difference between coursework and research masters

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💡 Taught Masters vs Research Masters:

There are many types of Master’s degrees, and most of these are Taught Masters . In the United Kingdom, such programmes are also called postgraduate taught or PGT for short. They typically require completing a set number of modules and a thesis (also called dissertation), plus sometimes work experience through a placement. The type of dissertation you will undertake will depend on the type of Master’s degree you are enrolled in, and might for example include your own small research project. Most postgraduate taught degrees have these elements of independent work and research to varying extents.

In contrast, a Research Master ’ s degree will focus on, you guessed it, research. In the UK, such programmes are also called postgraduate research or PGR (although this term may also refer to doctorate programmes). Rather than attending classes every semester and completing module assignments, you will need to focus on an independent research project – under supervision, of course. The course will still include a few taught modules, most often on research methodologies, but it will require you to work independently for most of the time.

Master’s degrees in the UK are usually one year full-time or two years part-time, but in other countries the duration may differ.

Remember: A final dissertation will be compulsory for all Master ’ s degrees. However, a dissertation for an MRes will typically be longer than that for an MA or MSc.

Typically, Research Masters will lead to an MRes degree. At some universities, however, you'll instead be awarded an MPhil (Master of Philosophy) or MLitt (Master of Letters). For more information, have a look at our detailed glossary.

🤔 Is a Research Master’s the same as a PhD?

No, a Research Master’s degree is not the same as a PhD. Although for both degrees you will need to complete a dissertation based on an independent research project, there are notable differences:

• The first difference is the duration : A Master’s degree will typically last one to two years, while a PhD usually takes up about three to five years. The research project you’ll undertake during a doctorate degree will therefore be longer and broader than one you would pursue in a Master’s degree.
• As a PhD student, you’re expected to publish research papers in journals before you are awarded your degree. MRes students might occasionally do that during or after their studies, but it’s rarely obligatory.
• As a PhD student, you’ll most often be expected to take on other duties , such as teaching.

If you wish to pursue doctoral research and a career in academia, a research Master’s degree could be a great option for you as it will allow you to get to grips with and gather valuable experience and training on independent research early on in your studies.

👀 Overview: What’s the difference?

There are a few differences between Taught Masters and Research Masters , and not all of them are obvious.

The table below outlines some of the main elements to consider when choosing which of the two degrees to pursue after your Bachelor’s degree:

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🏛️ Which should you choose?

The choice between a taught Master’s and a research Master’s depends on a few factors.

• First of all, do you enjoy research more than coursework? Then an MRes may be more suitable – but remember that any Master’s degree, especially an MSc, will have a research component.
• Then, it’s crucial to understand how you like to work and study. Do you particularly enjoy working independently? Perhaps then you can consider an MRes. In a taught Master’s, you’ll have a more solid structure, timetables and regular deadlines to keep you on track, but these may not be as readily available during an MRes, so consider which environment you are more likely to thrive in.  
• Another important consideration is what you want to do after your Master’s degree. If you want to enter the labour market immediately, and you are not particularly interested in focusing on research training, then perhaps a taught Master’s degree is more suited.

💸 Is there a difference in fees between Taught and Research Masters?

No, normally, you won’t find a huge difference in tuition fees between taught and research Master’s degrees. Only in some instances, Postgraduate Research Masters tend to be cheaper.

📝 Can I do a PhD after taking a Taught Master’s Degree?

Yes, you can pursue a PhD after any type of Master’s course, provided that you have a degree in a relevant subject. All taught postgraduate degrees involve some independent work and research, especially for your dissertation, which will prepare you for further research should you choose to pursue a PhD.

Some taught Masters require more independent research work than others, particularly when it comes to the dissertation after completing the taught modules. Consult the curriculum or ask admissions staff to get a better idea of what to expect.

While a taught Master’s degree won’t prevent you from doing a PhD further down the line, it’s vital that you have a good idea of what requirements you will have to fulfil in order to be admitted to the PhD, and how you can best prepare.

If you already have a clear idea of what field you’d like to conduct your doctoral research in, you could take advantage of the joint Master’s – PhD programmes on offer at some universities.

These four-year programmes – also called “combined” or “integrated” degrees – offer the chance to complete a Master’s degree in the first year and to progress seamlessly to PhD research in the next three.

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Author: Claudia Civinini

Claudia has many years of experience as a reporter and writer on international education and student mobility. Originally from Italy, she holds a BA in Communication and Media Studies from the University of Genova; a Graduate Diploma in Education, Secondary Education and Teaching from the Australian Catholic University; and a joint MSc in Educational Neuroscience from UCL and Birkbeck, University of London. Claudia has previously worked as Chief Reporter for the English Language Gazette, as Senior Reporter for the PIE News (Professionals in International Education), and as Reporter for Tes.

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Difference between taught vs research masters postgraduate programmes

Postgraduate studies offer a wide range of opportunities for students looking to further their education and career prospects.

Choosing the right postgraduate programme can be overwhelming, especially when faced with the choice between taught and research-based master’s degrees.

While both options lead to a master’s degree, they differ significantly in their approach, content and outcome.

Taught master’s programs are structured, classroom-based courses that provide students with in-depth knowledge and practical skills in a specific subject. Research-based master’s programs, on the other hand, focus on cutting-edge research in a particular field and are designed to equip students with advanced research skills and expertise.

In this article, we explore the differences between taught vs research masters programmes, to help you decide the best path to pursue based on your interests and career goals.

Taught masters vs research masters – what’s the difference?

Postgraduate students can choose between two main types of master’s programmes: a taught master’s and a research master’s. The differences between these two types of programmes can be seen in their:

• assessment methods,
• and overall focus.

Taught master’s, also known as coursework or postgraduate taught degrees, typically have a fixed and structured timetable.

These programmes include a structured curriculum with modules and seminars that aim to provide students with a broader understanding of a specific field.

The proportion of taught courses and research projects in a taught master’s programme is normally 2/3 taught courses to 1/3 research project. Examples of taught master’s degrees are Master of Arts (MA), Master of Science (MSc), Postgraduate Diploma (PGDip), and Postgraduate Certificate (PGCert).

On the other hand, research degrees, also known as masters by research, focus on independent research in a particular area of study under the guidance of a supervisor.

These programmes have no set timetable and research is the primary focus.

The proportion of research projects and taught courses in a research master’s programme is reversed from a taught master’s with the majority of the effort being in research projects. Examples of research master’s degrees are Master of Research (MRes) and Master of Philosophy (MPhil).

The assessment methods also differ between the two types of programmes. Taught master’s programmes generally require a final project or exam, while research master’s programmes culminate in the submission of a dissertation that is solely assessed based on the quality of the research conducted.

Should I study a taught or research masters degree?

Choosing between a taught or research Masters ultimately depends on individual preferences and goals.

A taught postgraduate course generally focuses on providing a structured programme based on pre-existing knowledge and skills, leading to a diploma or MSc certification.

On the other hand, a research postgraduate programme, such as an MRes, emphasises research skills and independent study, leading to a research-based qualification.

If one prefers to study in a traditional classroom setting and wants to acquire further knowledge in a specific area, a taught course may be more suitable.

If you are more interested in becoming an expert in a particular field and honing their research skills, then a research Masters may be more appropriate.

It’s important to consider your career goals and choose the programme that best aligns with those aspirations.

What about the other types of masters degrees?

Apart from the popularly known MBA (Master of Business Administration), there are several other types of masters degree available.

Some of the common ones include MSc (Master of Science), MRes (Master of Research), MPhil (Master of Philosophy), and various other taught or research masters.

MSc programs are popular among students looking to advance their knowledge in a scientific field, such as engineering, medicine, or environmental science. For example, the MSc Immunology and Immunotherapy program at the University of Birmingham focuses on subjects like cancer genomics and immunology, providing a balance of taught elements and research opportunities.

MRes programs, on the other hand, focus on research, preparing students for a career in academia or research-based roles in industry.

For instance, the MRes Cancer Sciences program at the University of Birmingham allows students to spend about six to seven months working on a research project after completing their taught modules, providing extensive hands-on experience.

MPhil programs, like the MRes, are often seen as a stepping stone towards a PhD and are mainly research-based. They may involve rotations between different projects, with the final project often leading to a PhD topic.

MPhil programs sometimes stand alone as qualifications, but they usually involve no teaching elements, consisting solely of independent research projects.

Other taught or research masters cover a wide range of subject areas and may focus on specific industries or have a broader perspective. For instance, there are masters programs in ancient history, archaeology, political science, marketing, and communications, among others.

Postgraduate studies are a great way to gain specialized knowledge and develop professional skills , making a taught or research master’s degree a valuable qualification for various career paths.

When considering a postgraduate program, it is important to research the course details and seek advice from current or former students to ensure it aligns with your future goals and interests.

Is there a  tuition fee difference between taught vs research masters?

There is typically a difference in tuition fees between taught and research masters programs. Taught masters programs, such as MSc degrees, are structured around coursework and are usually completed within one to two years.

They often require more resources, such as faculty time and classroom space, which can drive up the cost. In comparison, research masters programs, like MRes degrees, focus on independent research and usually have less contact time with professors, which can result in lower tuition fees.

However, there are exceptions, and tuition fees can vary from program to program.

Taught masters degrees may be more affordable than research masters due to their structure and the prevalence of such programs.

It is essential to research and compare the costs and benefits of each type of program and consider how it aligns with one’s personal and professional objectives.

Wrapping up – taught and research masters

Postgraduate students have a choice between two main types of master’s programs: taught and research-based. Taught programs are structured, classroom-based courses, while research-based programs focus on independent research.

The decision to choose between a taught or research master’s program ultimately depends on individual preferences, goals, and career aspirations.

It is important to carefully research and compare the costs and benefits of each type of program and consider how it aligns with one’s personal and professional objectives.

Key takeaways include:

• Taught master’s programs are structured, classroom-based courses, while research-based programs focus on independent research.
• Taught programs provide a broader understanding of a specific field, while research-based programs offer deeper insight into a particular research area.
• The decision to choose between a taught or research master’s program depends on individual preferences, goals, and career aspirations.
• There is typically a difference in tuition fees between taught and research master’s programs.
• the need to consider individual preferences and career aspirations,
• the difference in structure and focus between taught and research-based programs,
• and the difference in tuition fees.

 Postgraduate studies offer a valuable opportunity for students to gain specialized knowledge and develop professional skills, making a taught or research master’s degree a valuable qualification for various career paths.

Dr Andrew Stapleton has a Masters and PhD in Chemistry from the UK and Australia. He has many years of research experience and has worked as a Postdoctoral Fellow and Associate at a number of Universities. Although having secured funding for his own research, he left academia to help others with his YouTube channel all about the inner workings of academia and how to make it work for you.

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Scripting must be enabled to use this site., difference between postgraduate research and coursework, what is the difference between postgraduate coursework and postgraduate research programs.

There are a few key differences between postgraduate coursework and postgraduate research programs.

Postgraduate Coursework

Postgraduate coursework programs deliver content through a set unit program (similar to an undergraduate Bachelor degree), but at a more advanced level. Coursework will allow you to deepen your knowledge within a discipline, or to pursue a new or additional study area at an advanced level.

Postgraduate degrees which can be studied through coursework include Graduate Certificates , Graduate Diplomas and Masters degrees.

Postgraduate Research

Postgraduate research programs (also known as Higher Degree Research ) allow you to develop your knowledge and experience within your field by completing a major research project under the supervision of an academic .

Postgraduate research degrees which you can study include Masters by research or Doctorate ( PhD ) programs.

Additional Information

For a comprehensive list of courses available, please refer to the Prospective Student Catalogue , or for further information view our Postgraduate Study page.

For further information regarding postgraduate coursework programs, please contact the Future Students Team through the Contact Us tab, online Live Chat , phone to 1800 818 865, or via Facebook .

For further information regarding postgraduate research programs, please submit your enquiry to Higher Degree Research through the Contact Us tab, or phone (02) 6773 3715 for assistance.

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Taught vs research masters: What's the difference and which should I choose?

Table of Contents

1. taught masters meaning, 2. popular taught master courses, 1. research masters meaning, 2. popular research master courses, 1. curriculum and structure, 2. coursework, 3. duration, 3. specialisation, 4. supervision, 5. employability, taught vs research masters: which should you choose, 1. career aspirations, 2. interest in research, 3. program structure, 4. academic background, 5. time commitment, postgraduate taught vs research, can i do a phd after taking a taught masters, taught vs research masters: fee difference, frequently asked questions.

So you’ve decided you want to do a masters degree and you have a rough idea of which courses you like the sound of and where you might want to study. So all that’s left to do now is apply, right?

Not quite. There’s actually one more decision to make, that you might not even have known about in the first place: would you rather study a taught or research masters?

Both course types involve a high level of academic study and independent work . However, a taught course offers a more familiar structure and a wider variety of subjects. It also offers more assessment modules than a research-based course, which puts more focus on in-depth research and writing. Not sure which option to choose? We’ve got you covered. Without further ado, here are the difference between taught and research masters, so you can choose the course that’s best for you.

Also Read: Canada vs USA for masters

What is a taught master's degree?

As the name suggests, the majority of a taught masters course revolves around a series of modules, each with seminars, lectures and assignments or exams.

Most taught masters degrees will also generally require you to complete a final dissertation or major research project. In other words, a masters taught degree is like a continuation of an undergraduate degree.

Also Read: 6 Masters degrees in Engineering Management that will change your life

• Master of Business Administration (MBA)
• Master of Science (MSc)
• Master of Arts (MA)
• Master of Engineering (MEng)
• Master of Public Health (MPH)

What is a research masters degree?

A research masters is very different, both in terms of course content and structure. Rather than taking a variety of modules, each with a mixture of exams and coursework, the progression of a research masters is more fluid. You may start the course with an introductory module or set of classes focusing on developing your research and writing skills, but after that, you’ll likely have little to no timetabled hours. Instead, you will be spending your time working independently on one or more extended research projects.

• Master of Research (MRes)
• Master of Philosophy (MPhil)

Taught vs research masters

Taught masters and research masters are two distinct types of masters programs that offer different approaches to education and learning. Here are the main difference between taught and research masters:

Taught masters are structured programs with a predetermined curriculum. Students take a set of modules or courses covering specific subject areas relevant to their field of study. These programs are more structured and organised, with clear learning outcomes. Unlike taught masters, research masters offer more flexibility in terms of the curriculum. Students have more freedom to design their research project within the scope of their field of study.

The focus of taught masters is on coursework, where students attend lectures, seminars, and workshops. They are assessed through exams, assignments, projects, and sometimes a dissertation or thesis. The centrepiece of a research master's program is the research project or thesis. Students are required to conduct independent research under the guidance of a supervisor or mentor.

Taught masters typically last one to two years , depending on the country and the program's requirements. Research masters may take longer to complete than Taught Masters due to the in-depth research and analysis involved.

Students often choose a specialisation within the field, but their coursework is determined by the university or department. Research masters are more research-oriented, with a significant emphasis on original research and exploration of a particular subject area.

While students have access to academic staff for guidance and support, they generally have less individualised supervision than in research-focused programs. Research masters offer more individualised supervision and mentorship as students work closely with their research advisors throughout the process.

Taught masters are generally designed to enhance employability by providing students with practical skills and knowledge relevant to their chosen career path. Research masters are often considered a pathway to a Ph.D. or further research-based careers in academia or industry.

Here's a table summarising the key difference between taught and research masters:

When it comes to deciding between a taught or research masters, you should first ask yourself what motivates you to study and what you’ve enjoyed most about your undergraduate degree. If your favourite part of your degree was researching and writing a dissertation, and you want to further develop your academic skills and potentially go on to do a PhD then it’s worth looking into research masters courses. But if you have a specific career goal outside of academia, a taught masters will allow you to gain a broader range of skills and experience to enhance your CV.

One final consideration should be what are you best at?

For example, if you struggle with essays but tend to do well in exams and presentations, then a taught masters with a wider variety of assessment modes might be a better fit for you.

At the end of the day, regardless of which option you choose, studying for a master’s degree is an invaluable experience and either course is sure to open a lot of doors for you further down the line.

Thinking about studying your taught or research masters course abroad? Let us help you find your perfect course and university today!

Should I study a taught or research Masters?

Deciding between a taught or research master's program depends on your academic and career goals, as well as your personal preferences and strengths. Here are some factors to consider when making your decision:

Consider your career goals and the type of role you wish to pursue after completing your master's degree. If you aim to work in a profession that values specialised knowledge and practical skills, a taught master's program may be more suitable. On the other hand, if you are interested in a career in research, academia, or a field that requires advanced research capabilities, a research master's program may be a better fit.

Reflect on your interest in research. Are you passionate about conducting independent research and contributing to the knowledge in your field? If research excites you and you enjoy the process of inquiry, a research master's program could be an excellent choice.

Compare the structure and content of both types of programs. Taught master's programs typically involve a mix of lectures, seminars, and coursework, while research master's programs focus on a more significant research project. Assess which learning approach aligns better with your preferred style of study.

Consider your academic background and strengths. Research master's programs often require a strong academic record and a solid foundation in the chosen field of study, as the emphasis is on conducting original research. If your academic strengths lie in coursework and exams, a taught master's program may suit you better.

Evaluate the time commitment required for each type of program. Research master's degrees tend to be longer and more intense, as they involve substantial research and writing. Taught master's programs are usually shorter and may be more suitable if you wish to enter the job market sooner.

Take the time to research different programs, talk to current students and faculty members, and seek advice from academic advisors to make an informed choice that aligns with your aspirations.

Postgraduate education in the United Kingdom offers two main pathways

• Postgraduate research programs
• Postgraduate taught programs

Postgraduate research programs focus on independent and original research, where students delve deep into a specific research question or topic within their chosen field. They work closely with a research supervisor and complete a research thesis or dissertation to contribute new knowledge to their discipline. These programs are suitable for individuals pursuing careers in academia or research.

On the other hand, postgraduate taught programs emphasise structured classroom-based learning. Students follow a set curriculum, attending lectures, seminars, and practical sessions to gain specialised knowledge and practical skills. Assessment in these programs involves coursework, exams, and sometimes a dissertation or research project.

The choice between postgraduate research vs taught depends on individual interests and career aspirations. If you have a passion for conducting independent research and want to contribute to your field, a postgraduate research program might be the right fit. However, if you seek specialised skills and industry-focused expertise, a postgraduate taught program may be more suitable.

Many students wonder if they can pursue a Ph.D. after completing a taught master's degree. The answer is yes, it is indeed possible. Universities and research institutions often welcome students who have successfully completed a taught master's program and wish to continue their academic journey by undertaking a Ph.D. program.

Completing a taught master's degree can serve as a stepping stone toward a research-based Ph.D. program. While some additional effort may be required to strengthen your research profile, many students successfully make the transition and go on to make significant contributions in their chosen fields of study.

In general, Taught Masters programs tend to be more structured and may involve a higher number of taught modules or courses, which can lead to higher tuition fees. These programs often focus on providing practical skills and knowledge that are directly applicable to the job market, and the additional resources required for delivering coursework can contribute to higher fees.

On the other hand, while the fees for Research Masters can still be substantial, they might be slightly lower than Taught Masters in some cases. This is because Research Masters programs often have fewer taught modules, and students spend a significant portion of their time conducting research, which may require fewer resources compared to a more structured coursework-based program.

Which degree is right for me in the UK?

If you prefer a structured and specialised curriculum with classroom-based learning, a taught Masters may be suitable. On the other hand, if you have a strong interest in conducting independent research and contributing to your field, a research Masters could be a better fit.

Taught vs Research, which is better?

The choice between taught vs research Masters depends on your academic and career objectives. A taught Masters offers a structured curriculum with specific subject knowledge, while a research Masters focuses on independent research and academic inquiry.

What is the difference between taught and research masters?

The main difference between taught and research masters lies in their core focus. A taught Masters emphasises classroom-based learning, lectures, and assessments, providing specialised subject knowledge and skills. In contrast, a research Masters centres around conducting independent research, contributing to the existing knowledge in a field, and developing strong research skills.

Are Masters by research better?

A Masters by research offers an opportunity to engage in independent and in-depth research, making it ideal for students pursuing a career in academia or research-oriented professions. However, a taught Masters may suit those seeking specialised skills and industry-focused expertise. The decision should align with your aspirations and preferred learning style.

Why are research Masters cheaper?

Research Masters programs are often cheaper than taught Masters because they require less institutional resources.

Is a Masters by research a full Masters?

Yes, a Masters by research is considered a full Masters degree. It is a postgraduate qualification that requires the completion of a research project, dissertation, or thesis. Know someone considering postgraduate studies? Share the insights in our 'Taught vs Research Masters' article with them.

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What is the difference between a postgraduate taught master’s and a postgraduate research master’s?

Pgce, mres, ma, msc or phd if you’re considering postgraduate study, use this guide to learn the difference between the kinds of postgraduate degrees on offer.

Richard Carruthers

Postgraduate courses come in many formats, ranging from vocational diplomas and certificates through to master’s and doctoral qualifications.

The two most common categories of postgraduate study are postgraduate taught (PGT) courses and postgraduate research (PGR) courses.

As you shop around potential postgraduate courses, you may also come across the PGCE, the LLM, the MRes, the MPhil and the PhD.

But what is the difference between all these acronyms?

Below is a guide explaining the differences between all the postgraduate degrees on offer, including how the application process varies between them.

Postgraduate taught (PGT) courses

Postgraduate taught courses are sometimes called level 7 qualifications and are one of the most common kinds of master’s degrees. When people refer to master’s courses, they usually mean a postgraduate taught course.

These courses are typically one year in duration if studied full-time, or two years if studying part-time.

The course will usually comprise several months of taught classes, much like undergraduate study, followed by an intensive independent research project for the final few months.

These courses have highly specialised content, making them great launchpads for careers where specialist knowledge is required. They are also often used as a stepping stone to more advanced research degrees.

What’s the difference between an MSc and an MA?

Postgraduate taught courses will usually lead to either an MSc or an MA qualification, depending on the subject you choose.

An MSc stands for a “master of science” and will focus on advancing a particular aspect of scientific research across the sciences, engineering, mathematics or a similar field that involves logic, scientific research or numbers.

An MA refers to a “master of arts”, and covers postgraduate taught degrees in the arts and humanities, such as literature, languages, history, cultural studies and some social sciences.

Applying for a postgraduate taught course

To apply for a postgraduate taught course, you will normally be asked to provide transcripts showing your academic performance on your undergraduate degree, a personal statement and a CV.

Your CV should focus on your educational achievements and interests and discuss any project work that shows you have the technical and academic skills needed to be a successful and independent postgraduate student.

Your personal statement can be tackled in a similar way to a cover letter, where you introduce yourself and convey your interest, enthusiasm and motivation to study the subject. It is also advisable to tailor your statement to each course you apply for and to explain your interest in some of the modules offered by that specific course.

It can also be beneficial to demonstrate some thought around where the course will lead you in the future, whether that’s into a new career or towards further study.

With postgraduate taught courses, you often won’t have to submit a research proposal for your research project as part of your application, as the taught elements of the course are meant to help inform your research proposal.

However, some postgraduate master’s courses may ask for you to submit a research proposal or at least have an idea of the topic you want to do your master’s dissertation on, even if this changes later.

Applying to master’s courses is generally done through a decentralised system, meaning you apply individually to each course and university. Each institution will set different entrance and application requirements. Check the exact requirements your course is looking for, and get in touch with the institution’s postgraduate admissions office with any questions.

What are MRes and MPhil degrees?

The MPhil stands for “master of philosophy”. The MRes course option, which is relatively new but has grown in popularity in recent years, stands for a “master of research”.

Much like postgraduate taught courses, both the MPhil and the MRes are technically classified as level 7 qualifications, and typically take one year to complete.

The main difference between an MRes or MPhil and a postgraduate taught course is that MRes and MPhil courses place much more focus on individual research, with as much as 60 per cent to 100 per cent of either degree consisting of a personal research project.

Given the heavy research focus, MRes and MPhil courses tend to contain fewer taught classes, but you will usually receive training in research techniques. As a result of the research focus, an MRes or an MPhil may help prepare a student for a doctoral programme (PGR) or a career that requires specific research skills and techniques.

Applying for an MRes or MPhil course is very similar to applying for a postgraduate taught course, but you may be asked to submit a research proposal as part of your application, so it’s important to have an idea of the kind of research project you would like to pursue.

Doctorate courses

Postgraduate research (PGR) courses are sometimes called level 8 qualifications and usually refer to doctorate courses.

These courses take about three to four years of full-time study to complete, but the exact duration of a doctorate course depends on whether you get involved in teaching, how long your research takes to complete and how long it takes you to write your doctorate thesis.

Successful PhD candidates are awarded doctoral qualifications such as doctor of philosophy (PhD) or doctor of engineering (EngD), depending on their field of research.

Research is the core component of a PhD programme, and you will be expected to produce original work on a specific subject topic, usually in the form of a thesis.

Doctorate qualifications are often a prerequisite for a career as a university academic, researcher or scientist in industry.

Applying for a doctorate (PhD) programme

To apply for a doctorate degree, you’ll need to submit a personal statement and a CV, both providing evidence of your academic experiences and passion for the subject.

Some PhD programmes will expect you to have already completed a postgraduate taught programme, but this isn’t always essential.

For a PhD, you may also be asked to submit a detailed research proposal outlining a specific research question you would like to address, the subject area you will work in, and the approach you would take to solving this.

Your proposal should demonstrate your current knowledge and discuss how your research idea could develop or challenge existing knowledge. You should also mention the potential significance of your research and why it would be a useful contribution to your chosen field.

Usually, you will be expected to apply individually to each PhD programme you’re interested in. Places will usually be dependent on your academic achievements, but also on the funding available in your chosen university department and whether the university can provide an appropriate supervisor.

If you’re considering applying for a PhD, it may be worth contacting academics individually to discuss whether they’d be interested in supervising you and asking about any funding opportunities.

Other postgraduate courses

Aside from the categories discussed above, there are many other classifications of master’s degrees, including postgraduate diplomas and certificates.

Often these lead to a vocational qualification that is used to gain entry to a specific profession.

Examples include the postgraduate certificate of education (PGCE), which leads to a career in teaching, the graduate diploma in law (GDL) or master of law (LLM), which opens the door to the legal professions, or the master of business administration (MBA), which is a common choice for business professionals looking to gain entry to C-suite positions.

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Coursework or research?

What's the difference between postgraduate degree coursework and higher degree research.

At UTS, you could pursue postgraduate studies by coursework or research.

Postgraduate Degree Coursework

Doing it by coursework means, you’ll attend classes, write assessments, sit for exams and work your way through a set of subjects – a structured program. You could potentially add a research project using your elective.

Programs offered through postgraduate coursework are:

Master of Quantitative Finance

Master of Science – offered in five majors and a no specific major.

Master of Science (Extension) – offered in five majors and a no specific major

Graduate Certificate in Science

Graduate Certificate in Mathematics

Higher Degree Research

Doing postgraduate study by research means, you’ll undertake supervised study and research, guided by an academic supervisor. You’ll work independently on your chosen project with the aim of producing, presenting and submitting a final thesis. The final thesis is your original research and investigation, backed by evidence.

Programs offered through higher degree research are:

Masters by Research  - Science

Masters by Research  - Mathematical Sciences

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) - Science

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) – Mathematical Sciences

So, what kind of projects can I undertake as my higher research degree?

You can undertake any project or discipline, as long as the Faculty and UTS has the expertise in the area, and the relevant supervisor agrees to supervise you.

We strongly encourage you to visit the Faculty’s research areas and use the Find a Supervisor  tool, to search a supervisor of your research interest.

Find a Supervisor

Once you've found a potential supervisor, it's important to make contact with them to discuss your research project proposal andmake sure they agree to supervise you.

Are you still confused on which research project to undertake?

You can hear from some of our  current and past research students’ experiences here . This may help you to decide what research project is right for you.

What if I change my mind, after...

I have started a postgraduate coursework program at UTS Science, but now I want to pursue a higher degree research?

You can transfer from your current UTS Science postgraduate coursework degree into the UTS  Master of Science (Honours) . You’ll need to line up a faculty academic to be your supervisor. Entry into the Master of Science (Honours) is through an internal course transfer via the UTS Master of Science or UTS Master of Science (Extension). There is no direct entry into the UTS Master of Science (Honours).

I have started one of the UTS Science postgraduate coursework masters, e.g. Master of Science or Master of Science (Extension),or the Master of Quantitative Finance, but I can no longer continue my studies?

You can exit your degree through the UTS Graduate Diploma in Science or the UTS Graduate Diploma in Quantitative Finance, which are dependent on the number of subjects you have completed.

Want more information?

Attend a science and maths postgraduate info session.

Download the Science and Maths Postgraduate Course Guide . For information on the application process, here’s a step by step guide on how to apply .

Want to talk to someone?

Contact our course directors:

Ken Rodgers Higher Degree Research Programs Director [email protected]

Bernadette Saunders Postgraduate Coursework Programs Director [email protected]

UTS acknowledges the Gadigal people of the Eora Nation, the Boorooberongal people of the Dharug Nation, the Bidiagal people and the Gamaygal people, upon whose ancestral lands our university stands. We would also like to pay respect to the Elders both past and present, acknowledging them as the traditional custodians of knowledge for these lands.

Masters by Coursework vs. Research

What is the difference between research and masters by coursework.

If you’re on the verge of taking the leap into the realm of higher education, you’ve likely encountered a pivotal crossroads: the choice between pursuing a Master’s by Coursework or a Master’s by Research. This decision is not one to be taken lightly, for it can profoundly shape your educational journey and, in turn, your future career.

Differences Between Masters by Coursework and Research

The primary differences between Master’s by Coursework and Master’s by Research lie in their program structures and objectives. Master’s by Coursework programs emphasize structured coursework, offering a predetermined curriculum covering a wide range of topics within a field of study. In contrast, Master’s by Research programs prioritize original research, with students delving deeply into a specific research topic under faculty guidance. The former typically takes 1-2 years, focusing on knowledge and skill acquisition through exams and assignments, while the latter involves research progress assessments and the completion of a thesis or dissertation. These distinctions make the choice between the two pathways crucial, depending on your career goals and preferred learning style.

Program Structure

Master’s by coursework.

In a Master’s by Coursework program, the emphasis is on structured coursework. You’ll follow a predetermined curriculum, taking a series of classes that cover a broad range of topics related to your field of study. These courses are designed to provide you with a well-rounded knowledge base and skill set in your chosen area.

Typically, a Master’s by Coursework program is completed within one to two years, making it a shorter and more focused option. However, the workload can be quite intense, with multiple assignments, exams, and projects to complete during each semester.

Master’s by Research

On the flip side, a Master’s by Research program is all about diving deep into a specific research topic. Instead of following a structured curriculum, you’ll have more autonomy in shaping your academic journey. The heart of this program lies in conducting original research under the guidance of a faculty advisor.

Master’s by Research programs tend to be more flexible in terms of duration. While they can often be completed in two years, the timeline may extend based on the complexity of your research and the pace at which you work.

Curriculum and Courses

In a Master’s by Coursework program, you’ll follow a structured curriculum that includes a variety of courses. These courses are designed to cover a wide range of topics within your field of study, ensuring that you gain a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter.

The benefits of this structured approach include exposure to various aspects of your field and the opportunity to build a diverse skill set. However, it may leave you with limited time for independent research.

In a Master’s by Research program, the curriculum is more flexible and research-driven. While you may still have some coursework requirements, they are typically minimal and are chosen to support your research objectives. The majority of your time and effort will be devoted to your research project.

Research Component

In a Master’s by Coursework program, the research component is typically limited or even absent. While some programs may include a small research project or a capstone project, the primary focus is on coursework and the acquisition of knowledge and skills.

This research experience is invaluable if you’re planning to pursue a Ph.D. or a career in research, as it provides you with hands-on experience in the research process. Your Master’s thesis or dissertation is a tangible product of your research efforts and serves as a demonstration of your research skills.

Assessment Methods

Assessment in a Master’s by Coursework program primarily involves exams, assignments, and projects related to the courses you take. These assessments are designed to evaluate your understanding of the course material and your ability to apply the knowledge and skills you’ve acquired.

In a Master’s by Research program, the assessment process is quite different. While you may have some coursework assessments related to your research skills, the primary focus is on your research progress and the quality of your Master’s thesis or dissertation.

Thesis/Dissertation Requirement

A thesis or dissertation is typically not required in a Master’s by Coursework program. Instead, you’ll graduate upon successfully completing the required coursework and meeting any other program-specific requirements, such as passing comprehensive exams or completing a capstone project.

The focus in this type of program is on the coursework and the acquisition of knowledge and skills rather than on producing original research. As a result, you won’t have to invest the same level of time and effort in writing a lengthy research document.

Career Opportunities and Future Prospects

A Master’s by Coursework program is well-suited for individuals who are seeking to enter the workforce immediately after graduation. It provides a strong foundation of knowledge and practical skills that are directly applicable to various careers.

A Master’s by Research program is an excellent choice if you have a strong interest in research and plan to pursue a career in academia, research institutions, or specialized fields that require advanced research skills.

While graduates of Master’s by Research programs can also enter the workforce, their career paths often lead to roles that involve research, analysis, and contributions to the advancement of knowledge in their respective fields.

Financial Considerations

The cost of a Master’s by Coursework program can vary widely depending on the institution, location, and specific program. Generally, these programs have tuition fees that cover the cost of instruction, resources, and facilities.

Funding for research-based master’s programs often comes from research grants and projects, and students may be expected to actively contribute to the research efforts of their department or faculty advisor. This can provide valuable research experience but may not offer the same financial stability as a coursework-based program.

Faculty Interaction and Mentorship

In a Master’s by Coursework program, you will interact with faculty members primarily in a classroom setting. While you may have opportunities to seek guidance or discuss coursework-related questions, the level of faculty mentorship tends to be less intensive compared to Master’s by Research programs.

Master’s by Research programs offer a unique advantage in terms of faculty interaction and mentorship. You will work closely with a faculty advisor who is an expert in your research area. This advisor guides your research project, offers critical feedback, and helps you navigate the complexities of your field.

Research Facilities and Resources

However, some coursework programs do provide access to research facilities, especially if they include a capstone project or research-oriented courses. It’s essential to inquire about the availability of such resources when considering a program.

Time Commitment

Master’s by Coursework programs are known for their relatively shorter duration, typically ranging from one to two years. The structured coursework and regular semester schedules keep the program on a well-defined timeline.

Master’s by Research programs offer more flexibility in terms of time commitment. While they can often be completed within two years, the actual duration may vary based on the complexity of your research and the time required to collect and analyze data.

The extended timeline allows you to delve deeply into your research and ensures that you have ample time to produce a comprehensive thesis or dissertation. However, it also means that you must be self-motivated and disciplined to manage your research effectively.

Funding and Scholarships

Funding opportunities for Master’s by Research programs may differ from coursework-based programs. In many cases, students in research-focused master’s programs receive stipends, research assistantships, or fellowships that provide financial support during their studies.

These funding options are typically linked to research projects and may require you to work on specific research initiatives within your department or research group. While they can offer financial stability, they also come with research responsibilities.

International Considerations

International students may find it easier to secure admission to coursework programs since they primarily assess academic qualifications and standardized test scores. However, the availability of scholarships and financial aid may vary by country and institution.

Transition to Ph.D. Programs

If your long-term goal is to pursue a Ph.D., a Master’s by Coursework can be a viable pathway, but it may require additional steps. To transition to a Ph.D. program, you may need to demonstrate research experience and readiness by engaging in independent research projects or gaining research-related work experience.

Many universities and institutions offer streamlined pathways from Master’s by Research to Ph.D. programs, allowing you to seamlessly continue your research journey. This transition is often facilitated by strong faculty relationships and research contributions.

Masters by Coursework or Research: Which One is Right Choose for You?

Program Structure : In a Master’s by Coursework program, you’ll engage in structured coursework that covers a range of subjects within your field of study. The curriculum is predetermined, and you’ll attend classes, participate in discussions, and complete assignments.

Duration : Typically, Master’s by Coursework programs can be completed in one to two years, making them a shorter and more focused option.

Research Component : Master’s by Coursework programs often have limited or no research requirements, making them suitable for those who prefer coursework over research.

Thesis/Dissertation : Thesis or dissertation work is typically not required in Master’s by Coursework programs.

Duration : Master’s by Research programs usually take one to two years, but the timeline can vary depending on the complexity of your research.

Research Component : Research is the heart of this program, and you’ll be expected to actively engage in research activities throughout your studies.

Which One is Right for You?

Master’s by coursework may be a better fit if:, master’s by research may be a better fit if:.

The main difference lies in the program structure and focus. Master’s by Coursework programs emphasize structured coursework and skill acquisition, while Master’s by Research programs prioritize original research in a specific field.

In Master’s by Coursework, assessment methods include exams, assignments, and projects related to coursework. Master’s by Research assesses research progress and requires the completion and defense of a thesis or dissertation.

Research is limited in Master’s by Coursework programs, with the primary focus on coursework. Some programs may include small research projects or capstone projects.

Both program types may offer financial assistance such as scholarships, assistantships, and grants, but the availability and criteria can vary.

Master’s by Coursework programs are often attractive to international students due to their structured nature. However, Master’s by Research programs can provide substantial research experience for those seeking research-oriented careers.

Consider your career goals, interests, and preferred learning style. Master’s by Coursework is suitable for those seeking practical skills, while Master’s by Research is ideal for research enthusiasts and those planning Ph.D. pursuits.

Yes, you can transition, but you may need to supplement your coursework-based program with additional research experience to meet Ph.D. program requirements.

Yes, Master’s by Research programs often offer extensive access to research facilities, laboratories, and library resources to support your research endeavors.

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Taught vs Research Master's: What's the difference?

One of the first choices you'll need to make when considering a Master’s is whether to enrol on to a taught Master's or a research Master's course. 

In this blog post, we explore the key differences between these two types of postgraduate degree - helping you make an informed decision about which one is right for you.

What is a taught Master's?

What is a research master's, what are the differences, which is right for me, what's next after a master's, are the fees different is funding the same, search for a course.

Similar to a Bachelor’s degree, a taught Master's course is structured around a series of taught modules, lectures, seminars, and assessments. The curriculum is designed to give you an in-depth understanding of a specific subject area.

You’ll typically attend lectures, participate in group projects, and carry out various forms of assessment - such as exams, essays, and group projects - with plenty of support from your tutors.

One of the primary advantages of a taught Master's is the structure of the course. This format is well-suited for those who prefer a more guided and classroom-oriented approach to learning.

In contrast, a research Master's places a greater emphasis on independent research and research expertise. You will have a mix of taught modules and a research project. This allows you to develop deeper knowledge in your chosen subject area and also acts as excellent preparation for a PhD.

While there may be some taught components, the core of the course centres around the completion of a focused and original piece of research under the guidance of a supervisor, which forms the basis of your thesis or dissertation.

Research Master's are best suited to students who thrive in independent learning and are passionate about contributing to the body of knowledge in their chosen field. 

1. Learning style 

• Taught Master's : emphasises structured learning with a focus on coursework and assessments.
• Research Master's : requires a greater level of independent study and research, culminating in a research project. You’ll develop your research skills by designing, completing and producing this project. 

2. Assessment methods

• Taught Master's : assessments typically include exams, essays, and group work.
• Research Master's : assessment methods vary but usually include essays, presentations, professional skills assessment and a research project.

3. Duration

• Taught Master's : often completed within 12 months if studied full-time, with part-time and flexible study options available.
• Research Master's : traditionally these courses are 12 months full-time or 24 months part-time. 
• Taught Master’s : the most common are MSc, MA and MBA.
• Research Master’s : these are often either MRES, MLitt, MMus, MPhil or LLM by research degrees.

Choosing between a taught and a research Master's degree depends on your preferences, career goals, and favoured learning style. You might want to consider the following factors:

• career goals : if you’re thinking of pursuing a career that requires specialised knowledge and skills, a taught Master's may be more suitable
• further study :  if you’re interested in academic research, or are considering doing a PhD in the future, a research Master's will provide you with valuable research experience
• learning style : decide whether you work better in a structured learning environment, or prefer the autonomy of independent research
• time commitment : consider your commitment to a more extended course if you choose a research Master's, which may require additional time for research and thesis completion

There are plenty of opportunities available after completing a taught or research Master's degree. Some potential routes include:

• PhD or doctoral study : a research Master's can be a great stepping stone for those looking to pursue a PhD and contribute to academic research
• professional advancement : taught Master's courses will prepare you with the practical skills and knowledge needed for entry into your chosen profession. If you decide a PhD is not for you, many professions will value the research skills developed through a research Master’s.
• entrepreneurship : both qualifications can set you up for entrepreneurial opportunities - especially if your Master's research or coursework is aligned with a business idea. At Newcastle, our START UP team can support you with where to start when considering working for yourself. 

Tuition fees vary across taught and research Master's courses; funding opportunities and scholarships are often available for both.

If you’re from the UK, or are a student from the EU, another EEA, or a Swiss national with settled or pre-settled status under the EU Settlement Scheme, you normally pay the ‘Home’ rate. International students will be charged fees at the ‘International’ rate.

For a complete list of funding opportunities, search Newcastle’s funding database for the most up-to-date information about current funding. 

Search for a Master's

Ready to take the next step? At Newcastle University, we offer over 300 Master’s courses – both taught and research-based. Use our online search tool to explore courses filtered by your requirements.

Search Master’s courses .

Published By Yasmina Carlton on 16/01/2024 | Last Updated 06/02/2024

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Difference Between Taught and Research Masters

• Updated on  
• Aug 26, 2021

Students are confused after completing their graduation whether to work or pursue higher education. A master’s degree has numerous advantages including personal development, gaining in-depth knowledge and skills. It is important to choose the master’s program which is most suitable for students. In this blog, we will explore the main differences between Taught Masters and Research Masters.

Table of contents

• Major Differences Between Taught Masters and Research Masters 

What is Taught Master?

What is a research master, suitability, taught masters vs research masters: which one is better.

Also Read: Bachelors vs Masters Abroad

Major Differences Between Taught Masters and Research Masters 

Taught Masters and Research masters both help students to become an expert in the area of their difference but still different from each other. The table given below explains the difference in detail: 

Taught masters is quite similar to an undergraduate program. It includes a number of modules wherein students get the opportunity to learn through a series of lectures, seminars, workshops, and lab work. However, compared to an undergraduate degree, here students are expected to present and lead group seminars. The students get the chance to study and research independently. Students will also get the required guidance and support from their professors and lecturers. 

As compared to taught masters, research masters is much more independent in nature and more suited for students who wish to opt for PhD later. In Research Masters, there will be very few lectures or seminars and is more focused on conducting research independently with the occasional support of a guide or supervisor. students also get the opportunity to efficiently manage their workload and studies and they can choose to focus on a topic of their choice. 

The main difference between Taught and Research Masters is the coursework involved in each of these programs. While Taught Masters is quite similar to undergraduate programs, Research Masters involves a more independent approach towards research. 

Students who undertake taught masters have to attend a series of lectures, seminars, workshops, and lab work. Here students also get the chance to choose from a wide variety of courses since almost every subject can be studied under taught masters. It follows similar coursework to an undergraduate program, it is an easier transition for students who want to pursue their higher studies in a specific field. Basically, taught master courses are very useful for gaining more advanced knowledge in various subjects. 

On the other hand, students who go for research master courses are generally the ones who want to pursue their PhD. Here students get the opportunity to take up a research topic of their choice and they will be occasionally guided with the help of an experienced supervisor. Research Masters involves spending time on collecting and analyzing data and information on the chosen research topic. This information has to be very well structured and written in order for it to be accepted for publication in renowned research journals. Here, students are not burdened by multiple lectures and seminars. Students have freedom in managing their workload and studies. 

Another major difference between taught and research masters is the assessment. Under taught masters, students are assessed on the basis of examination, coursework, group projects, dissertations. On the contrary, under research masters, students are evaluated on the basis of dissertations and the occasional exams or marked essays. The main form of assessment involves a professional judgment of the research work and an oral exam related to the research project. 

Also Read: 1 Year Masters Programs in Canada

Taught masters can be usually completed within a period of 12 months provided it is full-time. However, in the case of part-time, Taught masters are completed within 24 months. 

When it comes to research masters, it usually takes much longer to complete owing to the amount of research work involved. Research masters can be completed within 1-2 years or even more, depending on whether it’s full-time or part-time. Research Masters courses can also last 36 months. 

Both the programs have their own unique set of features and courses, it is important for students to understand which program would be more suitable for their needs. Here are few points that will help you decide if taught master courses is more suitable for you:

• Enjoy attending lectures and seminars. It is also suitable for those students who are interested in studying a variety of subjects
• Students who have done well on their bachelor’s degree and want to complete their higher studies within a short span of time
• Students that wish to enhance their skills-sets broadly
• Students that enjoy frequent contact with their peers and professors
• Lastly, students who want to improve their employability by enhancing their knowledge in a wide variety of subjects

Here are few points that will help you decide if research master courses are more suitable for you:

• Students who want to gain entry into a research-based career
• Students that are focused on a single subject matter
• Students who want to pursue PhD or gain a better understanding of PhD studies
• Students that enjoy studying and researching independently

Also Read: Masters in Entrepreneurship and Innovation

Another significant difference between Taught and Research Masters is the type of programs or courses offered. Here is the list of popular programs under-taught and research level masters:

Taught Masters Programs:

• Master of Arts (MA)
• Master of Science (MSc)
• Master of Business Administration (MBA)

Research Masters Programs:

• Master of Philosophy (MPhil)
• Master of Research ( MRes)
• Master of Arts (MA by Research)
• Master of Science (MSc by Research)

While it can be difficult to choose a master’s program most suitable for you. It is important for students to pick the one that can help them personally as well as professionally. There is no better or best, but a matter of which is more suited to your needs. While a Taught Master would be more preferable for students who want to focus on a particular career goal and wish to gain a wider range of skills and knowledge. For those who wish to enter into a world of academics and research, a research master’s is more preferable. 

It all depends on the field that the students are interested in. Nevertheless, obtaining master’s courses from a recognized and reputed institution is quite crucial for students because it opens up excellent opportunities for them.

We hope through this blog, you have gained a better understanding of the differences between a Taught Masters and Research Masters. Each program has its own distinct advantages and features. If you’re planning to pursue your higher studies but are still confused about top universities and the application process, reach out to experts at Leverage Edu to clear your doubts and queries. 

Team Leverage Edu

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• You are currently on: Taught or research masters

Taught or research masters

Masters degrees at the University of Auckland are generally offered as either research or taught (coursework) masters. Find out more about the benefits of both for international students.

What is a masters degree?

A masters degree is a degree programme demonstrably in advance of undergraduate level, that provides training in scholarship and research.

This allows you to build on your previous study by increasing your knowledge in a specific subject area, enhancing your career prospects and understanding. It offers transferrable skills, researched alongside leading academic staff, rigorous intellectual analysis and problem solving.

Masters degrees usually consist of full time study of either:

• one year (120 points)
• 18 months (180 points)
• or two years (240 points)

Our masters programmes are generally 180 points (18 months of full-time study) or 240 points (two years of full-time study). If you have already completed a year of postgraduate study, e.g. a postgraduate diploma, you may be admitted directly to a 120 point version (one year of full-time study).

Eligibility for the different options depends on the prior study you have completed. Some programmes will only include some of these options.

A masters degree can be structured as either a research or a taught programme and will have a points value assigned to it.

• Research masters include a thesis or research portfolio of at least 90 points.
• Taught masters are comprised of mainly taught courses, but can include a dissertation or research project of less than 90 points.

What's the difference between a taught or research masters?

Taught masters.

Taught (or coursework) masters degrees will give you advanced specialist training in your chosen field. They are usually completed by coursework only, although some can include a dissertation.

Taught masters programmes are becoming increasingly popular with international students at the University of Auckland. With a focus on applied learning and preparation for work, these programmes can produce well-rounded graduates with a broad range of technical and soft skills.

We offer taught masters degrees across various disciplines.

Research masters

As New Zealand’s premier research-led university, we also offer research masters for international students.

A research masters degree provides you with the opportunity to develop advanced research skills and present findings in a documented scholarly form such as a thesis. Your research should make an independent contribution to learning or offer a critical perspective on existing scholarship or methodology.

The University of Auckland has earned a great reputation for delivering academic and research excellence within a supportive learning environment. We give you the opportunity to learn from and collaborate with outstanding academic staff from New Zealand and around the world.

The University has built a broad academic community of researchers, scholars and students who are ready to support you as you challenge current beliefs, form and test new ideas, and embark on an enriching and fulfilling career. We look forward to welcoming you as a member of our community.

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• The Master of Research (MRes) Degree – A Guide

Written by Mark Bennett

The Master of Research (MRes) is a research Masters degree that emphasises independent study over taught instruction. It isn’t restricted to specific subject areas. Instead an MRes is awarded on any programme that focusses on a student’s own research activity.

You might want to apply for an MRes if you’re considering postgraduate study, but would rather carry out your own research than follow a taught course.

This page explains what an MRes is, including information on the typical length, content, and the difference between an MRes and taught Masters such as the MA or MSc .

Or, to read about other varieties of Masters degree, start with our full guide to postgraduate qualifications .

What is an MRes?

The MRes or is a common research-based Masters degree. Its name stands for ‘Master of Research’.

Whereas a taught Masters develops expertise in existing subject knowledge, an MRes places more emphasis on research expertise. In effect, the degree exists to train researchers , either for professional work or in preparation for a PhD .

You will still complete some taught units on an MRes. These will normally focus on practical topics such as research techniques and methodological principles. This distinguishes the MRes from a ‘full’ research Masters, such as the MPhil , which is usually based entirely on independent project work.

Defining an MRes

Universities vary in defining their postgraduate programmes. Some MRes programmes are actually categorised as ‘taught’ Masters degrees (distinguishing them from ‘pure’ research Masters qualifications such as the MPhil and PhD ).

What are the entry requirements for an MRes?

The most important entry requirement for an MRes will be a Bachelors degree in a relevant subject (probably at a 2.1 or above).

In addition, you may also be asked to put forward a research proposal , or a personal statement describing your academic goals and interests. Admissions tutors will want to know that you have the enthusiasm and self-direction to complete a more independent program.

Is an MRes ‘worth’ more than a ‘taught’ Masters degree?

Like the MA or MSc, the MRes is still a ‘ second cycle ’ degree, following undergraduate study, but preceding doctoral-level research.

However, an MRes course may be more valuable to students following an academic career path, for whom the additional research training and experience is valuable.

An MRes may also be a useful final degree if you plan to work in a commercial or industrial career where some research experience is valuable, but a full PhD is not required.

What's the difference between an MRes and an MPhil?

The MRes is a self-contained qualification. This distinguishes it from other research Masters such as the MPhil (Master of Philosophy) which is normally a precursor to a PhD.

It’s simplest to think of the MRes as a research training qualification. The MPhil on the other hand, is a single research project. An MRes degree can prepare you for a PhD, whereas an MPhil may actually be part of one.

Some universities do award an MRes to PhD students who exit their programme early, but this is quite rare. Others award the MRes within a longer ‘1+3’ PhD programme.

MRes vs MSc / MA

The main difference to take into account when comparing an MRes with an MSc or MA is the way in which they’re delivered. While an MRes primarily consists of an extended, self-guided research project, MSc and MAs involve a selection of taught modules (as well as a dissertation).

And, on the topic of dissertations: an MRes dissertation / thesis is going to be longer than one completed as part of an MSc or MA. An MRes dissertation is around 35,000 words long, compare to 15-20,000 for an MA / MSc dissertation.

Both kinds of qualification are a year long and worth 180 CATS points.

MRes degrees within 1+3 PhD programs

If you know you want to continue to a PhD after your Masters you may wish to consider a ‘1+3’ program. These combine a Masters and a PhD . You’ll complete one year of Masters level work followed by three years at PhD level.

UK universities usually offer these ‘joint’ programmes as fully-funded pathways, designed to develop prospective researchers.

The Masters year of a 1+3 programme is often an MRes course, taking advantage of the degree’s focus on research training. Studying in this way will award you an MRes after one year of study and a PhD after four.

Interested in a 1+3 programme?

If you’re planning on completing a doctorate, an integrated Masters and PhD could be a great option (particularly as many of these programmes are fully funded!). You can find out more about 1+3 opportunities in our guide

Which countries award MRes degrees?

The Master of Research is a relatively new type of Masters, designed for students who wish to acquire research training at an earlier stage of the degree cycle.

It is most common in the UK and is offered as a research training qualification. Students either study an MRes to prepare for a PhD , or as a final degree providing professional research skills.

In Europe pure research degrees are rare at the ‘second cycle’ (Masters) level. Instead, most universities will expect you to acquire advanced subject knowledge through a taught Masters. You can then proceed to independent research at ‘third cycle’ (PhD) level.

Which subjects award MRes degrees?

Like higher research degrees, the MRes isn’t specific to a particular academic discipline. You can study an MRes in any subject, provided it offers enough scope for research training.

Some universities do distinguish between different types of MRes , mirroring the distinction between taught MA or MSc programs:

• An MRes in Arts and Humanities subjects may be referred to as a ‘Master of Arts by Research’, commonly abbreviated to MARes or MA (Res).
• An MRes in Science and Technology subjects may be referred to as a ‘Master of Science by Research’, commonly abbreviated to MScRes or MSc (Res).

There isn’t a consistent distinction between these specific qualifications and more ‘generic’ MRes programmes. Some universities may use ‘MA by Research’ or ‘MSc by Research’ (etc) to describe a programme with more taught components and subject-specific focus.

Who should study an MRes?

The MRes is ideal if your main goal is to acquire research training.

This might be because you want to prepare for a PhD. Though an MA or MSc includes a dissertation, the MRes offers much more research experience. It also provides more extensive research training, allowing you to really hit the ground running when you begin a PhD.

Alternatively, you may actually study an MRes because you don’t want to do a PhD. Many professions value research skills, but a full three-year PhD may not be necessary. An MRes offers a shorter, more focussed, route to research training.

Remember though, an MRes might present a more challenging transition from undergraduate to postgraduate study. You’ll still have some guidance and support (and won’t simply be thrown in at the deep end!) but there will be a more rapid emphasis on independent work.

Taught, or research?

Don’t worry if you’re not sure whether a taught or research Masters is right for you. Both have their advantages and it’s worth considering and comparing individual programs before making a decision. You can find more information in our guide to taught vs research Masters degrees . We've also taken a look at how the MA, MSc and MRes compare over on our blog.

What’s it like to study an MRes?

The MRes offers a fairly unique study experience. Despite its name, the degree actually sits somewhere between more conventional taught and research qualifications.

Studying an MRes will involve some of the taught instruction that defines an MA or MSc. But you’ll spend most of your time on extended research projects like those involved in an MPhil or PhD.

The exact balance between taught and research units varies between different MRes programs. The general requirement is for a programme to be at least 70% research , but individual courses will be organised differently.

Some may start with methodological training before transitioning into an extended research project. Others may intermix core taught units with independent project tasks. In some cases you may be able to choose for yourself whether or not to include taught units in your degree (up to a maximum number).

Whatever the format for your MRes the emphasis will very much be upon your own research work. Taught units will support this, but will not account for a large part of your overall grade.

How long is an MRes?

In the UK , an MRes usually requires at least one year of full-time study. Some courses can be longer, however. A part-time degree will normally last two years.

MRes degrees are much less common in Europe . Those that are available are likely to be longer – lasting up to two years.

Dedicated research Masters are also rare in other parts of the world. Most countries prefer to focus on taught instruction at Masters level, leaving advanced research for MPhil and PhD programs.

How many credits is an MRes worth?

An MRes is normally worth 180 UK credits.

Most of these will be earned through research. A typical MRes might involve around 160 credits of research work (in the form of multiple projects, or a single large dissertation). This will be supplemented by around 20 credits of training.

What are MRes research projects like?

In some ways the research you’ll do for an MRes is a lot like the final dissertation required for an MA or MSc.

You’ll select a topic, be assigned a supervisor and conduct an independent investigation before presenting a thesis of your findings.

As you’d expect, however, the research required by an MRes is much more extensive. (The degree is called a Masters of Research, after all!).

This might mean that you’ll be expected to complete multiple research projects. This is more likely for technical or professional subjects that require training in different types of research.

Or, you might simply complete one large project. If so, you can expect this to be much longer than the dissertation for a taught degree. Whereas an MA, for example, will usually require a dissertation of 15-20,000 words, an equivalent MRes project will be closer to 35,000 words (or more!).

The academic scope of your research may also be more demanding. You won’t be judged by PhD standards (for which a substantial original contribution to knowledge is required). But you may be expected to be closer to this level than an equivalent MA or MSc dissertation.

The advantage of this is that an MRes really does provide a full academic research experience. Whereas the dissertation is a single (but significant) part of a taught Masters, your work on an MRes will make you a proficient and professional researcher.

After that, taking the step up to PhD level may be surprisingly easy.

Search for an MRes now

The best way to decide whether an MRes is right for you is to compare some actual Master of Research programmes . Why not start looking now?

Our postgrad newsletter shares courses, funding news, stories and advice

Want to find out about the differences between taught and research Masters degrees? Our guide covers the essentials, including fees and funding.

Exploring higher education options? Learn exactly what an integrated Masters degree is and how it can help fast-track you in your chosen field with our guide.

Some professional Masters degrees are designed to prepare students to work in specific jobs, such as Social Work, Engineering and Architecture qualifications.

This guide covers the extra costs associated with studying GEM and an overview of where to find alternative financial support.

This guide covers how funding for Graduate Entry Medicine tuition fees and cost of living support works across the UK and for International students.

The Juris Doctor is a graduate-entry degree in Law. It is the main way of qualifying as a lawyer in the USA, and is also available in a number of other countries. This guide covers entry requirements, career options and more!

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Master by Coursework vs. Master by Research: Which One to Choose?

“In preparing for your future academic degree, prospective Master’s degree students should comprehend various academic and non-academic aspects that will be experienced at the study destination, including the pathways of graduate studies.

In this article, Yogi Saputra Mahmud (Content Director for Australia, New Zealand, and Pacific Islands) will help you understand more about the differences between Master by Coursework vs. Master by Research, as well as some advice to select a pathway of graduate studies.”

Before starting your initial journey as a master’s degree student overseas, it is essential to explore the programs you wish to take. University websites will always become the best source of information for you to examine the desired courses. For instance, before I decided to pursue a Master’s degree in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) , I started my investigation by visiting several university websites all over the globe. Ultimately, I chose Monash University as my study destination as it offers a very unique course pathway that supported my future career.

At Monash University, I also experienced working as a Student Engagement Officer who helped students in their course progression. At that time, I realised that different universities might have different types of graduate studies offered to prospective students. Some Master degree programs are specifically designed for a full-coursework, a full-research, and coursework with a partial research pathway during the study, which will be exemplified further below.

Master by Coursework

On its website, Edith Cowan University outlines that A Masters by Coursework “is a professional qualification involving the study of a specified set of core units and a selection of eligible elective units” ( ECU, 2019 ). In other words, Master by Coursework students are required to enrol in classes that belong to compulsory units and choose several elective units for a certain number of credit hours throughout their study. During the study, you are also expected to complete assignments/projects/exams specified in each class or unit.

An example of Masters by Full Coursework pathway that I will illustrate here is Master of Business at Monash University . As an industry-focused graduate program, Master of Business enormously creates a professionally developed and socially responsible business practitioner. Therefore, the full coursework type allows you to immerse yourself in practical understanding to become an effective business practitioner.

As shown in the picture above, a Master of Business course requires its students to complete 96 credit points consisting of three major parts, including Advanced Preparatory, Mastery Knowledge, and Application Studies. Students will have to take core units and some elective units based on their interests in each part. In my perspective, the full coursework type will allow students to scrutinise theoretical and practical understandings in a particular field. Furthermore, it also enables students to tailor their expertise in their area based on their selection of core and elective units throughout their academic journey.

Master by Coursework + Partial Research

Besides the full coursework pathway, some Master’s degree programs also offer a partial research stream as an alternative pathway in the Masters by Coursework program. Usually, the partial research stream requires the students to complete a minor thesis comprising less than 15,000 words.

There are several requirements that you must fulfil to take this pathway. For instance, I personally took this pathway when I was studying at Monash University. Regarding this, the Master of TESOL course offers a Master by Coursework for prospective students. However, this course also has an alternative research pathway for those who achieve satisfactory results (75 of 100) from the first to the third semester. Since other courses may have different requirements, you are advised to check the university website or the course handbook to investigate them further.

As can be identified in the picture below, Master of TESOL at Monash University offers either a Master of Full Coursework or Master of Coursework + a partial research pathway. I believe that both types provide different advantages for prospective students. In this case, students who prefer a Master of Full Coursework type will have a more comprehensive experience in teaching and other professional development programs. Similarly, those who select a partial research pathway will improve their research experience and capacity, which can become an essential milestone for their future academic trajectory at Ph.D.

Master by Research

In a Master by Research program, students are required to submit “a completed thesis based on an independent research project” ( ECU, 2019 ). Furthermore, students will engage with a research supervisor throughout the completion of their research project. In this graduate study type, students will not have to attend any course units (core or elective units). However, there might be some preliminary classes to support their understanding of their research project, including classes in research methodology and statistics. Therefore, it is essential to explore the course progression and requirement in the university website or course handbook.

An example that I will illustrate here is the Master of Engineering Science (Research) at Monash University. This course is offered with two years and four years duration for full-time and part-time study respectively. Regarding this, students have to complete a research project in the areas of chemical engineering, civil engineering, electrical and computer systems, materials, and mechanical engineering. In each area of research, students will also be able to explore several subthemes that they are interested in. Ultimately, students are required to submit a thesis of not more than 50,000 words to complete their Master by Research degree.

In the other Master by Research courses, students will also find areas of research that can be selected as the theme of your research project. In addition, communication between yourself as the prospective student and a prospective supervisor is also necessary to ensure that the suitability of the research project, as well as the approval from the prospective supervisor to supervise you throughout the academic program. You can find the list of prospective supervisors by entering the following keyword in the Google search box: “find a supervisor + University name + Faculty/Department name.”

Which One to Choose?

As stated earlier, each type of graduate studies has its particular characteristics. In this regard, Masters by Full Coursework pathway allow you to deepen theoretical and practical insights about a specific area of knowledge. For instance, a Master by Full Coursework pathway at Master of TESOL course allows the students to immerse in teaching and classroom supervision, further supporting the key developments of becoming an effective teacher after completing the study. In other words, a Master by Full Coursework pathway is suitable for those who are planning to have a future career as a professional/expert in a particular field (e.g., business practitioner, education practitioner, and many more).

However, some Masters by Full Coursework pathway also offers a partial research pathway for those planning to extend their understanding of research. The partial research along with Masters by Full Research pathways are essential for students who would like to pursue a Doctoral degree since most Ph.D. programs require their applicants to have prior experience in completing a substantial amount of research in the form of a Master’s thesis. Furthermore, those who intend to become researchers, analysts, and university lecturers will also benefit from taking these pathways since the professions require them to engage in rigorous research and other academic projects.

Main Takeaways

It is important for you to explore the available pathways in the Master’s degree course that you desire. Every pathway at the graduate level has its own characteristics and strengths that ultimately affect your overall academic trajectory. Moreover, selecting a particular Master’s degree pathway should be based on the future career that you want to have.

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Masters by Dissertation vs. Coursework Masters

If you’re studying psychology and looking to register as a psychologist in the future, it is likely that you’ve heard about the above-mentioned qualifications. To clear up any misconceptions about these types of masters programmes, Cognition & Co have put together the following article highlighting the differences between them;

Masters by Dissertation:

A Masters by Dissertation is a purely academic M degree whereby students are required to conduct research that culminates in a dissertation. Different universities call these qualifications by different names (Academic Masters / Masters by Research, etc), however they all follow a similar format.

Most of these programmes can be done part-time through distance learning institutions however students will need to be in contact with their allocated supervisor. A supervisors’ role is to help, support and guide students through their research, ensuring the quality of the dissertation.

While a Masters by Dissertation is heavily research orientated, these degrees are different to a Research Masters degree in South Africa. A Research Masters is a full-time (sometimes part-time) coursework programme offered by some universities ( Wits ) which can lead to an HPCSA registration as a Research Psychologist .

Unlike a Research Masters, a Masters by Dissertation does not lead to registration with the HPCSA. Even once a student has completed a Masters by Dissertation, they are still not allowed to call themselves a Psychologist, nor will they be able to counsel clients, regardless of their dissertation topic or title.

These degrees are highly valued in academic circles and would certainly put any graduate in good stead to work in some form of higher education. Completing a dissertation also opens doors in terms of publishing one’s dissertation and having that accolade added to one’s portfolio.

Coursework Masters:

In order to become an HPCSA registered Psychologist in South Africa, students will need to complete a Masters Degree that includes a coursework aspect, as well as a dissertation. These are typically all full-time programmes (except some Research Masters) where students will spend their time between classes and supervision on a university campus, as well as at practicals in hospitals, clinics, or schools.

Again, universities may call these coursework programmes by different names (sometimes called Professional Masters), but they are typically M degrees in a specialized area of psychology. These specialized areas are defined by the HPCSA and are broken into different registered categories; i.e. Clinical , Counselling , Educational , Industrial , Research , and more recently Neuropsychology .

The duration of a coursework degree is also specific to the different universities. Many universities offer these degrees over a period of two years, however there are a number of universities that allow students to complete both their coursework and dissertation in just one year. Once a student has completed their 1 or 2 years of coursework, they may then register with the HPCSA as an Intern Psychologist and begin their 1 year internship. Following the completion of a 1 year internship, graduates may write their respective board exam with the HPCSA and upon passing will receive the title; Psychologist.

It is also important to note that students following the route ending in registration as a Clinical Psychologist, will also need to complete one year of community service once they have successfully passed their board exams .

To find out more about the route to becoming a Psychologist in South Africa, click the link provided above. Students are also welcome to contact us with questions or queries by clicking here .

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Postgraduate research degrees

Our research is driven by the big picture. The University of Sydney is home to leading researchers who are finding solutions to the world's most pressing issues by changing the way they look at them. 

We are home to 90 world‑renowned multidisciplinary research and teaching centres that tackle some of the world’s biggest challenges, such as health, climate change and food security. These centres include the Charles Perkins Centre, the Brain and Mind Centre ,  The University of Sydney Nano Institute , the Sydney Policy Lab , the Sydney Environment Institute , and the Sydney Southeast Asia Centre .

Our interdisciplinary approach means that students are part of a community of scholars that unites experts in fields as diverse as medicine, arts, social sciences, engineering, information technologies and science. 

As a researcher at Sydney, you'll work alongside some of the world's brightest and most accomplished academics. You can access high-calibre facilities and unique international partnerships with top-ranked institutions, including Stanford, UCLA, the University of Edinburgh, Utrecht University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, and the University of Hong Kong.

Types of research degrees

Master's degree by research.

A master's degree by research at Sydney:

• is the second-highest qualification on the Australian Qualifications Framework
• can be a gateway to study at a PhD level
• is usually one to two years full-time or two to four years part-time*
• is awarded based on a supervised thesis, which makes a substantial contribution to the knowledge of the subject concerned.

*Part-time is not available to international student visa holders.

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

A PhD at Sydney:

• is our premier research award and the highest qualification on the Australian Qualifications Framework
• comprises of independent research and writing on an approved topic toward a thesis for examination
• may be undertaken in all faculties and divisions, or across disciplines
• is usually 3.5 years of full-time or seven years of part-time* study.

If you’re interested in a Joint PhD program, you need to follow the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) application steps 1-3. In addition, your proposed supervisor will need to complete a proposal to negotiate a student agreement form. If accepted, you will also be required to sign an individual student agreement. After your student agreement is finalised, you will then be sent an application form for the Joint PhD program.

Please refer to the University's Dual and Joint Degree Policy for full policy details.

Download our  Joint PhD programs factsheet (pdf, 116KB)  to learn more.

Professional doctorate

A professional doctorate at Sydney:

• allows candidates to pursue rigorous scholarship alongside advancing their practice in many fields
• is usually three to four years of full-time or six to eight years of part-time* study.

Internship opportunities

Grow professionally and academically through a paid 3-6 month internship with an industry partner as you complete your degree.

The University of Sydney has partnered with  Australian Postgraduate Research Intern (APR.Intern)  to provide domestic and international HDR students with internship opportunities  in a range of sectors and disciplines.

A paid internship will allow you to:

• Develop competencies that will contribute to your research
• Gain industry experience, develop skills and build networks
• Enhance your employability
• Earn additional income

HDR coursework 

HDR coursework is mandatory for some of our research degrees. HDR coursework adds to your researcher toolkit so you can graduate with a robust set of skills, for a career in academia or industry.

Your faculty may elect to define certain units of study as mandatory for a given degree, or define any other studies as required by the progress evaluation panel of the research project. Refer to the relevant course in the  handbook .  

Frequently asked questions

Getting started, do i need prior research experience.

Yes, all HDR courses require prior research experience. This is because HDR courses are largely self-driven, requiring pre-requisite research, time and project management skills.

If I have no prior research experience how can I get started?

If you do not have any previous research experience, there are ways to gain what you need. Both the one-year honours and masters by coursework degrees containing substantial research components are great pathways into research. These courses will allow you to gain the research skills necessary to apply for the PhD.

What is the difference between a Master of Philosophy/Research and a PhD?

The PhD is our premier research award and the highest qualification on the Australian Qualifications Framework. The PhD is usually three years full-time or six years part-time.

The Master of Philosophy/Research is usually one to two years full-time or four years part-time (part-time is available to domestic students only). A PhD thesis is generally around 80,000 words while a master’s thesis is 50,000 words.

How do I find a supervisor?

To browse through the profiles of our researchers and learn about their current and past research, please refer to Find a Researcher . Here, you will also be able to access the publications lists and contact details of our researchers. 

My research idea crosses two disciplines – is this a problem?

No. Interdisciplinary research is highly regarded in the world of academia and working across disciplines can be very beneficial in developing and demonstrating different analytical skills. Working on research from two perspectives can also offer insight that you would not be able to achieve from one discipline perspective.

What are the English language requirements for a PhD?

Please check your  course page  for the requirements of each course. Generally, the English requirements are between 6.0 to 7.0 IELTS overall or equivalent in other accepted English proficiency tests.

How much do HDR courses cost?

There are no course fees for domestic students – fees are covered by the government Research Training Program (RTP) fee offset. However, fees apply to international students. Please refer to the  course page  for fee details.

What scholarships are available?

We have one of the largest research schemes in Australia. Opportunities include the Australian government-funded Research Training Program (RTP) stipend scholarships, and the University of Sydney and faculty-specific awards. Explore your options .

Degree progression

Do i have to undertake hdr coursework.

It depends on your degree. Your faculty may define certain units of study as mandatory for a given degree. Where this is not the case, you may still have the opportunity to complete units of study that you find useful to support your learning and research. 

Can I transfer from the Master of Philosophy into a PhD?

It is possible for students to move to the PhD after the first year of study, if you have made satisfactory progress and if the transfer is approved by your Faculty. It is important to inform your supervisor of your plans early so that you can work on a timeline together to achieve this goal.

Support during your studies

Am i able to work while studying my hdr course full-time.

Yes, you can work during your PhD. How many hours you take on is at your own discretion, and you must ensure that you still allow time for the completion of your research. International HDR students can generally work more hours than coursework students. Please check your individual visa for specific restrictions.

Will the university employ me during my PhD?

There are sometimes opportunities for PhD candidates to engage in paid employment at the University, but this is not guaranteed and is dependent on the Faculty/Department. If opportunities do arise, they may be in the form of teaching, marking, acting as a research assistant, or other roles.

What support services are available to research students?

There is extensive support for research students at Sydney, including 100+ multidisciplinary research and teaching centres.

Other services:

• Library workshops for research skills
• Academic Liasion Librarians
• Research Support Officers
• Careers Centre
• Sydney University Postgraduate Representative Association (SUPRA)
• Learning Hub

How to apply

Find a supervisor.

Search by keyword, location, topic or supervisor name

• 1800 SYD UNI ( 1800 793 864 )
• or +61 2 8627 1444

Student Centre, Level 3 Jane Foss Russell Building, Darlington Campus

Opening hours: 9am to 5pm, Monday to Friday

Prospective students

Facts & figures

Research at Sydney

• Top 20 Ranked one of the world's top universities*
• 100% of our research is ranked at world standard and above by the Australian Research Council
• 100+ multidisciplinary research and teaching centres
• * QS World University Rankings 2024

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The difference between a postgraduate vs master’s degree

At UNSW, you’re spoilt for choice with over 400 programs on offer.

But when it comes to navigating undergraduate, postgraduate and research programs, the terminology can get a little confusing. If you’re interested in taking your studies further and want to know the difference between a postgraduate degree and a master’s degree, we have good news for you.

They’re the same! Let us explain…

What is a postgraduate degree?

A postgraduate degree is (almost) any type of university program you undertake after completing undergraduate study. ‘Postgraduate’ is a handy umbrella term that helps us classify the “level” of study of a particular program. Postgraduate programs include master’s degrees, as well as graduate certificates and graduate diplomas. 

What is a master’s degree?

A master’s degree is a type of postgraduate degree. They’re often longer than graduate certificates and graduate diplomas, taking between 1-2 years to complete. They involve advanced study of your chosen field and allow you to further enhance your skills, develop a specialisation and gain more academic and professional experience in the field. 

There are two main types of master's degrees:

Course-based: Focuses on coursework and shorter research papers

Research-based: Requires an extensive thesis project

Master’s degrees can help you advance into leadership roles, increase your earning potential, and prepare for doctoral programs.

Choosing between a master’s and other postgraduate programs

If you’re keen to take on postgraduate study but aren’t sure if a master’s degree is right for you, we’ve broken down the key differences and things to be aware of before making a decision. 

Duration: Postgraduate degrees can range from 1-6+ years depending on the program level. Graduate diplomas and graduate certificates can take as little as six months while PhD and other doctoral programs can take up to six years. Master’s degrees are the sweet spot, generally taking 1-2 years to complete.

Cost: Postgraduate degrees vary in cost depending on factors like degree type, university, program prestige and whether you study domestically or internationally. Master's degrees are typically cheaper than doctoral degrees. The average cost of a master’s degree for domestic students is between $6,000 –$11,000 annually. For international students, it’s between $20,000 – $37,000 per year. We encourage all students to check their eligibility for scholarships to support their studies. 

Flexibility : Many postgraduate degrees offer flexible part-time options, catering to working professionals. Flexibility can depend on university policies and degree requirements. As with most programs, a master’s degree can be taken part-time but will extend the time to completion.

Can I change my Master's specialisation after a bachelor's degree?

Yes, many master’s programs are open to students from all academic backgrounds. This means you can change focus areas entirely or specialise further within your field. Depending on your undergraduate program, you may be eligible for Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)  to reduce your postgraduate study load.

Why should I do a master’s degree?

Studying a master’s degree offers many potential benefits, including:

• Higher salary prospects and job opportunities
• Preparation for PhD programs through research experience
• Specialised knowledge to stand out in your field
• Personal growth and development opportunities

What are some popular master’s degree options at UNSW?

We are known for producing Australia’s most employable graduates*. Our postgraduate programs are recognised all over the world. Here are some of our most popular master’s programs:

Master of Engineering

Master of Laws

Master of Commerce

Master of Information Technology

Master of Architecture

Master of Education

Master of Public Health

Master of Clinical Optometry

Master of Data Science

Master of Mathematics

Master of Actuarial Studies

*AFR Top 100 Future Leaders Awards 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024

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Research Mode or Mixed/Coursework Mode for Postgraduate Programs?

Postgraduate programs may be either coursework or research-based. There is a significant difference between these two types of programs, and one could be better suited to your objectives than the other.

Course-based Masters Degrees are taught through lectures, lab work, workshops, or distance learning, while research-based Masters Degrees enable students to conduct their research projects in a specialized area. Research-based postgraduate programs usually take longer to complete than course-based programs.

Continue reading to learn the main differences between course-based and research-based master’s degrees, and hopefully, this article can assist you in deciding which is best for you.

Coursework programs have a structure that includes core, elective, and optional units, and they include enrolment in these units, attendance for all scheduled classes, and assignment completion.

Online study is now available for some postgraduate courses, and attendance is not needed. The majority of coursework-based master’s programs provide study and may include the completion of a minor thesis.

On the other hand, research-based programs are awarded after completing a major thesis, which entails conducting independent original research under the supervision of a senior academic.

Students may complete additional units to broaden their knowledge, although this is determined on a case-by-case basis. Reports from students/supervisors to the appropriate graduate studies committee evaluate course progress rather than mandatory assignments.

Coursework-based Masters or Taught Master’s Degree

Master’s degrees that are taught are identical to undergraduate degrees. They consist of lectures, practical’s, and work seminars that offer a series of taught modules. You will be evaluated on the skills and expertise you have gained after completing these modules.

Coursework, tests, community tasks, and dissertations are used to assess students. Depending on the subject of research, you will be awarded a Master of Arts (MA), Master of Business Administration (MBA), or Master of Science (MSc) degree after your course. In contrast to popular belief, an MBA is purely a coursework-based program (not a research-based program).

Research-based Master’s Degree

Master’s degrees in science include learning by research. Many funding bodies only grant money to Ph.D. students who have completed research programs, so research-based degrees are seen as useful training for pursuing Ph.D. studies.

If you’re considering to study master’s, you will need to work independently because you won’t get as much tutoring as you will on a coursework-based degree. Supervisors, on the other hand, will provide you with assistance in developing your research proposal.

You would aim to get your work accepted for publication in a prestigious research journal. A professional judgment of your research work and a verbal test related to your research subject is used to assess research programs.

Depending on the topic of study, you will receive a Master of Research (MRes), Master of Philosophy (MPhil), Master of Science (MSc by Research), or Master of Arts (MA by Research) degree after your course.

Should I pursue a coursework-based or research-based master’s degree?

Your choice of the postgraduate program should be driven by your career ambitions, academic preferences, and preferred learning style.

A taught postgraduate course, such as an MA or MSc, could be best for you if you want to obtain more advanced subject knowledge and an additional qualification before entering the job market.

An accredited coursework program will be more beneficial if you have a particular career in mind. A Postgraduate Certificate or Diploma is most common, but a full taught course, such as a Masters of Social Work or a Legal Practice Course, can also be offered.

If you want to do academic research or work in a field where research skills are essential, an MRes is a good option. This will encourage you to concentrate on a solo project to learn research skills or to assess whether a longer research degree (such as a Ph.D.) is likely to appeal to you.

Suppose you want to pursue a career in academia. In that case, you may be able to enrol in an MPhil program after completing your undergraduate degree and then upgrade to a Ph.D. after making adequate progress.

In a Nutshell

If you’re wondering which postgraduate mode (research or coursework Masters) will allow you to go for your Ph.D., then you should know this. Most Ph.D. programs ask that applicants have any Master’s in an appropriate subject.

So, whether you pursue a Research-based or Coursework Master’s degree, if you meet the various admission criteria, you would be able to pursue a Ph.D. To find out more about the postgraduate programs at AIMST University , a prestigious medical university in Malaysia, feel free to get in touch with our friendly counsellors.

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Quick Guide: Your College Degree Options

Find the right college for you.

There are generally four categories of college degrees: associate degree, bachelor’s degree, graduate degree, and doctorate or professional degree. Each category comes with its own particular subcategories, and there are some subtle differences between a doctorate and a professional degree.

If you ever find yourself lost in the sea of abbreviations for degrees, you're not alone. This quick guide is here to clear the air regarding the types of degrees available to you and what each one means.

Guide to College Degrees, Professional Studies & Certifications

Associate degree.

An associate degree is a two-year degree typically offered at community colleges, technical colleges, and career colleges. However, some four-year universities offer them as well. Examples of some associate degrees include Associate of Arts (AA) and Associate of Science (AS).

AS degrees are generally more narrowly focused and prepare students for science and math-related careers. AA degrees are broader and focus on fields outside of math and science such as liberal arts, business administration, criminal justice, and culinary arts.

Some students who earn an associate degree transfer to a four-year program to earn a bachelor’s degree. Others complete associate degrees and then go straight to work.

Bachelor's or Baccalaureate Degree

Bachelor’s degrees require students to complete four- or five-year programs in a specific academic discipline. The two most common types of bachelor’s degrees are bachelor of arts (BA) and bachelor of science (BS). Other types of bachelor’s degrees include the bachelor of fine arts (BFA), and bachelor of architecture (BArch).

Because bachelor’s degrees train students to enter a specific field, many professional careers require them. Earning a bachelor’s degree can open the door to many job opportunities and increase your potential income.

Some institutions offer a liberal arts and career combination program, also called a 3-2 program. This is a type of dual degree in which a student completes three years of liberal arts study followed by two years of professional or technical study. In the end, students earn two bachelor’s degrees, usually a BA and a BS.

An example of this is Columbia University’s 3-2 Combined Plan program in which students can earn a BA and a BS in five years.

Some colleges also let you earn a teacher certification by combining bachelor's degree study with state certification requirements. State requirements vary, but these programs usually feature professional education courses, including student teaching.

Graduate Degree

Graduate degrees are advanced degrees that some students pursue after earning a bachelor’s degree. The two most common are master of arts (MA) and master of science (MS). Other examples include master of fine arts (MFA) and master of business administration (MBA). A graduate degree is like an extension of a bachelor’s degree whereby a student further enriches their knowledge of their field and narrows their f ocus of study .

Graduate degrees usually take around two years to attain, but this can vary based on the degree. Many institutions allow students to enroll in a graduate program in a field unrelated to their bachelor’s degree. This may require some extra credit hours, though.

Professional Degree

Students earn professional degrees to become licensed to work in professions like medicine or law. The M.D. degree is an example. Professional programs generally require a college degree before you start them and then at least three years of study to complete.

Doctoral Degree and Professional Degree

The doctorate and professional degrees are the highest levels of education one can attain. They signify mastery of a subject and often come with the coveted title “doctor.” Although the two are similar, there are some important differences.

A doctorate or doctoral degree is a research-oriented degree focused on scholarly development. The most common doctorate is the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD). Despite the name, a PhD covers many disciplines, not just philosophy.

A professional degree is an application-oriented degree, meaning it prepares students for a specific working position. There are many types of professional degrees. Some examples are: doctor of medicine (MD), doctor of pharmacy (PharmD), and doctor of medicine in dentistry (DMD) in the field of medicine, and juris doctor (JD) and doctor of juridical science (SJD) in the field of law.

A graduate degree does not need to precede a doctorate or professional degree. Often, students will go straight into a doctorate or professional program following their bachelor’s, however some programs will require a master’s degree to gain entry. Completion can take anywhere from four to eight years, depending on the field of study.

Many doctoral students work either full-time or part-time while they study in the program. This, along with the field they are studying, will significantly affect the time it takes to complete their degree.

Joint Degrees

Some students may choose to pursue a joint degree, also known as a dual degree, which means they simultaneously study for a bachelor’s degree and a graduate degree. Joint degrees can be pursued in the same college or can be split between two different colleges. For example, Berklee College of Music and Harvard University offer a dual bachelor’s/master’s program in which a student receives a bachelor of arts (BA) at Harvard and a master of music (MM) or master of arts (MA) at Berklee.

Depending on the program, it may be possible to study at the same time for a master's degree and a doctorate. For example, the University of Southern California offers a program leading to doctor of pharmacy and master of public health degrees.

How do academic degrees go in order?

There are four types of degrees. In order of level of education, they rank as associate degree, bachelor’s degree, master’s or graduate degrees, and doctorate or professional degrees.

How many degrees are there in college?

Most community colleges offer only two-year associate degrees, while most four-year colleges offer bachelor’s, graduate, and doctorate or professional degrees. Some four-year colleges may also have associate degree programs.

How many years do you have to be in college to achieve certain degrees?

Though it will vary between academic disciplines, associate degrees usually take two years to achieve, bachelor’s degrees take four years, master’s degrees take two years, and doctorate or professional degrees can take anywhere from four to eight years.

What is an eight-year degree?

An “eight-year degree” typically refers to a doctorate degree or PhD. Although some doctorates can be completed in as little as three years, these degrees typically require more time studying highly specialized subjects. Students in these programs often must defend a dissertation while already working a professional job.

What are the four years of college called?

The first four years of college are the undergraduate years, and a student studying for a bachelor’s degree is called an undergraduate. The four years refer to the total accumulated credit hours; a student may take fewer or more than four years to attain their undergraduate degree.

What does a graduate degree mean?

A graduate degree or master’s degree is an advanced degree that some students pursue after earning a bachelor’s degree. Earning a graduate degree signifies mastery of a particular field of study and focuses more intensely on a subject than a bachelor’s degree does. Graduate degrees usually take two years to attain.

What do you call a master's student?

A master's student is called a graduate student or “grad student” for short. A student still studying for a bachelor’s degree is called an undergraduate student or “undergrad student.”

How many years is a master's degree?

Graduate degrees usually take around two years to attain, but this can vary based on the degree. Many institutions allow students to enroll in a graduate program in a field unrelated to their bachelor’s degree, although it may require some extra credit hours.

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Master’s Degree vs Bachelor’s Degree: Which Has Better Career Opportunities? 

Updated: June 19, 2024

Published: June 13, 2024

Both Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees open doors to numerous career opportunities, but they do so in different ways and at different career stages. A Bachelor’s degree offers a foundational education, providing graduates with a broad understanding of various disciplines and serving as a stepping stone for further education or an entry point into the workforce. A Master’s degree builds on this foundation with specialized knowledge, targeting those who seek to deepen their expertise in a particular field and enhance their professional trajectory. 

Choosing between a Master’s degree or stopping at a Bachelor’s degree involves considering several factors, including career goals, the financial and time investments required, and the potential return on investment for career advancement and salary increases. While a Bachelor’s degree may be sufficient for entering many professional fields, a Master’s degree can be a transformative asset, offering advanced career opportunities not accessible with a Bachelor’s alone. Understanding the differences between these educational paths is crucial in making an informed decision that aligns with one’s career aspirations and personal goals in today’s evolving job landscape. 

What Is a Master’s Degree? 

A Master’s degree is an advanced academic credential that follows completing a bachelor’s program. It is designed to provide specialized knowledge and expertise within a particular field, allowing students to focus intensely on a specific study area. The typical duration of a Master’s program is one to two years, depending on the field and the program’s structure.  

Students engage in more complex and in-depth coursework than the undergraduate level during this time, often including rigorous classes and independent research. A thesis or capstone project is usually required, demonstrating the student’s ability to apply their specialized knowledge to real-world problems.  

Master’s programs are geared towards preparing individuals for advanced career opportunities, significantly enhancing their professional growth and enabling them to qualify for higher-level positions that are not typically accessible to those with only a bachelor’s degree. 

What is a Bachelor’s Degree? 

A Bachelor’s degree is an essential academic qualification that lays the groundwork for professional success and further education. Typically earned after completing secondary education, this degree spans about four years of full-time study. Bachelor’s programs provide a comprehensive education across various disciplines, allowing students to explore different fields before choosing a major.  

The curriculum includes general education courses and more focused classes in the selected study area. Skills such as critical thinking, communication, and problem-solving are emphasized, preparing graduates for a diverse range of career paths or for continuing their education at the graduate level.  

The Bachelor’s degree is often seen as the minimum requirement for entry-level positions in many industries, serving as a crucial stepping stone for both professional entry and future educational pursuits. 

How Do Master’s and Bachelor’s Degrees Differ? 

Understanding the fundamental differences between a Master’s and a Bachelor’s degree can guide prospective students in making informed decisions that align with their educational and career goals. 

Educational Level 

The most basic distinction is the academic level; a Bachelor’s degree is an undergraduate credential that provides a broad knowledge base and skills across multiple disciplines. A Master’s degree is a graduate-level qualification that builds on the undergraduate experience with a deeper focus on a specific field, offering advanced insights and specialized skills. 

Depth of Study 

Bachelor’s programs offer a comprehensive overview of a field, including general education requirements that foster a well-rounded educational experience. Master’s programs, however, dive much deeper into a subject with a curriculum that involves advanced coursework, more rigorous assessments, and often a thesis or comprehensive project that requires substantial independent research. 

Entry Requirements 

To enter a Bachelor’s program, students generally need a high school diploma or equivalent and satisfactory scores on entrance exams such as the SAT or ACT. For a Master’s program, candidates must typically hold a Bachelor’s degree. They may need to meet more specific prerequisites such as relevant undergraduate coursework, professional experience, and higher standardized test scores (e.g., GRE, GMAT). 

Professional Development 

Master’s programs frequently offer enhanced opportunities for professional development, including networking with peers, leaders, and academics deeply embedded in a specific industry. This can lead to mentorship opportunities and career advancement that are less commonly available through Bachelor’s programs. 

Focus and Specialization 

While Bachelor’s degrees provide foundational knowledge and allow for some specialization in a major, Master’s degrees are inherently specialized. Students choose a Master’s program to gain expert-level knowledge and skills in a particular area, which can be crucial for pursuing specific career paths that require such expertise. 

Salary Potential 

Generally, earning a Master’s degree can lead to higher salary potential than holding only a Bachelor’s degree. The advanced expertise and skills gained through a Master’s program often qualify graduates for higher-level, higher-paying roles that demand specialized knowledge. 

Master’s vs Bachelor’s Degree: Best Career Options 

The type of degree one pursues can significantly influence the range of career opportunities available. Master’s and Bachelor’s degrees open doors to various professional paths, but the nature and level of these opportunities can differ significantly. 

Career Opportunities with a Master’s Degree 

Obtaining a Master’s degree often positions individuals for advanced career prospects that are typically out of reach for those with only a Bachelor’s degree. Graduates with a Master’s degree are considered for higher-level positions, such as managerial, senior technical, and other leadership positions across industries.  

For example, in fields like business administration, engineering, and data science, a Master’s degree can qualify individuals for executive roles or specialized positions that demand a deep understanding of the subject and advanced problem-solving skills.  

Master’s degree holders also often see a significant salary premium. They are more likely to be considered for promotions and career advancement due to their specialized skills and higher level of education. 

Career Opportunities with a Bachelor’s Degree 

A Bachelor’s degree provides a comprehensive foundation that equips graduates for entry-level positions across various industries. Typical roles might include management trainees, junior analysts, or administrative roles where broad knowledge and versatile skills are valuable.  

While the starting positions for Bachelor’s degree holders might be more generalized, the degree provides a crucial launching pad for professional growth. It is often sufficient for progressing into mid-level management. It also remains a minimum requirement for many traditional professional jobs.  

It is essential for those looking to establish a solid professional base to potentially pursue further education or specialized training later in their careers. 

Do You Need a Bachelor’s to Get a Master’s Degree? 

Typically, a Bachelor’s degree is required to enroll in a Master’s program as it provides the foundational knowledge and academic preparation essential for success at the graduate level. The Bachelor’s degree introduces students to the basic principles and theories that will be further developed in a Master’s program.  

However, there are exceptions and alternative pathways in certain fields. For instance, some integrated programs may allow students to enter a Master’s track directly after high school or after an associate degree, condensing the educational timeline.  

Additionally, some programs might consider professional experience equivalent to a bachelor’s degree, especially in fields like business, where practical experience is highly valued. 

How Long are Master’s and Bachelor’s Degree Programs? 

Understanding the time commitment required for Master’s and Bachelor’s degrees is crucial for prospective students planning their educational and professional paths. 

Duration of Bachelor’s Degree Programs 

Bachelor’s degree programs typically require four years of full-time study, although this can vary depending on the country, educational system, and the student’s pace. For example, in some European countries, a Bachelor’s degree might be completed in three years. These programs are designed to provide a broad foundation across multiple disciplines, with the later years focusing more on specialization within the student’s chosen major. 

Duration of Master’s Degree Programs 

Master’s degree programs generally take one to two years to complete, depending on the field of study, the program’s structure, and whether the student is attending full-time or part-time. Some fields, especially those involving significant research components or professional accreditation (such as social work, psychology, or engineering), might require longer periods, sometimes up to three years. The duration also depends on the student’s background preparation and the program’s specific requirements, such as a thesis or capstone project. 

Choosing the Best Degree for Your Own Academic Journey 

When considering whether to pursue a Master’s or a Bachelor’s degree, the decision should be influenced by a combination of personal, professional, and financial factors. A Bachelor’s degree typically takes about four years to complete. It offers a broad educational foundation that prepares graduates for various entry-level careers and provides the necessary qualifications for further academic pursuits.  

A Master’s degree generally requires one to two additional years of study beyond the Bachelor’s. It focuses on providing in-depth knowledge and specialized skills in a specific field. This advanced degree can open doors to higher-level career opportunities, often leading to greater earning potential and more significant professional advancement. 

Choosing the right degree depends heavily on your long-term career goals and personal aspirations. If your desired career path requires specialized knowledge or you aim for high-level managerial or technical positions, a Master’s degree may be necessary. If you want to enter the workforce sooner and start building experience in a broad range of fields, a Bachelor’s degree might be the most suitable option.  

Financial considerations also play a crucial role; while a Master’s degree generally involves a higher initial investment, the potential long-term financial benefits can outweigh the costs. It is also important to consider your current life circumstances and future commitments, as these can influence your ability to dedicate time to extended studies. 

What are the key differences between Master’s and Bachelor’s degrees? 

Master’s degrees typically involve one to two years of study beyond the Bachelor’s level, focusing on specialized knowledge and skills within a particular field. Bachelor’s degrees provide a broader, more generalized education and are usually the minimum requirement for entry-level positions in many industries. 

Do Master’s degrees offer better career prospects than Bachelor’s degrees? 

Yes, generally, Master’s degrees can lead to higher-level positions and greater earning potential. They are often required for advanced roles in fields such as academia, engineering, and specialized sectors of business. 

Do Master’s degrees lead to higher salary potential? 

Typically, yes. Completing a Master’s degree can significantly enhance your salary potential, as the specialized skills and advanced knowledge acquired are valued highly in many industries. 

What should you consider when deciding between a Master’s and a Bachelor’s degree? 

Consider your career goals, the field you want to enter, your financial situation, and your current life commitments. A Master’s degree is more suitable for those looking for specialization and advancement in certain careers, while a Bachelor’s degree is essential for entering the workforce and provides a foundation for diverse career paths. 

Are there industries favoring Master’s over Bachelor’s degree holders? 

Yes, industries such as academia, scientific research, advanced technology, and specialized healthcare roles often require or favor candidates with master’s degrees due to the advanced expertise needed. 

How do entry requirements differ between Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees? 

Entry into Bachelor’s programs typically requires a high school diploma and standardized test scores. Master’s programs require a Bachelor’s degree, possibly specific prerequisite courses, professional experience, and additional standardized tests like the GRE or GMAT, depending on the field. 

At UoPeople, our blog writers are thinkers, researchers, and experts dedicated to curating articles relevant to our mission: making higher education accessible to everyone.

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Undergraduate vs. Graduate: Educate Yourself On The Difference

• Undergraduate Meaning
• Undergraduate Student And Degree
• Graduate Meaning
• Graduate Degree And Student
• Graduate Origin
• Postgraduate Meaning

⚡ Quick summary

The main difference between undergraduate and graduate is that undergraduate is always used in the context of the first level of college or university education (the level where you can earn a bachelor’s degree ). In terms like graduate student and graduate degree , graduate refers to a level of advanced education beyond the undergraduate level, especially a master’s degree or doctorate . The noun graduate is more general, simply referring to a person who has completed a level of education (someone who has graduated ).

The difference between undergraduate and graduate is a difference of degrees (*throws graduation cap in the air to celebrate the pun*).

The level of education that each word involves varies depending on how the word is being used, and there are situations in which both words can be used in the same situation. For example, you can become a graduate student after graduating with an undergraduate degree.

The word graduate can mean very different things depending on whether it’s used as a noun (as in recent   high school graduates ), an adjective (as in graduate student and graduate degree ), or a verb (as in I plan to graduate next May ). The same goes for its shortened form, grad , which can be used as a noun (as in Congrats, grads! ) or an adjective (as in grad program ).

Undergraduate can also be used both as a noun (as in I’m an undergraduate at Stanford University ) or an adjective (as in I’m working toward my undergraduate degree ). It can be shortened to undergrad in both cases.

By the end of this article, you’ll have an advanced degree in all the different ways graduate, grad , undergraduate , and undergrad are used, and what they mean in each case.

What does undergraduate mean?

An undergraduate is “a student in a university or college who has not received a first, especially a bachelor’s, degree.” For example, a college student might say I’m an undergraduate at the University of Texas if they were pursuing a bachelor’s degree there.

Undergraduate is also commonly used as an adjective in this same context, in terms like undergraduate student , undergraduate degree , and undergraduate studies.

Undergraduate is often shortened to undergrad as both a noun and an adjective.

In undergraduate, the prefix under- is used to indicate a lower rank or status. The educational status of an undergraduate student is below that of a graduate student.

What’s the difference between wisdom and knowledge ? Here’s a lesson on the two terms.

What is an undergraduate student ? And what is an undergraduate degree ?

An undergraduate student is a student who is pursuing a degree at the first level of higher education (meaning the level after high school) at a college or university. Undergraduate students are typically those working to earn a bachelor’s degree (or, less commonly, an associate’s degree ). These degrees are often referred to with the general term undergraduate degree.

Outside of the US, an undergraduate degree is sometimes called a first degree. There are also other types of undergraduate degrees outside of the US, such as a foundation degree (which, like an associate’s degree, is typically a two-year degree).

What does graduate mean?

As a noun, the word graduate  [  graj -oo-it ] refers to “a person who has received a degree or diploma on completing a course of study.” In other words, a graduate is someone who has completed a particular level of schooling or an educational program—a child who just finished kindergarten and a doctor who just completed medical school are both graduates. It can even be used figuratively , as in She’s a graduate of the school of hard knocks.

As a verb, graduate [  graj -oo-eyt ] means “to receive a degree or diploma on completing a course of study.” The process of graduating—and the ceremony itself—is called graduation .

As an adjective, graduate [  graj -oo-it ] means something more specific. It’s used to indicate that a student, degree, or educational program is an advanced one, beyond the level of a bachelor’s degree. This sense of graduate is most commonly used in terms like graduate degree, graduate school , graduate program, and graduate student.

What is a graduate degree ? And what is a graduate student ?

Graduate degree typically refers to a degree beyond a bachelor’s, most commonly a master’s.

A graduate student is a student who’s pursuing an advanced degree after having earned their undergraduate degree (such as a bachelor’s degree) by graduating from an undergraduate program. Calling someone a graduate student most often means they are pursuing their master’s degree, but it may be another advanced degree, such as a PhD (You’d most commonly call such students PhD students. Or you might say they are working toward their doctorate or their doctoral degree.)

To earn a graduate degree, graduate students go to a division of a university known as graduate school , and such a program is often called a graduate program. In all of these terms, graduate is often shortened to grad : grad school , grad student , grad program . (A student doesn’t become a graduate student until they take graduate-level courses. For example, if a student graduates with a bachelor’s degree and then later pursues a different bachelor’s degree, they are still an undergraduate student .)

Some graduate studies are referred to in more specific ways: medical students go to medical school to earn their medical degree ; law students go to law school to earn their law degree.

Do you know the difference between these highly-esteemed graduate degrees and titles: PhD, MD, and Dr ?

Where does the word graduate come from?

Graduate comes from the Medieval Latin graduārī, meaning “to take a degree.” It ultimately derives from the Latin gradus, meaning “a step.” Each time you graduate, you take a step to the next level of education.

What does postgraduate mean?

The adjective postgraduate is sometimes used in the same way as the adjective sense of the word graduate, especially in the UK, as in postgraduate student or postgraduate studies.

Postgraduate should not be confused with postdoctoral , which refers to studies, research, or professional work above the level of a doctorate.

How to use undergraduate vs. graduate

The best way to sort out the different meanings of undergraduate and graduate is to determine whether each word is being used as a noun, an adjective, or a verb. Here’s an easy breakdown of the differences.

• undergraduate (noun): A college student pursuing a non-advanced degree, most commonly a bachelor’s degree. Can be shortened to undergrad.
• undergraduate (adjective): Used in the context of colleges and university programs ( undergraduate programs ) where students are pursuing a degree (generally referred to as an undergraduate degree ) that is not an advanced degree. Also sometimes shortened to undergrad.
• graduate (noun): A person who has completed a particular level of schooling or educational program. Can be shortened to grad.
• graduate (verb): To complete a level of schooling (and, typically, to receive a degree or diploma). You can graduate from kindergarten, high school, college, graduate school, medical school, etc.
• graduate (adjective): Used in the context of advanced schooling—a level beyond a bachelor’s degree, most commonly a master’s program. Used in terms like graduate student , graduate school , graduate degree , graduate program , graduate courses , etc. Often shortened to grad.

Examples of undergraduate, undergrad, graduate, and grad used in a sentence

Let’s look at some examples of these words in actual, real-life use to get the meanings straight.

• As an undergraduate, she had studied engineering; as a graduate student, she switched to architecture.
• I completed my undergraduate degree after five years and a lot of hard work.
• As a graduate student, you will be expected to complete a thesis.
• You should start thinking about graduate school applications before you graduate.
• Most of the applicants for this position are recent college graduates.
• I’m still an undergrad, but I’m hoping to start grad school next fall.
• I’m a UGA grad, but I almost went to Georgia Tech.

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