how to cite an abstract presentation

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How do you cite from a presentation or poster at a conference?

For example, a presentation whose PDF is listed at http://www.astro.ex.ac.uk/exoclimes/2012/pdf/talks/Day02_Ferreira.pdf ?

And what if the presentation doesn't have a publicly available URL? How would the citation style differ from that of a poster?

• 3 It's worth checking with the conference... for example, Society for Neuroscience poster abstracts have a citation style listed at the bottom of every page (scroll to bottom of page, under "support" heading) . –  eykanal Commented Jun 8, 2012 at 4:28
• I would try to avoid citing a presentation or poster in the first place. It won't make a very good reference for your readers, since not only may it be hard to find, but it won't have a complete description of what the previous authors did. Instead, I would contact the authors of the poster, and ask if they have a paper about their project, or at least a preprint, and then cite that. –  Nate Eldredge Commented Dec 1, 2019 at 16:41

3 Answers 3

The specifics of the citation would depend on the citation style you are using. I am most familiar with Chicago style. To cite the presentation you've linked to in Chicago style, I would put:

David Ferreira, et al., "Climate of an Earth-like Aquaplanet: the high-obliquity case and the tidally-locked case" (presentation, Exoclimes 2012, Aspen, CO, January 16–20, 2012), accessed June 8, 2012, http://www.astro.ex.ac.uk/exoclimes/2012/pdf/talks/Day02_Ferreira.pdf .

Following these guidelines: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/717/08/

For APA style, you would only cite a presentation in a reference list if there is a tangible remnant ("recoverable data") of the presentation (e.g., slides posted on a website). The citation would look like:

Ferreira, D., Marshall, J., O'Gorman, P., Seager, S. & Lau, H. (January 2012). Climate of an Earth-Like Aquaplanet: the high-obliquity case and the tidally-locked case. Paper presented at Exoclimes 2012, Aspen, Co.

For more examples in APA citation, look here: http://citationonline.net/CitationHelp/csg04-manuscripts-apa.htm#53

To supplement Nate's comments, what I have usually seen is "personal communication". The poster isn't yet peer-reviewed and if it has yet to be written up as a manuscript and you can't cite it as a paper that is "in press", "personal communication" is a good substitute.

• 1 I find "personal communication" rather poor as a citation. How can one look that up? –  Dave Clarke Commented Jun 8, 2012 at 5:35
• Well if it is personal communication with Dave Clarke, it gives people an idea. At least it is better than trying to cite a url that may not exist in a year. –  bobthejoe Commented Jun 8, 2012 at 8:14
• 4 I don't even remember the conversation ... –  Dave Clarke Commented Jun 8, 2012 at 9:39
• @Dave Clarke, Touche –  bobthejoe Commented Jun 8, 2012 at 21:08
• 4 "Personal communication" is what you write when you've given up on citing anything that could actually help the reader, and just want to give credit to your friend. Which is about as much as citing a presentation accomplishes. –  Nate Eldredge Commented Jun 9, 2012 at 5:14

It turns out that one commonly used weight update strategies for neural networks, RMSProp, was first introduced in a slide :

Given the number of citations, it should give you plenty of examples on how to cite a slide.

One common citation format:

T. Tieleman and G. Hinton. Lecture 6.5-rmsprop: Divide the gradient by a running average of its recent magnitude. COURSERA: Neural Networks for Machine Learning, 4, 2012.

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Citing conferences: APA (7th ed.) citation guide

This guide is based on the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 7th ed. It provides selected citation examples for common types of sources. For more detailed information consult directly a  print copy  of the style manual.

Check out APA's Guide to what's new for APA 7 .

Keep track of your document references/citations and format your reference lists easily with Citation management software .

Conference keynote addresses, paper presentations, poster presentations, sessions

Refer to APA's Conference presentation references   or consult the guide directly (Section 10.5, textual works, pp. 332-333).

Presenter, A. A., & Presenter, B. B. (Year, Month day range). Title of contribution [Type of contribution]. Conference name, Location. DOI or URL

Reference list example

Fairey, E. & McKenzie, J. (2012, May 30—June 2). "If it ain’t broke, why fix it?”: Simon Fraser University Library’s liaison librarian service review [Presentation]. CLA 2012 National Conference and Trade Show, Ottawa, ON.

Bodnar, M. (2016, May 30—June 2). Problems as possibilities: A Topic Generation Portal to help instructors efficiently draft assignment topics [Poster presentation]. WILU 2016 Conference, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

Reference in text example

(Bodnar, 2016)

(Fairey & McKenzie, 2012)

• Include a description of the presentation in square brackets [ ] after title (e.g., [Conference session], [Paper presentation], [Poster presentation], [Keynote address]).
• If video available, include link at the end of the reference.
• Check out how to format reverse italics as seen in the Bodnar poster presentation example above.
• If only Citing the abstract of a conference presentation , include "abstract" as part of description.
• Refer to How to create an APA Style reference for a cancelled conference presentation .

Conference proceedings

Refer to APA's Conference proceedings references or consult the guide (Section 10.5, textual works, p.332).

Published conference proceedings may be cited either like chapters in edited books (first example) or like journal articles (second example). This will depend on whether the publication is treated as a series (e.g. has an ISBN and an editor) or as a periodical (i.e. it is published annually).

Iyengar, S. S., & DeVoe, S. E. (2003). Rethinking the value of choice: Considering cultural mediators of intrinsic motivation. In R. Dienstbier (ed.),  Nebraska Symposium on Motivation: Vol. 49 .  Cross-cultural differences in perspectives on the self (pp. 129-174). University of Nebraska Press.

Shennan, S. (2008). Canoes and cultural evolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105 , 3416-3420. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0800666105

(Iyengar & DeVoe, 2003)

(Shennan, 2008)

• Capitalize the name of the symposium, conference or meeting (Chapter 6, Capitalization, p. 165).

Symposium contribution

Reference of this type of document uses the works that are part of a greater whole format , that is, like a chapter in an edited book or an article in a journal. 

Consult example 63 in the guide (Section 10.5, textual works, p. 333).

Contributor, A. A., & Contributor, B. B. (Year, Month, date range). Title of contribution. In C. C. Chairperson (Chair), Title of symposium [Symposium]. Conference name, Location. DOI or URL

Lane, J. (2013, May 13—15). Teaching as the class clown: What clowning can bring to the classroom and the lecture hall. In C. Kurbis (Chair), Embracing Change at SFU [Symposium]. 13th Symposium on Teaching and Learning, Burnaby, BC, Canada.

(Lane, 2013)

APA Style 7th Edition: Citing Your Sources

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• Conference Presentations

Standard Format

Formatting rules, various examples.

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• Additional Resources
• Reference Page

Adapted from American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed).  https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000

• Date should match the date(s) of the full conference
• Conference Proceedings published in journal or book should follow the same format for a journal or edited book chapter

See Ch. 10 pp. 313-352 of APA Manual for more examples and formatting rules

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APA 7th Edition Citation Guide Conference Presentations and Publications

Conference presentation.

For conference presentations, include the presenters' names, the dates of the entire conference, the title of the presentation, a description of the presentation, the name of the conference, the location of the conference, and a link if it is available.

The description of the presentation is flexible and should be included in square brackets after the title: e.g. [Conference presentation], [Poster session], [Keynote address], [Paper presentation], etc.

Reference Page Format:

Presenter, P. P. (Year, Month Days). Title of the presentation [Description of the presentation]. Title of Conference. City, State, and Country where the conference took place. Hyperlink.

Reference Page Example:

Sanentz, S. N., & Lesk, M. (2015, November 6-10). Toward a semantic stability index (SSI) via a preliminary exploration of translation looping [Poster session]. 78th ASIS&T Annual Meeting: Information Science with Impact: Research in and for the Community, St. Louis, MO, United States. https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2857143

In-text Citation Examples:

Sanentz and Lesk (2015) shared that ... ...( Sanentz & Lesk,  2015 ).

Conference Publication

Conference publications can vary in how they are formatted, generally being published in the form of journal articles, whole books, or book chapters. Determine which option best fits the source you found and cite it as you would a journal article , book , or book chapter . 

Below is an example of a conference publication formatted similarly to a chapter in a book.

Author, A. A. (Year of Publication). Title of article.  In A. A. Editor, Title of conference proceeding. Publisher.  DOI or URL

Erdelez, S., Howarth, L. C., & Gibson, T. (2015). How can information science contribute to Alzheimer's disease research? In  Proceedings of the 78th ASIS&T Annual Meeting: Information science with impact: Research in and for the communit y .  Association of Information Science and Technology. https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2857076

Erdelez et al. (2015) shared that ... ...( Erdelez et al.,  2015).

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Chapter 12 papers and poster sessions presented at meetings.

Created: October 10, 2007 ; Last Update: August 5, 2020 .

• Sample Citation and Introduction
• Citation Rules with Examples

Chapter 3 Conference Publications

• Sample Citation and Introduction to Citing Papers and Poster Sessions Presented at Meetings

The general format for a reference to an unpublished conference paper or poster session, including punctuation:

- for a paper:

- for a poster session:

• Examples of Citations to Papers and Poster Sessions Presented at Meetings

Papers and poster sessions presented at meetings include both items that were presented but never published and items for which any subsequent publication is unknown. If subsequent publication is known, cite the published form rather than the meeting paper or poster session.

Begin the reference with information on the author(s) and title of the paper or poster session; use the same format as that used for conference papers. See Chapter 3 Conference Publications for details. Use the phrases "Paper presented at:" and "Poster session presented at:" to connect author and title information with meeting information.

Although author affiliation is an optional part of a citation, including it in references to unpublished papers and poster sessions is very helpful to the reader because compilations of papers and poster sessions can be difficult to locate.

Examples provided in this chapter are primarily from material distributed at various conferences. No attempt was made to ascertain whether or not subsequent publication occurred, as would normally be done before citation.

Continue to Citation Rules with Examples for Papers and Poster Sessions Presented at Meetings .

Continue to Examples of Citations to Papers and Poster Sessions Presented at Meetings .

• Citation Rules with Examples for Papers and Poster Sessions Presented at Meetings

Components/elements are listed in the order they should appear in a reference. An R after the component name means that it is required in the citation; an O after the name means it is optional.

Author (R) | Author Affiliation (O) | Title (R) | Connective Phrase (R) | Conference Proceedings (R) | Language (R) | Notes (O)

Author of Paper or Poster Presented (required)

General rules for author.

• List names in the order they appear in the text
• Enter surname (family or last name) first for each author
• Capitalize surnames and enter spaces within surnames as they appear in the document cited on the assumption that the author approved the form used. For example: Van Der Horn or van der Horn; De Wolf or de Wolf or DeWolf.
• Convert given (first) names and middle names to initials, for a maximum of two initials following each surname
• Give all authors, regardless of the number
• Separate author names from each other by a comma and a space
• End author information with a period

Specific Rules for Author

• Surnames with hyphens and other punctuation in them
• Other surname rules
• Given names containing punctuation, a prefix, a preposition, or particle
• Degrees, titles, and honors before or after a personal name
• Designations of rank in a family, such as Jr and III
• Names in non-roman alphabets (Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew, Korean) or character-based languages (Chinese, Japanese)
• Options for author names

Surnames with hyphens and other punctuation in them.

Other surname rules.

Given names containing punctuation, a prefix, a preposition, or particle.

Degrees, titles, and honors before or after a personal name.

Designations of rank in a family, such as Jr and III.

Names in non-roman alphabets (Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew, Korean) or character-based languages (Chinese, Japanese).

Options for author names.

Examples for Author

1. standard paper presented with a separate name for the conference, 2. standard paper presented without a separate name for the conference, 3. standard poster presented with a separate name for the conference, 4. standard poster presented without a separate name for the conference, 5. paper/poster author with optional full name, 6. paper/poster with optional limit to the first six authors, 7. paper/poster author with designation of rank within a family, 8. paper/poster author with a prefix or particle in the surname, 9. paper/poster author with compound surname, 10. paper/poster with both a person and an organization as author, author affiliation for paper or poster presented (optional), general rules for author affiliation.

• Enter the affiliation of all authors or only the first author
• Begin with the department and name of the institution, followed by city and state/Canadian province/country
• Use commas to separate parts of the affiliation
• Place the address in parentheses, such as (Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA)
• Separate the affiliation from its author by a space
• Follow the affiliation with a comma placed outside the closing parenthesis, unless it is the affiliation of the last author, then use a period

Specific Rules for Author Affiliation

• Abbreviations in affiliations
• E-mail address included
• Organizational names for affiliations not in English
• Names for cities and countries not in English

Abbreviations in affiliations.

E-mail address included.

Organizational names for affiliations not in English.

Names for cities and countries not in English.

Examples for Author Affiliation

11. paper/poster with author affiliation, 12. paper/poster with author affiliation including e-mail address, title of paper or poster presented (required), general rules for title.

• Enter the title of a paper or poster as it appears in the original document
• Capitalize only the first word of a title, proper nouns, proper adjectives, acronyms, and initialisms
• Use a colon followed by a space to separate a title from a subtitle, unless another form of punctuation (such as a question mark, period, or an exclamation point) is already present
• Follow non-English titles with a translation whenever possible; place the translation in square brackets
• End a title with a period unless a question mark or exclamation point already ends it

Specific Rules for Title

• Titles not in English
• Titles containing a Greek letter, chemical formula, or other special character

Titles not in English.

Titles containing a Greek letter, chemical formula, or another special character.

Examples for Title

13. paper/poster title containing a greek letter or other special character, 14. paper/poster in a language other than english, connective phrase for paper or poster presented (required), general rule for connective phrase.

• Use the words "Paper presented at" or "Poster session presented at" followed by a colon and a space to connect information about the paper or poster with information on the conference proceedings

Examples for Connective Phrase

Conference proceedings for paper or poster presented (required).

Follow the instructions in Chapter 3 to enter proceedings citation information

Examples for Conference Proceedings

15. paper/poster with optional specific location of the conference added, language for paper or poster presented (required), general rules for language.

• Give the language of the paper or poster if not English
• Capitalize the language name
• Follow the language name with a period

Examples for Language

Notes for paper or poster presented (optional), general rules for notes.

• Notes is a collective term for any useful information given after the citation itself
• Complete sentences are not required

Specific Rules for Notes

• Sponsorship note
• Other types of material to include in notes

Sponsorship note.

Other types of material to include in notes.

Examples for Notes

16. paper/poster with sponsorship note.

• 17. Paper/poster with other supplemental note

Patrias K. Computer-compatible writing and editing. Paper presented at: Interacting with the digital environment: modern scientific publishing. 46th Annual Meeting of the Council of Science Editors; 2003 May 3-6; Pittsburgh, PA.

Bernhardt A, Weiss C, Breuer J, Kumpf M, Sieverding L. The clinical relevance of an elevated lactate level after surgery for congenital heart disease. Paper presented at: Myocardial cell damage and myocardial protection. 3rd International Symposium on the Pathophysiology of Cardiopulmonary Bypass; 2000 Dec 16; Aachen, Germany.

Hu X, Gao Z, Xu F, Liu N. A novel approach to harvesting lymphatic endothelial cells from human foreskin dermis. Paper presented at: 8th TESI Annual Meeting; 2005 Oct 22-25; Shanghai, China.

Thabet A. Clinical value of two serial pulmonary embolism-protocol CT studies performed within ten days. Paper presented at: Annual Scientific Meeting and Postgraduate Course of the American Society of Emergency Radiology; 2006 Sep 27-30; Washington, DC.

Chasman J, Kaplan RF. The effects of occupation on preserved cognitive functioning in dementia. Poster session presented at: Excellence in clinical practice. 4th Annual Conference of the American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology; 2006 Jun 15-17; Philadelphia, PA.

Charles L, Gordner R. Analysis of MedlinePlus en Espanol customer service requests. Poster session presented at: Futuro magnifico! Celebrating our diversity. MLA `05: Medical Library Association Annual Meeting; 2005 May 14-19; San Antonio, TX.

Muto A, Funakubo K. Efficacy of transarterial embolization using NBCA-LPD for acute arterial bleeding in patients with coagulopathy. Poster session presented at: Annual Scientific Meeting and Postgraduate Course of the American Society of Emergency Radiology; 2006 Sep 27-30; Washington, DC.

Rao RM, Lord GM, Choe H, Lichtman AH, Luscinskas FW, Glimcher LH. The transcription T-bet is required for optimal proinflammatory trafficking of CD4+ T cells. Poster session presented at: 25th European Workshop for Rheumatology Research; 2005 Feb 24-27; Glasgow, UK.

Rosenberg, Steven A. Human cancer immunotherapy: progress and problems. Paper presented at: Cancer Vaccines 2005: Barriers, Endpoints & Opportunities; 2005 Oct 5-7; New York, NY.

Cronin, James T.; Haynes, Kyle J. Parasitoid and host movement and population dynamics in a heterogeneous prairie landscape. Paper presented at: 13th International Entomophagous Insects Workshop; 2003 Jul 27-31; Tucson, AZ.

Boggi U, Del Chiaro M, Croce C, Gremmo F, Sgambelluri AF, Cappelli C, et al. Mesenteric portal vein resection during pancreatectomy for ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas: is it worthwhile? Paper presented at: 29th National Congress of the Italian Association for the Study of the Pancreas (AISP); 2005 Sep 15-17; Bologna, Italy.

Hubert JM, Renoult E, Chammas M Jr, Mourey E, Feuillu B, Frimat L, Cormier L, Prevot L, Hestin D, Kessler M. Purely laparoscopic robotic (Da Vinci®) live donor nephrectomy: experience in 37 cases. Poster session presented at: 24th Annual World Congress of Endourology; 2006 Aug 17-20; Cleveland, OH.

Sarna A, Pujari S, Sengar AK, Garg R, Katke S, van Dam J. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and its principal determinants in HIV-infected adults in India. Poster session presented at: NIMH/IAPAC International Conference on HIV Treatment Adherence; 2006 Mar 8-10; Jersey City, NJ.

Van Assche FA. The relation of EBCOG with scientific organisations in Europe. Paper presented at: 9th Congress of the European Society of Contraception; 2006 May 3-6; Istanbul, Turkey.

Fettouh HI, Morsy HA, El Shenoufy A, Agabo H, Fettouh IA. Laparoscopic right donor nephrectomy using non-absorbable locking clips to control the renal vein. Poster session presented at: 24th Annual World Congress of Endourology; 2006 Aug 17-20; Cleveland, OH.

Joseph MA, Harlow SD, LaRosa JH. Ethnic differences in menstrual cycle length and variability in midlife women: The Study of Women's Health across the Nation (SWAN). Poster session presented at: 2nd Women's Health NIH Interdisciplinary Research Symposium; 2005 Oct 20; Bethesda, MD.

Dell'Accio F, De Bari C, El Tawil NM, Barone F, Mitsiadis TA, O'Dowd J, Pitzalis C. Activation of WNT and BMP signaling in adult human articular cartilage following mechanical injury. Paper presented at: 25th European Workshop for Rheumatology Research; 2005 Feb 24-27; Glasgow, UK.

Prakken BJ, de Kleer I. Autoimmunity or immune deficiency? On the role and function of regulatory T cells in chronic arthritis. Paper presented at: 25th European Workshop for Rheumatology Research; 2005 Feb 24-27; Glasgow, UK.

Martin M, Del Cacho E, Lopez E, Tuset M, Codina C, Miro JM, Ribas J. Adverse side effects and nonadherence to antiretroviral therapy. Poster session presented at: NIMH/IAPAC International Conference on HIV Treatment Adherence; 2006 Mar 8-10; Jersey City, NJ.

Bryan-Rest LL. The "clear sinus sign" revisited in the multislice CT ERA. Paper presented at: Annual Scientific Meeting and Postgraduate Course of the American Society of Emergency Radiology; 2006 Sep 27-30; Washington, DC.

Ruiz Mondejar R, Donate MJ, Pastor H, Hernandez I, Lorenzo J, Virseda JA, Gimenez J. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy, an initial experience of 14 cases in a Spanish general hospital. Poster session presented at: 24th Annual World Congress of Endourology; 2006 Aug 17-20; Cleveland, OH.

Atkinson RP; ARCHeR Trial Collaborators. Final 1-year composite endpoint results for the ARCHeR Trials: ACCULINK for revascularization of carotids in high-risk patients. Paper presented at: 129th Annual Meeting of the American Neurological Association; 2004 Oct 3-6; Toronto, ON.

Thabet A (Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA). Clinical value of two serial pulmonary embolism-protocol CT studies performed within ten days. Paper presented at: Annual Scientific Meeting and Postgraduate Course of the American Society of Emergency Radiology; 2006 Sep 27-30; Washington, DC.

Barron D (Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK), Enion DS (Blackburn Royal Infirmary, Blackburn, UK), Bollen SR (Blackburn Royal Infirmary, Blackburn, UK). Femoro-tibial dislocation and the radiologist. Poster session presented at: Annual Scientific Meeting and Postgraduate Course of the American Society of Emergency Radiology; 2006 Sep 27-30; Washington, DC.

Patrias K (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD. [email protected]). Computer-compatible writing and editing. Paper presented at: Interacting with the digital environment: modern scientific publishing. 46th Annual Meeting of the Council of Science Editors; 2003 May 3-6; Pittsburgh, PA.

Greek letters may be written out if special fonts are not available

Wang H, Unadkat JD, Mao Q. Regulation of BCRP expression by progesterone and 17β -estradiol. Poster session presented at: 2nd Women's Health NIH Interdisciplinary Research Symposium; 2005 Oct 20; Bethesda, MD.

Wang H, Unadkat JD, Mao Q. Regulation of BCRP expression by progesterone and 17beta -estradiol. Poster session presented at: 2nd Women's Health NIH Interdisciplinary Research Symposium; 2005 Oct 20; Bethesda, MD.

Superscripts or subscripts may be enclosed within parentheses if fonts are not available

Bradford I, Mackie A, McCauley E, Cadigan P, Cook A. Pre-operative diagnosis and staging of symptomatic breast disease using 99m technitium scintimammography. Paper presented at: Symposium Mammographicum 2000; 2000 Oct 4-6; York, UK.

Bradford I, Mackie A, McCauley E, Cadigan P, Cook A. Pre-operative diagnosis and staging of symptomatic breast disease using (99m) technitium scintimammography. Paper presented at: Symposium Mammographicum 2000; 2000 Oct 4-6; York, UK.

Price AG, Lockhart JC, Mc Lean JS, Ferrell WR. Proinflammatory role for AT 1 receptors in the rat synovium. Poster session presented at: 25th European Workshop for Rheumatology Research; 2005 Feb 24-27; Glasgow, UK.

Price AG, Lockhart JC, Mc Lean JS, Ferrell WR. Proinflammatory role for AT(1) receptors in the rat synovium. Poster session presented at: 25th European Workshop for Rheumatology Research; 2005 Feb 24-27; Glasgow, UK.

Villagra F (Hospitales Zarzuela y Monte Principe, Madrid, Spain), Aroca A, Gomez R, Cazzaniga M, Larraya FG, Rodriguez M, Herraiz JI, Romera G, Soler V, Simo S, Arjona D. Cirugia de la coartacion de aorta (COA) asociada a defectos septales ventriculares (DSV) significativos (COA + DSV). Paper presented at: 1st Congreso Nacional de Cardiologia Pediatrica; 2003 May 23-24; Seville, Spain. Spanish.

Beganyi N (Fovarosi Onkormanyzat Uzsoki utcai Korhaz, Fovarosi Onkoradiologiai Kozpont, Budapest, Hungary). Mezoillesztesi technikak rosszindulatu fej-nyaki daganatok sugarkezeleseben. Paper presented at: A Magyar Sugarterapias Tarsasag Kongresszusa; 2005 Oct 13-15; Kaposvar, Hungary. Hungarian.

Wu HH. [Care of rheumatoid arthritis treated with acupuncture]. Paper presented at: [5th National Symposium of Acupuncture Anesthesia and Acupuncture Analgesia]; 1994 Sep 20-24; Wuhan, China. Chinese.

with translation

Villagra F (Hospitales Zarzuela y Monte Principe, Madrid, Spain), Aroca A, Gomez R, Cazzaniga M, Larraya FG, Rodriguez M, Herraiz JI, Romera G, Soler V, Simo S, Arjona D. Cirugia de la coartacion de aorta (COA) asociada a defectos septales ventriculares (DSV) significativos (COA + DSV) [Surgery for coarctation of the aorta (COA) associated with significant septal ventricular defect]. Paper presented at: 1st Congreso Nacional de Cardiologia Pediatrica [1st National Congress of Pediatric Cardiology]; 2003 May 23-24; Seville, Spain. Spanish.

Beganyi N (Fovarosi Onkormanyzat Uzsoki utcai Korhaz, Fovarosi Onkoradiologiai Kozpont, Budapest, Hungary). Mezpillesztesi technikak rosszindulatu fej-nyaki daganatok sugarkezeleseben [Field-matched techniques of radiotherapy for head and neck tumors]. Paper presented at: A Magyar Sugarterapias Tarsasag Kongresszusa [Congress of the Hungarian Radiotherapy Society]; 2005 Oct 13-15; Kaposvar, Hungary. Hungarian.

Hilbelink DR, Hu X. Use of a point-to-point method to morph image of the Visible Human Project. Paper presented at: 3rd Visible Human Project Conference; 2000 Oct 5-6; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.

Rosenberg SA. Human cancer immunotherapy: progress and problems. Paper presented at: Cancer Vaccines 2005: Barriers, Endpoints & Opportunities; 2005 Oct 5-7; New York, NY. Conference sponsored by the Cancer Research Institute, New York.

Rookus MA, Brohet RM, Andrieu N, Antroniou AC, Chang-Claude J, Easton DF, Peock S, Nogues C, van Leeuwen FE, Goldgar DE. Oral contraceptives and breast cancer risk in the International BRCA1/2 Carrier Cohort Study (IBCCS). Paper presented at: 3rd International Symposium on the Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer; 2005 Jun 22-26; Molde, Norway. Main conference sponsors were Affymetrix, Agilent Technologies, Applied Biosystems, AstraZeneca, Novartis Oncology, Pfizer, and Roche Diagnostics.

17. Paper/Poster with other supplemental note

Hu X, Gao Z, Xu F, Liu N. A novel approach to harvesting lymphatic endothelial cells from human foreskin dermis. Paper presented at: 8th TESI Annual Meeting; 2005 Oct 22-25; Shanghai, China. TESI = Tissue Engineering Society International.

18. Paper/Poster for a Cancelled Conference

Joubert, D. J. (2020, May 10–15). Best Practices for Dealing with Biomedical Data [Conference session canceled]. 12th Annual Congress of Data Scientist, Paris, France.

• Cite this Page Patrias K, author; Wendling D, editor. Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers [Internet]. 2nd edition. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US); 2007-. Chapter 12, Papers and Poster Sessions Presented at Meetings. 2007 Oct 10 [Updated 2020 Aug 5].
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Conference Proceedings in AMA

Unpublished/online oral conference proceedings/presentation.

From Ch 3.13..9.1 of AMA Manual 11th edition: These oral or poster presentations take the following form:

1. Pasternak B. Carvedilol vs metoprolol succinate and risk of mortality in patients with heart failure: national cohort study. Paper presented at: European Society of Cardiology Congress; August 31, 2014; Barcelona, Spain.

2. Minocchieri S, Berry CA, Pillow J. Nebulized surfactant for treatment of respiratory distress in the first hours of life: the CureNeb study. Abstract presented at: Annual Meeting of the Pediatric Academic Society; May 6, 2013; Washington, DC. Session 3500.

3. Nevidomskyte D, Meissner MH, Tran N, Murray S, Farrokhi E. Influence of gender on abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in the community. Poster presented at: Vascular Annual Meeting; June 5-7, 2014; Boston, MA.

Online Conferences, Webinars, and Other Presentations.

From Ch 3.13.8 of the AMA Manual of Style 11th Edition.

"These are treated much the same as a “presented at” reference (see  3.13.9 , Special Materials, Meeting Presentations and Other Unpublished Material), with the addition of the accessed date and the URL."

1. Morales M, Zhou X. Health practices of immigrant women: indigenous knowledge in an urban environment. Paper presented at: 78th Association for Information Science and Technology Annual Meeting; November 6-10, 2015; St Louis, MO. Accessed March 15, 2016.  https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/2857070.2857108

2. Botkin J, Menikoff J. Opening remarks presented at: Secretary’s Advisory Committee on Human Research Protections Meeting; December 4, 2015; Rockville, MD.  http://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/sachrp/mtgings/2015%20Dec%20Mtg/december3-4,2015sachrpmeeting.html . Accessed March 15, 2016. Videocast available at:  https://videocast.nih.gov/

The presentation in example 2 did not have a title; hence, the “title” field and the “presented at” field were combined. In addition, a webcast of the meeting is available for the presentation in example 2, and that information is also included in the reference. See example 3 below for how to cite a videocast.

3. Labor, Health and Human Services Subcommittee Hearing. National Institutes of Health: Investing in a Healthier Future. October 7, 2015. Accessed March 15, 2016. Videocast available at:  http://www.appropriations.senate.gov/hearings/labor-hhs-subcommittee-hearing-national-institutes-of-health-investing-in-a-healthier-future

A transcript from a teleconference is cited as follows:

4. Volkow N, Botticelli M, Johnston LD, Miech RA. Monitoring the Future: Teleconference 2015. December 16, 2015. Accessed March 15, 2016. Transcript available at:  https://www.drugabuse.gov/news-events/podcasts/2015/12/monitoring-future-teleconference-2015#content-area

A webinar is cited as follows:

5. Gunn E, Kendall-Taylor J, Vandenburg B. Taking author instructions to the next level. Council of Science Editors webinar. September 10, 2015. Accessed March 15, 2016.  http://www.councilscienceeditors.org/resource-library/past-presentationswebinars/past-webinars/2015-webinar-3-taking-author-instructions-to-the-next-level/

Published Conference Proceedings

Once these presentations are published, they take the form of reference to a book, journal, or other medium in which they are ultimately published, as in example 5 (which was published as a book) (see  3.12.1 , References to Books, Complete Data, and  3.11.1 , References to Journal Articles, Complete Data):

4. Huang G-M, Huang K-Y, Lee T-Y, Tzu-Ya Weng J. An interpretable rule-based diagnostic classification of diabetic nephropathy among type 2 diabetes patients.  BMC Bioinformatics.  2015;16(suppl 1):S5. Selected articles from the Thirteenth Asia Pacific Bioinformatics Conference (APBC 2015). doi:10.1186/1471-2105-16-S1-S5

In example 4, (which was published as a journal article) the entire journal supplement is dedicated to publishing articles from a meeting.

5. Resnick ML. The effect of affect: decision making in the emotional context of health care. In:  Proceedings of the 2012 Symposium on Human Factors and Ergonomics in Health Care: Bridging the Gap . Human Factors and Ergonomics Society; 2012:39-44.

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Presentations

For further information go to ama manual 3.13.9 meeting presentations and other unpublished material..

References to unpublished material may include articles or abstracts that have been presented at a society meeting and published as part of the meeting proceedings or materials.

3.13.9.1 Items Presented at a Meeting.

UPDATE:  Guidance has been added to chapter  3.13.9.1 , Items Presented at a Meeting, to provide an example of how to cite materials from a virtual or hybrid meeting. This addition was made  May 26, 2022 .

Oral or poster presentations follow these formats. Note that example 4 is a virtual meeting. Hybrid meetings can list the location, the meeting URL, both, or neither depending on what information is available and how the author viewed the content.

1.  Pasternak B. Carvedilol vs metoprolol succinate and risk of mortality in patients with heart failure: national cohort study. Paper presented at: European Society of Cardiology Congress; August 31, 2014; Barcelona, Spain.

2.  Minocchieri S, Berry CA, Pillow J. Nebulized surfactant for treatment of respiratory distress in the first hours of life: the CureNeb study. Abstract presented at: Annual Meeting of the Pediatric Academic Society; May 6, 2013; Washington, DC. Session 3500.

3.  Nevidomskyte D, Meissner MH, Tran N, Murray S, Farrokhi E. Influence of gender on abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in the community. Poster presented at: Vascular Annual Meeting; June 5-7, 2014; Boston, MA.

4.  McNamee JJ, Gillies MA, Barrett NA, et al; for the REST Investigators. The REST Trial: ultra-low tidal volume ventilation & extracorporeal CO2 removal. Presented at: Critical Care Reviews; October 4, 2021.  https://criticalcarereviews.com/meetings/eccr21

Once these presentations are published, they take the form of reference to a book, journal, or other medium in which they are ultimately published, as in example 5 (see  3.12.1 , References to Books, Complete Data, and  3.11.1 , References to Journal Articles, Complete Data):

4.  Huang G-M, Huang K-Y, Lee T-Y, Tzu-Ya Weng J. An interpretable rule-based diagnostic classification of diabetic nephropathy among type 2 diabetes patients.  BMC Bioinformatics.  2015;16(suppl 1):S5. Selected articles from the Thirteenth Asia Pacific Bioinformatics Conference (APBC 2015). doi:10.1186/1471-2105-16-S1-S5

In example 4, the entire journal supplement is dedicated to publishing articles from a meeting.

5.  Resnick ML. The effect of affect: decision making in the emotional context of health care. In:  Proceedings of the 2012 Symposium on Human Factors and Ergonomics in Health Care: Bridging the Gap . Human Factors and Ergonomics Society; 2012:39-44.

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APA Abstract (2020) | Formatting, Length, and Keywords

Published on November 6, 2020 by Raimo Streefkerk . Revised on January 17, 2024.

An APA abstract is a comprehensive summary of your paper in which you briefly address the research problem , hypotheses , methods , results , and implications of your research. It’s placed on a separate page right after the title page and is usually no longer than 250 words.

Most professional papers that are submitted for publication require an abstract. Student papers typically don’t need an abstract, unless instructed otherwise.

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Table of contents

How to format the abstract, how to write an apa abstract, which keywords to use, frequently asked questions, apa abstract example.

Formatting instructions

Follow these five steps to format your abstract in APA Style:

• Insert a running head (for a professional paper—not needed for a student paper) and page number.
• Set page margins to 1 inch (2.54 cm).
• Write “Abstract” (bold and centered) at the top of the page.
• Do not indent the first line.
• Double-space the text.
• Use a legible font like Times New Roman (12 pt.).
• Limit the length to 250 words.
• Indent the first line 0.5 inches.
• Write the label “Keywords:” (italicized).
• Write keywords in lowercase letters.
• Separate keywords with commas.
• Do not use a period after the keywords.

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The abstract is a self-contained piece of text that informs the reader what your research is about. It’s best to write the abstract after you’re finished with the rest of your paper.

The questions below may help structure your abstract. Try answering them in one to three sentences each.

• What is the problem? Outline the objective, research questions , and/or hypotheses .
• What has been done? Explain your research methods .
• What did you discover? Summarize the key findings and conclusions .
• What do the findings mean? Summarize the discussion and recommendations .

Check out our guide on how to write an abstract for more guidance and an annotated example.

Guide: writing an abstract

At the end of the abstract, you may include a few keywords that will be used for indexing if your paper is published on a database. Listing your keywords will help other researchers find your work.

Choosing relevant keywords is essential. Try to identify keywords that address your topic, method, or population. APA recommends including three to five keywords.

An abstract is a concise summary of an academic text (such as a journal article or dissertation ). It serves two main purposes:

• To help potential readers determine the relevance of your paper for their own research.
• To communicate your key findings to those who don’t have time to read the whole paper.

Abstracts are often indexed along with keywords on academic databases, so they make your work more easily findable. Since the abstract is the first thing any reader sees, it’s important that it clearly and accurately summarizes the contents of your paper.

An APA abstract is around 150–250 words long. However, always check your target journal’s guidelines and don’t exceed the specified word count.

In an APA Style paper , the abstract is placed on a separate page after the title page (page 2).

Avoid citing sources in your abstract . There are two reasons for this:

• The abstract should focus on your original research, not on the work of others.
• The abstract should be self-contained and fully understandable without reference to other sources.

There are some circumstances where you might need to mention other sources in an abstract: for example, if your research responds directly to another study or focuses on the work of a single theorist. In general, though, don’t include citations unless absolutely necessary.

Cite this Scribbr article

If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.

Streefkerk, R. (2024, January 17). APA Abstract (2020) | Formatting, Length, and Keywords. Scribbr. Retrieved August 6, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/apa-style/apa-abstract/

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Home / Guides / Citation Guides / APA Format / How to write an APA abstract

How to write an APA abstract

An APA abstract is a short summary designed to help a reader decide if they are going to read the entire paper. An effective abstract will communicate your hypothesis, method, and results while also creating credibility for yourself as the author. An abstract will also make it easier for new readers to find your work.

In this guide, you will learn how to format an APA abstract. It begins with an overview of the key aspects included with an abstract and ends with a set of real APA abstract examples that you can look at.

The information in this guide comes straight from the source: The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 7 th edition. Most of the relevant information comes from Section 2.9.

Here’s a run-through of everything this page includes:

What is an APA abstract page?

How to format an apa abstract, paragraph format vs. structured format, adding a keywords section after your apa abstract, about apa formatting and the apa style guide.

While the abstract page plays an important role in getting the reader interested, it is not a sales pitch. It’s about reporting, not commenting. That means that it should accurately reflect each key aspect of your paper.  In other words, it is a concise, comprehensive summary of your paper.

This is where you describe the problem you were exploring, the methods you used to explore it, and the results or conclusions of your exploration. In some cases, you might also be required to state the significance of your conclusions.

Here are some of the key aspects of an APA abstract that might be requested by the publication:

• Basic problem : Why did this work need to be done?
• Clearly-stated hypotheses: What was your hypothesis?
• Methods of investigation: How did you do your research? How did you design your experiment or argument? For scientific papers, include basic sample information.
• Results: What was the result of your study?
• Implications: What is the significance of your findings?

Remember, the specific sections or labels in your abstract might vary based on who you are submitting to.

Qualities of a good abstract

In addition to the formatting requirements, the Publication Manual also provides some guidance on what other qualities make for a good abstract.

Here are the qualities of a good abstract as defined by APA. You can find more information on how to formulate a great abstract in chapter 3.

• Accurate: The most important thing is that your abstract accurately reflects the contents and purpose of your paper. The general rule of thumb for accuracy is, if it doesn’t appear in your paper, it should not appear in the abstract.
• Non-evaluative: The APA instructs us to “Report rather than evaluate” (p.73). It is inappropriate to add any opinions or comments to the abstract.
• Coherent and readable: Your abstract needs to be as clear as possible. Use concise, deliberate language. It helps to use verbs instead of nouns when possible (e.g., “investigated” rather than “an investigation of”).
• Concise: Make sure every sentence is as informative as possible. There should be no “extra” words in an abstract; it’s all about getting the point across as efficiently as possible. Because abstracts are often used for academic search engines, it is good practice to use specific terms that you think people would use to find your paper.

In large part, the abstract page is formatted just like any APA paper. That means that it should be 12pt font and double-spaced the whole way through.

A properly formatted abstract will also be:

• No more than 250 words in length.
• Placed on its own page, immediately following the APA title page .
• Labeled with a bold, center-justified “Abstract” at the top

It is important to note that some publications will have their own instructions on how to format the abstract. In addition, some publications require a statement of significance in addition to the abstract.

If you are submitting your paper to a journal, be sure to check the publication’s author instructions.

The abstract page of an APA paper can be presented in two ways. As the author, you have the option of presenting your abstract in either paragraph format or structured format .

Paragraph format is more common with student papers. This is a single paragraph with no indentation on the first line. The objective, method, results, and conclusions are presented one after another in a simple, narrative manner.

Structured format is similar in formatting with one key difference. This format calls for the insertion of specific labels to identify the different parts of the abstract. In other words, “Objective,” “Method,” “Results,” and “Conclusions” are presented as labels before their corresponding sentences in the abstract.

It’s important to remember that some publications have different labeling requirements. If you’re submitting your paper to a journal, be sure to check the formatting standards.

APA abstract example: Paragraph format

Let’s move on to a specific example of a properly formatted APA abstract written in paragraph format.

The following abstract is from the paper “Movement, wildness, and animal aesthetics” by Tom Greaves. Note how the first line is not indented like a normal paragraph.

The key role that animals play in our aesthetic appreciation of the natural world has only gradually been highlighted in discussions in environmental aesthetics. In this article I make use of the phenomenological notion of ‘perceptual sense’ as developed by Merleau-Ponty to argue that open-ended expressive-responsive movement is the primary aesthetic ground for our appreciation of animals. It is through their movement that the array of qualities we admire in animals are manifest qua animal qualities. Against functionalist and formalist accounts, I defend and develop an account of expressive-responsive movement as the primary perceptual sense of animals. I go on to suggest that the primacy of movement in the aesthetic appreciation of animals is also the primary sense of animal ‘wildness’, and that a key part of the rewilding paradigm should be the development of such appreciation.

In the paragraph above, Greaves uses his first sentence to explain the basic problem, and the next two sentences to describe the method. The fourth sentence presents the results, and the fifth sentence wraps things up with a conclusion.

It’s only five sentences, and it tells the reader everything they need to know about the contents of the paper.

APA abstract example: Structured format

Next up is an example of a properly formatted APA abstract written in structured format. This example uses the same abstract as above, with the addition of identifying labels.

Structured abstracts are only necessary when specifically requested by the class, institution, or journal you are submitting to. For all APA journals, these labels are bold, italicized, and capitalized.

Objective. The key role that animals play in our aesthetic appreciation of the natural world has only gradually been highlighted in discussions in environmental aesthetics. Method. In this article I make use of the phenomenological notion of ‘perceptual sense’ as developed by Merleau-Ponty to argue that open-ended expressive-responsive movement is the primary aesthetic ground for our appreciation of animals. It is through their movement that the array of qualities we admire in animals are manifest qua animal qualities. Results. Against functionalist and formalist accounts, I defend and develop an account of expressive-responsive movement as the primary perceptual sense of animals. Conclusions. I go on to suggest that the primacy of movement in the aesthetic appreciation of animals is also the primary sense of animal ‘wildness’, and that a key part of the rewilding paradigm should be the development of such appreciation.

A paper’s keywords section is intended to help people find your work. These are the acronyms, phrases, or words that describe the most important elements of your paper. Any papers submitted to an APA journal should include three to five keywords.

The keywords section is generally only required for professional papers. However, some professors and universities specifically request that it be included in student papers.

Formatting the keywords section

The keywords are presented on the same page as the abstract, one line below the end of the abstract paragraph. It begins with the label “Keywords:”, and it is italicized and indented 0.5in from the margin.

Next comes a list of the keywords separated by commas. The keywords should be lowercase, unless the keyword is a proper noun. There is no punctuation at the end of a keyword list.

APA abstract with keywords example

Take another look at the abstract example that was provided above. Here is what a set of keywords might look like for that paper, pulling between 3-5 specific terms from the abstract itself.

The keywords are placed one line below the abstract without any additional spaces.

Keywords: animals, animal aesthetics, wildness, rewilding

The information in this guide came from the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7 th ed.). Chapter 2 of this book lays out the basic formatting elements for APA 7, including how to write an APA abstract.

You can also consult chapter 3.3 for more in-depth recommendations on how to formulate your abstract based on what type of paper you are writing.

Published October 27, 2020.

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How do I cite an abstract?

Note: This post relates to content in the eighth edition of the MLA Handbook . For up-to-date guidance, see the ninth edition of the MLA Handbook .

Very few circumstances call for citing an abstract.

Never cite an abstract as a short-cut, a way of avoiding reading and citing the full published work. This is akin to citing the summary of a work that you would find on a book jacket or on a site like CliffsNotes . If you cite an abstract in lieu of the work it summarizes, you are shortchanging both the author and yourself: you are not accurately representing the author’s complete work, which may contain key information that is missing from the abstract, and you lose the experience of reading and engaging with the author’s extended argument and the evidence that supports it.

If you are doing most of your research online, it may be tempting to cite an abstract because many online journals and databases allow you to see an article’s abstract but won’t let you read the full article without a subscription. When you run into this barrier, you’ll have to access the full article some other way—either in hard copy at a library or through a university or other institution’s subscription to an online database that contains the essay in full.

It only makes sense to cite an abstract if you are writing about the abstract as an abstract and not about the work it summarizes: for instance, if you are writing about different styles of writing abstracts used in the sciences and humanities.

If you do need to create a works-cited-list entry for an abstract, follow the MLA format template . List the author of the abstract followed by a description in place of a title. Then list the title of the publication in which the abstract appears as the title of the container. Then list the publication details:

“One abstract effectively piques the reader’s interest with its opening question: ‘What does it mean to be a reader of a novel?'”(Ong). Work Cited Ong, Yi-Ping. Abstract of “Anna Karenina Reads on the Train: Readerly Subjectivity and the Poetics of the Novel.” PMLA , vol. 133, no. 5, Oct. 2018, p. 1302.

You will find an example of a justifiable, and necessary, citation of an abstract in a recent Style Center post that discusses how to write an abstract .

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Q. How do I cite an abstract in AMA (American Medical Association) Style ?

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Answered By: Charlotte Beyer, MSIS, AHIP Last Updated: Nov 02, 2022     Views: 53063

It really depends on where you find the abstract. The only way you should use the abstract is if the full article is not available. If you are citing the abstract as part of the full article, cite the full article. To learn how to find articles by title click here. 

Author. Article Title [Abstract Number]. Journal Title . Year;Volume(issue): page numbers. 

Fliesler SJ, Richards MJ, Peachey NS, Buchan B, Vaughan DK, Organisciak DT. Potentiation of retinal light damage in an animal model of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome [ARVO abstract 3373].  Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci . 2001;42(suppl):S627.

Format: Authors. Abstract Title. [abstract taken from Journal Title. Year;Volume(issue):Page Numbers]. Abstract Journal Title . Year;Volume(Issue):Page Number. 

Example:  Elner VM, Hassan AS, Frueh BR. Graded full-thickness anterior blepharotomy for upper eyelid retraction [abstract taken from  Arch Ophthalmol . 2004;122(1):55-60].  Arch Facial Plast Surg . 2004;6(4):277.

If the abstract was published in an issue devoted to conference proceedings:

Format: Authors. Presentation title. In proceedings title; Date; Location of Conference. Abstract number. 

Example: Khuri FR, Lee JJ, Lippman SM, et al. Isotretinoin effects on head and neck cancer recurrence and second primary tumors. In: Proceedings from the American Society of Clinical Oncology; May 31-June 3, 2003; Chicago, IL. Abstract 359.

If abstract is only in the conference program:

Format: Authors. Paper or Poster Title. Paper or Poster presented at: Meeting title with Full Association Title; Date of Presentation; Location of Conference. 

Example:  Durbin D, Kallan M, Elliott M, Arbogast K, Cornejo R, Winston F. Risk of injury to restrained children from passenger air bags. Paper presented at:  46th Annual Meeting of the Association for the Advancement for Automotive Medicine; September 20, 2002; Tempe, AZ.

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In scholarly writing, it is essential to acknowledge how others contributed to your work. By following the principles of proper citation, writers ensure that readers understand their contribution in the context of the existing literature—how they are building on, critically examining, or otherwise engaging the work that has come before.

APA Style provides guidelines to help writers determine the appropriate level of citation and how to avoid plagiarism and self-plagiarism.

We also provide specific guidance for in-text citation, including formats for interviews, classroom and intranet sources, and personal communications; in-text citations in general; and paraphrases and direct quotations.

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How exactly abstract should be listed on CV

• Thread starter Chicken Bone
• Start date Feb 21, 2021

Chicken Bone

Full member.

• Feb 21, 2021

SDN Chief Administrator

This is why ERAS is stupid in that it has only one section for any kind of abstract/poster/publication. Nobody thinks of a poster and a full publication as equivalent, no matter whether the abstract technically makes into a journal supplement. dont double list any of these, they’re either a peer-reviewed abstract or they’re a poster, not both. I would list the first two as posters and the last as an oral/podium presentation.  

• Feb 22, 2021

On your CV, you should have multiple sections, and all of these go in the last of the following: Peer reviewed publications Book chapters Abstracts/posters/presentations  

GoSpursGo said: This is why ERAS is stupid in that it has only one section for any kind of abstract/poster/publication. Nobody thinks of a poster and a full publication as equivalent, no matter whether the abstract technically makes into a journal supplement. dont double list any of these, they’re either a peer-reviewed abstract or they’re a poster, not both. I would list the first two as posters and the last as an oral/podium presentation. Click to expand...

Chicken Bone said: As for the first and third, it makes sense. But for the second one, this is a little weird, because it was first reviewed by the committee for a conference presentation. And then it was reviewed again to be a part of the top 200 abstracts that got published. Click to expand...

SurfingDoctor

"good news, everyone".

• Mar 2, 2021

Abstract = Poster < Presentation (not Poster) < Publication Everyone knows this already who reads your application, and no one will be fooled no matter where you list it. You can call it a poster presentation or a conference abstract and sprinkle it with whatever, but everyone stills knows this was unlikely peer-reviewed and you likely stood in front of the poster for 3 hours to have 2 people come by. Those posters aren't CV builders, they are for networking (and to pad the coffers of the respective society you submitted it through). No one reading the application will pretend otherwise. I mean, you should list them cause you put some work into them, but they don't mean a whole lot beyond that. Oh, and as mentioned, don't double list.  

All abstracts presented are national/international societies representing legit specialties are technically peer reviewed even if not published in the journal of said society; I do not remember how it is on eras but on real CVs there’s a section for abstracts that can be separated into posters and oral presentations. they should follow some variant of this format: authors...title...presented at the Nth Annual meeting of the society of medical specialty...date...location under no circumstances do abstracts get listed as a publication even if they appear in a medical journal.  

Dr G Oogle said: All abstracts presented are national/international societies representing legit specialties are technically peer reviewed even if not published in the journal of said society; I do not remember how it is on eras but on real CVs there’s a section for abstracts that can be separated into posters and oral presentations. they should follow some variant of this format: authors...title...presented at the Nth Annual meeting of the society of medical specialty...date...location under no circumstances do abstracts get listed as a publication even if they appear in a medical journal. Click to expand...

SurfingDoctor said: Abstract = Poster < Presentation (not Poster) < Publication Everyone knows this already who reads your application, and no one will be fooled no matter where you list it. You can call it a poster presentation or a conference abstract and sprinkle it with whatever, but everyone stills knows this was unlikely peer-reviewed and you likely stood in front of the poster for 3 hours to have 2 people come by. Those posters aren't CV builders, they are for networking (and to pad the coffers of the respective society you submitted it through). No one reading the application will pretend otherwise. I mean, you should list them cause you put some work into them, but they don't mean a whole lot beyond that. Oh, and as mentioned, don't double list. Click to expand...

Chicken Bone said: Thank you, i had this abstract to the biggest conference in a specialty, and they ranked all the abstracts by tier I and tier II, only the top 200 abstracts for podium presentation and 25 posters (tier I) would make to a journal publication, for the rest of the bulk amount of abstracts submitted, those were not published in a journal but just website booklet. Where can I list this? maybe have an honor section on my CV? Click to expand...

GoSpursGo said: I will push back ever so slightly. I agree that in academia, these posters mean nothing and are for networking. However, as a med student I think it is meaningful that you actually managed to do research and are capable of putting your story together in a format that can be shared with the scientific community. Med school is littered with students who reach out and start a project because they want to "try research." A bunch of those students can never get off the ground, or can't analyze their data in any meaningful way. A poster ain't a pub, but it shows you give at least half a crap. This will mean nothing if you're applying to a highly competitive specialty like derm where you have to just stack up actual publications to pass muster. But for less competitive specialties, like peds, having anything at all under your CV in terms of an actual deliverable is notable. Yes, it's an honor/award. Click to expand...

SurfingDoctor said: I see a lot of pediatric applications with presentations and abstracts. They are certainly better than “gave a lecture to my classmates” because that is utter fluff, but what I said is accurate for pediatrics too. Again, people should put anything they can on their application, and sure having a poster presentation is better than nothing, but it’s just a easy to explain in the research section ones interest and the work they did. If an applicant can articulate that better, personally I find that more meaningful. In fact, if I person puts an abstract on their application and can’t articulate what they general concept of the research was, why it was being studied and role they had, that’s a red flag no matter what their application says. However, this is mostly beyond the scope of the original question which can be distilled down to: Put whatever you feel is relevant on your application, don’t double dip and for gods sake, try to be interesting during the interview (though not too interesting... ie keep you shoes on) Click to expand...

• Mar 3, 2021

Chicken Bone said: 1. I have an abstract submitted to an annual conference of a society. It got accepted, and the abstract was published officially in one of the issues in the society's official journal. I later made a poster presentation at the annual conference. In this case, should I list the published abstract under publication and poster presentation under presentation on CV? Click to expand...

Chicken Bone said: 2. Very similar to the first one, but this time only the top 200 abstracts of the conference by peer-review got published officially in a journal. Plus, all abstracts were posted on the website in an abstract booklet. What should I list? Same to the first one? Click to expand...

Chicken Bone said: 3. The society doesn't publish abstracts in its journal, but it was posted in a booklet under the title "paper abstract." At the same time, they also have another booklet called "poster abstract." We made the podium presentation at this conference. What's the difference between paper abstract and poster abstract? Can I list this under publication? Click to expand...

Dr G Oogle said: All abstracts presented are national/international societies representing legit specialties are technically peer reviewed even if not published in the journal of said society; I do not remember how it is on eras but on real CVs there’s a section for abstracts that can be separated into posters and oral presentations. Click to expand...

• Mar 5, 2021

So I'm confused about how it works as an abstract. If you have an abstract that you submit to multiple conferences, say a local/institutional conferences and a national conference (to get feedback on it before you continue/publish it) then end up publishing it. How would it be listed on ERAS? 1. Just the publication? 2. The publication and 1 abstract submission? 3. The publication and all abstract submissions?  

Gilakend said: So I'm confused about how it works as an abstract. If you have an abstract that you submit to multiple conferences, say a local/institutional conferences and a national conference (to get feedback on it before you continue/publish it) then end up publishing it. How would it be listed on ERAS? 1. Just the publication? 2. The publication and 1 abstract submission? 3. The publication and all abstract submissions? Click to expand...

Frogger27 said: I listed all. Each presentation is at a different conference so it’s own individual entry, along with the manuscript Click to expand...

Gilakend said: So just to clarify: when the ERAS is counting those for the charting outcomes even if it’s the same abstract but submitted to two conferences and then an eventual paper, that counts as 3 total? Thanks for the response! Click to expand...

Frogger27 said: Correct. Every individual entry counts as 1 on ERAS. It shows up like this. Pretty easy to get these numbers up of you are productive in research. I had multiple projects that counted for 2-3 things on ERAS. Click to expand...

aldol16 said: That's interesting... is it expected that med students will pad like this? I've always wondered why the pubs/poster/abstracts # keeps creeping up on Charting Outcomes. Click to expand...

• Mar 6, 2021

Frogger27 said: Correct. Every individual entry counts as 1 on ERAS. It shows up like this. Pretty easy to get these numbers up of you are productive in research. I had multiple projects that counted for 2-3 things on ERAS. Peer Review Journal Articles/Abstracts Frogger, Frogger2, Frogger3. Project Title 1. Journal Info. Frogger, Duck, Bird. Project Title 2. Journal Info Peer Reviewed Journal Articles/Abstracts (Other than published) eg, publications that are submitted or accepted but not yet published Poster Presentations Frogger, Frogger2, Frogger 3. Project Title 1. Poster presented at National Conference x Frogger, Frogger2, Frogger3. Project Title 1. Poster Presented at Regional Conference y Frogger, Duck, Bird. Project Title 2. Poster Presented at Medical School Conference z Peer Reviewed Online Publications Non-Peer Reviewed Online Publications Click to expand...

People will see right through it that. The first thing I do is look at the research part and if see that kind of nonsense is occurring and I will not look upon it favorably because it is 100% padding. If you present only at a local or regional conference great but If you present at a national conference no need to put the other thing on there. Also putting presentations at your med school research day is not beneficial, it’s little better than putting your project on house location and bean plant growth at your 4th grade science fair. there is absolute nothing wrong with not having 15 research bullet points on your CV, there is something wrong with trying to stretch 3 research activities into 15 people will see right through that. Most probably won’t care but some might  

aldol16 said: That's not true. They're not technically peer-reviewed in any sense. What it means is several people looked at your abstract which did not contain the details needed to actually peer review the methods you used, and found the basic description of methods and the results produced interesting enough to be of interest to conference attendees. This is not peer review . Peer review refers to the process by which academic experts rigorously review your article for its methodology. You can't rigorously review anything when all you have is an abstract. Click to expand...

• Mar 7, 2021

Frogger27 said: I don't consider this padding... If you have a project that was accepted at a local and national conference, there is no reason not to put it twice. You went through the process of preparing it, submitting it, and traveling to that conference to present. Click to expand...

Dr G Oogle said: They are peer reviewed as in they are reviewed by a scientific committee and either accepted or rejected, thus reviewed by your peers. I would not assume the the same at local or regional conferences (at least not nearly the level of rigor compared to national conferences) They are not rigorously peer reviewed due to their nature, and I do not encourage people to put abstracts Under peer reviewed publications even if “published in a medical journal” Click to expand...

aldol16 said: Again, this is just a perverse definition of the term "peer reviewed." If you want to get down to the mechanics, I could send my paper to several faculty in the department who review it and say it's "peer reviewed." Again, people screening abstracts for a conference are looking for a lower quality floor and are using very limited information to screen, i.e., an abstract. They're looking to see if whatever you have is interesting/impactful for the conference attendees more than reviewing your methods (which are not provided to them except what is in the abstract). I guess if someone wants to create a section on their CV that says "peer-reviewed posters/presentations," they can, but peer review here doesn't mean anything. A more accurate term would be "peer screened" but I wouldn't actually encourage someone to say that. Click to expand...

• Mar 8, 2021

Dr G Oogle said: People will see right through it that. The first thing I do is look at the research part and if see that kind of nonsense is occurring and I will not look upon it favorably because it is 100% padding. If you present only at a local or regional conference great but If you present at a national conference no need to put the other thing on there. Also putting presentations at your med school research day is not beneficial, it’s little better than putting your project on house location and bean plant growth at your 4th grade science fair. there is absolute nothing wrong with not having 15 research bullet points on your CV, there is something wrong with trying to stretch 3 research activities into 15 people will see right through that. Most probably won’t care but some might Click to expand...

It’s not bad to use same data set to generate novel analyses and write multiple papers or abstracts, but you have to be careful about salami slicing and turning what should be 1 or 2 or 3 papers and generate 6. On the other hand using literally the same abstract and presenting it 6 times and then saying you have 6 abstracts is not great. As far as “research activity” on eras you can put projects involved in but not published on a real CV only papers and abstracts should be noted  

Dr G Oogle said: It’s not bad to use same data set to generate novel analyses and write multiple papers or abstracts, but you have to be careful about salami slicing and turning what should be 1 or 2 or 3 papers and generate 6. On the other hand using literally the same abstract and presenting it 6 times and then saying you have 6 abstracts is not great. As far as “research activity” on eras you can put projects involved in but not published on a real CV only papers and abstracts should be noted Click to expand...

Chicken Bone said: Actually, it is not the same data set, it is numerous papers under one big project. For example like investigating an xxx disease in the rat model, paper 1 is about a mechanism of this, paper 2 is about the investigation of that gene, paper 3 is about analysis of mutant protein of Y, abstract 1 is about immune responses of Z, abstract 2 is about another thing and so on They are all related to each other, but they are different stuff. So I am confused about the research activity, should all of these be listed separately or as one activity. The reason I asked is I am pretty delved into the same board topic and if I continue so, I would expect to have almost 10 papers/abstracts but for only one activity Click to expand...

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ASO Visual Abstract: Impact of Margin Status on Local Recurrence in Patients with Breast Cancer Undergoing Breast-Conserving Surgery After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: A Retrospective Multi-Institutional Cohort Study

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Abstract: Current research on RAGs is distributed across various disciplines, and since the technology is evolving very quickly, its unit of analysis is mostly on technological innovations, rather than applications in business contexts. Thus, in this research, we aim to create a taxonomy to conceptualize a comprehensive overview of the constituting characteristics that define RAG applications, facilitating the adoption of this technology in the IS community. To the best of our knowledge, no RAG application taxonomies have been developed so far. We describe our methodology for developing the taxonomy, which includes the criteria for selecting papers, an explanation of our rationale for employing a Large Language Model (LLM)-supported approach to extract and identify initial characteristics, and a concise overview of our systematic process for conceptualizing the taxonomy. Our systematic taxonomy development process includes four iterative phases designed to refine and enhance our understanding and presentation of RAG's core dimensions. We have developed a total of five meta-dimensions and sixteen dimensions to comprehensively capture the concept of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) applications. When discussing our findings, we also detail the specific research areas and pose key research questions to guide future information system researchers as they explore the emerging topics of RAG systems.

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