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Dream Pool Essays

Because I had only my writing brush and ink slab to converse with, I call it Brush Talks .

As the historian Chen Dengyuan points out, much of Shen Kuo's written work was probably purged under the leadership of minister Cai Jing (1046–1126). [8] For example, only six of Shen's books remain, and four of these have been significantly altered since the time they were penned by the author. [9] The Dream Pool Essays was first quoted in a Chinese written work of 1095 AD, showing that even towards the end of Shen's life his final book was becoming widely printed . [10] The book was originally 30 chapters long, yet an unknown Chinese author's edition of 1166 AD edited and reorganized the work into 26 chapters. [10] There is one surviving copy of this 1166 edition now in Japan, while a Chinese reprint was produced in 1305. [10] In 1631 another edition was printed, but it was heavily reorganized into three broad chapters. [10]

In modern times, Zhang Jiaju's biographical work Shen Kuo (1962) contains selected translations of the Dream Pool Essays from Middle Chinese into modern Vernacular Chinese . [11] The Dream Pool Essays has also been translated from Chinese into various foreign languages. Various volumes of Joseph Needham 's Science and Civilization in China series published since 1954 contain a large amount of selected English translations of the Dream Pool Essays . [12] The Brush Talks from Dream Brook is the first complete English translation, presented in two volumes by translators Wang Hong and Zhao Zheng, and published in 2008 by the Sichuan People’s Publishing House , China. A Japanese translation of the 1166 Chinese edition was prepared by the History of Science Seminar, Institute for Research in Humanities (Jimbun Kagaku Kenkyusho) for Kyoto University , and printed by the author Umehara Kaoru in his 3-volume edition of Bokei hitsudan (1978–1981). [12] Quoted excerpts from the Dream Pool Essays in French were printed in the written works of J. Brenier in 1989 [ a ] and J. F. Billeter in 1993. [ b ] A complete German translation is offered in Shen Kuo: Pinselunterhaltungen am Traumbach. Das Gesamte Wissen des Alten China , translated and edited by Konrad Herrmann, and published in 1997 by Diederichs Verlag Munich (Gelbe Reihe Magnum, vol. I).

Geological theory

With Shen's writings on fossils , geomorphology , and shifting geographical climates , he states in the following passages:

In the Zhi-ping reign period [1064–67 AD] a man of Zezhou was digging a well in his garden, and unearthed something shaped like a squirming serpent, or dragon. He was so frightened by it that he dared not touch it, but after some time, seeing that it did not move, he examined it and found it to be stone. The ignorant country people smashed it, but Zheng Boshun, who was magistrate of Jincheng at the time, got hold of a large piece of it on which scale-like markings were to be seen exactly like those on a living creature. Thus a serpent or some kind of marine snake ( chhen ) had certainly been turned to stone, as happens with the 'stone-crabs'. [13] [14]

In recent years [cca. 1080] there was a landslide on the bank of a large river in Yong-ning Guan near Yanzhou. The bank collapsed, opening a space of several dozens of feet, and under the ground a forest of bamboo shoots was thus revealed. It contained several hundred bamboo with their roots and trunks all complete, and all turned to stone...Now bamboos do not grow in Yanzhou. These were several dozens of feet below the present surface of the ground, and we do not know in what dynasty they could possibly have grown. Perhaps in very ancient times the climate was different so that the place was low, damp, gloomy, and suitable for bamboos. On the Jin-hua Shan in Wuzhou there are stone pine-cones, and stones formed from peach kernels, stone bulrush roots, stone fishes, crabs, and so on, but as these are all (modern) native products of that place, people are not very surprised at them. But these petrified bamboos appeared under the ground so deep, though they are not produced in that place today. This is a very strange thing. [14] [15]

When the Director of the Astronomical Observatory asked Shen Kuo if the shapes of the sun and moon were round like balls or flat like fans, Shen Kuo explained his reasoning for the former:

If they were like balls they would surely obstruct each other when they met. I replied that these celestial bodies were certainly like balls. How do we know this? By the waxing and waning of the moon. The moon itself gives forth no light, but is like a ball of silver; the light is the light of the sun (reflected). When the brightness is first seen, the sun(-light passes almost) alongside, so the side only is illuminated and looks like a crescent. When the sun gradually gets further away, the light shines slanting, and the moon is full, round like a bullet. If half of a sphere is covered with (white) powder and looked at from the side, the covered part will look like a crescent; if looked at from the front, it will appear round. Thus we know that the celestial bodies are spherical. [16]

When the director of the astronomical observatory asked Shen Kuo why eclipses occurred only on an occasional basis while in conjunction and opposition once a day, Shen Kuo wrote:

I answered that the ecliptic and the moon's path are like two rings, lying one over the other, but distant by a small amount. (If this obliquity did not exist), the sun would be eclipsed whenever the two bodies were in conjunction, and the moon would be eclipsed whenever they were exactly in position. But (in fact) though they may occupy the same degree, the two paths are not (always) near (each other), and so naturally the bodies do not (intrude) upon one another. [16]

On the use of the sighting tube to fix the position of the pole star , Shen Kuo wrote:

Before Han times it was believed that the pole star was in the center of the sky, so it was called Jixing (Summit star). Zu Geng(-zhi) found out with the help of the sighting tube that the point in the sky which really does not move was a little more than 1 degree away from the summit star. In the Xining reign-period (1068–1077) I accepted the order of the emperor to take charge of the Bureau of the Calendar . I then tried to find the true pole by means of the tube. On the very first night I noticed that the star which could be seen through the tube moved after a while outside the field of view. I realized, therefore, that the tube was too small, so I increased the size of the tube by stages. After three months' trials I adjusted it so that the star would go round and round within the field of view without disappearing. In this way I found that the pole star was distant from the true pole somewhat more than 3 degrees. We used to make the diagrams of the field, plotting the positions of the star from the time when it entered the field of view, observing after nightfall, at midnight, and early in the morning before dawn. Two hundred of such diagrams showed that the 'pole star' was really a circumpolar star . And this I stated in my detailed report to the emperor. [17]

Movable type printing

On the methods of Bi Sheng 's invention of movable type printing between the years 1041 to 1048 AD, Shen Kuo wrote:

[Bi Sheng] took sticky clay and cut in it characters as thin as the edge of a coin. Each character formed, as it were, a single type. He baked them in the fire to make them hard. He had previously prepared an iron plate and he had covered his plate with a mixture of pine resin, wax, and paper ashes. When he wished to print, he took an iron frame and set it on the iron plate. In this he placed the types, set close together. When the frame was full, the whole made one solid block of type. He then placed it near the fire to warm it. When the paste [at the back] was slightly melted, he took a smooth board and pressed it over the surface, so that the block of type became as even as a whetstone. If one were to print only two or three copies, this method would be neither simple nor easy. But for printing hundreds or thousands of copies, it was marvelously quick. As a rule he kept two forms going. While the impression was being made from the one form, the type was being put in place on the other. When the printing of the one form was finished, the other was then ready. In this way the two forms alternated and the printing was done with great rapidity. [18]

Personal beliefs and philosophy

Of Taoism and the inability of empirical science to explain everything in the world, Shen Kuo wrote:

Those in the world who speak of the regularities underlying the phenomena, it seems, manage to apprehend their crude traces. But these regularities have their very subtle aspect, which those who rely on mathematical astronomy cannot know of. Still even these are nothing more than traces. As for the spiritual processes described in the [ Book of Changes ] that "when they are stimulated, penetrate every situation in the realm," mere traces have nothing to do with them. This spiritual state by which foreknowledge is attained can hardly be sought through changes, of which in any case only the cruder sort are attainable. What I have called the subtlest aspect of these traces, those who discuss the celestial bodies attempt to know by depending on mathematical astronomy; but astronomy is nothing more than the outcome of conjecture. [19]

Dissertation on the Timberwork Manual

Below are two passages from Shen's book outlining the basics contained in Yu Hao 's Timberwork Manual . Yu Hao was a Chinese architect of the earlier 10th, and Kuo was one to praise his work. In the first quote, Shen Kuo describes a scene where Yu Hao gives advice to another artisan architect about slanting struts for diagonal wind bracing:

When Mr. Qian (Wei-yan) was Governor of the two Zhejiang provinces, he authorized the building of a wooden pagoda at the Fan-tian Si ( Brahma -Heaven Temple) in Hangzhou with a design of twice three stories. While it was under construction General Chhien went up to the top and was worried because it swayed a little. But the Master-Builder explained that as the tiles had not yet been put on, the upper part was still rather light, hence the effect. So then they put on all the tiles, but the sway continued as before. Being at a loss what to do, he privately sent his wife to see the wife of Yu Hao with a present of golden hair pins , and enquire about the cause of the motion. (Yu) Hao laughed and said: 'That's easy, just fit in struts (pan) to settle the work, fixed with (iron) nails , and it will not move any more.' The Master-Builder followed his advice, and the tower stood quite firm. This is because the nailed struts filled in and bound together (all the members) up and down so that the six planes (above and below, front and back, left and right) were mutually linked like the cage of the thorax . Although people might walk on the struts, the six planes grasped and supported each other, so naturally there could be no more motion. Everybody acknowledged the expertise thus shown. [20]

In this next quote, Shen Kuo describes the dimensions and types of architecture outlined in Yu Hao's book:

Methods of building construction are described in the Timberwork Manual , which, some say, was written by Yu Hao . (According to that book), buildings have three basic units of proportion, what is above the cross-beams follows the Upperwork Unit, what is above the ground floor follows the Middlework Unit, and everything below that (platforms, foundations, paving, etc.) follows the Lowerwork Unit. The length of the cross-beams will naturally govern the lengths of the uppermost cross-beams as well as the rafters, etc. Thus for a (main) cross-beam of (8   ft) length, an uppermost cross-beam of (3.5   ft) length will be needed. (The proportions are maintained) in larger and smaller halls. This (2/28) is the Upperwork Unit. Similarly, the dimensions of the foundations must match the dimensions of the columns to be used, as also those of the (side-) rafters , etc. For example, a column (11   ft) high will need a platform (4.5   ft) high. So also for all the other components, corbelled brackets, projecting rafters, other rafters, all have their fixed proportions. All these follow the Middlework Unit (2/24). Now below of ramps (and steps) there are three kinds, steep, easy-going, and intermediate. In places these gradients are based upon a unit derived from the imperial litters. Steep ramps are ramps for ascending which the leading and trailing bearers have to extend their arms fully down and up respectively (ratio 3/35). Easy-going ramps are those for which the leaders use elbow length and the trailers shoulder height (ratio 1/38); intermediate ones are negotiated by the leaders with downstretched arms and trailers at shoulder height (ratio 2/18). These are the Lowerwork Units. The book (of Yu Hao) had three chapters. But builders in recent years have become much more precise and skillful (yen shan) than formerly. Thus for some time past the old Timberwork Manual has fallen out of use. But (unfortunately) there is hardly anybody capable of writing a new one. To do that would be a masterpiece in itself! [21]

Botany and zoology

Shen Kuo described the natural predator insect similarly shaped to the gou-he ("dog-grubs") which preyed upon the agricultural pest infestation of zi-fang , the moth Leucania separata : [22]

In the Yuan-Feng reign period (1078–1085), in the Qingzhou region, an outbreak of zi-fang insects caused serious damage to the crops in the fields in autumn. Suddenly another insect appeared in swarms of thousands and tens of thousands, covering the entire ground area. It was shaped like earth-burrowing gou-he (dog grubs), and its mouth was flanked by pincers. Whenever it met a zi-fang , it would seize it with the pincers and break the poor beast into two bits. Within ten days all the zi-fang had disappeared, so the locality had an abundant harvest. Such kinds of insects have been known since antiquity and the local people call them pang-bu-ken ("not allowing other [insects] to be"). [22]

Natural phenomena

Around 1078, Shen Kuo wrote an accurate description of the damaging effects of lightning to buildings and to the specific materials of objects within. Taking an objective and speculative viewpoint, he stated:

A house belonging to Li Shunju was struck by lightning. Brilliant sparkling light was seen under the eaves. Everyone thought that the hall would be burnt, and those who were inside rushed out. After the thunder had abated, the house was found to be alright, though its walls and the paper on the windows were blackened. On certain wooden shelves, certain lacquered vessels with silver mouths had been struck by the lightning, so that the silver had melted and dropped to the ground, but the lacquer was not even scorched. Also, a valuable sword made of strong steel had been melted to liquid, without the parts of the house nearby being affected. One would have thought that the thatch and wood would have been burnt up first, yet here were metals melted and no injury to thatch and wood. This is beyond the understanding of ordinary people. There are Buddhist books which speak of 'dragon fire' which burns more fiercely when it meets with water instead of being extinguished by water like 'human' fire. [ i ] Most people can only judge of things by the experiences of ordinary life, but phenomena outside the scope of this are really quite numerous. How insecure it is to investigate natural principles using only the light of common knowledge, and subjective ideas. [23]

"Strange Happenings"

A passage called "Strange Happenings" contains a peculiar account of an unidentified flying object . Shen wrote that, during the reign of Emperor Renzong (1022–1063), an object as bright as a pearl occasionally hovered over the city of Yangzhou at night, but described first by local inhabitants of eastern Anhui and then in Jiangsu . [24] Shen wrote that a man near Xingkai Lake observed this curious object; allegedly it:

...opened its door and a flood of intense light like sunbeams darted out of it, then the outer shell opened up, appearing as large as a bed with a big pearl the size of a fist illuminating the interior in silvery white. The intense silver-white light, shot from the interior, was too strong for human eyes to behold; it cast shadows of every tree within a radius of ten miles. The spectacle was like the rising Sun, lighting up the distant sky and woods in red. Then all of a sudden, the object took off at a tremendous speed and descended upon the lake like the Sun setting. [25]

Shen went on to say that Yibo, a poet of Gaoyou , wrote a poem about this "pearl" after witnessing it. Shen wrote that since the "pearl" often made an appearance around Fanliang in Yangzhou, the people there erected a "Pearl Pavilion" on a wayside, where people came by boat in hopes to see the mysterious flying object. [26]

Around 1065 Shen Kuo wrote about the assembly methods for swords , and the patterns produced in the steel: [27]

Ancient people use chi kang , (combined steel), for the edge, and jou thieh (soft iron) for the back, otherwise it would often break. Too strong a weapon will cut and destroy its own edge; that is why it is advisable to use nothing but combined steel. As for the yu-chhang (fish intestines) effect, it is what is now called the 'snake-coiling' steel sword, or alternatively, the 'pine tree design'. If you cook a fish fully and remove its bones, the shape of its guts will be seen to be like the lines on a 'snake-coiling sword'. [28]

Chinese clothing

Shen Kuo observed that the Chinese since some centuries prior had entirely adopted barbarian fashions.

中國衣冠，自北齊以來，乃全用胡服。窄袖、緋綠短衣、長靿靴、有鞢帶，皆胡服也。窄袖利於馳射，短衣、長靿皆便於涉草。胡人樂茂草，常寢處其間，予使北時皆見之。雖王庭亦在深荐中。予至胡庭日，新雨過，涉草，衣褲皆濡，唯胡人都無所沾。帶衣所垂蹀躞，蓋欲佩帶弓劍、帨、算囊、刀勵之類。 The clothing of China since the Northern Qi [550–557] onward has been entirely made barbarian. Narrow sleeves, short dark red or green robes, tall boots and metal girdle ornaments are all barbarian garb. The narrow sleeves are useful when shooting while galloping. The short robes and tall boots are convenient when passing through tall grass. The barbarians all enjoy thick grass as they always sleep in it. I saw them all do it when I was sent north. Even the king's court is in the deep grasses. On the day I had arrived at the barbarian court the new rains had passed and I waded through the grass. My robes and trousers were all soaked, but the barbarians were not at all wet. With things hanging from robe and belt they walk about. One perhaps might want to hang items like a bow and blade, handkerchief, coin purse or knife from the belt.

Book chapters

On the humanities:

• Official life and the imperial court (60 paragraphs)
• Academic and examination matters (10 paragraphs)
• Literary and artistic (70 paragraphs)
• Law and police (11 paragraphs)
• Military (25 paragraphs)
• Miscellaneous stories and anecdotes (72 paragraphs)
• Divination , magic , and folklore (22 paragraphs)

On natural sciences:

• On the I Ching , Yin and Yang , and 5 elements (7 paragraphs)
• Mathematics (11 paragraphs)
• Astronomy and calendar (19 paragraphs)
• Meteorology (18 paragraphs)
• Geology and mineralogy (17 paragraphs)
• Geography and cartography (15 paragraphs)
• Physics (6 paragraphs)
• Chemistry (3 paragraphs)
• Engineering , metallurgy , and technology (18 paragraphs)
• Irrigation and hydraulic engineering (6 paragraphs)
• Architecture (6 paragraphs)
• Biological sciences, botany , and zoology (52 paragraphs)
• Agricultural arts (6 paragraphs)
• Medicine and pharmaceutics (23 paragraphs)

Humanistic sciences:

• Anthropology (6 paragraphs)
• Archeology (21 paragraphs)
• Philology (36 paragraphs)
• Music (44 paragraphs)

(Total number of paragraphs = 584) [29]

• Chinese classics
• Chinese literature
• History of science and technology in China
• List of Chinese writers
• Technology of the Song dynasty
• ^   a:   Shen Gua (1031–1091) et les Sciences, Revue d'Histoire des Sciences et de Leurs Applications (1989)
• ^   b:   Florilège des notes du Ruisseau des rêves ( Mengxi bitan ) de Shen Gua (1031–1095) by Jean-François Billeter and 31 of his Geneva University students, in Études Asiatiques (1993)
• ^   i:   See Greek fire

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• ↑ Sivin (1995), III, 22.
• ↑ Mohn (2003), 1.
• ↑ Bowman (2000), 105.
• ↑ Needham (1986), Volume 4, Part 3, 660.
• ↑ Sivin (1995), III, 9.
• ↑ in his biography in the Dictionary of Scientific Biography (New York 1970–1990)
• ↑ Sivin, III, 44.
• ↑ Sivin, III, 44–45.
• 1 2 3 4 Sivin, III, 45.
• ↑ 张家驹 (1962). 沈括 . 上海人民出版社.
• 1 2 Sivin (1995), III, 49.
• ↑ Needham, Volume 3, 618.
• 1 2 Chan, 15.
• ↑ Needham, Volume 3, 614.
• 1 2 Needham, Volume 3, 415–416.
• ↑ Needham, Volume 3, 262.
• ↑ Needham, Volume 5, Part 1, 201.
• ↑ Ropp, 170.
• ↑ Needham, Volume 4, Part 3, 141.
• ↑ Needham, Volume 4, 82–84.
• 1 2 Needham, Volume 6, Part 1, 545.
• ↑ Needham, Volume 3, 482.
• ↑ Dong (2000), 69. (Professor Zhang Longqiao of the Chinese Department of Peking Teachers' College , who popularized this account in Beijing's Guang Ming Daily on February 18, 1979, in an article called "Could It Be That A Visitor From Outer Space Visited China Long Ago?", states is "a clue that a flying craft from some other planet once landed somewhere near Yangzhou in China.")
• ↑ Dong (2000), 69–70.
• ↑ Dong (2000), 70–71.
• ↑ "A History of Metallography" by Cyril Smith (1960)
• ↑ "A History of Metallography" by Cyril Smith (1960) Page 45
• ↑ Needham, Volume 1, 136.

Bibliography

• Bowman, John S. (2000). Columbia Chronologies of Asian History and Culture . New York: Columbia University Press.
• Chan, Alan Kam-leung and Gregory K. Clancey, Hui-Chieh Loy (2002). Historical Perspectives on East Asian Science, Technology and Medicine. Singapore: Singapore University Press ISBN   9971-69-259-7
• Mohn, Peter (2003). Magnetism in the Solid State: An Introduction . New York: Springer-Verlag Inc. ISBN   3-540-43183-7 .
• Needham, Joseph (1986). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 1, Introductory Orientations . Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd.
• Needham, Joseph (1986). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 3, Mathematics and the Sciences of the Heavens and the Earth . Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd.
• Needham, Joseph (1986). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 4, Physics and Physical Technology, Part 3: Civil Engineering and Nautics . Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd.
• Needham, Joseph (1986). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 5, Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Part 1: Paper and Printing . Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd.
• Needham, Joseph (1986). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 6, Biology and Biological Technology, Part 1: Botany . Taipei, Caves Books Ltd.
• Sivin, Nathan (1995). Science in Ancient China: Researches and Reflections . Brookfield, Vermont: VARIORUM, Ashgate Publishing.
• Ropp, Paul S. (1990). Heritage of China: Contemporary Perspectives on Chinese History. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN   978-0-520-06440-9

Further reading

• Fu, Daiwie . " On Mengxi Bitan’s world of marginalities and “south-pointing needles”. Fragment translation vs. contextual translation ." ( Archive ) In: Alleton, Vivianne and Michael Lackner (editors). De l'un au multiple: traductions du chinois vers les langues européennes Translations from Chinese into European Languages . Éditions de la maison des sciences de l'homme (MSH), 1999, Paris . p.   176–201. ISBN   273510768X , 9782735107681.
• Fu, Daiwie. " Mengxi Bitan as an example of organization of knowledge in Song biji ." Sinologie française 6 ( special issue on the history of science and technology ): 269–290.

External links

• Shen Kua: mathematician, engineer, physicist, and astronomer Archived 2011-08-17 at the Wayback Machine
• Works by Shen Kuo at Project Gutenberg

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(1178–1249) (1190–1230) (1199–1295) (1210–1269) (1222–1307) (1235–1305) Wang Anshi (1021–1086) Joint-stock company Southern Song dynasty coinage Champa rice Zhu Fan Zhi Gunpowder weapons Wujing Zongyao Early Bessemer process Endless power transmitting chain drive Astronomical clock Movable type Mengxi Bitan: Dream Pool Essays “Dream Pool Essays” is a milestone in the history of Chinese science, a collection of notes written by the scientist Shen Kuo during the Northern Song Dynasty . This work covers various fields and topics, including nature, history, politics, economy, and culture, earning it recognition as one of the significant works in the history of Chinese science. what is the dream pool essays “Supplementary Essays” comprises three volumes, covering eleven of the aforementioned topics. “Continuation of Essays” is a single volume without further subdivision. The entire work consists of six hundred and nine entries (with slight variations in different versions), addressing a wide range of fields, including astronomy, calendars, meteorology, geology, geography, physics, chemistry, biology, agriculture, water conservancy, architecture , medicine , history, literature, arts, human affairs, military, law, and more. Among these entries, those related to humanities such as anthropology, archaeology, linguistics, and music constitute approximately 18% of the total entries. Entries related to natural sciences make up about 36%, while the remaining 46% cover human affairs data, military matters, law, and miscellaneous anecdotes. In “Dream Pool Essays,” Shen Kuo adopts a note-style format to document his observations, thoughts, and feelings across various fields. He provides detailed descriptions and discussions on natural phenomena, scientific technologies, cultural arts, and more. The language is concise and clear, offering a diverse and rich content that holds high academic and literary value. In the Where Is The Heirloom Seal Of The Realm?-Imperial Jade Seal " target=_blank rel=noopener>realm of nature, Shen Kuo meticulously records observations and discoveries in geography, astronomy, and meteorology. Through observations and measurements of celestial bodies, he posits conclusions such as “the moon has a fixed height, and the sun has a fixed path,” contributing crucial references for later astronomical research. Additionally, he delves into in-depth studies and discussions on climate, hydrology, soil, and presents many insightful perspectives. Regarding history, Shen Kuo provides detailed accounts and evaluations of historical events, figures, and systems during the Northern Song Dynasty. His analysis and scrutiny of historical events reveal political corruption, bureaucratic issues, leading to reform suggestions. Furthermore, he conducts research and verification on ancient historical events, artifacts, and documents, offering essential references for subsequent historical studies. In the cultural domain, Shen Kuo conducts in-depth research and discussion on literature, arts, education, and other aspects of the Northern Song Dynasty. He evaluates literary works, artistic styles, educational systems, and offers reform suggestions. Additionally, he records and studies folk culture, folk beliefs, and other aspects of the contemporary culture. who wrote the dream pool essays “Dream Pool Essays” was written by Shen Kuo during his later years while residing in Dream Brook Garden in Runzhou (modern-day Zhenjiang, Jiangsu). This comprehensive work encompasses the culmination of his lifelong research, spanning a wide range of fields and boasting rich content. The book is divided into three parts: “Essays,” “Supplementary Essays,” and “Continuation of Essays,” comprising a total of 30 volumes. “Essays” primarily records Shen Kuo’s scientific research findings and personal reflections, covering topics in astronomy, geography, mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, and more. “Supplementary Essays” focuses on topics such as astronomy, calendars, and meteorology, while “Continuation of Essays” delves into literature, arts, history, and other subjects. In “Dream Pool Essays,” Shen Kuo employs a note-style format to document his observations, thoughts, and feelings across various fields. He not only provides detailed descriptions and discussions on natural phenomena, scientific technologies, and cultural arts of the time but also conducts in-depth research and evaluation of historical events, figures, and systems. The language throughout the work is concise and clear, offering a diverse and rich content with high academic and literary value. Beyond his contributions to science, Shen Kuo achieved excellence in cultural and artistic realms. His literary works featured a unique style, characterized by concise and vivid language, profound thoughts, and garnered widespread praise from later literary figures and readers. Additionally, he excelled as a calligrapher and painter, with his artworks widely collected and studied. Motivation for Creation Writing time. The writing time of “Dream Pool Essays” has been a subject of various interpretations. Hu Daojing proposed that the essays were composed between 1086 and 1093, with the majority written after Shen Kuo settled in Runzhou in 1088. However, there have been alternative views, such as Li Yumin’s suggestion that the work was completed by October 1082. Still, the prevailing opinion supports Hu Daojing’s timeframe, suggesting that the work was written between 1086 and 1093. Title Origin The title “Dream Pool Essays” is derived from the Dream Pool Garden, where Shen Kuo completed the work. The term “Dream Pool” reflects the name of the garden. “Essays” is chosen because, during gatherings with guests in the garden, Shen Kuo often recorded conversations in his notebooks. Over time, as friends came and went, he felt as though he conversed primarily through writing, leading to the choice of “Essays.” The combination of the two terms results in the title “Dream Pool Essays.” dream pool essays meaning Secondly, the historical value of “Dream Pool Essays” is evident in several aspects: It provides unique insights into historical culture. “Dream Pool Essays” is not only a scientific work but also a cultural work. When recording historical culture, Shen Kuo not only focuses on factual statements but also delves into in-depth analysis and reflection on cultural phenomena. Through his observations and reflections on contemporary cultural arts, educational systems, and more, Shen Kuo presents many unique insights. These insights not only enrich our understanding of the culture of the Northern Song period but also provide new perspectives and ways of thinking about understanding and interpreting historical culture. Lastly, the impact of “Dream Pool Essays” extends beyond its time, profoundly influencing subsequent scientific research and cultural artistic creations. This work not only makes important contributions to science and technology but also offers important insights for understanding and reflecting on history. Today, “Dream Pool Essays” still holds significant practical relevance and academic value, offering important insights for our understanding of history and contemplation of the future. Leave a Comment Cancel Reply Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked * Recent Additions A: Runzhou Qu, Zhenjiang Shi, Jiangsu Sheng, China In "Dream Pool Essays" Shen Kuo Provides the Earliest Description of the Compass In 1086 Chinese scholar and scientist of the Song Dynasty Shen Kuo (Shen Gua) wrote   Dream Pool Essays   while virtually isolated on his lavish garden estate near modern-day Zhenjiang , in the southwest of Jiangsu province. Dream Pool Essays contained the earliest description of the principle of the compass —magnetizing a needle by rubbing its tip with lodestone, hanging the magnetic needle with one single strain of silk with a bit of wax attached to the center of the needle. Shen Kua pointed out that the needle prepared this way sometimes points south, sometimes points north. Timeline Themes Shen Kuo was an eminent scientist of the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127). He was an all-round scholar of astronomy, literature, physics, chemistry, calendars, geology, meteorology and medical science. He was also an outstanding engineer, an excellent military strategist and a tactful diplomat. He even made milestone contributions to art and literature. So Shen Kuo was well known for being knowledgeable in ancient China. Shen (1031-1095) was a native in Qian Tang of Zhejiang Province. He held a number of official posts during his life. He served as an envoy to the Liao Kingdom and led troops in battle. At one time he served as the highest financial official, and even director of the imperial observatory. Shen Kuo completed his famous scientific work Meng Xi Bi Tan (Dream Pool Essays) after retirement. In the book, he wrote a lot about the animals and plants he had seen when traveling through the country, such as giant clam in the South Sea, crocodile in Chaozhou, Chinese wolfberry in the northwest of China and jerboa in the desert of northern China. The book also introduced some methods to kill insect pests. Being learned in anatomy, Shen Kuo pointed out in Mengxi Bitan that human beings had pharynx and larynx, with pharynx for devouring food and larynx for ventilation. He also had profound knowledge about fossils. When visiting the Taihang Mountain in North China's Shanxi Province, he found fossilized seashells and noted the presence of ovoid stones like those often found on the seashore, leading him to conclude that at some time in the distant past, Shanxi had been located by the sea. Mengxi Bitan (Dream Pool Essays) was widely regarded as an important scientific works in ancient China. While in his thirties, Shen Kuo frequently dreamed of a place. In the dream, he ascended a hill, the summit of which was covered with brightly colored flowers and trees. Clear waters flowed at the base of the hill, banked on either side by dense woods. Later on, when traveling around, he was shocked to find a piece of land that was just the place in his dream. There he settled and wrote of the discoveries he had made in his lifetime. This extraordinary story is the origin of Shen's Mengxi Bitan (Dream Pool Essays). Shen Kuo was hundreds of years ahead of the Western scientists in the fields of astronomy, meteorology, geography, mineralogy, mathematics and the calendar. He was the first to discover that the compass does not point directly north, but to the magnetic north pole. In the field of mathematics, he developed techniques that laid the foundations for spherical trigonometry and high-order arithmetic progressions. Mengxi Bitan was a milestone in the history of Chinese science. Today, this amazing 1,000-year-old scientific work has been translated into a number of different languages, including English, French, German and Japanese. Editor: Feng Hui | | | | Constructed by Chinadaily.com.cn Copyright 2009 Ministry of Culture, P.R.China. All rights reserved Jump to navigation Search form Lapham’s quarterly, contributor. (1031 - 1095) Shen Kuo was a Chinese astronomer, mathematician, and high official best known for The Dream Pool Essays , his book of observations and thoughts. The book contains hundreds of separate essays on a wide variety of subjects, such as mathematics, astronomy, cartography, optics, and medicine, among others, as well as the first known mention of the magnetic compass and of movable type. Previous Shen Fu Next Lauren Lassabe Shepherd Issues Contributed Explore Issue Chinese tea classic texts All about Chinese tea classic texts, Chinese tea classic texts basic information. Friday, September 19, 2008 Dream Pool Essays Movable type printing Personal beliefs and philosophy, dissertation on the ''timberwork manual'', botany and zoology, book chapters of the meng xi bi tan, no comments:. Post a Comment Blog Archive Xuan He Bei Yuan Gong Cha Lu Treatise on Tea The Record of Tea The Classic of Tea Report on Water for Brewing Tea Pictorial of Tea Ware On Yixing Tea Pot Kao Pan Yu Shi Aquapark Akvamir Most Recent: Reviews ordered by most recent publish date in descending order. Detailed Reviews: Reviews ordered by recency and descriptiveness of user-identified themes such as wait time, length of visit, general tips, and location information. Also popular with travelers Aquapark Akvamir - All You Need to Know BEFORE You Go (2024) Novosibirsk Tourism Novosibirsk Hotels Bed and Breakfast Novosibirsk Flights to Novosibirsk Novosibirsk Restaurants Novosibirsk Attractions Novosibirsk Travel Forum Novosibirsk Photos Novosibirsk Map All Novosibirsk Hotels Novosibirsk Hotel Deals Fitness club - swimming pool - Novosibirsk Forum Europe     Russia     Siberian District     Novosibirsk Oblast     Novosibirsky District     Novosibirsk     Fitness club - swimming pool United Kingdom Forums United States Forums Europe Forums Canada Forums Asia Forums Central America Forums Africa Forums Caribbean Forums Mexico Forums South Pacific Forums South America Forums Middle East Forums Honeymoons and Romance Business Travel Train Travel Traveling With Disabilities Tripadvisor Support Solo Travel Bargain Travel Timeshares / Holiday Rentals Novosibirsk Oblast forums Novosibirsk forum Would like to know if there are any centrally located indoor/heated swimming pools that operate in late March early April? Thank you Perhaps the most popular is Remix chain. Operates all year round. Two of their three locations are pretty much centrally located (27 Narymskaya St. and 51 Gorkogo St.). All information in Russian though; I can contact them for you to find out the details, if you wish. Thanks for your response. If you could find out price for me that would be great. thank you again OK I will call them tomorrow. You only want a pool? Or fitness also? Just the pool OK they only have a pool on 27 Narymskaya St. http://fitness.remixclubs.ru/kluby/remiks-na-narymskoj.html Dimensions 6м*12м*1,7м Temperature of water is 28 degrees Celcius. Single visit costs 450 rubles, if you pay for 4 visits it is 1200 rubles, 8 visits 2100 rubles Anything else I can help you with? Feel free! This topic has been closed to new posts due to inactivity. Covid 19 09 October 2020 self-transfer in Novosibirsk Airport 03 March 2020 Do I need a transit visa if my flight via Novosibirsk? 06 October 2019 Steem lokomotive 01 July 2019 should I go o Novosibirsk? 15 June 2019 Coming to novosibirsk on tourist visa, but staying with a fr 06 April 2019 taxi app? 25 January 2019 Marriage in Novosibirsk 10 December 2018 S7 airlines, checked bags and transfers 30 November 2018 Nature expeditions and hiking 14 November 2018 Orphanage Visit 31 October 2018 Transportation between Tolmachevo airport - downtown 14 September 2018 a way to find stores in Novosibirsk 04 September 2018 Camera shop 17 August 2018 going to siberia. need you help 2 replies dog sledding in Irkutsk 3 replies novosibirsk this christmas on me own 26 replies looking for a flat to rent and maybe a gluide 2 replies Dont ever travel to Novosibirsk- NEVER!! 2 replies Travel to the Altai from Novosibirsk 2 replies Private visa to Novosibirsk- where to get invitation letter? 8 replies having trouble with lack of flights!!!!!!!!!! 9 replies Wrestling club in Novosibirsk 2 replies educational summer camp in Novosibirsk 15 replies GreenLeaders World Atlas / Western Siberia / Novosibirsk Oblast / Novosibirsk / Area around 55° 11' 31" N, 82° 31' 30" E / Physical Map of Novosibirsk This is not just a map. It's a piece of the world captured in the image. The flat physical map represents one of many map types available. Look at Novosibirsk, Novosibirsk Oblast, Western Siberia, Russia from different perspectives. Get free map for your website. Discover the beauty hidden in the maps. Maphill is more than just a map gallery. Free map Panoramic 4 Shaded Relief Maps of novosibirsk. Maphill is a collection of map images. This physical map of Novosibirsk is one of them. Click on the Detailed button under the image to switch to a more detailed map. See Novosibirsk from a different perspective. Each map type has its advantages. No map style is the best. The best is that Maphill lets you look at each place from many different angles. Sure, this physical map is nice. But there is good chance you will like other map styles even more. Select another style in the above table. See Novosibirsk and Western Siberia from a different view. What to do when you like this map? 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The detailed maps use the Mercator projection which preserves the shape of small areas better. Locations near Novosibirsk Destinations close to Novosibirsk sorted by distance. Zaton 4.7 km Bol'shaya Krivoshchëkova 7.2 km Kar'yer 8.0 km Bugry 8.3 km Kar'yer Mochishche 8.5 km Ust'-Inya 8.8 km Levoberezhniy 9.8 km Ozërnyy 10 km Kamenka 10 km Katkovo 11 km Popular searches A list of the most popular locations in Russia as searched by our visitors. Yenisei River Krasnoyarsk Ural Mountains Kabardino-Balkarian Republic Kaliningrad Oblast Tomsk Oblast Lake Baikal Recent searches List of the locations in Russia that our users recently searched for. Kursk Oblast Udskaya Guba Amur Oblast Bagaevskaya Pskov Oblast The Maphill difference It's neither this physical map nor any other of the many millions of maps. The value of a map gallery is not determined by the number of pictures, but by the possibility to see the world from many different perspectives. 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Map graphics revolution.™ Visit Our Blog about Russia to know more about Russian sights, history Check out our Russian cities and regions guides Follow us on Twitter and Facebook to better understand Russia Info about getting Russian visa , the main airports , how to rent an apartment Our Expert answers your questions about Russia, some tips about sending flowers Russian regions Altay republic Irkutsk oblast Kemerovo oblast Khakassia republic Krasnoyarsk krai Novosibirsk oblast Omsk oblast Tomsk oblast Tuva republic Map of Russia All cities and regions Blog about Russia News from Russia How to get a visa Flights to Russia Russian hotels Renting apartments Russian currency FIFA World Cup 2018 Submit an article Flowers to Russia Ask our Expert Novosibirsk city, Russia The capital city of Novosibirsk oblast . Novosibirsk - Overview Novosibirsk is the third most populous city in Russia, the administrative center of the Siberian Federal District and Novosibirsk Oblast. It is the largest business, cultural, transport, educational, and scientific center of Siberia. Novosibirsk is often called the “Capital of Siberia”. The population of Novosibirsk is about 1,621,000 (2022), the area - 503 sq. km. The phone code - +7 383, the postal codes - 630000-630901. Novosibirsk city flag Novosibirsk city coat of arms. Novosibirsk city map, Russia Novosibirsk city latest news and posts from our blog:. 29 November, 2020 / Novosibirsk Akademgorodok - the scientific center of Siberia . 25 December, 2018 / Chuya Highway - the Most Picturesque Road in Russia . 18 September, 2018 / Novosibirsk - the view from above . 10 December, 2014 / The night views of Novosibirsk . 17 July, 2014 / Novosibirsk hit by a heavy hailstorm . More posts.. History of Novosibirsk Foundation of novosibirsk. Novosibirsk is a city with a very interesting history. Unlike many other cities in Russia, it does not have a specific founder. Since the 18th century, on the left bank of the Ob, one of the largest rivers in the world, there was the village of Krivoshchekovo, where migrants from the European provinces of the Russian Empire lived. However, it did not become the basis of Novosibirsk. The city was born on the other, right, bank of the Ob, when the Trans-Siberian Railway approached it in 1893. Originally it was just a village for the builders of a railway bridge across the Ob. It could turn out to be temporary and disappear after the completion of construction, if not for the combination of several factors that contributed to the development of trade - a large river, a railway, a flat relief convenient for building. At first, the village was named Alexandrovsky, in honor of Emperor Alexander III. For the third anniversary, it received a new name and became Novonikolaevsky, in honor of the Emperor Nicholas II. In 1897, the first trains went across the bridge. The settlement was quickly growing. By 1898, there were already 7.8 thousand people in the village. In 1903, when the village acquired the status of a town with the name Novonikolaevsk, its population was 26 thousand people. In the 1910s, Novonikolaevsk experienced a construction boom. By 1913, the population of the city was 86 thousand people. Novonikolaevsk, was the center of the major lines of communication, in which the navigable Ob River crossed with the Great Siberian Way and the Altai Railway. The First World War turned the city into the largest center for training troops beyond the Urals. More Historical Facts… Novosibirsk - the Siberian Chicago In 1921, Novonikolaevsk received the status of the administrative center of the Novonikolaevsk Governorate. In 1925, it became the administrative center of the huge Siberian Krai - practically all the regions of Trans-Ural Russia. The capital of the new huge region needed a new name. Here are just some of the proposed names: Krasnograd, Sibleninsk, Krasnoobsk, Sibkraisk, Sibkraigrad, Leningrad-on-Ob. On February 12, 1926, Novonikolaevsk (“a new city of Nicholas”) was renamed Novosibirsk (“a new city in Siberia”. In 1926, at the Regional Scientific Congress, it was decided to turn Novosibirsk into a “promsad” (“industrial garden”) or “city-garden”. About 120 thousand people lived in the city at that time. The city got the nickname “Siberian Chicago”. The main elements of the renovated Siberian capital were supposed to be “social towns” - complex residential areas at factories and plants. New cadres were needed to build a new society. Novosibirsk quickly became a city of students. In the 1930s, 8 universities and 10 technical schools were opened here. The city became the Trans-Ural capital of such an architectural style as constructivism. On July 30, 1930, due to the division of the Siberian Krai, Novosibirsk became the center of the West Siberian Krai. In 1934, a new railway bridge was built across the Ob River and the population grew to 294 thousand people. By 1939, it increased up to 406 thousand people. On September 28, 1937, the West Siberian Krai was divided into Novosibirsk Oblast with the capital in Novosibirsk and Altai Krai. During the Second World War, the enlistment offices of Novosibirsk Oblast sent more than half a million soldiers to the front. There were 115 evacuation hospitals in the region. Almost 27% of all shells fired by the Red Army during the war were produced in Novosibirsk. Despite the fact that not a single bomb fell on the territory of Novosibirsk, the pre-war city disappeared forever. Instead of the planned residential areas/parks, industrial zones of evacuated factories appeared, a lot of buildings changed their civilian purpose to military-industrial (some of them - forever). The evacuation radically changed the demography of Novosibirsk - people evacuated from Moscow and Leningrad brought with them a new way of life, new artistic tastes. A lot of them stayed in Novosibirsk after the war. During the war years, Novosibirsk also became the center of the musical culture of Siberia. The Novosibirsk Opera and Ballet Theater, one of the main attractions of Novosibirsk, was opened on May 12, 1945. Novosibirsk after the Second World War The demographic inertia of the evacuation turned the pre-war Novosibirsk into a metropolis. By 1956, its population increased to 750 thousand people. On September 2, 1962, a millionth resident of the city was born. It took Novosibirsk only 70 years to achieve this status from the moment of its foundation, which made it the youngest of all million cities. In 1950, the construction of the Novosibirsk hydroelectric power station began; a large reservoir was created, the so-called Ob Sea. The idea of creating a Siberian branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences in Novosibirsk was implemented in 1957. About 20 kilometers south of the center of Novosibirsk, in the middle of the forest, Akademgorodok was built - a town of scientists. In 1959, Novosibirsk State University was opened. In 1979, construction of the metro began in Novosibirsk. Opened in 1985, it became the first one in the Trans-Ural part of Russia. Today, the Novosibirsk metro has 13 stations and annually carries about 70 million passengers. In 1990, the bridge that had given rise to the city was reconstructed. To preserve the memory of the first builders, one of its span structures was installed on the embankment of the Ob in the park “Gorodskoye Nachalo”. The transition to a market economy led to a sharp drop in production. High-tech industries, such as radioelectronics, microelectronics, instrument making, and aircraft construction suffered especially heavy losses. In 1991-1998, industrial production in Novosibirsk decreased by more than 3 times. In the 1990s, the economic structure of the Novosibirsk region and Novosibirsk underwent fundamental changes. The main structural change was that the production of services in the city began to exceed the production of goods, the role of industry decreased, the share of transport, trade, communications, agriculture, and a lot of branches of market services increased. Thus, the potential points of growth of Novosibirsk reproduced on a new historical, technological, and institutional basis the initial system of its development priorities: a large transport hub in the system of transnational transport corridors, a trade, intermediary, and financial center - the center of Siberia, a large business, scientific, educational, and cultural center. In the 21st century, Novosibirsk became the first Russian city (after Moscow and St. Petersburg) to exceed the population of 1.5 million. Architecture of Novosibirsk The building of the West-Siberian Railway in Novosibirsk Author: Vytautas Podlesaitis Old building in Novosibirsk Author: Andrey Osokin On the street in Novosibirsk Author: Serge Klimenko Novosibirsk - Features Novosibirsk is the most populous city in the Asian part of Russia. It is located in the southeastern part of the West Siberian Plain on both banks of the Ob River next to the Novosibirsk reservoir. The width of the Ob River within the city is 750-850 meters. The City Day of Novosibirsk is celebrated on the last Sunday of June. The city is located in the continental climatic zone. The flatness of the territory allows both cold waves from the north and heat waves from the southwest to freely spread. That’s why both severe frosts and short-term thaws can be observed in winter. The duration of winter is 120-130 days, summer - about 90 days. The average air temperature in January is minus 16.5 degrees Celsius, in July - plus 19.4 degrees Celsius. On the coat of arms of Novosibirsk you can see a schematic image of the Ob River and the bridge across it, part of the Trans-Siberian Railway, which gave rise to the city. The economy of Novosibirsk is based on industry, trade, transport, science, and scientific services. The city is successfully developing in the absence of large resource-extracting enterprises in the region, which distinguishes it from most large cities in Siberia. The main activities of industrial production are: production of food, computers, electronic and optical products, chemicals, vehicles and equipment, metallurgy, beverage production. Novosibirsk is one of the leading suppliers of nuclear fuel for nuclear power plants and research reactors in Russia and abroad. Novosibirsk is the largest scientific center in the Asian part of Russia. More than 100 organizations carry out research and development in this city. There are about three dozen higher educational institutions here. It is the largest transport hub in Siberia connecting Siberia, the Far East, Central Asia with the European regions of Russia. Novosibirsk is also a river port. The city is served by Tolmachevo International Airport, the largest in terms of passenger traffic in the Asian part of Russia. The airport is located at the intersection of a large number of flights from Southeast Asia to Europe and from North America to India and Asia. Novosibirsk was the only city in Russia located in two time zones. Since its foundation, it was growing in two parts along different banks of the Ob. And since the meridian of the hour passed right along the Ob River, there were two time zones in one city. On the left bank, the difference with Moscow was 3 hours, and on the right bank - 4 hours. At first, this did not cause much inconvenience as each half lived quite apart. In 1955, when the first road bridge across the Ob was built, the city became more connected. In 1958, Novosibirsk switched to a single time zone. Despite its young age, Novosibirsk has 145 monuments of architecture, history, monumental art and archeology taken under state protection. 47 monuments of wooden architecture of the late 19th - early 20th centuries are of particular value. There are also over a dozen different museums in Novosibirsk. Main Attractions of Novosibirsk Novosibirsk Zoo - one of the largest and best zoos in Russia, where about 11,000 animals, birds, and reptiles of 770 species are kept on an area of 63 hectares in a pristine pine forest. More than 350 species are listed in the International Red Book. This zoo is visited by about one million people every year. It also hosts ecological events and festivals. Timiryazeva Street, 71/1. Novosibirsk Theater of Opera and Ballet . Founded in 1945, it is one of the leading theaters in Russia. It occupies the largest theater building in Russia constructed in the constructivist style in 1931-1941. This unique architectural complex has the status of a cultural heritage of the Russian Federation. It is one of the symbols of Novosibirsk and probably its most recognizable building. The main feature of the building is its huge dome with a diameter of 60 meters and a height of 35 meters. The large hall of the theater can accommodate 1,449 spectators. The theater is located on Lenin Square - the main square of Novosibirsk, where you can also find a number of interesting monuments. This theater is also known as the “Siberian Colosseum”. Krasnyy Prospekt, 36. Novosibirsk Museum of Local Lore - one of the main museums in Novosibirsk. The historical department of the museum is located in a picturesque building of the former City Trade House (a monument of history and architecture of federal significance built in 1910). This museum has a number of unique exhibits: a complete mammoth skeleton, collections of household and religious items of Siberian peoples collected by expeditions in the 1920s-1930s. There are also collections of numismatics, woodwork, glass, porcelain and faience, an archaeological collection, etc. Krasnyy Prospekt, 23. Novosibirsk Art Museum . The permanent exhibition presents the following sections: icons (old Russian art), foreign art (works of Italian, French, Flemish, Dutch, Belgian, German masters), Russian art of the 18th-19th centuries (works by I. Shishkin, A. Kuindzhi, I. Repin , V. Surikov, and others), Russian art of the early 20th century, art of the Soviet period, Russian art of the late 20th century. There is a separate section devoted to the works of N. Roerich. Krasnyy Prospekt, 5. Novosibirsk Museum of Railway Technology . This museum has a large collection of steam, diesel, and electric locomotives, carriages, which mainly operated on the railways of Western Siberia. In addition, you can see such Soviet cars as GAZ, Moskvich, ZAZ of different years of production, as well as several trucks, tractors, and all-terrain vehicles. The total length of the exhibition grounds is about 3 kilometers. It is the largest museum of this subject beyond the Urals with over 100 exhibits. Razyezdnaya Street, 54/1. Alexander Nevsky Cathedral (1897-1899). Built of red brick in the neo-Byzantine style, this is one of the first stone buildings on the territory of Novosibirsk and the most beautiful church in the city. Krasnyy Prospekt, 1A. Monument to the Laboratory Mouse . This unusual monument is located in a public garden near the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the territory of Akademgorodok. The mouse with glasses holds the knitting needles in its paws and knits a double helix of DNA. The monument symbolizes gratitude to this animal for the fact that mankind has the opportunity to use mice to study animal genes, molecular and physical mechanisms of diseases, and the development of new drugs. Akademika Lavrent’yeva Prospekt, 10/2. Zaeltsovsky Park - one of the oldest parks in Novosibirsk that celebrated its 85th anniversary in 2017. The park has all the conditions for a comfortable and cultural pastime: walking paved paths, rides, summer verandas and gazebos, a paintball club, an ice rink, a rope park, etc. For history buffs, the ethnopark “Territory of Siberia” has been created, where everyone can get acquainted in detail with the culture of the indigenous peoples who lived in these places several hundred years ago. In winter, it is a great place to go skiing. There is also a children’s railway with a length of 5.3 km here. At the terminal station, you will be offered to go to the Novosibirsk Zoo, which is located nearby. Novosibirsk Central Park - a large park in the center of Novosibirsk and the oldest park in the city. On an area of 10.5 hectares, there are summer cafes and ice cream kiosks, dozens of rides and sports equipment rental points. There is an open-air skating rink in winter. The park often hosts festivals, concerts, and tournaments. The Novosibirsk Theater of Musical Comedy is also located here. Michurina Street, 8. The Ob River and “the Ob Sea” . The Ob is one of the world’s largest rivers, its length is more than 3,600 km. This river flows through a lot of Siberian cities. Within Novosibirsk, the river is transformed into a large reservoir, which bears the unofficial name “the Ob Sea”. The main purpose of the water reservoir is to generate electricity. Also, the shores of the “sea” are a popular recreation area for locals and city visitors. Novosibirsk city of Russia photos Novosibirsk views. Novosibirsk Thermal Power Plant #5 Author: Grigory Filippov Novosibirsk Zoo Author: Artemov Ruslan Pre-revolutionary building in Novosibirsk Soviet monuments on Lenin Square in Novosibirsk Monument to Revolutionaries in Novosibirsk Author: Pascal Winkler Monument to Peasants in Novosibirsk Lenin Monument in Novosibirsk Pictures of Novosibirsk Saint Nicholas Chapel in Novosibirsk Author: Vladimir Kharitonov Pavilion Globe in Novosibirsk The questions of our visitors The comments of our visitors. All 7 comments Currently 2.97/5 Rating: 3.0 /5 (230 votes cast) Sponsored Links: Sorry, there was a problem. Download the free Kindle app and start reading Kindle books instantly on your smartphone, tablet, or computer - no Kindle device required . Read instantly on your browser with Kindle for Web. Using your mobile phone camera - scan the code below and download the Kindle app. Image Unavailable To view this video download Flash Player Dream Pool Essays (Chinese Edition) by Shen Kuo Paperback – June 4, 2014 Print length 227 pages Language Chinese Publisher Metro Fifth Avenue Press,LLC Publication date June 4, 2014 Dimensions 6 x 0.52 x 9 inches ISBN-10 1626090920 ISBN-13 978-1626090927 See all details Product details Publisher ‏ : ‎ Metro Fifth Avenue Press,LLC; null edition (June 4, 2014) Language ‏ : ‎ Chinese Paperback ‏ : ‎ 227 pages ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 1626090920 ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-1626090927 Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 14.2 ounces Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 6 x 0.52 x 9 inches #8,739 in Chinese History (Books) Customer reviews 5 star 4 star 3 star 2 star 1 star 5 star 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 5 star 4 star 3 star 2 star 1 star 4 star 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 5 star 4 star 3 star 2 star 1 star 3 star 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 5 star 4 star 3 star 2 star 1 star 2 star 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 5 star 4 star 3 star 2 star 1 star 1 star 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% Customer Reviews, including Product Star Ratings help customers to learn more about the product and decide whether it is the right product for them. To calculate the overall star rating and percentage breakdown by star, we don’t use a simple average. Instead, our system considers things like how recent a review is and if the reviewer bought the item on Amazon. It also analyzed reviews to verify trustworthiness. No customer reviews About Amazon Investor Relations Amazon Devices Amazon Science Sell products on Amazon Sell on Amazon Business Sell apps on Amazon Become an Affiliate Advertise Your Products Self-Publish with Us Host an Amazon Hub › See More Make Money with Us Amazon Business Card Shop with Points Reload Your Balance Amazon Currency Converter Amazon and COVID-19 Your Account Your Orders Shipping Rates & Policies Returns & Replacements Manage Your Content and Devices Conditions of Use Privacy Notice Consumer Health Data Privacy Disclosure Your Ads Privacy Choices 147 IMAGES Dream Pool Essays von Gil McElroy Shen Kua Dream Pool Essays excerpts Dream Pool Essays by Gil McElroy Dream Pool Essays by Shen Kuo by Kuo Shen "Dream Pool Essays" Dream Pool Essays by Shen Kuo by Kuo Shen COMMENTS Dream Pool Essays The Dream Pool Essays (or Dream Torrent Essays) [ 1] was an extensive book written by the Chinese polymath and statesman Shen Kuo (1031-1095), published in 1088 during the Song dynasty (960-1279) of China. Shen compiled this encyclopedic work while living in forced retirement from government office, naming the book after his private estate ... 夢溪筆談 by Kuo Shen Free kindle book and epub digitized and proofread by volunteers. Shen Kuo Mengxi Bitan (Dream Pool Essays) was widely regarded as an important scientific works in ancient China. While in his thirties, Shen Kuo frequently dreamed of a place. In the dream, he ascended a hill, the summit of which was covered with brightly colored flowers and trees. Clear waters flowed at the base of the hill, banked on either side by ... Dream Pool Essays The Dream Pool Essays (or Dream Torrent Essays) was an extensive book written by the Chinese polymath and statesman Shen Kuo (1031-1095), published in 1088 during the Song dynasty (960-1279) of China. Shen compiled this encyclopedic work while living in forced retirement from government office, nami Mengxi Bitan: Dream Pool Essays who wrote the dream pool essays. "Dream Pool Essays" is a work authored by Shen Kuo, a scientist and politician during the Northern Song Dynasty. Shen Kuo (1031-1095), styled Cunzhong, with the courtesy name Mengxi Zhangren, was of Han ethnicity and hailed from Qiantang County in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Renowned as both a political ... In "Dream Pool Essays" Shen Kuo Provides the Earliest Description of In 1086 Chinese scholar and scientist of the Song Dynasty Shen Kuo (Shen Gua) wrote Dream Pool Essays while virtually isolated on his lavish garden estate near modern-day Zhenjiang, in the southwest of Jiangsu province.. Dream Pool Essays contained the earliest description of the principle of the compass—magnetizing a needle by rubbing its tip with lodestone, hanging the magnetic needle with ... The Dream Pool Essays (Chinese Edition) The Dream Pool Essays (Chinese Edition) Paperback - January 1, 2018. Language:Chinese.SoftCover.Pub Date:2018-02-01.publisher:Citic publishing group..description:Paperback. Pub Date: 2018-02-01 Publisher: citic publishing group. citic traditional Chinese ceremony volumes (50) is citic press introduced from Hong Kong zhong a deep international ... Dream Pool Essays The Dream Pool Essays was an extensive book written by the Chinese polymath and statesman Shen Kuo (1031-1095), published in 1088 during the Song dynasty (960-1279) of China. Shen compiled this encyclopedic work while living in forced retirement from government office, naming the book after his private estate near modern Zhenjiang, Jiangsu province. Shen Kuo Mengxi Bitan (Dream Pool Essays) was widely regarded as an important scientific works in ancient China. While in his thirties, Shen Kuo frequently dreamed of a place. In the dream, he ascended a hill, the summit of which was covered with brightly colored flowers and trees. Clear waters flowed at the base of the hill, banked on either side by ... Chinese Encyclopedias: Dream Pool Essays, Siku Quanshu, Chinese Excerpt: The Dream Pool Essays (Pinyin: M ng X B T n; Wade-Giles: Meng Ch'i Pi T'an Chinese: ) was an extensive book written by the polymath Chinese scientist and statesman Shen Kuo (1031-1095) by 1088 AD, during the Song Dynasty (960-1279) of China. Although Shen was previously a highly renowned government official and military general, he ... Shen Kuo Shen Kuo was a Chinese astronomer, mathematician, and high official best known for The Dream Pool Essays, his book of observations and thoughts.The book contains hundreds of separate essays on a wide variety of subjects, such as mathematics, astronomy, cartography, optics, and medicine, among others, as well as the first known mention of the magnetic compass and of movable type. Chinese tea classic texts: Dream Pool Essays The Dream Pool Essays was an extensive book written by the polymath Chinese scientist and statesman Shen Kuo by 1088 AD, during the Song Dynasty of China. Although Shen was previously a highly renowned government official and military general, he compiled this enormous written work while virtually isolated on his lavish garden near modern-day Zhenjiang, Jiangsu province. "Dream Pool Essays" His book "Dream Pool Essays", also known as "Mengxi Bitan", is rich in content and is called "a milestone in the history of Chinese science". After his death, Shen Kuo was buried at the southern foot of Taiping Mountain in Anxi. The restored cemetery, with tunnels and stone statues, is surrounded by trees and features a quiet setting. Address ... Amazon.com: Dream Pool Essays: 9780889224544: McElroy, Gil: Books Paperback - October 30, 2001. Lifted from an ancient Chinese astronomical text, the title Dream Pool Essays hints at Gil McElroy's interest in cosmology: always a construct made visible between the elements of chaos. These poems constitute an active multiple streaming of sources usually considered quite disparate: the physical sciences ... Shen Kua Dream Pool Essays excerpts Shen Kua, Mêng Chhi Phi Than (Dream Pool Essays) (excerpts) Mathematics: For effecting the division of a circumference I have another way. Take the diameter ( ching) of a circular area ( yuan thien) and halve it, then let this (radius) be taken as the hypotenuse ( hsüan) of a right-angled triangle.Let the difference which arises when the radius is diminished by the di- vided part (the ... Dream Pool Essays Books. Dream Pool Essays. Gil McElroy. Talonbooks, 2001 - Literary Collections - 109 pages. Lifted from an ancient Chinese astronomical text, the title Dream Pool Essays hints at Gil McElroy's interest in cosmology: always a construct made visible between the elements of chaos. These poems constitute an active multiple streaming of sources ... Amazon.com: Dream Pool Essays (Hardcover) (Chinese Edition Amazon.com: Dream Pool Essays (Hardcover) (Chinese Edition): 9787030692702: Shen Kuo: Books. Skip to main content.us. Delivering to Lebanon 66952 Update location Books. Select the department you ... Dream Pool Essays by Gil McElroy 4.33. 3 ratings1 review. Lifted from an ancient Chinese astronomical text, the title Dream Pool Essays hints at Gil McElroy's interest in cosmology: always a construct made visible between the elements of chaos. These poems constitute an active multiple streaming of sources usually considered quite disparate: the physical sciences ... Aquapark Akvamir There is a slide that ends in a funnel that drops you in a pool, multiple slides where you can sit in a rubber "doughnut" alone or with one or two friends and some more slides. There is also a lazy river going round the building, some bubble baths and a common pool with created waves once in a while. The restaurants are also nice. swimming pool Answer 1 of 7: Would like to know if there are any centrally located indoor/heated swimming pools that operate in late March early April? Thank you Physical Map of Novosibirsk Physical map illustrates the mountains, lowlands, oceans, lakes and rivers and other physical landscape features of Novosibirsk. Differences in land elevations relative to the sea level are represented by color. Green color represents lower elevations, orange or brown indicate higher elevations, shades of grey are used for the highest mountain ... Legion Collegiate honors baseball coach with memorial scholarship The idea for a memorial scholarship came from Benjamin's values. Benjamin also taught Business Principles, an online class available at Legion Collegiate with a class pool of 100 to 125 students. Novosibirsk city, Russia travel guide Novosibirsk - Features. Novosibirsk is the most populous city in the Asian part of Russia. It is located in the southeastern part of the West Siberian Plain on both banks of the Ob River next to the Novosibirsk reservoir. The width of the Ob River within the city is 750-850 meters. The City Day of Novosibirsk is celebrated on the last Sunday of ... Dream Pool Essays (Chinese Edition) by Shen Kuo Dream Pool Essays (Chinese Edition) by Shen Kuo. Paperback - June 4, 2014. In this book, there are not only large amounts of records on natural sciences but also narrations on many social sciences. The wide-ranging contents cover stories, dialectics, musical temperament, image-numerology, officialdom, political wisdom, literature, art ... essay homework paper phd project resume review speech thesis