national education policy 2020 assignment

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National Education Policy NEP 2020, Comprehensive Guide

National Education Policy: Education plays a pivotal role in shaping a nation’s future and fostering the growth of its citizens. Recognizing the need for comprehensive reforms to meet the challenges of the 21st century, the Government of India unveiled the National Education Policy (NEP) in July 2020. This landmark policy represents a paradigm shift in the Indian education system, with a vision to transform the way knowledge is imparted, promote holistic development, and equip learners with the skills required to thrive in a rapidly changing world.

Celebration of the 4th anniversary of National Education Policy 2020!

Ministry of Education is celebrating the 4th anniversary of National Education Policy 2020 with the week-long campaign, “Shiksha Saptah.” The Department of School Education & Literacy hosted a thematic session on the National Curriculum Framework (NCF) during the Akhil Bhartiya Shiksha Samagam, commemorating the 4th anniversary of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. This session detailed:

• The development process of the NCF for different educational stages.
• Key discussions included the implementation of NCF for the Foundational Stage and School Education, focusing on play-based and competency-based learning, cultural rootedness, multilingualism, and the integration of Indian Knowledge Systems.
• It also highlighted the presence of NCF in classrooms through improved pedagogy, skills, competencies, and the involvement of parents and the larger community in school governance. The session emphasized the holistic and inclusive educational landscape in India.
• Additionally, the Department of School Education & Literacy introduced guidelines for “10 Bagless Days” during the Akhil Bhartiya Shiksha Samagam. This initiative aims to make learning a joyful, experiential, and stress-free process through various activities conducted outside the traditional classroom environment.

Key Highlights of the National Education Policy

• Holistic and Multidisciplinary Education: The NEP emphasizes a shift from a rigid, compartmentalized education system to one that promotes holistic learning. The policy advocates the integration of arts, humanities, and sciences, encouraging students to explore diverse subjects and discover their passions.
• Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE): The policy focuses on the crucial early years of a child’s development. It aims to provide a strong foundation for learning by integrating Early Childhood Care and Education into the formal education system. This will help enhance children’s cognitive, social, and emotional skills from an early age.
• Reimagining School Education: The NEP aims to transform the current 10+2 schooling system into a more flexible 5+3+3+4 structure. The first five years will focus on foundational learning, followed by three years of preparatory education and four years of multidisciplinary secondary education. This approach aligns with global standards and promotes experiential learning and critical thinking.
• Multilingualism and Language Proficiency: Recognizing India’s linguistic diversity, the NEP encourages the teaching of regional languages along with Hindi and English. This move not only promotes cultural inclusivity but also aims to improve language proficiency and communication skills among students.
• Assessment Reforms: The policy seeks to replace rote memorization with a competency-based approach to assessments. It encourages formative and continuous evaluations to gauge a student’s progress based on their understanding and problem-solving abilities rather than just marks.
• Promoting Digital Learning: With a focus on leveraging technology to improve access and quality of education, the NEP emphasizes the use of digital resources and e-learning platforms. This will help bridge the digital divide and ensure that students from all walks of life have equal access to educational opportunities.
• Higher Education Reforms: The NEP envisions a multidisciplinary and flexible higher education system. It aims to promote research and innovation, foster creativity, and establish robust connections between academia and industry. The policy also paves the way for foreign universities to set up campuses in India, promoting international collaboration.
• Teacher Empowerment: Recognizing the pivotal role of teachers in shaping young minds, the NEP aims to enhance teacher training and professional development. It also encourages a more learner-centric pedagogical approach and a greater emphasis on nurturing teachers’ creative and critical thinking skills.
• Gender and Social Inclusion: The NEP emphasizes the importance of inclusivity, aiming to bridge gender and social gaps in education. It strives to ensure equal opportunities for all, regardless of gender, caste, or economic background.

National Education Policy (NEP) 2020

The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 is a landmark document that heralds a new era in the Indian education system. Approved by the Union Cabinet in July 2020, the NEP aims to revolutionize education in India and prepare the country’s youth for the challenges and opportunities of the 21st century. It seeks to address the shortcomings of the previous education policy and proposes a comprehensive framework to make education more inclusive, flexible, and multidisciplinary.

Key Objectives of NEP 2020

The NEP 2020 outlines several key objectives that serve as the foundation for the proposed reforms:

• Universalization of Education: The policy aims to provide universal access to quality education from early childhood to higher education. It envisions ensuring equitable and inclusive education for all, including children from disadvantaged backgrounds.
• Holistic and Multidisciplinary Education: The NEP emphasizes a shift from the traditional compartmentalized approach to education, fostering a multidisciplinary approach that encourages critical thinking, creativity, and problem-solving skills.
• Flexibility and Choice: The policy advocates for flexibility in curriculum design, allowing students to choose subjects of their interest while promoting a well-rounded education.
• Emphasis on Early Childhood Education: The NEP recognizes the crucial importance of early childhood education in a child’s development and focuses on strengthening the early education infrastructure.
• Vocational and Skill Development: The policy emphasizes the integration of vocational education with academic learning to equip students with practical skills and enhance their employability.
• Use of Technology: NEP 2020 aims to leverage technology to improve the quality and reach of education, making learning more accessible and personalized.
• Teacher Training and Professional Development: The policy underscores the need for continuous professional development for teachers, empowering them with modern teaching methodologies and technologies.
• Assessment Reforms: NEP 2020 advocates for a shift from rote learning and high-stakes examinations to a more holistic and continuous assessment system that focuses on understanding and application.

Salient Features of NEP 2020

• 5+3+3+4 School Structure: The policy introduces a new school structure, dividing the pre-school and primary stages into a 5+3+3+4 format. The foundational stage (ages 3 to 8) focuses on play-based and activity-based learning, ensuring a strong base for children.
• Mother Tongue as Medium of Instruction: NEP 2020 encourages the use of the mother tongue or regional language as the medium of instruction until at least grade 5 to promote better understanding and cognitive development.
• National Academic Credit Bank (NACB): The NACB is proposed to facilitate seamless credit transfers among institutions and promote multidisciplinary learning.
• Setting Up of National Research Foundation (NRF): The NRF aims to foster research and innovation in all disciplines, providing grants and promoting a culture of research in educational institutions.
• Multiple Entry and Exit Points in Higher Education: The NEP introduces a flexible approach to higher education, allowing students to enter and exit degree programs as per their preferences and requirements.

Challenges and Implementation of NEP 2020

Implementing such an ambitious and wide-ranging policy poses several challenges. Funding, infrastructure, teacher training, and coordination among various stakeholders are some of the significant obstacles. Moreover, ensuring uniform implementation across diverse states and regions remains a challenge.

Different National Education Policies in India Since Independence

Education has always been a vital aspect of India’s growth and development. Throughout its history, the country has witnessed various changes in its educational policies to adapt to the evolving needs of society and economy. The government of India has consistently strived to improve the quality of education and enhance access to learning opportunities for all citizens. In this article, we will explore the major milestones in India’s education sector by examining the various National Education Policies (NEPs) implemented over the years.

1. Education Policy of 1968 (NEP 1968):

The first comprehensive National Education Policy of independent India was formulated in 1968. This policy aimed to promote a uniform educational structure across the country, focusing on improving access to primary education, adult literacy, and technical education. The NEP 1968 sought to implement a 10+2+3 education system, where schooling would consist of ten years of primary and secondary education, followed by a three-year undergraduate degree.

2. Education Policy of 1986 (NEP 1986):

With the realization that the NEP 1968 did not adequately address the emerging challenges in the education sector, the government introduced the National Policy on Education in 1986. This policy aimed to modernize and internationalize education while giving due importance to India’s rich cultural heritage. Key objectives included the universalization of primary education, promoting science and technology education, and strengthening vocational education. NEP 1986 also emphasized the integration of education for children with special needs and the establishment of the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) and the National Open School (now known as the National Institute of Open Schooling, NIOS).

3. Education Policy of 1992 (Program of Action 1992):

The National Policy on Education 1986 underwent an amendment in 1992, resulting in the Program of Action. This program addressed the challenges in the implementation of the NEP 1986 and provided a roadmap for achieving its objectives. It focused on decentralization of education, enhancing the role of teachers, promoting value-based education, and strengthening vocational education to address unemployment issues.

4. Education Policy of 2020 (NEP 2020):

The National Education Policy 2020 marks a significant reform in India’s education landscape. After a gap of almost three decades, this policy was formulated to meet the needs of the 21st century and address the complexities of an ever-changing world. NEP 2020 envisions transforming the Indian education system to empower learners with critical thinking, creativity, and holistic development.

Key highlights of NEP 2020 include:

A. Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE): Introducing foundational learning in early years (ages 3-6) and integrating ECCE into the formal education system.

B. School Education: Implementing a 5+3+3+4 curricular and pedagogical structure, emphasizing experiential learning and reducing the curriculum load. Vocational education will be introduced from the 6th grade.

C. Higher Education: Transforming higher education by promoting multidisciplinary learning, allowing for multiple exit points, and integrating research into the undergraduate curriculum.

D. Teacher Education: Revamping teacher training programs to enhance the quality of educators and introducing a four-year integrated B.Ed. program.

E. Digital Education: Integrating technology into education to improve access, equity, and quality of learning.

F. Gender Inclusion: Ensuring equal opportunities and promoting the participation of all genders in education.

G. National Research Foundation (NRF): Establishing an NRF to fund and promote research across disciplines.

H. Graded Autonomy: Granting greater autonomy to educational institutions to foster innovation and creativity.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is nep policy 2023, एनईपी नीति 2023 क्या है, what are the three pillars of the nep, what does 5 3 3 4 means in education.

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Salient Features of NEP, 2020

National Education Policy 2020 has been announced on 29.07.2020. The National Education Policy 2020 proposes various reforms in school education as well as higher education including technical education. A number of action points/activities for implementation in school education as well as higher education are mentioned in the National Education Policy 2020. Details of the salient features of NEP 2020 are as follows-

• Ensuring Universal Access at All Levels of schooling from pre-primary school to Grade 12;
• Ensuring quality early childhood care and education for all children between 3-6 years;
• New Curricular and Pedagogical Structure (5+3+3+4);
• No hard separations between arts and sciences, between curricular and extra-curricular activities, between    vocational and academic streams;
• Establishing National Mission on Foundational Literacy and Numeracy;
• Emphasis on promoting multilingualism and Indian languages; The medium of instruction until at least Grade 5, but preferably till Grade 8 and beyond, will be the home language/mother tongue/local language/regional language.
• Assessment reforms - Board Exams on up to two occasions during any given school year, one main examination and one for improvement, if desired;
• Setting up of a new National Assessment Centre, PARAKH (Performance Assessment, Review, and Analysis of Knowledge for Holistic Development);
• Equitable and inclusive education - Special emphasis given on Socially and Economically Disadvantaged  Groups (SEDGs);
• A separate Gender Inclusion fund and Special Education Zones for disadvantaged regions and groups;
• Robust and transparent processes for recruitment of teachers and merit based performance;
• Ensuring availability of all resources through school complexes and clusters;

(xiii) Setting up of State School Standards Authority (SSSA);

(xiv) Exposure of vocational education in school and higher education system;

• Increasing GER in higher education to 50%;

(xvi) Holistic and Multidisciplinary Education with multiple entry/exit options;

• NTA to offer Common Entrance Exam for Admission to HEIs;
• Establishment of Academic Bank of Credit;

(xix) Setting up of Multidisciplinary Education and Research Universities (MERUs);

• Setting up of National Research Foundation (NRF);

(xxi) ‘Light but Tight’ regulation;

• Single overarching umbrella body for promotion of higher education sector including teacher education and excluding medical and legal education- the Higher Education Commission of India (HECI)-with independent bodies for standard setting- the General Education Council; funding-Higher Education Grants Council (HEGC); accreditation- National Accreditation Council (NAC); and regulation- National Higher Education Regulatory Council (NHERC);
• Expansion of open and distance learning to increase Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER).
• Internationalization of Education
• Professional Education will be an integral part of the higher education system. Stand-alone technical universities, health science universities, legal and agricultural universities, or institutions in these or other fields, will aim to become multi-disciplinary institutions.
• Teacher Education - 4-year integrated stage-specific, subject- specific Bachelor of Education
• Establishing a National Mission for Mentoring.
• Creation of an autonomous body, the National Educational Technology Forum (NETF) to provide a platform for the free exchange of ideas on the use of technology to enhance learning, assessment, planning, administration. Appropriate integration of technology into all levels of education.
• Achieving 100% youth and adult literacy.
• Multiple mechanisms with checks and balances will combat and stop the commercialization of higher  education.
• All education institutions will be held to similar standards of audit and disclosure as a ‘not for profit’ entity.
• The Centre and the States will work together to increase the public investment in Education sector to   reach 6% of GDP at the earliest.
• Strengthening of the Central Advisory Board of Education to ensure coordination to bring overall  focus on quality education.

NEP, 2020 aim to increase the GER to 100% in preschool to secondary level by 2030 whereas GER in Higher Education including vocational education from 26.3% (2018) to 50% by 2035.

The Central Sector Scheme Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya National Mission on Teachers and Teaching (PMMMNMTT) was launched in 2014 to address comprehensively all issues related to Teacher Training/ Capacity Building and Professional Development of Teachers. Under the components, the total 95 Centres were established throughout the country through which faculties/Teachers have been trained. Currently, The Standing Finance Committee has appraised the Scheme and recommended for continuation till 2025-2026 with the total outlay of Rs. 493.68 crore. Under the PMMMNMTT Scheme Centres are established on the basis of the proposals received from education institutions, their screening by Screening Committee and approval by Project Approval Board.

The information was given by the Minister of State for Education, Dr. Subhas Sarkar in a written reply in the Lok Sabha today.

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NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY (NEP) 2020

Copyright infringement not intended

Context - The Prime Minister chairs a high-level meeting to review the implementation progress of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020.

• The Prime Minister reviewed the progress made under the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 .
• He suggested that a hybrid system of online and offline learning should be developed to avoid overexposure to the technology in school-going children.
• Regular health check-ups for children in schools should be carried out with the help of technology.

Highlights of New Education Policy-2020

• The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 was released in July 2020.
• NEP 2020 will replace the National Policy on Education, 1986.
• It aims at ensuring Universal Access at All Levels of schooling from pre-primary school to Grade 12.
• It Ensures quality early childhood care and education for all children between 3-6 years.
• 5 years of foundational stage (for ages 3 to 8).
• 3 years of preparatory stage (for ages 8 to 11 or classes 3 to 5).
• 3 years of middle stage (for ages 11 to 14 or classes 6 to 8).
• 4 years of secondary stage (for ages 14 to 18 or classes 9 to 12).
• No strict separations between arts and sciences, between curricular and extracurricular activities, and between vocational and academic streams.
• To establish a National Mission on Foundational Literacy and Numeracy .
• Promoting multilingualism and Indian languages.
• Reform in Assessment of Board Exams. Setting up a new National Assessment Centre, PARAKH (Performance Assessment, Review, and Analysis of Knowledge for Holistic Development) .
• Special priority is given to socially and Economically Disadvantaged Groups.
• A separate Gender Inclusion fund and Special Education Zones for disadvantaged regions and groups;
• A transparent process for recruitment of teachers and merit-based performance assessment.
• Ensuring availability of all resources through school complexes and clusters .
• Setting up of the State School Standards Authority.
• Promoting Vocational education in school and higher education systems.
• Increasing Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in higher education to 50%.
• Multidisciplinary Education with multiple entry/exit options.
• Establishment of Academic Bank of Credit
• Setting up of Multidisciplinary Education and Research Universities.
• Setting up of the National Research Foundation .
• Expansion of open and distance learning to increase GER.
• Teacher Education - 4-year integrated stage-specific, subject-specific Bachelor of Education
• Research universities focus equally on research and teaching.
• Teaching universities focus primarily on teaching.
• Degree-granting colleges primarily focused on undergraduate teaching.
• Multiple mechanisms with checks and balances will combat and stop the commercialization of higher education.
• All education institutions will be held to similar standards of audit and disclosure as ‘not-for-profit entities.
• The Centre and the States will work together to increase the public investment in the Education sector to reach 6% of GDP at the earliest.
• Strengthening of the Central Advisory Board of Education to ensure coordination to bring overall focus on quality education.

 Objectives of NEP 2020

• Reforms in curriculum content.
• The medium of instruction should be in the local language/mother tongue of the child. The current three language formula will continue to be implemented.
• Reform in the overall assessment process
• Teacher training and management.
• Ensure effective governance of schools.
• Increasing Gross Enrolment Ratio to 50% by 2035 (It was 26.3% in 2018).
• Restructuring of institutions.
• Multidisciplinary education.
• Improving research.
• Promoting Digital education.

Challenges in Indian Education System

• India has achieved universal enrolment at the elementary level. This is a great achievement, but getting Students to School is only the beginning of human Capital formation.
• Poor quality of facilities, Shortage of qualified faculty.
• Out of date Curriculum, Limited university-industry Partnership .
• Indian origin Scientists have won the Nobel Prize, but post-independence work done in India has not led to a Science novel. If Indians Studying and working abroad can have a great impact, then obviously the problem has to do with our Systems of education and research.
• Broken governance System. There are few rewards for being a good teacher and few Punishments for being a Careless one. Need more effective and accountable governance Systems .
• The greed of Private Colleges to earn the maximum from every Student puts traumatic Pressure on Students which results in mental breakdown.
• More girls than boys drop out of School. While boys drop out to work, girls usually Stay at home and help with domestic Work. Social Conception of gender roles is an important factor.
• Learning loss due to pandemics and the digital divide.

Steps by the Government

• The 86th Constitution Amendment provides the F undamental right to free and compulsory education under Article 21A includes a Common education System where the “rich and Poor are educated under one roof".
• Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan provides funding to eligible State higher educational institutions.
• Declaration of Educational Institutions as institutions of Eminence, to provide world-class education to Indian Students within the Country.
• Creation of Higher Education Financing Agency, for high-quality infrastructure in Premier educational institutions.
• National Institution Ranking Framework for ranking our higher education institutions.
• GIAN Initiative to invite distinguished academicians, entrepreneurs, scientists, and experts from premier institutions across the world to teach in higher educational institutions in India.
• SWAYAM Portal for online Courses.
• SWAYAM Prabha Provide HD educational Channels through DTH on a 24X7 basis.
• Sodhganga to develop a national repository of universities in India, and digital Study material for higher education.
• Samagra Shiksha Scheme to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education at all levels of school education.
• The government is encouraging Open Online Courses via Swayam Platforms So that Students Can have access to quality lectures online.
• Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be used to Provide Personalised instructions based on Student needs.
• The government needs to work on improving digital infrastructure and ensure that students have access to mobile phones or laptops.

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Essay on New Education Policy 2020

500+ words essay on new education policy 2020.

Education is a fundamental need and right of everyone now. In order to achieve our goals and help develop a just society, we need education. Similarly, education plays a great role in the national development of a nation. As we are facing a major change in terms of knowledge globally, the Government of India approved the National Education Policy 2020. This essay on new education policy 2020 will help you learn how this new policy has replaced the National Education Policy 1986 that is 34 years old.

Aim of the New Education Policy 2020

This new policy has the aim of universalizing education from pre-school to secondary level. It plans to do that with a 100% GRE (Gross Enrollment Ratio) in schooling. The plan is to achieve it by 2030.

This essay on new education policy 2020 will highlight the changes brought in by this new policy. Firstly, the policy proposes to open Indian higher education in foreign universities.

It aims to introduce a four-year multidisciplinary undergraduate program with various exit options. Thus, this new policy will strive to make the country of India a global knowledge superpower.

Similarly, it also aims to make all universities and colleges multi-disciplinary by the year 2040. Finally, the policy aims to grow employment in India and also bring fundamental changes to the present educational system.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Advantages and Disadvantages of New Education Policy 2020

The policy gives an advantage to students of classes 10 and 12 by making the board exams easier. In other words, it plans to test the core competencies instead of mere memorization of facts.

It will allow all the students to take the exam twice. Further, it proposes that an independent authority will be responsible for regulating both public and private schools . Similarly, the policy aims to diminish any severe separation between the educational streams and vocational streams in the schools.

There will also be no rigid division between extra-curriculum. Vocational education will begin at class sixth with an internship. Now, the essay on new education policy 2020 will tell you about the disadvantages of the policy.

Firstly, it can make the education system expensive. Meaning to say, admission to foreign universities will probably result in this. Further, it will create a lack of human resources.

If we look at the present elementary education, we notice that there is a lack of skilled teachers. Thus, keeping this in mind, the National Education Policy 2020 can give rise to practical problems in implementing the system that is for elementary education.

Finally, there is also the drawback of the exodus of teachers. In other words, admission to foreign universities will ultimately result in our skilled teachers migrating to those universities.

To conclude the essay on New Education Policy 2020, we can say that this policy is an essential initiative to help in the all-around development of our society and country as a whole. However, the implementation of this policy will greatly determine its success. Nonetheless, with a youth dominant population, India can truly achieve a better state with the proper implementation of this education policy.

FAQ of Essay on New Education Policy 2020

Question 1: What does the New Education Policy 2020 aim to achieve by 2030?

Answer 1: This new policy has the aim of universalizing education from pre-school to secondary level. It plans to do that with a 100% GRE (Gross Enrollment Ratio) in schooling. The plan is to achieve it by 2030.

Question 2: Give two challenges the New Education Policy 2020 may face?

Answer 2: Firstly, it can make the education system expensive. Meaning to say, admission to foreign universities will probably result in this. Further, it will create a lack of human resources.

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National Education Policy 2020 in Higher Education

• 27 Sep 2023
• GS Paper - 2
• Issues Arising Out of Design & Implementation of Policies
• Issues Relating to Development

For Prelims: National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 , India's higher education system , National Research Foundation , PARAKH

For Mains: Salient Features of NEP 2020, Challenges in Implementing NEP 2020.

Why in News?

In a special session of Parliament , the Parliament Standing Committee on Education , presented a comprehensive report on the "Implementation of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 in Higher Education."

• The report examined the progress and challenges in implementing this significant policy shift in India's higher education sector.

What are the Major Highlights of the Report?

• The report emphasized that a significant portion of India's higher education system operates under State Acts, with 70% of universities falling under this category.
• This underscores the critical role played by States in providing higher education
• Disciplinary Rigidity: The panel raised concerns about the rigid separation of disciplines, which can hinder interdisciplinary learning and innovation.
• Limited Access in Disadvantaged Areas: Access to higher education in socio-economically disadvantaged regions remains limited, impeding the equitable distribution of educational opportunities.
• Language Barriers: There's a dearth of higher education institutes (HEIs) that offer instruction in local languages , potentially excluding a substantial section of the population.
• Faculty Shortage: A scarcity of qualified faculty members is plaguing the higher education sector, adversely impacting the quality of education.
• Lack of Institutional Autonomy : Many institutions face a lack of autonomy, hindering their ability to adapt and innovate.
• Research Emphasis: The panel noted a diminished emphasis on research within the current higher education system.
• Ineffective Regulatory System: The regulatory framework governing higher education was deemed ineffective, requiring comprehensive reform.
• Concern Related to Multiple Entry Multiple Exit Programme: The panel expressed concerns that implementing the MEME system in Indian institutions, while flexible in theory, may not align effectively due to unpredictability in student entry and exits. This unpredictability could disrupt the pupil-teacher ratio.
• Clear targets for the Gross Enrolment Ratio should be set for SEDGs to ensure increased access to higher education.
• Gender Balance: Efforts should be made to enhance gender balance in admissions to HEIs.
• Inclusive Admissions and Curriculum: Admission processes and curriculum should be made more inclusive to cater to diverse learner needs.
• Regional Language Courses: Development of more degree courses taught in regional languages and bilingually should be encouraged.
• Accessibility for Physically Challenged: Specific infrastructural steps should be taken to make higher education institutions more accessible to physically challenged students.
• Anti-discrimination Measures: Strict enforcement of no-discrimination and anti-harassment rules was recommended to ensure a safe and inclusive environment.
• Exploration of partnerships with private sector organizations, philanthropic foundations, and international financial institutions for funding should be pursued.

What is National Education Policy 2020?

• It calls for a comprehensive overhaul of the education system , including its regulations and management, to establish a modern system that aligns with 21st-century educational goals, including Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG4), while respecting India's cultural heritage and values.
• It replaces the thirty-four year old National Policy on Education, 1986, modified in 1992 (NPE 1986/92).
• Universal Access: NEP 2020 focuses on universal access to school education , including pre-school to secondary levels.
• Early Childhood Education: The 10+2 structure will shift to a 5+3+3+4 system, bringing 3-6-year-olds under school curriculum, with a focus on Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE).
• Indian Sign Language (ISL) will be standardized.
• Inclusive Education: Special emphasis on Socially and Economically Disadvantaged Groups (SEDGs), support for children with disabilities, and establishment of "Bal Bhavans."
• Elimination of Barriers: The policy promotes a seamless education system with no rigid distinctions between arts and sciences , curricular and extracurricular activities, and vocational and academic streams.
• GER Enhancement: Aim to increase Gross Enrolment Ratio from 26.3% to 50% by 2035 , adding 3.5 crore new seats.
• Research Focus: Creation of National Research Foundation to boost research culture and capacity.
• Language Preservation : Support for Indian languages, including an Institute of Translation and Interpretation (IITI) and strengthening language departments.
• Internationalization: Facilitation of international collaborations and entry of top-ranked foreign universities.
• Funding: Joint efforts to increase public investment in education to 6% of GDP.
• PARAKH Assessment Center: The establishment of PARAKH (Performance Assessment, Review, and Analysis of Knowledge for Holistic Development) as a national assessment center signifies a significant step towards competency-based and holistic assessment in education.
• Gender Inclusion Fund: The policy introduces a Gender Inclusion Fund, emphasizing the importance of gender equality in education and supporting initiatives to empower disadvantaged groups.
• Special Education Zones: Special Education Zones are envisioned to address the specific needs of disadvantaged regions and groups, furthering the policy's commitment to equitable access to quality education for all.

UPSC Civil Services Examination, Previous Year Question (PYQ)

Q. Which of the following provisions of the Constitution does India have a bearing on Education? (2012)

• Directive Principles of State Policy
• Rural and Urban Local Bodies
• Fifth Schedule
• Sixth Schedule
• Seventh Schedule

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

(a) 1 and 2 only  (b) 3, 4 and 5 only  (c) 1, 2 and 5 only  (d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

Q1. How have digital initiatives in India contributed to the functioning of the education system in the country? Elaborate on your answer. (2020)

Q2. Discuss the main objectives of Population Education and point out the measures to achieve them in India in detail. (2021)

Trump's Agenda47 on education: Abolish teacher tenure, universal school choice, patriotism

With former teacher Gov. Tim Walz rounding out the Democratic ticket, education could become a talking point in this election.

Republican Presidential candidate Donald Trump has laid out his education policy plans in Agenda47 . Separate from the oft-mentioned Project 2025 , Agenda47 covers Trump's official policy platform on issues including crime, health care and immigration. Agenda47 on education proposes 10 ideas for "great schools leading to great jobs" that range from curriculum requirements to preferential funding for schools with internship programs.

This election comes at a pivotal time for educators, says Jon Valant, director at the Brown Center on Education Policy at the Brookings Institution. Between the pandemic and the culture wars, teachers have had a rough few years and he says Trump's proposals are unlikely to alleviate the core of those issues.

"All of these are politics more than policy," Valant said in an interview. "My worry is distraction, these types of proposals... they're averting people's eyes from what we should actually be talking about."

The National Education Association , the largest teachers' union in the U.S., has thrown its support behind Vice President Kamala Harris and Walz. NEA President Becky Pringle said Trump's agenda is rooted in his time in office, appointing Betsy DeVos as Education secretary . Pringle said she hopes for an administration that will help teachers get more resources and respect to alleviate the teacher shortage.

"When I started teaching many years ago... I didn't really have a clue every decision that was made about my kids, my classroom, my colleagues, was made by someone who was elected or appointed to some position of power," Pringle said, explaining that they want more educators in public office. "We will have an educator in the White House."

Here are some of Trump's proposed education policies that impact teachers and school systems, as quoted in Agenda47:

Tim Walz career timeline: From high school teacher to Kamala Harris' vice-presidential pick

Give preference to schools that abolish teacher tenure

"To reward good teachers, President Trump will  implement  funding preferences and favorable treatment for states and school districts that abolish teacher tenure for grades K-12, adopt Merit Pay to reward good teachers and give parents the right to vote for the principals who direct their children’s education."

◾ How we got here: Valant called this proposal "an oldie but a goodie for conservative education reform," as it tends to be popular among conservatives. About a decade ago, several states sought to reform teacher tenure by extending the probationary period, but in recent years the push has been more muted as other education battles took the forefront.

◾ In today's context: Valant said union politics come into play here, as teachers unions want to protect tenure as a way to defend against unfounded firings. "This one is primarily the... direct shot at teachers unions," Valant said. He also said teacher recruitment and retention after the last few years is already under stress, and he worries taking away tenure could exacerbate that.

Universal school choice

"President Trump supports universal school choice so that parents can send their children to the public, private, or religious school that best suits their needs, their goals, and their values... President Trump commends Arizona, Arkansas, Florida, Iowa, Ohio, Oklahoma, Utah, and West Virginia for leading the American school choice revolution – and he looks forward to working with other states, as well as the U.S. Congress, to provide for universal school choice for every American family."

◾ How we got here: School choice can include a range of policies that give parents the ability to use public money for private school tuition or homeschooling. Valant said there was once bipartisan agreement on limited school choice policies that allowed for charter schools. But more expansive school choice policies, like providing vouchers that give money to parents for their kids to attend private school, dramatically expanded in the last few years. According to Education Week, proponents of school choice say it helps provide another option for kids in underperforming schools.

◾ In today's context: Many outcomes of expanding school choice policies have yet to be seen. But Valant said vouchers are often not enough to cover tuition costs for private schools, and as a result they mostly end up helping relatively wealthy families, many of whom already have kids in private school. He said it could also change the landscape of school enrollment if wealthy kids end up in private schools and low-income kids end up in public schools. "To me...it feels like incredible risk for the damage they may do to their public education systems."

Create a credentialing body to certify patriotic teachers

"President Trump will reinstate the  1776 Commission , which he originally created but was disbanded by Joe Biden on his first day in office, to ensure America’s children learn the truth about their country’s history and the timeless principles of liberty and equality... President Trump will  veto  any effort to weaponize or nationalize civics education. And he will create a credentialing body to certify teachers who embrace patriotic values and support the American Way of Life."

◾ How we got here: Trump created the 1776 Commission in November of 2020 as part of the backlash to the New York Times' 1619 Project, which examines the history of slavery in the U.S. That backlash also included conservatives passing "critical race theory" curriculum bans, as a key part of the erupting culture wars. The report the commission produced days before Trump left office excused America's history of slavery and undercut the legacy of the civil rights movement.

◾ In today's context: Political messaging on critical race theory and history curriculums seems to have waned in the last year. Valant said creating a new credentialing body would be politically driven, yet derails from traditional conservative values of stripping down government regulation.

Pringle also said this type of body would be politically driven, and this credentialing body could be made up of unqualified appointees.

"They don't know what our kids need, they haven't trained to be able to teach the diverse learning needs and the skills and meet kids where they are, let alone the preparation of educators," Pringle said. "So we know that anything he does has a political nature to it."

Contributing: Kayla Jimenez, Matthew Brown