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Case study research : design and methods

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CASE STUDY RESEARCH: DESIGNS AND METHODS (3RD ED.)

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CASE STUDY RESEARCH: DESIGNS AND METHODS (3RD ED.) by Robert K. Yin. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2003. 181 pp. $26.95.

This third edition of Robert Yin's Case Study Research: Designs and Methods updates and slightly expands earlier editions of the book. The new edition retains much of what made the first two best-selling research methods books, includes new analytic strategies, and explains in greater detail the strengths of different types of case study research. This book also contains what many methods books lack: numerous specific examples of case study data collection, analysis, and interpretation on a wide variety of topics.

Those who have used earlier editions of Yin's book will find the third edition comfortably familiar. As in earlier editions, each chapter opens with an introduction of questions and topics that will be explored, and ends with exercises that are useful guides for reviewing information in the chapter. Readers will be glad to know that the book's straightforward, clearly written style has not been altered.

Chapter one specifies that case study research is most appropriate when researchers are interested in learning how or why something occurs, when the research focuses on contemporary events, and when no controls of behavioral events are necessary. Yin readily acknowledges that the results of case studies are not generalizeable to populations, and that their purpose is to "expand and generalize theories" (p. 10). He makes clear that the case study is "an all-encompassing method" (p. 14), including design, data collection,...

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Yin Case Study Research Design and Methods

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Research Design Review

A discussion of qualitative & quantitative research design, case study research: an internal-external classification.

The following is a modified excerpt from Applied Qualitative Research Design: A Total Quality Framework Approach (Roller & Lavrakas, 2015, pp. 295-298).

Salmons mentions the work of Robert Yin and Robert Stake. The typologies of Yin (2014) and Stake (1995) are “two key approaches” in case study research that “ensure that the topic of interest is well explored, and that the essence of the phenomenon is revealed” (Baxter & Jack, 2008, p. 545). Yin (2014) outlines four fundamental types of case studies on the basis of the number of cases and units of analysis in the study design. Specifically, Yin’s typology consists of two types of single-case designs – a type with one unit of analysis (Type 1) and a type with multiple units of analysis (Type 2) – and two types of multiple-case designs – those with one unit of analysis (Type 3) and those with more than one (Type 4). Yin believes that theory development is “highly desired” in case study design and therefore selecting cases for a multiple-case design, for example, involves choosing cases that are expected to return results that support or challenge a theoretical proposition or construct.

Where Yin (2014) emphasizes theoretical development and the ability to say something beyond the specific cases studied, Stake (2006) asserts that “the power of case study is its attention to the local situation, not in how it represents other cases in general” (p. 8). Stake (1995) divides case studies into three types: intrinsic – a single case (an individual, group, organization, event, or other entity) that is important in its own right, not necessarily because of its potential predictive theoretical powers; instrumental – a single case where the focus is on going beyond the case to understand a broader phenomenon of interest; and collective – a multiple case version of instrumental where the focus is on learning about a phenomenon. Unlike Yin, Stake is not linking his case studies to the idea of testing preconceived theories but rather to the idea of using the peculiarities of any particular case to illuminate the phenomenon and magnify the understanding of the research topic.

An overarching differentiator in the Yin and Stake typologies is the extent to which case study outcomes are intended to tell the researcher something that is solely about the case itself – that is, the outcomes are “internalized” to the particular case – or the outcomes are intended to tell the researcher something beyond the case, either by facilitating theory development and/or enlightening the researcher’s understanding of a broader phenomenon – that is, the outcomes are “externalized” to situations outside the case.

This internal-external classification, and its relationship to the Yin and Stake typologies, is shown below.

In this internal-external classification, an intrinsic case study as defined by Stake, with its emphasis on what can be learned about the specific case itself, is classified as an internal type of design because the research findings will only be used to inform that specific case. An example of an internal case study is research that a healthcare organization might conduct to investigate its new patient-referral program to inform their need for new social media solutions.

Stake’s instrumental and collective case study types as well as Yin’s case study designs (i.e., types 1-4), with their emphasis on projecting case study results to something outside the case (i.e., a theory or phenomenon), are classified as external case study designs because the researcher’s primary focus is on extending the outcomes beyond the specific cases(s). For example, an external case study might be conducted with one or two state government department(s) to understand the impact of a newly-implemented, more restrictive sick-leave policy on all state employees.

The internal-external classification is one way to think broadly about case study design. Regardless of the design model, however, case study researchers would do well to clearly articulate, as Salmons states, the “methodological foundations” of their designs.

Baxter, P., & Jack, S. (2008). Qualitative case study methodology: Study design and implementation for novice researchers. The Qualitative Report , 13 (4), 544–559.

Roller, M. R., & Lavrakas, P. J. (2015). Applied qualitative research design: A total quality framework approach . New York: Guilford Press.

Stake, R. E. (1995). The art of case study research . Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Yin, R. K. (2014). Case study research: Design and methods (5th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

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Yin, R. K. (2009). Case study research: Design and methods (4th Ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

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Managing imbalanced supply chain relationships for sustainability: a power perspective, sustainable supply chain management in "base of the pyramid" food projects - a path to triple bottom line approaches for multinationals, understanding the effects of professors' pedagogical development with clicker assessment and feedback technologies and the impact on students' engagement and learning in higher education, teacher education’s challenge of changing research relationships with schools, related papers (5), qualitative data analysis: an expanded sourcebook, qualitative research and evaluation methods, qualitative evaluation and research methods, qualitative research: a guide to design and implementation, the discovery of grounded theory: strategies for qualitative research., trending questions (3).

Yin's methodology offers a linear, iterative process for case study research, with each chapter focusing on a specific step in the research design while emphasizing the interconnectedness of the stages.

Not addressed in the paper.

The paper discusses the steps involved in designing a case study, which include planning, designing, preparing, collecting, analyzing, and sharing.

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A new framework of land use simulation for land use benefit optimization based on gmop-plus model—a case study of haikou.

1. Introduction

2. materials and methods, 2.1. study area, 2.2. data sources and pre-processing, 2.2.1. data sources, 2.2.2. data pre-processing, 2.3. research methodology, 2.3.1. gmop-based land use scenario setting methodology, 2.3.2. plus model-based land use simulation modeling, 3. results and analysis, 3.1. analysis of spatial patterns of land use in simulation scenarios, 3.2. analysis of changes in land use structure under simulation scenarios, 3.3. analysis of land use benefits under simulation scenarios, 3.4. influence of diverse driving factors on lucc, 4. discussion, 4.1. an optimization method for land use simulation coupled with the gmop-plus model, 4.2. future land use patterns, 4.3. recommendations for optimizing land use development patterns, 4.4. problems and prospects, 5. conclusions, author contributions, data availability statement, conflicts of interest.

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Fu, H.; Liang, Y.; Chen, J.; Zhu, L.; Fu, G. A New Framework of Land Use Simulation for Land Use Benefit Optimization Based on GMOP-PLUS Model—A Case Study of Haikou. Land 2024 , 13 , 1257. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13081257

Fu H, Liang Y, Chen J, Zhu L, Fu G. A New Framework of Land Use Simulation for Land Use Benefit Optimization Based on GMOP-PLUS Model—A Case Study of Haikou. Land . 2024; 13(8):1257. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13081257

Fu, Hui, Yaowen Liang, Jie Chen, Ling Zhu, and Guang Fu. 2024. "A New Framework of Land Use Simulation for Land Use Benefit Optimization Based on GMOP-PLUS Model—A Case Study of Haikou" Land 13, no. 8: 1257. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13081257

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She Thought Her Grip Was Unbreakable. Bangladeshis Would Prove Otherwise.

Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, who once brought democratic hope to Bangladesh, turned increasingly autocratic and met her downfall in a crackdown on protesters.

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By Mujib Mashal

Mujib Mashal studied Sheikh Hasina’s politics closely over the past year and interviewed her in her office in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina’s life, as well as her politics, had been defined by an early trauma at once personal in its pain and national in its imprint.

In 1975, her father, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Bangladesh’s charismatic founding leader, and most of their family were massacred in a military coup. Ms. Hasina, who was abroad at the time, was forced into exile in India.

Her eventual return and elevation to prime minister embodied Bangladesh’s hopes of a better, more democratic future. She was celebrated as a secular Muslim woman who tried to rein in a coup-prone military, stood up to Islamist militancy and reformed the impoverished country’s economy.

But in time, she changed. She grew more authoritarian, crushing dissent and exuding an entitlement that treated Bangladesh as her rightful inheritance. Then, on Monday, the years of repressive rule finally caught up with Ms. Hasina, and her story came full circle: She resigned under intense pressure from a vast protest movement and fled once again into exile.

Student-led protesters enraged at her deadly crackdown on their initially peaceful movement stormed her official residence and plundered nearly everything inside. They defaced her portraits and tore down statues of her father around the city, and attacked the homes and offices of her party officials.

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