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A doctorate is the pinnacle of an arts and science education. Founded in 1886, the Graduate School of Arts and Science at NYU is among the oldest schools offering doctoral programs in the United States. Today NYU’s doctoral programs span the humanities, sciences, and social sciences, and students pursue cutting-edge research with the close supervision of NYU’s internationally recognized research faculty. New York City resources complement and enhance our vibrant intellectual communities. Use the links below to explore Doctor of Philosophy and dual advanced degrees at New York University.

Ph.D. Programs Dual Degree Programs

ADMISSIONS | TUITION

Tuition and cost of attendance.

Attending graduate school for this Doctor of Education in Leadership and Innovation is an investment in yourself as a leader.

The application for the January 2025 cohort is now open. Extended deadline is September 2.

Value in every sense of the word

NYU Steinhardt’s EdD in Leadership and Innovation program is an investment in your future. You’ll benefit from a world-class education and build your network of influential leaders from around the world. 

The program’s accelerated, 24-month timeline enables you to propel change in your organization more quickly. The program is also less costly compared to other leadership programs. You’ll save time and money without any compromise to educational quality.

Tuition and registration fee comparison

Please note the total cost for future years is an estimate.

2024–2025 Academic Year

Tuition per point/credit

Registration/service fee
for 1st credit

Registration/service fee
for each additional credit

• Tuition: $17,480
• Fees: $1,376

Total: $18,856

• Tuition: $13,110

Total: $13,952

• Tuition: $13,632

Total: $14,493

2025–2026 Academic Year

2026–2027 academic year, financial aid information.

US citizens and eligible noncitizens admitted to and enrolled at least half-time (six semester credits) in a graduate program are eligible for Federal Direct Unsubsidized Loans and Federal Direct PLUS Loans that can assist in paying for school. To apply for student loans, you must be admitted to a graduate program and complete the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) (New York University, code number 002785).

Federal Direct Unsubsidized Loans of up to $20,500 may be awarded for every two consecutive semesters of enrollment to assist with educational expenses. Payment of the principal (not the interest) is deferred while the student is enrolled at least half-time (six credits).

Federal Direct PLUS Loans help pay for education expenses up to the cost of attendance minus all other financial aid received. Interest is charged during all periods. The US Department of Education will evaluate the borrower’s credit history to determine eligibility.

In order to apply for financial aid from NYU, you must complete and submit the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA). This form is available on the FAFSA website each year starting on October 1. Submit this form as soon as possible after October 1, and indicate that your data is to be sent to New York University, code number 002785. You must submit a FAFSA each year to determine and renew your financial aid. Read more about NYU financial aid packages and loans .

NYU’s Office of Financial Aid will send notifications via email for candidates accepted into the program. Apply early – applying after the deadline will delay the processing of federal aid and student loans.

We strongly encourage the use of the FAFSA Data Retrieval Tool whenever possible. The Data Retrieval Tool allows students to import their tax information into the FAFSA directly from the IRS.

For help in completing the FAFSA, call 800-4-FED-AID .

If you have questions about financial aid, please email NYU’s Financial Aid Office or call 212-998-4444 to speak with a financial aid counselor.

Some organizations will partially support the cost of your tuition, especially if you can demonstrate the value of your degree and how you will strengthen your institution. We encourage you to consider speaking with your leadership or board to determine if financial support may be available to you.

Public Service Loan Forgiveness Program (PSLF)

If you are employed by a government or not-for-profit organization, you may be able to receive loan forgiveness under the Public Service Loan Forgiveness Program.

PSLF Resources

• Public Service Loan Forgiveness Basic Information
• Public Service Loan Forgiveness Program Questions and Answers

Other Loan Forgiveness Programs

• The federal government administers additional loan cancellation or forgiveness programs for those working in social service agencies that serve communities in need .

Gain new perspectives on cross-sectoral leadership with our EdD.

Tell us about yourself.

Sharing some details will help us customize your experience.

Why We Stand Out

Deep expertise.

NYU’s online offerings are designed by the same faculty that create our in-person programs. From Occupational Therapy to Bioinformatics, K-12 Teacher Education to Corporate Valuation, NYU has the expertise to craft high-quality, highly flexible online programs.

Spanning the World

NYU is global, and our online courses and degrees are as well. Undergraduates in Shanghai and Abu Dhabi study together in a virtual classroom, students pursuing a Master's in Writing study from home with short intensives in Paris, while students pursue a Master’s in Global Health in Africa.

Professionally Focused

NYU’s professional degrees have a reputation for excellence the world over. Through our online programs, students may pursue degrees from many of our schools wherever their location.

Graduate Degrees

We are making it possible for you to earn an NYU degree or certificate and advance your careers while studying from anywhere. The opportunity to pursue an NYU degree and continue one’s professional advancement is seen as a great advantage for a wide range of students.

Undergraduate Experience

See how credit-bearing, online courses can enhance your NYU experience by letting you study abroad and still graduate on time.

Online Degrees and Certificates

Discover all that we have to offer online, whether you are joining us for a new degree from afar or taking courses to stay on track while being abroad - just like NYU Stern’s new Certificate in Coding + Visual Analytics

NYU Innovates in Online Education

NYU is a campus without borders - online courses, degrees, and certificates allow faculty, programs, and the University to reach new learners across the U.S. and around the world. Our investment in online education is expanding opportunities for successful degree completion, program growth, and educational research. Thanks to technology and innovative teaching techniques, students like you can study with us at the level of academic quality, rigor, and student engagement that are hallmarks of the NYU experience.

We are investing in diversity for our online efforts. There is no "one size fits all" approach. Because each discipline and community has their own needs, our online courses and programs take many different approaches. Each course and program is crafted by faculty at our individual schools and customized for the students who attend. Throughout the process, our educational researchers improve our courses and programs through data analytics on student engagement and new pedagogic practices. 

PHD in Public Administration

Interdisciplinary. Flexible. Powerful.

Through theoretical and methodological training, NYU Wagner's doctoral students learn how to produce insights required for effective and equitable public and nonprofit programs and policies. Our program is interdisciplinary, just like our faculty, so students can draw on economics, political science, sociology, psychology, organization studies, and other fields. What's more, it is flexible, allowing students to design a plan of study that takes advantage of the many courses offered at NYU Wagner and NYU's other graduate schools.

We encourage students to study the questions that drive them, while providing the guidance necessary to have the greatest impact. And, we emphasize research and teaching experience. Students have many opportunities to participate in research projects with individual faculty or through our affiliated research centers, as well as opportunities to lead classes as teaching colleagues and instructors.

Students interested in conducting research in these areas are encouraged to apply:

• Education policy
• Health policy
• International development
• Public finance and financial management
• Public policy
• Urban policy

The program prepares graduates for careers at academic institutions, in think tanks, research firms, and research units of public, quasi-public, and private organizations, as well as for other positions with substantial responsibilities for the supervision and administration of research.

If you have questions about the PhD program, please contact [email protected] . 

Doctoral Admissions Financial Support Request More Information

Why Should One Pursue a PhD?

Professor Brian Elbel explains the many personal and professional reasons why a PhD may be a good fit for some students and may not be a good fit for others.

OUR FACULTY

View More Faculty

Schedule for Doctoral Colloquium

Finding Dissertations

• Finding NYU Dissertations
• Finding Dissertations from Other Institutions
• International Resources

NYU Dissertations Online

All dissertations completed at NYU are indexed in the online database  Dissertations and Theses Global. Users who wish to access NYU dissertations, especially dissertations completed since 1997, would be best served by searching this database. Many (but not all) dissertations will be available in full-text.

Dissertation Search Tip:

When searching the database, you can use the Advanced Search functions to limit your results to only dissertations completed at NYU or you can leave the "institution" field blank to search dissertations completed anywhere. 

Why can't I see the full-text? 

When dissertation authors submit their work to Dissertations and Theses Global , they have the option to  embargo the full-text for up to two years from that point. Authors may choose to embargo their dissertations for several reasons, for example, if they are planning to publish the dissertation (or a version of it) as a book. There are currently no options for NYU students to access the full-text of a dissertation if the author has chosen to embargo.  In some cases, the author can extend the embargo beyond 2 years. It is estimated that approximately 50% of dissertation authors at NYU choose to embargo.

Dissertations that have been embargoed will appear with the note, " At the request of the author, this graduate work is not available to view or purchase" in the upper right-hand corner of record.

• Dissertations & Theses Global This link opens in a new window Dissertations and Theses Global contains indexes, dissertations and some theses. Full-text is available for many dissertations and theses, including those from NYU.

NYU Dissertations in Hard Copy

NYU dissertations completed before 2007 are available in both print and microform at Bobst.

Bobst Library does not keep copies of any dissertations from the following programs:

• The Medical School and the Dental School maintain separate collections of their own dissertations
• Master's theses are not kept by Bobst Library. Check with the corresponding department or school to explore whether such theses are held.

Bound copies of dissertations are held offsite and must be requested through the catalog for delivery to the library.

Call number ranges for NYU dissertations (Dissertations from Tisch and Courant are under GSAS):

• LD 3907 .E3 - School of Education
• LD 3907 .G5 - Wagner School of Public Administration
• LD 3907 .G6 - Stern School of Business
• LD 3907 .G7 - Graduate School of Arts and Science (GSAS)
• LD 3907 .S3 - School of Social Work

Dissertations published before 2008 at the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Wagner School of Public Administration, Stern School of Business, Silver School of Social Work, and Steinhardt School of Education are available on microform .

Using the Library Catalog to Find NYU Dissertations

If you already know the author or the title of the dissertation, you can search the Library Catalog with that information to locate our copy and either recall it from offsite storage or find it in the Microforms Center.

Search tip:

For those wishing to search Library Catalog for dissertations on certain subjects, perform an Advanced Search using the words "Dissertation" AND "[desired subject]."

• Search Library Catalog

Please note: NYU dissertations in the Proquest Dissertations & Global Theses database are indexed in Library Catalog regardless of whether or not they have been embargoed. Just because a dissertation record appears in the Library Catalog does not mean that it is available in full-text. 

Dissertations completed at NYU through 2007 are available on microform. Microform copies are located in the Microforms Center on LL2 of Bobst Library. These are arranged chronologically by school. Some of the older rolls of film contain more than one dissertation. These copies are each given a thesis number in chronological, alphabetical order. The thesis numbers are listed on each roll, corresponding to the cataloged location in the Library Catalog.

What are microforms?

Microforms are pieces of film that contain reproductions of magazines, journals, and other materials. Because newsprint and other types of paper often decay, microforms are used as a method of preserving content.  Microforms come in 2 formats: microfilm (on reels) and microfiche (sheets).

Where are the microforms?

Microforms are located on LL2 in the Microforms Reading Room.

Can I get help?

The Microforms Reading Room is staffed. In addition, notebooks with instructions are available.

Can I make copies?

All microform machines have printing capabilities; some machines also allow you to make PDFs.

Offsite Materials

Some of our materials are stored in an offsite facility. 

To get an item that is marked as offsite:

• Search for the item in the Library Catalog
• Click on the Title
• Click on the Availability Status/Call number link
• Click Request

Offsite materials usually arrive within 2 business days. You'll be notified once the item has arrived, and you can pick it up at the Circulation Desk.

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• URL: https://guides.nyu.edu/dissertations

Schedule a virtual meeting with an Admissions Representative Call 212-998-9800 to schedule an appointment

Dds program.

You will see, when you leave, that you are so ahead of the game in terms of clinical experience.

Mark Makiling, DDS '15, discusses how the breadth and depth of clinical experience at NYU Dentistry prepares our students for any clinical challenge — and how his service ethic influenced his career path.

We "think big" at NYU Dentistry.

The NYU College of Dentistry is the third oldest and the largest dental school in the United States, educating nearly 10 percent of our nation's dentists. Since our founding in 1865, NYU Dentistry has been preparing the next generation of healthcare leaders, pioneering research in all areas of oral/dental medicine, advancing the latest treatments, and applying breakthrough methods of care, all while serving our diverse community of patients in New York City and around the world.

Exceptional education. Vast opportunities. Unparalleled clinical experience.

Students in the Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS) degree program are immersed in an integrated education that combines an in-depth and extensive clinical practice experience with rigorous course work in the biomedical, behavioral, and clinical sciences and the social issues related to the general health and well-being of the public. This integration fosters students' understanding of dentistry and its relationship to overall health.

Our 14 Academic Societies — each with about 27 students per class year — allow students to experience smaller-group learning and mentoring while still having access to the vast resources of a large university.

The school has a real commitment to making smaller groups out of each class. … And that’s such an important thing, in the first year, to help students to really feel seen and to help them feel that they’re part of a community of learners here.

Elena Cunningham, PhD, discusses the interplay of her research with primate cognition and her teaching methods, as she aims to find the most efficient and least stressful ways for NYU Dentistry students to learn.

Students work side-by-side with world-renowned educators, clinicians, and researchers, and have many opportunities to pursue research interests. The College’s sophisticated, state-of-the-art clinical facilities are all housed on nine floors within NYU Dentistry, and students are integrated into the clinical setting early in the D1 year. This unique program is characterized by clinical rotations in the comprehensive care clinics (D1) and the specialty clinics (D2) and culminates in students gaining "initial patient care privileges" at the end of the D2 year. This program is designed to reinforce the integration between the foundational and clinical sciences, and to enhance the "doctoring" skills that are essential to a smooth transition into assuming the responsibilities inherent in being a healthcare provider.

With 300,000 patient visits each year, plus community outreach rotations built into the curriculum, our students gain competence and confidence in all aspects of the clinical practice of dentistry within the 4-year curriculum.

Support. Guidance. Mentorship.

Each DDS student is supported by a comprehensive network of students, faculty, and staff who provide one-on-one guidance for their professional development. Each Academic Society has their own Student Success Network consisting of a designated Academic Advisor, Senior Mentor, and Peer Assessment Facilitator, as well as a group of dental student Peer Mentors and Peer Tutors who work closely with students and each other to promote and support student success.

Our innovations in teaching and technology are meeting students where they are — and leveraging advances in digital media and anatomy instruction to enhance comprehension and facilitate student success.  

Curricular highlights:.

• Unlike some dental schools who do not have their own resident basic science faculty, NYU Dentistry offers a strong curriculum in the basic sciences tailored specifically to the needs of future dentists by members of the Department of Molecular Pathobiology in close collaboration with the clinical dentistry departments. This diverse group of dentists, physicians, and researchers ensure an innovative and unparalleled curriculum characterized by incorporating plastinated human specimens , a personalized learning platform, virtual reality, and digital dentistry, including robotics, into courses throughout the program.
• D3 and D4 students choose from a large selection of honors and elective courses , ranging from Dental Care for Survivors of Torture, to Honors in Special Patient Care, to Precision Medicine: Salivary Diagnostics and Genomics, among many others.
• The NYU Dentistry Center for Oral Health Policy and Management , launched in 2021, is an interdepartmental and interdisciplinary think tank that focuses on oral health policy and management. The Center houses the NYU Dentistry Dental Student Leadership Institute (DDSLI) , among several other initiatives.

We’re focused on the future. Advancing oral health. Researching new treatments & methodologies. Preparing our students to become exceptional providers and also to lead the profession — with ample opportunities to “think big.”  

Above and beyond, only at nyu do you find a community of scholars, scientists, clinicians, and researchers who contribute so significantly to the dental profession, public health, and oral health worldwide..

The initiatives featured below speak to the innovative thinking and creativity they bring to our academic community and to the public we serve.

• NYU Dentistry Oral Health Center for People with Disabilities
• NYU Oral Cancer Center
• WHO Collaborating Center for Quality-improvement, Evidence-based Dentistry at NYU Dentistry
• NYU Dentistry's Personalized Learning Platform: Leveraging Memory Science to Benefit Students' Learning and Retention
• HEED: NYU Dentistry’s Innovative Model of Dental Education
• Metro Community Health Center at NYU Dentistry

Our campus, in the city that never sleeps.

NYU College of Dentistry's campus spans three buildings along First Avenue in Manhattan — from East 24 th Street to East 26 th Street — in the heart of the NYU health sciences corridor. The clinical treatment areas of the NYU Dental Center are in the connected Schwartz and Weissman buildings, at 345 E. 24 th Street and 421 First Avenue, respectively. The NYU Interprofessional Building at 433 First Avenue houses the NYU Dentistry Student Services suite, the Learning Commons, the Department of Molecular Pathobiology, several classrooms, and casual gathering spaces. The NYU Meyers College of Nursing and the NYU Tandon Bioengineering Institute are also housed in the Interprofessional Building.

Take a virtual tour

U.S. Bachelor Equivalency

When reviewing academic records from a school outside the U.S., we assess whether the applicant has reached an academic level equivalent to a U.S. bachelor's degree. The following are some of the Diplomas and Certificates from foreign countries that can be evaluated as the equivalent of a bachelor’s degree in the United States. The list is not exhaustive and there could be other qualifications in these countries that are also equivalent to the US bachelor’s degree.

Note for degrees from India and Australia : Applicants that received degrees from institutions in India or Australia must provide an evaluation with their transcripts . Applications without a transcript evaluation for degrees from these countries will not be reviewed until an evaluation is submitted. 

Afghanistan : Bachelor, Leicanc (Bachelor, Licence) Albania : Diplômë / Bakelorë (Diploma, Bachelor) Algeria : Licence, Diplôme d’Etudes Superieures/DES (Higher Studies Diploma), Diplôme d’ingéniorat / d’ingénieur d’état / de l’Institut (Dipl.Ing.) (Diploma of Engineer, State / Institute Diploma of Engineer) Angola : Licenciado (Lic.) (Licentiate) Argentina : Bachiller / Bachillerato universitario (Bachelor), Licenciado (Lic) (Licentiate) Armenia : Bakalavri Kochum, Specialist Diploma Australia : Bachelor degree (4 year or Honours), Master’s Qualifying Year (MQY) following a 3 year Bachelor’s degree Austria : Bakkalaureus (Bachelor) Azerbaijan : Bakalavr Bahamas : Bachelor degree awarded by the University of the West Indies Bahrain : Bachelor degree Bangladesh : Bachelor degree (4 year program or more), Master of Arts/Science/Commerce Belarus : Baklavar, Specialist Diploma, Diplom o Vyshem Obrazovanii Belgium : Candidature, Baccalaureate, Licence, Diplôme d’ Etudes Supérieures Spécialisées Benin : Diplôme universitaire d’études littéraires/scientifiques, Diplôme d’études supérieures (DES) (Diploma of Advanced Studies) Bhutan : Post Graduate Diploma Bolivia : Licenciatura/Licenciado (Lic.) (Licence), Titulo profesional (Professional Title) Bosnia and Herzegovina : Diploma Visokog Obrazovanja Botswana : Bachelor degree Brazil : Bacharel / Bacharelado, Licenciado / Licenciatura (Bach., Lic.)(Bachelor’s / Licenciate) Brunei : Bachelor degree Bulgaria : Bakalavr Burkina Faso : Diplôme d’études universitaires générales (DEUG) (Diploma of GeneralUniversity Studies), Licence (Lic.) (Licence) Burma (Myanmar) : Bachelor degree (4 year or Honours) Burundi : Diplôme (Dipl.) (Diploma), Licence (Lic.) (Licence) Cambodia : Bachelor degree, Licence Cameroon : Licence, Bachelor degree following GCE Advanced Levels Carribean Countries : Caribbean Examinations Council Secondary Education Certificate (CxC)/ GCE “O” Levels Central African Republic : Diplôme supérieur de gestion (DSG) (Higher Diploma of Management), Licence (Lic) (Licence), Diplôme d’ingénieur (DiplIng) (Diploma of Engineer) Chad : Licence (Lic) (Licence) Chile : Licenciado/Licenciatura (Lic.) (Licence), Titulo profesional (Professional Title) China, People’s Republic of : Bachelor degree, (Dip) (Diploma of Graduation) Colombia : Licenciado / Licenciatura (Lic) (Licenciate) Congo, Democratic Republic of the:  Licence (Lic) (Licence), Diplôme d’études supérieures (DES) (Diploma of Higher Studies) Costa Rica : Bachiller / Bachillerato universitario (BachU) (UniversityBachelor / Baccalaureate), Licenciado / Licenciatura (Lic) (Licenciate), Titulo de (Title of) Croatia : Diploma diplomaskog studija Cuba : Licenciado / Doctorado (Lic/Doc) (Licenciate), Diplomado / Titulo profesional (Dip, Tit) (Diplomate/Professional Title) Cyprus : Bachelor’s Degree Czech Republic : Bakalar (Bachelor), Inženýr (Engineer) Denmark : Candidatus Degree Dominican Republic : Licenciado / Licenciatura (Lic) (Licentiate), Ingeniero (Ing) (Engineer) Ecuador : Licenciado (Lic) (Licentiate), Titulo profesional (Professional Title), Ingeniero (Ing) (Engineer) Egypt : Bakalourious (Bachelor) Estonia : Bakalaureusekraad, Bachelor Degree Ethiopia : Bachelor Degree Fiji : Bachelor Degree Finland : Kandidaatti/Kandidat France : Licence (Lic) (Licentiate), Certificat / Diplôme de fin d’études (Cert, Dip) (Certificate / Diploma of Competed Studies) Gabon : Licence ès lettres (LL) (Licentiate in Letters), Diplôme d’ingénieur (DI, DiplIng) (Diploma of Engineer) Ghana : West African School Certificate/ GCE “O” Levels Guinea : Baccalauréat Georgia : Bakalavris Kharishki (4 year program), Specialistis Diplomi (4-5 year program)  Germany : Bakkalaureus (Bachelor) Ghana : Bachelor Degree Greece : Bachelor Degree, Ptychion (4 year program) Guatemala : Baccalaureus (Baccalaureate), Licenciado (Lic) (Licentiate) Honduras : Bachiller universitario (University Bachelor), Licenciatura (Lic) (Licentiate), Titulo de (Title of) Hong Kong : Bachelor Degree Hungary : Egyetemi Oklevél (Ok) (University Diploma), Iceland : Kandidatsprof/Candidatus, Bachelor degree India : Bachelor Degree (4 year program) or 3 year Bachelor Degree plus 1 year Post Graduate Diploma (PGDIP) Indonesia : Sarjana Iran : Karshenasi / Lesans (Licentiate), Bachelor Degree Iraq : Bachelor Degree Ireland : Bachelor Degree Israel : Boger ravuach universita (Bachelor Degree) Italy : Laurea Ivory Coast : Licence / Licence es lettres (Lic / LL) (Licentiate / Licentiate in Letters) Japan : Gakushi Shogo (Bachelor’s Degree) Jordan : Bachelor Degree Kazakstan : Bakalavr (Bachelor), Diplom Specialista (Specialist Diploma) Kenya : Bachelor Degree Korea : Haksa (Bachelor) Kyrgyzstan : Bakalavr (Bachelor), Diplom Specialista (Specialist Diploma) Laos : Licence (Lic) (Licentiate) Latvia : Bakalaurs (Bachelor) Lebanon : Licence (Lic) (Licentiate), Bachelor Degree Lesotho : Bachelor Degree Liberia : Bachelor Degree Libya : Bachelor Degree Lithuania : Bakalaurs (Bachelor) Macedonia : Bachelor/Diplomiran Madagascar : Licence (Lic) (Licentiate), Diplôme d’ingénieur Malawi : Bachelor Degree Malaysia : Bacelor / Sarjana Muda (Bachelor) Mali : Diplôme de l’école normale supérieure (DENS) (Diploma of the HigherNormal School) , Diplôme d’ingénieur des sciences appliquées (DISA/DI) (Diploma ofEngineer of Applied Sciences) Malta : Bachelor Degree Mauritius : Bachelor Degree Mexico : Licenciado (4 year), Titulo (4 year) Moldova : Diplom inzhiner (DI) (Engineer’s Diploma) Mongolia : Diploma of Specialist, Bachelor Degree Morocco : Licence (Lic) (Licentiate) Mozambique : Licenciatura (Lic) (Licentiate) Namibia : Bachelor Degree Nepal : Bachelor Degree (4 year program), Master Degree following a 2 or 3 year bachelor Degree Netherlands : Baccalaureus (Baccalaureate), Ingenieur (Ing), Getuigschrift Hoger Beroepsonderwijs (HBO – 4 year program) New Zealand : Bachelor Degree Nicaragua : Licencia / Licenciado / Licenciatura ( (Licentiate), Arquitecto (Architect), Ingeniero (Ing) (Engineer) Niger : Licence ès … (Lic) (Licentiate in …) Nigeria : Bachelor Degree Norway : Adjunkt (Accountant), Arkitekt (Architect), Candidatus magisterii (Cand.mag.) (Candidate Master), Sykepleierske (Nurse) Oman  : Bachelor Degree Pakistan  : Bachelor degree (4 years or 3 years + 1 year of Honours), Bachelor of Engineering, Master’s degree (2 years following a 2 or 3 year bachelor degree). Panama : Licenciado (Lic) (Licenciate), Titulo profesional (Professional Title), Tecnologia (Technologist) Papua New Guinea : Bachelor Degree Paraguay : Licenciado (Lic) (Licenciate), Ingeniero (Ing) Peru : Bachiller académico, Licenciado (Lic) (Licentiate), Titulo profesional (Professional Title) Philippines : Bachelor Degree Poland : Magister (Mag) (Master) Portugal : Licenciado (Lic) (Licentiate) Qatar : Bachelor Degree Romania : Diploma de Licenta/Diploma de Inginer (minimum of 4 years) Russian Federation : Bakalavr, Specialist Diploma Rwanda : Licence (Lic) (Licentiate), Diplôme d’ingénieur / Ingéniorat (DipIng, Ing) (Engineer) Saudi Arabia : Bachelor Degree Senegal : Licence (Lic) (Licentiate), Diplôme d’ingénieur (DipIng) (Diploma of Engineer) Sierra Leone : Bachelor Degree Singapore : Bachelor Degree Slovak Republic: Bakalar, Magister (Mag) (Master) Slovenia : Diplomirani (Qualification/Graduate) Solomon Islands : Bachelor Degree Somalia : Bachelor Degree, Laurea South Africa : Baccalaureus (Baccalaureate) (Bachelor), Higher Diploma, National Higher Diploma South Korea : Senior High School Diploma Spain : Licenciado (L, Lic) (Licentiate), Arquitecto (Arq) (Architect), Ingeniero (Ing) (Engineer) Sri Lanka : Bachelor Degree, Higher National Diploma (HND) Sudan : Bachelor Degree, Advanced Diploma (AdvDip) Swaziland : Bachelor Degree Sweden : Magisterexamen, Yrkesexamen (professional exam) awarded after a minimum of 160 credit points (4 years) Switzerland : Lizentiat, Licence, Bachelor Degree (4 year program) Syria : Bachelor Degree Taiwan : Bachelor Degree Tajikistan : Bakalavr, Diploma of Specialist Tanzania : Bachelor Degree Thailand : Bachelor Degree Togo : Licence (Lic) (Licentiate) Tunisia : Licence (Lic) (Licentiate) Turkey : Lisans Diplomasi / Bachelor (Licentiate Diploma / Bachelor’s Degree) Turkmenistan :  Bakalavr  (Bachelor) Uganda : Bachelor Degree Ukraine : Dyplom Bakalavra, Dyplom Spetsialista United Arab Emirates : Bachelor degree, Licentiate United Kingdom : Bachelor Degree United Kingdom : Bachelor Degree US Virgin Islands : Bachillarato Diversificado de Ensenanza Secundaria Uzbekistan : Bakalavr, Specialist Diploma Venezuela : Licenciado (Lic) (Licentiate), Ingeniero (Ing) (Engineer) Vietnam : Cu Nhan / Bang Tôt Nghiêp Dai Hoc Licence (Lic) Bachelor (BA, BS) (Bachelor’s Degree / Licentiate / Diploma of Higher Education Graduate) Yemen : Bachelor Degree Zambia : Bachelor Degree Zimbabwe : Bachelor Degree