motor car experiment

Make a DIY Mini Electric Car

Project Time: 30-45 minutes

Using everyday and recycled materials, you can create this battery powered car.

Learn how to create a simple circuit using a DC motor, AA batteries and a switch.

Materials Needed

You can use almost any container for the body of this car. From boxes to bottles, this is a project that makes recycling fun.

DIY mini electric battery car stem science fair project

You will need the following materials to make this car:

Bottle Caps
Wooden Skewers/Dowels
AA Battery Holder
Plastic Pulleys (shown in white)
Rubber Band

DIY mini electric battery car stem science fair project materials

Tools Needed

You don’t need a lot of tools for this project but you will need a few essentials.

Razor Blade or Craft Knife
Wire Strippers
Hot Glue Gun or Super Glue

Using a hot glue gun is recommended but you can also use Super Glue if you choose.

simple electric propeller car hot glue gun

Step 1 – Add Straws

Flip the box over and glue two straws to the bottom. Make sure they are as straight as possible.

Step 2 – Cut The Axles

Next, you need to insert your wooden skewers or dowel rods into the straws. Leave about an inch sticking out on all sides.

Step 3 – Prep The Wheels

Just like with the car body, you can use a wide variety of items for the wheels. If it’s round it probably will work just fine. For this project we are using a sports drink bottle and will be cutting off the bottom. Bottle caps would work equally well.

Once you have the wheels ready, you will need to drill a hole in the center. Determine the diameter of your skewers or dowel rods and drill the hole the same size.

Step 4 – Attach The Wheels

Attach (3) wheels to the axles and then use hot glue to secure. Make sure you hold the wheels straight and vertical while the hot glue cools down. Leave the last wheel off until step 6.

Trim the excess axle using tin snips or other cutter. Make sure to wear eye protection as these small pieces tend to fly when they’re cut.

Step 5 – Prep The Pulley

You will need 2 plastic pulleys and a rubber band to make this car move. The size of the pulleys aren’t extremely important. We used a 1/2 inch pulley for the motor and a 2 inch pulley for the axle.

Try doing experiments and see what happens when you use different size pulleys.

Determine the diameter of your axle (wooden skewer) and drill a hole the same size into the middle of the large pulley.

Step 6 – Attach The Pulley

Slide the large pulley onto the axle where the fourth wheel will be located.

Use hot glue and secure the pulley to the axle making sure it stays straight and vertical while drying.

Step 7 – Attach The Final Wheel

Just like with the pulley and other 3 wheels, slide the last wheel onto the axle and use hot glue to secure.

Step 8 – Attach The Battery Holder

Flip the car over and make sure it rolls without any issues. Glue the battery holder to the side of the box that has no pulley on the axle.

Step 9 – Mount The Motor

Place the small pulley onto the shaft of the motor.

Connect the rubber band to the axle and motor pulley. Make sure the motor pulley is lined up straight above the axle pulley and then glue the motor in place.

Be sure to have the terminals of the motor facing up.

Step 10 – Wire The Motor

Connect the black wire from the battery holder to one of the terminals on the motor.

Step 11 – Add The Switch

Connect the red wire from the battery holder to the other terminal on the motor. Twist the wire to secure it.

Cut the red wire in half and strip both ends.

Connect the red wire from the battery holder to the middle hole on the switch.

Connect the red wire from the motor to the hole on the end of the switch.

Glue the switch and any loose wires to the box. If you want a more permanent connection, you can solder the wires in place.

All that’s left to do is add batteries, flip the switch and race your friends. Have fun !

Try experimenting with new car designs using different materials. See what you can do to make the car go faster and straighter.

Show us your project

Tweet us at @Makerspaces_com and show us how your car turned out. We love seeing your projects.

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INSTRUCTIONS:

Wrap the wire around a circular object (like the battery, or better yet, a pen or pencil) and then slide it off to create a small coil (diameter ~1 cm), leaving the two ends sticking out as shown in Figures 1 and 2. We next need to remove the insulation from part of the ends. On one end, sand off the coating all the way around the wire. On the other end, sand the bottom side of the wire only.

Next, assemble the motor as shown in Figure 3. The safety pins are attached to the battery with the rubber band and the wire coil ends go through the holes in the ends of the safety pins. Here, we used a little sticky putty to hold the battery still on the table. Put the magnet on top of the battery, under the coil. Give your coil a little spin, and it should continue to spin on its own. (If it doesn't work, try spinning it the opposite direction.) You've made a motor!

EXPLANATION:

When electricity is passed through a wire coil (as you are doing when you connect the coil to the battery), you create an electromagnetic field, which pushes the coil away from the magnet. 1,2 When you give the coil a spin, since one side of the wire is insulated, you break the circuit briefly, so the coil continues to rotate using its momentum. When the circuit is complete again, the magnetic field once again repels the coil, so it keeps spinning. The motor can continue to spin until the battery is dead!

Figure 1 - Wrap the coil around a circular object like a marker.

An electrical current through any conductor creates a magnetic field. This was discovered (some say by accident) by Hans Christian Oersted in 1820 when he noticed a nearby compass needle was deflected when he turned on his electrical equipment. You can see the same effect with your coil circuit and a compass. 1,2

Wrapping the wire into a coil increases the strength of the magnetic field, so long as the moment of inertia remains small.

The principles that allow this motor to work are the same ones that govern all motors. These motors all turn electromagnetic energy into kinetic energy. Generators work the opposite way, by turning kinetic energy into electromagnetic energy (and in fact, you can turn motors into generators and vice versa, although sometimes it takes a little work).

COMMON QUESTIONS TO EXPECT:

Why isn't it working? This relatively simple motor can take some patience. The answer to this most common question could be a number of issues. Try some troubleshooting:

Make sure your safety pins have good contact with the battery terminals.

Make sure you didn't sand off too much of the wire insulation—one end needs to have enough insulation on one side that the circuit is broken as the coil spins.
If the coil is leaning too far to one side, you may need to rewrap it so it's more symmetrical.
Try spinning the coil the other direction.

LEARN MORE:

Instructions for building an even simpler motor using a battery, a magnet, wire, and a drywall screw can be found here. Watch out with this one, and use eye protection as the screw could go flying. http://www.evilmadscientist.com/2006/how-to-make-the-simplest-electric-motor/ Instructions for building a more advanced motor that doesn't require a push to get started can be found in The Physics Teacher, the journal from AAPT, “Development of a New Method for Assembling a Bipolar DC Motor as a Teaching Material.” https://aapt.scitation.org/doi/10.1119/1.4981037

R. P. Feynman, R. B. Leighton, and L. L. Sands, The Feynman Lectures, vol. 1 (Addison-Wesley, 1963-1965), chapter 16.
R. D. Knight, B. Jones, and S. Field, College Physics, 3rd ed. (Pearson, San Francisco, CA, 2014).

Build a Simple Motor + Video

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See for yourself how the forces of electricity and magnetism can work together by building a simple DC electric motor using simple materials you can find in any hardware store!

Electricity and magnetism are both forces caused by the movement of tiny charged particles that make up atoms, the building blocks of all matter. When a wire is hooked up to a battery, current flows through the wire because negatively charged electrons flow from the negative terminal of the battery toward the positive terminal of the battery because opposite charges attract each other, while similar charges repel each other. This flow of electrons through the wire is an electric current, and it produces a magnetic field.

In a magnet, atoms are lined up so that the negatively charged electrons are all spinning in the same direction. Like an electric current, the movement of the electrons creates a magnetic force. The area around the magnet where the force is active is called a magnetic field. Metal objects and other magnets that enter this field will be pulled toward the magnet.

The way the atoms are lined up creates two different poles in the magnet, a north pole and a south pole. As with electrical charges, opposite poles attract each other, while like poles repel each other.

Learn about electromagnetism and its many uses here .

Now let's watch it work as we build a motor. (Note: This science project requires adult supervision.)

What You Need to Make a DIY Motor with Magnets

Insulated copper wire or magnet wire
Black permanent marker (such as a Sharpie)
Small neodymium disc magnets
D-cell battery
Battery holder (sticky tack or modeling clay can be used instead)
Large rubber band (not needed if using a battery holder)
2 large paperclips
Pen or pencil

How to Build a Simple Electric Motor

To make a bundle, wrap the ends of the wire several times around the loops to hold them in place. Position the ends so they are directly across from each other and extending out in a straight line on either side of the bundle, to form an axle. What you just made is called the armature .
Hold the wire bundle you have made so that it would be flat against a wall, rather than a table, and color the top side of each wire end using the marker. Leave the bottom side of each wire bare.
Carefully bend each paperclip, forming a small loop by wrapping one end around a small object such as a pencil or pen. Thick wire and pliers may be used instead of a paper clip if you want. Be sure to use caution when using the pliers.
If you are using a battery holder, attach a paper clip to either side and insert the battery. If you don’t have a battery holder, wrap the rubber band tightly around the length of the battery. Insert the paper clips so each one is touching one of the terminals, and they are securely held by the rubber band. Attach the curved side of the battery firmly to a table or other flat surface using clay or sticky tack.
Set one neodymium magnet on top of the battery, in the center. Position the armature in the paper clip loops, with the shiny, uncolored side touching the paper clips. Make sure it doesn’t touch the magnet.
If your motor doesn’t start immediately, try giving it a start by spinning the wire bundle. Since the motor will only spin in one direction, try spinning it both ways.
If your motor still is not working, make sure that the paper clips are securely attached to the battery terminals. You may also need to adjust the insulated wire so both ends are straight, and the bundle you have made is neat, with the wire ends directly opposite of each other.
With the motor spinning, hold up the other magnet, above the armature. As you move it closer, what happens? Turn the magnet over and try again to see what happens.

What Happened:

The armature is a temporary magnet, getting its force from the electrical current in the battery. The neodymium magnet is permanent, meaning that it will always have two poles, and cannot lose its force.

These two forces – electricity and magnetism – work together to spin the motor. The poles of the permanent magnet repel the poles of the temporary magnet, causing the armature to rotate one-half turn. After a half-turn, the insulated side of the wire (the part you colored with a permanent marker) contacts the paper clips, stopping the electric current. The force of gravity finishes the turn of the armature until the bare side is touching again and the process starts over.

The motor you created uses direct current, or DC, to rotate the armature. The magnetic force is only able to flow in one direction, so the motor spins in only one direction. AC, or alternating current, uses the same principle of electron flow, but the pole is rotating rather than in one place. AC motors are often more complex than DC motors, like the simple one you were able to make. Unlike a fixed DC motor, AC motors can switch the direction of rotation.

(The DC motor you made is only able to spin in one direction because its direction is determined by the poles of the permanent magnet. If you turn the magnet over, so the other pole is facing up, it will change the direction the motor spins.)

When you held the second magnet over the top of the armature, it either stopped or made the motor rotate more rapidly. If it stopped, it’s because the pole was in the opposite direction of the first magnet, in a sense canceling out the rotation of the armature. If it moves faster, the same poles of the first and second magnets, which repel each other, work to spin the armature more quickly than with only one magnet.

Building Bigger, Faster Motors

Experiment with batteries of higher voltage, as well as more powerful magnets. You can also try using ceramic magnets. One design we found worked well was to set the armature over 4 ceramic ring magnets and connect the supporting paperclips to a 6V battery.

You can also try increasing the size of the armature, and how many coils there are, to make a stronger electromagnet. When using batteries of higher voltage, and bare wires, be very careful. The circuit can emit enough heat to cause a burn if the wire is held too long.

More Electricity Science Projects:

These experiments are perfect for science fair projects or to continue learning about electricity and magnetism at home.

Electromagnetism Experiments
Electricity Experiments (including making a homemade battery!)
Make a Light Bulb

Motors, Motors, Everywhere!

Without motors, your house would be without electricity! AC motors are essential for power plant generators that supply us with electricity.

Many small motors can be found in cars for power windows, heating, cooling fans, and windshield wipers. Motors can also be found all around the house, especially for slow-moving, high-torque functions .

Kitchen appliances like blenders and mixers turn electricity into mechanical energy by using electric motors. Most washer and dryer machines use an AC motor to be able to spin in either direction. Small DC motors can be found in DVD or CD players, and the disk drive of a computer. The vibrator in your cell phone also works because of a tiny DC motor.

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10 Self-Propelled Car Projects

Welcome to Make It Move STEM challenges! These engineering projects for STEM are all about things that go, move, fly, bounce, spin, and more. Use the materials you have on hand to invent your own simple machines designed to move in some way, shape, or form. Get ready to design, engineer, test, and re-test your things that move with the following STEM activities for kids.

Build A Self-Propelled Car For STEM

Get ready to raid your recycling bin, check out the junk drawers, and even break out your LEGO stash if you haven’t already from for our LEGO building ideas .

Our STEM projects are designed with you, the parent or teacher, in mind! Easy to set up, quick to do, most activities will take only 15 to 30 minutes to complete and are heaps of fun! Plus, our supplies lists usually contain only free or cheap materials you can source from home!

Here you can make your own car from a combination of simple household items. Come up with your own car designs, or try ours below!

From balloons, rubber bands, gravity and more, these self-propelled vehicle STEM activities will be tons of fun for elementary and older. Lets get started!

Get your FREE printable balloon car project!

5 Tips For Kids To Design A Self-Propelled Vehicle

Designing a self-propelled car can be a fun project for kids. Here are five tips to help kids design their own STEM car:

TIP 1: Gather Materials

Collect materials like cardboard, plastic bottles, rubber bands, straws, paper clips, and small wheels. Look for items that can be recycled or repurposed to reduce waste and encourage eco-friendly design. See our STEM supplies list for more ideas!

TIP 2: Understand Basic Physics

Explain the basic principles of propulsion to kids, such as the idea that energy from a source (like a rubber band) can be transferred to the wheels to make the car move. Encourage kids to think about how different mechanisms can transfer energy efficiently.

TIP 3: Plan and Sketch

Have kids sketch their car design on paper before building it. This helps them visualize their ideas and make a plan. Ask them to label key components like the wheels, axles, and the mechanism they will use to make it move.

TIP 4: Experiment and Improve

Emphasize the importance of trial and error. Kids may need to try different designs and make adjustments to improve their car’s performance. Encourage them to test their car multiple times and make changes based on what they observe. This is all about the engineering design process!

TIP 5: Encourage Creativity

Allow kids to be creative in their designs. They can paint and decorate their cars to make them unique and visually appealing.

Bonus Tip: Consider organizing a self-propelled car design competition among kids, where they can showcase their creations and test them in races or challenges. This can add an element of excitement and friendly competition to the project.

Amazing Self-Propelled Vehicles To Make

Click on the links below to learn more about each STEM car idea, including step by step instructions and full supply list.

Balloon Powered Car

I am sure there are many ways for you to create a balloon car of your own. One way is to make a balloon car from cardboard.

LEGO Balloon Car

This Lego balloon car is easy to build and super fun to play with for all ages!

LEGO Rubber Band Car

How about making it move with a rubber band? Can a rubber band really make a car go fast? Find out how fast it can go with this fun rubber band car STEM challenge!

Rubber Band Car

If you don’t have LEGO, we also created a rubber band car with simple household items.

DIY Paddle Boat

Make a paddle boat that moves through the water! This is a fantastic STEM challenge for young kids and older ones, too. Explore forces in motion with this simple DIY paddle boat activity.

Wind Powered Car

You can also harness the power of the wind (or a floor fan) to make something move. How can you design and build a car that will move with the breeze created by a fan?

Don’t have a fan? Make a paper fan or blow through a straw. However, you make “wind” is up to you.

Make a robot car with a simple robot kit.

Robot kits are awesome to play and learn with! Find out how to make a robot car for a fun engineering project for all ages. It’s easier than you think!

Magnet Powered Car

Can you drive a car with a magnet? Give it a try! We had great fun building these simple LEGO cars that we could drive around with magnets while figuring out how magnets work! All you need is a car design and bar magnets.

More Fun Things That Move

You can think even simpler with easy STEM ideas! Make a boat that floats, a car that moves when pushed, or a plane that flies the farthest . Things that go don’t have to be complicated! Set a challenge for the day and you will have awesome STEM activities to keep your kids busy!

A hovercraft is also known as an air cushion vehicle or AVC because it can glide over a smooth surface by hovering on an air cushion. Can you make a homemade hovercraft that hovers? Learn about how the hovercraft works and build a mini hovercraft at home or in the classroom from simple supplies.

Do you have kids who love things that go pop, fizz, and bang? Take a simple chemical reaction and turn it into something that moves! You could try…

Balloon Rocket

Explore Newton’s Laws of Motion with a simple set-up balloon rocket physics demonstration. Why not set up two and race the balloon rockets?

Set up a fun toy zip line that moves with gravity and create a vehicle for a mini-figure to ride along it in!

What Is STEM For Kids?

So you might ask, what does STEM actually stand for? STEM is science, technology, engineering, and math. The most important thing you can take away from this, is that STEM is for everyone!

Yes, kids of all ages can work on STEM projects and enjoy STEM lessons. STEM activities are great for group work, too!

STEM is everywhere! Just look around. The simple fact that STEM surrounds us is why it’s so important for kids to be a part of, use, and understand STEM.

Interested in STEM plus ART? Check out all our STEAM Activities!

From the buildings you see in town, the bridges that connect places, the computers we use, the software programs that go with them, and compasses for navigation, STEM is what makes it all possible.

Helpful STEM Resources To Get You Started

Here are a few resources that will help you introduce STEM more effectively to your kiddos or students and feel confident yourself when presenting materials. You’ll find helpful free printables throughout.

Engineering Design Process Explained
What Is An Engineer
Engineering Vocab
Real World STEM
Questions for Reflection (get them talking about it!)
Must Have STEM Supplies List
Join us in the Club

Turn It Into A Science Project

Science projects are an excellent tool for older kiddos to show what they know about science! Plus, they can be used in all sorts of environments including classrooms, homeschool, and groups.

Kids can take everything they have learned about using the scientific method , stating a hypothesis, choosing variables , making observations and analyzing and presenting data.

Want to turn one of these experiments into an awesome science fair project? Check out these helpful resources.

Science Project Tips From A Teacher
Science Fair Board Ideas
Easy Science Fair Projects

Printable STEM Activities Pack for Kids

💡 Find all the directions for the projects in this article and more! 80+ Doable Engineering Projects in one convenient pack!

Full instructions with sample images
Activity-specific instruction sheets
Data Collection Sheets
Questions for Reflection
Architecture Building Cards: Try the tallest tower challenge
Bridge Building Cards: Explore different types of bridges to build your own.
Paper Chain STEM Challenge: Who can make the longest chain? Great icebreaker or quick challenge!
3 Little Pigs Architectural Pack: Design a house that won’t blow away!
Great marshmallow challenge: A classic challenge kids love!
Real-world STEM challenge lesson but don’t know where to start? Our easy-to-follow template shows the steps!
What’s the difference between a scientist and an engineer?
Crossword and word search with engineering vocabulary.
Engineering vocabulary cards
Design a one-of-a-kind invention and write about it with this 5-page activity!

Awesome post! 🙂 Thanks for sharing some of my ideas!

Pingback: Simple Physics Experiments For Kids | Little Bins for Little Hands

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~ projects to try now ~.

Electric Car With Fan Science Project at Home

Introduction: Electric Car With Fan Science Project at Home

Wheels with Bearing
Electric tape
Double Tape
Clamp for motor
Screw and nutStraw
Bread Board
Crocodile clips with R/B wires
SwitchResistors
Snap Connector
Connecting R/B wires
Screw Driver
Wire Cutter/Stripper Scissors
Paper Cutter

Step 1: Setting Up the Motor on Bread Board

Place the motor inside the steel clamp.
Now place the motor along with the clamp on the two holes in the bread board and insert the screws.
Attach the screws with nuts at the back and also attach the fan to the shaft of the motor.
Move the motor away from the board and make sure its movement is not obstructed and the fan moves freely.
Fix the motor position at that point and remove the fan.
Tighten the screws using a screw driver.
Now mark positive and negative at the front end of the bread board.

Experiment Priniciple of the Electric Car Experiments is Explained Here (Click the Link)

Step 2: Connect the LED Lights to the Car Base (Bread Board)

Then insert the negative terminal of the LED in A3 and the positive terminal in the first terminal of the positive line.
Similarly, insert the other LED.
Insert the positive terminal in J3 and the negative terminal in the first terminal of the negative line.
Measure the red wire to length of 6cm and cut it using the wire cutter.
Similarly, cut a length of black wire measuring 6cm and a red wire measuring 3cm.
Using a wire stripper, strip the ends of all the wires.
Now bend all the wires in the perpendicular direction using a forceps.
Now insert one end of the black wire in the negative line adjacent to the LED terminal and insert the other end of the wire next to the negative terminal of the other LED.
Now insert one end of the red wire in the positive line adjacent to the LED terminal and insert the other end of the wire next to the positive terminal of the other LED.
Cut a part (2cm) of double sided tape and stick it on the battery.

Experiment Priniciple of the Electric Car Experiments is Explained Here ( Click the Link )

Step 3: Connect the LED Lights to the Car Base (Bread Board) - Continued

Remove the tape and affix the battery between the LEDs and make sure the rear end is about 1 cm outside the bread board.
Connect the crocodile clips to the motor and insert the wires into the straw and bend it slightly.
Mark a (+), (-) and (- -) and connect the black wire to the (-) terminal.
Now take the snap connector and insert the red wire in D28 and insert the switch between B27-B29 & D27-D29
Insert the black wire of the snap connector with the resistor.

Step 4: Fix the Battery ( Source of Power) and Connector

Insert the short red wire in A29 and in the positive line and insert the red wire coming from the motor also in the positive line.
Connect the snap connector with the battery and your connections are done.

Step 5: Fix the Tyres of the Car and the Fan

Now measure 12 cm from the pointy end of the skewer and cut the skewers at the 12 cm mark and using a paper cutter, trim the other end of the skewers to make it pointy too.
Repeat this for all ends for both the skewers.
Take out the two tubes of Araldite.
Pour small and equal amounts from each tube and mix it with the skewer and make a paste.
Apply the paste on top of the pointy skewers and insert and attach the wheel.
Repeat this for all the wheels and your axles are ready!
Place the axles in such a way that it is about 4 cm away from the edge of the bread board and attach the wheels with electrical tape.
Attach the fan and press the switch to see your car move!

Step 6: Get Ready to Drive Your Car With Fan

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Science Fair Project Ideas for Kids, Middle & High School Students ⋅

Toy Car Experiments

Toy cars and a few common tools are all you need for these science experiments.

Science Projects on Amusement Park Rides

Toy cars aren't just fun to play with. They're perfect vehicles for a wide variety of science experiments, which can tell you a lot about things like energy, inertia, momentum, friction and vectors. Each experiment will require tools in addition to the toy cars, but there's a huge amount you can learn—and then you can go back to racing. These experiments are scientific, which means they involve measuring times, distances, weights and other variables.

Potential and Kinetic Energy

Set up a basic ramp against a chair, on top of some books, or from a table to the floor. Hold the car at the top of the ramp, and release to demonstrate the two main kinds of energy. Potential energy is placed into the car when it's lifted from the floor, and that energy is released as the car rolls down the ramp. Ramps should be made of a solid, smooth and rigid material such as wood or plywood.

Using the ramp from earlier, you can make a more interesting experiment by placing some things at the bottom. Drop the car from the top of the ramp again, and measure how far it rolls this time. Now, place a sheet of card stock at the bottom of the ramp, and let the car roll over that. Measure the distance it rolls. Place some sandpaper on top of the card stock, release the car, and measure that distance. Finally, try it with some carpet at the bottom. You've now learned something about friction: the card stock has a lot less friction than the carpet, so the car should be able to roll farther.

Place a heavy stack of books a few feet from the end of the ramp, so that the car hits those books when it rolls from the top down. Demonstrate that once or twice, and then take a small ball of clay or putty. Place it on top of the car and pat it down slightly; don't squish it onto the car, but press it just enough so that it won't roll off. Roll the car down the ramp, and when it hits the books, the clay should fly off the front of the car. This happens because of Newton's first law of motion: anything moving is going to want to keep moving (until it crashes into a wall).

Take—or make—two cars and set them at the top of the ramp to race. Place a line of masking tape on the floor a few feet from the ramp, so it acts as a finish line. Release them and see which one goes the farthest and the fastest (using a measuring stick and a stopwatch). Now, try to make each car faster: place card stock along one track, or press clay onto the top of one car to weight it down. In order to properly scientifically test these, change only one thing at a time, but use the same measuring tools for all of them.

Motion may seem like it's a one-way street, but more advanced science gets into things called vectors, which are used to plot a direction on a chart. To demonstrate one, place a piece of newspaper, plastic, or cardboard on the table (you may need to make a rope handle so you can pull it easily without wrinkling it). Roll a car slowly across the plastic, then start pulling the sheet out from under it. The car's forward motion combined with your pulling should make the car move diagonally—along a combined vector of both.

Mousetrap Cars

Building a science experiment from scratch makes it even more exciting. Begin with a simple, homemade toy car with an exposed rear axle. Make it a mousetrap racer by attaching a basic mousetrap as the motor, connected to a string on an axle. As the trap releases, the car is pulled forward. This shows lot of interesting physics. You can increase the traction—increase wheel friction—to make the car slip less. The mousetrap snapper arm is a perfect demonstration of torque, and you can get into rotational inertia with different types of wheels. Plus, racing different designs always ends in some interesting competitions. See Resources for more detailed information about mousetrap racers.

Science project on gravity and motion for third graders, science projects with slinkies, self-powered car science projects, second law of motion experiments, how to calculate brake torque, acceleration lab activities in physical science, how to build a mini electric car for a science project, how to build a model elevator science project, how to make a compound machine for a school project, science experiments on bouncing & rolling, fifth grade activities on force & motion, kinetic energy experiments for kids, how to calculate tangential force, rocket balloon races, two ways, experiments on mechanical energy for kids, simple machines for preschoolers to make, science project: the effect of mass on the distance..., types of newton scooters, 5th grade simple machine ideas.

AC Gilbert: Friction and Inertia - Toy Cars
Doc Fizzix: The mouse trap's snapper arm and torque

About the Author

Grahame Turner has worked as a freelance writer since 2009 and a freelance reporter since 2010 for Wellesley Patch and Jamaica Plain Patch in Massachusetts. He also works part-time as a bookseller at the Northeastern University bookstore. He is a Northeastern University graduate with a Bachelor of Arts in English.

Photo Credits

red car toy image by Dubravko Grakalic from Fotolia.com

40 Facts About Elektrostal

Written by Lanette Mayes

Modified & Updated: 01 Jun 2024

Reviewed by Jessica Corbett

Elektrostal is a vibrant city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia. With a rich history, stunning architecture, and a thriving community, Elektrostal is a city that has much to offer. Whether you are a history buff, nature enthusiast, or simply curious about different cultures, Elektrostal is sure to captivate you.

This article will provide you with 40 fascinating facts about Elektrostal, giving you a better understanding of why this city is worth exploring. From its origins as an industrial hub to its modern-day charm, we will delve into the various aspects that make Elektrostal a unique and must-visit destination.

So, join us as we uncover the hidden treasures of Elektrostal and discover what makes this city a true gem in the heart of Russia.

Key Takeaways:

Elektrostal, known as the “Motor City of Russia,” is a vibrant and growing city with a rich industrial history, offering diverse cultural experiences and a strong commitment to environmental sustainability.
With its convenient location near Moscow, Elektrostal provides a picturesque landscape, vibrant nightlife, and a range of recreational activities, making it an ideal destination for residents and visitors alike.

Known as the “Motor City of Russia.”

Elektrostal, a city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia, earned the nickname “Motor City” due to its significant involvement in the automotive industry.

Home to the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Elektrostal is renowned for its metallurgical plant, which has been producing high-quality steel and alloys since its establishment in 1916.

Boasts a rich industrial heritage.

Elektrostal has a long history of industrial development, contributing to the growth and progress of the region.

Founded in 1916.

The city of Elektrostal was founded in 1916 as a result of the construction of the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Located approximately 50 kilometers east of Moscow.

Elektrostal is situated in close proximity to the Russian capital, making it easily accessible for both residents and visitors.

Known for its vibrant cultural scene.

Elektrostal is home to several cultural institutions, including museums, theaters, and art galleries that showcase the city’s rich artistic heritage.

A popular destination for nature lovers.

Surrounded by picturesque landscapes and forests, Elektrostal offers ample opportunities for outdoor activities such as hiking, camping, and birdwatching.

Hosts the annual Elektrostal City Day celebrations.

Every year, Elektrostal organizes festive events and activities to celebrate its founding, bringing together residents and visitors in a spirit of unity and joy.

Has a population of approximately 160,000 people.

Elektrostal is home to a diverse and vibrant community of around 160,000 residents, contributing to its dynamic atmosphere.

Boasts excellent education facilities.

The city is known for its well-established educational institutions, providing quality education to students of all ages.

A center for scientific research and innovation.

Elektrostal serves as an important hub for scientific research, particularly in the fields of metallurgy , materials science, and engineering.

Surrounded by picturesque lakes.

The city is blessed with numerous beautiful lakes , offering scenic views and recreational opportunities for locals and visitors alike.

Well-connected transportation system.

Elektrostal benefits from an efficient transportation network, including highways, railways, and public transportation options, ensuring convenient travel within and beyond the city.

Famous for its traditional Russian cuisine.

Food enthusiasts can indulge in authentic Russian dishes at numerous restaurants and cafes scattered throughout Elektrostal.

Home to notable architectural landmarks.

Elektrostal boasts impressive architecture, including the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord and the Elektrostal Palace of Culture.

Offers a wide range of recreational facilities.

Residents and visitors can enjoy various recreational activities, such as sports complexes, swimming pools, and fitness centers, enhancing the overall quality of life.

Provides a high standard of healthcare.

Elektrostal is equipped with modern medical facilities, ensuring residents have access to quality healthcare services.

Home to the Elektrostal History Museum.

The Elektrostal History Museum showcases the city’s fascinating past through exhibitions and displays.

A hub for sports enthusiasts.

Elektrostal is passionate about sports, with numerous stadiums, arenas, and sports clubs offering opportunities for athletes and spectators.

Celebrates diverse cultural festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal hosts a variety of cultural festivals, celebrating different ethnicities, traditions, and art forms.

Electric power played a significant role in its early development.

Elektrostal owes its name and initial growth to the establishment of electric power stations and the utilization of electricity in the industrial sector.

Boasts a thriving economy.

The city’s strong industrial base, coupled with its strategic location near Moscow, has contributed to Elektrostal’s prosperous economic status.

Houses the Elektrostal Drama Theater.

The Elektrostal Drama Theater is a cultural centerpiece, attracting theater enthusiasts from far and wide.

Popular destination for winter sports.

Elektrostal’s proximity to ski resorts and winter sport facilities makes it a favorite destination for skiing, snowboarding, and other winter activities.

Promotes environmental sustainability.

Elektrostal prioritizes environmental protection and sustainability, implementing initiatives to reduce pollution and preserve natural resources.

Home to renowned educational institutions.

Elektrostal is known for its prestigious schools and universities, offering a wide range of academic programs to students.

Committed to cultural preservation.

The city values its cultural heritage and takes active steps to preserve and promote traditional customs, crafts, and arts.

Hosts an annual International Film Festival.

The Elektrostal International Film Festival attracts filmmakers and cinema enthusiasts from around the world, showcasing a diverse range of films.

Encourages entrepreneurship and innovation.

Elektrostal supports aspiring entrepreneurs and fosters a culture of innovation, providing opportunities for startups and business development .

Offers a range of housing options.

Elektrostal provides diverse housing options, including apartments, houses, and residential complexes, catering to different lifestyles and budgets.

Home to notable sports teams.

Elektrostal is proud of its sports legacy , with several successful sports teams competing at regional and national levels.

Boasts a vibrant nightlife scene.

Residents and visitors can enjoy a lively nightlife in Elektrostal, with numerous bars, clubs, and entertainment venues.

Promotes cultural exchange and international relations.

Elektrostal actively engages in international partnerships, cultural exchanges, and diplomatic collaborations to foster global connections.

Surrounded by beautiful nature reserves.

Nearby nature reserves, such as the Barybino Forest and Luchinskoye Lake, offer opportunities for nature enthusiasts to explore and appreciate the region’s biodiversity.

Commemorates historical events.

The city pays tribute to significant historical events through memorials, monuments, and exhibitions, ensuring the preservation of collective memory.

Promotes sports and youth development.

Elektrostal invests in sports infrastructure and programs to encourage youth participation, health, and physical fitness.

Hosts annual cultural and artistic festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal celebrates its cultural diversity through festivals dedicated to music, dance, art, and theater.

Provides a picturesque landscape for photography enthusiasts.

The city’s scenic beauty, architectural landmarks, and natural surroundings make it a paradise for photographers.

Connects to Moscow via a direct train line.

The convenient train connection between Elektrostal and Moscow makes commuting between the two cities effortless.

A city with a bright future.

Elektrostal continues to grow and develop, aiming to become a model city in terms of infrastructure, sustainability, and quality of life for its residents.

In conclusion, Elektrostal is a fascinating city with a rich history and a vibrant present. From its origins as a center of steel production to its modern-day status as a hub for education and industry, Elektrostal has plenty to offer both residents and visitors. With its beautiful parks, cultural attractions, and proximity to Moscow, there is no shortage of things to see and do in this dynamic city. Whether you’re interested in exploring its historical landmarks, enjoying outdoor activities, or immersing yourself in the local culture, Elektrostal has something for everyone. So, next time you find yourself in the Moscow region, don’t miss the opportunity to discover the hidden gems of Elektrostal.

Q: What is the population of Elektrostal?

A: As of the latest data, the population of Elektrostal is approximately XXXX.

Q: How far is Elektrostal from Moscow?

A: Elektrostal is located approximately XX kilometers away from Moscow.

Q: Are there any famous landmarks in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to several notable landmarks, including XXXX and XXXX.

Q: What industries are prominent in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal is known for its steel production industry and is also a center for engineering and manufacturing.

Q: Are there any universities or educational institutions in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to XXXX University and several other educational institutions.

Q: What are some popular outdoor activities in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal offers several outdoor activities, such as hiking, cycling, and picnicking in its beautiful parks.

Q: Is Elektrostal well-connected in terms of transportation?

A: Yes, Elektrostal has good transportation links, including trains and buses, making it easily accessible from nearby cities.

Q: Are there any annual events or festivals in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal hosts various events and festivals throughout the year, including XXXX and XXXX.

Elektrostal's fascinating history, vibrant culture, and promising future make it a city worth exploring. For more captivating facts about cities around the world, discover the unique characteristics that define each city . Uncover the hidden gems of Moscow Oblast through our in-depth look at Kolomna. Lastly, dive into the rich industrial heritage of Teesside, a thriving industrial center with its own story to tell.

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Flag of Elektrostal, Moscow Oblast, Russia

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When was the first car made? The inventors behind the first automobiles.

Since their invention, cars have become a major part of people's day-to-day. In the U.S. alone, there were a total of 278,063,737 personal and commercial vehicles registered to drivers in 2021, according to Forbes.

And with so many models and makes to choose from, such as the Tesla and Ford 5150, transportation experiences are different from person to person. It may be hard to believe each distinct car started from the same beginnings but they did. It's time to hit the gas and learn some automobile history.

When were cars invented?

In 1886, Benz created the three-wheeled motor car, known as the “ Motorwagen ." This vehicle often is considered the first truly modern automobile.

On Jan. 29, 1886, Benz applied for a patent for his " vehicle powered by a gas engine .” Some regard the vehicle's patent as " the birth certificate of the automobile ." Later that year, the Benz Patent Motor Car, model No. 1, made its first public outing. The car was " powered by an internal combustion engine: three-wheeled, four-cycle, engine and chassis form a single unit ," according to the Library of Congress.

Just Curious: Your everyday questions, answered

In need of fuel? Here is more news on cars from USA TODAY

Who invented the car?

While Benz is widely regarded for his automobile invention, it is hard to pinpoint a single creator for the car.

There have been various other automobiles – steam, electric, and gasoline – throughout history, that were invented before and after Benz's. Accounts dating back to the 15th century even show Leonardo da Vinci had created designs and models for transport vehicles, according to the Library of Congress.

In 1769 , the first self-propelled road vehicle powered by steam was invented by Nicolas-Joseph Cugno. The first electric carriage was invented by Robert Anderson . In 1886, Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach invented the first four-wheel, four-stroke engine, gasoline automobile: the “ Cannstatt-Daimler .” Some regard the 1901 Mercedes, designed by Maybach, as the " first modern motorcar in all essentials ."

In 1893 , J. Frank and Charles Duryea invented the first successful American gasoline automobile. This vehicle won the first American car race in 1895.

There are many people responsible for the modern cars we drive today, and innovations continue to be made toward our vehicles.

What is the fastest car in the world? And other speed records for man-made travel.

How to jump a car: What you need to know to get your vehicle back up and running

Watch CBS News

CDK cyberattack shuts down auto dealerships across the U.S. Here's what to know.

By Megan Cerullo

Edited By Aimee Picchi

Updated on: June 21, 2024 / 5:15 PM EDT / CBS News

CDK Global, a company that provides auto dealerships across the U.S. with software for managing sales and other services, was shut down for a third straight day Friday after cyberattacks crippled the platform.

The outage is disrupting roughly 15,000 car sellers that depend on CDK's dealer management software to run their businesses, including vehicle sales. Some dealership employees have resorted to pen and paper to handle transactions, but said most deals had ground to a halt. CDK has not indicated when its systems will be back up and running, but suggested the outage could last several days.

"We are actively investigating a cyber incident," a CDK spokesperson told CBS News. "Out of an abundance of caution and concern for our customers, we have shut down most of our systems and are working diligently to get everything up and running as quickly as possible."

CDK, which said it had restored some services on Wednesday, told CBS MoneyWatch on Thursday afternoon that its systems were again offline after it suffered another cyberattack.

"Late in the evening of June 19, we experienced an additional cyber incident and proactively shut down most of our systems," a CDK spokesperson said. "In partnership with third-party experts, we are assessing the impact and providing regular updates to our customers. We remain vigilant in our efforts to reinstate our services and get our dealers back to business as usual as quickly as possible."

Calls to a CDK customer support hotline produced a continuous busy signal. But the company's automated recording said the outage could affect dealerships for days, according to PC Mag . The message told callers, "At this time, we do not have an estimated time frame for resolution and therefore our dealers' systems will not be available likely for several days," the publication reported.

The message also warned callers that "bad actors" posing as CDK support staff were trying to obtain customers' credentials in what are known as phishing attacks, according to The Associated Press .

The number of cyberattacks has been on the rise in the last year, with more than 3,200 data breaches in 2023, a 78% jump from the prior year, according to a new study from data firm SOAX . Those breaches impacted more than 65 million victims last year, it added.

What is CDK?

CDK's dealer management system, or DMS, lets car vendors operate their business, including handling payroll, inventory, customer relations and office operations. The technology also enables dealers to line car buyers line up with financing and insurance.

On its website, it also touts its cybersecurity capabilities. "CDK Cybersecurity Solutions provide a three-tiered cybersecurity strategy to prevent, protect and respond to cyberattacks so you can defend your dealership," it says.

Brookfield Business Partners, a Toronto-based private equity firm, acquired the company in 2022 in a deal valued at more than $8 billion.

When did the cyberattack begin?

The cyberattack on CDK Global began Tuesday evening, Bleeping Computer , a cybersecurity news site, reported Wednesday, taking the 15,000 car dealerships it serves offline.

As mentioned above, CDK said it suffered another cyberattack on Wednesday evening. It is not currently known who, or what group, is behind the cyberattacks.

Mike Stanton, CEO of the National Automobile Dealers Association, said in a statement on Friday that "dealers are very committed to protecting their customer information and are actively seeking information from CDK to determine the nature and scope of the cyber incident so they can respond appropriately."

How are dealerships responding?

Some dealerships appeared to get creative to continue doing business during the outage. Dealership employees posted about the outage on Reddit Wednesday, sharing that they were relying on spreadsheets and sticky notes to sell customers small parts and make repairs, but that they weren't making any large transactions.

One employee asked other dealership employees, "How many of you are standing around because your whole shop runs on CDK?" under the heading "CDK down," with users in Wisconsin and Colorado confirming their dealership transaction systems were offline.

—The Associated Press contributed to this report.

Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency
Cyberattack

Megan Cerullo is a New York-based reporter for CBS MoneyWatch covering small business, workplace, health care, consumer spending and personal finance topics. She regularly appears on CBS News 24/7 to discuss her reporting.

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Electric Fan Car - STEM Classic Made Better

The fan-powered electric car is a classic STEM project for kids because it's easy to create something that moves fast and it's a great way to introduce young engineers to concepts like electricity, inertia, Newton's Laws of Motion, and more.

Most fan car designs feature a fixed propeller and wheels, however the best part about this project is experimenting with your design to discover exciting driving patterns!

To get the most out of this classic project make sure your activity plan includes these 3 things:

Electronics that are easy for kids to assemble independently.

Materials that are durable and can be reattached in different configurations.

Make it easy for kids to test, redesign, and reflect to achieve different driving patterns.

I'll explain why some materials work better than others for this activity, and I'll highlight the best ways the fan car can be modified to change how it drives.

We made some of the electronics and key plastic parts parts available in a kit here on Amazon , or you can source them individually:

3V DC electric motor ( alternative vendor )- I recommend using motors that have rounded metal housings as these tend to be more powerful. Motors with flat-sided housing are weaker and squat motors like these have low RPM. Flat-sided motors may work for this project but won't produce as much thrust.

2 AA battery holder with switch - Two AA batteries are required to power the motor enough to make a fast car. Including the switch simplifies the circuitry for younger kids.

Plug connectors - Also called bullet connectors, these will make it easy for kids to assemble their circuits and reverse the electrical current. You'll need a crimping tool or a pair of vice grips to use these.

Motor holder - It's important to securely hold the motor as the plastic propeller is somewhat dangerous. An alternative to this part is to strap the motor to the 1" foam cube using masking tape.

Small plastic wheels - Lightweight wheels with a small diameter make it easier for the car to overcome inertia and get up to speed quickly. The minimal contact surface with the ground also makes it possible for the cars to drift in circles!

1/8" wooden dowel - For connecting the wheels together.

Sturdy plastic straws - Plastic straws are more resilient than paper ones and they generate less friction from contact with the wooden dowel.

12" paint stirrer - For the body of the car. Paint stirrers are lightweight, inexpensive, and provide a large build area. Some hardware stores will give you paint stirrers for free.

Loom rubber bands - These tiny rubber bands are very durable and make it easy for kids to build with because they require little to no twisting/wrapping to create a secure connection.

1" Foam cube ( alternative vendor for 3/4" cubes )- This elevates the motor so the propeller doesn't get close to the ground. Foam cubes are inexpensive, colorful, and lightweight.

Plastic propeller - Make sure to get a 3 or 4 blade propeller with slender blades and about 3-4" in diameter. Don't use propellers with short bulbous blades , these are designed for aquatic use and won't provide as much air-powered propulsion. If you're concerned about safety you can also experiment with safety propellers although I haven't tested these.

1in adhesive squares - These are for attaching the motor. The adhesive is reusable if it's attached to a nonstick surface (and it will be!), which allows kids to easily change the motor position.

Masking tape - Easier to work with than duct tape and stronger adhesive than clear tape.

Step 1: Create the Wheels

Fit a wheel onto the end of the dowel. If the fit is loose, wrap a bit of tape or a loom rubber band around the end.

Put a straw onto the dowel, then another wheel on the other end. Repeat to create two sets of wheels.

I don't advise cutting the straw shorter. Wider wheel placement results in a more stable car, and using the whole straw reduces the amount of steps and waste for this project.

Step 2: Attach the Wheels to the Stick

The key to a fast fan-powered car is to make sure it's as lightweight as possible, so this design features only a single paint stirrer as the body of the car.

Use loom rubber bands to attach the wheels to the ends of the paint stirrer. This method is fast and easy, but more importantly it allows the wheels to turn to either side, which changes the direction the car is moving.

Young kids can do this step independently by first putting a rubber band on the paint stirrer, then setting the wheels on top. Pull the rubber bands over the straw and around the end of the paint stirrer again.

Repeat with the second set of wheels, then flip the car over.

Step 3: Apply a Layer of Tape

Add a layer of 1" masking tape on top of the paint stirrer. This makes it possible to reuse the adhesive square without loss of adhesion. Without the tape, the adhesive square will quickly lose its adhesive properties after being reapplied a few times because the paint stirrer's wood fibers will peel off and get stuck to it.

Step 4: Prep and Assemble the Electronics

This step is time-consuming, but think of it this way: You're exchanging your time prepping so kids can have more time to experiment and play with their scribble bot. Additionally the plug connectors make it easy for kids to switch the motor direction, which is another variable that changes the scribble pattern.

Begin prepping by cutting the wire to just ≈3'' (8cm). Short wires are less likely to get tangled in the spinning motor. Strip off 1'' (2.5cm) of insulation. Make sure the wire strands are straight and flat. Insert it into the plug connector, then crimp it tightly. Tug on the connector to make sure it's firmly clamped onto the wire.

From here assembling the circuit is easy, just plug the connectors together! To change the direction the motor spins, switch the wires around.

IMPORTANT: Make sure the hooded socket connectors are used for the battery holder! This prevents the wires from coming into contact with each other and forming a dangerous short circuit.

IMPORTANT : If you opt to not prep the wires with connectors, then be sure to tell your kids how to assemble the circuit so the propeller spins clockwise when facing the motor shaft. It's important that the propeller generates thrust in the direction away from the motor to get the most movement.

Bonus step: Wrap the motor wires in electrical tape. If your motor wires break off easily or you plan on reusing these components with multiple groups of kids I recommend wrapping the wires to the motor with electrical tape. This prevents the wire terminals from bending back and forth and eventually breaking off.

Step 5: Mount the Motor

Fit the motor into the motor mount. If it's loose, wrap some tape around the motor. If it's tight and the holder is bending, use a thicker adhesive pad or use two layers of adhesives. Apply some foam adhesive pad to the bottom of the mount, then affix it to a 1" foam cube. Use another adhesive square to attach the cube to the top of the car. Make sure to stick it to the layer of masking tape.

Step 6: Attach the Battery Holder

The battery holder can also be attached with a single loom rubber band using this technique:

Put a rubber band onto the holder near the switch.

Place the holder onto the paint stirrer, then pull the rubber band under the paint stirrer.

Wrap the rubber band around the battery holder again.

Step 7: Experiment!

These cars can take up a lot of space! The best places to test are large indoor areas with no obstructions such as gymnasiums or cafeterias with the seating folded up. Outdoor tennis courts and basketball courts, as well as well-maintained asphalt or concrete that's fairly level will also work. Avoid carpet, cluttered indoor spaces, or bumpy surfaces.

Important : The spinning plastic propeller can cause injury! Make sure to observe your car from a safe distance. Always turn off the car before picking it up. If it crashes and the motor falls off, an adult may need to safely turn off the car. Avoid driving in small enclosed areas. Wear shoes and pants in case the car collides with your ankle.

There are many ways kids can experiment to change the driving pattern:

Adjust the angle of the wheels by connecting the straw to the paint stirrer with a strip of tape. If the tape gets crumpled or loses its adhesion, just apply a new piece.

Try a variety wheel angle combinations to achieve different driving patterns, such as wide circles, drifting, straight-and-fast, and more!

Experiment with the direction the fan is facing. Unstick the foam cube from the tape layer and reattach it somewhere else. Try turning it around the other way, or pointing it off to the side.

Change where the battery holder is positioned. Since the batteries are so heavy, this affects how much friction is being applied to the front and back wheels, as well as the car's center of mass. Changing the position of the battery holder can alter how much the car spins out or how tightly it can drive in circles.

Reverse the direction the propeller is spinning by unplugging the wires and switching them around. You might think that this is the same as rotating the motor 180˚, but it's not! Some of the propulsion from the fan can get blocked by the foam cube/motor assembly, so experimenting to find the best force output direction is worthwhile.

Beyond the joy of finding fun driving patterns, this project can be made more challenging by having students keep a small figurine safe even if the car crashes, or challenge them to optimize their design for speed/spinning/etc. Keep finding ways to make the electric fan-powered car more fun and challenging!