decided, would be called “Quit India” to reflect his main demand: that the United Kingdom leave India voluntarily. In a speech at a meeting of the Congress in Bombay at the beginning of August 1942, Gandhi instructed his fellow leaders that this was the moment to seize power:

“Here is a mantra, a short one, that I give to you. You may imprint it on your hearts and let every breath of yours give expression to it. The mantra is ‘Do or Die.’ We shall either free India or die in the attempt; we shall not live to see the perpetuation of our slavery. Every true Congressman or woman will join the struggle with inflexible determination not to remain alive to see the country in bondage and slavery.”

The Congress agreed that Gandhi should lead a nonviolent mass movement and passed their decision as the “Quit India Resolution” on August 8. Gandhi was prepared to give a public address on the subject the very next day, when word came that British authorities were planning on arresting him and other members of the Congress.

“They dare not arrest me. I cannot think they will be so foolish. But if they do, it will mean that their days are numbered,” Gandhi said.

But late that night, Gandhi and many other members of the Congress were indeed arrested and imprisoned under the Defense of India Rules . The press was forbidden from publishing any part of Gandhi’s speech, supporting the Congress’s call to action, or reporting on measures the British government enacted to suppress the nascent movement.  

“The resolution said, ‘On the declaration of India’s independence a provisional government will be formed and free India will become an ally of the United Nations.’ This meant unilaterally declaring India’s independence,” writes Pramod Kapoor, author of the forthcoming book Gandhi: An Illustrated Biography , by email. The thought of an unauthorized shift to independence is what so terrified the British. “The intelligence reports the government was getting were equally alarming. The British had at one point even mulled over the possibility of deporting Gandhi to Aden.”

On August 10, India’s Secretary of State Leo Amery, working with the War Cabinet and other British leaders, announced the reason for the arrests of Gandhi and the Congress to the press. Amery said the Indian leaders planned to incite “strikes, not only in industry and commerce, but in the administration and law courts, schools and colleges, the interruption of traffic and public utility services, the cutting of telegraph and telephone wires, the picketing of troops and recruiting stations… The success of the proposed campaign would paralyze not only the ordinary civil administration of India, but her whole war effort.” In short, the movement would have led to dire calamity if the British government had not detained its leaders.

But Amery’s speech, meant to paint the British government in a positive light and vilify the Congress, completely backfired. As historian Paul Greenough writes , “The chief irony of 1942 in India was that the awesome power of the press to inspire united action was unleashed by the British government; the radicalizing text was the composition of Leopold Amery, not Mahatma Gandhi… [the] self-consciously rebellious underground press was never able to duplicate the impact or achieve the degree of mass coordination which Amery’s speech had provoked.” In essence, Amery had provided the blueprints for how to rebel. Civilians attacked railway stations and post offices, fought against police officers and held riots. The police and the British Army in India led a violent crackdown on the rioters, arresting over 100,000 people. Viceroy Lord Linlithgow compared the uprising to the failed Sepoy Rebellion of 1857 , when nearly one million Indians and thousands of Europeans were killed. The total civilian deaths after the Quit India protests, however, were closer to 1,000.

Still, the underground press did have success in one thing: getting Gandhi’s mantra out to the masses . “Do or die” became the unifying rallying cry for a civil disobedience campaign that spread across the subcontinent and lasted from August 1942 to September 1944. Protests erupted from Bombay to Delhi to Bengal; a steel plant closed for 13 days ; a strike at a textile factory lasted 3.5 months. Even though Muslim participation in “Quit India” wasn’t as high as other groups, supporters of the Muslim League still offered shelter to activists. And, crucially, Indians employed by the British government as police officers and administrative officials turned on their employer.

“They gave shelter, provided information and helped monetarily. In fact, the erosion of loyalty to the British Government of its own officers was one of the most striking aspects of the Quit India struggle,” writes Bipan Chandra in India’s Struggle for Independence .

Although Gandhi deeply regretted that the movement had turned so violent after his arrest, he and his wife, Kasturba, were both incarcerated in Agha Khan Palace and could do nothing but struggle to survive, writes Kapoor. In February 1943, Gandhi staged a 21-day hunger strike that nearly killed him, but remained imprisoned. His wife developed bronchitis and suffered several heart attacks behind bars; she would ultimately die there just a month before Gandhi was released in May 1944. The day of Gandhi’s release marked his last ever in an Indian prison, where had spent a combined total of 2,089 days over the course of his life—nearly six years (and not factoring in the 249 days he was in South African prisons).

While the “Quit India” movement ended in late 1944, the momentum it provided in securing the country’s independence proved unstoppable. Three years later, India was independent. And through a successful lobbying effort by the Muslim League, the independent Islamic state of Pakistan was also established along the new sovereign nation’s northwestern border. Although some scholars have argued the rebellion was only a small part of Britain’s decision to relinquish the “Crown Jewel” of the colonies—citing the need to rebuild after World War II as a more pressing concern—others, including Kapoor, see the movement as a major turning point.

“It was an opportune time in the life of a long freedom struggle,” Kapoor says. “With or without the war, the time was ripe for some sort of intensive movement.” And that movement happened to be “Quit India.”

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Lorraine Boissoneault | | READ MORE

Lorraine Boissoneault is a contributing writer to SmithsonianMag.com covering history and archaeology. She has previously written for The Atlantic, Salon, Nautilus and others. She is also the author of The Last Voyageurs: Retracing La Salle's Journey Across America. Website: http://www.lboissoneault.com/

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• Famous Speeches of Mahatma Gandhi

Mahatma Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869, his full name was Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi who was an Indian lawyer,anti-nationalist, and political ethicist. Mahatma Gandhi was responsible for employing nonviolent resistance and led a successful campaign for India’s Independence from the British government rule which to date is considered to be the most inspiring movement for civil rights and freedom all across the world.

Mahatma Gandhi was born and raised in a Hindu family in Gujarat, India. His father’s name was Karamchand Gandhi and his mother’s name was Putili bai. From an early age, his mother made sure to teach him the importance of honesty and nonviolence. Mahatma Gandhi trained in law at the inner temple, London, and was called to practice at the age of 22 but due to some circumstances, he was unable to practice law in India which led to him moving to South Africa in n1893, to represent an Indian merchant in a lawsuit. Mahatma Gandhi went on and lived twenty-one years in South Africa where he raised a family. During his stay in South Africa, he had to face a lot of discrimination due to the fact that he was an Indian. There was an incident where he was thrown out of a train only because he refused to give up his seat for a white man. 

In the year 1915, at the age of 45, Mahatma Gandhi returned to India and organized nonviolent farmers and urban labourers to protest against the excessive land tax and the discrimination they were facing against British rule. After being appointed to be the leader of the national congress in the year 1921, Mahatma Gandhi led nationwide campaigns for expanding women’s rights, building religious and ethnic amity, and erasing or easing poverty, ending untouchability, and above all achieving swaraj or self-rule. 

Mahatma Gandhi was able to achieve the mission of independent India where the Indians are respected for who they are on August 15, 1947. He was able to enlighten people and also gave people an opportunity to make a difference in society. Throughout his career as a political leader, Gandhi has given a few speeches that led to different independence movements. Gandhi was a leader, a leader who the people of the country trusted with all of their hearts, a leader who inspired everyone to take part in a better future through his speeches. There have been many speeches of Mahatma Gandhi that led to Indian Independence. 

In this article, we are going to discuss in detail all the famous Mahatma Gandhi speeches and the impact they had on the people, and also the role they played in getting India its independence. Along with the discussion of the Gandhi speeches, we are also gonna answer the frequently asked questions on Mahatma Gandhi famous speech

Mahatma Gandhi Famous Speech

Mahatma Gandhi or Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was an Indian lawyer, political leader, freedom fighter, and anti-nationalist. He was one of the greatest leaders of our country. He along with other freedom fighters is majorly responsible for the Indian Independence from British rule. He has been known all around the world for his nonviolent approach to fighting against inequality and other issues which directly violate human rights. Mahatma Gandhi was a very good leader and one quality of a leader that is common all around the world is that they are able to guide the people for a better future and also help everyone to fight against discrimination. Because of his leadership quality, he was imprisoned by the British government many times. The determination of Mahatma Gandhi for Indian Independence led to a movement where every person throughout the country was united to non violently fight against the British government and this determination of Mahatma Gandhi shook the foundation of the entire British Rule. 

Mahatma Gandhi’s birthday is on October 2nd and every year it is celebrated in India as Gandhi Jayanthi, a national holiday, and worldwide his birthday is celebrated as the International Day of nonviolence. Mahatma Gandhi is considered the father of the nation all across India and is also called Bapu. He is remembered for his words of wisdom in his great deeds and struggles for the country. On the occasion of the 151st birthday of Mahatma Gandhi let us all look into a few of the greatest speeches of Mahatma Gandhi that led to the freedom of our country. These speeches are considered

to be the ashes that ignited the fire inside every Indian all across the country to fight for Indian independence. 

Best Gandhi Speeches

Banaras Hindu University Speech (February 04, 1916)

Dandi March Speech (11th of March 1930)

Round Table Conference Speech (30th of November 1931)

The Quit India Movement Speech (8th of August 1942)

Speech on Kashmir Issue, At a Prayer Meeting (4th of January 1948)

Speech on the Day Before His Last Fast (12th of January 1948)

On February 04, 1916, Mahatma Gandhi was invited by Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya to speak on the occasion of the opening of the Banaras Hindu University. Among Mahatma Gandhi, the other invited guests were The royal kings and princes, Annie Besant. Everyone was in shock at the speech which Gandhi gave that day. Mahatma Gandhi mainly focused on the importance of the Indian language while he was giving the speech. 

Mahatma Gandhi was sharply criticizing the overuse of the English language and also demanded self-government or Independent India had jolted the audience for the first time. During this speech, he also showed signs of taking on the leadership of the country’s freedom struggle. Mahatma Gandhi also made sure to discuss the importance of cleanliness especially in public areas and in trains. He also said that if we as Indians are not able to clean the places where we worship or travel, how can we ever be able to manage the government.

Mahatma Gandhi during his speech also challenged the British government and demanded an Independent India and also made sure to give the British government a message that if India is not given independence then we will forcefully take it by ourselves via the nonviolent way. This was the very first speech that went on and grew into a wildfire culminating in India’s freedom from the British government. 

On 11th March 1930, there was a mass gathering of more than ten thousand people and there was an evening prayer held on the Sabarmati sands at Ahmedabad. It was on that evening that Mahatma Gandhi delivered the famous Dandi March speech. The speech which he gave during that evening mainly was a roadmap of the famous civil disobedience movement. He made sure to let the people know that no matter what happens after the march and if he lives or dies, the mode of operation should be nonviolence and peace. Every section of the society was invited to come forward and participate in the civil disobedience movement. The march started with the manufacturing of salt from the seawater along with the followers and also called upon every fellow Indians to defy the taxes which were imposed by the British government. He asked all the Indians to give up foreign clothes and liquor, resist taxes imposed by the government and the British courts and offices. This speech had such an impact that not only did this speech ask every Indian to join the freedom struggle and also challenged colonial rule but also decades later influenced the Civil rights movement in the United States of America. Mahatma Gandhi also requested all the women to participate in the march and said that they should come forward and stand shoulder to shoulder with the men in the struggle. The Dandi March speech is considered to be a very important event as it introduced the term ‘satyagraha’ in every Indian psyche. 

The round table conference speech was given by Mahatma Gandhi at the round table conference which was held in London on 30th November 1931. During this conference, the British tried to convince all the Indian leaders to accept the British government and all the rules and laws citing communal disharmony. The bold and courageous Mahatma Gandhi called the British bluff and showed the unity of Indians and the spirit. He said that the people of India are united and there is no disharmony between them due to religion. There were actually no conflicts between the people with different religions but as soon as the Britishers arrived and along with them the policies, there was a division among the people of India. 

Mahatma Gandhi was bold enough to demand the British to offer self-government activity to India through his speech. 

On the day of the Quit India movement, Mahatma Gandhi gave a speech to the people at the Kranti ground in Bombay. The speech of Mahatma Gandhi included many important points but mostly in his speech he focused on the idea and the importance of non-violence. He said that to get independence everyone should follow a nonviolent approach and the draft resolution of the working committee of the congress is written on the foundation of ahimsa and anyone who does not trust the nonviolence approach to attain independence can separate themselves from the operation. 

During this speech, he gave many examples and the situations of the resolutions from history which were fought with the weapons and eventually lost. He said that a person who fights for freedom with only the violent approach will have the blood of his comrades on his hands. He made sure to let the people know that we as Indians are fighting against the non-democratic British rule and its government and not the British people. He said to not hate or have a sour feeling for other English people but to treat everyone with respect. Mahatma Gandhi finally concluded the speech by saying the very famous slogan ‘’Do or die’’. The slogan was a message to every Indian across the country that made sure to say that the fight for the independence of India is the endgame and no one will stop until and unless we get what we want. The Quit India movement speech became an open challenge to the British government from Mahatma Gandhi who was speaking for the millions of Indians across the country to give our country independence. 

On the 4th of January 1948, after the evening of the prayer meeting, Mahatma Gandhi had to discuss the tension which arose between India and Pakistan on the Kashmir issue. From the beginning, Mahatma Gandhi did not want any kind of conflicts between India and Pakistan as he was a follower of peace and nonviolence from the beginning. He was a firm believer that anything could be solved by discussing and therefore he wanted that India and Pakistan should initiate a dialogue system to find a solution to the problem. From the beginning, he did not support the idea of partitioning as he believed that if India went through partition there would be conflicts in the future based on religion. He always believed that we Indians are the strongest when we are united together irrespective of whatever religion we belong to. After the partition was done and when the conflict arose between India and Pakistan on the Kashmir issue, Mahatma Gandhi highlighted the importance of the United Nations in initiating a settlement between the two countries. 

India had achieved independence but it was achievable through the hard work of many people and it came with a terrible price which the people of India are still paying. Mahatma Gandhi was a firm believer of nonviolence and peace among everyone but when he saw the communal riots happening in front of him, that broke him completely. The one thing which he believed and fought for was peace and a country where everyone is free but he was seeing a sight where people were fighting based on religion, he was devastated by it. Mahatma Gandhi was surrounded by sorrows and he started to fast to spread communal love, harmony, nonviolence, and respect to each other. In this speech, Mahatma Gandhi highlighted the importance of fast as a penalty and he also requested communal harmony between all the communities in India. He was very disappointed by the enmity shown by people belonging to different religions. The speech on the day before his fast was the last recorded speech of Mahatma Gandhi before he was assassinated. 

Conclusion on Mahatma Gandhi Famous Speeches

It has been more than 70 years since Indian Independence from the British government and still, the Gandhi speeches are relevant in modern times. Mahatma Gandhi’s speeches are the best example of how words could change and inspire people to do the work. When Indians were tortured and discriminated against and were not given basic human rights, Mahatma Gandhi rose to the occasion and fought for those people. He taught us the concept of nonviolence and how it could win a war without even raising a sword. Mahatma Gandhi's famous speeches have inspired people all across the world to fight for their rights in a nonviolent way. Even to this day where everything is developing within a matter of days, there has been violence and crimes all across the world. Crime based on the name of religions, discrimination of people based on their colour. Gandhi showed us the way to fight all these discriminations and it was the way of ‘Ahimsa’ or nonviolence. The path that was shown by Mahatma Gandhi is very essential to make the world the best and peaceful. 

FAQs on Famous Speeches of Mahatma Gandhi

1. List Out all the Important Mahatma Gandhi Famous Speeches?

Throughout his fight for independent India, Mahatma Gandhi has given six speeches that are considered to be the most important and they are 

Benaras Hindu University Speech (February 04, 1916)

2. Which was the Last Gandhi Speech?

On the 12 th of January 1948, Mahatma Gandhi gave his last speech which is called the “Speech on the day before his last fast”. He was fasting to send a message to the people of India to stop killing each other in the name of religion. Gandhi was a firm believer in nonviolence and when he saw that his people were fighting and disturbing the peace and harmony of the country just because of religion, he decided to fast which he considered was a penalty for all the violence happening in the country, In his speech, he said that he did not fight for the country just to see its people fighting each other based and religion. This is considered to be his last speech before his assassination. 

3. I would like to find more about Mahatma Gandhi, where can I find it?

In the year 1869, on the second of October Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born in a small city situated in the Kathiawar peninsula, called Porbandar. Mahatma Gandhi studied law at the inner temple, London, but at the age of 22 when he returned back to India for the practice, he could not find much employment. And hence went to South Africa in 1983, in order to represent the Indian merchant in a lawsuit. And after returning from there he joined the Indian freedom struggle. 

4. Where can I find the best speeches of Mahatma Gandhi?

If you are looking for the famous and the best speeches on Mahatma Gandhi, then you do not have to go anywhere else, because you have already arrived at the right place, that is to say, you can find the best speeches of Mahatma Gandhi at Vedantu. Though all the speeches that Mahatma Gandhi has given are the best and great, Vedantu has selected six speeches out of many, and Vedantu provides the same to the students, and that too in English.

5. Why choose Vedantu for the best speeches of Mahatma Gandhi?

Throughout his entire life Mahatma Gandhi had given so many speeches and in each speech of Mahatma Gandhi teaches us something, but Vedantu has selected the six speeches given on the six most important time periods of Indian history and provides these speeches to the students to read and learn life lessons. Also, Vedantu provides all the speeches in English and hence for the students of English medium, it becomes really easy to understand and comprehend the same. And hence you must choose Vedantu for the best speeches of Mahatma Gandhi.

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The Mahatma

On The Eve Of Historic Dandi March (11-3-1930)

[On the 11th of March 1930, the crowd swelled to 10,000 at the evening prayer held on the Sabarmati sands at Ahmedabad. At the end, Gandhiji delivered a memorable speech on the eve of his historic march:]

In all probability this will be my last speech to you. Even if the Government allow me to march tomorrow morning, this will be my last speech on the sacred banks of the Sabarmati. Possibly these may be the last words of my life here.

I have already told you yesterday what I had to say. Today I shall confine myself to what you should do after my companions and I are arrested. The programme of the march to Jalalpur must be fulfilled as originally settled. The enlistment of the volunteers for this purpose should be confined to Gujarat only. From what I have been and heard during the last fortnight, I am inclined to believe that the stream of civil resisters will flow unbroken.

But let there be not a semblance of breach of peace even after all of us have been arrested. We have resolved to utilize all our resources in the pursuit of an exclusively nonviolent struggle. Let no one commit a wrong in anger. This is my hope and prayer. I wish these words of mine reached every nook and corner of the land. My task shall be done if I perish and so do my comrades. It will then be for the Working Committee of the Congress to show you the way and it will be up to you to follow its lead. So long as I have reached Jalalpur, let nothing be done in contravention to the authority vested in me by the Congress. But once I am arrested, the whole responsibility shifts to the Congress. No one who believes in non-violence, as a creed, need, therefore, sit still. My compact with the Congress ends as soon as I am arrested. In that case volunteers. Wherever possible, civil disobedience of salt should be started. These laws can be violated in three ways. It is an offence to manufacture salt wherever there are facilities for doing so. The possession and sale of contraband salt, which includes natural salt or salt earth, is also an offence. The purchasers of such salt will be equally guilty. To carry away the natural salt deposits on the seashore is likewise violation of law. So is the hawking of such salt. In short, you may choose any one or all of these devices to break the salt monopoly.

We are, however, not to be content with this alone. There is no ban by the Congress and wherever the local workers have self-confidence other suitable measures may be adopted. I stress only one condition, namely, let our pledge of truth and nonviolence as the only means for the attainment of Swaraj be faithfully kept. For the rest, every one has a free hand. But, than does not give a license to all and sundry to carry on their own responsibility. Wherever there are local leaders, their orders should be obeyed by the people. Where there are no leaders and only a handful of men have faith in the programme, they may do what they can, if they have enough self-confidence. They have a right, nay it is their duty, to do so. The history of the is full of instances of men who rose to leadership, by sheer force of self-confidence, bravery and tenacity. We too, if we sincerely aspire to Swaraj and are impatient to attain it, should have similar self-confidence. Our ranks will swell and our hearts strengthen, as the number of our arrests by the Government increases.

Much can be done in many other ways besides these. The Liquor and foreign cloth shops can be picketed. We can refuse to pay taxes if we have the requisite strength. The lawyers can give up practice. The public can boycott the law courts by refraining from litigation. Government servants can resign their posts. In the midst of the despair reigning all round people quake with fear of losing employment. Such men are unfit for Swaraj. But why this despair? The number of Government servants in the country does not exceed a few hundred thousands. What about the rest? Where are they to go? Even free India will not be able to accommodate a greater number of public servants. A Collector then will not need the number of servants, he has got today. He will be his own servant. Our starving millions can by no means afford this enormous expenditure. If, therefore, we are sensible enough, let us bid good-bye to Government employment, no matter if it is the post of a judge or a peon. Let all who are co-operating with the Government in one way or another, be it by paying taxes, keeping titles, or sending children to official schools, etc. withdraw their co-operation in all or as many watts as possible. Then there are women who can stand shoulder to shoulder with men in this struggle.

You may take it as my will. It was the message that I desired to impart to you before starting on the march or for the jail. I wish that there should be no suspension or abandonment of the war that commences tomorrow morning or earlier, if I am arrested before that time. I shall eagerly await the news that ten batches are ready as soon as my batch is arrested. I believe there are men in India to complete the work our begun by me. I have faith in the righteousness of our cause and the purity of our weapons. And where the means are clean, there God is undoubtedly present with His blessings. And where these three combine, there defeat is an impossibility. A Satyagrahi, whether free or incarcerated, is ever victorious. He is vanquished only, when he forsakes truth and nonviolence and turns a deaf ear to the inner voice. If, therefore, there is such a thing as defeat for even a Satyagrahi, he alone is the cause of it. God bless you all and keep off all obstacles from the path in the struggle that begins tomorrow.

Mahatma, Vol. III (1952), pp. 28-30 Source: Selected works of Mahatma Gandhi Volume-Six

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• Famous Speeches
• Great Trial of 1922

Famous Speeches of Mahatma Gandhi

Mahatma Gandhi does not need any sort of introduction. He was one of the great leaders of our country and a man who was majorly responsible for the Indian independence. He was the pioneer in using non-violence as a weapon to fight against much bigger and powerful enemies. He was imprisoned many times in his life fighting for the Indian freedom and faced tortures of British government. The courage and strong determination of this man shook the foundation of the British rule.

Mahatma Gandhi Speeches during Freedom Struggle of India in English

Mahatma Gandhi’s speeches are a guiding soul and an inspiration for every individuals of this world.

He delivered many speeches at various places and occasions during his freedom struggle which were of great value and importance.

We have collected and summarized some of the top speeches of Mahatma Gandhi given by Him at various events during freedom struggle.

These Mahatma Gandhi speeches will help you to understand the ideology and thoughts of this great man.

Speech at Madras Reception – 21st April 1915

“If there is anything that we have deserved, as has been stated in this beautiful address, I can only say I lay it at the feet of my Master under whose inspiration I have been working all this time under exile in South Africa”

“In the great city of Johannesburg, the Madarasis look on a Madrasis as dishonored if he has not passed through the jails once or twice during this terrible crisis that your countrymen in South Africa went through during these eight long years”

Mahatma Gandhi was welcomed in Madras in 1915. The speech he delivered in Madras was mostly a thanksgiving speech and basically a narration of the struggle in South Africa. He also emphasized the participation and sacrifices of the Indians in South Africa at the time of civil rights crisis. It was the speech given in reply to the welcomed address by Mr. G. A. Natesan on behalf of South African League.

Mahatma Gandhi Speech at Banaras Hindu University – 4 th Feb 1916

“It is a matter of deep humiliation and shame for us that I am compelled this evening under the shadow of this great college, in this sacred city, to address my countrymen in a language that is foreign to me…”

“If even our temples are not models of roominess and cleanliness, what can our self-government be?”

“If we are to receive self-government, we shall have to take it. We shall never be granted self-government”

On the occasion of the opening of the Banaras Hindu University, Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya invited Mahatma Gandhi to speak on the occasion. Gandhiji mainly focused on the importance of Indian language for the basic communication and speeches and castigated the use of English language. He also discussed the importance of cleanliness especially in Temples and Trains and said that if we are not able to clean our temples and city then how will we able to manage self-government.

He also challenged the British government demanding India’s independence and said that if India is not given the self-government then we will be forced to take it by own. Gandhiji speech was considered as the act of courage and it was one of the first speeches in which Mahatma Gandhi fiercely demanded the independence from the British rule and was considered as the seed of his independence movement.

The Great Trial of 1922 – 18th March 1922

“I do not plead any extenating act. I am here, therefore, to invite and cheerfully submit to the highest penalty that can be inflicted upon me for what in law is a deliberate crime, and what appears to me to be the highest duty of a citizen”

“I came reluctantly to the conclusion that the British connection had made India more helpless than she ever was before, politically and economically ”

The speech given by Mahatma Gandhi in the Great Trial of 1922 was a legal statement rather being a speech. Mahatma Gandhi was convicted for spreading dissatisfactions against the British Rule. Mahatma Gandhi had given his statement to the Judge and pleaded that he accepts all the charges, and demands for the highest penalty.

He accepted that he was sole responsible for some non-violence incidents happened during his movement. The Judge in the court was completely shaken by the determination of a man cladded in white piece of cloth as this was the first time when a convict demanded the penalty for himself. Gandhiji also criticized the British government for their oppressive and cruel policies in India.

Speech on the Eve of Dandi March – 11th March 1930

“ Let there be not a semblance of breach of peace even after all of us have been arrested. We have resolved to utilize all our resources in the pursuit of an exclusively nonviolent struggle. Let no one commit a wrong in anger. This is my hope and prayer”

“The history is full of instances of men who rose to leadership, by sheer force of self-confidence, bravery and tenacity. We too, if we sincerely aspire to Swaraj and are impatient to attain it, should have similar self-confidence”

“Let all who are co-operating with the Government in one way or another, be it by paying taxes, keeping titles, or sending children to official schools, etc. withdraw their co-operation in all or as many watts as possible. Then there are women who can stand shoulder to shoulder with men in this struggle”

On the eve of Dandi March Mahatma Gandhi addressed a mass gathering of around 10000 people. The speech he gave was mostly a roadmap of the civil disobedience movement. He pressurized that whether he lives or not after the Dandi march, the mode of operation must always be peace and non-violence. He invited every section of the society to come forward and take part in the civil disobedience movement and break the laws of the British government.

He also emphasized the women participation in the movement and said that they should come forward and stand shoulder to shoulder with men. The effect of his speech had a long term effect when the civil disobedience movement started from a pinch of salt spread on a mass scale across the nation.

Speech at the Round Table Conference – 30th November 1931

“Were Hindus and Mussalmans and Sikhs always at war with one another when there was no British rule, when there was no English face seen there? We have chapter and verse given to us by Hindu historians and by Mussalman historians to say that we were living in comparative peace even then. And Hindus and Mussalmans in the villages are not even today quarrelling”

“Let India get what she is entitled to and what she can really take, but whatever she gets, and whenever she gets it, let the Frontier Province get complete autonomy today”

“It will be one of the richest treasures that I shall carry with me. Here, too, I have found nothing but courtesy and nothing but a genuine affection from all with whom I have come in touch. I have come in touch with so many Englishmen. It has been a priceless privilege to me”

This was the speech given by Mahatma Gandhi at the round table conference in London in the presence of Indian and British political leaders. Gandhiji politely criticized the divide and rule policy of the Britishers and said the people and religions of India were residing in peace and there were no conflicts between them, it was the arrival of the Britishers and their policies which started dividing the people of India.

He also kept the demand to provide the self-government status to India through his speech. He thanked the people of England for extending the arm of friendship and for the utmost courtesy and affection given by the Englishmen.

The Quit India Movement Speech – 8th August 1942

“Ours is not a drive for power, but purely a non-violent fight for India’s independence. In a violent struggle, a successful general has been often known to effect a military coup and to set up a dictatorship. But under the Congress scheme of things, essentially non-violent as it is, there can be no room for dictatorship”

“People may laugh, nevertheless that is my claim. At a time when I may have to launch the biggest struggle of my life, I may not harbour hatred against anybody”

“I have pledged the Congress and the Congress will do or die”

On the eve of ‘Quit India’ movement Mahatma Gandhi addressed people at the August Kranti Ground, Bombay. The speech of Gandhiji included many important points but mostly it was more prominent in describing the importance of ‘Ahimsa’ or Non-Violence. He said that the draft resolution of the working committee of Congress is written on the foundation of non-violence and anyone who does not have faith in non-violence can politely separate himself from the resolution.

He also cited many examples of revolutions from the history which were fought with weapons and lost. He also affirmed that our fight is against the British rule and not the British people so the people of India should avoid the sour feeling of hatred against the Englishmen. The appeal to the United Nations to discharge their obligations in declaring free India was also an important aspect of the Quit India speech.

He concluded his speech by giving the slogan”Do or Die” pledging to fight for the Indian independence or die fighting for it.  The speech was an open challenge to the British government from the Mahatma Gandhi towards the road of Independent India.

Speech on Kashmir Issue, At a Prayer Meeting – 4th January 1948

“Today there is talk of war everywhere. Everyone fears a war breaking out between the two countries. If that happens it will be a calamity both for India and for Pakistan”

 “I shall therefore humbly say to the responsible leaders of Pakistan that though we are now two countries – which is a thing I never wanted – we should at least try to arrive at an agreement so that we could live as peaceful neighbors ”

In a prayer meeting on 04 th January, 1948 Mahatma Gandhi discussed the ongoing tension between India and Pakistan on the Kashmir Issue. As a follower of non-violence and peace Gandhiji never wanted any conflicts between India and Pakistan. He was always a supporter of a dialogue system and wanted that both the countries should initiate a dialogue system and find a solution of the problem. He also emphasized the importance of the United Nations in initiating a settlement between the two countries.

Speech on the Day before his Last Fast – 12th January 1948

“The fast begins from the first meal tomorrow…It will end when and if I am satisfied that there is a reunion of hearts of all the communities brought about without any outside pressure, but from an awakened sense of duty”

“Death for me would be a glorious deliverance rather than that I should be a helpless witness of the destruction of India, Hinduism, Sikhism and Islam”

Mahatma Gandhi was completely devastated by the recent communal riots. He was encircled by the sorrows of the aftermath of the riots. He started the fast to spread the communal harmony, love and respect towards each others. It was the last recorded speech of Mahatma Gandhi just few weeks before his assassination.

In the speech he emphasized on the importance of fast as a penalty and protest against the wrong doing. He requested for the communal harmony between all the communities of the country. He was so much disappointed by the enmity of the religions that he said that it was better to die than to see India killed by its own people.

It had been more than 70 years since our independence but the speeches given by Mahatma Gandhi are even relevant in the modern times. It is the call of the time to follow the ideologies of Mahatma Gandhi and walk on the path shown by him. Now in the world when there is a competition of developing nuclear weapons, the non-violence teachings of Mahatma Gandhi become more important. The path shown by Gandhiji is very essential to create a peaceful and weaponless world.

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8 Famous Speeches of Mahatma Gandhi in English

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Famous speeches of Mahatma Gandhi: Mahatma Gandhi, originally named Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi , is an iconic figure renowned for his pivotal role in India’s freedom struggle. His legacy extends beyond mere historical significance; it encapsulates the embodiment of non-violence, civil rights, and unwavering determination. Gandhi’s speeches in English not only conveyed his deep-seated beliefs but also served as beacons of inspiration for millions worldwide. His articulate orations often highlighted the principles of truth, justice, and the importance of peaceful resistance, shaping his stature as a famous figure whose words still reverberate with relevance. For students, Mahatma Gandhi’s thoughts continue to offer invaluable guidance, advocating for moral integrity, perseverance, and the transformative power of unity. He was the pioneer in using non-violence as a weapon to fight against much bigger and powerful enemies. He was imprisoned many times in his life fighting for the Indian freedom and faced tortures of British government. The courage and strong determination of this man shook the foundation of the British rule.

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Famous speeches of Mahatma Gandhi during Freedom Struggle of India

Mahatma Gandhi speech are a guiding soul and an inspiration for every individuals of this world.

He delivered many speeches at various places and occasions during his freedom struggle which were of great value and importance.

We have collected and summarized some of the top speeches of Mahatma Gandhi given by Him at various events during freedom struggle.

These famous speeches by Mahatma Gandhi will help you to understand the ideology and thoughts of this great man.

Speech at Madras Reception – 21st April 1915

“If there is anything that we have deserved, as has been stated in this beautiful address, I can only say I lay it at the feet of my Master under whose inspiration I have been working all this time under exile in South Africa”

“In the great city of Johannesburg, the Madarasis look on a Madrasis as dishonored if he has not passed through the jails once or twice during this terrible crisis that your countrymen in South Africa went through during these eight long years”

Mahatma Gandhi was welcomed in Madras in 1915. The speech he delivered in Madras was mostly a thanksgiving speech and basically a narration of the struggle in South Africa. He also emphasized the participation and sacrifices of the Indians in South Africa at the time of civil rights crisis. It was the speech given in reply to the welcomed address by Mr. G. A. Natesan on behalf of South African League.

Famous Speech of Mahatma Gandhi at Banaras Hindu University – 4 th Feb 1916

“It is a matter of deep humiliation and shame for us that I am compelled this evening under the shadow of this great college, in this sacred city, to address my countrymen in a language that is foreign to me…”

“If even our temples are not models of roominess and cleanliness, what can our self-government be?”

“If we are to receive self-government, we shall have to take it. We shall never be granted self-government”

On the occasion of the opening of the Banaras Hindu University, Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya invited Mahatma Gandhi to speak on the occasion. Gandhiji mainly focused on the importance of Indian language for the basic communication and speeches and castigated the use of English language. In his famous speech by Mahatma Gandhi he discussed the importance of cleanliness especially in Temples and Trains and said that if we are not able to clean our temples and city then how will we able to manage self-government.

He also challenged the British government demanding India’s independence and said that if India is not given the self-government then we will be forced to take it by own. Gandhiji speech was considered as the act of courage and it was one of the first speeches in which Mahatma Gandhi fiercely demanded the independence from the British rule and was considered as the seed of his independence movement.

Famous Speech of Mahatma Gandhi The Great Trial of 1922 – 18th March 1922

“I do not plead any extenating act. I am here, therefore, to invite and cheerfully submit to the highest penalty that can be inflicted upon me for what in law is a deliberate crime, and what appears to me to be the highest duty of a citizen”

“I came reluctantly to the conclusion that the British connection had made India more helpless than she ever was before, politically and economically ”

The speech given by Mahatma Gandhi in the Great Trial of 1922 was a legal statement rather being a speech. Mahatma Gandhi was convicted for spreading dissatisfactions against the British Rule. Mahatma Gandhi had given his statement to the Judge and pleaded that he accepts all the charges, and demands for the highest penalty.

He accepted that he was sole responsible for some non-violence incidents happened during his movement. The Judge in the court was completely shaken by the determination of a man cladded in white piece of cloth as this was the first time when a convict demanded the penalty for himself. Gandhiji also criticized the British government for their oppressive and cruel policies in India.

Famous Speech of Mahatma Gandhi on the Eve of Dandi March – 11th March 1930

“ Let there be not a semblance of breach of peace even after all of us have been arrested. We have resolved to utilize all our resources in the pursuit of an exclusively nonviolent struggle. Let no one commit a wrong in anger. This is my hope and prayer”

“The history is full of instances of men who rose to leadership, by sheer force of self-confidence, bravery and tenacity. We too, if we sincerely aspire to Swaraj and are impatient to attain it, should have similar self-confidence”

“Let all who are co-operating with the Government in one way or another, be it by paying taxes, keeping titles, or sending children to official schools, etc. withdraw their co-operation in all or as many watts as possible. Then there are women who can stand shoulder to shoulder with men in this struggle”

On the eve of Dandi March Mahatma Gandhi addressed a mass gathering of around 10000 people. The speech he gave was mostly a roadmap of the civil disobedience movement. He pressurized that whether he lives or not after the Dandi march , the mode of operation must always be peace and non-violence. He invited every section of the society to come forward and take part in the civil disobedience movement and break the laws of the British government.

He also emphasized the women participation in the movement and said that they should come forward and stand shoulder to shoulder with men. The effect of his speech had a long term effect when the civil disobedience movement started from a pinch of salt spread on a mass scale across the nation.

Speech at the Round Table Conference – 30th November 1931

“Were Hindus and Mussalmans and Sikhs always at war with one another when there was no British rule, when there was no English face seen there? We have chapter and verse given to us by Hindu historians and by Mussalman historians to say that we were living in comparative peace even then. And Hindus and Mussalmans in the villages are not even today quarrelling”

“Let India get what she is entitled to and what she can really take, but whatever she gets, and whenever she gets it, let the Frontier Province get complete autonomy today”

“It will be one of the richest treasures that I shall carry with me. Here, too, I have found nothing but courtesy and nothing but a genuine affection from all with whom I have come in touch. I have come in touch with so many Englishmen. It has been a priceless privilege to me”

This was the speech given by Mahatma Gandhi at the round table conference in London in the presence of Indian and British political leaders. Gandhiji politely criticized the divide and rule policy of the Britishers and said the people and religions of India were residing in peace and there were no conflicts between them, it was the arrival of the Britishers and their policies which started dividing the people of India.

He also kept the demand to provide the self-government status to India through his speech. He thanked the people of England for extending the arm of friendship and for the utmost courtesy and affection given by the Englishmen.

Also Read: Independence Day Speech for Teachers

The Quit India Movement Speech – 8th August 1942

“Ours is not a drive for power, but purely a non-violent fight for India’s independence. In a violent struggle, a successful general has been often known to effect a military coup and to set up a dictatorship. But under the Congress scheme of things, essentially non-violent as it is, there can be no room for dictatorship”

“People may laugh, nevertheless that is my claim. At a time when I may have to launch the biggest struggle of my life, I may not harbour hatred against anybody”

“I have pledged the Congress and the Congress will do or die”

On the eve of ‘Quit India’ movement Mahatma Gandhi addressed people at the August Kranti Ground, Bombay. The speech of Gandhiji included many important points but mostly it was more prominent in describing the importance of ‘Ahimsa’ or Non-Violence. He said that the draft resolution of the working committee of Congress is written on the foundation of non-violence and anyone who does not have faith in non-violence can politely separate himself from the resolution.

He also cited many examples of revolutions from the history which were fought with weapons and lost. He also affirmed that our fight is against the British rule and not the British people so the people of India should avoid the sour feeling of hatred against the Englishmen. The appeal to the United Nations to discharge their obligations in declaring free India was also an important aspect of the Quit India speech.

He concluded his speech by giving the slogan”Do or Die” pledging to fight for the Indian independence or die fighting for it. The speech was an open challenge to the British government from the Mahatma Gandhi towards the road of Independent India.

Speech on Kashmir Issue, At a Prayer Meeting – 4th January 1948

“Today there is talk of war everywhere. Everyone fears a war breaking out between the two countries. If that happens it will be a calamity both for India and for Pakistan”

“I shall therefore humbly say to the responsible leaders of Pakistan that though we are now two countries – which is a thing I never wanted – we should at least try to arrive at an agreement so that we could live as peaceful neighbors ”

In a prayer meeting on 04 th January, 1948 Mahatma Gandhi discussed the ongoing tension between India and Pakistan on the Kashmir Issue. As a follower of non-violence and peace Gandhiji never wanted any conflicts between India and Pakistan. He was always a supporter of a dialogue system and wanted that both the countries should initiate a dialogue system and find a solution of the problem. He also emphasized the importance of the United Nations in initiating a settlement between the two countries.

Speech on the Day before his Last Fast – 12th January 1948

“The fast begins from the first meal tomorrow…It will end when and if I am satisfied that there is a reunion of hearts of all the communities brought about without any outside pressure, but from an awakened sense of duty”

“Death for me would be a glorious deliverance rather than that I should be a helpless witness of the destruction of India, Hinduism, Sikhism and Islam”

Mahatma Gandhi was completely devastated by the recent communal riots. He was encircled by the sorrows of the aftermath of the riots. He started the fast to spread the communal harmony, love and respect towards each others. It was the last recorded speech of Mahatma Gandhi just few weeks before his assassination.

In the speech he emphasized on the importance of fast as a penalty and protest against the wrong doing. He requested for the communal harmony between all the communities of the country. He was so much disappointed by the enmity of the religions that he said that it was better to die than to see India killed by its own people.

It had been more than 70 years since our independence but the speeches given by Mahatma Gandhi are even relevant in the modern times. It is the call of the time to follow the ideologies of Mahatma Gandhi and walk on the path shown by him. Now in the world when there is a competition of developing nuclear weapons, the non-violence teachings of Mahatma Gandhi become more important. The path shown by Gandhiji is very essential to create a peaceful and weaponless world.

Related Topics on Mahatma Gandhi

Famous Speech of Mahatma Gandhi in English FAQ’s

What was the most famous speech of gandhi.

One of Mahatma Gandhi's most famous speeches is the Quit India speech delivered on August 8, 1942, urging Indians to demand complete independence from British rule.

What are 3 famous Gandhi quotes?

Be the change you wish to see in the world. An eye for an eye makes the whole world blind. The best way to find yourself is to lose yourself in the service of others.

What was the first public speech of Mahatma Gandhi?

Mahatma Gandhi's first major public speech was at the Imperial Theater in Johannesburg, South Africa, in 1904, where he spoke on the issue of discrimination against Indian immigrants.

What are the famous speeches of freedom fighters?

Several freedom fighters delivered iconic speeches, including: Jawaharlal Nehru's Tryst with Destiny speech on India's independence. Subhas Chandra Bose's Give me blood, and I shall give you freedom speech. Bhagat Singh's courtroom statement during his trial.

What was a short note on Mahatma Gandhi's life?

Mahatma Gandhi, born on October 2, 1869, was a key figure in India's independence movement. He advocated non-violent civil disobedience, inspired by principles of truth, non-violence, and equality.

What is 2 October for speech?

October 2 is celebrated as Gandhi Jayanti in India, commemorating Mahatma Gandhi's birth anniversary. It's a day to honor his life, teachings, and contributions to India's freedom struggle and global advocacy for peace and non-violence.

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5 Famous Speeches of Mahatma Gandhi

The Father of the Nation Mahatma Gandhi was born on 2 October 1869 in Porbandar, Gujarat.  His father’s name was Karamchand Gandhi and mother’s name was Putlibai. 

Mahatma Gandhi’s real name was Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi and he was the youngest of his three brothers.  Gandhi’s simple life was inspired by his mother. He was brought up in a Vaishnavite family, and Indian Jainism had a profound influence on his life, due to which he firmly believed in truth and non-violence and followed it throughout his life.

Gandhi’s early education took place in Porbandar.  He got education from Porbandar till middle school, after which he completed his remaining education from Rajkot due to his father’s transfer.  

In the year 1887, he passed the matriculation examination from Rajkot High School and got admission in Samaldas College, Bhavnagar for further studies, but due to being away from home, he could not concentrate and returned to Porbandar after being unwell.  He left for England on 4 September 1888.  Gandhiji joined the London Vegetarian Society in London and became its executive member.  He started participating in the conferences of the London Vegetarian Society and writing articles in the magazine.  He completed his barrister studies (1888-1891) and returned to India in 1891.

On the occasion of the 152nd birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi, let us take a look at some of his most memorable speeches: 

• Banaras Hindu University Speech (February 04, 1916)

“If we are to receive self-government, we shall have to take it… freedom loving as it (British Empire) is, it will not be a party to give freedom to a people who will not take it themselves.”

In February 1916, Mahatma Gandhi was invited by Pt. Madan Mohan Malviya to speak at the inauguration of the Benaras Hindu University. The speech came as a shock to one and all present. The royal kings and princes, Annie Besant, and everyone else had come to expect the condescending tone adopted by Indian leaders towards the British. Gandhiji’s sharp criticism of the English language and demand for self-government jolted the audience and for the first time, the Mahatma showed signs of taking on the leadership of the country’s freedom struggle. This was the very first speech that would grow into a wildfire culminating in India’s freedom from British rule.

• Dandi March Speech (March 11, 1930)

“We have resolved to utilize all our resources in the pursuit of an exclusively non-violent struggle. Let no one commit a wrong in anger.”

It was on the eve of this historic Salt March to Dandi that Mahatma Gandhi outlined a well-thought-out programme for non-cooperation. Setting out to manufacture salt from seawater with his followers, he called upon fellow Indians to defy the taxes imposed by the British. He asked Indians to give up foreign liquor and clothes, resist taxes, and avoid (British) courts and government offices. Not only did this speech compel Indians to join the freedom struggle and challenge the colonial rule but also influenced the Civil Rights Movement in the US decades later. It was instrumental in the introduction of the “satyagraha” into the Indian psyche.

• Round Table Conference Speech, (November 30, 1931)

“I dare to say, it (the strife between Hindus and Muslims in India) is coeval with the British Advent, and  immediately this relationship, the unfortunate, artificial, unnatural relationship between Great Britain and India is transformed into a natural relationship, when it becomes if it does become, a voluntary partnership to be given up, to be dissolved at the will of either party, when it becomes that you will find that Hindus, Mussalmans, Sikhs, Europeans, Anglo-Indians, Christians, Untouchable, will all live together as one man.”

This is the speech that Gandhi delivered at the very first Round Table Conference. It is here that the British tried to convince Indian leaders to accept Dominion status citing communal disharmony and strife. A bold Mahatma Gandhi clearly called the British bluff and showcased India’s unity and secular spirit. Our nation’s history has been altered by British historians, he said, and once again we shall sing our song of love and brotherhood in unison.

• The ‘Quit India’ Speech (August 08, 1942)

“I believe that in the history of the world, there has not been a more genuinely democratic struggle for freedom than ours.”

Smithsonian refers to this address as the “speech that brought India to the brink of independence”.  Gandhiji’s address to the nation on the eve of the historic Quit India movement enshrines our ideals of Ahimsa (non-violence) and freedom. Calling upon the British to leave India voluntarily, Mahatma Gandhi inspired millions of Indians to seek out freedom from bondage and slavery. The novelty of his approach and the call to use non-violent means singled him out as one of the greatest leaders the world has ever known.

• Speech before His Final Fast (January 12, 1948)

“I yearn for heart friendship between the Hindus, the Sikhs, and the Muslims. It subsisted between them the other day. Today it is non-existent. It is a state that no Indian patriot worthy of the name can contemplate with equanimity.”

India had gained its independence but this came with a terrible price.  A painful and violent partition had led to a complete breakdown of communal harmony – a camaraderie that had existed for hundreds of years. Pained, the Mahatma took to fasting once more – another stand, another non-violent struggle, another sacrifice for the sake of our beloved nation and the well-being of all Indians. This speech of his, delivered days before his death, should be our religion, our inspiration in building a peaceful, more tolerant India.

Gandhiji was shot dead by Nathuram Godse and his associate Gopaldas at Birla House on 30 January 1948 at 5:17 pm. The bravest soul was shot three times, at the last moment ‘Hey Ram’ came out of his mouth.  After his death, his tomb was built at Raj Ghat in New Delhi.

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Mahatma Gandhi Speech in English for Students

Mahatma Gandhi Speech – It is indeed rare for someone to create as great an impact on a nation as Mahatma Gandhi did with India. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi who has the honorific Mahatma added to his name, was an Indian lawyer, politician, and anti-colonial nationalist. Furthermore, Gandhi came forward with the highly successful nonviolent resistance against  British rule. Moreover, this man was inspired by several civil rights and freedom movements across the world.

Mahatma Gandhi came into this world on October 2, 1869. This great personality was born in an Indian Gujarati family. Law training of this man took place at the Inner Temple in London. The making of his greatness took place in South Africa.  It was here that Mahatma Gandhi spent a significant part of his life.

Furthermore, in South Africa, Mahatma Gandhi raised his family. Most noteworthy, it was here that Gandhi fought for civil rights by employing nonviolent resistance.

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Life-Changing Events

When Mahatma Gandhi came to South Africa, he had to deal with racial discrimination due to his skin color. Once while traveling on a stagecoach along with Europeans, he was asked to sit near the driver on the floor. Mahatma Gandhi came forward with his refusal as clearly this was a great humiliation for him. Consequently, Gandhi had to suffer beating because of his refusal.

In another incident, Mahatma Gandhi was forcefully made to quit a train at Pietermaritzburg in South Africa. This was due to his adamant refusal to quit the first-class. Consequently, he spent the entire night shivering in the train station. Such events of pure racial discrimination were certainly instrumental in shaping the ideology of this great man. Ultimately, Mahatma Gandhi began to question the standing of his people in the British Empire.

Struggle for Independence

Mahatma Gandhi came back to India in 1915. By this time, there was a significant escalation in the reputation of this man. Furthermore, Mahatma Gandhi became famous as a leading Indian nationalist. After his return, Gandhi became part of the Indian National Congress. In 1920, this man took leadership of the Congress.

As part of the freedom struggle, Mahatma Gandhi launched important movements like Champaran Satyagraha, Kheda Satyagraha, Khilafat, Non-Co-operation, Salt Satyagraha, Civil Disobedience, and Quit India. This shows the immense contribution of this man towards Indian independence.

Nonviolence

Mahatma Gandhi was a huge advocate of nonviolence. In fact, we can safely say that he was the originator of the principle of nonviolence. Furthermore, he was the first person to apply this concept on such a massive political scale. This man always preached people regarding the importance of ahimsa or non-violence.

If you want to learn more about Gandhi’s ideas regarding nonviolence or ahimsa, then refer to his famous autobiography “The Story of My Experiments with Truth”.

One incidence which clearly shows Mahatma Gandhi’s staunch support for nonviolence was the Chauri-Chaura incident. In this incident, angry demonstrators attacked a police station and set fire to the police. Consequently, there was the death of twenty-two policemen. Most noteworthy, there was the halting of the ongoing successful non-co-operation movement by Gandhi due to this incident.

He took this decision to halt the non-co-operation movement because he was strictly against the violence of any kind. He was a staunch man who would never tolerate the tarnishing of his movement with any kind of violence.

Mahatma Gandhi was a man who gave his whole life to the nation. No doubt people refer to him as the father of the nation. His empathy for the poor, oppressed, and lower caste people is absolutely unparalleled. This great man continues to command respect not only in India but all over the world.

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Author : Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi

prominent political and spiritual leader of India and its struggle for independence from the British Empire

• 1.1 Collected Works
• 1.2 Other Works
• 1.3.1 Letters
• 1.3.2 Speeches
• 2 Works about Gandhi
• 3 External links

Collected Works

• Volume VIII
• The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, vol. 8 ( transcription project )

Other Works

• Hindu widow re-marriage and other tracts (1920) ( transcription project )
• Great Thoughts of Mahatma Gandhi (ca. 1920) ( transcription project )
• Swaraj in One Year (1921) ( transcription project )
• The Ethics of Passive Resistance (1921) ( transcription project )
• The Great Trial of Mahatma Gandhi (1922) ( transcription project )
• India on Trial (1922) ( transcription project )
• Letters on Indian Affairs (1923) ( transcription project )
• Sermon on the Sea (1924) ( transcription project )
• Is India different? The class struggle in India; correspondence on the Indian labour movement and modern conditions , with Shapurji Saklatvala (1927) ( transcription project )
• Freedom's Battle (1922) (texts published in Young India ) ( transcription project )
• The Poet and the Charkha (November 1925) (texts published in Young India )
• The Poet and the Wheel (March 1925) (texts published in Young India )
• Satyagraha in South Africa (1924) ( transcription project )
• An Autobiography or The Story of my Experiments with Truth , (translation by Mahadev Desai , 1927-1929)
• Vol. 1: ( transcription project )
• From Yeravda Mandir (1932)—Copyrighted in the United States until 2028
• The Indian States' Problem (1941)—Copyrighted in the United States until 2037
• Gandhi against Fascism (1944)—Copyrighted in the United States until 2040
• Bapu's Letters to Mira, 1924-1948 , 1949
• " First Letter to Lord Irwin " March 2, 1930 announcing plans for Salt Satyagraha
• " Second Letter to Lord Irwin " May 4, 1930 announcing plans for raid of Dharasana Salt Works
• Speech at Prayer Meeting, Sabarmati Ashram (10-3-1930)
• "On The Eve of Dandi March" (11-3-1930)
• "Speech at The Round Table Conference" (30-11-1931)
• "The 'Quit India' Speeches" (08-08-1942)
• "Speech at Inter-Asian Relations Conference" (02-04-1947)
• "Kashmir Issue" (04-01-1948)
• "Speech on The Eve of The Last Fast" (12-01-1948)

Works about Gandhi

• " British-Indian Subjects in South Africa ," in The Times (1896) , January 27, 1896
• Gandhi and Anarchy ( transcription project )
• " Mr. Gandhi's Speech: No Desire to Obstruct ," in The Times (1931)
• The Gita according to Gandhi , 1946, by Mahadev H. Desai
• Message of the East (1948) ( transcription project )
• Mahatma Gandhi , the man who became one with the universal being (1924), by Romain Rolland , tr. by Catherine Daae Groth PG ( transcription project )
• Mahatma Gandhi, An Essay in Appreciation (1925) ( transcription project )
• Mahatma Gandhi, Peaceful Revolutionary (1952) ( transcription project )
• Gandhi the Apostle (1923) ( transcription project )
• Gandhi versus the Empire (1932) ( transcription project )
• Mahatma Gandhi, A Descriptive Bibliography (1968) ( transcription project )
• A Week with Gandhi (1942) ( transcription project )
• That Strange Little Brown Man Gandhi (1932) ( transcription project )
• Great Soul, the Growth of Gandhi (1948) ( transcription project )
• Gandhi, the Saint as Statesman (1936) ( transcription project )
• Mahatma Gandhi, A Biography for Young People (1950) ( transcription project )
• Mahatma Gandhi and the USA (1949) ( transcription project )
• Gandhi on World Affairs (1960) ( transcription project )
• Gandhism in Theory and Practice (1923) ( transcription project )
• A Critical Study of the Non-cooperation Movement in India (1920) ( transcription project )
• Mahatma Gandhi and his Significance (1930) ( transcription project )
• The Life of Mahatma Gandhi (1923) ( transcription project )
• Mahatma Gandhi, the World's Greatest Man (1922) ( transcription project )
• Gandhi and Non-violent Resistance (1923) ( transcription project )
• The Historic Trial of Mahatma Gandhi (1922) ( transcription project )
• Gandhi's story (1950) ( transcription project )
• My Brother's Face (1924) ( transcription project )
• Gandhi and the Indianisation of the Empire (1924) ( transcription project )
• Mohandas K. Gandhi, the Man of the Moment (1921) ( transcription project )
• Whither Asia? (1933) ( transcription project )
• Three Trumpets Sound, Kagawa, Gandhi, Schweitzer (1939) ( transcription project )
• Lenin and Gandhi (1927) ( transcription project )

External links

• Complete books online
• GandhiServe Foundation

Some or all works by this author are in the public domain in the United States because they were published before January 1, 1929.

This author died in 1948, so works by this author are in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 75 years or less . These works may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works .

Public domain Public domain false false

Some or all works by this author are in the public domain in India because they originate from India and their terms of copyright have expired. According to The Indian Copyright Act, 1957 , all documents enter the public domain after 60 years counted from the beginning of the following calendar year after the death of the author (i.e. as of 2024, prior to January 1, 1964). Film, sound recordings, government works, anonymous works, and works first published over 60 years after the death of the author are protected for 60 years after publication.

Works by authors who died before 1941 entered the public domain after 50 years (before 1991) and copyright has not been restored.

Some or all works by this author are also in the public domain in the United States because they were first published outside the United States (and not published in the U.S. within 30 days), and they were first published before 1989 without complying with U.S. copyright formalities (renewal and/or copyright notice) and they were in the public domain in India on the URAA date (January 1, 1996). This is the combined effect of India having joined the Berne Convention in 1928, and of 17 USC 104A with its critical date of January 1, 1996.

The critical date for copyright in the United States under the URAA is January 1, 1941 .

The author died in 1948 .

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New Delhi: In his first trip abroad as the Leader of the Opposition, Rahul Gandhi Sunday drew a contrast between politicians in the US and India, saying that while an American political leader offers the dream of a “promised land”, an Indian leader “listens to what others are saying”.

He also made political attacks on the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), inviting charges of being a “traitor” from the BJP. But it was Rahul’s attempts to dovetail politics with philosophy that stood out on his day one of engagements in the US.

Rahul said the idea of the “destruction of the self” was at the “heart of Indian politics” and religious traditions.

According to the senior Congress leader, the idea defined not just his own politics but also found reflection in the journey of Mahatma Gandhi, as well as the lives of Hindu deities Rama and Shiva.

Rahul was speaking at an interactive session with students at University of Texas in Dallas, in what was his first public event in the ongoing three-day visit during which he also addressed the Indian diaspora and is set to hold a press conference at National Press Club in Washington DC.

“If you look at our big leaders, and historically, you can see extremes. So you can see a Buddha who’s extreme. You can see Bhagwan Ram, same thing. You can see Mahatma Gandhi. The basic idea is the destruction of the identity. The basic idea is the destruction, the destruction of the self, right? And listening to what others are saying. So to me, that’s Indian politics. That’s the heart of Indian politics, and that’s what an Indian leader is. That’s how an Indian leader is different from, say, an American leader,” Rahul said.

“An American leader will say to you, listen, we got to go there. I am going to take you there, the promised land. Let’s go. The Indian leader attacks himself. (Mahatma) Gandhi essentially attacked himself. Totally different concept,” he added.

Incidentally, the memoir of Barack Obama on his years as the US president is titled ‘ A Promised Land’ .

Rahul spoke extensively on the transformative impact of his Bharat Jodo Yatra, explaining it as an “attack on myself”, helping produce a “completely different” way of thinking and relationship with the people.

Speaking about the yatra, Rahul also drew parallels with Gandhi, saying the latter had also “essentially attacked himself”, referring to Bapu’s transformation into an ascetic politician from a regular student who “wore nice suits, had his hair combed”.

“And then slowly you start to see that those things start to fall away. His clothes fall away. His fancy suits fall away. Everything falls away. So there’s sort of almost a destruction of the person taking place. And you can see this. You can see this in many of our leaders. And the reason it’s happening is because the person is actually dying, and the voice of other people is taking over,” he explained.

Rahul’s remarks came in the context of his attempt to define the Bharat Jodo Yatra, the nearly 4,000 km walkathon that he led from Kanyakumari to Srinagar between September 2022 and January 2023 that is credited with reviving the Congress’s political fortunes to some extent.

At the University of Texas, Rahul also responded to questions on the state of the Indian economy and unemployment. He criticised India’s lack of focus on manufacturing, identifying it as a major factor behind the country’s job crisis.

“India has an employment problem. There are many countries in the world that don’t really have an employment problem. China certainly doesn’t have an employment problem. Vietnam doesn’t have an employment problem. So, there are places on the planet that are not struggling with unemployment,” he said, pointing out that even Bangladesh “has wiped us clean in textiles” production, regardless of the current political turmoil there.

He identified the Goods and Services Tax (GST) as an impediment on this front. “Our GST is designed against production. It rewards consumption and states that produce are harmed,” he claimed.

Also Read: ‘Rahul insulted Hindus, lowered dignity of LoP post’ — BJP lashes out after Congress MP’s LS speech

On Sangh vs Congress

At a separate event in Dallas, where he addressed the Indian diaspora, Rahul attacked the RSS—ideological parent of the BJP—saying that while the Congress saw India as a “multiplicity of ideas” and a union of states “just like the USA”, for the Sangh, India was “one idea”.

“This is the fight, and the fight was crystallised in the election, when millions of people in India clearly understood that the Prime Minister of India is attacking the Constitution of India… they were saying that the BJP is attacking our tradition, attacking our language, attacking our states, attacking our histories, and most importantly, what they understood was that anybody who is attacking the Constitution of India, is also attacking our religious tradition,” Rahul said.

And immediately after the poll results, he said, “the fear of the BJP vanished. Nobody in India was scared of the BJP or the prime minister.”

Responding to Rahul’s remarks, Union minister and BJP leader Giriraj Singh told ANI : “To know about RSS, Rahul Gandhi will have to take many births. A traitor cannot know the RSS. Those who go abroad and criticise the country cannot know the RSS. It seems that Rahul Gandhi goes abroad only to defame India.”

‘Devta is the idea that you destroy yourself’

Rahul sought to illustrate his point on self-destruction by invoking the concept of “devta” in Hindu religious tradition. He said contrary to perception, devta does not mean god but a person whose internal feelings are the same “as his external expression, meaning he’s a completely transparent being”.

“That’s the definition of devta . It is the idea that you destroy yourself. So, to me, that is interesting about our politics. How do you suppress your own ideas, right? How do you suppress your own fear, or how do you suppress your own greed? Or how do you suppress your own ambition and absorb other people’s fear, other people’s ambition,” he said.

“You know the idea of Shiva? Basically, when they say, Shiva is the destroyer. What is he destroying? He’s destroying his ego, destroying his structure, and destroying his beliefs. So Indian political thought, Indian political action, is all going inwards… so a good scientist is also that, or a good engineer, a good yogi,” he added.

In his first speech as the Leader of the Opposition in the Lok Sabha in July, Rahul had sparked a political firestorm by accusing the BJP of spreading “violence, hatred and lies” which, he said, were against the basic tenets of Hinduism advocated by Lord Shiva.

While his speech in the US was not the first time that Rahul turned philosophical to describe the transformational effect the Bharat Jodo Yatra had on him, it was certainly his lengthiest elaboration in this regard.

Previously, in December 2022, speaking to reporters in Indore after the yatra entered Madhya Pradesh, Rahul had said: “I let go of Rahul Gandhi years ago. Rahul Gandhi is in your mind, not mine. Try and understand, this is our country’s philosophy.”

In January 2023, addressing a press conference in Haryana, he had remarked: “Rahul is in your mind, I have killed him. The person that you are seeing is not Rahul Gandhi. Read Hindu religion, read Shivji, you will understand. Don’t get surprised.”

At the Texas university Sunday, Rahul said the Bharat Jodo Yatra had also introduced the idea of love in the political discourse of the country, adding that it was a novel attempt not just in India, but globally as well.

“The word love in the discourse… it just doesn’t exist anywhere. You will find hatred, you will find anger, you will find unfairness, you will find corruption, you will find all these words, but you will never find the word love in (political) language, and the Bharat Jodo Yatra actually introduced that idea into the Indian political system. And it has amazed me how that idea has worked,” he said.

(Edited by Nida Fatima Siddiqui)

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• Bharat Jodo Yatra
• Rahul Gandhi

When I used to be young we used to get a lot of adds marketing manhood to smoking.

RG campaign is similar and heavily marketed product with no benefit to the customer who buys that product. Brings more harm than good.

It says students, but I see more middle aged people than young people. A paid abroad campaign.

It’s strange he dresses up like PM Modi in US and like a tight t-shirt wearing bouncers in India and parliament.

India had faster growth and better living conditions under Non “Nehru-Gandhi” PMs. PM Manmohan singh was also not allowed to function freely and was remote controlled by NAC.

Key question we should ask him is Why not take responsibility, become a CM for a state, run it for 5 or 10 yrs, and show results. Then come back and lecture.

So his ideas are no longer bought. He cheated people with his Khata Khat economics and even developed states like Karnataka is facing the brunt.

Wish he was as coherent in his own land .

Comparing Bharat jodo yatra with Gandhiji’s yatra shows the circle of sycophants Rahul Gandhi is surrounded by ! Rahul Gandhi doesn’t understand US politics enough , for if he did, he would have spewed the choicest of abuses for the US political class which is deep into the pockets of industrialists – a class which Rahul Gandhi hates in India ! the man is on a high just because his party got much more seats than last parliamentary elections but his sycophants did not drill a simple fact in his head – Congress could not even break 10 years of anti incumbency. and that is a long long long time in Indian politics.

Nobody cares about Rahul Gandhi. Only those votes his party who hate BJP and Modi from deep of his heart. He and his party don’t have visions for india. Always divide and rule. Now there new toll is caste. I only come here to comment on your article because it’s my waste of time to read about Pappu. Every time when he visits outside India he release his venom

Rahul Gandhi’s “views” on US politicians? Are we being serious? The guy thinks MRP is Minimum Retail Price. The Print would go to absurd lengths to please the Left-liberal cabal.

Seems like only Mr. Sourav Roy Barman thinks an idiotic manchild like Mr. Rahul Gandhi deserves serious attention. This coverage of Mr. Gandhi’s “views” on American and Indian politicians is laughable. Mr. Gandhi would not even understand the basic difference between Republicans and Democrats.

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