Patient and Research Participant
March 2024
Joint UMSON MRS and Baltimore SOCRA Chapter Meeting: SOP on SOPs
Aryn Knight, BS, CCRP
Associate Vice President
Clinical Research Memorial Hermann Health System
February 2024
Community-Based Participatory Research in Action: Lessons Learned from an Academic-Community Collaboration
Doris Titus-Glover, PhD, RN
Assistant Professor
University of Maryland School of Nursing
January 2024
"Navigating the “IRB” When You're Not Doing Research"
Casey Jackson, MS, CCRP
Director, Research Quality and Compliance
University of Maryland School of Nursing
November 2023
"Pragmatic Clinical Trials: Research in the 'Real-World'”
Joan Carpenter, PhD, CRNP, ACHPN, FPCN
Assistant Professor
University of Maryland School of Nursing
October
2023
"Navigating the Single IRB Process"
Nichelle Cobb, PhD
Senior Advisor for Strategic Initiatives
Association for the Accreditation of Human Research Protection Programs
Michael Linke, PhD, CIP
SMART IRB Program Director for Education and Training; Chair, University of Cincinnati IRB and StrokeNet Central IRB; Adjunct Professor of Internal Medicine
University of Cincinnati
Polly Goodman, CIP
Associate Director, Regulatory Affairs Operations for SMART IRB Harvard Catalyst
"Research Integrity and Scientific Misconduct"
Kaylin A. Adipietro, PhD
Research Integrity Specialist
Office of Accountability and Compliance
University of Maryland, Baltimore
“Research Participant Payment Considerations”
James Campbell, MD, MS
Professor, Department of Pediatrics
University of Maryland School of Medicine
Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health
"Research Record Retention & Destruction: Tips and Best Practices"
Casey Jackson, MS, CCRP
Research Quality Manager
University of Maryland School of Nursing
Gyasi Moscou-Jackson, PhD, MHS, RN
Nurse Scientist
University of Maryland Medical Center
"Trust in Research Using Digital Devices"
Katie Shilton, PhD, associate professor and program co-director of the B.S. in Social Data Science, University of Maryland, College Park
"UMB Office of Accountability IRB/HRPO Related Audits"
Sarah N. Archibald, PhD, MSL, MS, MDE, MA, CCEP Director, Auditing & Monitoring, Program Director, Research Administration Certificate Program
"FERPA and Research"
Stephanie Suerth, MPA, CCEP
Acting Title IX Coordinator
Director, Special Projects
University of Maryland, Baltimore
Julie Doherty, DM, MSN, RN, CIP, CCEP
Assistant Vice President, Research Compliance
Office of Accountability & Compliance
University of Maryland, Baltimore
"NIH Data Sharing Policy"
Taunton Paine, MA Director, Scientific Data Sharing Policy Division
Office of Science Policy
National Institutes of Health
"Smart IRB Process and External IRB Reliance at UMB"
Julie Doherty DM, MSN, RN, CIP, CCEP
Assistant Vice President, Research Compliance
Office of Accountability & Compliance
University of Maryland, Baltimore
"HIPPA Security and Privacy of Data, with a Special Focus on Research"
Peter Murray, PhD, CAS, MS
Senior Vice President for Information Technology and CIO
University of Maryland, Baltimore
"Storytelling in Research"
David O. Fakunle, PhD
Associate Faculty
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
"Online Research Best Practices"
Christina L. Wright, MA, CIP
IRB Exempt/Expedited Team Lead
Virginia Commonwealth University
Chiara Acquati, PhD, LMSW
Assistant Professor
University of Houston Graduate College of Social Work
"Qualitative Research and the IRB: A Primer for Researchers"
Patricia Condon, PhD
Research Data Services Librarian
University of New Hampshire
Andrew Hedrick, MPA, CIP
Senior IRB Protocol Analyst
The Ohio State University
"Community Based Participatory Research: Challenges and Rewards"
Julie Doherty, DM, MSN
Assistant Vice President
Research Compliance
Robert E. Rosenthal, MD
IRB Chair and Professor
University of Maryland School of Medicine
"Research Consent Part 7: Electronic consent - what is it and what is it not?"
Casey Jackson, MS, CCRP
Research Quality Manager
University of Maryland School of Nursing
"Research Consent Part 6: Regulatory & Ethical Considerations (Vulnerable Populations, assents, and short form consents)"
Jon Mark Hirshon, MD, MPH, PhD
Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine
Senior Vice-Chairman, IRB
University of Maryland, Baltimore
"Research Consent Part 5: Informed Consent in Human Subjects Research: Untangling Consent Waivers"
Casey Jackson MS, CCRP
Research Quality Manager
University of Maryland School of Nursing
"Clinicaltrials.gov: All you need to know"
Anthony Keyes, MBA, PMP
Program Administrator
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
.
.
"Research Consent Part 4: Informed Consent in Human Subjects Research: Tips and Guidance on Consent Writing at UMB"
Casey Jackson, MS, CCRP
Research Quality Manager
University of Maryland School of Nursing
"Research Consent Part 3: Integrating Health Literacy into the Informed Consent Process: Tips for Developing Understandable Consent Materials"
Sylvia Baedorf Kassis, MPH
Program Manager
Multi-Regional Clinical Trials Center of Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard
Christopher Trudeau, JD
Associate Professor of Law
University of Arkansas at Little Rock, William H. Bowen School of Law
"Why should we care about protecting human research participates and how can we do it well?"
Marianna Azar
Program Specialist, Division of Education and Development
Office for Human Research Protection
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
"Research Consent Part 2: Required Elements of Consent"
Jan Martinez, MS, CIP, CLSSGB
IRB Manager
Human Research Protections Office
University of Maryland, Baltimore
Casey Jackson MS, CCRP
Research Quality Manager
Office of Research and Scholarship
University of Maryland School of Nursing
"Research Consent Part 1: History, Application, and Process"
Jan Martinez, MS, CIP, CLSSGB
IRB manager
Human Research Protections Office
University of Maryland, Baltimore
Casey Jackson, MS, CCRP
Research Quality Manager
Office of Research and Scholarship
University of Maryland School of Nursing
"Site and Staff Engagement: Resources and Guidance for Understanding Who is Engaged in Your Human Subjects Research Protocol"
Casey Jackson, MS, CCRP
Research Quality Manager
Office of Research and Scholarship
University of Maryland School of Nursing
"DocuSign Use for Research Compliant e-Signature Capture"
Douglas Bowser
Executive Director, Administrative and Academic Systems
Center for Information Technology Services (CITS)
University of Maryland, Baltimore
Eunissa Yancy
IT Senior Specialist
Center for Information Technology Services (CITS)
University of Maryland, Baltimore
"Reportable New Information (RNI) - What UMB Researchers NEED to Know"
Julie Doherty, DM, MSN, RN, CIP, CCEP
Executive Director, Research Protections
Human Research Protections Office
University of Maryland, Baltimore
"Auditing Human Subject Research"
LaToya Lewis, MS, MT (ASCP), CCRP, CCEP
Compliance Specialist
Office of Accountability and Compliance
University of Maryland, Baltimore
“Pediatric Research”
James D. Campbell, MD, MS
Professor of Pediatrics and IRB Vice Chair
University of Maryland School of Medicine
"QI vs. Research"
Casey Jackson, MS, CCRP
Research Quality Manager
Office of Research and Scholarship
University of Maryland School of Nursing
"Conflicts of Interest in Research"
Alison J. Watkins, JD, MS
AVP Enterprise Risk & Policy Oversight
Conflict of Interest Officer
University of Maryland, Baltimore
"Is my study exempt? Understanding exemption criteria"
Jessica Rowe, MA, MS, CCRP
Human Research Protection Program Manager
Emig Research Center WellSpan Health
"Applying the 10th Principle of Good Clinical Practice (GCP): Good Data and Record Management Practices"
Casey Jackson, MS, CCRP
Research Quality Manager
Office of Research and Scholarship
University of Maryland School of Nursing
"Non-Human Subjects Research Determinations"
Maria Drayton, BS
IRB Analyst
Human Research Protections Office
University of Maryland, Baltimore
"Best Practices for Research Data Management"
Jean-Paul Courneya
Library Research Info Specialist
Health Sciences and Human Services Library
University of Maryland, Baltimore
Amy Yarnell
Data Services Librarian
Health Sciences and Human Services Library
University of Maryland, Baltimore
"Lean Six Sigma in Research: Process Improvement, Minimizing Waste, CAPAs, and More"
Emma Barkman, MHA, CCRP
Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center
"HIPAA Awareness"
Kent Buckingham
Executive Director
Office of Information Technology and Facilities Management
HIPAA & IT Security Officer
University of Maryland School of Dentistry
"Preventing and Investigating Research Misconduct"
Stephan Vigues, PhD
Program Director, Research Accountability and Compliance Monitoring
University of Maryland, Baltimore
"Conducting Research with Pediatric Populations"
James D. Campbell, MD, MS
Professor of Pediatrics and IRB Vice Chair
University of Maryland School of Medicine
"Developing Better Consent Forms"
Everly Brown, MLIS
Head of Information Services
Health Sciences and Human Services Library
University of Maryland, Baltimore
Michele Nance, MS
Reference Associate
Health Sciences and Human Services Library
University of Maryland, Baltimore
"Human Research Protections Program sIRB Processes & Workflow: Relying on an External IRB"
Julie Doherty, DM, MSN, RN, CIP, CCEP
Director, Human Protections Administrator/Human Research Protections Program
University of Maryland, Baltimore
"Informed Consent and Ethical Considerations in Clinical Trials"
Jon Mark Hirshon, MD, MPH, PhD
Professor
Institutional Review Board Senior Vice Chair
University of Maryland School of Medicine
"Conducting Research with Pediatric Populations"
James D. Campbell, MD, MS
Professor of Pediatrics and IRB Vice Chair
University of Maryland School of Medicine
"Applying the Revised Common Rule to Nursing Research"
Monique E. Tadeo, MS, CIP
Deputy Director, Research Protections Division
Department of the Navy
Human Research Protection Program
Office of Naval Research
Warfighter Performance Department
Jessica Rowe, MA, MS, CCRP
Research Quality Improvement Manager
University of Maryland School of Nursing
Office of Research and Scholarship
"My Collaborator’s Keeper: When You Can Be Held Responsible for the Misconduct of Others"
Sarah N. Archibald, PhD, MS, MA, CCEP
Research Integrity Officer
Program Director, Research Integrity and Research Administration Certification Program
UMB Office of Accountability and Compliance
"Continuous Stakeholder Engagement in Research"
Hillary A. Edwards, MPH
Associate Director of Program Management and Evaluation
PATIENTS Program, PHSR
University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy
"Conducting VA research"
Frederick M. Ivey, PhD
Human and Animal Research Protections Officer
Baltimore Research and Development Service
VA Maryland Health Care System
"Quality Management in Behavior Research"
Jessica Rowe, MA, MS, CCRP
Research Quality Improvement Manager
University of Maryland School of Nursing
"Demystifying Expedited Event Reporting in Clinical Research"
Elizabeth (Liz) Ness, MS, BSN, RN
Director, Office of Education and Compliance
Center for Cancer Research
National Cancer Institute
"FERPA and Research: The Other Privacy Law"
Stephanie Suerth
Education and Outreach Program Director
Office of Accountability and Compliance
"Data Safety Monitoring in Human Subjects Research: Using Oversight to Avoid Oversights"
Frederick Luthardt
Manager, Compliance Monitoring Program
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
"Navigating the Changing Regulatory Landscape- How the Common Rule Changes Will Impact You"
Madeleine Williams
Senior Consultant
Huron Consulting
"Back to Basics: Informed Consent in Human Subjects Research"
Jessica Rowe, MA, MS, CCRP
Office of Research and Scholarship
University of Maryland School of Nursing
"Protocol Development: A Practical Approach"
Kathleen Palmer, BSN, RN
Program Coordinator
University of Maryland School of Medicine
Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine
📕 Studying HQ
Carla johnson.
Understanding and addressing mental health challenges is crucial to nursing education, equipping future nurses to provide comprehensive patient care. This article delves into nursing research topics on mental health care, offering nursing students insights into its significance, focused research questions, project ideas, and essay prompts.
What You'll Learn
Mental health care is a cornerstone of holistic patient care, an essential concept for nursing students to grasp as they embark on their journey toward becoming competent healthcare professionals. In a world marked by increasing stressors, comprehending mental health challenges, their ramifications, and effective care strategies is paramount. This article explores the realm of mental health care, furnishing nursing students with a deeper understanding of its importance and implications for their future roles.
In their journey toward nursing professionalism, embracing the intricate realm of mental health care is vital. The PICOT questions, project concepts, research themes, and essay ideas shared here form a solid foundation for meaningful exploration and impactful contributions to the field. By immersing themselves in these avenues, nursing students can cultivate a profound understanding of mental health care, preparing them to offer holistic, patient-centered care that tends to both physical and psychological needs. Contact our writing services for those seeking additional guidance in crafting impactful academic work.
Q1: Why is mental health important in nursing?
A1: Mental health plays a pivotal role in nursing as it contributes to patients’ overall well-being. Addressing mental health challenges enables nurses to provide holistic care, acknowledging the interconnectedness of physical and psychological health.
Q2: What are the 4 principles of mental health nursing?
A2: The four principles of mental health nursing encompass building therapeutic relationships, promoting autonomy and self-determination, providing evidence-based care, and fostering a safe and supportive patient environment.
Q3: What are the different types of mental health nurses?
A3: There are various types of mental health nurses, including psychiatric-mental health nurses, geriatric psychiatric nurses, child and adolescent psychiatric nurses, and forensic psychiatric nurses, each specializing in different patient populations and settings.
Q4: What are the 6 C’s of nursing?
A4: The 6 C’s of nursing are Compassion, Competence, Communication, Courage, Commitment, and Care. These principles guide nurses in providing patient-centered care that encompasses both physical and psychological well-being.
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AACN members have access to over 200 archived webinars free of charge. A sampling of topics is listed below.
Explore On-Demand Webinars
Exploring the barriers to inclusion for nurses with disabilities.
Webinar 1: Nurses with Disabilities in Training and Practice
Webinar 2: Removing Admissions Barriers for Nurses with Disabilities: Addressing Technical Standards
Webinar 3: Addressing Disability Accommodations and Inclusion through a DEI Lens
For additional resources, visit the Macy Foundation page .
Team Desklib
Published: 2023-01-20
A nursing research paper is a document created by a student who is currently enrolled in nursing school to offer proof of a certain subject. Nurses working in the fields of clinical practice, nursing education, nursing methodology, and evaluation may also carry out this task. A methodical approach is taken in the Research Topics for Nursing Students with the goal of testing particular hypotheses and drawing conclusions about a particular subject.
A career in nursing is quite demanding and involves a variety of tasks and responsibilities. You must invest a lot of time and energy if you want to earn a degree in nursing. You will be required to submit a sizable number of projects and tasks for your curriculum, such as essays, reports, and theses. For each of your classes, you will also need to produce a nursing research paper.
Learning how to organize information, document research, manage your time, and write professionally all come from writing research papers. As they must record a patient's medical history, nurses must learn how to communicate clearly in writing.
Like any other research paper, a nursing paper is used to evaluate your knowledge, ability to conduct research, and analytical skills. It comprises an introduction, the paper's body, and a conclusion and can be argumentative, explanatory, or analytical.
Consider the topic carefully because your research paper is so crucial. Choose one that is as interesting, relevant, explorative, specific, original, and meaningful. Research Topics for Nursing Students can be a tricky task but asking your lecturers or mentors for advice on how to narrow down your topic or how to proceed with your study could help you be more effective.
Because the authors of many research papers weren't engaged in the nursing study issues they looked into, many of them weren't written as well as they could be. Consider the approach you'll take in the future when writing your next research paper—your own work. This can help you feel more proud of your job and save you a tonne of time later on when you require the information you've already obtained for this research.
Nurses should have some concept of their field of interest by this point. One can look at some of the most recent news on the chosen health issue in addition to the aforementioned resources while choosing themes. Even better would be for them to focus the search on their town or city. They can then look through some e-Journals or check some textbooks from different courses to find ideas for topics. Here are a few topics and subtopics that one can consider -
Writing research papers about child nursing can be done in a variety of methods to investigate a wide range of themes. Here are a few of the most intriguing ideas we have for child nursing -
Young practitioners should be aware of the unique characteristics of this field in order to avoid unfavourable outcomes:
The medical specialists who receive the least attention are midwives. Being a midwife is a terrific career choice, and midwives will always be required as long as babies are being born. There are many things you may learn as a midwife or aspiring midwife to raise the caliber of care you offer -
Being a midwife and caring for newborns is one thing; caring for the elderly is quite another. The elderly require difficult to care. Geriatric patients are quite diverse from one another and will require a unique approach with each patient, unlike pregnant women, who are typically all thrilled about their pregnancy or fall into some group.
There are many variables that affect the success of women's care, and it is the responsibility of a new professional to be aware of them.
Assisting those who are suffering from a mental illness is a very responsible mission. You must therefore study about its idiosyncrasies in your medical school. You can also need the aid of a nursing paper writing service in order to succeed -
Let's face it, the level of care offered in OB/GYN clinics largely decides whether or not our species will survive.
The majority of people's health issues fall under primary healthcare. It is by far the most important aspect of nursing and calls for the broadest strategy. Research Topics for Nursing Students can be chosen from a sea of topics. If you choose primary healthcare as a larger topic, you have countless alternatives as someone studying nursing or writing a research paper on the subject.
Let's face it, the level of care offered in OB/GYN clinics largely decides whether or not our species will survive. It is crucial that every nurse be as qualified and competent as possible because of this -
When dealing with a child, one should be knowledgeable about the techniques, ideas, and practises because paediatric aid encompasses all-around care given to children.
Nursing Leadership Paper Topics
Nursing intervention (NI) practises are essential lessons in any medical school curriculum. You can use this list of issues to conduct your own study if you don't want to pay for a medical research paper on the subject.
Here are some example free nursing study resources for nursing students;
Conclusion You may feel under a lot of strain while choosing a nursing research paper topic for an exam, midterm, or evaluation. You could feel stressed by practical assignments because they regularly demand too much time and effort.
These days, it can be challenging to get Research Topics for Nursing Students inspiration in this particular field especially. We hope that our list of nursing research topics will be helpful to you and that you'll be able to choose one that speaks to you.
Some Interesting Related Resources -
In the ever-changing field of nursing, keeping up with the newest trends and methods is really important. One way nurses can do this is by engaging in nursing projects. But what exactly are nursing project topics, and why are they important?
In this blog, we’ll delve into the realm of nursing project topics, exploring their significance, categories, factors to consider when choosing them, examples, steps in developing them, and more.
Whether you’ve been a nurse for a long time or you’re just beginning your career, this guide will offer helpful tips about this important part of nursing.
Table of Contents
Nursing project topics are specific areas of interest or focus within the field of nursing that nurses explore through research, practice improvement initiatives, or educational endeavors. These topics encompass a wide range of areas, from clinical practice to community health, nursing education, leadership, and management.
Selecting the right nursing project topic is crucial for several reasons.
Clinical nursing projects.
Developing a nursing project topic involves several key steps:
Nursing project topics offer valuable opportunities for nurses to engage in research, practice improvement, and educational endeavors that contribute to the advancement of the profession.
By selecting the right topic, nurses can address important issues, enhance their skills and knowledge, and make meaningful contributions to nursing practice and scholarship. Whether you’re interested in clinical care, community health, education, or leadership, there’s a wealth of exciting nursing project topics waiting to be explored.
So go ahead, choose a topic that inspires you, and embark on your journey to making a difference in the world of nursing.
#i',$content, -1); --> table of contents nursing research topics for students quantitative nursing research topics qualitative research topics in nursing evidence-based practice nursing research topics pediatric nursing research topics nurses are at the front of patient care, and as such, their work can have a profound impact on public health. while nursing constantly evolves, some nurses dedicate themselves to research to advance the profession. whether you are looking for nursing research topics for school, education, or research purposes, nursingpaper is here to help you with your needs for research topic ideas. we have gathered 150 different topics for nursing research paper to use to develop your career. nursing research topics for students.
Nursing topics for research papers can vary depending on your interests and the subjects available to you in your program. As an aspiring student nurse, selecting the right nursing research topic is crucial in writing a successful paper. When choosing a nursing research topic as a student nurse, the topic needs to be interesting, relevant, original, and meaningful.
Quantitative nursing research topics rely on statistical data that can be measured and depends on numbers to provide a conclusion. When creating quantitative nursing research paper topics, exploring ideas that hold measurable data is critical. Exploring scenarios with a quantitative focus includes exploration into the relevant subject matter. Regarding nursing, research topics that capture measurable metrics can often be the most illuminating – from examining patient outcomes under different treatments or exploring trends within demographics. Whatever the focus, applying statistical analysis through quantitative nursing research methods opens up exciting opportunities for discovering topics in clinical practice!
Unlocking complex truths behind nursing issues is possible through qualitative research topics. When writing about qualitative research topics in nursing, you should know that these topics are used to explore real-world problems. Qualitative nursing research uses concepts that explore profound insights into issues using personal accounts. Instead of using statistical data and numbers, it makes for interesting nursing research topics as it focuses on words and meanings. This research topic will account for and document how people think or respond in a particular setting. It offers an opportunity to understand human behaviors from unique perspectives.
Evidence-based practice allows nurses to stay up-to-date on the most reliable information for providing optimal care. Evidence-based practice is reviewing, analyzing, and translating the latest clinical evidence. These nursing research topics involve the best and most current topics for patient practice. Evidence-based practice is considered the gold standard of medical care when treating patients. In today’s ever-advancing medical landscape, healthcare workers must utilize this research topic for patient treatment to achieve successful outcomes.
Pediatric care is a popular nursing research paper topic. It offers many possibilities for exploring nursing science to improve care for children and adolescents. Pediatric nursing requires special training and certifications to care for children, and thus makes a great topic choice for nursing research. Nursing research delves into this exciting topic, exploring various techniques to ensure kids receive quality healthcare from those with special training and certifications in their caring work.
NursingPaper offers services that help you to choose and write research topics for the required papers in your education program. Nursing students have a lot of opportunities to write nursing research papers and improve their skills on specific topics. Selecting one of these nursing research topics allows you to narrow your field of study and learn more about a particular issue. With NursingPaper, nursing students have a chance to excel in their studies and sharpen their skills!
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1 Western Alliance, 25 Ryot St, Warrnambool, 3280 VIC Australia
2 Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC Australia
3 Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia
4 Deakin University, Geelong, VIC Australia
5 The University of Melbourne, Wangaratta and Shepparton, VIC Australia
Anna wong shee.
6 Grampians Health, Ballarat, VIC Australia
Associated data.
All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information files.
Research capacity building (RCB) initiatives have gained steady momentum in health settings across the globe to reduce the gap between research evidence and health practice and policy. RCB strategies are typically multidimensional, comprising several initiatives targeted at different levels within health organisations. Research education and training is a mainstay strategy targeted at the individual level and yet, the evidence for research education in health settings is unclear. This review scopes the literature on research education programs for nurses and allied health professionals, delivered and evaluated in healthcare settings in high-income countries.
The review was conducted systematically in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review methodology. Eleven academic databases and numerous grey literature platforms were searched. Data were extracted from the included full texts in accordance with the aims of the scoping review. A narrative approach was used to synthesise findings. Program characteristics, approaches to program evaluation and the outcomes reported were extracted and summarised.
Database searches for peer-reviewed and grey literature yielded 12,457 unique records. Following abstract and title screening, 207 full texts were reviewed. Of these, 60 records were included. Nine additional records were identified on forward and backward citation searching for the included records, resulting in a total of 69 papers describing 68 research education programs.
Research education programs were implemented in fourteen different high-income countries over five decades. Programs were multifaceted, often encompassed experiential learning, with half including a mentoring component. Outcome measures largely reflected lower levels of Barr and colleagues’ modified Kirkpatrick educational outcomes typology (e.g., satisfaction, improved research knowledge and confidence), with few evaluated objectively using traditional research milestones (e.g., protocol completion, manuscript preparation, poster, conference presentation). Few programs were evaluated using organisational and practice outcomes. Overall, evaluation methods were poorly described.
Research education remains a key strategy to build research capacity for nurses and allied health professionals working in healthcare settings. Evaluation of research education programs needs to be rigorous and, although targeted at the individual, must consider longer-term and broader organisation-level outcomes and impacts. Examining this is critical to improving clinician-led health research and the translation of research into clinical practice.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12909-022-03406-7.
The translation of research evidence into health practice and policy relies on healthcare organisations and systems having sufficient research capacity and capability [ 1 – 3 ]. Health organisation executives and policymakers globally, recognise the need to invest in research capacity building (RCB) initiatives and interventions that are delivered in healthcare settings [ 2 – 4 ]. RCB strategies encompass a range of initiatives designed to promote individual, team and organisation research skills, competence and to influence attitudes towards research [ 2 , 5 – 7 ]. Initiatives designed to build individual and organisational research capacity may include education and training programs, funding for embedded researchers (e.g., fellowships, scholarships) and other research support roles (e.g., research librarians, knowledge-brokers), strategic collaborations with academic partners and developing research infrastructure [ 2 , 6 , 8 ]. RCB strategies often comprise a combination of the aforementioned approaches [ 8 ] and notably, research education and training programs are a sustaining feature of many [ 2 , 3 , 6 , 8 – 11 ]. This is likely related to the insufficient coverage of research in undergraduate health curricula and the need for supplementary education to fill research knowledge and skill gaps, particularly for non-medically trained healthcare professionals. Medically trained healthcare professionals typically have a greater inclination toward and engagement in research than their nurse and allied health counterparts [ 4 , 8 , 12 , 13 ]. Given that nursing and allied health form the majority of the health workforce [ 14 , 15 ], there is increasing interest in RCB strategies that target nurses and allied health professionals to enhance the delivery of evidence-informed care across all healthcare settings and services [ 8 , 16 – 18 ]. Allied health comprises a range of autonomous healthcare professions including physiotherapy, social work, podiatry, and occupational therapy [ 16 ].
This review was commissioned by an academic health science centre in Australia, to inform the research education and training component of its health organisation RCB strategy. Given the typically multidimensional nature of RCB strategies, their functions and impacts at the various levels are inextricably related [ 2 , 5 ]. This makes the discernment between research education and training interventions and other elements of strategies a fraught endeavour. For example, embedded researchers may form part of a broader organisational RCB strategy, and in the scope of their work, may perform an ad hoc education function (e.g., through their interactions with novice researchers) [ 11 , 19 ]. Aligning with the purpose of this work, this review defines research education and training programs as organised initiatives or interventions that are either discrete (e.g., standalone workshops or research days) or longer in their duration (e.g., research courses or a series of workshops or lectures) wherein curriculum is developed and shared with multiple individuals or participants, with a view to develop and apply research skills [ 2 , 5 ]. Healthcare settings are considered those wherein the provision of healthcare is considered core business (e.g., hospitals, community-based health services, cancer care services, family medicine clinics) and is therefore the setting in which research evidence needs to be applied or translated to reduce the gap between research knowledge and practice [ 2 , 20 ].
An initial search of Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Joanna Briggs Institute’s Evidence Synthesis, PROSPERO, and Google Scholar for reviews of research education and training programs delivered in health settings, yielded no existing or planned reviews. On further cursory review of the RCB and research education literature, and concomitant discussions with four content experts (i.e., educators, academic and clinician researchers concerned with research capacity building), it became apparent that research education programs take different forms, occur in pockets within health organisations across health districts and regions, are not always formally evaluated, and often fail to account for adult learning principles and theories. The decision to conduct a scoping review, rather than a conventional systematic review, was based on three key factors: 1) the heterogeneity evident in research education program characteristics; 2) the absence of an existing synthesis of evidence for research education programs delivered in health settings [ 5 ]; and 3) the need to identify the gaps in knowledge about these programs.
This systematic scoping review sought to scope the research education and training programs delivered to nurses and allied health professionals working in health settings and the evidence supporting these approaches. The specific review objectives were to describe the:
This review used the Joanna Briggs Institute’s (JBI) scoping review methodology. As per the JBI methodology, search terms were developed for Population, Concept and Context (PCC). The review question, objectives, inclusion/exclusion criteria and search strategies were developed and documented in advance (Additional File 1 Scoping Review Protocol). The review is reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for scoping reviews (Additional File 2 PRISMA-ScR checklist [ 21 ]).
The researchers identified a set of key papers based on their knowledge of contemporary research education programs and in consultation with four content experts from two high-income countries. They used these papers to identify the key search terms. In consultation with the research librarians (SH and HS, see acknowledgements), the research team conducted preliminary scoping searches to test the search terms and strategy (between 3 March – 10 March 2022). These searches informed decisions about final search terms. A tailored search strategy was developed for each academic database (Additional file 3 Search Strategy).
Academic databases searched included PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, VOCEDPlus, PEDro, Scopus, ERIC, Informit Health Database, JBI, and Google Scholar. Selected grey literature platforms as determined by our knowledge of relevant websites and organisations, were searched. Where larger search yields were observed (e.g., via Google and Google Scholar), the first 250 items were reviewed, only (Additional file 4 Grey literature search). The final research database searches were conducted between 12 and 15 March 2022 by a researcher with extensive systematic literature searching experience (Author 2) in consultation with a research librarian. Grey literature searches were conducted on 17 March 2022. Searches of the reference lists of included records and forward citation searches were undertaken.
Literature was selected according to defined inclusion and exclusion criteria developed using the PCC framework (see Table 1 ). Research education or capacity building programs delivered to qualified health professionals, working in health settings (excluding programs delivered as part of tertiary study) in high-income countries (HIC) as defined by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), were included [ 22 ]. The decision to include studies published in HICs only was made with a view to introduce a level of homogeneity around the broader resource contexts of the study populations [ 23 , 24 ]. No date limits applied, and all types of literature published up to 17 March 2022 were included. Literature published in English only was included, due to resource limitations.
Inclusion and exclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria | Exclusion criteria | |
---|---|---|
Health professionals working in healthcare settings including nurses, midwives, allied health professionals (e.g., physiotherapists, dietitians, speech pathologists, social workers, occupational therapists, podiatrists, dietitians), pharmacists | Medical doctors only Health professionals working in non-health / academic settings Undergraduate students | |
Research capacity building/ development programs, research-orientated continuing education, in-services, training, workshops, workplace learning or mentorship Evaluated programs | Fellowships, scholarships, or other new roles (e.g., knowledge brokers, embedded researchers, librarian), research education as part of tertiary course, global research capacity building frameworks and programs | |
Research or capacity building programs delivered in the healthcare setting in high-income countries (according to OECD criteria) [ ] | Programs delivered in academic institutions and non-health settings or in low and middle-income countries |
a Health professionals were not limited to those that are accredited or registered, but rather included any health worker that was situated in a healthcare setting
b Evaluation was considered if there was an informal or formal approach to measuring and describing the outcomes and/or impacts of the program, to determine whether it met its objectives
Citations were imported into Covidence (Veritas Health Innovation, Melbourne, Australia) for screening. Titles and abstracts were independently screened by two reviewers initially, with conflicts resolved by a third (independent) reviewer. Similarly, full texts were reviewed by two researchers and the reasons for exclusion were noted (Additional file 5 Excluded studies). Data was extracted from the included texts by five researchers. Formal quality appraisal is not typically undertaken as part of scoping review methodology and was not undertaken for the papers included in this review [ 25 ].
Data extracted were tabulated and results were synthesized using a descriptive approach guided by the review objectives as per a scoping review methodology. Outcomes measured and reported in the papers were mapped to the modified Kirkpatrick’s educational outcomes typology [ 26 , 27 ]. Recognising the complex interactions between individuals, research education programs, organisational and other factors, and the various outcomes produced [ 2 ], the modified Kirkpatrick’s typology gives rise to the identification of outcome measures at multiple levels or within these inter-related domains [ 26 ].
Of the 207 citations considered for full text screening, 60 met the inclusion criteria and nine additional papers were located through a citation search of the initial set (Fig. 1 PRISMA Flow Diagram) [ 28 ].
PRISMA Flow Diagram
Research education program characteristics
A total of 69 papers, describing 68 research education and training programs were reviewed. The implementation of the programs spanned five decades, with almost half ( n = 33) implemented in the most recent decade. Research education programs were delivered in the United States of America ( n = 22), Australia ( n = 20), the United Kingdom ( n = 9), Canada ( n = 5), Denmark ( n = 2), Qatar ( n = 2), and one each in Argentina, Finland, Japan, Italy, Singapore, Sweden, Spain, and The Netherlands. The geographical distribution of programs by country is presented in Fig. 2 . Research education programs were targeted and delivered to different healthcare professional groups. Programs were delivered most frequently to nurses and midwives ( n = 35), then mixed professional groups ( n = 18), allied health ( n = 13), and pharmacists ( n = 2). The characteristics of included programs are provided in Table 2 .
Geographical distribution of research education programs. This image was generated by the authors via Microsoft Excel using the Map function
Citation | Program, country, year(s) of implementation | Education program description, curriculum, and aims | Number of participants, profession/s, setting | Pedagogical tools and learning theories |
---|---|---|---|---|
Warren & Heermann, 1998 [ ] | Research Nurse Internship, USA, 1989–1998 | Program description: 2-year program with 2 distinct phases: year 1 focuses on learning about research utilisation, year 2 focuses on conducting research utilisation projects Formal, yet highly interactive classes are held monthly and last between 90 minutes and full day in duration Participants are released from direct patient care by their manager, who is also responsible for creating a supportive learning and innovative environment Clinical nurse researchers coordinate the program; one-to-one mentoring provided by advanced practice nurses At the end of year 2, participants share their findings and recommendations within and beyond the organisation Curriculum: Year 1: research process, introduction to research critical appraisal, orientation to library resources, conducting a computer-based literature search, approaches to facilitate research dissemination and utilization Year 2: determining the impact and feasibility of the innovation, preparation and communication, project management, data analysis, dissemination of the results, and implementing change Aim: To facilitate the integration of research into clinical practice, support the professional development of clinical nurses and promote collaboration among clinicians (nurses and others), educators, and researchers | 127 (of which 88 completed both years of the internship) Nurses 1 university medical centre | Collaborative learning Didactic learning Experiential learning Mentoring |
Adamsen, Larsen, Bjerregaard, & Madsen, 2003 [ ] | Basic Research Methodology for Nurses, Denmark, 1999–2000 | Program description: Year-long, course delivered for one day (8 hours) per month by PhD level teachers that are active in research Course comprised a total of 19 days of classroom work, 120 hours of lectures, 2400 pages of required reading and practical exercises. Participants were also required to prepare a project proposal (protocol) Minimum of 3 hours guidance was provided to each participant by a PhD-qualified course teacher Curriculum: Basic research methodology and critical scientific reflection, (e.g., interview techniques, presentation skills, defending proposal) Aim: To enable students to plan a research project with a view to implementing the findings in clinical practice | 37 Nurses 10 hospitals | Critical and problem-orientated pedagogy Didactic learning Experiential learning Mentoring |
Bott, 2000 [ ] | Critical Appraisal of Research Workshop, Canada, 1998 | Program description: Single 5-hour interactive workshop comprising interactive lectures, reading, and practical learning within a large and a small group setting facilitated by a nephrology nurse who was skilled in research appraisal Curriculum: Critical appraisal of research and utilization of research in the practice setting Aim: To develop nurses’ critical appraisal skills and provide tools for nurse facilitators to upskill a broader nursing audience | 30 Nurses Nephrology centres | Collaborative learning Didactic learning Experiential learning |
Gething, Leelarthaepin, Burr, & Sommerville, 2001 [ ] | Research Training Workshops, Australia, 1997–2000 | Program description: Research training workshops delivered as part of a comprehensive RCB strategy Workshops varied in duration from 0.5–2 days and were delivered onsite by highly experienced and active researchers who were also available for follow-up consultation Neophyte researchers were linked with more experienced researchers for mentorship and consultancy Separate training program was offered to neophyte researchers aspiring to apply for grant funding Curriculum: Range of research topics covered including research design, implementation, analysis, dissemination, critiquing research findings, computer skills, and specialised topics. Aims: Education component of the strategy aimed to meet the needs of nurse researchers at different stages of participation in research Grant funding education component aimed to build research via an introduction to funded research | 320 Nurses 1 large metropolitan regional health service | Didactic learning Mentoring |
Hicks, 1994 [ ] | Critical Research Reading Skills Study Day, England, year(s) of implementation not specified | Program description: Research study day comprising two 2-hour lectures, supportive written materials, and an activity in which participants appraised a research article at the start of the day and again at the end of the day with the lecturer Curriculum: Basic research methods and guidelines for appraising research Aims: To improve participants’ ability to read and critically appraise research as a precursor to translating research into practice | 19 Midwives Hospital and community settings | Didactic learnin Experiential learning |
Hundley, Milne, Leighton-Beck, Graham, & Fitzmaurice, 2000 [ ] | Raising Research Awareness Among Midwives and Nurses, Scotland, 1997 | Program description: Multifaceted intervention including research critical appraisal workshops, seminars, discussion and interest groups, and access to research infrastructure Research education and training program, implemented with and without concurrent policy and practice interventions Curriculum: Critical appraisal of research, research proposal development Aim: To increase research awareness among midwives and nurses | 333 Nurses and midwives 1 acute NHS Trust | Collaborative learning Didactic learning Experiential learning |
Kajermo, Nordström, Krusebrant, & Lützén, 2001 [ ] | Dissemination and Utilization of Research Findings in Clinical Nursing Practice, Sweden, year(s) of implementation not specified | Program description: 2-year long part-time course comprising formal monthly classes lasting about 2.5 hours and experiential activities delivered by nurse researchers Managers of involved nurses overtly supported participation and approved the allocation of half day per week to research Curriculum: Research process, literature searches, research methods, reviewing and critical evaluation of research articles, developing a poster, relationship between research and quality improvement and the process of change Aim: To facilitate the dissemination and implementation of research findings into clinical practice | 10 Nurses 2 acute-care teaching hospitals and 1 nursing home | Didactic learning Experiential learning |
Mulhall, May, & Alexander, 2000 [ ] | Research Utilization Workshops, UK, year(s) of implementation not specified | Program description: 2 blocks of 2-day workshops (4 in total) held 4–5 weeks apart Curriculum: Introduction to research, literature searching, and synthesis, research design, critiquing literature, research dissemination and implementation, theory of practice changes, evaluating practice change Aim: To help participants critically appraise research and implement research in their workplace | 206 Nurses, mental health nurses, and midwives | Collaborative learning Didactic learning Experiential learning |
O’Halloran, Pollock, Gottlieb, & Schwartz, 1996 [ ] | Research Workshop, USA, year(s) of implementation not specified | Program description: Single full-day workshop developed and implemented by a Nursing Research Committee Followed semi structured format and included formal presentations and practical activities using a delphi research process to increase research knowledge and skills Support was provided by Nursing Research Committee members Curriculum: Formal presentations on experiential learning, Delphi studies, and writing research proposals. Experiential learning activity focused on the research process Aim: To provide nurses with a positive research experience, with a view to increase research self-efficacy, with an expectation this would increase nurses’ research activity | 33 Nurses 1 large healthcare facility | Collaborative learning Didactic learning Experiential learning Self-efficacy theory |
Rutledge, Mooney, Grant, & Eaton, 2004 [ ] | Research Utilization Course, USA, 1997–2001 | Program description: 1-day course targeted nurses with an intent to make evidence-based changes to nursing cancer care, as demonstrated by a proposal Didactic delivery of content by faculty experts in research utilisation and a discussion about the strengths and weakness of proposals Letter of support from manager required for each participant Curriculum: Research utilisation models, protocol development, literature critique methods Aim: To expand the scientific foundation in cancer nursing care | 22 Nurses Multiple health services | Collaborative learning Didactic learning Experiential learning Mentoring |
Allen, Boase, Piggott, et al., 2010 [ ] | Practice Nurse Clinical Research Workshops, England, 2008–2009 | Program description: 1 full and 4 half day stand-alone workshops were delivered over 4-month period A resource file which contained a set of convenient reference guides; scenario discussions, quizzes, and role play were developed and used to reinforced participants’ learning Workshop content was developed and delivered by research nurses, GPs, other researchers, data managers, and research administrators Curriculum: Nurse researcher role, participant recruitment and consent, following research protocols, data management and record keeping, common research issues, research context Aim: To increase nurses’ knowledge of clinical research and confidence to conduct research, promote the value of clinical research and the work of the cancer service, and promote further training opportunities | 90 Nurses 67 general practices | Collaborative learning Didactic learning Experiential learning Quizzes |
Bamberg, Perlesz, McKenzie & Read, 2010 [ ] | Research and Evaluation Capacity-building Program in the Community Health Sector, Australia, 2008–2010 | Program description: Research and evaluation training program delivered (five 2-hour sessions) as part of a broader RCB program Curriculum: Overview of evaluation, literature searches, qualitative research methods, designing questionnaires, and writing for publication Aim: To enhance research and evaluation capacity within the organisation | n not stated Mixed 1 large community-based health service | Ely’s Conditions for Change Model Mentoring Roger’s Diffusion of Innovation Theory |
Corchon, Portillo, Watson, & Saracibar, 2011 [ ] | Research Courses and Journal Clubs, Spain, 2007 | Program description: A mentors’ network and an educational program consisting of research courses and journal clubs Mentors’ network comprised of nurses with MSc or PhD, who provided continuous support and research advice to participants Research course included a handbook with course contents, bibliography, and relevant articles Curriculum: Research course focused on literature searching and appraisal skills and the relevance of translating research evidence into practice Aim: To increase nursing research activity by enhancing research capability: knowledge, attitudes, and interest | 89 Nurses 1 specialised teaching hospital | Collaborative learning Didactic learning |
Demirdjian, Rodríguez, Vassallo, Irazola, & Rodríguez, 2017 [ ] | Intensive Research and Management Capacity-building Program for Hospital Health Care Professionals, Argentina, 2006–2013 | Program description: Annual 250-hour intensive course featuring research and management jointly organized by a hospital and university Course combined in-class activities (weekly 3-hr lectures and workshops) with offsite activities (integrative exercises, self-assessment questionnaires, discussion forums) delivered through online platform. Participants also required to develop a research project with with mentor supervision Curriculum: Block 1 (Research) included epidemiology, methodology, bibliographic search and evidence-based medicine, biostatistics. Block 2 (Management) included strategic planning, management projects and programs, health services research, quality improvement, health economics Aim: To provide paediatric professionals with practical tools to conduct research and management activities. Course aimed to demystify the publishing process and encourage participants to publish their work | 295 Mixed paediatric professionals Hospital (mainly) and external public and private institutions | Didactic learning Collaborative learning Experiential learning Mentoring |
Doyle & Harvey, 2005 [ ] | Publishing Short Course, USA, 2003 | Program description: Single session course, approximately 1.5–2 hours duration comprising informal lecture allowing for group discussion and question/answer, PowerPoint slides and handouts (relevant articles and tip sheets) Curriculum Identifying publishable research idea, what and where to publish, authorship, organizing and structuring a paper, submitting a paper, alternative dissemination methods, writing tools/resources Aim: To encourage participants to consider publishing the results of their work and to demystify the publishing process | 40 Mixed 2 healthcare organisations | Collaborative learning Didactic learning |
Duffy, Thomson, Hobbs, Niemeyer-Hackett, & Elpers, 2011 [ ] | Leadership Journal Club, USA, 2010 | Program description: Journal club held monthly at 12 pm, for 12 months. Led by Chief Nursing Officer (hospital) and Professor (nursing school) Research topics (related to nurse leadership) chosen by leads in discussion with participants and article sent via email a week before journal club Curriculum: Critical appraisal process, specific statistical methods or methodological issues, reflection on application of the results for practice and policy Aim: To increase awareness of nursing leadership research, develop leadership, competence in research appraisal, provide a forum to discuss ideas for practice changes, influence leadership decision-making | 27 Nurse leaders 1 hospital | Collaborative learning |
Harding, Stephens, Taylor, Chu, & Wilby, 2010 [ ] | 12-Week Allied Health Research Training Scheme, Australia, year(s) of implementation not specified | Program description: Mentored program to support allied health professionals to complete a systematic review. Comprising five 3-hour group workshops spaced over 12 weeks Candidates required written support from manager to participate and be released from clinical duties Curriculum: Formulating a research question, identifying literature, critical evaluation of papers, synthesising data (qualitative and quantitative methods) and writing the review Aim: To introduce research, whilst embedding a research culture within every day clinical practice | 6 Allied health professionals 1 metropolitan health service | Collaborative learning Didactic learning Experiential learning Mentoring |
Hart, Eaton, Buckner, et al., 2008 [ ] | Computer-Based Learning EBP Program, USA, 2006 | Program description: 3-month EBP-education program consisting of 3 computer-based learning modules designed to enhance EBP skills; each took 15–20 minutes to complete Curriculum: Refining the clinical question, how to read and understand a research paper, and utilizing research in clinical practice Aim: To improve participants’ EBP knowledge, attitudes, and skills | 314 Nurses Five hospitals, physician practice groups, and outpatient services | Self-guided computer-based learning |
Holden, Pager, Golenko, Ware, & Weare, 2012 [ ] | Designated Research Team, Australia, 2009–2010 | Program description: 15-month research capacity building intervention. Expressions of interest required multidisciplinary teams to have manager approval, a research idea, and at least one person in the team with some research experience Training was provided in alignment with research milestones (and recorded for access by researchers/teams unable to attend in person) Ongoing mentoring and protected time for one research team member (one day/week) and access to research resources were offered as part of the intervention Curriculum: Developing a research idea/research proposal, ethics applications, grant funding, qualitative and quantitative methods Aim: To develop research capacity by taking a team-based approach | 37 Mixed 1 public health district | Collaborative learning Didactic learning Experiential learning Mentoring |
Jansen & Hoeijmakers, 2013 [ ] | Masterclass on Scientific Research Training for Public Health Professionals, Netherlands, 2008–2009 | Program description: 18-month Masterclass divided into six 1-week long courses Different time intervals between the courses to apply learnings in practice, with a total time investment of 660 hours Access to university library and a university-based supervisor Curriculum: Identifying an operational problem, developing a research question, introduction to qualitative and quantitative methods, developing a research proposal, data analysis, writing a manuscript, implementation in practice and policy Aim: To train public health professionals to design and conduct practice or policy-related research | 21 Mixed Multiple institutions | Didactic learning Experiential learning Mentoring |
Land, Ward, & Taylor, 2002 [ ] | Critical Appraisal Module, England, year(s) of implementation not specified | Program description: 7 EBP introductory modules were delivered over a 6-week period Workshops were 3-hours long and comprised introductory material and practical break-out group work Academics and practice development nurses facilitated the workshops, which were held at 2 NHS hospital sites to maximise attendance Curriculum: Introduction to critical appraisal, research questions, literature review, critical appraisal, implementing change Aim: To develop staff confidence in locating, appraising, and applying literature to practice; understanding of clinical audit measures, and demonstrate value of interdisciplinary team work | 45 Mixed 1 NHS trust | Collaborative learning Didactic learning Experiential learning |
Latimer & Kimbell, 2010 [ ] | QMC Nursing Research Fellowship, USA, year(s) of implementation not specified | Program description: 8-month long competitive fellowship program with an education component Monthly research education sessions comprising didactic, experiential and peer-to-peer learning and group discussions, as well as self-guided learning via a textbook and homework between sessions Support provided by Masters and PhD-qualified nurses Curriculum: Fundamentals of research including ethics, research proposal development, literature searching, developing a research question, introduction to qualitative and quantitative methods, and data collection Aim: To educate nurses on research processes and for nurses to develop research or administrative funding proposals | 10 Nurses 1 private hospital | Collaborative learning Didactic learning Experiential learning Mentoring |
Levin, Fineout-Overholt, Melnyk, Barnes, & Vetter, 2011 [ ] | Advancing Research and Clinical practice through close Collaboration (ARCC) Model, USA, year(s) of implementation not specified | Program description: 16-week program (intervention group) comprising a 4-week training program (intervention and control groups) followed by formal EBP mentoring for 12 weeks (intervention group only) Curriculum: Weekly 1-hour long classes covered EBP topics including: introduction to EBP, developing clinical questions, searching for evidence, critical appraisal Aim: To improve nurse participants’ beliefs about and implementation of EBP, group cohesion, job satisfaction, productivity, and nurse retention | 46 Nurses 3 Home Health Care Program sites | ARCC (based on cognitive-behavioural theory and control theory) Didactic learning Experiential learning Mentoring |
Mathers, Abel, & Chesson, 2004 [ ] | Radiography Research Course, Scotland, year(s) of implementation not specified | Program description: 4 workshops held in two blocks over a 2-month period comprising 30 hours of course content and 1 independent study day Resource pack complemented the workshop delivery An experienced radiographer-researcher developed workshops and arranged guest lecturers including local health specialists, clinical directors, ethics committee members, librarians Curriculum: Introduction to clinical governance, research, audits, local research context, research in radiography, literature searching, critical appraisal skills, ethics and informed consent, research design and methods, coding and interpretation, report and article writing and submission, dissemination, and research presentations Resource pack included material on clinical governance strategies, critical appraisal, research methods, dissemination and reading recommendations Aim: To increase staff knowledge and implementation of clinical governance by developing their research appraisal, project planning and performance skills and their systematic practice review skills | 12 Radiographers (Allied health) 1 NHS Trust | Didactic learning Experiential learning |
McCluskey & Lovarini, 2005 [ ] | Evidence-Based Practice Workshop, Australia, 2002 | Program description: 2-day workshop held on weekends, with content delivered by a clinician-researchers and health librarian Follow-up support was provided by a clinician-researcher via email and telephone for 11 months Curriculum: EBP process, developing a researchable question, database searches, critical appraisal of quantitative and qualitative research, interpreting statistics, and implementing EBP Aim: To promote EBP knowledge and skills and equip participants with the skills overcome challenges to implementing EBP | 106 Occupational therapists (Allied health) Multiple health services | Didactic learning Experiential learning Mentoring Roger’s Diffusion of Innovation theory Social cognitive theory |
Milne, Krishnasamy, Johnston, & Aranda, 2007 [ ] | Clinical Research Fellowship Programme, Australia, 2002 | Program description: 12-week program comprised a journal club, with written materials and facilitator support when required for manuscript writing beyond the formal program period Facilitated by nurses with extensive clinical and research and EBP experience Program restricted to 10 participants to allow for sufficient support; all participants required manager support to participate and for potential changes arising from the project to be implemented Curriculum: Literature search and appraisal, research question and recommendation development, identify organisational culture barriers to evidence utilisation and strategies for change management Aim: To improve health professionals’ research utilization, written and oral research dissemination skills, and address research utilisation barriers | 15 (over two programs) Mixed 1 health service | Collaborative learning Didactic learning Experiential learning |
Murphy, Kalpakjian, Mullan, & Clauw, 2010 [ ] | Practice-Oriented Research Training (PORT) Program, USA, year(s) of implementation not specified | Program description: 2-phase program of unspecified duration was facilitated by two health academics and academic expert guest speakers Phase 1 consisted of three 2-hour sessions offered weekly after regular work hours, phase 2 involved nine 1-hour sessions offered weekly Program involved seminars, independent work via a web-based platform and mentor support beyond the program until project completion; small cost to participants to cover textbook and food Curriculum: Discipline relevant examples on the fundamentals of clinical research, literature review, developing research questions, evaluating evidence, grant writing, research design, ethics and research proposals, statistics, and psychometrics Aim: To improve participants’ clinical research skills to promote the formulation and submission of translation-focused clinical research grants | 38 Allied health 1 health service | Collaborative learning Didactic learning Experiential learning |
Pennington, Roddam, Burton, Russell, & Russell, 2005 [ ] | Speech and Language Therapy Research Training Program, England, 2001–2002 | Program description: Training comprised 2 strategies: Strategy A involved 2.5 training days over 7 weeks and implementation of a guideline recommendation; Strategy B involved 5 training days, once a fortnight over 3 months and implementation of a guideline recommendation 2 speech and communication academics delivered the training where written practice guidelines were provided Participants kept diaries of rollout activities Curriculum: Strategy A included clinical governance, evidence-based health care, systematic review critical appraisal, randomized controlled trials, evidence-based guidelines and cohort and quasi-experimental studies Strategy B included content from strategy A and additional content based on Roger’s diffusion of innovation model Aim: To improve participants’ ability to introduce and manage evidence-based changes to clinical practice within their department | 34 Speech and language therapists (Allied health) 17 departments across 1 NHS area | Collaborative learning Didactic learning Experiential learning Roger’s Diffusion of Innovation |
Richardson & Carrick-Sen, 2011 [ ] | Writing for Publication Programme, England, 2007–2009 | Program description: 8-month long program, with monthly structured sessions of between 2- and 5-hours duration Sessions were delivered by experienced academics Curriculum: Introduction to academic writing, submission, the peer review process, defining the topic, choosing a journal, author guidelines, literature searching, writing style, referencing, and bibliographic software Aim: To encourage and support nurses to write a paper for a peer-reviewed journal | 50 Nurses and midwives 1 NHS Trust | Collaborative learning Didactic learning Experiential learning Mentoring |
Shatzer, Wolf, Hravnak, et al., 2010 [ ] | Bedside to Byline, USA, year(s) of implementation not specified | Program description: 10-week program including didactic content, two 4-hour workshops and three structured 1:1 mentoring sessions with the workshop facilitator Participants developed a manuscript draft for journal publication or other type of publication Curriculum: Didactic content covered a range of elements across the publication process continuum Aim: To reduce barriers to nurses publishing and to increase participants’ self-efficacy related to scholarly writing | 11 Nurses 2 community teaching hospitals | Collaborative learning Didactic learning Self-efficacy theory Mentoring |
Swenson-Britt & Reineck, 2009 [ ] | Critical Reading of Research Publications Plus course, USA, year(s) of implementation not specified | Program description: 6-week course comprising weekly 90-minute lessons delivered by a research nurse and doctoral student Workbook provided Curriculum: Research article introduction, design and sample, data collection, descriptive statistics, and inferential statistics Aim: To improve participants’ research self-efficacy | 17 Nurses 1 hospital | Collaborative learning Experiential learning Mentoring Self-efficacy theory |
Turkel, Ferket, Reidinger, & Beatty, 2008 [ ] | Nursing Research Fellowship Program, USA, 2005–2006 | Program description: 1-year long fellowship with 4 embedded educational workshops, each 8-hours in duration, with work to be completed outside of and between workshops Curriculum: Identifying a research problem, reviewing the literature, writing a research question, qualitative and quantitative research methods, replication studies, research proposal, research design, population sampling, data collection, ethics, statistics, and participant consent Aim: To advance excellence in professional nursing practice and research | 7 Nurses 1 community hospital | Didactic learning Experiential learning Mentoring |
Varnell, Haas, Duke, & Hudson, 2008 [ ] | Accelerated EBP Educational Program, USA, 2006 | Program description: 8-week program comprising 2-hour classes each week Content delivered by local university faculty members Curriculum: Introduction to EBP, asking clinical questions, basic research design, literature searches, critical appraisal, applying evidence in practice, and evaluation Aim: To increase nurses’ self-reported EBP beliefs and implementation | 51 Nurses 5 acute care facilities | Didactic learning Experiential learning Transtheoretical model of change |
Wells, Free, & Adams, 2007 [ ] | Nursing Research Internship Program, USA, 2004–2005 (evaluation period) | Program description: 2-year program for selected nurses (identified by managers), comprising monthly workshops and self-directed learning in between. Mentoring/access to experienced nurse researchers was also inherent in the program Curriculum: Introduction to continuous quality improvement, systematic data collection, literature searching, critically analysing and synthesizing research papers/findings (in first year) Second year workshops were focused on implementing practice change, data management and research dissemination (abstract and manuscript preparation) Aim: To increase nurse interns’ research literacy, facilitate EBP and reduce barriers to EBP | 17 Nurses 1 university hospital | Collaborative learning Didactic learning Experiential learning Mentoring |
Wojtecki, Wade, & Pato, 2007 [ ] | Teaching Practice-Generated Research Skills, USA, year(s) of implementation not specified | Program description: Ten 1-hour classes offered in weekly succession at the end of the workday. Facilitated by a biostatistician and a clinical nurse specialist Curriculum: Research terminology, basic statistics, developing a research question and a research project Aim: To teach clinicians how to conduct practice-generated research, with a view to enhancing evidence-based medicine knowledge and skills | 14 Mixed 1 hospital | Didactic learning |
Awaisu, Kheir, Alrowashdeh, et al., 2015 [ ] | Pharmacy Practice Research Capacity Building Programme, Qatar, year(s) of implementation not specified | Program description: Intensive 26-hour training program delivered over four (weekend) days Training delivered via didactic lectures, case-based learning, group discussions, and self-directed learning. Course delivered by nine pharmacy research experts Curriculum: Ethics in human research, research design and methodology, critical appraisal of literature, data collection, biostatistics, and research dissemination Aim: To provide participations with knowledge and skills to plan and conduct a research project | 24 Pharmacists 1 hospital and 1 cancer research centre | Collaborative learning Didactic learning Experiential learning |
Berthelsen & Hølge-Hazelton, 2016 [ ] | Research Education Intervention, Denmark, 2013–2014 | Program description: Four teaching sessions delivered fortnightly (modified from 6 due to less than expected participation) Curriculum: Introduction to the program and general overview of nursing research; theoretical and methodological approaches Aim: To increase research usage among the nurse participants and aimed to develop the nurses’ theoretical and practical knowledge of research | 32 Orthopaedic nurses 1 regional hospital | Didactic learning |
Black, Balneaves, Garossino, Puyat, & Qian, 2015 [ ] | Research Training for Point-of-Care Clinicians, Canada, 2011–2013 | Program description: 18-month – 2-year long program whereby interested teams submitted a letter of intent which detailed research problem and team members Approved teams participated in 3 mentored training workshops Curriculum: Research methods, ethics, and literature review techniques Aim: Improve clinicians’ EBP and research knowledge, attitudes, and practices | 153 Mixed 1 health organisation | Experiential learning Mentoring |
Carey, Trout, & Qualls, 2019 [ ] | Nurse Research Internship, USA, 2013–2015 | Program description: Intensive, 9-month paid research internship for qualified nurses to bring their research question to a venue that supports to design, implement, and disseminate projects. Assistance provided by a nurse scientist Interns attend approximately 20 research classes with classroom quizzes cotaught by a nurse scientist and librarian Curriculum: Developing a clinically relevant research question, identifying key words, and conducting a literature search Aim: To build nurses’ capacity to frame research questions, search the evidence, and critically appraise the evidence | 18 Nurses 1 hospital | Didactic learning Experiential learning Mentoring Quizzes |
Chan, Glass, & Phang, 2020 [ ] | Nursing Research and EBP Mentorship Program, Singapore, 2015 | Program description: Mentorship program comprising classroom teaching, hands-on session, and one-on-one mentorship with an experienced researcher Mentees also conducted journal clubs, coached ward nurses on their projects, and were assigned a buddy to guide and co-lead together Curriculum: Classroom teaching included framing research questions, literature search, EBP principles, study designs, critical appraisal, biostatistics Mentoring focused on developing research, project management, evaluating project, data analysis, writing for publication Aim: To develop frontline nurses into EBP champions in their respective departments | 9 (mentees) and 185 (ward colleagues) Nurses Acute care tertiary hospital | Collaborative learning Didactic learning Experiential learning Roger’s Diffusion of Innovation Theory Mentoring |
Donley & Moon, 2021 [ ] | Flexible Research Program for Social Workers, Australia, 2019 | Program description: A 7-month research education program developed by a social work research lead, focused on research foundations Comprised of monthly email and brief oral presentations at team meetings (“Ten Minute Tips”) Second experiential phase involved the development of a research or quality assurance project with management and mentoring support Curriculum: Formulating a research question, literature review basics, ethics applications, methodology and analysis, formulating conclusions and presentation skills Aim: To increase social workers’ confidence to conduct research | 30 Social workers (Allied health) 1 large inner-city public hospital | Didactic learning Experiential learning Mentoring |
Duncanson, Webster, & Schmidt, 2018 [ ] | Writing for Publication Bootcamp Australia, 2012–2015 | Program description: Writing for publication bootcamp (WFP) for novice researchers was a structured additional (voluntary) component of a broader RCB program Six 1-hour sessions were held via teleconference weekly at 8 am and were facilitated by a program manager Program involved teaching, practical application, homework activities, peer interaction (and review) and facilitator support Curriculum: Teaching and practical experience in each stage of the WFP process Aim: Program aimed for 50% of novice researcher participants to submit a manuscript for publication. Other objectives were to increase participants’ knowledge, experience, and confidence in submitting a manuscript; deliver a program to rural participants and to make it cost-effective | 50 Mixed Rural and regional public health services | Collaborative learning Didactic learning Experiential learning |
Edward & Mills, 2013 [ ] | Research outreach ward-based seminar (ROWS) program, Australia, 2011 | Program description: ROWS program comprised part of a broader hospital-based research enhancement model ROWS program was delivered in an express (15 min) format in the ward setting for increased accessibility and attendance Managers attended or directed staff to attend to indicate their support Seminars were developed by nurse academics using and were aimed at nurses at all levels of education Curriculum: Seminar topics included locating research papers online, research in nursing and midwifery, critical analysis of research, ethical considerations, quantitative approaches and qualitative methods Aim: To increase nurses’ awareness of, access to, and use of research in the clinical context | 197 Nurses and midwives Hospital (ward) setting | Didactic learning |
Elkassem, Pallivalapila, Al Hail, et al., 2013 [ ] | Pharmacy Practice Research Training Workshop, Qatar, 2011 | Program description: Two consecutive day workshop delivered by pharmacy practice academics and researchers Curriculum: Research questions, critical appraisal of literature, developing research methods, data collection and analysis, disseminating findings Aim: To improve participants’ views and attitudes towards research | 47 Pharmacists (primarily) 1 hospital | Collaborative learning Didactic learning |
Famure, Batoy, Minkovich, Liyanage, & Kim, 2021 [ ] | SPICE+B, Canada, 2013–2018 | Program description: 10-week seminar series comprising didactic lectures and interactive review and discussion of research literature Lectures supplemented with online closed-access resources including lecture slides, audio recordings, and practice questions, and a participant discussion forum Curriculum: Clinical research methodology and design (e.g., bias, observational study design, clinical trials) Aim: To increase participants’ knowledge and ability to critically appraise medical research | 750 Mixed Multicentre University Health Network | Collaborative learning Didactic learning Experiential learning |
Friesen, Comino, Reath, et al., 2014 [ ] | Primary and Community Health Research Unit (PCHRU) Researcher Mentoring Program Australia, 2011–2012 | Program description: 12-month researcher mentoring program, including four research skill development workshops comprising didactic content and hands-on learning Six project teams were paired with a university-based research mentor to assist in completing a clinically relevant project Manager’s support was required as part of a competitive application process Curriculum: Workshop topics included developing a research question, data-collection tools, statistical analysis, disseminating research findings Aims: Broader program aimed to build research capacity and generate research evidence by and for primary and community health services Workshops aimed for novice researchers to present or publish the findings of a project | 32 Mixed 1 local health district in a metropolitan area | Didactic learning Experiential learning Mentoring |
Fry & Dombkins, 2017 [ ] | Researcher Education Program, Australia, 2012–2015 | Program description: Researcher Education Program was part of a broader multimodal program to build workforce capacity and leadership Education component comprised of six study days and ten 2-hour master classes. Research mentoring was a component of the broader RCB strategy Curriculum: Study days focused on developing a research idea, proposal, data collection, analysis, grant writing and publication Master classes provided practical information about data management, analysis, ethics applications, and use of common research software Aims: Broader program aimed to support nursing and midwifery research and leadership skill development to influence practice change, by addressing identified barriers to research Education program aimed to promote nurses’ capacity to understand, translate, utilise, and conduct research | > 2000 Nurses (primarily); study days and master classes also open to allied health, medical and administrative staff 1 metropolitan local health district | Didactic learning Experiential learning Knowledge to action framework Mentoring |
Gardner, Smyth, Renison, Cann, & Vicary, 2012 [ ] | Research Education Intervention, Australia, year(s) of implementation not specified | Program description: A 6-month multimodal education program comprising initial face-to-face workshops, further face-to-face support, videoconferences, informal email and phone support, and paper-based resources Multidisciplinary team of both nurses and librarians provided the workshops and ongoing support Participants were asked to prepare and submit a research proposal within the 6 months Curriculum: Not described Aim: To promote locally relevant clinical research activity and nurses’ attitudes to and orientation towards research in rural and remote settings | 15 Nurses 2 healthcare sites in rural and remote settings | Didactic learning Reference to Roger’s Diffusion of Innovation theory Mentoring |
Ghirotto, De Panfilis, & Di Leo, 2020 [ ] | Qualitative Research Methodology and Methods (QRM) Training Program, Italy, 2015 | Program description: Year-long multifaceted qualitative research methodology (QRM) training program, developed and delivered by 2 QRM experts Participation was voluntary, participants were required to have basic comprehension in research methodology Training program was 120 hours in total and comprised of lectures, classwork, group and individual work, simulations, and practical application where participants conducted a research study in groups. An e-learning platform was also available Curriculum: Knowledge and skills required to conduct qualitative research in all its steps (using grounded theory methodology) Aim: To enable health professionals to perform qualitative research within their work environment | 14 Mixed 1 Clinical Cancer Centre | Collaborative learning Didactic learning Experiential learning |
Harvey, Barker, & Tynan, 2020 [ ] | Writing for Publication Program, Australia, 2018 | Program description: Three 90-minute face-to-face writing workshops, delivered over an 8-month period by two researchers. Workshops commenced at 8 am to minimize the impact on workday Participants had not previously published as lead author Workshops comprised instruction on how to write for publication, strengths-based problem-solving, 30 minutes of writing, peer review and mentoring by experienced researchers Curriculum: Manuscript planning and preparation guidance, academic writing instruction, peer review Aim: To increase the capacity of allied health practitioners to write and submit manuscripts for publication in peer-reviewed journals | 9 Allied health 1 regional public health service | Didactic learning Experiential learning Mentoring |
Horstman & Theeke, 2012 [ ] | Structured Professional Writing Retreat, USA, year(s) of implementation not specified | Program description: A 1-day (8 hours) intensive professional writing retreat, held off-site on a Saturday Retreat conducted in a conference-like setting with one round table per writing group. Post-retreat support with consultants to encourage continuation of work was also provided An external consultant was engaged to provide the content for the retreat. During the workshop writing groups developed purpose statement for an article, abstract, draft query letter, outline and finalized work plan. Curriculum: Practicalities of academic writing including, choosing a topic, focusing the paper, style, selecting a journal, writing, concept map, elements of good writing, ethical and legal issues, submission and review process, writing the work plan, writing a contract Aim: To improve nurses’ professional writing skills for publication and presentation with a view to increase nursing research publications | 10 writing groups (of 4–8 participants) Nurses 1 hospital | Collaborative learning Didactic learning Experiential learning Mentoring |
Johnson, Black, & Koh, 2016 [ ] | Practice-Based Research Challenge, Canada, 2011–2015 | Program description: 1-year program supported by volunteer research mentor (clinical specialists or academics) plus research skills workshops (1–4 hours duration) and statistics support Curriculum: Conducting a literature review, overview of research methods and research ethics Aim: To increase participants’ knowledge of research methods and enhance patient care through evidence-based practice | 22 Dietitians (Allied health) Multisite healthcare organisation | Experiential learning Mentoring |
Landeen, Kirkpatrick, & Doyle, 2017 [ ] | Hope Research Community of Practice (HRCoP), Canada, 2015–2016 | Program description: A year long program with monthly 3-hour seminars delivered by PhD-prepared nurses and mentoring support from biostatistician Curriculum: Topics covered included defining research question, choosing methodology, ethics application, research logistics, using a data collection/organisation tool, data analysis, planning for dissemination and translation Aim: To develop participants’ confidence and competence to complete research projects | 7 Nurses 1 large multisite teaching hospital | Collaborative learning Didactic learning Experiential learning Mentoring |
Lizarondo, Grimmer-Somers, Kumar, & Crockett, 2012 [ ] | CAHE Journal Club, Australia, year(s) of implementation not specified | Program description: Six 1-hour long journal club sessions using the (International Centre for Allied Health Evidence) structured format, held monthly Groups nominated two facilitators who were required to attend a once-off training workshop. Facilitators were, in turn, instructed to train their members Curriculum: Included aspects of EBP such as formulating clinical questions, developing a search strategy, critical appraisal, evidence implementation and evaluation. Aim: To improve participants’ EBP knowledge, skills, and behaviour | 93 Allied health 1 healthcare facility | Adult learning principles Collaborative learning Experiential learning |
Mason, Lambton, & Fernandes, 2017 [ ] | Clinical Nurse Research Fellows Program, USA, year(s) of implementation not specified | Program description: 1-year long program with monthly formal classes with a Professor Emerita and protected research time Letter of support from manager required as part of application Fellows present their project in the final class which is open to all healthcare providers and leaders Curriculum: Ethical conduct of research with children, protocol design, methodology, statistics/data analysis, institutional review board proposals, grant proposals, and manuscript preparation Aim: To provide clinical nurses with the skills to complete a research study | 6 Nurses 1 paediatric hospital | Collaborative learning Experiential learning Mentoring |
Mazzella-Ebstein, Barton-Burke & Fessele, 2020 [ ] | Nursing Research Fellowship, USA, 2016–2019 | Program description: 18-month research fellowship comprising 18 days of class time presented monthly (online modules and in-person) and mentoring with an experienced nursing researcher. Included protected research days over the first nine months and documented research idea and letter of support from manager/administrator Curriculum: Classes focused on supporting fellows to develop their study protocol for ethics submission Mentoring component focused on developing abstracts and manuscripts Aim: To engage nurses in the research process to facilitate new knowledge and innovations to improve patient care through symptom management | 21 Nurses 1 Comprehensive Cancer Centre | Didactic learning Experiential learning Mentoring |
McNab, Berry, & Skapetis, 2019 [ ] | Research Education Lecture Series, Australia, year(s) of implementation not specified | Program description: Series of six 1-hour face-to-face lectures, delivered fortnightly over a 10-week period. Participation was voluntary Curriculum: Lectures included introduction, purpose/ definition of research, conducting research, ethics and governance and dissemination Aim: To promote understanding and development of research in hospital employees and to increase participants’ experience and intent to conduct to research | 160 Mixed 1 tertiary referral hospital | Didactic learning |
Mickan, Hilder, Wenke, & Thomas, 2019 [ ] | Tailored EBP Education, Australia, year(s) of implementation not specified | Program description: 4-month intervention consisting of monthly 2-hour workshops, delivered by two academic researchers to small groups of participants (8 in each) Workshops consisted of short informal teaching, with practical group activities and discussion Curriculum: Steps of EBP, formulating answerable research questions, critically appraising research papers, applying evidence in practice Aim: To increase participants’ EBP self-efficacy, knowledge, and skills; integrate learnings about EBP into practice, and increase self-reported EBP behaviour | 16 Allied health 1 hospital | Didactic learning Collaborative learning Experiential learning Self-efficacy theory |
Mudderman, Nelson-Brantley, Wilson-Sands, Brahn, & Graves, 2020 [ ] | EBP Education and Mentoring Program, USA, year(s) of implementation not specified | Program description: 5-month program comprising 8 sessions including 7 lectures, independent work time, and a final session to disseminate their findings The lectures were between 30 and 150 minutes in duration, held at midday to accommodate different shifts and were recorded Curriculum: Introduction to EBP, appraise and synthesise literature, design and pilot practice change, integrate and sustain practice change Aim: To improve the knowledge, practice, and attitudes toward EBP among staff nurses and clinicians in a rural CAH | 10 Mixed 1 rural critical access hospital | Collaborative learning Didactic learning Experiential learning Mentoring |
Munro, Tacchi, & Trembath, 2016 [ ] | Course on Research Skills (Pilot), England, year(s) of implementation not specified | Program description: 11 research education sessions as standalone units or a complete course Curriculum: Reflect the concept of compassion in practice and includes the history of research, research methodology, clinical research nursing, protocol review and feasibility, audits, patient centredness, patient information, informed consent, participant recruitment, study management, data entry, documentation Aim: To develop participants’ expertise in adhering to complex clinical trial protocols; ensure robust quality systems and documentation | 77 Nurses 4 (pilot) sites | Didactic learning |
Saunders, Vehviläinen-Julkunen, & Stevens, 2016 [ ] | EBP and Research Utilization Education, Finland, 2014–2015 | Program description: 4-hour live session consisting of didactic learning delivered by advanced practice nurses with EBP expertise Access to web-based educational materials on an interactive learning platform and mentor support for 8 weeks Curriculum: EBP concepts (locating, critically appraising, and summarizing the evidence) and research utilization (integrating evidence into decision-making, measuring outcomes, and implementing EBP change) for the intervention and control groups Aim: To enhance nurse participants’ readiness to for EBP | 77 Nurses 1 university hospital | ARCC (based on cognitive-behavioural theory and control theory) Didactic learning Experiential learning Mentoring |
Schmidt, Webster, & Duncanson, 2019 [ ] | Rural Research Capacity Building Program, Australia, 2006–2013 | Program description: Experiential research education program delivered over 2-year period comprising 10 full-day in-person education sessions, weekly teleconferencing, and mentoring Competitive application process undertaken which required participants to submit a research proposal endorsed by their organisation Clinical backfill (60 days over 2 years) Curriculum: Understanding research, writing a research protocol, research methods, and research report-writing Aim: To increase rural health research capacity | 167 Mixed Multiple rural and regional health services | Didactic learning Experiential learning Mentoring |
Schmidt & Kirby, 2016 [ ] | Centre for Research Excellence Rural Research Capacity Building Program, Australia, 2014 (program linked to that described by Schmidt et al. [ ] | Program description: Modular short course delivered followed by small group meetings Mentoring and support for 2-years Curriculum: Quantitative research (introduction to statistics, measures of frequency and association, questionnaire design), qualitative research (interviews, focus groups, coding, and analysis) critically reviewing the literature, and project development Aims: To build individual and organisational health services research capacity and to build meaningful relationships between university departments of rural health and healthcare providers Trainees were expected to develop and present a formal research report and submit a paper for per-reviewed journal publication | 7 Mixed 3 sites | Collaborative learning Didactic learning Mentoring |
Tilson & Mickan, 2014 [ , ] | PEAK (Physical therapist driven Education for Actionable Knowledge translation) Program, USA, year(s) of implementation not specified | Program description: Multifaceted 6-month program including a two-day training workshop delivered by a clinician- researcher and librarian, who also provided ongoing support to participants for 4 months Curriculum: Literature searching, using technology for EBP, critical appraisal, evidence synthesis, adapting evidence to local context, and selecting topic for knowledge translation Aim: To improve participants’ EBP attitudes, self-efficacy, knowledge, skills, and behaviour | 18 Physiotherapists (Allied health) 3 patient care centres | Collaborative learning Didactic learning Experiential learning Mentoring Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARiHS) Framework Social cognitive (self-efficacy) theory |
Tsujimoto, Kataoka, Sato, et al., 2021 [ ] | Systematic Review Workshop, Japan, 2015–2017 | Program description: 6-month program comprising a combination of seven short lectures, homework, discussions and feedback and support from facilitators Curriculum: Developing systematic review questions ad search strategies, using bibliographic software, establishing inclusion and exclusion criteria, assess for risk of bias, perform meta-analyses, narrative synthesis, quality appraisal, review registration, and dissemination Aim: To provide healthcare staff with skills to create systematic review protocols based on their own clinical questions at teaching hospitals | 233 Mixed 9 hospitals | Collaborative learning Didactic learning Experiential learning |
Wenke, Thomas, Hughes, & Mickan, 2018 [ ] | TREAT (Tailoring Research Evidence and Theory) Journal Clubs, Australia, year(s) of implementation not specified | Program description: Five monthly journal clubs using a structured format: “TREAT”, which incorporated eleven ‘key components’ of successful journal clubs Facilitated by academic allied health researchers experienced in teaching and using EBP who were also available for mentoring support between sessions Curriculum: Goal setting to identify relevant topics, use if PICO approach to clarify clinical questions, group critical appraisal using structured “Critical Appraisal Skills Programme”, tools, and engaging librarian support Aim: To improve allied health professionals’ EBP skills | 61 Allied health professionals 1 large health service | Adult learning principles Collaborative learning Didactic learning Experiential learning Mentoring |
Wilson, Ice, Nakashima, et al., 2015 [ ] | Hybrid Model Journal Club, USA, year(s) of implementation not specified | Program description: Multidisciplinary bi-weekly journal clubs conducted in-person and online using a secure social media site, over an 8-week period (four sessions in total) Sessions facilitated by a PhD-prepared nurse and followed four steps of EBP: Ask, access, appraise, apply Participants could earn contact hours/points towards a clinical ladder program Curriculum: The journal club was designed with the general topic of “Improving Pain Management”; curriculum focused on clinical problem solving Aim: To increase EBP skills, self-efficacy, research use, behaviours, ability, desire and decrease reported barriers | 36 Nurses (primarily) 1 large urban hospital | Collaborative learning Didactic learning Experiential learning Self-efficacy theory |
Withington, Alcorn, Maybery, & Goodyear, 2020 [ ] | Training and Mentoring Program, Australia, year(s) of implementation not specified | Program description: 3-year multimodal program comprising 2-day face-to-face training session followed by monthly group and individual mentoring, delivered by a university Additional supports provided by health service (steering committee review, access to consultation and online educational material) Placements in program limited and competitive application process undertaken Participants required to complete a service evaluation or research project Curriculum: Designed to walk participants through steps of a research project including design, ethics, implementation, analysis and write up Aim: To build clinicians’ research capacity with senior level support within the organisation | 21 Social workers (Allied health) 1 large paediatric health service | Collaborative learning Mentoring |
a PEAK program is described in [ 72 ] and the evaluation is reported in linked paper [ 102 ]
Research education programs were delivered in several different formats and over different types of durations. Some were delivered as standalone single study days, workshops or sessions [ 29 – 34 ], and others as a series of several short sessions or workshops [ 35 – 45 ]. The majority of papers described integrated research education courses of either a short duration, (i.e., one to 4 months) [ 46 – 65 ], medium duration (i.e., five to 11 months) [ 9 , 66 – 76 ], or longer-duration (i.e., 1 year or longer) [ 77 – 94 ].
Programs almost always included a didactic element (e.g., lectures, seminars), delivered by an experienced academic or clinician-researcher (researcher with a primary healthcare qualification; [ 95 ]) or an individual with content expertise (e.g., biostatistician [ 48 ], librarian [ 33 , 57 , 66 ], ethics committee member [ 57 ] or data manager [ 42 ]). Most of the programs were multifaceted and included a mix of didactic teaching as well as either group discussion, online teaching (e.g., teleconferences or modules), or the practical application of theoretical principles between education sessions. Several were described as single mode research education programs (e.g., seminars, lectures, or online modules only) [ 29 – 31 , 33 , 37 – 39 , 46 , 48 , 49 , 53 – 55 , 87 ]. Timing was described as an important consideration in several papers, with an emphasis on minimising impact on participants’ working day or clinical duties. For example, by holding sessions early (8 am) prior to the working day [ 9 , 51 ] or on weekends [ 32 , 63 , 71 ].
The curricula or research education content described in the papers reflected the aims of the programs. Program aims were broadly categorised according to the level of intended participants’ research engagement: research use or consumption ( n = 28) and research activity ( n = 31) [ 96 ]. Where the program content focused on searching, retrieving, and appraising research literature, and considering in the context of clinical practice (i.e., evidence-based practice), this was considered engagement at the research user or consumer level. Slightly more programs were concerned with developing research skills to engage in and conduct research activity. These programs included content related to research methods, data collection and analysis techniques, protocol development and ethics application [ 31 , 35 , 37 , 39 , 42 , 43 , 48 , 49 , 52 , 53 , 57 , 59 , 63 , 64 , 67 , 68 , 73 , 77 – 85 , 90 – 92 ]. Seven programs were orientated toward developing participants’ skills for research dissemination, typically writing for publication [ 9 , 32 , 33 , 47 , 51 , 74 ] or preparing research posters and seminars [ 88 ]. It was assumed that the participants in the programs concerned with writing for publication had already undertaken a research activity and needed further education and support to formally disseminate their findings. Two programs were specifically focused on developing participants’ skills to complete a systematic review [ 46 , 76 ]. Three programs included content directly related to implementing research in practice [ 60 , 80 , 86 ].
Fourteen programs required that participants had overt support from their manager to participate (e.g., written approval or direct selection of participants) [ 46 , 51 , 58 , 62 , 75 , 79 – 81 , 83 , 85 , 91 – 94 ]. Two papers described participants’ departments being actively supportive of their participation in the research education program [ 59 , 86 ]. One paper referred to managers’ positive role modelling by engaging in the research education program [ 39 ] and another described the criteria used to determine the suitability of participants based on their context (i.e., supportive managers who were interested in research and willing to release participating staff for half day each week) [ 88 ]. Five papers described manager or leadership support as being a key enabler to participants engaging in the education program [ 56 , 60 , 75 , 89 , 91 ] and four papers referred explicitly to the lack of organisational, managerial, or collegial support as key limitations to, or a negative influence on participants’ learning experience [ 49 , 77 , 84 , 88 ].
Nine papers described the integration of opportunities to acknowledge the achievements of program participants. Opportunities were described as formal events held at the conclusion of the program to celebrate the participants’ completion [ 58 , 66 , 80 , 83 ], recognition via staff communications or at an organisation-wide event [ 37 ], opening participants’ project presentations to a wider healthcare organisation audience [ 92 ], or by managers providing opportunities for participating staff to present their work to colleagues [ 81 , 82 ]. One program included the acknowledgment of contact hours for nurse participants to attain continuing professional development points for their professional registration [ 54 ] and another referred to participants’ “recognition and exposure” within and beyond their organisation, as a participant-reported benefit (46, e–145).
Understanding how people learn effectively is fundamental to the design of any educational program. Thus, the second aim of this review was to determine what pedagogies (teaching methods) were employed for adult learners undertaking research education and training. Few of the studies ( n = 13) included in this review explicitly stated which pedagogical strategies informed the design and delivery of the education programs. However, where possible we extracted pedagogical strategies that appear to be present (see Table Table2 2 ).
Education programs generally included a mix of active and passive learning strategies. Active learning can be defined as an activity which engages students as participants in the learning process whereas with passive learning, students receive information from the instructor but have little active involvement [ 97 ]. Passive forms of learning or didactic approaches that were employed included seminars, lectures, reading, and exams. Five programs were described with respect to the didactic learning component only, with no reference or implication of any underlying pedagogy or learning theory [ 39 , 45 , 48 , 49 , 53 ].
Commonly, education programs included some form of experiential learning. Experiential learning, or “learning by doing” is a type of active learning whereby students apply knowledge to real-world situations and then reflect on the process and experience [ 98 ]. Examples of experiential learning described in the education programs include simulations, role-play, preparation of research protocols, grant proposals, manuscripts, and appraisal of research. Lack of experiential learning, or “practical experience”, was described as a limitation in one paper [ 38 ]. Quizzes were utilised in two programs [ 42 , 66 ] to reinforce participants’ learning.
Social cognitive theories of learning, such as self-efficacy theory [ 99 ], were explicitly mentioned in seven studies [ 31 , 47 , 54 , 56 , 61 , 71 , 72 ]. Self-efficacy theory posits that a person’s belief in their capabilities provide the foundation for performance and accomplishment. If a person has low self-efficacy (little belief in their capabilities) and fear related to the task at hand, they will likely avoid that task for fear of failure. Education programs using a self-efficacy framework focused on increasing participants self-efficacy through coaching, support, social modelling, and mastery experiences. Five studies referred to Roger’s Diffusion of Innovation theory [ 37 , 50 , 60 , 68 , 71 ], which posits that identifying and working with highly motivated individuals is an efficient way to promote the adoption of new behaviours and practices more widely [ 8 ].
Two studies were informed by the Advancing Research and Clinical practice through close Collaboration (ARCC) Model which is based on cognitive-behavioural theory and control theory, and therefore designed to address barriers to desired behaviours and practice [ 65 , 100 ]. Other programs described drew on the transtheoretical model of organisational change [ 62 ], Donald Ely’s conditions for change [ 37 ], the knowledge to action framework [ 52 ] and the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARiHS) Framework [ 72 ].
Mentoring was a feature of more than half of the programs ( n = 37). This is where novice researchers were paired with an experienced researcher, typically to support their application and practice of the knowledge gleaned through their education or training [ 101 ]. In three papers describing programs that did not include mentoring, this was identified as a critical element for future research education programs [ 37 , 78 , 92 ]. Several evaluations of programs that included mentoring illustrated that it was required throughout the life of the program and beyond [ 9 , 32 , 67 , 68 , 73 , 81 , 84 ]. Harding et al. [ 46 ] found that mentors as well as mentees, benefited from the research education program, in terms of their own learning and motivation.
Social theories of learning, or collaborative learning approaches, were also frequently utilised ( n = 40). Collaborative learning approaches are based on the notion that learning is a social activity at its core, shaped by context and community. Such approaches promote socialisation and require learners to collaborate as a group to solve problems, complete tasks, or understand new concepts. Collaborative approaches utilised included journal clubs [ 38 , 50 , 54 , 69 , 70 , 87 ], writing groups [ 32 , 51 ], classroom discussions [ 33 , 36 , 72 , 76 , 80 , 94 ], interactive group workshops or activities [ 29 , 31 , 46 , 47 , 56 , 75 , 82 , 84 , 86 , 93 ], and development of team research projects [ 78 , 79 ]. These approaches were often reported to enhance cultural support with participants networking, sharing resources, and celebrating successes together. One program employed a self-guided learning approach through the use of computer-based learning modules [ 55 ].
Less than half of the included papers accurately and comprehensively described the methodology and methods used to evaluate the research education program [ 9 , 30 , 38 , 46 , 54 – 56 , 60 – 63 , 65 , 69 – 71 , 75 , 77 , 79 , 82 , 84 – 86 , 89 , 100 , 102 ]. The remaining papers either referred to the data collection techniques used without describing the overarching approach or methodology. Therefore, in Table 3 rather than referring to the approach to program evaluation as quantitative, qualitative or mixed methods, reference is made to the data collection techniques (e.g., surveys, interviews, facilitator reflections, audit of research outputs).
Research education program evaluation and outcomes reported
Program | Evaluation data collection method and sample size | Primary outcome | Secondary and other outcome/s | Key findings |
---|---|---|---|---|
Research Nurse Internship [ ] | Author’s observations not stated | Observed outcomes | Participant feedback (informal) | 14 participants have pursued further formal nursing education, 22 presented at a national or local research or clinical practice conference Participants’ projects have led to impactful changes to clinical practice Participants’ feedback indicated the internship was useful in strengthening the link between research and practice, led to increased job satisfaction and a mechanism to develop clinical and research networks |
Basic Research Methodology for Nurses [ ] | Interviews combined close-ended and open-ended questions generating quantitative and qualitative data. 37 intervention 42 control | Self-reported research activity | Self-reported interest or commitment to research | Participants planned to engage in research Some completed research and published findings Research knowledge is important but not sufficient to realise more nurse-led research activity |
Critical appraisal of research workshop [ ] | Participant evaluation survey 23 | Satisfaction with program | Program evaluation | Workshop participants increased understanding of how research improves patient care Improved attitudes towards EBP Participants valued small group discussion |
Research Training Workshops [ ] | Informal quantitative data collection N/A | Summary of research outputs/ outcomes (grant funding secured, journal publications, conference papers, external grant funding) | N/A | Workshop participation led to external research grant funding success and nurse-led research publication in peer-reviewed journals |
Critical Research Reading Skills Study Day [ ] | Pre- and post- intervention surveys 19 | Critical appraisal of research skills (measured objectively using inter-rater comparison) | Self-reported frequency of use of published research papers (pre- and post-intervention) | Participants’ research critical appraisal skills increased Participants reported reading research more frequently and with greater confidence than before the study day Brief study days contribute to increasing nurses’ use of research in practice |
Raising Research Awareness Among Midwives and Nurses [ ] | Pre- and post-intervention survey 259 (intervention) 131 (control) | Awareness of research | Attitudes toward research and toward nurses who do research Barriers to reading or doing research Knowledge and use of research resources | Intervention led to increased self-reported use of research Staffing levels are a significant barrier to nurses doing research and that an enabling environment is critical It is integral to train and retain research-capable nurses |
Dissemination and Utilization of Research Findings in Clinical Nursing Practice [ ] | Focus groups 10 (2 groups of 5, repeated either 9 or 10 times, throughout program) | Participants’ experiences of disseminating and implementing research in their setting | Organisational factors including workload, resources, competing priorities, other changes and level of manager interest and support, influenced participants’ capacity to disseminate and implement research into practice Becoming a change agent was challenging and accompanied by feelings of guilt and that implementing EBP is not seen as real work by colleague Some wards were supportive of innovation Manager support, leadership, and a learning culture are critical to participants’ ability to apply their new research knowledge and skills in practice | |
Research Utilization Workshops [ ] | Pre-workshop interview Post-workshop focus groups Post-workshop survey not stated (pre-workshop interview) not stated (post-workshop focus groups) i173 (survey) | Satisfaction with program (workshop content, presentation, value, meeting objectives) | Perceptions of research Self-reported confidence and skill development | Most participants rated the workshop highly, would recommend to a colleague, and considered the objectives were met Participants developed positive attitudes towards research, felt motived, and perceived that their research skills were strengthened following the workshop |
Research Workshop [ ] | Pre- and post-intervention survey i31 | Self-efficacy (perceived ability to participate in or initiate research) | Subsequent development of nurse-led research projects | Participants reported enhanced research-related self-efficacy Some went on to engage in research activities Participating nurses may influence their peers to engage in research |
Research Utilization Course [ ] | Surveys post-course Interviews 6- and 12-months post course not stated (surveys) 21 (interviews) | Satisfaction with program | Self-reported outcomes of course Barriers and facilitators of project completion | Participants were satisfied with the course and valued the small class size and mentoring aspects Three participants completed projects as proposed, five were in progress, seven began a new course, nine engaged in EBP, five published papers, and two presented their projects at conferences Barriers to project completion included a lack of administerial support within the clinical environment, competing priorities and difficulties with implementation and sustaining practice change Facilitators to project completion included a supportive institutional environment, peer and multidisciplinary support, and autonomy |
Practice Nurse Clinical Research Workshops [ ] | Post workshop survey i89 | Satisfaction with program | Self-reported confidence and competence to engage in research | Most participants considered the workshops to be ‘excellent’ or ‘good’; some reported feeling more confident and competent to engage in research Program provided pilot data for future research training and education programs |
Research and Evaluation Capacity-Building Program in the Community Health Sector [ ] | Cooperative action research drawing on data collected via informal conversations with staff, journal entries, interviews, and recordings of meetings not stated | Self-reported confidence and knowledge of how to undertake research and evaluation projects | Organisational capacity/ infrastructure (e.g., intranet page devoted to research and evaluation) | Training alone was insufficient to develop sufficient confidence and competence to undertake research independently Coaching, and mentoring is an important component in research capacity-building programs A framework aided the implementation the service wide RCB program |
Research courses and journal clubs [ ] | Survey (open and closed questions) at 3 time points (pre-, immediately post- and then one year after program) i81 control i89 intervention | Research knowledge (measured objectively) | Self-reported knowledge, skills, and attitudes Research-related activity | Intervention led to improved nursing research capability, knowledge, and skills Control groups nurses’ research skills and knowledge remained unchanged however, their attitudes towards research were significantly better after the intervention Intervention had an extended effect on all nurses, highlighting the influence contextual factors have on individuals’ research capability |
Intensive Research and Management Capacity-building Program for Hospital Health Care Professionals [ ] | Case study draws attendance data, characteristics of attendees, projects submitted, attendance and drop-out rates, satisfaction surveys inot stated | Submission / completion of research projects (i.e., final certification) | Satisfaction with course (surveys) | Program promoted active and enduring participation and influenced behaviour change Almost half of the research teams submitted a completed research paper Participants satisfied with course content |
Publishing Short Course [ ] | Survey i 32 | Self-reported outcomes (perceptions of publishing, intention to use knowledge) and satisfaction with course | Average 4/5 for each domain; authors surmised that the course had little impact on participants’ perceptions of publishing Interaction/ discussion throughout the course indicated engagement with new knowledge of publishing | |
Leadership Journal Club [ ] | Survey i20 | Satisfaction with JC and self-reported outcomes (changes in research appraisal skills) | Engagement /attendance Tangible outcomes | Participants self-reported increased knowledge, satisfaction with setting (hospital) and competence of leader Areas for improvement were enhancing the environment for leadership decision making (2 goals of the journal club) and improved teaching methods Good engagement and attendance (approx. 20 at each JC) Three tangible outcomes: evidence-based fact sheet/recommendations for shift staff; 1 manuscript; and a statistical review of performance indicators presented by participants |
12-Week Allied Health Research Training Scheme [ ] | Pre- and post- survey (Research Spider tool) and interviews with participants and mentors i12 (6 mentors, 6 mentees interviewed) i7 mentees (survey) | Qualitative analysis of experiences and perceived benefits of the program (mentors and mentees) | Research confidence, experience, and interest (pre-and post-program) | Numerous participant-reported benefits of program including exposure to and recognition by colleagues within and beyond their organisation; networking with other clinicians from different disciplines, and influencing clinical practice through their research Mentors also benefited from the experience Program was too intensive for some participants; some were less supported by their manager/organisation Research confidence increased after the training One systematic review was accepted for publication, two were under peer review and another had an abstract published |
Computer-Based Learning EBP Program [ ] | Pre- and post-surveys (Evidence-Based Nursing Questionnaire) i744 (baseline) i314 (intervention/ post-training) | EBP knowledge, attitudes, and skills | Organisational readiness (for EBP) | Program led to increased self-reported EBP knowledge, attitude, and skill and their perceptions of organisational readiness for EBP Computer-based program negated the need for travel and provided for flexibility in meeting learners’ needs |
Designated Research Team [ ] | Non-randomised, matched-pair trial using the validated research capacity and culture (RCC) tool/survey pre- and post-intervention i37 (4 teams) intervention 32 (4 teams) control | Individual, team and organisational research capacity and culture domains | N/A | Program led to improved individual research skills and to a lesser extent, improved team, and organisational capacity to support research The more cogent impact on individual RCB attributed to the focus of the intervention on skill development and application to individual projects, as opposed to broader policy and practice change |
Masterclass on Scientific Research Training for Public Health Professionals [ ] | Surveys Focus groups Engagement and retention i16 (surveys) 16 (focus groups) | Satisfaction with masterclass content, organisation, and facilities | Participant experiences during the masterclass Self-reported skill development | Fourteen participants fulfilled the requirements for a masterclass certificate Fourteen draft manuscripts were underway, with more than 20 delivering oral presentations Participants had generally positive experiences of the masterclass and felt equipped and confident to conduct research Permission to attend the masterclass and social support from managers and colleagues were key facilitators to engaging in the course |
Critical Appraisal Module [ ] | Survey Author/facilitator reflections not stated | Satisfaction with program | Self-reported critical appraisal knowledge Self-reported perception of future impact on practice | Most participants rated the session 5 of 5, reported increased knowledge following workshops and perceived the workshops would impact clinical practice Timing and location of training supports health professional attendance Workshops deemed effective when participants are from mixed disciplines and engaged in a clinical scenario |
QMC Nursing Research Fellowship [ ] | Proposal submission Program evaluation survey not stated | Number of participants that submitted fellowship grant proposals | Satisfaction with program (quantitative measures and qualitative feedback) | Six fellows submitted a grant proposal, five were funded Fellows were satisfied that the program objectives were met and were satisfied with education providers/presenters Fellows required more individualized mentoring than was offered |
Advancing Research and Clinical practice through close Collaboration (ARCC) Model [ ] | Pre- and post- EBP Beliefs Scale, EBP Implementation scale, Group Cohesion Scale, Index of work Satisfaction (surveys) Nurse productivity audit Nurse attrition audit 22 intervention 24 control | EBP beliefs and practices | Group cohesion Job satisfaction Productivity Nurse staff attrition | The ARCC intervention group achieved significant improvements in their EBP beliefs and practices There were no significant differences between the ARCC and the control group regarding group cohesion, job satisfaction or productivity Less was attrition observed in the sites where the ARCC participants worked Mentorship is a key strategy for enhancing nurses’ EBP beliefs and implementation |
Radiography Research Course [ ] | Course evaluation form Author/facilitator reflections not stated | Satisfaction with program | N/A | Participants saw value in having the opportunity for independent study during the course but noted the course content was rushed at times Participants demonstrated commitment to research and clinical governance Authors reflected that the course resulted in strengthened relationships between involved organisations and increased awareness of relevant research for practice |
Evidence-Based Practice Workshop [ ] | Pre- and post-workshop adapted Fresno test and a bespoke survey Activity diaries 114 (baseline) 106 (post-training) 51 (8-months post) | EBP knowledge (objective) | Attitudes toward EBP and behaviour change | Program led to increased EBP knowledge and self-reported confidence in engaging in EBP Critical appraisal remained a challenge for many participants and research utilisation (behaviour change) was low at baseline and did not change after the program |
Clinical Research Fellowship Programme [ ] | Survey 8 | Self-reported frequency of dissemination of project findings | Self-reported use of critical appraisal skills in practice Self-reported personal and professional program outcomes | Most projects were presented at national or international conferences and/or written into manuscripts for publication Most projects impacted clinician practice, except one where ward support was low Participants increased confidence to engage in a multidisciplinary research team. Some participants adopted critical appraisal in practice, took on research roles and completed research degrees following the program Participants felt safe, supported, and encouraged by the program cohort |
Practice-Oriented Research Training (PORT) Program [ ] | Survey 11 | Self-reported research skill development | Qualitative feedback Grant submissions | Participants reported improvements in research skill Mentor support, grant/proposal writing, research fundamentals and sharing proposals were considered of most value Nine participants submitted grant and research proposals, all of whom had pre-existing research ideas |
Speech and Language Therapy Research Training Program [ ] | Pre-test post-test cluster RCT using a process-based audit tool to examine case notes Interviews to determine cost data types Strategy A: 325 patients (pre- training audit) 274 (post- training audit) Strategy B: 339 (pre-training audit) 304 (post-training audit) not stated interviews | Pre- and post-intervention audit of adherence to clinical guidelines | Resource requirement of the two strategies | Departments that received management training and critical appraisal training engaged more with research information although these practices did not impact changes in clinical practice six months following the intervention No relationship was observed between strategy cost and clinical outcome Management support for guidelines adherence and other organisational features may have influenced the findings |
Writing for Publication Programme [ ] | Writing outcomes Evaluation survey Focus groups Attendance records 37 (survey) 9 (focus groups) | Submissions to peer-reviewed journals | Satisfaction with program (quantitative measures and qualitative feedback) Experience of program Number of participants that attended four or more sessions | Four participants met the program objective: to publish a peer-reviewed paper and more than half were actively writing papers Participants valued to relaxed learning environment, peer and professional support Approximately half of the participants attended four or more sessions |
Bedside to Byline [ ] | Pre- and post- intervention surveys 11 (pre-intervention) 8 (post-intervention) | Writing self-efficacy | Manuscripts developed/ published Satisfaction with program | Program addressed barriers to nurses achieving scholarly publications Improved writing self-efficacy Participants preferred shorter workshops (i.e., 4 rather than 8 hours) and valued the peer learning environment Successful scholarly publication for some participants |
Critical Reading of Research Publications Plus course [ ] | Pre- and post-program Nursing Research Self-Efficacy scale (surveys) 17 | Research self-efficacy | Satisfaction with program (qualitative feedback) | Program led to a significant increase in research self-efficacy in quantitative methods, using theory, and evidence Course enabled attainment of new knowledge and increased research confidence in positive environment A research role model promoted a sense of safety for participants to engage with research |
Nursing Research Fellowship Program [ ] | Pre- and post-intervention surveys Qualitative feedback Observed outcomes 7 | Self-reported research knowledge and skills | Self-reported experiences of the fellowship program | Participants reported improved research knowledge and skills Fellowship projects led to numerous research outputs including conference presentations and publications The program led to observed evidence-based changes to practice |
Accelerated EBP Educational Program [ ] | Pre- and post-intervention surveys using the EBP Beliefs (EBPB) and EBP Implementation (EBPI) Scales 49 | Self-reported beliefs about EBP | Self-reported implementation of EBP | Nurses that were and were not familiar with EBP prior to the program improved their awareness of EBP Administrative support was a positive influence on nurses’ willingness to engage in EBP Breaking learning opportunities into manageable components was considered beneficial |
Nursing Research Internship Program [ ] | Interviews (method) and then findings were quantified 10 | Self-reported engagement in research or other research-related activities post-internship | Changes in attitudes toward research and practice change | Internship increased literature search activity, comfort in critically appraising research evidence, and in the application of research in practice Decreases in previously identified barriers to EBP Manager support was integral to the success of the program |
Teaching Practice-Generated Research Skills [ ] | Pre- and post- survey not stated | Attendance rate/ engagement | Research knowledge objectively evaluated (study design, statistics, and epidemiology) Research activity Research outputs (conference presentations) | Participants learned and applied new research knowledge to their own research activities Research knowledge increased post-training Engagement in the program was evident by consistent attendance and completion of tasks Local, clinician-led research activities were progressed because of the research skills classes |
Pharmacy Practice Research Capacity Building Programme [ ] | Pre- and post-program surveys 24 | Objective measures of research skills | Self-reported research competency and confidence in research planning and conduct Training preferences | Mean overall increase in participants’ objective research skills Self-reported competence and confidence to plan and conduct research improved significantly Lack of time was reported as the main barrier to research activity |
Research Education Intervention [ ] | Surveys Focus groups 32 | Self-reported relevance of education program to practice | Barriers (individual and contextual) to participation in the education program | Some participants developed new perspectives on nursing research in practice, others were unable to see the relevance of research to nursing practice Barriers such as personal factors and a lack of manager and collegial support, inhibited research engagement |
Research Training for Point-of-Care Clinicians [ ] | Pre- and post- surveys measured at three time points (baseline, 3-months post training, and completion of project) and focus groups/ interviews six months-post training 136 | Self-reported research knowledge, willingness, and ability | Benefits, impacts of, and challenges associated with the education program | Research knowledge improved significantly; research ability improved at the completion of the project, but no significant improvement in willingness to engage in research was observed across the three survey timepoints Program provided an important opportunity for clinicians to learn about research and promoted excitement about research and clinical work Training was also perceived to benefit the organisation by showcasing research activity, promoting new collaborations, and increasing engagement in EBP Mentors were considered invaluable in helping participants navigate challenges associated with research and EBP |
Nurse Research Internship [ ] | Participant scores (pre- and immediately post-internship) and evaluation survey post-internship 14 | Self-reported outcomes | Satisfaction with internship Pre- and post- internship quiz grade | Interns reported improved research skills Most had conducted literature searches, used library resources, analysed data, and participated in a journal club after the internship With the input and availability of the librarian, research internships increased nurses’ library-related research skills |
Nursing Research and EBP Mentorship Program [ ] | Pre- and 3-month post- mentorship program EBPQ survey 197 (pre) 194 (post) | Knowledge, attitudes, skills in EBP | N/A | Program mentees reported significant improvements in their EBP knowledge, attitude, and practice three months after the program Mentees’ colleagues also reported increased EBP knowledge and practice Mentees became EBP advocates, and this diffusion of knowledge led to improved organisational EBP culture |
Flexible Research Program for Social Workers [ ] | Pre- and post- program surveys 17 (pre) 12 (post) | Research confidence | Challenges while doing research Enablers of research activity Importance of being involved in research (thematic analysis) | Twelve individual or group projects were developed Participants’ self-reported confidence levels increased in all areas of research Challenges to research were limited time/competing priorities, limited skills, experience, and access to resources Enablers were access to the research lead, mentoring and active involvement in research Flexible approach to training delivery enhanced participant engagement |
Writing for Publication Bootcamp (teleconference delivery) [ ] | Writing outcomes audit Surveys 62 (control) 50 (intervention) 29 survey participants | Publication rates | WFP efficacy (knowledge, experience, and confidence) WFP bootcamp evaluation surveys Cost evaluation | Program led to increased publication rates for novice researchers Led to increased knowledge, experience, and confidence in writing for publication Participants valued the opportunity to share and receive critical feedback with and from peers and the facilitator High participant retention rate and satisfaction Cost of program per publication was $230 |
Research Outreach Ward-based Seminar (ROWS) program [ ] | Survey 78 | Satisfaction with program | Self-reported barriers and enablers to engaging in research activity Self-reported impact of program on clinical practice | Brief nature of the program helped participants overcome time as a barrier to engage with research and enhanced access to research training Participants recognised the importance of research in nursing practice Knowledge gap remains as to how to integrate EBP activities into clinical areas |
Pharmacy Practice Research Training Workshop, Qatar [ ] | Pre- and post-program survey i47 (pre) i37 (post) | Attainment of learning outcomes | Experiences of program Confidence to undertake research | The course was oversubscribed and well-attended Most participants agreed that all learning outcomes were achieved and felt confident to engage in research activity |
SPICE+B [ ] | Pre- and post- program surveys 730 (pre) i420 (post) i163 (impact, 1–5 years post-program) | Satisfaction with program content and delivery | Effect of program on participant development, practice, and future research engagement | Participants were satisfied with course content and delivery, particularly the hybrid in-person classes and online resources The short and longer-term evaluations were similar however in the longer term, many participants reported gaining the knowledge to pursue research opportunities Suggested improvements to the program include content on statistical software and greater emphasis on practice sessions |
Primary and Community Health Research Unit (PCHRU) Researcher Mentoring Program [ ] | Case study combining research outputs, participant feedback Focus groups 32 (6 project teams) | Research outputs (abstracts accepted, presentations, informal dissemination, and peer-reviewed publication) | Research activity (data collection and analysis) Participant-perceived research facilitators and barriers | Participating teams attained ethics approval, completed data collection, and commenced data analysis Enablers to research progress were supportive managers, networking, and mentor support Barriers to research progress were poor access to research infrastructure, lack of access to validated research tools, insufficient time, and difficulty navigating research ethics and governance systems |
Researcher Education Program and Mentor Program [ ] | Case study drew on data gathered via 1) study day and master class participant surveys and 2) pre- and post-program surveys of participants and mentors Authors reflect on some of the impacts of the program > 500 program participants | Program evaluation/ satisfaction with program | Self-reported research knowledge, confidence, and skills | Program increased participants’ confidence to pursue research activity Provided opportunities for critical thinking and reflection Promoted research leadership and research capacity within the health district/ organisation |
Research Education Intervention [ ] | Pre-and post- program surveys (Edmonton Research Orientation Survey – EROS Tool) at 3 time points; research proposal submission and summary of the feedback provided. 194 survey participants at 3 time points (control and intervention) 15 intervention participants | Attitudes and orientation to research (EROS) scores (at three time points) | Completion of a research proposal by intervention participants | Program led to the completion of several research studies (at one site) Ongoing support and mentoring are required for novice researchers to complete a research output An inverse association between higher EROS scores (i.e., a more positive orientation towards research) and no research activity, indicating that other factors were more influential on research activity Novice researchers working in teams were more likely to produce a research proposal |
Qualitative Research Methodology and Methods (QRM) Training Program [ ] | Ethnographic study (observations and interviews) 15 (including facilitator) | Educational, motivational, group-related, and organizational factors influencing skill acquisition and attitudes toward QRM | N/A | Experiential learning was effective in shifting participants’ mindsets about qualitative methodology Barriers to conduct qualitative research were related to time and the reputation qualitative research has among healthcare professionals Participants completed research projects which were shared with colleagues and managers |
Writing for Publication Program [ ] | Action research that drew of pre- and post-program surveys, post-workshop focus groups and facilitator reflections 9 | Self-reported changes to writing for publication skills | Manuscript completion/ submission | Participants reported improved writing-for-publication Two submitted manuscripts to peer-reviewed journals Factors enabling manuscript completion were protected writing time, accountability to the mentors and clear, appropriate program timelines |
Structure Professional Writing Retreat [ ] | Survey and quantification of research outputs. 10 writing groups (4–8 nurses in each) | Research outputs: manuscripts submitted for publication, conference presentations, development of projects | Participant evaluation data on writing retreat purpose and objectives, consultants’ performance, and learning environment | Program led to the development of 9 manuscripts submitted for publication (4 accepted), other research outputs (oral and poster presentations) and the development of 2 nurse-led studies Mentors were integral to the progress of participants’ manuscripts |
Practice-Based Research Challenge [ ] | Survey 14 | Perceived benefits of program | Perceived challenges associated with program participation | Participants reported gaining research knowledge, skills, and experience, professional development, and improving patient care Challenges related to the time commitment required of the program, recruiting research participants, and analysing data Access to a research mentor was considered a key enabler |
Hope Research Community of Practice [ ] | Interviews 5 | Participants’ confidence and competence to complete a research project | Essential component parts of building a community of practice Project completion Supports and challenges that influenced project completion | There were three withdrawals from the program and four that were sustained Participants described feeling more competent and confident in their ability to conduct research Challenges to nurses engaging in research remain despite engagement in the HRCoP |
CAHE Journal Club [ ] | Pre- and post- EBP surveys (Adapted Fresno Test and EBP Uptake) 12 JCs 93 | Objective EBP knowledge and skills | Self-reported EBP uptake (behaviours, attitudes to, and perceived knowledge of EBP) | Program led to increases in EBP knowledge and behaviour outcomes across the allied health professions, with some showing more consistent improvements across the domains (physiotherapy) JCs are an effective teaching method that can incorporate principles of adult learning Barriers to research uptake were addressed through the collaborative learning between CAHE researchers and JC clinicians |
Clinical Nurse Research Fellows Program [ ] | Informal measure of program outcomes 6 | Research outputs (successful grants, grant applications, practice change, and subsequent research) | N/A | One nurse fellow was awarded a research grant, and another was encouraged to apply One project formed the foundation of a multicentre study, and two others were expected to inform health practice change The program was resource intensive |
Nursing Research Fellowship [ ] | Records of ethical approval of research projects and research dissemination 18 | Number of projects with ethics approval | Research dissemination (via conferences and manuscripts) Grant funding awarded Cost of fellowships | Participants/ fellows each established a research project Research was disseminated internally by almost all participants; more than half presented externally and Twenty-one manuscripts were submitted |
Research Education Lecture Series [ ] | Retrospective pre-and six-month post-program survey 49 | Self-reported research experience: writing a protocol, qualitative and quantitative research methods, publishing research, writing a research report, analysing and interpreting data, generating research ideas, applying for research funding | Intent to become involved in research: applying for research funding, analysing qualitative or quantitative data, writing a research protocol, writing a literature review, submitting an ethics application, writing for publication, collecting data Current involvement in research | Increased self-reported experience and engagement in research six months post-training Increased intent to become involved in research Increased experience and intent to engage in a wide range of research activities were reported (e.g., protocol development, ethics application, research activity, funding submissions) Training acted as a catalyst for participant with pre-existing interest in research to initiate research |
Tailored EBP Education [ ] | Pre- and post-training surveys (Evidence-based Practice Confidence scale, adapted Fresno test, and adapted EBP Implementation Scale) and focus groups 16 (surveys) 7 (focus groups) | EBP self-efficacy, knowledge (objective) and skills | Integration of learnings into practice (self-reported behaviour change) | Tailored education was deemed to be feasible for clinicians to participate in, and led to improvements in self-reported EBP self-efficacy and behaviour Increased EBP knowledge and skills were evident across the five EBP steps Self-reported EBP behaviour change was sustained three months post-training |
EBP Education and Mentoring Program [ ] | Pre- and post-program EBP Questionnaire (EBPQ) 9 | Self-reported EBP knowledge and skills, practice, and attitudes towards EBP | Total EBP scores increased after the program, with the largest increases seen in the EBP knowledge and skills domain Participants attitudes did not improve significantly after the program which is likely due to their already positive attitudes EBP changes were observed, although it was recognised that the program is resource intensive Manager support for the program was key to its success | |
Course on Research Skills (Pilot) [ ] | Course evaluation survey 69 | Effectiveness of sessions | Intentions to change practice (qualitative) | Participants reported high effectiveness of the sessions and provided positive feedback on their experiences Participants anticipated changes to their practice as a result of the program |
EBP and Research Utilization Education [ ] | Single blind RCT Pre- and post-intervention Evidence-Based Readiness Inventory survey (baseline, 1-week post, 8-weeks post, and 4-months post) 43 (intervention) 34 (control) | EBP confidence / self-efficacy | EBP knowledge (objective) | Both the intervention and control groups demonstrated increased confidence in EBP and objective EBP knowledge after participation in the education program |
Rural Research Capacity Building Program [ ] | Pre- and post- survey (Research Spider tool) 130 | Self-reported research experience across 10 research domains | N/A | Increased self-reported experience across all 10 research domains Greatest change in research protocol development and report-writing which aligned with components of the training |
Centre for Research Excellence Rural Research Capacity Building Program [ ] | Pre- and post- survey (Research Spider tool) Evaluation survey 7 (trainees) 4 (managers) 8 (facilitators) | Self-reported outcomes | Self-reported research experience across 10 research domains | Two trainees completed research reports at the end of the 2-year program, 4 presented research in a scientific forum and several had progressed their manuscripts The combination of education, mentoring, manager, and workplace support enabled trainees to persevere with their research Participants’ self-reported research experience improved after the program |
PEAK (Physical therapist driven Education for Actionable Knowledge translation) Program [ , ] | Pre- and post-surveys (EBP Beliefs Scale, Evidence-based Practice Confidence Scale, modified Fresno test, and the EBP Implementation Scale, self-reported participation in EBP) Interviews/focus groups 18 | EBP self-efficacy, knowledge (objective) and skills | Self-reported behaviour change | Program improved EBP self-efficacy and self-reported behaviours Collaborative nature of the program was considered particularly valuable Additional support is needed to enhance knowledge and skills related to statistics |
Systematic Review Workshop [ ] | Researchers’ observations (action research) Outputs produced | Challenges and enablers | Publications | 233 participants produced 414 research questions, and approximately one third of participants completed the workshop 13 peer-reviewed articles were published as a result of the workshop (a 3-fold increase on prior to workshops) Lack of time due to competing clinical demands was a common reason for program non-completion |
TREAT (Tailoring Research Evidence and Theory) Journal Clubs [ ] | A cluster RCT with nested focus group for intervention group Pre- and post-intervention EBP survey with additional items measuring satisfaction 41 (survey: intervention) 39 (survey: control) 8 (focus group) | EBP practice, attitudes, and knowledge of EBP (EBP questionnaire) | Competence in EBP (Assessing competence in evidence-based practice [ACE] tool) Clinician experiences of journal clubs (focus groups) Satisfaction with program Self-reported changes to clinical practice | EBP skills were maintained in participants of both journal club formats TREAT journal club participants were more satisfied with the format than those in the control group TREAT journal club participants valued the presence of an academic facilitator, the collaborative approach to critical appraisal, and structured tools to guide journal paper appraisal Standard JC participants made more changes to practice than TREAT participants Delivery of a structured, evidence-based journal club was deemed feasible |
Hybrid Model Journal Club [ ] | Pre- and post- program survey and evaluation survey 26 (EBP survey) 21 (evaluation survey) | EBP use | Satisfaction with program Attendance | Slight improvements in EBP use and behaviours Participants in both modes (in-person and online) were satisfied with the program Attendance was more consistent for the in-person group |
Training and Mentoring Program [ ] | Pre- and post-program surveys Qualitative interviews 21 (1-year surveys) 6 (2-year follow-up surveys) not stated for interviews | Surveys Research knowledge, confidence, behaviour, utilization, satisfaction, sustainability | Interviews Self-reported impact of research findings on practice Dissemination (in-service, conferences, posters) Facilitators for learning Barriers to learning Barriers to research (thematic analysis) | Program extended participants’ knowledge, skills and confidence in evaluation and research Participants applied the learnings directly to locally relevant research topics Role of mentorship (formal and informal) across the life of the project was found to be critical Peer relationships influenced participants’ commitment to completing projects |
Most programs were evaluated using surveys ( n = 51), some of these in combination with other outcome measures. More than half of the program evaluations ( n = 38) used pre- and post-intervention surveys. Other evaluation methods included interviews, focus groups, attendance rates, and outcomes audits (e.g., ethics applications, manuscripts submitted for peer review or published, grant applications, grants awarded, or adherence to evidence-based guidelines). Twelve evaluation studies included a control group [ 36 , 38 , 51 , 60 , 65 , 68 – 70 , 77 , 79 , 86 , 100 ]. Three evaluations were informal and did not explicitly draw on evaluation data but rather on general feedback, authors’ own reflections and observations, including observed research progress [ 35 , 37 , 94 ]. Evaluation of the longer-term outcomes were described in seven papers, where surveys were undertaken or outcomes were otherwise measured between one and 5 years after the programs were completed [ 44 , 51 , 76 , 84 , 85 , 89 , 93 ].
Program outcome measures were mapped to Barr et al.’s modified Kirkpatrick educational outcomes typology [ 27 ]. The typology categorises educational outcomes reported according to their level of impact. The outcomes levels range from individual learner-level outcomes through to the impact of educational program on their organisation and healthcare consumer outcomes. See Table 4 below for descriptions of the outcome levels and the corresponding citations.
Evaluation outcomes according to Barr et al.’s modified Kirkpatrick typology
Level and label | Description | Citations |
---|---|---|
1: Reaction | Participants’ experiences of, or satisfaction with the research education program | [ , – , – , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] |
2a: Attitudes toward research | Participants’ self-reported changes in research attitudes | [ , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] |
2b: Knowledge, skills, or confidence | Self-reported changes in research knowledge, skills, or confidence Objective measures of research knowledge or skills | [ , , – , , , – , , , , , , – , , – , , , , , , , , – , , ] [ , , , , , , , – , ] |
3: Behaviour | Self-reported changes in research activity / behaviour Observed behaviours / research outputs (e.g., protocols, manuscripts, conference presentations, grants) | [ , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] [ , , , , , , , , , , , – , ] |
4a: Organisational culture or practice | Changes in organisational research culture or practice (e.g., new research infrastructure, networks, or impact on program participants’ colleagues / teams) | [ , , , , , , , , , ] |
4b: Health consumer outcomes | None reported | Not applicable |
Almost all program evaluations included a mix of outcome measure types or levels. In addition to the modified Kirkpatrick level outcomes, other types of outcomes and impacts were measured and reported. Program participant engagement was measured and reported with reference to interest and uptake, attendance, and drop-out rates in five evaluations [ 48 , 54 , 74 , 78 , 87 ]. Twelve program evaluations explored participants’ experiences or perspectives of barriers to engaging in research in their health setting [ 34 , 36 , 49 , 56 , 71 , 77 , 81 , 82 , 84 , 86 , 88 , 89 ] and four evaluations included program cost calculations [ 51 , 60 , 83 , 90 ]. One evaluation measured group cohesion, participant (nurse) productivity and nursing staff retention [ 100 ].
Programs that were evaluated over a longer period demonstrated a high success rate with respect to manuscript publication [ 34 , 51 , 76 ], longer term development of research skills, experience, and engagement [ 44 , 84 , 89 ], and highlighted the value of mentoring to participants’ enduring engagement with research and to their development of research confidence and leadership skills [ 84 ]. One evaluation study included administrative leaders [ 89 ], one included training participants’ managers [ 93 ], however none included senior executives or healthcare consumers.
To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first systematic scoping review of the research education literature. The findings of the review support existing evidence of the continued relevance of research education and training to RCB endeavours [ 2 , 16 ]. Indeed, research education appears to be a mainstay RCB strategy over the last five decades. This review sought to explore the features or characteristics of research education and training programs delivered to nurses and allied health professionals working in health settings in HICs, the pedagogical principles or learning theories underpinning the programs, how programs were evaluated, and the types of outcomes reported.
Common features and approaches to the delivery of research education were identified. Some common pedagogical features of research education programs: multifaceted delivery to allow for flexibility in engaging with the program and content [ 5 , 103 ], experiential learning [ 2 , 103 ] and social or collaborative learning principles [ 103 ]. These underpinning principles were implied more frequently than they were explicitly stated. The integration of mentoring to reinforce the knowledge gleaned through research education programs appears to be a critical element and a key component of contemporary research education and capacity building [ 2 , 3 , 104 ].
This review also highlights some differences in the programs, particularly in terms of duration, which varied from single sessions or workshops to three-year programs. The curricula or educational content tended to reflect the aims of the programs which mapped to two different levels of engagement with research: research use or consumption and research activity. Some programs were specifically focused on advanced research skills, namely writing for publication, which is a particularly challenging aspect of the research process for clinicians [ 7 , 51 ].
Findings indicate that organisational context and support are pivotal to the cultivation of and completion of research activity [ 2 , 6 , 7 , 49 , 77 , 84 , 88 , 105 ]. Although this review focused specifically on papers describing research education programs targeting individual-level research capacity, there were several organisation-related factors that were integrated into the programs. Middle or executive level manager support for program participants was evident in numerous papers either through explicit support or permission, or positive role modelling. This resonates with the findings of existing evidence related to organisational factors enabling research [ 7 , 106 , 107 ]. Schmidt and colleagues [ 106 ] have previously highlighted a lack of managerial support for research training participants and their projects, as a factor influencing withdrawal. Several programs incorporated events or other opportunities for participants to present their work or to be otherwise recognised [ 37 , 46 , 54 , 66 , 80 – 83 ]. This facilitated organisation-level acknowledgement and celebration of individuals’ research activity and achievement, reinforcing organisational support for research [ 2 ].
This scoping review highlights some evidence of the impact of research education beyond the individual participants, and on their colleagues and organisations more broadly. This broader impact can be attributed to participants actively sharing their new knowledge and skills with their colleagues and teams [ 108 ]. Roger’s Diffusion of Innovation Theory can also underpin RCB strategies that are targeted at the individual level and explain how and why they have a broader impact on organisational research capacity and culture [ 104 ].
Research education program outcome measures tend to reflect lower levels of Kirkpatrick’s modified typology, with comparatively few studies reporting organisation-level impacts and none reporting health consumer outcomes. Although it is recognised that measuring and demonstrating direct links between RCB initiatives and health consumer outcomes is difficult [ 109 ], RCB initiatives including research training typically aim to promote the delivery of evidence-informed care, which in turn improves health consumer outcomes [ 110 ]. Some program evaluations included self-reported measures by participants that did not engage in the research education program, providing for comparisons between groups. Senior and executive managers, and healthcare consumers, however, were not involved in any evaluations reported. This limits knowledge of the outcomes and impacts beyond the individual participant level. Moreover, the program evaluation methods were generally poorly described. This is somewhat paradoxical, given the subject matter, however it is not a problem unique to research education and capacity building. Indeed poor evaluation is a widespread problem evident in multiple key healthcare areas such as Aboriginal Health in Australia [ 111 ] supportive care services for vulnerable populations [ 112 ], and in continuing education for healthcare professionals [ 113 ]. Factors contributing to poor program evaluation likely include time constraints, inaccessible data, and inadequate evaluation capacity and skills, as described in other scoping reviews of health and health professions education programs [ 111 – 113 ].
Although it is encouraging to see broadening interest in RCB initiatives for the nursing and allied health professions including research education, investment in rigorous, carefully planned, broadly targeted and long-term evaluation is required. This will ensure that research education programs maximise the outcomes for individuals and organisations and the most crucial impact on health consumer outcomes can be measured.
The strengths of this scoping review are the adherence to an established and systematic approach and the wide and comprehensive search including 11 research databases, multiple grey literature databases and search engines. The methodological and content expertise within the research team, including expertise in scoping review, systematic review, realist review methodologies and research education and capacity building strategies strengthened the rigour of the review. Moreover, the consultation with content experts during the development of the search strategy ensured the review was well-informed and shaped to meet the needs of those concerned with RCB.
Nonetheless, this review is limited by several factors. Research education, training, and RCB more broadly are poorly defined concepts [ 2 ], as such, it is acknowledged that the search strategy was developed in such a way that it may not have resulted in the retrieval of all relevant literature. This is acceptable, given the scoping review aimed to provide an overview of the breadth and depth of the literature and used content expertise to balance the comprehensiveness of the review with the capacity to answer research questions [ 114 ]. It is, however, recommended that the findings of this review inform a more focused and systematic review of the literature.
It is well-established that research education and training alone, do not sufficiently influence research capacity and capability at an individual or organisational level [ 1 , 7 ]. Indeed, barriers to nurse and allied health-led research include time constraints, demanding clinical workloads, enduring workforce shortages, a lack of organisational support and research culture, funding, and inadequate research knowledge and skills, persist [ 7 , 12 , 39 , 47 , 115 ]. These factors were not analysed as part of the review. The explicit focus on research education meant that some RCB strategies with education as a component may have been missed.
The authorship team were situated in Australia, with limited knowledge of other, complementary search engines internationally and lacked the resources to execute extensive international grey literature searches. These limited grey literature searches introduce a level of publication bias. Publications in languages other than English were excluded for reasons related to feasibility and limited resourcing. Through engagement with content experts early in the review, it was noted that many education programs are not formally documented, evaluated, or published in peer-reviewed or grey literature and therefore not accessible to others outside the organisation. This means that the review of published literature may not entirely represent research education programs in health settings.
Research education is a cornerstone RCB strategy for nurses and allied health professionals working in health settings. Education is typically aimed at enhancing individual clinician-level RCB however, there is some evidence that the outcomes of individual-level research education can influence organisational research capacity and culture. Moreover, strategies targeted at the organisational level can be integrated into research education programs. Mentoring, experiential, and collaborative learning have gained recognition as key features of research education programs and facilitate the application of new knowledge and skills in practice. Evaluation continues to focus on lower levels of educational impact or traditional research outputs; there is need for greater attention to organisational culture, longer-term capacity building outcomes and health consumer impacts. Approaches to the evaluation of research education programs should incorporate the experiences and perspectives of managers, executives, health consumers and other stakeholders concerned with research capacity and the delivery of evidence-informed care. This will ensure that RCB strategies and initiatives with greater impact at the individual and organisational level can be supported and that the impact of such initiatives can be measured at the population health level.
The authors acknowledge and sincerely thank Sarah Hayman and Helen Skoglund, Research Librarians at Barwon Health for their invaluable contributions to developing the literature search strategy, conducting the scoping and initial literature searches and retrieval process. They also thank the expert panel for their invaluable contributions in shaping the review.
Olivia King (PhD) is Manager of Research Capability Building for Western Alliance.
Emma West is a PhD scholarship holder and research assistant at Deakin University and Program Officer, Research Capability Building for Western Alliance.
Sarah Lee is a PhD candidate at the Monash Centre for Scholarship in Health Education at Monash University.
Kristen Glenister (PhD) is a Senior Research Fellow (Rural Chronic Ill Health) for the Department of Rural Health, University of Melbourne and funded by the Rural Health Multidisciplinary Training program (Australian Government).
Claire Quilliam (PhD) is a Rural Nursing and Allied Health Research Fellow at The University of Melbourne and funded by the Rural Health Multidisciplinary Training program (Australian Government).
Anna Wong Shee (PhD) is Associate Professor Allied Health at Grampians Health and Deakin University.
Hannah Beks (MPH) is an Associate Research Fellow with Deakin Rural Health and funded by the Rural Health Multidisciplinary Training program (Australian Government).
EBP | Evidence based practice |
JBI | Joanna Briggs Institute |
HIC | High-income countries |
OECD | Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development |
PCC | Population, Concept and Context |
PRISMA | Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses |
PRISMA-ScR | PRISMA extension for scoping reviews |
RCB | Research capacity building |
RCT | Randomised control trial |
The first three authors (OK, EW, SL) conceived the research idea. Five authors (OK, EW, SL, AWS, and HB) contributed to the title and abstract screening, and review of full texts. Five authors (OK, EW, SL, KG and CQ) contributed to the extraction of data from papers. The first author (OK) drafted the manuscript. The last author (HB) provided methodological expertise and guidance. All authors contributed to the development of the manuscript, read, and approved the final version.
The authors thank Western Alliance for funding the initial stages of this review and co-funding the publication of this paper with Deakin Rural Health.
Declarations.
Barwon Health’s Research Ethics, Governance and Integrity Office conferred ethics approval for the engagement of the expert panel (Ref. 19/164). Written informed consent was obtained for all expert panel participants. All methods were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
Not applicable.
The authors declare they have no competing interests.
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Citing in a powerpoint presentation, presentation tips.
You must find one article to share with the class for your seminar presentation. Where should you start your search?
If you have consulted a quality secondary source on your theory (like a book or website), you can use the reference lists at the end of the chapter or page to find research articles related to the theory.
For example, here is an excerpt from the reference list of a chapter on Madeleine Leininger and transcultural nursing theory:
When you find a reference for a particular article and want to look it up, use the Journals tab on the library homepage to search for the name of the journal (in this example, Journal of Transcultural Nursing ). This will lead you to the full-text electronic or print version of the article, if the library has access.
View a more detailed explanation of how to look up an article from a citation.
Enter the CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature) database.
When conducting your search, remember to put each concept into a separate search row. For example:
We have three concepts here: theory (transcultural nursing), area of practice (acute care), and population (Hispanic or Latino).
You don't have to follow this exact formula; just remember that the ANDs go down and the ORs go across, and each major idea or concept gets its own row.
Another helpful resource for finding scholarly articles, this ProQuest database works in the same way as CINAHL. One difference: When using ProQuest, you must put phrases "in quotation marks".
Again, see that the theory is kept in its own search box, and any other terms that you add to your search belong in the rows underneath.
Use an asterisk ( * ) to search for alternate endings of a word. Instead of nursing , write nurs* to search for nurse, nurses, nursed, and nursing.
While you may often use acronyms & abbreviations in your everyday practice (NICU, DVT, ED), remember that scholarly articles often use the full technical term. Try spelling out the search terms and see how the results differ from just using acronyms.
If you don't get a good enough result with your first try, don't give up! Brainstorm synonyms or other ways of describing the terms you used. Combine them into one row and separate them with OR. For example, if you search hospice and don't get enough results, try hospice OR palliative OR end-of-life . Since databases search for exactly what you type in, you need to add in the synonyms yourself.
Did you know that you must cite all of your sources when you use a PowerPoint in your presentation?
When in doubt—cite it!
image source: keepcalmandposters.com
Follow these simple DO's and DONT's for a successful presentation:
Remember, it's not just what you say, it's how you say it!
Finkelstein, E. (2003). 44 tips and tricks to help turbocharge your PowerPoint presentations. Successful Meetings , 52 (12), S8. Retrieved from http://www.successfulmeetings.com
Mandel, S. (2000). Effective Presentation Skills. Menlo Park, CA: Crisp Publications, Inc. PN4121.M35
Medical surgical nursing is a crucial aspect of healthcare that focuses on providing care to patients before, during, and after surgical procedures. Medical surgical nursing includes many tasks, like checking patients before surgery and taking care of them afterward. Research is really important in making medical surgical nursing better by finding new information and helping patients get better. In this blog, we’ll delve into various medical surgical nursing project topics that can inspire both students and professionals alike.
Table of Contents
The basic concept of medical surgical nursing revolves around providing comprehensive care to patients undergoing surgical procedures or experiencing medical conditions requiring surgical intervention.
This includes preoperative preparation, intraoperative support, and postoperative recovery, as well as the management of medical conditions that may necessitate surgery.
Medical surgical nurses focus on promoting patient well-being, preventing complications, and facilitating optimal outcomes throughout the surgical process.
Clinical practice topics.
Writing a nursing project involves several key steps to ensure clarity, thoroughness, and relevance to the chosen topic. Here’s a general guide on how to write a nursing project:
In conclusion, medical surgical nursing offers a vast array of fascinating project topics that can enrich our understanding of patient care, contribute to evidence-based practice, and drive innovation in healthcare delivery.
Whether you’re a student embarking on a research project or a seasoned nurse seeking to explore new avenues in your practice, these Medical surgical nursing project topics provide an excellent starting point for exploration and discovery in the dynamic field of medical surgical nursing.
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Research seminars, description heading link copy link.
The Nursing Research Committee and the Office of Research Facilitation sponsor a seminar series for faculty, students and staff in the fall and spring semesters.
Seminar topics relate to the design, implementation and dissemination of health research. Topics address theoretical and methodological issues encountered by investigators throughout their careers. Please forward any ideas for seminar topics to Susan Littau .
If you need disability accommodations to participate in these events, please e-mail Anne Pach or call 312.996.7826 at least one week in advance.
Nephrology nursing research paper topics are incredibly diverse and integral to the medical world. Nephrology nursing involves the care of patients with kidney disease and encompasses a variety of topics from the pathophysiology of kidney disease, to the management of kidney failure, requiring dialysis or transplantation. This field is constantly evolving with the advent of new technologies and treatments. As such, it is important for nursing students and professionals to be up-to-date with the latest research and trends in nephrology nursing. This article will provide a comprehensive list of research paper topics, a detailed discussion on the significance of nephrology nursing, an introduction to iResearchNet’s writing services, and a compelling call-to-action.
Nephrology nursing is a specialized area of nursing dedicated to individuals with kidney disease or kidney-related issues. It plays a vital role in managing the various stages of kidney diseases, from early detection and intervention to the management of advanced kidney failure. Research in this field is of paramount importance as it leads to the development of new treatments, management strategies, and preventive measures. The nephrology nursing research paper topics encompass a wide range of areas such as Acute Kidney Injury, Chronic Kidney Disease, Dialysis, Kidney Transplantation, and many more. Exploring these topics will not only enhance the knowledge of nursing students but also contribute to the betterment of patient care. List of 100 nephrology nursing research paper topics:
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Acute Kidney Injury:
Chronic Kidney Disease:
Kidney Transplantation:
Glomerular Diseases:
Tubulointerstitial Diseases:
Genetic Disorders Affecting the Kidneys:
Hypertension and the Kidneys:
Diabetic Nephropathy:
Pediatric Nephrology:
The aforementioned list of nephrology nursing research paper topics covers a wide spectrum of issues related to kidney health and its management. Nephrology nursing is an essential and dynamic field, constantly adapting to the evolving medical landscape. It is crucial for students and professionals in the nursing field to delve into research topics that contribute to a better understanding of kidney diseases, improve patient outcomes, and enhance the quality of life for individuals with kidney-related health issues. This comprehensive list aims to facilitate the exploration of essential topics in nephrology nursing and contribute to the development of innovative strategies and interventions in kidney care.
Nephrology nursing is a critical and specialized area within the broader nursing discipline, focusing on the care of patients with kidney disease or kidney-related issues. It encompasses a wide range of activities, from early detection and management of kidney diseases to the care of patients undergoing dialysis or kidney transplantation. The significance of nephrology nursing cannot be understated, given the increasing prevalence of kidney diseases worldwide. This article will discuss the importance of nephrology nursing and various aspects of it, such as acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, and dialysis, which are all crucial nephrology nursing research paper topics.
Significance of Nephrology Nursing
The kidney is a vital organ responsible for various functions, including filtering waste products from the blood, regulating blood pressure, and maintaining electrolyte balance. Any dysfunction or disease affecting the kidney can have a significant impact on an individual’s overall health and quality of life. Nephrology nurses play a crucial role in the management of patients with kidney diseases, providing specialized care that can help manage symptoms, slow disease progression, and improve outcomes.
Nephrology nurses are trained to manage various aspects of kidney care, including administering medications, managing fluid and electrolyte balance, providing dialysis treatments, and educating patients and their families about kidney disease and its management. They also play a crucial role in the early detection of kidney diseases, as early intervention can often prevent or delay the progression of the disease.
Acute Kidney Injury
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a sudden decline in kidney function that can occur due to various reasons, such as decreased blood flow to the kidneys, exposure to toxic substances, or an inflammatory process affecting the kidneys. AKI is a common condition associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, particularly among hospitalized patients. It is one of the essential nephrology nursing research paper topics as timely and appropriate management of AKI can significantly affect its outcome.
Nephrology nurses play a vital role in the management of patients with AKI. They are involved in the early detection of AKI by monitoring patients’ urine output, serum creatinine levels, and other relevant indicators. They also play a crucial role in the management of AKI by administering medications, managing fluid and electrolyte balance, and providing supportive care to patients.
Chronic Kidney Disease
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a long-term condition characterized by a gradual loss of kidney function over time. It is a common condition that affects millions of people worldwide and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and other comorbidities. Managing CKD effectively is crucial to prevent its progression to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), which requires dialysis or kidney transplantation.
Nephrology nurses play a vital role in the management of patients with CKD. They are involved in the early detection and monitoring of CKD by assessing patients’ kidney function and other relevant indicators regularly. They also play a crucial role in the management of CKD by administering medications, managing fluid and electrolyte balance, providing dietary counseling, and educating patients about the disease and its management.
Dialysis is a life-saving treatment that replaces the function of the kidneys in patients with ESKD. There are two main types of dialysis: hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Hemodialysis involves filtering the blood through a machine, while peritoneal dialysis involves filtering the blood through the lining of the abdomen. Both types of dialysis require specialized care and management to ensure their effectiveness and minimize complications.
Nephrology nurses play a crucial role in the care of patients undergoing dialysis. They are involved in the preparation and management of the dialysis procedure, monitoring patients during dialysis, managing complications, and providing education and support to patients and their families. Nephrology nursing research paper topics related to dialysis include strategies to prevent infections, improve vascular access, optimize fluid management, and enhance patients’ quality of life.
In summary, nephrology nursing is a specialized area of nursing that plays a crucial role in the management of patients with kidney diseases. Nephrology nurses are involved in various aspects of kidney care, including the early detection and management of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease, and the care of patients undergoing dialysis. These are all essential nephrology nursing research paper topics that contribute to the improvement of patient outcomes and the advancement of the field. It is crucial for nursing students and professionals to explore these topics in-depth to develop a comprehensive understanding of nephrology nursing and contribute to the betterment of patient care.
Are you a nursing student assigned to write a research paper on nephrology nursing? If so, you understand the importance of choosing a relevant and impactful topic. Nephrology nursing involves specialized care for patients with kidney diseases, from early detection and management to dialysis and transplantation. With the increasing prevalence of kidney diseases worldwide, it is crucial for nursing students and professionals to develop a comprehensive understanding of this field. At iResearchNet, we offer students the opportunity to order a custom nephrology nursing research paper on any topic. Our writing services are designed to help you produce a high-quality research paper that contributes to your academic success and the advancement of nephrology nursing.
In conclusion, iResearchNet offers a comprehensive range of writing services to help you produce a high-quality nephrology nursing research paper. Our expert degree-holding writers, custom written works, in-depth research, and customized solutions are designed to meet your specific needs and contribute to your academic success. We offer flexible pricing, short deadlines, timely delivery, 24/7 support, absolute privacy, easy order tracking, and a money-back guarantee to ensure your satisfaction. We encourage you to utilize our services for your research paper needs and contribute to the advancement of nephrology nursing.
As a nursing student, you are well aware of the critical role that nephrology nurses play in healthcare. They specialize in the care of patients with kidney diseases and disorders, a field that is both challenging and rewarding. A research paper in this area not only contributes to your academic success but also to the broader knowledge base of this essential nursing specialty. At iResearchNet, we are committed to supporting your academic journey by offering you the opportunity to order a custom nephrology nursing research paper on any topic of your choice.
We understand the challenges you face as a student – the pressure to perform well academically, the tight deadlines, and the multiple responsibilities you have to juggle. That’s why we offer a comprehensive and customized solution to meet your needs. Our expert degree-holding writers will conduct in-depth research and craft a well-organized, evidence-based paper that reflects the current state of knowledge in nephrology nursing. With flexible pricing options, the ability to track your order online, and a money-back guarantee, you can be confident in your decision to choose iResearchNet.
Your academic success is essential for your future career as a nurse, and submitting a high-quality research paper is a crucial part of that journey. At iResearchNet, we are dedicated to helping you achieve that success. With our customized solutions, expert writers, and commitment to quality, we provide a service that is unmatched. Don’t miss the opportunity to submit a research paper that stands out and reflects your dedication to excellence in nephrology nursing.
Take the first step towards securing your academic success. Order a custom nephrology nursing research paper from iResearchNet today and contribute to the advancement of this critical field of nursing. Your future patients and your professional development will thank you!
This article was written in collaboration with Christine T. and ChatGPT, our little helper developed by OpenAI.
Embarking on a nursing journey involves diving into a sea of diverse and intricate subjects. As a nursing student, you have probably already encountered a wealth of information, and understanding it might seem daunting. Fortunately, understanding the importance of nursing teaching topics can transform this mountainous task into a manageable and exciting exploration. In this article, we will dive into the essential nursing teaching topics you will likely encounter in your academic journey.
Nursing teaching topics form the backbone of your nursing education. The modules and subjects shape your understanding of the vast nursing field. Each topic provides insights into patient care, health systems, medical ethics, etc. These topics are designed to impart theoretical knowledge and equip you with practical skills and a problem-solving mindset necessary in nursing.
Nursing, a profession rooted in the compassionate care of individuals, offers an array of specialized areas. This vast field requires nursing students to grasp various key topics that form the foundation of their practice. These topics not only instill essential knowledge but also cultivate clinical reasoning and decision-making skills. As students progress through their nursing journey, understanding these critical areas ensures they are well-equipped to offer optimal patient care in diverse settings. The subsequent sections shed light on these pivotal topics and offer examples to further elucidate their significance.
Understanding anatomy and physiology is paramount for nursing students. It provides the foundational knowledge required to comprehend how the human body functions in health and disease. By mastering these topics, nurses can better predict, understand, and respond to the physiological responses of their patients.
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Pharmacology, the study of drugs and their effects on the body, is a vital component of nursing education. With the ever-evolving landscape of medications, it’s imperative for nurses to stay updated on drug mechanisms, potential side effects, and best administration practices. This knowledge equips nurses to ensure patient safety and optimize therapeutic outcomes.
Pathophysiology delves into the mechanisms of disease processes, offering insights into the alteration of normal physiological functions. By understanding the underlying causes of diseases, nurses can provide more effective care, anticipate complications, and educate patients about their conditions.
Medical-surgical nursing, often considered the backbone of the nursing profession, focuses on providing care to adult patients with a variety of medical conditions or undergoing surgical procedures. This specialty demands a broad and in-depth knowledge of the human body and its pathologies. Medical-surgical nurses play a pivotal role in patient recovery, ensuring safety, comfort, and optimal health outcomes.
Pediatric nursing requires a specialized approach, differing significantly from adult nursing. Understanding the unique needs of children, from newborns to adolescents, is crucial. Pediatric nurses play an essential role in promoting health, preventing illness, and providing therapeutic care, ensuring that children grow up to be healthy adults.
Obstetric and Gynecological Nursing focuses on the comprehensive care of women throughout their lifespan. This specialty encompasses a wide range of topics from reproductive health, pregnancy, childbirth, to post-menopausal care. Nurses in this field play a pivotal role in health promotion, disease prevention, and management of specific women’s health issues.
Community Health Nursing emphasizes a proactive approach to healthcare, focusing on preventing illness and promoting wellness in communities. Nurses in this field collaborate with local agencies, schools, and other organizations to create health plans tailored to the needs of specific populations. Their role is crucial in bridging the gap between individual and community health.
Geriatric nursing caters specifically to the unique needs of older adults. As the population ages, the demand for specialized care tailored to this demographic grows. Geriatric nurses are trained to recognize the physical and cognitive changes associated with aging, addressing them with a combination of clinical expertise and compassion. They play a vital role in promoting the quality of life, autonomy, and dignity of the elderly, ensuring that they receive care that respects their individual needs and preferences.
Psychiatric nursing, also known as mental health nursing, focuses on caring for individuals with mental health disorders. This specialty requires empathy, patience, and a deep understanding of the complexities of mental health. Nurses in this field collaborate with a multidisciplinary team to offer holistic care, promoting mental well-being, and aiding in the recovery process.
Nursing research is fundamental to the advancement of the profession. It provides the evidence base for clinical practices, shaping policies, and informing healthcare decisions. By engaging in research, nurses contribute to the knowledge pool, ensuring that care delivery remains current, effective, and patient-centered.
Leadership and management in nursing go hand in hand, ensuring that healthcare institutions provide the best possible care to patients. Whether it’s guiding a team, making critical decisions, or planning for the future, nursing leaders play a crucial role in shaping the direction and quality of healthcare delivery.
Nursing teaching topics play a pivotal role in shaping your career. Understanding these topics can help you decide the specialty you wish to pursue. For instance, if you find geriatric nursing fascinating, you might decide to work in aged care.
Furthermore, these topics can significantly enhance your problem-solving and critical-thinking skills, which are highly valued in nursing.
By engaging deeply with these topics, you can ensure that you’re not merely passing exams but also preparing to provide the best care to future patients.
Even after you’ve finished your nursing education, staying updated with the latest advancements in these nursing teaching topics is vital. Continued learning and professional development are key aspects of a nursing career. You can achieve this by joining professional nursing associations, subscribing to nursing journals, and participating in professional development courses.
Nursing is a noble and rewarding profession, and the journey starts with mastering these essential nursing teaching topics. Understanding and engaging with these topics can lay a strong foundation for a successful nursing career. Embrace the learning journey with curiosity and enthusiasm, and remember that each new topic brings you one step closer to becoming a skilled nursing professional.
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Project and Seminar Topics with Materials on Nursing (Science)
Welcome to Samphina Academy, this is the Official Project / Seminar Material Library for all students of the department of Nursing (Science). The topics listed here can be used as guide to carryout academic research work for either Undergraduate / Postgraduate Project, Seminar or Thesis. We pride ourselves in rendering quality services.
The aim of providing these materials is to reduce the stress of moving from one school library to another all in the name of searching for research materials on Nursing (Science).
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Stay up-to-date on how nursing trends impact student education and career paths in the healthcare industry.
Keeping current with nursing trends in 2024 is crucial, ensuring you're aware of the evolving needs of patients, changing healthcare systems, and shifts in the nursing profession itself. As time passes, the industry introduces the latest evidence-based practices, new technologies, and updated guidelines, which can significantly improve patient outcomes and safety.
When you know what’s happening in the nursing world, you can be more prepared to study it in college and, eventually, get a job. Here’s what you need to know to enter college and the career field with confidence.
The nursing profession is experiencing significant shifts driven by various factors, including technological advancements, changing demographics, and evolving healthcare needs. These current trends are reshaping the landscape of nursing, emphasizing the need for continuous adaptation and education among nurses.
From the rise of telehealth services to the increasing demand for specialized nursing roles , the profession is undergoing a transformation that promises to enhance patient care and improve health outcomes.
Here are the top trends in nursing students and potential nurses should be aware of:
The demand for nurses is growing at an unprecedented rate, fueled by an aging population and a greater emphasis on preventive care. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the employment of registered nurses is projected to grow by 6% through 2032.
Fueling this growth is an increased need for healthcare services, advancements in medical technology, and a heightened focus on chronic disease management. As a result, nursing remains a promising and stable career choice with numerous opportunities for advancement.
The number of nurse practitioners (NPs) has surged in recent years, with projections indicating a continued upward trend. NPs are trained to provide high-quality care, including diagnosing and treating medical conditions, prescribing medications, and managing patient care. This increased presence of nurse practitioners is enhancing access to healthcare, particularly in underserved areas, and is a testament to the evolving role of nurses in the medical field.
Home healthcare is gaining traction as a preferred option for many patients, especially the elderly and those with chronic conditions. This trend is driven by the desire for personalized, convenient care and the rising costs of hospital-based services. The direct care sector is expected to add over 1 million new jobs by 2031 , per PHI.
Home healthcare allows patients to receive medical attention in the comfort of their own homes, promoting better recovery and quality of life. For nurses, this shift means more opportunities in home healthcare services, requiring skills in patient management, home care procedures, and coordination with other healthcare professionals.
In response to concerns about the quality of care in nursing homes, governments are implementing stricter regulations on staffing levels. These regulations aim to ensure that nursing homes have adequate staff to provide safe and effective care to residents. Increased oversight and mandatory staffing ratios are being introduced to address issues such as neglect and understaffing.
For nurses, these regulations may lead to better working conditions and improved patient outcomes, though they also bring challenges in compliance and workforce management.
The rising demand for nurses and the critical role they play in healthcare are contributing to increased wages in the profession. Nurses are expected to see salary growth as healthcare facilities compete to attract and retain skilled professionals. As of now, the average wage is $94,480 , according to the BLS.
Factors such as advanced nursing program options, specialized skills, and geographic location can significantly influence earning potential. This trend underscores the value of investing in nursing education and professional development to enhance career prospects and financial stability.
AI is revolutionizing nursing and healthcare by augmenting clinical decision-making, improving patient outcomes, and streamlining administrative tasks. AI-driven tools can assist nurses in diagnosing conditions, predicting patient deterioration, and personalizing treatment plans.
In nursing education, AI can provide interactive simulations and personalized learning experiences. While these digital solutions offer numerous benefits, they also present challenges, including the need for nurses to develop new skills and the ethical considerations of AI in patient care.
While nursing is a rewarding profession, it can also be demanding, leading to high turnover rates. High turnover rates can disrupt patient care and increase operational costs. Strategies to improve retention include offering competitive salaries, creating supportive work environments, providing opportunities for professional growth, and addressing burnout. By prioritizing retention, healthcare facilities can maintain continuity of care and enhance the overall quality of healthcare services.
The changing healthcare landscape requires nurses to pursue higher education and advanced training to meet the demands of modern medical practice. There is a growing emphasis on obtaining bachelor's degrees, advanced certifications, and specialized training in areas such as critical care, oncology, and geriatrics.
Higher education, like that found at Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (MCPHS), equips nurses with the knowledge and skills needed to navigate complex healthcare environments, adapt to technological advancements, and provide high-quality patient care.
Specialization within nursing is becoming more prevalent as healthcare becomes increasingly complex. Nurses are seeking advanced certifications in fields such as pediatrics, emergency care, and anesthesia to enhance their expertise and career prospects.
Specialization allows nurses to provide targeted, high-level care and to become leaders in their chosen fields. It also enables medical professionals to work in the niche field they desire.
To attract top talent in a competitive job market, more healthcare organizations are offering hiring bonuses to prospective nurses. These incentives can range from lump-sum payments to tuition reimbursement and relocation assistance. Hiring bonuses are particularly common in areas with high demand for nurses, such as critical care and emergency services.
While these bonuses can help address the nursing shortage, they also underscore the need for long-term retention strategies to sustain a stable nursing workforce.
The nursing profession is seeing a gradual rise in male nurse employment. In the last decade, there has been an increase exceeding 59% across the board. This is especially true for the number of male licensed practical nurses, which has risen by 112%, nurse practitioners by 108%, and registered nurses by 51%.
This shift is promoting diversity and bringing new perspectives to patient care. Male nurses are entering various specialties, from pediatrics to intensive care, contributing to a more balanced workforce. Encouraging more men to pursue nursing careers can help address shortages and enrich the profession with diverse skills and experiences.
While COVID-19 accelerated the adoption of telehealth services, they have now become a staple in the healthcare industry. Telehealth enables nurses to provide remote care, conduct virtual consultations, and monitor patients from a distance. This trend enhances access to healthcare, especially for individuals in rural or underserved areas.
As telehealth technology continues to evolve, nurses will need to adapt to new modes of patient interaction and care delivery, underscoring the importance of technological proficiency in modern nursing practice.
Current trends impact every nursing student by shaping their education, preparing them for future roles, and influencing their career trajectories. Here are some ways trends are currently changing the educational and professional medical landscape:
Nursing trends play a significant role in shaping the curriculum and training programs for nursing students. As healthcare evolves, nursing schools must adapt to incorporate the latest evidence-based practices, technologies, and patient care models. This ensures every nursing student receives a contemporary education that prepares them to transition from the classroom to the modern medical facility.
Trends like the integration of telehealth, the use of simulation labs for hands-on practice, and the emphasis on specializations are increasingly reflected in nursing curricula. Students are trained in the most current methods, tools, and protocols, which enhances their readiness to enter the workforce as competent and effective healthcare providers.
With advancements in medical technology and changes in patient care practices, learners must acquire diverse skills to meet the industry’s demands. For instance, the rise in nurse practitioner openings requires students to receive advanced training and specialization to enter this popular career.
Additionally, the growing emphasis on holistic and people-focused health practices means students must be proficient in a wide range of care techniques and be able to listen to and provide care based on the patient’s specific needs, whether traditional clinical procedures or mental health-focused therapy. By staying updated on trends, nursing students can ensure they develop the necessary skills to provide comprehensive care after graduation.
As the healthcare landscape becomes more collaborative, nursing students are increasingly trained alongside medical, pharmacy, and allied health students. This approach fosters a team-based mentality and improves communication and coordination skills.
Trends emphasizing patient-centered care and integrated health systems underscore the need for nurses to work effectively within multidisciplinary teams. Through interprofessional education (IPE), students learn to appreciate the roles and expertise of other healthcare professionals, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes and a more cohesive healthcare delivery system.
Students must be equipped with the knowledge and skills that are in high demand. However, without staying abreast of nursing trends, knowing what’s desired by potential employers can be tricky. Factors like AI, telehealth, and home healthcare shape the competencies that medical companies seek in new graduates. By incorporating these topics into their education, students can become more familiar with current practices and adapt to future changes. Ultimately, aligning education and industry needs enhances students’ employability and career prospects.
As new standards and competencies emerge, licensure exams and certification processes are updated to reflect the profession’s current state. Trends like increasing demand for training and higher education and the rise in nursing specialization pursuits show that licenses and certifications are important for students to consider.
Additionally, some job requirements fluctuate over time, requiring further education or certifications to enter. Nursing programs must stay aligned with these evolving standards to ensure graduates are well-prepared for licensure exams and meet the necessary criteria. This alignment is essential for maintaining the credibility and relevance of nursing credentials in the healthcare industry.
Evidence-based practice in nursing involves delivering holistic, quality care based on the most up-to-date research and insights rather than traditional methods or personal beliefs. For nursing students, this means an increased focus on developing skills in critical thinking, data analysis, and research methods. Programs incorporate coursework and practical experiences that teach students to appraise and apply research findings to clinical practice.
Trends such as the push for high-quality, cost-effective care necessitate that nurses be proficient in looking to the latest knowledge. By instilling these principles in students, nursing education fosters a culture of continuous learning and improvement that is essential for advancing the profession.
People-focused care is increasingly taking over medical practices. This includes looking at both mental and physical health and prioritizing health promotion and disease prevention rather than reactive care. Students should be taught an approach to patient care that includes addressing all determinants of health to inspire patients to focus on all areas of their body, not just the present-day issues.
This comprehensive approach prepares students to support patients in achieving optimal health and well-being, reflecting the broader movement toward proactive and preventative healthcare.
Global health and diversity trends in nursing prepare students to provide culturally competent care. As healthcare becomes more globalized and travel nursing jobs and administrative positions focus on global health challenges, students are exposed to the healthcare needs of different populations. This helps them deliver care that’s respectful of cultural differences and responsive to the varying health beliefs and practices around the world.
With a rich history and experienced staff, MCPHS can help guide you through critical nursing training, giving you up-to-date information to help you enter the field once you graduate. Our team keeps our finger on the pulse of the nursing industry so we can provide students with the most beneficial education possible.
Apply today to start your nursing journey.
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📚 | Project or Seminar Topics PDF Department List and Materials for Google Scholars |
📚 | Project or Seminar Topics and PDF Materials for (2024) Students |
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In quest of Nursing project or seminar topics , this platform is intended for (2024) Undergraduate and Postgraduate Students in Nigeria and Other Countries, who are searching for research proposal topics with Materials in PDF or Microsoft Word (Docx) that will serve as a roadmap for achieving their final year research aim in Nursing (Science).
See also – Subject Based Seminar Related Topics
The sole purpose of this platform is to provide simple and swift methods to find top-notch (2024) scholaristic research topics and materials on Nursing (Science). The PDF (Microsoft Word) project materials for Nursing seminar topics that can potentially be chosen for proposal write-up submission are listed below.
Assessment of Healthcare Waste Management Practices Among Health Workers
Knowledge and Attitude of Nurses Towards Utilizing Nursing Care Plans in Patient Management
Factors Influencing Exclusive Breastfeeding among Lactating Mothers Infected with HIV Virus and Its Associated Health Outcomes of Infants in Mbano, Imo State
An Empirical Review of Sanitation and Hygiene
Psychoactive Substance Use Among Young People
Knowledge, Attitude and Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) Practices among PHC Workers in the FCT
Importance of Exclusive Breastfeeding on the Health of Children Under Five
Knowledge, Attitude and Perception of Care of the Elderly Patients among Health Workers
Attitude of Student Nurses toward People with Disabilities
Knowledge and Attitude of Nursing Mothers on Exclusive Breastfeeding
Attitude and Practice of Surgical Site among Nurses in Surgical Unit of UBTH (University of Benin Teaching Hospital)
Attitude of Nurses Towards Relapse Prevention Among Psychiatric Patients in Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital
Knowledge, Perception and Attitude Towards Uterine Fibroid Among Women of Child Bearing Age
Nursing (Science) Seminar Topics on Client Care
Impact of Universal Precautionary Measures on Job Satisfaction and Safety of Nurses
Perceptions of Actual and Preferred Hospital Clinical Learning Environment of Student Nurses
Factors Associated with Work Related Stress Among Nurses (A Case Study of Yakurr Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria)
Knowledge of Nurses on the Malaria Vaccine (Mosquirix) in the Bawku West District
Prevalence and Patterns of Psycho Active Substance Use Among Senior Secondary School Students
Awareness and Prevention of STI Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic
Nursing (Science) Seminar Topics on Service Delivery
Knowledge and Practice of Food Hygiene Among Food Vendors
Knowledge of the Effect of Regular Pelvic Floor Exercises on Maternal Health Among Women of Reproductive Age
Perception and Challenges of Nurses Towards Health Insurance Scheme (A Case Study of Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital in Edo State)
Prospect and Challenges of Rebranding in Nurse Profession
Impact of Health Promotion on Malaria Prevention During Early Pregnancy
Knowledge and Attitude of Family Members Towards Health Care of Mentally Ill Patients
Analysis on the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Immunization of Under-Five Children Among Mothers Attending Antenatal Clinic (ANC)
Patients' Co-operation Towards Presence of Students During Radiological Examination
Students' Attitudes Toward People with Disabilities in the Nursing Profession
(Seminar) The Role of Exercise in Preventing Chronic Disease
Pressure Ulcer Prevention Practices and It’s Influencing Factors Among Nurses
Prevalence of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension in Women Attending Antenatal Clinic at Primary Health Care Clinics in Badikkko, Kaduna South
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice of Women Aged 35-45 Towards Breast Cancer Prevention
Barriers to Uptake of Immunization
Stress Coping Strategies Among Student Nurses
Experiences of Women Victimized by Domestic Violence
Nursing (Science) Seminar Topics on Nursing Profession
Knowledge and Perception of Hypertension and It’s Management Among Clients / Patients
Availability and Utilization of Electronic Health Record
The Influence of Stress on Work Behavior Among Nurses
Effect of Nursing Based Intervention on Women of Child Bearing Age Exclusive Breastfeeding Practices
Seminar Presentation on Biochemistry of Breast Cancer
Awareness and Prevention of Pre-eclampsia Among Pregnant Woman
Nursing (Science) Seminar Topics on Nursing Education
Health Care Specialists At Dental Clinic: Knowledge, Attitude, and Application of Standard Precautions
Prevention of Malaria
Awareness and Practices of Infection Control among Pregnant Mothers Attending Antenatal Clinic
Knowledge of Cervical Cancer and It’s Effects Among Undergraduate Students of Child Bearing Age (A Case Study of UNIMAID in Borno State)
Getting more topics...
Nursing (Science) Seminar research has shown that it is important to be aware that the research write-up for seminar topics on Nursing (Science) is limited to 20 pages, including some sections from the fully obtained research material (Chapters 1–5) and References. When writing up your seminar research, remember to utilize the future tense rather than the past. Students studying Nursing (Science) can use the sections listed below to assist them with their seminar research projects.
Introduction of Nursing (Science) Seminar Topics
Statement of Problems
Motivation of Research (Optional)
Purpose (Aim and Objectives) of Study
Significance (Justification) of Study
Review of three (3) or more related literature
Research Methodology
Ethical Consideration (Optional)
Presentation and Data Analysis (Summary)
Recommendation of Selected Topic (Optional)
Do you have final year seminar topics on banking institution .
We have source out one of the best seminar topics on Banking Institution, which is “ Internal Audit Procedures and Problems in a Banking Institution ” – This research on Internal Procedures and Problems in a Banking Institution (A Case of First Bank Nigeria PLC) tends to bring into focus the need for internal auditing due to the increasing volume of work and business activities in a financial institution such as bank. This ever increasing trend plus the necessary sophistication of banking operations and multiple transactions among other factors had made it impossible for top management to exercise full and direct control and to supervise all the operations. Internal Audit therefore, serves and acts as an effective tool that could be used to bridge the gap between top management …
Final year students searching for seminar related topics on Solar Energy should refer to this topic “ Solar Technology: An Alternative Source of Energy for National Development ” – This research was carried out to understand solar technology: An alternative source of energy for national development. The study was based on the pursuance of basic objectives to ascertain the present state of power generation and supply in Nigeria, to examine the possibility of reviving the energy sector of Nigeria, highlight the advantages of solar technology as it affects national development. In essence the study sets out to contribute to the advancement of knowledge on solar energy in Nigeria as an alternative power supply for national development. The quantitative research technique was utilized during the course of the study. The …
After searching our library, we discovered that Audio Visual Aids has one of the best related seminar topics titled “ Implementation of Audio Visual Aids in Teaching Social Studies in Senior Secondary Schools ” – The study was carried out to examine the Implementation of Audio Visual Aids in Teaching Social Studies in Senior Secondary School. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows to determine the degree of the use of audio visual aids in teaching the Social Studies and examine whether the male and female differences affect the extent of use of the audio visual aids in teaching and learning in Senior Secondary School in Kumbotso Local Government Area. The research design used in this report is descriptive design, utilizing questionnaire method to obtain information from the respondents …
Among the most important seminar topics related to Children Malnutrition, we found “ Effects of Malnutrition Among Children ” – The study was conducted to find out and describe why developing countries are associated with malnutrition complications and the impact is having in the health and lives of children. Although rare in developed countries, malnutrition in children remains a menace in many developing countries. Malnutrition occurs most commonly in Southern Asia and Sub-Saharan Afri-ca. The effective management of Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) is a huge challenge in low resource healthcare locations. The method of data collection was systematic literature review which means conducting a literature search, selecting data relevant to the purpose question, description of the data selected and analyzing the …
We successfully found a topic related to your query, which is captioned “ Impact of Broken Home on Academic Performance and Psychosocial Adjustment of Secondary School Students ” – This study examined the impact of broken homes on academic performance and psychosocial adjustment of secondary school students in Kosofe Local Government Area of Lagos State. The descriptive survey design was used in this study. The research instrument used for this study was a questionnaire tagged (BHAP) which was adapted by the researcher. The population of this study covered the teachers in selected secondary schools at Kosofe Local Government, area Lagos State where data was collected using simple random sampling. Collected data was analyzed using chi-square and descriptive statistics. Demographic data such as gender, age, and qualification were used. Findings showed …
Other Nursing (Science) Based Related Topics
Nursing (Science) Related Departmental Repository assistance in finding your preferred topic for proposal submission or presentation purpose. Below is the list of related repository under Nursing (Science) department:
Dental Nursing Science Seminar Topics
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Clinical Nursing Research Topics. Analyze the use of telehealth/virtual nursing to reduce inpatient nurse duties. Discuss the impact of evidence-based respiratory interventions on patient outcomes in critical care settings. Explore the effectiveness of pain management protocols in pediatric patients. 2.
This annual nursing conference offers high-quality sessions on key clinical topics to emergency room nurses and networking events. Click on the registration link for early bird registration and the schedule of events. ... and nursing research. Orthopedic Online Nursing Conference Registration. 48th Annual Mayo Clinic Seminar for Nurse ...
Nursing Research Topics for BSc Students. The impact of nursing interventions on patient satisfaction in post-operative care. The relationship between nurse staffing levels and patient outcomes in ICU. The role of the nurse in promoting patient safety in a pediatric setting. The effectiveness of simulation-based training in nursing education.
Here, we'll explore a variety of nursing-related research ideas and topic thought-starters, including general nursing, medical-surgical nursing, pediatric nursing, obstetrics and gynaecological nursing, ICU and mental health nursing. NB - This is just the start…. The topic ideation and evaluation process has multiple steps.
List of Nursing Research Topics: Nursing Workforce. The impact of nurse staffing levels on patient outcomes in acute care settings. The effectiveness of nurse retention strategies on improving nurse job satisfaction. The role of nursing leadership in creating a positive work environment.
Research Quality Manager. University of Maryland School of Nursing. Gyasi Moscou-Jackson, PhD, MHS, RN. Nurse Scientist. University of Maryland Medical Center. Watch Jackson and Moscou-Jackson's presentation. Download Jackson and Moscou-Jackson's presentation slides. April 2023. "Trust in Research Using Digital Devices".
5 Nursing Research Paper Topics on Mental Health Care. The influence of social media on body image and its implications for adolescent mental health. Probing the correlation between sleep quality and mood disorders. Exploring cultural factors shaping the manifestation and management of depression. The effectiveness of mindfulness-based ...
Incivility. Interprofessional Education. Quality and Safety Education in Nursing. Sustainability in Nursing Education. Explore On-Demand Webinars. 655 K Street, NW, Suite 750. Washington, DC 20001. P: (202) 463-6930. DONATE TODAY.
This topic involves applying the latest, high-quality research findings in patient care. Topic Examples. Implementing clinical guidelines in nursing practice. Strategies to support the application of research to practice. Role of Evidence-Based Practice in improving patient outcomes.
Analysis of typical infant and neonatal feeding issues. An examination of mother-child relationships during postpartum care. Examination of remedies for postpartum depression. Analysis of shifts in midwifery practise. An examination of spirituality in nursing a study of collaboration in midwifery.
Importance of Choosing the Right Nursing Project Topic. Selecting the right nursing project topic is crucial for several reasons. Firstly, it allows nurses to address pertinent issues within their practice areas, contributing to improvements in patient care, community health, or nursing education. Secondly, it enables nurses to stay engaged and ...
Key EBP Nursing Topics: Enhancing Patient Results through Evidence-Based Practice 4. Top Nursing Research Topics for Students and Professionals 5. Nursing Debate Topics: The Importance of Discussing and Debating Nursing Issues 6. Discussion Topics in Public Health Nursing Practice 7. Topics | OJIN - The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing 8.
When choosing a nursing research topic as a student nurse, the topic needs to be interesting, relevant, original, and meaningful. Cardiovascular diseases associated with Diabetes Mellitus Type 1. Care for patients with end-stage congestive heart failure. Pharmacology treatment for sickle cell anemia.
Here are some examples of childhood nursing research topics: Antibiotics impact on childhood immunities. Effects of childhood exposure to environmental pollutants. Effects of second-hand smoke inhalation in early life. Ethics of pediatric care. Genetic factors of diabetes in children.
Led by Chief Nursing Officer (hospital) and Professor (nursing school) Research topics (related to nurse leadership) chosen by leads in discussion with participants and article sent via email a week before journal club. ... 51, 74] or preparing research posters and seminars . It was assumed that the participants in the programs concerned with ...
Instead of nursing, write nurs* to search for nurse, nurses, nursed, and nursing. While you may often use acronyms & abbreviations in your everyday practice (NICU, DVT, ED), remember that scholarly articles often use the full technical term. Try spelling out the search terms and see how the results differ from just using acronyms.
100+ Medical Surgical Nursing Project Topics [Updated] Medical surgical nursing is a crucial aspect of healthcare that focuses on providing care to patients before, during, and after surgical procedures. Medical surgical nursing includes many tasks, like checking patients before surgery and taking care of them afterward.
70+ Seminar Topics for Nursing Students in Cameroon. 1). Perception And Acceptance Of Caesarean Section Among Pregnant Women In Tiko Community. 2). Knowledge And Perception Of Hypertension And Its Management Among patients in Limbe Regional Hospital. 3).
The Nursing Research Committee and the Office of Research Facilitation sponsor a seminar series for faculty, students and staff in the fall and spring semesters. Seminar topics relate to the design, implementation and dissemination of health research. Topics address theoretical and methodological issues encountered by investigators throughout ...
The nephrology nursing research paper topics encompass a wide range of areas such as Acute Kidney Injury, Chronic Kidney Disease, Dialysis, Kidney Transplantation, and many more. Exploring these topics will not only enhance the knowledge of nursing students but also contribute to the betterment of patient care. List of 100 nephrology nursing ...
Topic Examples: Nursing Research. Nursing research is fundamental to the advancement of the profession. It provides the evidence base for clinical practices, shaping policies, and informing healthcare decisions. By engaging in research, nurses contribute to the knowledge pool, ensuring that care delivery remains current, effective, and patient ...
Welcome to Samphina Academy, this is the Official Project / Seminar Material Library for all students of the department of Nursing (Science). The topics listed here can be used as guide to carryout academic research work for either Undergraduate / Postgraduate Project, Seminar or Thesis. We pride ourselves in rendering quality services.
Research and Evidence-Based Practice. Evidence-based practice in nursing involves delivering holistic, quality care based on the most up-to-date research and insights rather than traditional methods or personal beliefs. For nursing students, this means an increased focus on developing skills in critical thinking, data analysis, and research ...
Project / Seminar Topics on Nursing with Materials. In quest of Nursing project or seminar topics, this platform is intended for (2024) Undergraduate and Postgraduate Students in Nigeria and Other Countries, who are searching for research proposal topics with Materials in PDF or Microsoft Word (Docx) that will serve as a roadmap for achieving their final year research aim in Nursing (Science).