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Mahatma Gandhi University is an interdisciplinary university based in Kerala, India. Mahatma Gandhi Open Access Digital Library of PhD Theses website provides free access to a growing collection of its online doctoral theses (e-theses) in Sanskrit, Malayalam, Hindi and English. A wide range of subject areas from the humanities, sciences and social sciences are covered in the institutional repository. There is particularly strong coverage of Indian history, society, politics and culture; Gandhi studies; international relations, foreign policy and regional issues in South Asia (incorporating relations and security between the nations of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh). Copyright and technical information is displayed on the website. It uses Nitya D’ Arch a package developed in India which can process full text of more than twenty scripts and languages used in India. Deep indexing especially for documents in Indian languages is a unique feature of this package. Launched in 2008 it claims to be the first official Open Access archive of PhD theses of any Indian university. The guide provides a historical perspective of the development of this archive and gives some simple tips for using the archive effectively.

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Will India fulfil the Aspirations of its Young? Jobs, Inequalities and the Changing Political Economy Talk by Jayan Jose Thomas, Professor of Economics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi. The young in India and South Asia (who accounted for 21% and 29% respectively of the worldwide population of 15 to 29-year-olds in 2020) can be a…

സര്‍വകലാശാല ലൈബ്രറിയില്‍ 01 ജൂൺ 2024 മുതൽ 12 ജൂൺ 2024 വരെ സ്റ്റോക്ക്‌ വേരിഫിക്കേഷനുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട പ്രവര്‍ത്തനങ്ങള്‍ നടക്കുന്നതിനാല്‍ അന്നേ ദിവസങ്ങളില്‍ ലൈബ്രറി രാവിലെ 10 :15 മുതല്‍ വൈകുന്നേരം 4 .45 വരെമാത്രമേ പ്രവര്‍ത്തിക്കുകയുള്ള .ഈ ദിവസങ്ങളില്‍ ബക്ക്‌ ഇഷ്യൂ ഒഴികെയുള്ള എല്ലാ സേവനങ്ങളും ഉണ്ടായിരിക്കുന്നതാണ്‌. From 01 June 2024 to 12 June 2024, activities related to stock verification are being carried out in the University…

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Electronic Theses & Dissertations

Posted on 25 June, 2015

Permanent URI for this collection

The theses in UWSpace are publicly accessible unless restricted due to publication or patent pending.

This collection includes a subset of theses submitted by graduates of the University of Waterloo as a partial requirement of a degree program at the Master's or PhD level. It includes all electronically submitted theses. (Electronic submission was optional from 1996 through 2006. Electronic submission became the default submission format in October 2006.)

This collection also includes a subset of UW theses that were scanned through the Theses Canada program. (The subset includes UW PhD theses from 1998 - 2002.)

Recent Submissions

• No Thumbnail Available Item Traffic Conflict-based Road Safety Analysis: Data Requirements and Evaluation of Safety Countermeasures ( University of Waterloo , 2024-08-16 ) Keung, Jessica May Ting Show more Driven by the vision to eliminate road fatalities, Vision Zero initiatives have been widely adopted by many cities around the world, with significant investments of resources in various safety programs and countermeasures. Conflict-based traffic safety analysis is a burgeoning field, but many studies have failed to address the important question of how much data should be collected to make credible safety-related inferences and how the effectiveness of safety countermeasures could be quantified using conflict data. In this thesis research, a comprehensive framework based on power analysis is first proposed to determine the minimum sample size required for a conflict analysis study. Two case studies are investigated to illustrate how power analysis can be conducted for different types of conflict analysis study specifications, using the corresponding statistical tests. Power analysis is a well-established statistical tool used in many different scientific fields for determining an appropriate sample size. The power analysis exploits the significance criterion (α), power (1-β), and effect size (ES) such that the sample size is large enough to protect investigators from Type I and Type II errors to conventional thresholds of 95% and 80%, respectively. The minimum sample size is also the optimal sample size because it minimizes the observation period while maintaining acceptable protection from Type I and Type II errors. A case study is then conducted to assess the safety benefits of three Vision Zero safety countermeasures using data from the City of Toronto. By applying a combination of case-control and cross-sectional studies, the research attempts to quantify the safety effects of three commonly applied Vision Zero countermeasures, namely, Leading Pedestrian Interval (LPI), No Right Turn On Red (NRTOR), and installation of a dedicated Bicycle Lane (BL). The traffic interactions between vehicles and vulnerable road users (VRUs) were extracted using a video data processing platform and two surrogate measures of safety, including post-encroachment time (PET) and conflict speed, were obtained and then used to classify the conflict severity into different levels. A comparative analysis using mixed-effects negative binomial regression was conducted to quantify the impacts of different treatments on the frequency of traffic conflicts under specific road weather and traffic conditions. The results show that these three types of traffic countermeasures can effectively reduce the frequency of high-risk and moderate-risk traffic conflicts, moderated by various, traffic exposure, weather and environmental conditions, and accessible pedestrian signals (APS). These findings could help road safety engineers and decision makers make better informed decisions on their road safety initiatives and projects. Show more
• No Thumbnail Available Item Examining the Influence of Caffeine on Attentional Engagement in Everyday Life and During an Auditory Attention Task ( University of Waterloo , 2024-08-16 ) Kruger, Tyler Show more Caffeine is a popular psychoactive substance used by a large part of the population primarily to increase their cognitive abilities. In this dissertation I explore the links between caffeine consumption, motives to use caffeine, and attention-related experiences. After reviewing the relevant literature (Chapter 1), I report several studies (Chapter 2) exploring 1) how caffeine consumption relates to attention in everyday life using self-report measures that each target a different facet of attentional engagement, and 2) how different motivations for choosing to ingest caffeine may relate to the measures of everyday attention. Findings showed that amount of caffeine consumed in a typical day (estimated in milligrams) was not to related to attention-related experiences in everyday life. However, those who are more likely to ingest caffeine to potentially enhance their cognition, or to experience the reinforcing effects of caffeine, or to help relieve negative affect showed higher levels of inattention in everyday life. Next, I explored how caffeine (versus placebo) may influence performance and attentional engagement during a sustained auditory attention task, as well as the replicability of earlier findings regarding the effects of caffeine consumption on various attention-related experiences such as affect, arousal, boredom, sleepiness, and mental effort (Chapter 3). Participants completed two sessions of an attention task (once before consuming caffeine or placebo and once after) and intermittently responded to thought probes asking about their mind-wandering. Compared to placebo, findings showed that there was a performance and attentional benefit on the attention task following caffeine consumption. I also replicated earlier findings by showing that participants who consumed caffeine reported greater positive affect and arousal as well as less feelings of boredom, sleepiness, and mental effort compared to placebo. I also further explored the positive relation regarding the cognitive motives of caffeine consumption and the tendency to experience more inattention in everyday life. Prior to caffeine consumption, participants who had greater cognitive motives reported being less on task; following caffeination, this correlation became non-significant. In a follow-up study (Chapter 4), I sought to replicate the main findings from the attention task and further explored the relations between cognitive motives and proportion of on task responses in a larger sample. I replicated my earlier findings by showing there was a performance and attentional benefit on the attention task following caffeine consumption. I also replicated the findings regarding affect, arousal, boredom, sleepiness, and mental effort. Importantly, however, I failed to replicate the relations between the cognitive motives and proportion of on task responses suggesting that this relation may not be as robust as originally thought. Finally, I conclude (Chapter 5) by contextualizing the main findings from the studies presented, their limitations, and suggest future directions. Show more
• No Thumbnail Available Item Advancements in the Experimental Study for the Design and Classification of Cured In Place Pipe (CIPP) Liners ( University of Waterloo , 2024-08-16 ) Ogunbanjo, Babajide Show more Thermoset Cured In Place Pipe (CIPP) liners have been used extensively in North America to rehabilitate aging buried gravity and watermain pipe networks. The design and performance assessment of CIPP requires a good understanding of its short- and long-term material properties. Unfortunately, the material properties of CIPP have not been studied extensively. This study presents the results of the experimental investigations completed on reinforced and non-reinforced CIPP liners to better understand some of their material properties such as Long-Term Flexural Strengths (LTFS), Strength Retention Factors (SRF), Short-Term Burst Strengths, and Long-Term Hydrostatic Burst properties. Short-term flexural tests and 10,000-hour flexural creep-rupture tests were completed on both reinforced and non-reinforced CIPP flat coupon specimens and the results were plotted and extrapolated to determine their short-term flexural strengths and 50-year (expected service life) LTFS respectively. The LTFS for non-reinforced CIPP liners was determined to be 83.3% - 84.4% of the first break stress. Reinforced CIPP test samples were found to sustain applied stress without failure up to 5% strain limit, and that creep failure will not occur in reinforced CIPP specimens load to 95 percent of the ASTM D790 short-term yield stress. The long-term SRFs of both reinforced and non-reinforced CIPP are greater than the typically applied 50% retention factor. Full-scale reinforced CIPP pressure liners used for the renovation of watermains were tested using a University of Waterloo designed, built, validated, and commissioned burst testing facility. Short-term burst tests were completed on 150mm and 200mm OD CIPP pressure liners and their short-term burst pressures were determined. Long-term hydrostatic tests were completed on the 200mm OD CIPP pressure liners using the Hydrostatic Design Basis (HDB) standard testing methods. This is in line with the industry-recognized design and classification standard used for other watermain renovation products such as PVC, HDPE, and GRP. The long-term material properties of CIPP pressure liners such as Long-term Hydrostatic Strengths (LTHS), Hydrostatic Design Basis (HDB) stress, Hydrostatic Design Stress (HDS), and Pressure Rating (PR) were determined. The long-term hydrostatic properties of CIPP pressure liners compared well with those of other watermain renovation products. This establishes the HDB design and classification approach as appropriate for designing and classifying CIPP pressure liners. HDB testing found that the CIPP liners is approximately 4 times lower than the short-term burst value. Show more
• No Thumbnail Available Item The Literary Example as Philosophical Methodology: Fricker’s Epistemic Injustice and Arpaly’s Unprincipled Virtue ( University of Waterloo , 2024-08-16 ) Chernak, Ezri Show more The question of the moral and cognitive content of literature has classical bona fides that imply it is a foundational question for philosophy, but philosophical interest in it has been narrow and intermittent. Conversely, narrative examples have been so ubiquitous in philosophy the methodologies underlying their use have seldom been made the center of philosophical inquiry. In this thesis, I make a comparative analysis of Miranda Fricker's Epistemic Injustice and Nomy Arpaly's Unprincipled Virtue, arguing their use of literary examples both relies on the unique properties of the literary example, and is conceptually productive rather than merely evidentiary or illustrative. Show more
• No Thumbnail Available Item Mitigating Signalling Storms in 5G ( University of Waterloo , 2024-08-16 ) Zhang, Bohan Show more Over the past 45 years, cellular networks have evolved from a luxury service for the few to an indispensable necessity for everyone, giving rise to countless new applications. This remarkable technological advancement has fundamentally transformed everyone’s life. The latest fifth generation (5G) promises unprecedented performance in terms of latency, throughput, and subscriber density, as well as groundbreaking new services like autonomous driving, remote surgery, smart cities, and ubiquitous coverage. However, numerous challenges exist in achieving these promises, with one of the most significant being the vulnerability to signalling storm. A signalling storm occurs when the volume of control signals exceeds the network’s processing capacity, leading to service disruptions. During these disruptions, retries from the users and network entities amplify the problem, creating a snowball effect. This persistent threat, present since the era of the third generation (3G), remains a major concern in 5G networks. Over the past decade, signalling storms have caused severe outages worldwide, affecting millions of lives, resulting in financial losses amounting to millions of dollars, and millions of subscriber hours lost. With the transition from the fourth generation (4G) to 5G, network elements have been virtualized and assigned more granular tasks, significantly increasing their numbers and the number of signals required to complete system procedures. From the subscriber’s perspective, the enriched diversity of application scenarios and the increase in subscriber numbers have exponentially raised the complexity of network resource management and orchestration. Notably, the massive number of globally roaming cellular IoT devices with limited security features are susceptible to being compromised to execute low-cost Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks on operators worldwide. Due to the significant losses in the past, governments, operators, and academia consider signalling storms a major threat to 5G. This thesis investigates past cases and numerous industry white papers, research articles, and 3GPP standards, summarizing the causes, scenarios, and mitigation solutions for signalling storms in 5G. Following these investigations, we propose a blockchain-assisted 5G Authentication and Key Agreement protocol to mitigate registration signalling storms. We also introduce a secure and efficient group handover protocol to address handover signalling storms in 5G Low Earth Orbit satellite non-terrestrial networks (NTN). Furthermore, we design a signalling load-aware conditional handover to reduce signalling peak in 5G NTN. Network capacity has always been a driving force behind the evolution of cellular networks. We hope this work will shed light on the future design of 5G and beyond cellular networks. Show more
• No Thumbnail Available Item On K-theoretic polynomials and the chromatic symmetric function ( University of Waterloo , 2024-08-16 ) Pierson, Laura Show more This thesis explores various problems related to polynomials from combinatorial K-theory and/or to the chromatic symmetric function. We prove four main results: 1. Two alternating sum formulas involving K-theoretic polynomials, conjectured by Monical, Pechenik, and Searles (2021). 2. The fact that certain properties of a graph can be recovered from its Kromatic symmetric function. 3. A power sum expansion for the Kromatic symmetric function, which we show has integer coefficients. 4. Formulas for certain pieces of the chromatic symmetric homology for star graphs. The organization is as follows: In Chapter 1, we introduce background on symmetric functions and K-theory. The basic idea of K-theory is to deform cohomology rings by introducing an extra parameter β, often set to -1. In Chapter 2, we prove an alternating sum conjecture of Monical, Pechenik, and Searles (2021) concerning four different sets of K-theoretic polynomials: the Lascoux atoms, the kaons, the quasiLascoux polynomials, and the glide polynomials. Monical, Pechenik, and Searles (2021) proved that the coefficients in the kaon expansion of the Lascoux atoms and the coefficients in the glide expansion of the quasiLascoux polynomials are monomials in β. We prove their conjecture that for β = -1, the sum of the coefficients in each of these expansions is always either 0 or 1. In Chapter 3, we give background on the chromatic symmetric function (introduced by Stanley (1995)), and its K-analogue, the Kromatic symmetric function (introduced by Crew, Pechenik and Spirkl (2023)). A proper coloring of a graph is a way of assigning a color to each vertex such that adjacent vertices always receive different colors. The chromatic symmetric function is computed by assigning a variable to each color then summing the monomials for all proper colorings of G, where in each monomial, the exponent of each variable is the number of times that color is used. The Kromatic symmetric function is defined similarly except that the monomials correspond to proper set colorings, meaning each vertex is assigned a nonempty set of colors such that adjacent vertices have non-overlapping color sets. In Chapter 4, we study a question posed by Crew, Pechenik, and Spirkl (2023) about how much information about a graph can be recovered from its Kromatic symmetric function. It is known to be a stronger graph invariant than the chromatic symmetric function, and we conjecture that it is in fact a complete invariant that distinguishes all graphs. As evidence toward this conjecture, we prove that the number of copies in G of certain induced subgraphs can be recovered from its Kromatic symmetric function. In Chapter 5, we give a formula for the expansion of the Kromatic symmetric function using a K-analogue for the power sum basis of the ring of symmetric functions. We show that this expansion has all integer coefficients, as conjectured by Crew, Pechenik, and Spirkl (2023). In Chapter 6, we study the chromatic symmetric homology, which is a categorification of the chromatic symmetric function introduced by Sazdanovic and Yip (2018). We compute the multiplicity of certain Specht modules in in the case where G is a star graph, confirming and extending some conjectures of Chandler, Sazdanovic, Stella, and Yip (2023). Show more
• No Thumbnail Available Item Design and Density Control of a Swarm of Bimodal Particles ( University of Waterloo , 2024-08-16 ) Shaw, Justine Show more In this thesis, we present the design and control of a swarm of bimodal particles that switch their geometric shape between two modes. The particles are designed and 3D printed using layers of thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU) and polylactic acid(PLA) materials and are shaped like dodecahedrons. The switching control of the geometric shape is due to the particles reaction with an external stimuli of temperature, inducing switching between a open mode classified as mode 1 and an closed mode classified as mode 2. To enact the changes in geometric shape various temperature based hot and cold programming methods were conducted using water and artificial and natural heat sources. To quantify the aggregation of the swarm and control the switching motion we utilize the metric of the Motility-Induced Phase Separation (MIPS) index. To control the particles using the MIPS index we identify the motion model of the swarm as a Brownian particle or a noisy unicycle, having different parameters for both modes. In this research we experimentally validate the noise parameters that directly affect the motion of the particles thus affecting the MIPS index, and allowing us to control the swarm more directly. Simulations in MATLAB were conducted to characterize this switching behavior using the identified noise parameters and using the identified noise parameters the aggregation of the swarm in both modes were identified. Our simulations demonstrate that with identified noise parameters that affect the particles motion, desired swarm aggregation can be achieved using simple robots that are capable of changing their geometric shape. This research highlights how the simplicity of hardware design of a single agent can achieve aggregations for swarms which enable various environmental sensing tasks to be achieved. Show more

• 1 (current)

Profile | Who is Rachael Gunn? Paris Olympics’ Australian breakdancer who became internet meme

• In videos of her performances shared online, B-Girl Raygun was seen hopping around like a kangaroo and touching her toes while lying down

Among the various breakers competing in the Paris Olympics, one in particular has taken the internet by storm: Australia’s Rachael Gunn.

In videos of her performances shared online, B-Girl Raygun was seen hopping around like a kangaroo, touching her toes while lying down and seemingly squirming around on the dance floor.

Netizens were quick to pick up on Gunn’s unusual moves and catapulted her to internet fame with thousands memes.

But who is she? Let’s take a look.

Early years

Born in Hornsby in New South Wales, Gunn was a former jazz and ballroom dancer. She was introduced to breaking by the man she later married, who had been practising for 10 years.

Although Gunn grew up dancing, she did not start competing in breaking competitions until her mid-twenties.

“I wasn’t a sporty kid, I was more of a dance kid,” Gunn had said. “I never thought the Olympics would be on the cards for me. It’s such a privilege and it’s hugely exciting.”

Breakdancing career

Gunn graduated university with her PHD thesis focusing on ‘the intersection of gender and Sydney’s breaking culture’ in 2017.

By 2020, Gunn worked her way up to become the Australian Breaking Association’s top ranked B-Girl.

She took part at the World Breaking Championships in Paris in 2021 and in Seoul 12 months later, and qualified for the Paris Games via the Oceania Championships in October 2023.

“I think a lot of people had doubted my ability to do it and maybe thought I was getting too old to be able to stay on top,” she said. “But I just kept pushing hard, I want to get better, and I want the scene to grow and get better.

Gunn’s experience had also influenced her beyond the dance floor as well.

She is a lecturer at the Department of Media, Communications, Creative Arts, Language and Literature at Macquarie University, where her biography states that she is an interdisciplinary and practice-based researcher interested in the cultural politics of breaking.

Internet fame

Despite Gunn’s experience in the discipline, her unique performance at the Paris Olympics quickly went viral on social media.

She finished the group phase with no points, which led many to question how she earned qualification.

Despite the jokes, Gunn defended her performance.

“I was never going to beat these girls on what they do best, the dynamic and the power moves, so I wanted to move differently, be artistic and creative because how many chances do you get in a lifetime to do that on an international stage?,” she said.

“I was always the underdog and wanted to make my mark in a different way.”

The memes drew an impassioned defence from Australia’s chef de mission Anna Meares as she hit out at “trolls and keyboard warriors”.

“If you don’t know Rachael’s story, in 2008, she was locked in a room crying, being involved in a male dominated sport as the only woman and it took great courage for her to continue on and fight for her opportunity to participate in a sport that she loved,” she said.

Meares noted that Gunn was the best female breakdancer the country had and was an “absolutely loved member” of the Olympic team.

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The Australian Professor Who Turned Breaking on Its Head

Rachael Gunn, known as B-girl Raygun, displayed some … unique moves as she competed in a field with breakers half her age. The judges and the internet were underwhelmed.

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By Dodai Stewart and Talya Minsberg

Reporting from Paris

Breaking made its debut as an Olympic sport Friday, and among the competitors was Dr. Rachael Gunn, also known as B-girl Raygun, a 36-year-old professor from Sydney, Australia, who stood out in just about every way.

By day, her research interests include “dance, gender politics, and the dynamics between theoretical and practical methodologies.” But on the world’s stage in Paris, wearing green track pants and a green polo shirt instead of the street-style outfits of her much younger fellow breakers, she competed against the 21-year-old Logan Edra of the United States, known as Logistx.

During the round robin, as Raygun and Logistx faced off, Raygun laid on her side, reached for her toes, spun around, and threw in a kangaroo hop — a nod to her homeland. She performed a move that looked something like swimming and another that could best be described as duckwalking. The high-speed back and head spins that other breakers would demonstrate were mostly absent.

The crowd cheered Raygun politely. The judges weren’t as kind. All nine voted for Logistx in both rounds of the competition; Logistx won, 18-0.

Online, Raygun’s performance quickly became a sensation, not necessarily in a flattering way.

“The more I watch the videos of Raygun, the Aussie breaker, the more I get annoyed,” one viewer posted on X, formerly known as Twitter. “There’s 27.7 million Australians in the world and that’s who they send to the Olympics for this inaugural event??? C’mon now!”

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