artificial intelligence merits and demerits essay

Artificial Intelligence Advantages and Disadvantages Essay

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History of Artificial Intelligence

Current ai uses, future of ai, artificial intelligence opinion piece, works cited.

A defining characteristic of the last century has been the numerous significant technological advancements made. Most of these advances were facilitated by the invention of the computer, making computer science a critical discipline in modern times. One fascinating and promising branch of computer science is Artificial Intelligence (AI).

This is an interdisciplinary branch of the science that borrows from a wide range of fields including cognitive psychology, engineering, mathematics, linguistics, and philosophy. The field aims at exploring and developing ways in which computer systems can be made to act in a manner that human beings recognize as “intelligent”.

The term “artificial intelligence” was coined in 1956 following concerted interest by scientists from various backgrounds on symbolic processing and computer simulation of human behavior (Palmer 2). While AI as a discipline began in the mid-1950s, its foundations were laid earlier on by a number of prominent British scientists. The 19th century British mathematician Charles Babbage formulated the first computing engine, which served as the precursor of the modern digital computer.

The 19th century Mathematician-logician George Boole invented Boolean algebra, which was used in the operation of digital computer. Last and most important was the British logician-mathematician, Alan Turin, who proposed computer programs based upon logical operators. The proposed machines were capable of interacting and manipulating symbols that included natural language. Palmer reveals that from Turin’s idea or a universal programmable computer, the ideal of AI arose (2).

The initial goals of AI researchers were very ambitious. In the early years of the field, AI scientists sort to fully duplicate the human capacities of thought and language on the digital computer (Palmer 2). Some of the researchers involved in AI projects went so far as to claim that a complete theory of intelligence would be achieved by the late 1960s.

As it turned out, the AI programs did not achieve the momentous results promised. The initial efforts led to the successful design of programs that could prove theorems in symbolic logic. However, the projects failed to succeed in automatic language translation leading to a loss of funding to expert systems, which did not attempt to explain human intelligence but had great practical applications.

There was a regeneration of interest in AI over the 1970s and 1980s as researchers in the US and Europe engaged in expansive studies exploring intuitions about intelligence (Geffner 45). During this period, computer scientists had reduced the ambitions of AI to theories of more modest scope. The quest for certainty and truth had been abandoned for “micro-truths” that can be obtained though common sense introspection.

As opposed to the past where AI research was concentrated on understanding the nature of intelligence, greater emphasis was given to practical application (Palmer 2). The 21st century has witnessed great advances in AI with systems being developed for practical applications.

The past two decades have witnessed an increase in the number of practical AI uses. One area where AI is used with increasing frequency is speech recognition. Computer systems are programmed to understand human natural language and respond to it. Speech recognition is difficult to achieve since human speech is impeded by many factors including accents, slang words, and background noise. As such, computer systems have to have some level of intelligence in order to correctly recognize human voice.

Speech recognition programs have to be trained to understand the particular speech pattern of a user (Geffner 46). After the training, the program can be used for a wide array of practical uses. It can be used to give voice commands to smart vehicles. Smart phones also utilize speech recognition to write text messages or initialize phone calls.

AI has also been used in the creation of intelligent robots that perform a number of tasks. Typical robots, such as those ones used in vehicle assembly are not intelligent in that they are programmed to perform specific tasks in a repetitive manner. AI technology used to make a robot includes artificial neural network, knowledge based system and all possible decision making systems (Bongard 75).

As a result of this, the intelligent robots can adjust to the natural environment and learn from mistakes. These robots have been used for the exploration of unknown environment including distant planets. Using AI, the robot is able to utilize the input from its many different sensors to adapt to the conditions.

The medical field employs AI in medical diagnosis. By use of artificial neural networks, medical professionals are aided in their decision making process. In addition to this, AI helps in the interpretation of medical images and can accurately detect conditions such as tumors (Bongard 80). A knowledge based system that has captured and embedded explicitly human knowledge can be used to suggest treatment options for patients. AI reduces the risk of wrong prescriptions by a physician.

Artificial intelligence is employed in the development of accounting systems. Specifically, AI has been exploited in auditing, taxation, and decision making support. Moudud reveals that neural networks, genetic algorithms, and knowledge-based systems are being used to detect fraud and perform risk analysis (10). By going though vast amounts of data, AI systems are able to identify patterns and therefore highlight irregularities. AI systems have also been used for bankruptcy prediction. Moudud explains that intelligent techniques are used to develop models capable of predicting business failure cases (16).

Artificial intelligence is also used to access the safety of bridges. The structural integrity of bridges is important since their collapse might be disastrous. Shuster explains that by using neural network computing, engineers are able to compare the properties of cracks in beams with the stiffness and thereby compute a health index (40). By using AI, the objectivity of bridge health assessment is assured since the computer does not suffer from the bias that an inspector might have.

While AI has greatly advanced since it was first conceived in the 1950s, the field has not achieved the goal of creating machines that can solve problems independently like humans and learn and improve from each encounter (Bongard 74). However, researchers predict some significant breakthroughs in AI in the future.

Advances are being made to improve the speech recognition abilities of machines. With technological advances, intelligent machines are predicted to not only be able to recognize and communicate fluently in natural language but also detect emotions and respond to them (Bongard 76). Emotion detection and emulation will be a great advancement in AI since it closely mimics human behavior.

AI researchers are working on creating systems that not only analyze vast amounts of data and come up with “intelligent” solutions, but systems that can come up with ideas. Such systems would be able to mimic human intelligence through their perceptiveness (Geffner 45). In addition to this, there are projects aimed at creating machines that have some level of self-awareness in the same way that humans do. While these projects are still in their infancy, it is hoped that as huge technological advances are made, there will be sufficient processing power available to achieve such goals.

In terms of uses, there are many possible applications of AI in the future. Researchers are already working on intelligent power grids. These smart power grids will utilize neural networks to have electricity flowing in both directions (Geffner 50). The grid will be able to adjust electricity distribution dynamically in response to the changing demand in the various areas. The military is also exploring ways in which it can exploit AI in combat. Specifically, there are plans for introducing soldier robots that will be able to carry out fighting tasks currently undertaken by human beings. The AI fighting machines will be able to react to situations in the battlefield in the same way that humans do (Geffner 49). These machines will be able to discriminate between enemy combatants and innocent civilians. These machines will increase the efficiency of a country’s military force while reducing human casualty.

The field of AI has not advanced in the manner that its pioneers envisioned it would. Even so, Artificial Intelligence has exhibited growth and it has contributed in many of the technological advances made today. The future promises to bring even more engaging innovations in this field. Some AI researchers are hopeful that by 2050, systems that possess self awareness and are capable of producing independent thoughts will have been created. If this is achieved, Allan Turin’s vision of Artificial Intelligence will have been realized.

Artificial Intelligence is one of the fields where there exist differences in opinions about the overall benefits of the disciple to mankind. The negative views on AI stem from the supposed dangers that intelligent machines might present to man. Opponent of AI predict that as the field is advanced, self aware machines that can rise against man will be created. In the present, the opponents point out that AI is creating a condition where machines take over more jobs that could otherwise be performed by people. However, a careful look at the advances and applications of AI over the last few decades suggests that this field is making a positive contribution to human life.

Modern discoveries in remote regions including outer space have been greatly aided by AI. Using these systems, scientists have been able to discover unexplored places including the planet Mars. AI machines used for exploration are made such that they can endure hostile physical environments (Chatfield par 3). Their intelligence makes it possible for them to adapt to the real conditions in their environment and achieve the set scientific objectives.

Since there is no risk of harm to humans when using intelligent machines, scientists have been able to engage in the exploration of dangerous lands. Without AI, it would be impossible for exploration into distant or dangerous regions to be made since such activities would involve great risk to human life.

AI increases the efficiency with which work is performed. Whether intelligent machines are used independently or to assist humans, they result in added speed and accuracy of performing tasks (Moshe 5). For example, application of AI systems in the medical field can reduce unnecessary testing by predicting the impact that a medical test will have in the eventual decision making of the physician (Cismondi 345). The risk of error is also decreased since AI machines can have a knowledge base that will be utilized to highlight errors.

Intelligent machines can perform better in activities that require decision making since they are not prone to bias. Once the machine learns how to perform a task, it can be expect to keep performing consistently without error. The machine will always make the rational decision since its judgment is not clouded (Moshe 5). The lack of emotion also means that AI systems can be relied upon to think logically at all times. Objectivity is therefore ensured when AI systems are employed.

AI has contributed to the high rate of technological advances currently being enjoyed. AI machines have been used to make many computer models that have been used for various innovative purposes (Tseng 465). The high degree of accuracy and the speed with which this modeling has occurred has speeded up the making of technological and scientific discoveries. It can be expected that as more AI systems are implemented, these technological growth rate will increase thereby benefiting humankind even more.

The human civilization is enjoying many benefits because of AI. These advantages have led to increased interest in advancing the field. At the present, AI is considered to be in its infancy stage and it is expected that as the field advances, many more applications of these systems will be developed. These developments will be harnessed to benefit.

Chatfield, Tom. Artificial intelligence: The machines with alien minds. 2013.

Cismondi, Federico. “Reducing unnecessary lab testing in the ICU with artificial intelligence.” International Journal of Medical Informatics 82.5 (2013): 345-358.

Moshe, Vardi. Artificial Intelligence: Past and Future . Communications of the ACM 55.1 (2012)5-6.

Tseng, Chun. “Patent analysis for technology development of artificial intelligence: A country-level comparative study.” Innovation: Management, Policy & Practice 15.4 (2013): 463–475. Print.

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Essay on Artificial Intelligence Pros and Cons

Students are often asked to write an essay on Artificial Intelligence Pros and Cons in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Artificial Intelligence Pros and Cons

Introduction.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a fast-growing technology. It’s about creating machines that think and learn like humans. But, like everything, AI has its pros and cons.

AI is smart and fast. It can handle tasks that take humans a long time. It can work 24/7 without getting tired. AI can also learn from its mistakes, improving over time.

However, AI also has downsides. It can take jobs from people. It might make mistakes that humans wouldn’t. And, if it’s not used correctly, AI can be a threat to privacy.

In conclusion, AI is a powerful tool. It has many benefits but also challenges. As we continue to develop and use AI, we must be mindful of its impact.

250 Words Essay on Artificial Intelligence Pros and Cons

Pros of artificial intelligence.

AI contributes enormously to efficiency and productivity. Automated systems can perform repetitive tasks, freeing up human time for more complex problem-solving activities. AI can also process vast amounts of data far more quickly than a human, leading to faster decision-making.

AI has the potential to revolutionize healthcare through improved diagnostics and personalized medicine. In education, AI can provide personalized learning paths, enhancing the learning experience.

Cons of Artificial Intelligence

Despite these advantages, AI also has significant drawbacks. One of the main concerns is job displacement. With AI capable of automating many tasks, there is a fear that people will be pushed out of jobs.

Another concern is the ethical implications of AI. There are fears about privacy invasion and misuse of personal data. Additionally, the decision-making process of AI is often opaque, leading to concerns about accountability and bias.

In conclusion, while AI has the potential to greatly improve efficiency and productivity, it also raises important ethical and societal concerns. As we continue to develop and integrate AI into our society, it is crucial that we consider these issues and work towards solutions that balance the benefits and drawbacks of this powerful technology.

500 Words Essay on Artificial Intelligence Pros and Cons

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a rapidly evolving field of technology with the potential to drastically alter societies, economies, and environments. It involves the creation of intelligent machines that can simulate human intelligence processes. While AI holds immense promise, it also presents several challenges. This essay will explore the pros and cons of AI.

The Pros of Artificial Intelligence

AI has numerous advantages that make it a valuable asset in various sectors.

Efficiency and Productivity

AI systems can perform tasks with greater speed and accuracy than humans, thereby increasing efficiency and productivity. They can process vast amounts of data, make complex calculations, and execute tasks tirelessly, which makes them ideal for fields like finance, healthcare, and manufacturing.

Automation and Economic Growth

AI-powered automation can lead to significant economic growth by reducing labor costs and improving productivity. Automated systems can function round the clock without experiencing fatigue or requiring breaks, thereby boosting overall output.

Enhanced Decision Making

The cons of artificial intelligence.

Despite its advantages, AI also has potential downsides that warrant careful consideration.

Job Displacement

Security and privacy concerns.

AI systems are vulnerable to cyber-attacks which can lead to data breaches. Moreover, the use of AI in surveillance and data analysis can infringe upon privacy rights, raising ethical concerns.

Lack of Emotional Intelligence

AI lacks emotional intelligence. It can’t understand human emotions or social cues, which limits its effectiveness in jobs requiring emotional sensitivity or complex human interaction.

Artificial Intelligence presents a paradox of immense potential and significant challenges. Its ability to enhance efficiency and productivity, automate tasks, and improve decision-making is counterbalanced by potential job displacement, security and privacy concerns, and the lack of emotional intelligence. As we continue to develop and integrate AI into our lives, it’s crucial to address these issues to ensure that the benefits outweigh the disadvantages. The future of AI should be shaped by a balanced approach that considers both its pros and cons.

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Artificial Intelligence Pros and Cons: Essay Sample

Artificial intelligence pros and cons: essay introduction, artificial intelligence pros and cons essay: background information, artificial intelligence pros and cons essay: discussion, artificial intelligence pros and cons: essay conclusion, works cited.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a machine’s ability to demonstrate intelligence comparable to that of humans. The AI algorithms are developed for a specific task, implying that a device can scan its environment and perform actions to achieve a set goal. The use of artificial intelligence suggests both improvements in various domains of human activity, such as medicine or manufacturing, and dangers connected to the loss of jobs and unknown implications of AI’s advancement.

AI is a technology that was first introduced in 1956 and has overcome several transformations over the years, including skepticism towards its capabilities and lack of appropriate hardware to support AI’s work. The current stage of AI’s development is innovation, meaning that different AI algorithms are being introduced to the market. Jennings states, “today, you will find AIs in factories, schools, hospital banks, police stations” (1). Learning from the given information or the environment and solving problems are the two critical characteristics of AI. With AI’s rapid development and improvement, many aspects of people’s lives are at stake, including millions of jobs and how individuals receive healthcare or education services.

Since AI can be applied in different settings, the stakeholders of this technology are all people. The main conversation surrounding the increasing popularity of AI is the safety and reliability of the algorithms. Another aspect is the impact of AI’s use on employment prospects in many industries, including logistics and manufacturing. The positive effect of AI that some sources cite is connected to the superiority of its problem-solving and the ability to analyze. AI can produce better analysis and lower costs associated with manufacturing. Makridakis states that AI will help companies make better decisions based on data analysis, creating an additional competitive advantage (46). Hence, AI will help reduce costs and make more efficient decisions based on the algorithms’ analysis.

The financials available to companies because of improved efficiency will be invested in further development, which will lead to the introduction of better products and services. Jennings states that AI has already allowed many companies, specifically auto manufacturers, to minimize the number of people engaged in production by applying this innovative technology (2). Another example is Amazon Go, a fully autonomous grocery store in Seattle that does not have cashiers or sales representatives. Moreover, AI is used in medicine to analyze photographs, detect skin cancer, or help medical professionals diagnose conditions (Jenkins 2).

It improves healthcare quality since people receive a better diagnosis more quickly. Wilson et al. argue that although AI already disrupts the workforce, it will create a substantial amount of jobs because the machinery will require maintenance and programming (14). The authors argue that newly created positions will require people to work with AI to produce better results for their companies.

The arguments supporting AI and its implementation in different domains highlight the positive impact that it will have on companies and people. These sources provide information connected to AI prospects, meaning that they focus on how the benefits will outweigh the negative impact. These stakeholders choose this approach because AI will disrupt many aspects of people’s lives, most notably by eliminating millions of jobs. Hence, by focusing on the jobs created due to AI to maintain and support the technology and other positive outcomes, these stakeholders can highlight the need to address the immediate issues that will arise soon, such as work shortage.

While currently, AI can perform varied tasks, and this technology will continue to evolve as new computers and other advanced hardware are introduced to the market. In his interview with Bill Gates, Holley discusses the potential dangers of AI and the destruction that it can cause if not managed properly. Gates states that the technology industry will undergo rapid development and progress in the following thirty years, making accurate vision and speech recognition with AI possible.

Holley references the opinion of scientist Stephen Hawking, who stated that AI could end the human race. Other well-known technology experts and entrepreneurs, for instance, Elon Musk, voiced a similar opinion. The latter stated that people should be “very careful about artificial intelligence” (Holey). The main argument is that it is unclear how AI will develop in the future and what capabilities it will have.

If AI surpasses humans’ ability to think and solve tasks, how it will interact with people is unclear. The popular argument against AI is that they are presented as warnings. Technology specialists choose this approach to discuss their opinion on AI because it is rapidly developing, and no governmental or international regulations are present. This reasoning is most evident in Elon Musk’s commentary on AI, in which he states that regulatory oversight should be introduced to contain and oversee the development of AI.

The previous paragraph focused on stakeholders’ opinions about the future of AI. However, there are several ways in which AI currently affects people’s day-to-day life in a negative manner. Knight and Hoa (2019) cite the crashes of self-driving cars in recent months and the various manipulations of information done by bots as examples of AI’s misuse. The recent Cambridge Analytica case, a data-collecting scandal, revealed that individuals’ news feeds could be manipulated to display particular information. It can potentially impact opinions regarding significant social and political problems.

Finally, both pros and cons AI stakeholders note that once the technology is advanced enough, it will be used in some significant domains of people’s lives. For example, Gates states that once robots can move things appropriately, they will be used in hospitals to help with patient transportation (Holey). Similar applications will be possible in warehouses and other facilities with much inventory. Jenkins states that self-driving trucks and other AI-supported technology will eliminate one-third of jobs in the United States (2). Similarly to the previous argument, these concerns are voiced as a warning for politicians and organizations developing AI.

Overall, AI was first introduced in 1956 as a technology miming human thinking and task-solving capabilities. The main stakeholders of the debate are all people since AI is already used in different domains, for example, healthcare or education. The main argument supporting AI is the efficiency and capabilities of this technology, which surpasses human abilities. However, the arguments against the uncontrolled development of AI presented by technology specialists and scientists argue that it is unclear how AI will develop in the future and how humanity will interact with it.

Holley, Peter. “ Bill Gates on Dangers of Artificial Intelligence: ‘I Don’t Understand Why Some People are not Concerned. ” Washington Post , 2015. Web.

Jennings, Charles. Artificial Intelligence: Rise of the Lightspeed Learners. Rowman & Littlefielf, 2019.

Knight, Will and Karen Hoa. “ Never Mind Killer Robots—Here are Six Real AI Dangers to Watch Out for in 2019. ” MIT Technology Review, 2019.

Makridakis, Spyros. “The Forthcoming Artificial Intelligence (AI) Revolution: Its Impact on Society and Firms.” Futures, vol. 90, 2017, pp. 46-60.

Wilson, James et al. “The Jobs That Artificial Intelligence Will Create.” MIT Sloan Management Review, vol. 58, no. 4, 2017, pp. 14-16.

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Table of Contents

What is artificial intelligence, advantages and disadvantages of artificial intelligence, 10 benefits of artificial intelligence, disadvantages of artificial intelligence, advantages and disadvantages of ai in different sectors and industries, choose the right program, advantages and disadvantages of artificial intelligence - the bottom line, advantages and disadvantages of artificial intelligence [ai].

Reviewed and fact-checked by Sayantoni Das

With all the hype around Artificial Intelligence - robots, self-driving cars , etc. - it can be easy to assume that AI doesn’t impact our everyday lives. In reality, most of us encounter Artificial Intelligence in some way or the other almost every single day. From the moment you wake up to check your smartphone to watching another Netflix recommended movie, AI has quickly made its way into our everyday lives. According to a study by Statista, the global AI market is set to grow up to 54 percent every single year . But what exactly is AI? Will it really serve good to mankind in the future? Well, there are tons of advantages and disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence which we’ll discuss in this article. But before we jump into the pros and cons of AI, let us take a quick glance over what is AI.

Before we jump on to the advantages and disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence, let us understand what is AI in the first place. From a birds eye view, AI provides a computer program the ability to think and learn on its own. It is a simulation of human intelligence (hence, artificial) into machines to do things that we would normally rely on humans. This technological marvel extends beyond mere automation, incorporating a broad spectrum of AI skills - abilities that enable machines to understand, reason, learn, and interact in a human-like manner. There are three main types of AI based on its capabilities - weak AI, strong AI, and super AI.

• Weak AI - Focuses on one task and cannot perform beyond its limitations (common in our daily lives)
• Strong AI - Can understand and learn any intellectual task that a human being can (researchers are striving to reach strong AI)
• Super AI - Surpasses human intelligence and can perform any task better than a human (still a concept)

Here's a quick video to help you understand what artificial intelligence is and understand its advantages and disadvantages. 

An artificial intelligence program is a program that is capable of learning and thinking. It is possible to consider anything to be artificial intelligence if it consists of a program performing a task that we would normally assume a human would perform.

While artificial intelligence has many benefits, there are also drawbacks. The benefits of AI include efficiency through task automation, data analysis for informed decisions, assistance in medical diagnosis, and the advancement of autonomous vehicles. The drawbacks of AI include job displacement, ethical concerns about bias and privacy, security risks from hacking, a lack of human-like creativity and empathy.

Let's begin with the advantages of artificial intelligence.

1. Reduction in Human Error

One of the biggest benefits of Artificial Intelligence is that it can significantly reduce errors and increase accuracy and precision. The decisions taken by AI in every step is decided by information previously gathered and a certain set of algorithms . When programmed properly, these errors can be reduced to null. 

An example of the reduction in human error through AI is the use of robotic surgery systems, which can perform complex procedures with precision and accuracy, reducing the risk of human error and improving patient safety in healthcare.

2. Zero Risks

Another big benefit of AI is that humans can overcome many risks by letting AI robots do them for us. Whether it be defusing a bomb, going to space, exploring the deepest parts of oceans, machines with metal bodies are resistant in nature and can survive unfriendly atmospheres. Moreover, they can provide accurate work with greater responsibility and not wear out easily.

One example of zero risks is a fully automated production line in a manufacturing facility. Robots perform all tasks, eliminating the risk of human error and injury in hazardous environments.

3. 24x7 Availability

There are many studies that show humans are productive only about 3 to 4 hours in a day. Humans also need breaks and time offs to balance their work life and personal life. But AI can work endlessly without breaks. They think much faster than humans and perform multiple tasks at a time with accurate results. They can even handle tedious repetitive jobs easily with the help of AI algorithms. 

An example of this is online customer support chatbots, which can provide instant assistance to customers anytime, anywhere. Using AI and natural language processing, chatbots can answer common questions, resolve issues, and escalate complex problems to human agents, ensuring seamless customer service around the clock.

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4. Digital Assistance

Some of the most technologically advanced companies engage with users using digital assistants, which eliminates the need for human personnel. Many websites utilize digital assistants to deliver user-requested content. We can discuss our search with them in conversation. Some chatbots are built in a way that makes it difficult to tell whether we are conversing with a human or a chatbot.

We all know that businesses have a customer service crew that must address the doubts and concerns of the patrons. Businesses can create a chatbot or voice bot that can answer all of their clients' questions using AI.

Related Reading: Top Digital Marketing Trends

5. New Inventions

In practically every field, AI is the driving force behind numerous innovations that will aid humans in resolving the majority of challenging issues.

For instance, recent advances in AI-based technologies  have allowed doctors to detect breast cancer in a woman at an earlier stage.

Another example of new inventions is self-driving cars, which use a combination of cameras, sensors, and AI algorithms to navigate roads and traffic without human intervention. Self-driving cars have the potential to improve road safety, reduce traffic congestion, and increase accessibility for people with disabilities or limited mobility. They are being developed by various companies, including Tesla, Google, and Uber, and are expected to revolutionize transportation.

6. Unbiased Decisions

Human beings are driven by emotions, whether we like it or not. AI on the other hand, is devoid of emotions and highly practical and rational in its approach. A huge advantage of Artificial Intelligence is that it doesn't have any biased views, which ensures more accurate decision-making.

An example of this is AI-powered recruitment systems that screen job applicants based on skills and qualifications rather than demographics. This helps eliminate bias in the hiring process, leading to an inclusive and more diverse workforce.

7. Perform Repetitive Jobs

We will be doing a lot of repetitive tasks as part of our daily work, such as checking documents for flaws and mailing thank-you notes, among other things. We may use artificial intelligence to efficiently automate these menial chores and even eliminate "boring" tasks for people, allowing them to focus on being more creative.

An example of this is using robots in manufacturing assembly lines, which can handle repetitive tasks such as welding, painting, and packaging with high accuracy and speed, reducing costs and improving efficiency.

8. Daily Applications

Today, our everyday lives are entirely dependent on mobile devices and the internet. We utilize a variety of apps, including Google Maps, Alexa, Siri, Cortana on Windows, OK Google, taking selfies, making calls, responding to emails, etc. With the use of various AI-based techniques, we can also anticipate today’s weather and the days ahead.

About 20 years ago, you must have asked someone who had already been there for instructions when you were planning a trip. All you need to do now is ask Google where Bangalore is. The best route between you and Bangalore will be displayed, along with Bangalore's location, on a Google map.

9. AI in Risky Situations

One of the main benefits of artificial intelligence is this. By creating an AI robot that can perform perilous tasks on our behalf, we can get beyond many of the dangerous restrictions that humans face. It can be utilized effectively in any type of natural or man-made calamity, whether it be going to Mars, defusing a bomb, exploring the deepest regions of the oceans, or mining for coal and oil.

For instance, the explosion at the Chernobyl nuclear power facility in Ukraine. As any person who came close to the core would have perished in a matter of minutes, at the time, there were no AI-powered robots that could assist us in reducing the effects of radiation by controlling the fire in its early phases.

10. Medical Applications

AI has also made significant contributions to the field of medicine, with applications ranging from diagnosis and treatment to drug discovery and clinical trials. AI-powered tools can help doctors and researchers analyze patient data, identify potential health risks, and develop personalized treatment plans. This can lead to better health outcomes for patients and help accelerate the development of new medical treatments and technologies.

Let us now look at what are the main disadvantages that Artificial intelligence holds.

1. High Costs

The ability to create a machine that can simulate human intelligence is no small feat. It requires plenty of time and resources and can cost a huge deal of money. AI also needs to operate on the latest hardware and software to stay updated and meet the latest requirements, thus making it quite costly.

2. No Creativity

A big disadvantage of AI is that it cannot learn to think outside the box. AI is capable of learning over time with pre-fed data and past experiences, but cannot be creative in its approach. A classic example is the bot Quill who can write Forbes earning reports . These reports only contain data and facts already provided to the bot. Although it is impressive that a bot can write an article on its own, it lacks the human touch present in other Forbes articles. 

3. Unemployment

One application of artificial intelligence is a robot, which is displacing occupations and increasing unemployment (in a few cases). Therefore, some claim that there is always a chance of unemployment as a result of chatbots and robots replacing humans. 

For instance, robots are frequently utilized to replace human resources in manufacturing businesses in some more technologically advanced nations like Japan. This is not always the case, though, as it creates additional opportunities for humans to work while also replacing humans in order to increase efficiency.

4. Make Humans Lazy

AI applications automate the majority of tedious and repetitive tasks. Since we do not have to memorize things or solve puzzles to get the job done, we tend to use our brains less and less. This addiction to AI can cause problems to future generations.

5. No Ethics

Ethics and morality are important human features that can be difficult to incorporate into an AI. The rapid progress of AI has raised a number of concerns that one day, AI will grow uncontrollably, and eventually wipe out humanity. This moment is referred to as the AI singularity.

6. Emotionless

Since early childhood, we have been taught that neither computers nor other machines have feelings. Humans function as a team, and team management is essential for achieving goals. However, there is no denying that robots are superior to humans when functioning effectively, but it is also true that human connections, which form the basis of teams, cannot be replaced by computers.

7. No Improvement

Humans cannot develop artificial intelligence because it is a technology based on pre-loaded facts and experience. AI is proficient at repeatedly carrying out the same task, but if we want any adjustments or improvements, we must manually alter the codes. AI cannot be accessed and utilized akin to human intelligence, but it can store infinite data.

Machines can only complete tasks they have been developed or programmed for; if they are asked to complete anything else, they frequently fail or provide useless results, which can have significant negative effects. Thus, we are unable to make anything conventional.

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Now that you know both the pros and cons of Artificial Intelligence, one thing is for sure has massive potential for creating a better world to live in. The most important role for humans will be to ensure that the rise of the AI doesn’t get out of hand. Although there are both debatable pros and cons of artificial intelligence , its impact on the global industry is undeniable. It continues to grow every single day driving sustainability for businesses. This certainly calls for the need of AI literacy and upskilling to prosper in many new age jobs. Simplilearn’s Caltech Post Graduate Program in AI & ML will help you fast track your career in AI and prepare you for one of the world’s most exciting jobs. This program covers both AI basics and advanced topics such as deep learning networks , NLP, and reinforcement learning. Get started with this course today and build your dream career in AI.

1. What are the benefits of Artificial Intelligence (AI)?

• Increased Efficiency: AI can automate repetitive tasks, improving efficiency and productivity in various industries.
• Data Analysis and Insights: AI algorithms can analyze large data quickly, providing valuable insights for decision-making.
• 24/7 Availability: AI-powered systems can operate continuously, offering round-the-clock services and support.
• Improved Accuracy: AI can perform tasks with high precision, reducing errors and improving overall accuracy.
• Personalization: AI enables personalized experiences and recommendations based on individual preferences and behavior.
• Safety and Risk Reduction: AI can be used for tasks that are hazardous to humans, reducing risks and ensuring safety.

2. What are the disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence (AI)?

• Job Displacement: AI automation may lead to job losses in certain industries, affecting the job market and workforce.
• Ethical Concerns: AI raises ethical issues, including data privacy, algorithm bias, and potential misuse of AI technologies.
• Lack of Creativity and Empathy: AI lacks human qualities like creativity and empathy, limiting its ability to understand emotions or produce original ideas.
• Cost and Complexity: Developing and implementing AI systems can be expensive, require specialized knowledge and resources.
• Reliability and Trust: AI systems may not always be fully reliable, leading to distrust in their decision-making capabilities.
• Dependency on Technology: Over-reliance on AI can make humans dependent on technology and reduce critical thinking skills.

3. How can businesses benefit from adopting AI? 

Businesses can benefit from adopting AI in various ways, such as:

• Streamlining operations and reducing operational costs.
• Enhancing customer experiences through personalized services and support.
• Optimizing supply chain management and inventory control.
• Predictive analytics for better decision-making and market insights.
• Improve product and service offerings based on customer feedback and data analysis.

4. What are some AI applications in everyday life? 

AI applications in everyday life include:

• Virtual assistants like Siri and Alexa, which help with voice commands and information retrieval.
• Social media algorithms that curate personalized content for users.
• Recommendation systems on streaming platforms, suggesting movies and shows based on viewing history.
•  Financial institutions use fraud detection systems to identify suspicious transactions.
• AI-powered healthcare diagnostics for disease detection and treatment planning.

5. What are the advantages of AI in education?

• Personalized learning: AI has the capability to analyze individual student data, enabling the provision of personalized learning experiences that cater to each student's needs and preferred learning styles. As a result, students can progress at their own pace and receive the necessary assistance for their academic success.
• Improved engagement and motivation: AI can create more interactive and engaging learning experiences that can help students stay focused in their learning.
• Enhanced assessment and feedback: AI can provide more accurate and timely assessment and feedback to help students track their progress and identify areas where they need additional support.
• Increased access to education: AI can help to increase access to education by providing more personalized and affordable learning opportunities.
• Improved teacher training: AI can help to improve teacher training by providing teachers with data and insights that can help them better understand their students and their needs.

6. How does Artificial Intelligence reduce costs?  

AI can reduce costs by automating repetitive tasks, increasing efficiency, and minimizing errors. This leads to improved productivity and resource allocation, ultimately resulting in cost savings.

7. Can AI replace human intelligence and creativity?

 While AI can perform specific tasks with remarkable precision, it cannot fully replicate human intelligence and creativity. AI lacks consciousness and emotions, limiting its ability to understand complex human experiences and produce truly creative works.

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What is Artificial Intelligence?

Artificial intelligence refers to the simulation of human intelligence in a machine that is programmed to think like humans. The idea of artificial intelligence initially begins by the computer scientist from 1943 to 1956. A model proposed by Alan Turing which is known as the Turing test. A Turing test is an algorithm that computes the data similar to human nature and behavior for proper response.

Since this Turing test proposed by Alan Turing which plays one of the most important roles in the development of artificial intelligence, So Alan Turing is known as the father of artificial intelligence. This test is based on the principle of human intelligence defined by a machine and execute the task simpler than the human.  

The goal of artificial intelligence includes learning, reasoning, and Perception. As technology advances the machine that calculates basic operation recognized by a specific type of system which requires a machine to optimize through embodied artificial intelligence. So we can say that artificial intelligence is beneficial for different industries where machines are wired for performing complex tasks with the help of artificial intelligence. The artificial intelligence approaches also in mathematics, computer science, linguistics, psychology, space science and so more.

Advantages and Disadvantages of AI

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Advantages and Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence (AI)

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In my journey through the realm of data analytics, I've witnessed firsthand the pivotal role that data plays in shaping decision-making across industries. Statista predicts that the worldwide AI market will increase by 54 percent each year . The sheer volume and diversity of data generated by humans and sensors surpass human capacity for handling. This influx of data has fueled the rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI), conceived by data scientists as a means to mimic human thought processes. This evolution sparks debates surrounding the advantages and disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence.

Machine Learning and Deep Learning, pivotal subsets of AI, have emerged as indispensable tools for data interpretation and analysis across diverse business landscapes. It's imperative to weigh the advantages and disadvantages of AI comprehensively. In this article, I delve into the fundamental concepts, pros and cons of Artificial Intelligence, developmental stages and use cases of AI, offering insights to aspiring professionals navigating this dynamic field.

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What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)?

Before we talk about the advantages and disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence, let's first get a grasp on what is AI . Artificial Intelligence, or AI, is a technology that allows a computer program to learn, reason, and act on its own. It's a machine-to-machine emulation of human intellect that makes them do things that humans normally do. In simplest terms, AI refers to a device's ability to function similarly to human intelligence and perform tasks that humans would perform. 

AI improves the way we think and the way we explore new horizons. AI boosts our ability to imagine and explore new possibilities. Data Science certification program can help you break into the IT business by teaching you the fundamentals of AI and how to use it. It will help you attain the knowledge and curate your own set of skills. There are three main types of Artificial Intelligence depending on their capabilities. Let us have a look at them. 

• Weak or Narrow Artificial Intelligence:  Weak AI focuses only on one task. It has certain limitations. Thus, Weak AI cannot perform beyond its limits. It performs only one task at a time.
• Strong or General Artificial Intelligence:  Strong AI is capable of understanding and learning the tasks that any human being can do. It can work beyond its limitations to understand, learn, and act accordingly. Know more about the detailed comparison of strong AI vs weak AI .
• Super Artificial Intelligence:  As the name suggests, Super AI surpasses human intelligence and can perform any task better than any human would have performed. (It is still a concept that will sooner or later come into being.)

Advantages and Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence (AI): Comparison Table

Artificial intelligence has its pros and cons. On the advantages of AI side includes, r educing human error, automate repetitive tasks, faster decision making, pattern identification, mitigates risks etc., However, there are drawbacks of AI like increase human laziness, expensive, increase unemployment, lacks creativeness etc., 

Lets discuss about the pros and cons of AI (Artificial Intelligence) in a detailed comparison table: 

Top 10 Advantages of AI (Artificial Intelligence) 

In real-world applications, AI is revolutionizing various industries through many advantages it has to offer in the following ways. Let's discuss top 10 advantages of AI in a detailed way:  

1. By Reducing Human Error 

• It is likely for humans to make mistakes in tedious and monotonous tasks, but computers can avoid such errors if programmed correctly.   
• AI models  make predictions by applying algorithms to the compiled data, thereby reducing errors and improving accuracy.   
• Hence, achieving better results and fewer mistakes is possible. This can save both time and resources. So, organizations tend to increase their investments in AI for leveraging big data.  

2. Allows Automating Repetitive Tasks 

• Repetitive tasks and processes continue to be a significant aspect of many occupations today.   
• This does not allow using the full potential of human employees.   
• AI enables automation of routine monotonous tasks in different areas of data collection and entry, email responses, customer support through chatbots, factory operations such as visual quality inspection, software testing, invoice generation, and many more.   
• This can undoubtedly free up the employees' time to focus on creativity or other areas that require distinctively human abilities.  

3. Easily Handles Big Data  

• AI can process and make sense of big data in very less time.   
• It can quickly capture data and extract relevant data for analysis. However, that's not all, as AI can also further process this data through interpretation and transformation.   

4. Faster Decision-Making with Continuous Availability  

• Organizations are always keen on faster decision-making to respond to today's dynamic markets.   
• But for faster decision-making, it is essential to have reliable insights available at a faster pace.   
• AI, along with various technologies, enables machines to bring consolidated information and predictions to assist in faster decision-making.   
• Additionally, AI also improves the process every time with previous predictions. Besides, AI systems can be continuously available, ensuring continual availability 24/7 with breaks (other than planned maintenance activities). This significantly impacts the company's productivity.  

5. AI-powered Digital Assistants

• Many businesses today have implemented digital assistants (chatbots) for customer interactions.   
• A chatbot can significantly reduce the need for excessive customer service staff for routine and simple customer queries.   
• Chatbots can smartly interact with the customer and provide relevant information on demand.   
• Voice assistants like Alexa and Siri are examples of voice bots that respond to voice commands and assist users with queries and personal management tasks.   

6. Mitigates Risks 

• A highly notable advantage of AI application is in areas that are hazardous to humans.   
• AI systems can minimize the risks involved for humans in such tasks. For example, AI-enabled robots can undertake risky tasks such as coal mining, marine life exploration, assisting in rescue operations during natural disasters, and so on.   

7. Pattern Identification

• AI outperforms human talents when spotting patterns in words, figures, or images.  
• AI effectively discovers trends and patterns in a dataset and, as a result, can generate more accurate predictions faster.   
• This is crucial for companies as they can visualize the bigger picture for better decision-making.   
• For example, with such trends and patterns, AI can improve the marketing analytics capabilities of any organization.  

8. Improving Processes and Workflows  

• Companies strive to find ways to work more efficiently, increase productivity, and boost revenues.   
• An important part of this includes developing better human workflows. It might be possible to achieve higher efficiency by designing workflows that reduce error and rework by humans.   

9.  Medical Applications and Treatments 

• The best thing that has ever happened to humans is AI being involved in medical applications and treatments.   
• Doctors can assess their patients and their health risks quickly with AI. The growing applications of AI used in medical science also help educate the machines regarding the side effects of various medicines.  
• Nowadays, medical professionals are trained with artificial surgery stimulators that help monitor and detect neurological disorders and stimulate brain functions.   
• AI also helps in radiosurgery. It is used while operating on tumors without damaging the surrounding tissues.  
• The growing applications of AI used in medical science  also help educate the machines regarding the side effects of various medicines.  

10. 24x7 Availability

• Many studies have been conducted, and it has been proved that humans are productive only for three to four hours a day.   
• They demand breaks and time off to maintain a healthy work-life balance. This is where artificial intelligence (AI) enters the picture.   
• AI can work indefinitely without taking a break or vacation. Machines can think much faster than humans and perform multiple tasks simultaneously while giving accurate results.   
• Unlike humans, they are programmed to work for longer hours without getting bored or distracted. They can also handle tedious and monotonous jobs easily with the help of  AI algorithm s . Check out the online Bootcamp Data Science  programs that can help you grasp relevant Data Science and AI concepts.

Top 8 Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Although AI offers several advantages, it still has a few disadvantages of AI mentioned below:  

1. More Likely to Increase Human Laziness

• Automation in tasks and increased availability of digital assistants tend to increase machine dependency, which can likely increase human laziness.   
• Too much relying on AI for simple tasks such as small calculations or remembering numbers or addresses can affect humans in their day-to-day activities, which require memorization or analysis.   
• Conscious use of AI is crucial to avoid negative effects on future generations.  

2. AI is Expensive to Implement

• Initial set-up for AI requires a high investment as companies have to invest in AI frameworks, including the latest hardware and software.   
• Additional costs are incurred on training teams to learn how to utilize the AI systems. All this makes implementing and maintaining AI systems expensive.  

3. Can Increase Unemployment  

• Although AI can replace repetitive tasks and other types of manual work, which is beneficial for organizations, this also has a negative impact on employment.  
• Conventional jobs will likely be completely replaced by AI in the future, leading to the unemployment of individuals who perform them.  

4. Lacks Creativeness   

• Since AI systems make predictions based on a set of algorithms, these can lack creativity, especially in the content marketing field.   
• As AI systems improve over time from inputs and experience, they cannot think outside the box or generate creative approaches to a project.   

5. Cannot Understand Emotions  

• AI systems can work faster and without a break, but they cannot evaluate emotions before making decisions.   
• These systems always remain highly rational and practical. This is why AI systems find it challenging to bring in emotions while interacting with customers, as emotions play a key role in sales and marketing while convincing a customer to make a purchase.  

6. Difficult to Implement Ethics 

• Finally, AI systems cannot process human emotions and feel them. It is highly challenging to incorporate ethics and morality into these systems.   
• Advanced versions of AI like the theory of mind and Self-awareness, when achieved, can only implement ethical behaviour in AI systems.   
• Currently, these systems are on paper and only partly achieved; it looks a long way to think about implementing ethics in AI systems.   Also, take a look at the details on  skills to become an AI & ML engineer .  

7. Big Tech Monopoly

This is one of the most talked about disadvantages of artificial intelligence. Since AI is so simple to use, we would want to think that it has made technology more accessible, but the reality is somewhat different. The cost and resource constraints of AI have led to a growing monopoly of big IT businesses in both R&D and application. Big tech companies use their money power to acquire smaller companies and retain their monopolies. In order to create a massive monopoly in AI technology, Google has acquired at least thirty AI startups since 2007 that are working on projects ranging from picture recognition to more realistic computer voices. When these tech monopolies become the exclusive source of AI technology , they have the potential to worsen the ethical, moral, and transparency issues that now plague AI. 

8. Privacy Infringement

While there are numerous advantages of ai in daily life, privacy infringement could be a serious disadvantage. Let me explain. Data, frequently sensitive and personal information, is essential to AI systems. There are serious privacy issues raised by this. AI's data-hungry nature can violate people's privacy rights in a variety of ways, from public face recognition systems to internet surveillance for targeted advertising. If you've experimented with AI chatbots or AI face filters on the internet, your information is being gathered. But where does it go and what does it be used for? AI tools frequently gather personal information to assist in training AI models or to customize user experiences (especially when the AI tool is free). Giving data to an AI system could not even be regarded as secure from other users.

Artificial intelligence (AI)-powered surveillance systems have the potential to be abused by governments or other organizations due to their ability to collect large amounts of data.

Source: deviniti.com   Use Cases for AI (Artificial Intelligence)

Here are some top use cases for artificial intelligence (AI):

• Virtual Assistants:  AI powers virtual helpers like Siri and Alexa, making your life easier. It's like having a personal assistant in your pocket, ready to answer questions or set reminders.
• Smart Home Automation: Imagine your home understanding your habits. AI makes it happen, from adjusting thermostats to managing lights – it's like having a home that knows your preferences.
• Recommendation Engines:  Ever notice how Netflix suggests shows you might like? That's AI at play, analyzing your watching habits and predicting what might tickle your fancy.
• Chatbots for Customer Support:  Those helpful chat pop-ups on websites? Often AI-driven chatbots. It's like having a knowledgeable assistant ready to answer your queries 24/7.
• Fraud Detection in Banking: AI acts as a digital detective, spotting unusual patterns in your transactions. It's like having a vigilant guardian protecting your finances from cyber tricksters.
• Healthcare Diagnosis: AI analyzes medical data to assist in diagnosis. It's like having a super-smart medical assistant helping doctors identify illnesses more accurately. This is amongst the most important benefits of artificial intelligence.
• Autonomous Vehicles:  Self-driving cars? Yep, that's AI navigating the roads. It's like having a chauffeur who never gets tired or distracted, making your commute safer.
• Personalized Marketing:  AI analyzes your online behavior to tailor ads just for you. It's like having a personal shopper who knows your style and shows you things you might love.
• Language Translation: Have you ever used Google Translate? AI makes it possible, breaking down language barriers and making communication smoother, almost like having a digital interpreter. 
• Gaming Enhancements: AI improves gaming experiences by adapting challenges based on your skills. It's like having a game that evolves with you, keeping the thrill alive

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Bottom Line: Advantages and Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence 

In my experience, Artificial Intelligence holds immense promise for enhancing our world. However, it's crucial to exercise restraint in its application. Understanding the nuances of the advantages and disadvantages of AI is paramount. In essence, the pace of progress in this field is rapid, driving significant transformations. By taking up an Artificial Intelligence (AI) course , you can get promoted according to your experience and learn the type of work done with AI. Therefore, I encourage aspiring professionals to enroll in relevant courses and acquire the requisite skill sets for productive collaboration with AI in various enterprises. For the next steps, check out our blog posts about data science vs artificial intelligence .

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Artificial Intelligence is an emerging technology that simulates human intelligence and reasoning in AI algorithms/ systems. One can work effectively if they have proper knowledge of AI. 

Digital assistance, no human error, making rational decisions, etc., are some of the benefits of AI. You can read the section termed ‘Advantages of Artificial Intelligence’ above to know all the benefits of AI.

The major con of AI is that its cost is very high. AI needs to be upgraded frequently to suit organizational needs. A huge amount is required to set up complex machines, algorithms, etc. Thus, AI is not cost-effective. 

The significant advantage of AI in education is personalization. AI adapts to the educational level of students, their learning speed, and their academic targets. It also assists the students in determining suitable courses that will enhance their skill set. 

Devashree Madhugiri

Devashree holds an M.Eng degree in Information Technology from Germany and a background in Data Science. She likes working with statistics and discovering hidden insights in varied datasets to create stunning dashboards. She enjoys sharing her knowledge in AI by writing technical articles on various technological platforms. She loves traveling, reading fiction, solving Sudoku puzzles, and participating in coding competitions in her leisure time.

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Artificial Intelligence Essay for Students and Children

500+ words essay on artificial intelligence.

Artificial Intelligence refers to the intelligence of machines. This is in contrast to the natural intelligence of humans and animals. With Artificial Intelligence, machines perform functions such as learning, planning, reasoning and problem-solving. Most noteworthy, Artificial Intelligence is the simulation of human intelligence by machines. It is probably the fastest-growing development in the World of technology and innovation . Furthermore, many experts believe AI could solve major challenges and crisis situations.

Types of Artificial Intelligence

First of all, the categorization of Artificial Intelligence is into four types. Arend Hintze came up with this categorization. The categories are as follows:

Type 1: Reactive machines – These machines can react to situations. A famous example can be Deep Blue, the IBM chess program. Most noteworthy, the chess program won against Garry Kasparov , the popular chess legend. Furthermore, such machines lack memory. These machines certainly cannot use past experiences to inform future ones. It analyses all possible alternatives and chooses the best one.

Type 2: Limited memory – These AI systems are capable of using past experiences to inform future ones. A good example can be self-driving cars. Such cars have decision making systems . The car makes actions like changing lanes. Most noteworthy, these actions come from observations. There is no permanent storage of these observations.

Type 3: Theory of mind – This refers to understand others. Above all, this means to understand that others have their beliefs, intentions, desires, and opinions. However, this type of AI does not exist yet.

Type 4: Self-awareness – This is the highest and most sophisticated level of Artificial Intelligence. Such systems have a sense of self. Furthermore, they have awareness, consciousness, and emotions. Obviously, such type of technology does not yet exist. This technology would certainly be a revolution .

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Applications of Artificial Intelligence

First of all, AI has significant use in healthcare. Companies are trying to develop technologies for quick diagnosis. Artificial Intelligence would efficiently operate on patients without human supervision. Such technological surgeries are already taking place. Another excellent healthcare technology is IBM Watson.

Artificial Intelligence in business would significantly save time and effort. There is an application of robotic automation to human business tasks. Furthermore, Machine learning algorithms help in better serving customers. Chatbots provide immediate response and service to customers.

AI can greatly increase the rate of work in manufacturing. Manufacture of a huge number of products can take place with AI. Furthermore, the entire production process can take place without human intervention. Hence, a lot of time and effort is saved.

Artificial Intelligence has applications in various other fields. These fields can be military , law , video games , government, finance, automotive, audit, art, etc. Hence, it’s clear that AI has a massive amount of different applications.

To sum it up, Artificial Intelligence looks all set to be the future of the World. Experts believe AI would certainly become a part and parcel of human life soon. AI would completely change the way we view our World. With Artificial Intelligence, the future seems intriguing and exciting.

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Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the convergent fields of computer and data science focused on building machines with human intelligence to perform tasks that would previously have required a human being. For example, learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, language understanding and more. Instead of relying on explicit instructions from a programmer, AI systems can learn from data, allowing them to handle complex problems (as well as simple-but-repetitive tasks) and improve over time.

Today’s AI technology has a range of use cases across various industries; businesses use AI to minimize human error, reduce high costs of operations, provide real-time data insights and improve the customer experience, among many other applications. As such, it represents a significant shift in the way we approach computing, creating systems that can improve workflows and enhance elements of everyday life.

But even with the myriad benefits of AI, it does have noteworthy disadvantages when compared to traditional programming methods. AI development and deployment can come with data privacy concerns, job displacements and cybersecurity risks, not to mention the massive technical undertaking of ensuring AI systems behave as intended.

In this article, we’ll discuss how AI technology functions and lay out the advantages and disadvantages of artificial intelligence as they compare to traditional computing methods.

What is artificial intelligence and how does it work?

AI operates on three fundamental components: data, algorithms and computing power. 

• Data: AI systems learn and make decisions based on data, and they require large quantities of data to train effectively, especially in the case of machine learning (ML) models. Data is often divided into three categories: training data (helps the model learn), validation data (tunes the model) and test data (assesses the model’s performance). For optimal performance, AI models should receive data from a diverse datasets (e.g., text, images, audio and more), which enables the system to generalize its learning to new, unseen data.
• Algorithms: Algorithms are the sets of rules AI systems use to process data and make decisions. The category of AI algorithms includes ML algorithms, which learn and make predictions and decisions without explicit programming. AI can also work from deep learning algorithms, a subset of ML that uses multi-layered artificial neural networks (ANNs)—hence the “deep” descriptor—to model high-level abstractions within big data infrastructures. And reinforcement learning algorithms enable an agent to learn behavior by performing functions and receiving punishments and rewards based on their correctness, iteratively adjusting the model until it’s fully trained.
• Computing power: AI algorithms often necessitate significant computing resources to process such large quantities of data and run complex algorithms, especially in the case of deep learning. Many organizations rely on specialized hardware, like graphic processing units (GPUs), to streamline these processes. 

AI systems also tend to fall in two broad categories:

• Artificial Narrow Intelligence , also called narrow AI or weak AI, performs specific tasks like image or voice recognition. Virtual assistants like Apple’s Siri, Amazon’s Alexa, IBM watsonx and even OpenAI’s ChatGPT are examples of narrow AI systems.
• Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) , or Strong AI, can perform any intellectual task a human can perform; it can understand, learn, adapt and work from knowledge across domains. AGI, however, is still just a theoretical concept.

How does traditional programming work?

Unlike AI programming, traditional programming requires the programmer to write explicit instructions for the computer to follow in every possible scenario; the computer then executes the instructions to solve a problem or perform a task. It’s a deterministic approach, akin to a recipe, where the computer executes step-by-step instructions to achieve the desired result.

The traditional approach is well-suited for clearly defined problems with a limited number of possible outcomes, but it’s often impossible to write rules for every single scenario when tasks are complex or demand human-like perception (as in image recognition, natural language processing, etc.). This is where AI programming offers a clear edge over rules-based programming methods.

What are the pros and cons of AI (compared to traditional computing)?

The real-world potential of AI is immense. Applications of AI include diagnosing diseases, personalizing social media feeds, executing sophisticated data analyses for weather modeling and powering the chatbots that handle our customer support requests. AI-powered robots can even assemble cars and minimize radiation from wildfires.

As with any technology, there are advantages and disadvantages of AI, when compared to traditional programing technologies. Aside from foundational differences in how they function, AI and traditional programming also differ significantly in terms of programmer control, data handling, scalability and availability.

• Control and transparency: Traditional programming offers developers full control over the logic and behavior of software, allowing for precise customization and predictable, consistent outcomes. And if a program doesn’t behave as expected, developers can trace back through the codebase to identify and correct the issue. AI systems, particularly complex models like deep neural networks, can be hard to control and interpret. They often work like “black boxes,” where the input and output are known, but the process the model uses to get from one to the other is unclear. This lack of transparency can be problematic in industries that prioritize process and decision-making explainability (like healthcare and finance).
• Learning and data handling: Traditional programming is rigid; it relies on structured data to execute programs and typically struggles to process unstructured data. In order to “teach” a program new information, the programmer must manually add new data or adjust processes. Traditionally coded programs also struggle with independent iteration. In other words, they may not be able to accommodate unforeseen scenarios without explicit programming for those cases. Because AI systems learn from vast amounts of data, they’re better suited for processing unstructured data like images, videos and natural language text. AI systems can also learn continually from new data and experiences (as in machine learning), allowing them to improve their performance over time and making them especially useful in dynamic environments where the best possible solution can evolve over time.
• Stability and scalability: Traditional programming is stable. Once a program is written and debugged, it will perform operations the exact same way, every single time. However, the stability of rules-based programs comes at the expense of scalability. Because traditional programs can only learn through explicit programming interventions, they require programmers to write code at scale in order to scale up operations. This process can prove unmanageable, if not impossible, for many organizations. AI programs offer more scalability than traditional programs but with less stability. The automation and continuous learning features of AI-based programs enable developers to scale processes quickly and with relative ease, representing one of the key advantages of ai. However, the improvisational nature of AI systems means that programs may not always provide consistent, appropriate responses.
• Efficiency and availability: Rules-based computer programs can provide 24/7 availability, but sometimes only if they have human workers to operate them around the clock.

AI technologies can run 24/7 without human intervention so that business operations can run continuously. Another of the benefits of artificial intelligence is that AI systems can automate boring or repetitive jobs (like data entry), freeing up employees’ bandwidth for higher-value work tasks and lowering the company’s payroll costs. It’s worth mentioning, however, that automation can have significant job loss implications for the workforce. For instance, some companies have transitioned to using digital assistants to triage employee reports, instead of delegating such tasks to a human resources department. Organizations will need to find ways to incorporate their existing workforce into new workflows enabled by productivity gains from the incorporation of AI into operations.

Maximize the advantages of artificial intelligence with IBM Watson

Omdia projects that the global AI market will be worth USD 200 billion by 2028.¹ That means businesses should expect dependency on AI technologies to increase, with the complexity of enterprise IT systems increasing in kind. But with the IBM watsonx™ AI and data platform , organizations have a powerful tool in their toolbox for scaling AI.

IBM watsonx enables teams to manage data sources, accelerate responsible AI workflows, and easily deploy and embed AI across the business—all on one place. watsonx offers a range of advanced features, including comprehensive workload management and real-time data monitoring, designed to help you scale and accelerate AI-powered IT infrastructures with trusted data across the enterprise.

Though not without its complications, the use of AI represents an opportunity for businesses to keep pace with an increasingly complex and dynamic world by meeting it with sophisticated technologies that can handle that complexity.

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Artificial intelligence: Its Merits and Demerits

• March 11, 2022
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CSS, PMS Essays | Artificial intelligence: Its Merits and Demerits | Best for CSS, PMS Current Affairs, Pakistan Affairs, and Essay Papers

The essay is attempted by Iqra Ali on the given pattern, which Sir Syed Kazim Ali  teaches to his students, who have consistently been qualifying their CSS, PMS essays. Sir Syed Kazim Ali has been Pakistan’s top English writing and CSS, PMS essay and precis coach with the highest success rate of his students. The essay is uploaded to help other competitive aspirants learn and practice essay writing techniques and patterns.

Introduction

• Is Artificial Intelligence (AI) a delusion or a necessity for human life?
• How has AI modernized today’s world?
• Do humans need to be afraid of the rapidly developing AI-based machines?

What is meant by Artificial Intelligence?

• Artificial Intelligence is the ability of a system to think, learn, and perform tasks.

What are the Merits of Artificial Intelligence?

• Upgrading the field of medicine
• Improving diagnostic imaging
• Promoting personalized health monitoring
• Augmenting economy
• Increasing labour productivity
• Making inestimable calculations
• Increasing national security
• Protecting critical cyber networks 
• Ameliorating defence strategies
• Reducing the impacts of climate change
• Helping the detection of deforestation using satellite imagery
• Monitoring coal plant hazardous emissions during energy production
• Increasing the yield of agriculture products
• Using agriculture robots
• Exploiting crop and soil monitoring

What are the Demerits of Artificial Intelligence?

• Invading human privacy Social media algorithms have substantial control over people’s engagements
• Leading to unemployment Replacing manual work with machines
• Overpowering human beings Making it impossible for humans to control machine damage
• Accelerating hacking and terrorism Introducing robotic swarm to attack remotely
• Changing the perspective of decision making through automated advisors Making decisions based on analytical considerations without any emotional involvement.

Artificial intelligence (AI) – the simulation of human intelligence in a machine – has long gone from delusion to necessity in today’s world. It has been the most progressive development in the last few decades, intruding into every known human field. Although AI is not a futuristic vision, it underpins present-day life in several disciplines, including health, finance, national security, environment, and agriculture. From helping healthcare professionals to spot potential anomalies to identifying criminals, AI has proved itself out and out miraculous. Likewise, its use is equally significant in augmenting the economy, detecting erratic climate changes, and increasing the yield of agriculture output. However, despite its splendid rewards in every walk of life, AI has become a controversial arena on account of the threats it poses to human beings. Apprehensively, the predominant perturbation is that a machine would not need to be smarter than humans, or it would pose a critical risk. For instance, in the case of social media, the algorithms have substantial control over what people choose to engage with, thus, invading the privacy of its users and exploiting their information. Another biggest fear is the idea that AI is going to overrule the human world. In other words, AI would eventually replace human beings because of its overpowering nature, competing with comparatively weaker human capabilities, thus, increasing unemployment and laziness. Hence, despite valid concerns, the effects of AI on the world are undeniable, and it keeps developing every day. However, precautious severe steps must need to be taken to use the positive aspects of the invention to create a better world.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a term used to describe machines performing human-like cognitive processes such as learning, understanding, reasoning and interacting. In fact, it is a scientific field that uses a computer to store data and responds to robotics and machines for specific commands based on stored data. In simple terms, AI is the ability of a system to think, learn, and perform tasks based on the instruction it is fed with. However, AI that has started engulfing every walk of human life comes with its merits and demerits.

To begin with its merits, artificial intelligence has revolutionized the field of medicine. It has been beneficial not only in diagnostic but also in therapeutic treatment. For instance, through very accurate diagnostic scans like mammography, computed tomography, echocardiography, etc., AI helps predict if a patient is susceptible to breast cancer, brain injury, or stroke. Moreover, machine learning enables individuals to monitor their health through personalized medicine devices such as smartwatches, android phones, walking bands, etc. The more personalized data the devices’ algorithms are fed with, the more accurate they can understand a user’s profile, enabling health care to spot potential anomalies on time. The electronic health record, in fact, is an electronic version of a patient’s medical history that may include all of the key demographics, progress notes, problems, and past medical history. Briefly, AI has transformed the same approach toward the medical field.

Furthermore, AI plays the role of diesel to drive the economy worldwide. Rapidly advancing computing capability with accuracy has made it attainable to assemble, calculate, and transfer large volumes of data in no time. Moreover, AI has also increased labour productivity and a virtual workforce capable of solving problems and self-learning. In a journal published by European Parliament, Accenture forecasts that AI could double economic growth rates by 2023 by increasing labour productivity and diffusion of innovation. Cutting it short, AI has imposed unprecedented impacts on various production sectors because of its ability to generate new revenue, thus, accelerating economic growth at a prodigious rate.

Additionally, the recent breakthrough of AI is gradually reaching a point where it can be used in military applications. For example, intrusion detection-an important part of cyber security to detect malicious network activity before it compromises information availability, integrity, or confidentiality- works on the principle of AI to protect critical cyber networks. Another area where AI helps to increase cyber security is penetration testing. The penetration testing network is often represented with attack graphs or trees that depict how an adversary can exploit vulnerabilities to break into a system. Other potential AI applications that strengthen defence strategies are reconnaissance using partly autonomous vehicles and sensor systems, threat evaluation in air defence systems with high temporal requirements, intelligence analysis of emerging patterns, command and control systems, and education and training.

Moreover, AI has proved beneficial for reducing the impact of climate change. For instance, it has helped detect deforestation through satellite imagery or aerial imagery, including gathering data about where buildings and infrastructure used to stand in the past. Such a move is essential for policymaking to deal efficiently with the erratic weather changes, which are caused mainly due to deforestation. Researchers from the Carbon Tracker- an independent financial think tank- are working toward the United Nation’s goal of preventing the operationalization of new coal plants by monitoring coal plant hazardous emissions with satellite imagery. The gathered data is then used to convince the energy production industry to stop installing carbon energy plants due to their dangerous environmental impacts. So, AI may prove drastically beneficial in reducing the risks involved with fast climate change.

Lastly, the agriculture industry has made tremendous progress with the use of AI. Companies are already developing and using autonomous robust to handle essential agriculture tasks such as crop harvesting on a huge scale and faster pace than human labour. In addition, many companies now leverage computer vision algorithms to process data captured by drones to monitor crop and soil health issues. The gathered data can also be used to detect soil deficiencies, plant pests, and crop irritants to extract data needed for proper treatment, thus, increasing the yield of crops worldwide.

Despite all the benefits, AI also poses severe challenges to humans in the shape of demerits. As Elon Musk aptly says, “Artificial intelligence would undermine our security and be detrimental to the survival of the human race in the not so distant future.” Firstly, AI is invading human privacy and exploiting information. For instance, in the case of social media, the algorithms have substantial control over what people choose to engage with. In other words, social media algorithms exploit the users and propagandize them in target marketing and selling. The case of the UK’s Brexit vote illustrating AI power for social manipulation is one such example in which AI has been used destructively. Briefly, AI has proved detrimental to human privacy and personal identification information.

Secondly, since machines are taking over most manual work, the excessive dependency on AI-based devices leads to massive unemployment. It is already happening on an industrial scale, where AI-based systems and chatbots take the e-commerce industry by storm. It may seem an exaggeration, yet AI will play an important role in executing tasks and processing in a better way than that of humans. Therefore, AI is steadily and inevitably taking over large workforce sectors and causing mass-scale unemployment, resulting in social unrest.

Thirdly, AI pictures possible worst-case scenarios, including a complete overtake of human affairs and the incapacitation of human abilities. Experts, researchers, and scientists often warn that human beings are creating a new god that can be merciful or evil. According to AI researchers, machines are predicted to be better than us in translating languages in 2024, driving a truck by 2027, writing a bestselling book by 2049, and doing surgery by 2053. Hence, it is likely that AI-based machines will overpower human beings shortly. Fourthly, AI-operated systems are likely to be used for nefarious acts, such as delivering viruses to soft wares, manipulating systems, and hacking sensitive projects. Since AI is way faster and more capable than humans reach, it would be almost impossible for man to control the machine-based damage in a short time. Similarly, there are many AI-enabled forms of terrorism to deal with due to the introduction of robotic swarms to attack or deliver disease remotely. Hence, to deal with AI-initiated terrorism, more AI-based technology would be needed to adjust the potential threat.

Last but not least, the increasing penetration of AI into numerous aspects of life has drastically changed the perspective of decision-making through advanced robot advisers that make decisions based on analytical considerations without any emotional involvement. Resultantly, the machines perform multiple tasks and execute critical decisions, either with or without human supervision. Thus, it is feared that AI would also outstrip humans in analytical learning and critical decision-making.

In a nutshell, AI is machine learning that has resulted in a human thrust of technological advancements. Man has reached the era of industrialization and computerization, but he has not sopped here. Instead, he is trying more and more to advance in science and technology. The idea – a product of computer science and its applications- AI has brought improvement and up-gradation in various disciplines, including medicine, economy, security, transportation, astronomy, environment, and entertainment. Further, an AI system has developed automatic driverless commuter trains, robotic pets, and motorized assistants. However, as stated, with the perks come to the perils; the biggest dilemma people face is the machines dominating human beings, leading to unemployment and terrorism. Invading people’s privacy and exploiting their personal information is another considerable problem human beings face owing to AI. Nonetheless, regardless of constructive and destructive consequences, AI has taken us where humans are between the devil and the deep sea. Therefore, it is high time researchers and AI professionals limit their goals of AI-enabled systems to control the ensuing issues before computers overtake humans.

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The pros and cons of artificial intelligence.

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(Photo by Andreas SOLARO / AFP) (Photo by ANDREAS SOLARO/AFP via Getty Images)

Key takeaways

• Artificial intelligence (AI) is hitting the mainstream, though the first form of AI was invented in England, way back in 1951.
• Nowadays AI is used in a wide range of applications, from our personal assistants like Alexa and Siri, to cars, factories and healthcare.
• AI has the power to make massive improvements to our quality of life, but it’s not perfect.

Artificial intelligence, or AI, is everywhere right now. In truth, the fundamentals of AI and machine learning have been around for a long time. The first primitive form of AI was an automated checkers bot which was created by Cristopher Strachey from the University of Manchester, England, back in 1951.

It’s come a long way since then, and we’re starting to see a large number of high profile use cases for the technology being thrust into the mainstream.

Some of the hottest applications of AI include the development of autonomous vehicles, facial recognition software, virtual assistants like Amazon’s AMZN Alexa and Apple’s AAPL Siri and a huge array of industrial applications in all industries from farming to gaming to healthcare.

And of course, there’s our AI-powered investing app , Q.ai.

But with this massive increase in the use of AI in our everyday lives, and algorithms that are constantly improving, what are the pros and cons of this powerful technology? Is it a force for good, for evil or somewhere in between?

Download Q.ai today for access to AI-powered investment strategies.

Best High-Yield Savings Accounts Of 2024

Best 5% interest savings accounts of 2024, the pros of ai.

There’s no denying there are a lot of benefits to using AI. There’s a reason it’s becoming so popular, and that’s because the technology in many ways makes our lives better and/or easier.

Fewer errors

Humans are great. Really, we’re awesome. But we’re not perfect. After a few hours in front of a computer screen, we can get a little tired, a little sloppy. It’s nothing that some lunch, a coffee and a lap around the block won’t fix, but it happens.

Even if we’re fresh at the start of the day, we might be a bit distracted by what’s going on at home. Maybe we’re going through a bad breakup, or our football team lost last night, or someone cut us off in traffic on the way into work.

Whatever the reason, it’s common and normal for human attention to move in and out.

These lapses of attention can lead to mistakes. Typing the wrong number in a mathematical equation, missing out a line of code or in the case of heavy duty workplaces like factories, bigger mistakes which can lead to injury, or even death.

24/7 Uptime

Speaking of tiredness, AI doesn’t suffer from sugar crashes or need a caffeine pick-me-up to get through the 3pm slump. As long as the power is turned on, algorithms can run 24 hours a day, 7 days a week without needing a break.

Not only can an AI program run constantly, but it also runs consistently. It will do the same tasks, to the same standard, forever.

For repetitive tasks this makes them a far better employee than a human. It leads to fewer errors, less downtime and a higher level of safety. They’re all big pros in our book.

Analyze large sets of data - fast

This is a big one for us here at Q.ai. Humans simply can’t match AI when it comes to analyzing large datasets. For a human to go through 10,000 lines of data on a spreadsheet would take days, if not weeks.

AI can do it in a matter of minutes.

A properly trained machine learning algorithm can analyze massive amounts of data in a shockingly small amount of time. We use this capability extensively in our Investment Kits, with our AI looking at a wide range of historical stock and market performance and volatility data, and comparing this to other data such as interest rates, oil prices and more.

AI can then pick up patterns in the data and offer predictions for what might happen in the future. It’s a powerful application that has huge real world implications. From an investment management standpoint, it’s a game-changer.

The Cons of AI

But it’s not all roses. Obviously there are certain downsides to using AI and machine learning to complete tasks. It doesn’t mean we shouldn’t look to use AI, but it’s important that we understand its limitations so that we can implement it in the right way.

Lacks creativity

AI bases its decisions on what has happened in the past. By definition then, it's not well suited to coming up with new or innovative ways to look at problems or situations. Now in many ways, the past is a very good guide as to what might happen in the future, but it isn’t going to be perfect.

There’s always the potential for a never-before-seen variable which sits outside the range of expected outcomes.

Because of this, AI works very well for doing the ‘grunt work’ while keeping the overall strategy decisions and ideas to the human mind.

From an investment perspective, the way we implement this is by having our financial analysts come up with an investment thesis and strategy, and then have our AI take care of the implementation of that strategy.

We still need to tell our AI which datasets to look at in order to get the desired outcome for our clients. We can’t simply say “go generate returns.” We need to provide an investment universe for the AI to look at, and then give parameters on which data points make a ‘good’ investment within the given strategy.

Reduces employment

We’re on the fence about this one, but it’s probably fair to include it because it’s a common argument against the use of AI.

Some uses of AI are unlikely to impact human jobs. For example, the image processing AI in new cars which allows for automatic braking in the event of a potential crash. That’s not replacing a job.

An AI-powered robot assembling those cars in the factory, that probably is taking the place of a human.

The important point to keep in mind is that AI in its current iteration is aiming to replace dangerous and repetitive work. That frees up human workers to do work which offers more ability for creative thinking, which is likely to be more fulfilling.

AI technology is also going to allow for the invention and many aids which will help workers be more efficient in the work that they do. All in all, we believe that AI is a positive for the human workforce in the long run, but that’s not to say there won’t be some growing pains in between.

Ethical dilemmas

AI is purely logical. It makes decisions based on preset parameters that leave little room for nuance and emotion. In many cases this is a positive, as these fixed rules are part of what allows it to analyze and predict huge amounts of data.

In turn though, it makes it very difficult to incorporate areas such as ethics and morality into the algorithm. The output of the algorithm is only as good as the parameters which its creators set, meaning there is room for potential bias within the AI itself.

Imagine, for example, the case of an autonomous vehicle, which gets into a potential road traffic accident situation, where it must choose between driving off a cliff or hitting a pedestrian. As a human driver in that situation, our instincts will take over. Those instincts will be based on our own personal background and history, with no time for conscious thought on the best course of action.

For AI, that decision will be a logical one based on what the algorithm has been programmed to do in an emergency situation. It’s easy to see how this can become a very challenging problem to address.

How to use AI for your personal wealth creation

We use AI in all of our Investment Kits, to analyze, predict and rebalance on a regular basis. A great example is our Global Trends Kit , which uses AI and machine learning to predict the risk-adjusted performance of a range of different asset classes over the coming week.

These asset classes include stocks and bonds, emerging markets, forex, oil, gold and even the volatility index (VIX).

Our algorithm makes the predictions each week and then automatically rebalances the portfolio on what it believes to be the best mix of risk and return based on a huge amount of historical data.

Investors can take the AI a step further by implementing Portfolio Protection . This uses a different machine learning algorithm to analyze the sensitivity of the portfolio to various forms of risk, such as oil risk, interest rate risk and overall market risk. It then automatically implements sophisticated hedging strategies which aim to reduce the downside risk of the portfolio.

If you believe in the power of AI and want to harness it for your financial future, Q.ai has got you covered.

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Artificial Intelligence (AI): Advantages & Disadvantages

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Artificial Intelligence (AI), also known as the Industrial Revolution 4.0 , has been making deep strides in scientific and technological innovation across different fields. It is capable of bringing considerable transformations in the way civilian activities and military operations are conducted. However, there are also concerns regarding the AI’s implications for employment and other ethical issues.

This topic of “Artificial Intelligence (AI): Advantages & Disadvantages” is important from the perspective of the UPSC IAS Examination , which falls under General Studies Portion.

What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)?

• It is a branch of computer science that deals with creating computers or machines as intelligent as human beings.
• It refers to the ability of the machines to perform human intelligence processes like thinking, perceiving, learning, problem-solving and decision making.
• Thus in simple terms, Artificial Intelligence is the intelligence showed by machines.
• The term Artificial Intelligence was coined by John McCarthy in 1956 at the Dartmouth conference, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
• There are two subsets under the Umbrella term AI, they are – Machine Learning and Deep Learning.

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What is the difference between Machine Learning and Deep Learning?

Machine learning:.

• A subset of artificial intelligence that deals with the creation of algorithms that can modify itself without human intervention to generate desired output- by feeding itself via structured data .
• Machine learning algorithms are built to “learn” to do things by understanding labeled data, then use it to produce further outputs with more sets of data. However, they need to be retrained through human intervention when the actual output isn’t the desired one (errors).

Deep Learning:

• A subset of machine learning where algorithms are created and function similar to those in machine learning, however, there are different layers of these algorithms- each providing a different interpretation to the data it feeds on.
• Such a network of algorithms is known as artificial neural networks , as it imitates the function of the human neural networks present in the brain.
• Deep learning networks do not need human intervention as the nested layers in the neural networks put data via hierarchies of different concepts, which eventually learn from their own errors . But even these are subject to flawed outputs if the quality of data is not good enough.

To put it simply, the key difference between deep learning and machine learning stems from the way data is presented to the system. Machine learning algorithms almost always require structured data, whereas deep learning networks rely on layers of the ANN (artificial neural networks) . Thus Data is the governor here. It is the quality of data which ultimately determines the quality of the result.

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What are some of the examples of Artificial Intelligent Technologies?

• Robotics and Automation: Robots can be programmed to perform high-volume, repeatable tasks normally performed by humans.
• Natural Language Processing (NLP) is the processing of human language by a computer program. For example, spam detectors look at the subject line and text of an email in order to decide whether it is junk.
• Pattern recognition is a subset of machine learning that seeks to identify patterns in data. For example, a machine learning program can differentiate cats from dogs among 1000 images of cats and dogs through pattern recognition like face, whiskers, etc.
• Machine vision is the science of giving computers a vision by capturing and analyzing visual information using a camera, analog-to-digital conversion, and digital signal processing. It is mostly compared to human eyesight, however, machine vision is not constrained by biology = it can even be programmed to see through walls.

What are the applications/advantages of Artificial Intelligence (AI)?

Self-driving Cars:   AI algorithms are one of the primary components that facilitate self-driving cars to make sense of their surroundings, taking in feeds from cameras installed around the vehicle and detecting objects like roads, traffic signs, other cars, and people.

Digital assistants and smart speakers:  Siri, Alexa, Cortana, and Google Assistant utilise artificial intelligence to convert spoken words to text and map the text to certain commands. AI assists digital assistants to make sense of various nuances in spoken language and synthesize human-like voices.

Translation:  For several decades, translating text between various languages was a pain point for computers. But deep learning created a revolution in services such as Google Translate. But to be precise, AI still has a long way to go before it perfects human language, but so far, the advances are outstanding.

Facial recognition:  Facial recognition is one of the most prominent applications of artificial intelligence. It has different uses, including unlocking your phone, paying with your face, and detecting intruders in your home.

• In the medical field also, we will find the wide application of AI. Doctors assess the patients and their health risks with the help of artificial machine intelligence. It educates them about the side effects of various medicines.
• Medical professionals are often trained with artificial surgery simulators. It finds a huge application in detecting and monitoring neurological disorders as it can simulate the brain functions.
• Robotics is often used in helping mental health patients to come out of depression and remain active.
• A popular application of artificial intelligence is radiosurgery. Radiosurgery is used in operating tumours and this can actually help in the operation without damaging the surrounding tissues.

Agriculture Sector:  AI can be utilised to predict advisories for sowing, pest control, input control = enable increased income and giving stability for the agricultural community . Image classification tools in addition to remote and locally sensed data can bring a revolutionary change in – utilisation and efficiency of farm machinery, weed removal, early disease identification, harvesting, and grading.

Business Sector:

• In order to take care of highly repetitive tasks – robotic automation is applied which perform faster, effortlessly and tirelessly than humans.
• Moreover, Machine learning algorithms are being integrated into analytics and CRM (Customer Relationship Management) platforms to provide better customer service. Chatbots being used in the websites to provide instant service to customers.
• Automation of job positions has also become a discussion point among academics and IT consultancies like Gartner and Forrester.

Education Sector:

• Artificial Intelligence can make certain educational processes automated like grading, rewarding marks, etc. thus giving educators more time.
• Furthermore, it can analyse students and adapt to their requirements so as to help them work at their own pace.
• AI can change where and how students learn, perhaps even replacing a few teachers.

Financial Sector:

• AI is applied to personal finance applications and could compile personal data and give financial advice. In fact, nowadays software trades more than humans in Wall Street.
• Detection of financial fraud uses artificial intelligence in a smart card-based system.

Legal Sector:  Automation can result in a faster resolution of pending cases by minimising the time taken while analyzing cases = better use of time and more efficient legal & judicial processes.

Manufacturing sector:  Robots are being utilised for manufacturing since a long time now but more advanced exponential technologies have emerged like additive manufacturing (3D Printing) which with the support of AI can revolutionize the whole manufacturing supply chain ecosystem.

Intelligent Robots:  Robots can do the tasks given by a human with the help of sensors to detect physical data from the real world like light, heat, temperature, movement, sound, bump, and pressure. Furthermore, they have effective processors, multiple sensors and enormous memory, to showcase intelligence. Also, they can learn from their errors and hence can adapt to the new environment.

Gaming: AI has a significant role in strategic games like chess, poker, tic-tac-toe, etc., where the machine can think of a huge number of possible positions according to heuristic rule (A set of rules intended to increase the probability of solving some problem).

Cyber Security : In the 20th conference on e-governance in India it was discussed that AI has the capability to strengthen cybersecurity ecosystem in India and should be explored further.

Smart Cities and Infrastructure: AI is used to monitor patronage and accordingly control associated systems such as pavement lighting, park maintenance, and other operational conditions = lead to cost savings + improving safety and accessibility.

Space sector: Intelligent robots are fed with information and are sent to explore space. Since they are machines with metal bodies, they are more resistant and have a higher ability to endure the space and hostile atmosphere. Because they are created in such a way that they cannot be modified or get disfigured or breakdown in a hostile environment.

Mining sector: Artificial intelligence and the science of robotics can be put to use in mining and other fuel exploration processes. Not only that, these complex machines can be used for exploring the ocean floor and hence overcome the human limitations.

Defence Sector: Artificial Intelligence (AI) based tools would aid the defence forces constructively in areas such as decision support, sensor data analysis, predictive maintenance, situational awareness, accurate data extraction, security, etc.  These tools will assist defence personnel in better operations, maintenance, and logistics support.

What are the concerns with the AI?

• Replacement of humans with machines can lead to large-scale unemployment. Unemployment is a socially undesirable phenomenon. People with nothing to do can lead to the destructive use of their creative minds.
• Humans can unnecessarily be highly dependent on the machines if the use of artificial intelligence becomes rampant. They will lose their creative power and will become lazy.
• Also, if humans start thinking in a destructive way, they can create havoc with these machines.

Robot bosses

• If you have an issue with your current human boss, be thankful that he isn’t a cold, emotionless machine because AI is already being used to monitor employee productivity.
• In what seems like the scary nightmares of a dystopian future, IBM’s Watson has been using AI and Watson Analytics to decide if employees are worthy of a pay rise, a bonus or a promotion by looking at the experience and past projects of employees to judge the qualities and skills that individuals might have to serve the company in the future.

Human error

• Although AI can virtually remove human error from processes, it can still exist in the code, along with bias and prejudice.
• Being largely algorithm-based, technology can be coded to have a negative impact on certain demographics and discriminate against people.
• For example, Microsoft’s ill-fated chatbot, Tay Tweets, had to be taken down after only 16 hours after it started to tweet racist and inflammatory content – ideas it repeated from other Twitter users.
• Worryingly, if security is not 100%, hackers can take advantage of AI’s thirst for knowledge.
• Creation of artificial intelligence requires huge costs as they are very complex machines. Their repair and maintenance require huge costs.
• They have software programs which need frequent up-gradation to cater to the needs of the changing environment and the need for the machines to be smarter by the day.
• In the case of severe breakdowns, the procedure to recover lost codes and reinstating the system might require huge time and cost.

Not ethical to replicate Humans:

• Intelligence is believed to be a gift of nature. Therefore an ethical argument continues, whether human intelligence is to be replicated or not.

Cannot replicate Humans:

• Machines do not have any emotions and moral values. They perform what is programmed and cannot make the judgment of right or wrong. They cannot take decisions if they encounter a situation unfamiliar to them. They either perform incorrectly or breakdown in such situations.
• Unlike humans, artificial intelligence cannot be improved with experience. With time, it can lead to wear and tear. It stores a lot of data but the way it can be accessed and used is very different from human intelligence.
• Machines are unable to alter their responses to changing environments.
• In the world of artificial intelligence, there is nothing like working with a whole heart or passionately. Care or concerns are not present in the machine intelligence dictionary. There is no sense of belonging or togetherness or a human touch. They fail to distinguish between a hardworking individual and an inefficient individual.

No Original Creativity:

• While the AI can help you design and create, they are no match to the power of thinking that the human brain has or even the originality of a creative mind.
• Human beings are highly sensitive and emotional intellectuals. They see, hear, think and feel. Their thoughts are guided by the feelings which completely lacks in machines. The inherent intuitive abilities of the human brain cannot be replicated.

Privacy & Security:

The increasing accessibility of facial-recognition technology has also increased concerns with respect to privacy, security, and civil liberties.

What is the global status of AI adoption?

• China and the U.K. estimate that by 2030, about 26% and 10% of their GDPs respectively will be sourced from AI­ related activities and businesses.
• There have been numerous activities regarding AI policy positions and the development of an AI ecosystem in various countries in recent years.
• Infrastructural supply-side initiatives have been planned by several countries for building a larger ecosystem of AI development.
• Even local/city governments have become increasingly aware of the significance and potential of AI and have committed public investments.
• For creating the future workforce for AI, countries are also significantly increasing the allocation of resources for Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths (STEM) talent development via investment in universities, mandating new courses (e.g., AI and law), and launching schemes to retrain people.
• AI technology development and applications are rapidly evolving with major implications for economies and societies. A study by EY and NASSCOM found that by 2022, about 46 percent of the workforce will be engaged in entirely new jobs.

What are the possible areas for AI applications in Indian conditions?

• India has the potential to position itself among leaders on the global AI map – with a unique brand of #AIforAll.
• It can complement Digital India Mission by helping in the big data analysis which is not possible without using AI.
• Targeted delivery of services, schemes, and subsidy can be further fine-tuned.
• Smart border surveillance and monitoring to enhance security
• Weather forecasting models may become proactive and therefore preplanning for any future mishaps such as floods, droughts and therefore addressing the farming crisis, farmer’s suicide, crop losses, etc.
• By analyzing big data of road safety data and NCRB (National Crime Record Bureau) data for crimes , new policies can be formulated.
• Disaster management can be faster and more accessible with the help of robots and intelligent machines.
• In the counterinsurgency and patrolling operations, we often hear the loss of CRPF jawans which can be minimized by using the robotic army and lesser human personnel.
• AI can be used to automate government processes , therefore, minimizing human interactions and maximizing transparency and accountability.
• It can be applied to study ancient literature upon medicines and therefore help in modernizing the health care with the juxtaposition of modern machines and ancient techniques.
• In the remotest areas where the last leg of governance is almost broken, AI can do the job. For Example: in the tribal areas and the hilly areas of the northeast.

What are the measures taken by the government to promote AI?

• A Task Force on Artificial Intelligence (AI) for India’s Economic Transformation was constituted on 24 th  August 2017.  The Task Force gave its report on 19 th  January 2018. It has recommended an Inter-Ministerial National Artificial Intelligence Mission to act as a nodal agency for coordinating AI related activities in India.
• NITI Aayog unveiled its discussion paper on national strategy on AI which seeks to guide research and development in new and emerging technologies. NITI has identified 5 sectors – healthcare , agriculture , education , smart cities and infrastructure , and transportation – to focus its efforts on the implementation of AI. The paper focusses on how India can leverage transformative technologies to ensure social and inclusive growth .
• Committee on platforms and data for AI,
• Committee on leveraging AI for identifying National Missions in key sectors,
• Committee on mapping technological capabilities, key policy enablers, skilling, re-skilling and R&D
• Committee on cybersecurity, safety, legal and ethical issues.
• Task Force created by the Ministry of Defence has studied research and innovation in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and outlined its adoption in defence sector including a future roadmap on how to integrate and embed AI strategy with a core defence strategy.
• In addition, the Defence Public Sector Undertakings and Ordnance Factories have been assigned a roadmap for developing AI-enabled products.
• Centre for artificial intelligence and robotics (CAIR), is the main laboratory of DRDO for research and development in various areas of defense, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and is located in Bangalore. It is involved in the Research & Development of high-quality Secure Communication, Command, and Control, and Intelligent Systems.
• Projects: NETRA- software to intercept online communication, SECOS- Secure operating system.
• India joined the league of leading countries including USA, UK, EU, Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Republic of Korea, Singapore to launch the Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence (GPAI or Gee-Pay) . GPAI is an international and multi-stakeholder initiative to guide the responsible development and use of AI in line with human rights, inclusion, diversity, innovation, and economic growth.

What are the challenges to India’s Artificial Intelligence Development?

• Lack of enabling ecosystems for data collection and usage.
• The low intensity of AI research.
• Insufficient availability of AI expertise, manpower and skilling opportunities.
• High resource cost and low awareness for adopting AI in business processes.
• Unclear privacy, security and ethical regulations.
• Unattractive Intellectual Property regime to incentivise research and adoption of AI.

What needs to be done?

• Incentivising the creation of jobs in AI fields that could constitute the new service industry.
• Recognition and standardisation of informal training institutions.
• Creation of open platforms for learning and financial incentives for reskilling of employees.
• The lack of qualified faculty that poses a serious problem in the present scenario can be addressed through innovative measures such as MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses).
• Acceptability and adoption of these decentralised teaching mechanisms can be ensured through prescribed certification in collaboration with the private sector and educational institutions.
• Additional investment and collaboration with the private sector and educational institutions in order to meet the market demand.
• To encourage the development of sustainable AI solutions at an appropriate price point for sectors such as health, education, and agriculture, it is necessary that a level playing field is ensured and an enabling environment be created for all players in the value chain.
• AI is a highly collaborative domain, and any framework aimed at promoting AI needs to be aligned accordingly. A multi­pronged approach, involving various stakeholders and promoting a collaborative approach is required for promoting the development of AI tools as well as the adoption of AI in various fields of activity.
• UNESCO’s Global Agreement on the Ethics of AI can guide governments and companies alike.

Way forward

Despite the threats and challenges, it would be foolish to argue that Artificial Intelligence (AI) is not the future and it’s only a matter of time that machines will replace most of the jobs. It is because AI is not the end of the road for humanity as we have a history of technological revolutions resulting in positive social and political changes in society such as steam engines, industrial revolutions and most recently the computers and internet. Nonetheless, there will be several opportunities in the fields not yet known and there will be more jobs to serve human needs.

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Add a method, remove a method, edit datasets, application of artificial intelligence in hand gesture recognition with virtual reality: survey and analysis of hand gesture hardware selection.

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The ongoing usage of artificial intelligence technologies in virtual reality has led to a large number of researchers exploring immersive virtual reality interaction. Gesture controllers and head-mounted displays are the primary pieces of hardware used in virtual reality applications. This article analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of various hardware tools as well as possible use cases for hand gesture recognition. Several popular data sets used in data pre-processing and hand gesture detection systems are also summarized. This paper's primary objectives are to evaluate the current state of the art in gesture recognition research and to offer potential routes for future study to guide researchers working on immersive virtual reality interaction. Comparing recent study results and taking into account the state of the development of human-computer interaction technology, a number of potential research directions are highlighted, including the following: input data noise should be filtered, a lightweight network should be designed, tactile feedback should be created, and eye and gesture data should be combined.

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What is cloud computing?

With cloud computing, organizations essentially buy a range of services offered by cloud service providers (CSPs). The CSP’s servers host all the client’s applications. Organizations can enhance their computing power more quickly and cheaply via the cloud than by purchasing, installing, and maintaining their own servers.

The cloud-computing model is helping organizations to scale new digital solutions with greater speed and agility—and to create value more quickly. Developers use cloud services to build and run custom applications and to maintain infrastructure and networks for companies of virtually all sizes—especially large global ones. CSPs offer services, such as analytics, to handle and manipulate vast amounts of data. Time to market accelerates, speeding innovation to deliver better products and services across the world.

What are examples of cloud computing’s uses?

Get to know and directly engage with senior mckinsey experts on cloud computing.

Brant Carson is a senior partner in McKinsey’s Vancouver office; Chandra Gnanasambandam and Anand Swaminathan are senior partners in the Bay Area office; William Forrest is a senior partner in the Chicago office; Leandro Santos is a senior partner in the Atlanta office; Kate Smaje is a senior partner in the London office.

Cloud computing came on the scene well before the global pandemic hit, in 2020, but the ensuing digital dash  helped demonstrate its power and utility. Here are some examples of how businesses and other organizations employ the cloud:

• A fast-casual restaurant chain’s online orders multiplied exponentially during the 2020 pandemic lockdowns, climbing to 400,000 a day, from 50,000. One pleasant surprise? The company’s online-ordering system could handle the volume—because it had already migrated to the cloud . Thanks to this success, the organization’s leadership decided to accelerate its five-year migration plan to less than one year.
• A biotech company harnessed cloud computing to deliver the first clinical batch of a COVID-19 vaccine candidate for Phase I trials in just 42 days—thanks in part to breakthrough innovations using scalable cloud data storage and computing  to facilitate processes ensuring the drug’s safety and efficacy.
• Banks use the cloud for several aspects of customer-service management. They automate transaction calls using voice recognition algorithms and cognitive agents (AI-based online self-service assistants directing customers to helpful information or to a human representative when necessary). In fraud and debt analytics, cloud solutions enhance the predictive power of traditional early-warning systems. To reduce churn, they encourage customer loyalty through holistic retention programs managed entirely in the cloud.
• Automakers are also along for the cloud ride . One company uses a common cloud platform that serves 124 plants, 500 warehouses, and 1,500 suppliers to consolidate real-time data from machines and systems and to track logistics and offer insights on shop floor processes. Use of the cloud could shave 30 percent off factory costs by 2025—and spark innovation at the same time.

That’s not to mention experiences we all take for granted: using apps on a smartphone, streaming shows and movies, participating in videoconferences. All of these things can happen in the cloud.

Learn more about our Cloud by McKinsey , Digital McKinsey , and Technology, Media, & Telecommunications  practices.

How has cloud computing evolved?

Going back a few years, legacy infrastructure dominated IT-hosting budgets. Enterprises planned to move a mere 45 percent of their IT-hosting expenditures to the cloud by 2021. Enter COVID-19, and 65 percent of the decision makers surveyed by McKinsey increased their cloud budgets . An additional 55 percent ended up moving more workloads than initially planned. Having witnessed the cloud’s benefits firsthand, 40 percent of companies expect to pick up the pace of implementation.

The cloud revolution has actually been going on for years—more than 20, if you think the takeoff point was the founding of Salesforce, widely seen as the first software as a service (SaaS) company. Today, the next generation of cloud, including capabilities such as serverless computing, makes it easier for software developers to tweak software functions independently, accelerating the pace of release, and to do so more efficiently. Businesses can therefore serve customers and launch products in a more agile fashion. And the cloud continues to evolve.

Introducing McKinsey Explainers : Direct answers to complex questions

Cost savings are commonly seen as the primary reason for moving to the cloud but managing those costs requires a different and more dynamic approach focused on OpEx rather than CapEx. Financial-operations (or FinOps) capabilities  can indeed enable the continuous management and optimization of cloud costs . But CSPs have developed their offerings so that the cloud’s greatest value opportunity is primarily through business innovation and optimization. In 2020, the top-three CSPs reached $100 billion  in combined revenues—a minor share of the global $2.4 trillion market for enterprise IT services—leaving huge value to be captured. To go beyond merely realizing cost savings, companies must activate three symbiotic rings of cloud value creation : strategy and management, business domain adoption, and foundational capabilities.

What’s the main reason to move to the cloud?

The pandemic demonstrated that the digital transformation can no longer be delayed—and can happen much more quickly than previously imagined. Nothing is more critical to a corporate digital transformation than becoming a cloud-first business. The benefits are faster time to market, simplified innovation and scalability, and reduced risk when effectively managed. The cloud lets companies provide customers with novel digital experiences—in days, not months—and delivers analytics absent on legacy platforms. But to transition to a cloud-first operating model, organizations must make a collective effort that starts at the top. Here are three actions CEOs can take to increase the value their companies get from cloud computing :

• Establish a sustainable funding model.
• Develop a new business technology operating model.
• Set up policies to attract and retain the right engineering talent.

How much value will the cloud create?

Fortune 500 companies adopting the cloud could realize more than $1 trillion in value  by 2030, and not from IT cost reductions alone, according to McKinsey’s analysis of 700 use cases.

For example, the cloud speeds up design, build, and ramp-up, shortening time to market when companies have strong DevOps (the combination of development and operations) processes in place; groups of software developers customize and deploy software for operations that support the business. The cloud’s global infrastructure lets companies scale products almost instantly to reach new customers, geographies, and channels. Finally, digital-first companies use the cloud to adopt emerging technologies and innovate aggressively, using digital capabilities as a competitive differentiator to launch and build businesses .

If companies pursue the cloud’s vast potential in the right ways, they will realize huge value. Companies across diverse industries have implemented the public cloud and seen promising results. The successful ones defined a value-oriented strategy across IT and the business, acquired hands-on experience operating in the cloud, adopted a technology-first approach, and developed a cloud-literate workforce.

Learn more about our Cloud by McKinsey and Digital McKinsey practices.

What is the cloud cost/procurement model?

Some cloud services, such as server space, are leased. Leasing requires much less capital up front than buying, offers greater flexibility to switch and expand the use of services, cuts the basic cost of buying hardware and software upfront, and reduces the difficulties of upkeep and ownership. Organizations pay only for the infrastructure and computing services that meet their evolving needs. But an outsourcing model  is more apt than other analogies: the computing business issues of cloud customers are addressed by third-party providers that deliver innovative computing services on demand to a wide variety of customers, adapt those services to fit specific needs, and work to constantly improve the offering.

What are cloud risks?

The cloud offers huge cost savings and potential for innovation. However, when companies migrate to the cloud, the simple lift-and-shift approach doesn’t reduce costs, so companies must remediate their existing applications to take advantage of cloud services.

For instance, a major financial-services organization  wanted to move more than 50 percent of its applications to the public cloud within five years. Its goals were to improve resiliency, time to market, and productivity. But not all its business units needed to transition at the same pace. The IT leadership therefore defined varying adoption archetypes to meet each unit’s technical, risk, and operating-model needs.

Legacy cybersecurity architectures and operating models can also pose problems when companies shift to the cloud. The resulting problems, however, involve misconfigurations rather than inherent cloud security vulnerabilities. One powerful solution? Securing cloud workloads for speed and agility : automated security architectures and processes enable workloads to be processed at a much faster tempo.

What kind of cloud talent is needed?

The talent demands of the cloud differ from those of legacy IT. While cloud computing can improve the productivity of your technology, it requires specialized and sometimes hard-to-find talent—including full-stack developers, data engineers, cloud-security engineers, identity- and access-management specialists, and cloud engineers. The cloud talent model  should thus be revisited as you move forward.

Six practical actions can help your organization build the cloud talent you need :

• Find engineering talent with broad experience and skills.
• Balance talent maturity levels and the composition of teams.
• Build an extensive and mandatory upskilling program focused on need.
• Build an engineering culture that optimizes the developer experience.
• Consider using partners to accelerate development and assign your best cloud leaders as owners.
• Retain top talent by focusing on what motivates them.

How do different industries use the cloud?

Different industries are expected to see dramatically different benefits from the cloud. High-tech, retail, and healthcare organizations occupy the top end of the value capture continuum. Electronics and semiconductors, consumer-packaged-goods, and media companies make up the middle. Materials, chemicals, and infrastructure organizations cluster at the lower end.

Nevertheless, myriad use cases provide opportunities to unlock value across industries , as the following examples show:

• a retailer enhancing omnichannel  fulfillment, using AI to optimize inventory across channels and to provide a seamless customer experience
• a healthcare organization implementing remote heath monitoring to conduct virtual trials and improve adherence
• a high-tech company using chatbots to provide premier-level support combining phone, email, and chat
• an oil and gas company employing automated forecasting to automate supply-and-demand modeling and reduce the need for manual analysis
• a financial-services organization implementing customer call optimization using real-time voice recognition algorithms to direct customers in distress to experienced representatives for retention offers
• a financial-services provider moving applications in customer-facing business domains to the public cloud to penetrate promising markets more quickly and at minimal cost
• a health insurance carrier accelerating the capture of billions of dollars in new revenues by moving systems to the cloud to interact with providers through easier onboarding

The cloud is evolving  to meet the industry-specific needs of companies. From 2021 to 2024, public-cloud spending on vertical applications (such as warehouse management in retailing and enterprise risk management in banking) is expected to grow by more than 40 percent annually. Spending on horizontal workloads (such as customer relationship management) is expected to grow by 25 percent. Healthcare and manufacturing organizations, for instance, plan to spend around twice as much on vertical applications as on horizontal ones.

Learn more about our Cloud by McKinsey , Digital McKinsey , Financial Services , Healthcare Systems & Services , Retail , and Technology, Media, & Telecommunications  practices.

What are the biggest cloud myths?

Views on cloud computing can be clouded by misconceptions. Here are seven common myths about the cloud —all of which can be debunked:

• The cloud’s value lies primarily in reducing costs.
• Cloud computing costs more than in-house computing.
• On-premises data centers are more secure than the cloud.
• Applications run more slowly in the cloud.
• The cloud eliminates the need for infrastructure.
• The best way to move to the cloud is to focus on applications or data centers.
• You must lift and shift applications as-is or totally refactor them.

How large must my organization be to benefit from the cloud?

Here’s one more huge misconception: the cloud is just for big multinational companies. In fact, cloud can help make small local companies become multinational. A company’s benefits from implementing the cloud are not constrained by its size. In fact, the cloud shifts barrier to entry skill rather than scale, making it possible for a company of any size to compete if it has people with the right skills. With cloud, highly skilled small companies can take on established competitors. To realize the cloud’s immense potential value fully, organizations must take a thoughtful approach, with IT and the businesses working together.

For more in-depth exploration of these topics, see McKinsey’s Cloud Insights collection. Learn more about Cloud by McKinsey —and check out cloud-related job opportunities if you’re interested in working at McKinsey.

Articles referenced include:

• “ Six practical actions for building the cloud talent you need ,” January 19, 2022, Brant Carson , Dorian Gärtner , Keerthi Iyengar, Anand Swaminathan , and Wayne Vest
• “ Cloud-migration opportunity: Business value grows, but missteps abound ,” October 12, 2021, Tara Balakrishnan, Chandra Gnanasambandam , Leandro Santos , and Bhargs Srivathsan
• “ Cloud’s trillion-dollar prize is up for grabs ,” February 26, 2021, Will Forrest , Mark Gu, James Kaplan , Michael Liebow, Raghav Sharma, Kate Smaje , and Steve Van Kuiken
• “ Unlocking value: Four lessons in cloud sourcing and consumption ,” November 2, 2020, Abhi Bhatnagar , Will Forrest , Naufal Khan , and Abdallah Salami
• “ Three actions CEOs can take to get value from cloud computing ,” July 21, 2020, Chhavi Arora , Tanguy Catlin , Will Forrest , James Kaplan , and Lars Vinter

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How A.I. Has Changed Music, and What’s Coming Next

Artificial intelligence has become the dominant disrupter to music creation and distribution. and it’s only getting started..

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Whether you know it or not, you’ve likely encountered A.I. — artificial intelligence — in your music consumption over the past year. Maybe it was Ghostwriter releasing a song with a fake “Drake” and “the Weeknd” in collaboration that took over the internet last year. Or maybe it was Drake himself rapping as “Tupac” and “Snoop Dogg” during the recent Kendrick Lamar beef . Or maybe it was a new track by the country superstar Randy Travis, who suffered a stroke in 2013, and hasn’t sung a song since.

In these ways and more, A.I. has become the dominant disrupter to music creation and distribution. And those use cases are merely the tip of the iceberg — A.I. is being used in playlisting, demo recording, and in the case of two hyped startups, Suno and Udio, consumer-level music-making.

On this week’s Popcast, a conversation about the ways in which A.I. has been deployed by musicians, the legal and philosophical questions it generates, and the sub rosa ways A.I. companies hope to weave their products into the music production and consumption of the future.

Rachel Metz, who covers A.I. for Bloomberg

Kristin Robinson, who covers the music business for Billboard

Connect With Popcast. Become a part of the Popcast community: Join the show’s Facebook group and Discord channel . We want to hear from you! Tune in, and tell us what you think at [email protected] . Follow our host, Jon Caramanica, on Twitter: @joncaramanica .