jekyll and hyde example essay gcse

2. The 19th Century Novel ( AQA GCSE English Literature )

Revision note, strange case of dr jekyll and mr hyde: overview.

As part of Paper 1, Section B you will study one 19th-century novel and write one essay-length answer to one set question in your paper. The question will feature an excerpt from your studied text. However, it is a closed-book exam, so you will not be able to refer to a copy of the text during the exam. This page contains some helpful information and links to more detailed revision note pages that will enable you to aim for the highest grade. This page includes:

Who was Robert Louis Stevenson?

Jekyll and Hyde summary

• A brief overview of what is required in the exam

Jekyll and Hyde characters

Jekyll and Hyde context

Jekyll and Hyde themes

Jekyll and Hyde quotes

Top tips for the highest grade

Robert Louis Stevenson was a Scottish novelist, essayist, poet and travel writer. He was born on 13th November, 1850 in Edinburgh and having been plagued by respiratory illnesses for most of his life, he died at the age of 44 on 3rd December 1894. He is best known for novels such as Treasure Island, Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde and Kidnapped.

During Stevenson’s life, Edinburgh was a city clearly split into two distinct parts: the New Town, where Stevenson lived, with its wide streets and impressive buildings, and the more decrepit Old Town, with its twisting passageways and crumbling buildings, where poverty and crime were commonplace. Although the Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (also known as just ‘Jekyll and Hyde’) is set in London, many critics believe Stevenson was referencing his home city of Edinburgh when he wrote it. Stevenson was also raised in a devoutly Christian household and the influence of religion on his writing is evident in Jekyll and Hyde. Indeed, during the Victorian period in which he wrote, there was significant anxiety about the pursuit of scientific knowledge and Stevenson explores these issues through the themes of good versus evil and science versus religion throughout his novella. For more on the ideas explored by Stevenson in the novel, please see our Jekyll and Hyde: Themes page.

Stevenson wrote Jekyll and Hyde in 1886. It is composed of 10 chapters and is set in mid-19th-century London and is a mix of gothic, science fiction and detective story. Stevenson firmly situates Jekyll and Hyde within the 19th-century gothic genre of literature and the novella employs many of its conventional features to create a disturbing and sinister atmosphere throughout. 

The narrative of the novella is largely fragmented and follows the character of Gabriel John Utterson, a lawyer and friend of Dr Henry Jekyll, who becomes increasingly concerned by his friend’s erratic behaviour and by his connection to the mysterious Mr Hyde. After the death of Sir Danvers Carew, Utterson becomes compelled to discover the mysterious connection between the two seemingly separate characters to discover the hideous truth that Jekyll and Hyde are in fact the same person. For a more detailed summary, please see the Jekyll and Hyde: Plot Summary page.

How is Jekyll and Hyde assessed in the exam?

• Your GCSE Paper 1 requires you to answer two questions in 1hr 45min. That means you have approximately 52 minutes to plan, write and check your Jekyll and Hyde essay
• Paper 1 is worth 64 marks and accounts for 40% of your overall GCSE grade
• The Jekyll and Hyde essay is worth 30 marks in total
• Section B of Paper 1 contains the Jekyll and Hyde question and you are required to answer the one available question on the novella
• Your question will also include a printed extract of about 35 lines from the novella
• It is a closed-book exam, which means you will not have access to a copy of the text (other than the printed extract) in your exam
• You will be asked a question that asks you to analyse and write in detail about an aspect of Jekyll and Hyde
• Your answer will need to address both the extract from the novella that you will be given, and the novella as a whole

For a much more detailed guide on answering the Jekyll and Hyde question, please see our revision notes on How to Answer the 19th-Century Novel Essay Question.

Understanding that characters are frequently used symbolically to represent ideas is crucial, as you must consider the variety of techniques that Stevenson uses to establish the characters in Jekyll and Hyde.

The characters you should focus on when revising Jekyll and Hyde are:

• Dr Henry Jekyll
• Mr Edward Hyde
• Mr Gabriel John Utterson
• Dr Hastie Lanyon

There are also other minor characters in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde who contribute to the narrative in important ways and therefore it is important to understand their roles as well. This means you should also consider Mr Enfield, Sir Danvers Carew and Mr Poole.

It is important to consider things such as: how characters are established and presented; what their physical appearance or actions reveal about them; their relationship with other characters and how far they conform to or subvert stereotypes. For more details on how Stevenson uses his characters in Jekyll and Hyde, please see the Jekyll and Hyde: Characters revision notes page.

There are a maximum of six marks available in the 19th-century novel question for context. It is important that you understand what context means as examiners understand context not as historical information, or biographical facts about a writer, but as the ideas and perspectives explored by a writer through their text. Therefore, for the context of Jekyll and Hyde you should not write about random, irrelevant information about London in the 1880s, or biographical information about Stevenson, but ideas about:

• Good and Evil
• Secrecy and Reputation
• Science and Religion

As many of these concepts are universal, your individual perspectives on them are valid and will be rewarded in the exam. For a detailed breakdown of the contextual topics listed above, see the Jekyll and Hyde Context page.

Understanding the themes that Stevenson explores in Jekyll and Hyde is one of the best approaches you can take when revising the novella. The main themes explored by Stevenson in Jekyll and Hyde are:

Of course, Stevenson explores many other themes in Jekyll and Hyde besides the ones listed above, and you are encouraged to explore these as well. Detailed breakdowns of each of the above themes can be found on our Jekyll and Hyde Themes page.

You should be able to use textual references, including quotations, according to the assessment criteria. This means that summarising, paraphrasing, citing individual phrases, and referencing  narrative plot points are all acceptable ways to show that you understand the novella. It's crucial to keep in mind that you can demonstrate your understanding of the text in two equally acceptable ways: through reference to it as well as via direct quotations.

In order to select references successfully, it is extremely important that you know the novella itself well so that you can accurately recall the order of events in the plot in order to make appropriate connections. This detailed chapter-by-chapter breakdown of the plot will help you to revise the chronology of Jekyll and Hyde.

It may also be helpful to revise some quotations from the novella that can potentially be useful for your exam. For an analysis of some of these quotations, see our Jekyll and Hyde: Key Quotations page.

Please see our revision pages on the modern texts exam for guides on:

• Structuring your Jekyll and Hyde essay
• Jekyll and Hyde methods and techniques
• How to include context in a Jekyll and Hyde essay
• Understanding the Jekyll and Hyde mark scheme
• 19th-century novel model answer

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Notes || Exam Prep || Character Profiles || Themes || Additional Reading & Videos

This topic is included in  Paper 2 . You can find notes and guides for it below.

• Overview and Key Scenes
• Glossary of Definitions
• Flashcards of Definitions
• How to plan and write a top mark essay
• Question Bank - Character
• Question Bank - Plot
• Question Bank - Setting
• Question Bank - Themes

Additional Reading & Videos:

• The strange double life of Robert Louis Stevenson
• Law, Science, Facts and Morals in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde
• The Beast Within
• A Study in Dualism: The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde
• Duality in Stevenson’s Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde
• The effect of Charles Darwin on Victorian literature
• Sigmund Freud and the Psyche

Character Profiles

• Mr Utterson
• Appearance vs Reality
• Secrecy & Reputation
• The Gothic & Supernatural

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Home — Essay Samples — Literature — Books — The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde

Essays on The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde

What makes a good the strange case of dr. jekyll and mr. hyde essay topics.

When it comes to writing an essay on The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde , choosing the right topic is crucial. A good essay topic should be thought-provoking, unique, and analytical. It should also allow for in-depth exploration of the themes, characters, and symbolism in the novel. To brainstorm and choose an essay topic, start by considering the themes and motifs present in the book. Think about the duality of human nature, the concept of good and evil, and the consequences of scientific experimentation. Consider the characters and their motivations, as well as the setting and its significance. A good essay topic should also allow for critical analysis and interpretation, so look for topics that are open to interpretation and analysis.

When choosing a topic, consider What Makes a Good essay topic. A good topic should be specific and focused, allowing for a deep exploration of the subject matter. It should also be relevant and timely, addressing current issues and concerns. Additionally, a good essay topic should be original and unique, offering a fresh perspective on the novel. Finally, a good topic should be interesting and engaging, both for the writer and the reader. By considering these factors, you can brainstorm and choose an essay topic that is both compelling and intellectually stimulating.

Best The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Essay Topics

• The duality of human nature in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde
• The motif of secrecy and concealment in the novel
• The consequences of scientific experimentation in the Victorian era
• The significance of the setting in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde
• The representation of good and evil in the novel
• The theme of addiction and self-destruction in the novel
• The role of women in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde
• The symbolism of the potion in the novel
• The theme of transformation and identity in the novel
• The portrayal of mental illness in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde
• The impact of social class on the characters in the novel
• The motif of repression and liberation in the novel
• The concept of morality and ethics in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde
• The theme of control and power in the novel
• The significance of the title in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde
• The representation of masculinity in the novel
• The motif of duality in the character of Mr. Hyde
• The theme of guilt and remorse in the novel
• The portrayal of violence and aggression in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde
• The significance of the ending in the novel

The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde essay topics Prompts

• Imagine you are Dr. Jekyll and write a journal entry detailing the moments before you first transform into Mr. Hyde.
• Write a character analysis of Mr. Hyde, exploring his motivations and actions throughout the novel.
• Compare and contrast the characters of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, examining their similarities and differences.
• Analyze the role of the setting in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde , focusing on its significance to the plot and themes of the novel.
• Create an alternate ending for the novel, exploring how the story would have unfolded if certain events had transpired differently.

When it comes to choosing The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde essay topics, it's important to consider the themes, characters, and symbolism present in the novel. By brainstorming and selecting a topic that is specific, relevant, and original, you can create an essay that is engaging and thought-provoking. Whether you choose to explore the duality of human nature, analyze the characters, or examine the role of the setting, there are plenty of creative and compelling topics to choose from when writing about The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde .

Analysis of Jekyll and Hyde Duality in Stevenson's Novel

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The Duality of Human Nature in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde

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A Review of The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde

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5 January 1886, Robert Louis Stevenson

Novella; Psychological Thriller, Drama, Horror, Mystery, Gothic, Science Fiction

Gabriel John Utterson, Dr. Henry Jekyll/Mr. Edward Hyde, Richard Enfield, Dr. Hastie Lanyon, Mr. Poole, Inspector Newcomen, Sir Danvers Carew, MP, Maid

1. Stevenson, R. L. (2012). The strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde-with other short stories by Robert Louis Stevenson (Fantasy and Horror Classics). https://www.scribd.com/book/377905117/Strange-Case-of-Dr-Jekyll-and-Mr-Hyde-Other-Stories Read Books Ltd. 2. Clunas, A. (1994). Comely External Utterance: Reading Space in" The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde". The Journal of Narrative Technique, 24(3), 173-189. (https://www.jstor.org/stable/30225414) 3. Mills, K. (2004). The Stain on the Mirror: Pauline Reflections in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Christianity & Literature, 53(3), 337-348. (https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/014833310405300303) 4. Goh, R. B. (1999). Textual Hyde and Seek:" Gentility," Narrative Play and Proscription in Stevenson's Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. Journal of Narrative Theory, 29(2), 158-183. (https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/38/article/375823/summary) 5. Buzwell, G. (2014). Man is not truly one, but truly two’: duality in Robert Louis Stevenson’s Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. The British Library. (https://www.bl.uk/romantics-and-victorians/articles/duality-in-robert-louis-stevensons-strange-case-of-dr-jekyll-and-mr-hyde) 6. Maynard, K. K. (2000). The Perils and Pleasures of Professionalism in Stevenson's Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and Doyle's A Study in Scarlet and Other Fictions. The European Legacy, 5(3), 365-384. (https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/713665493?journalCode=cele20) 7. Dury, R. (2005). Strange Language of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. https://www.academia.edu/11373763/Strange_Language_of_Dr_Jekyll_and_Mr_Hyde_Journal_of_Stevenson_Studies_2_2005_33_50  Journal of Stevenson Studies, 2, 33-50. 8. Stevenson, R. L., & Glasser, B. (2018). Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. In Medicine and Literature (pp. 105-118). CRC Press. (https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.1201/9781315375670-8/strange-case-dr-jekyll-mr-hyde-robert-louis-stevenson-brian-glasser)

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Jekyll and hyde sample essay.

Starting with this extract (start of chapter 4), how does Stevenson present moments of horror in Jekyll and Hyde?

At the beginning of the extract, taken from the ‘Last Night’ Hyde is lurking in the cabinet in a hope he will not be found by Poole and Utterson. Stevenson describes how “a dismal screech as of mere animal terror” rang through the cabinet as Hyde can hear the two men breaking in. The verb “screech” conveys the fear of Hyde as he is about to be discovered in the cabinet and the comparison of the “screech” to an “animal” may horrify the reader as it reinforces that Hyde is animalistic and inhuman, which builds tension as the reader ponders what Hyde may have unleashed inside the cabinet. Moreover the “animal terror” reinforces the vulnerability of Hyde and may create a sense of horror in the reader as they feel sympathy for the masked Hyde who is being compared to a vulnerable animal. A Victorian reader may also feel revolted that the respectable Jekyll is hiding Hyde, who is being hunted for the murder of Sir Danvers Carew as Jekyll is supposed to be a respectable doctor and Stevenson is suggesting that gentlemen in this era have two sides: a public and a private side hidden from society. This may link to Freud’s theory of personality that our ‘id,’ is animalistic and is caged by society yet still lurks within.

In the extract Stevenson also presents the discovery of Hyde’s body as a horrific moment as he describes Hyde’s body as “sorely contorted and still twitching.” The adjective “contorted” suggests that the suicide has been painful and that Hyde’s body has been distorted out of its usual shape. It may also suggest a struggle between Jekyll and Hyde as Hyde over powers Jekyll and commits suicide, killing them both. The verb “twitching” suggests that Jekyll is still partially alive and creates a grotesque image of Hyde’s body still having “some semblance of life.”   This may provoke disgust and revulsion in the reader as Hyde’s body is presented as slowly perishing in a painful fashion. Stevenson successfully conveys the horror of the discovery of Hyde’s body and conveys Hyde’s death as painful and revolting. We are also told that Hyde’s body is the body of a “self-destroyer” which would further shock the Victorian reader as suicide is considered a sin by Christians and they would therefore believe Hyde would be condemned to hell for all of his sinful actions.

Furthermore, Hyde is described as “wearing clothes far too large for him” and he suggests the clothes were “of the doctor’s bigness.” The juxtaposition between “the face of Edward Hyde” and his wearing Jekyll’s clothes foreshadows the discovery in Chapter 9 that they are the same person. Some readers in this chapter may therefore realise that they are the same person which would create a feeling of horror in the reader as we have previously witnessed Hyde killing Carew with “ape-like fury” in chapter 4 and now realise that Jekyll knew and therefore is partially responsible. The Victorian reader would feel a sense of shock that the once respectable Dr Jekyll is in fact Hyde, and would feel revulsion he is capable of murder. This would be particularly unsettling to a Victorian reader who would most likely believe that humans were created by God so this presentation of Jekyll’s dual nature would leave them concerned and confused. Stevenson uses moments of horror to provoke a sense of fear and outrage in the reader, but also to perhaps highlight how civilisation cages the beast within us all.

Stevenson establishes scenes to create horror throughout the novella as a whole. This can be seen in ‘The Story of the Door’ when Hyde ‘trampled calmly over the child’s body and left her screaming.’ The juxtaposition between the verb ‘trampled’ and the adverb ‘calmly’ aids in conveying a sense of horror. Not only is Hyde able to commit this revolting and violent act, but he is able to do it in a ‘calm’ manner. This lack of remorse and repentance would have been especially disturbing to a Victorian readership – adhering to strict moral guidelines, they would have been repulsed and horrified by Hyde’s lack of morality. Furthermore, the girl was left ‘screaming’. This verb only adds to the horror of the incident as it allows the readers to understand the brutality of the act. The readers would therefore be horrified by the cruelty of the actions of Hyde and appalled by his lack of penitence.

Moreover, later in the novella Hyde kills Sir Danvers Carew with ‘ape-like fury’. Carew is described as a ‘beautiful’ man with ‘white’ hair who ‘bowed’ to Hyde. This gives the readers the idea that Carew is an innocent and reputable member of Victorian society. Hyde treats this man with callousness and disdain breaking out into ‘a great flame of anger’. The use of this metaphor implies that Hyde is a mercurial character whose actions are unexpected and frightening. Additionally, Hyde is compared to an ‘ape’. A Victorian readership would have been shocked by this comparison as Darwin had just published his Theory of Evolution stating that men evolved from primitive life forms. Within this, Darwin also acknowledged that people could revert to a more animalistic state. Therefore the comparison of Hyde to a more ‘troglodytic’ life form seems to imply that devolution was a sincere possibility, further instilling a sense of horror into the readers. The contrast between Hyde’s treatment of Carew and Carew’s personal characteristics seem to heighten the horror of the passage and leave the readers feeling shaken by this unprompted outburst.

Finally, Hyde’s transformation into Dr Jekyll in Dr Lanyon’s Narrative, is described in a horrifying manner. Hyde’s features become ‘suddenly black’ and his features ‘melt and alter’. The adjective ‘black’ evokes ideas of evil and darkness and creates a sense of foreboding. The verb ‘melt’ conjures a disturbing image in the readers’ minds – the physical deformity that Hyde is always described with worsens and further distorts, creating a petrifying image. The transformation causes Lanyon’s ‘mind’ to be ‘submerged in terror’. This metaphor could imply that Lanyon is drowning in fear from the horror of what he has just seen. This transformation causes Lanyon’s death from ‘shock’ and the readers are also horrified by what they have witnessed.

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GCSE Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Level 9 Exemplar Essay Secrecy and the Unknown

Subject: English

Age range: 14-16

Resource type: Assessment and revision

Last updated

1 August 2023

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This useful resource is an example of an exemplar essay. 1275 words in total. This essay achieved 28/30 giving it a Level 9. This was written for AQA but would easy adapt to any other exam boards. Aimed at GCSE students studying Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde

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GCSE Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Level 9 Revision Resources and Exemplar Essays

This useful bundle contains 4 exemplar essays, a bundle of revision resources and in-depth chapter summaries. This was written for AQA but would easy adapt to any other exam boards. Aimed at GCSE students studying Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde.

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Great essay and helpful to use an example for students as it ticks all the AO boxes, particularly 'an informed personal response'. Thank you!

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Jekyll and Hyde essay plans based on themes

• Created by: Sadiyahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahaha
• Created on: 23-03-19 17:00

✓ Scientific Development (Duality, Curiosity)

SETTING: Jekyll’s house has a lab connected to it

“Dingy windowless structure”

“Old dissection room”

IDEA: The idea that Jekyll’s science is ridiculous

Lanyon’s dismissal of Jekyll’s Science “ such unscientific balderdash” “i wish to see or hear no more of Dr Jekyll (...) whom i regard as dead”

Lanyon dies from the horrors of Jekyll’s science in chapter 6 as he “had his death warrant written legibly upon his face” and in “less than a fortnight he was dead” after his mind was “submerged in terror” after witnessing the transformation of Hyde into Jekyll

EVENT: Lanyon is skeptical of the chemicals in Jekyll’s room and frightened by the transformation

“I loaded an old revolver (...) for self defense”

“Sprung” to his feet

“Leaped” back against a wall

“Arms raised to shield” himself

His “Mind submerged in terror”

Lanyon is left in the distressed state of some feeble animal

SETTING; Jekyll was clearly up to some sort of experiment by the state of his room and belongings

Powders that were of “Jekyll’s private manufacturer”

A “pungent” “phial” filled with “blood red liquor”

In a ‘diary’ of Jekyll’s with “several hundred entries” the phrases “double” and “total failure!!!” were repeated throughout

IDEA: Jekyll represents the outcast of society as he was experimenting with science to please his duality and to contribute to helping society to enquire against religious restrictions

His “scientific discoveries” and beliefs were that “man is not truly one, but truly two”

Despite having “risked death” and suffered “racking pangs” he was determined for his two sides to be “housed in separate identities”

Despite feeling “younger, lighter, happier” he knew that he had failed as his new self had not an “innocent freedom of the soul” as he had just created a man “tenfold more wicked” as he describes he “sold a slave to my original self”

✓ Duality (Science, Repression, Appearance, Curiosity, Secrecy, Deceit, Violence)

SETTING; duality of Jekyll’s house and Hyde’s house

The back of Jekyll’s house reflects the Hyde that he hides. It is described as a ‘dingy windowless structure’ with a ‘blistered’ door that promoted ‘sordid negligence’ . This reflects hyde as being odd and out of place. The cabinet is described as ‘gaunt’

The front of jekyll's house represents the ‘Jekyll’ that he shows to society. It has a ‘great air of wealth and comfort’ being one of the most ‘pleasantest rooms’ in London’. This shows Jekyll’s personality and being welcoming. The fact that it has a great deal of ‘wealth’ shows Jekyll's position in society.

Hyde lives in Soho which is described as being poor with ‘many ragged children’ with being in a ‘dingy’ street. We associate hyde's personality as being dark, however his ‘furnished with luxury and good taste’ rooms juxtaposes the area he lives in and comes as quite a shock to us as the reader, which instantly causes skeptical about how he was able to afford all this wealth.

IDEA,EVENTS; Jekyll plans to separate his …

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• The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Jekyll and Hyde

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