phd by published work usa

PhD by Publication – Explained
Types of Doctorates

Introduction

Obtaining a PhD by publication is relatively uncommon in higher education. It can, however, be especially useful for established researchers who have published work but don’t yet have a PhD. This article gives information on exactly what a PhD by publication is, how it works and what the advantages and disadvantages are. Read on to learn more.

What is a PhD by Publication?

A PhD by publication is a doctoral degree awarded to a person who has several peer-reviewed publications that have been put together as separate ‘chapters’, contributing to a unified research theme within a specific field.

This format typically consists of a significant introductory chapter, up to 10,000 words, similar to a traditional thesis, followed by around five published research papers and a final chapter to bring things to a conclusion. Although these papers will be separate bodies of work, it’s important that they’re connected along one research theme.

This route to PhD can be attractive to researchers that have published a lot in their academic career but have not followed the traditional PhD path. It helps them gain recognition for their contributions to their research field and recognition that the work they have done has been of a doctoral level without having to write a separate PhD thesis.

A PhD by publication is awarded following a viva (also known as an oral examination) with examiners, similar to the process of a traditional PhD.

What are the Advantages?

A clear advantage of a PhD by publication is that you’re submitting a portfolio of work that has already gone through extensive peer review. This means that by the time you come to defend your work at a viva, it’s much easier. For example, the questions your examiners may ask you could be very similar to the questions you were asked by your reviewers during your paper publication phase and so you will already have prepared suitable responses to these.

Another advantage of this route is that it’s a much quicker way of obtaining a PhD degree; traditional PhD programmes take between three and four years from registration to completion whereas you can get a PhD by publication within one year of registration with the University, assuming that you enrol on this degree having already published all the papers that you will include in your portfolio of work. The shorter duration means that you often will only have to pay for one year of University fees, meaning that this approach is cheaper than a traditional method. It’s often possible that you can work any part-time job alongside preparing your publication portfolio for viva examination submission.

What are the Disadvantages?

Not all research fields or questions are suitable for a PhD by publication. In some cases, it may be necessary to design, set up and run a new PhD project in the field, recording the generation of further data. Additionally, it may be difficult to expand upon your previous publications and explore different research ideas as you put together your portfolio of papers. As this approach is a relatively uncommon way to get a PhD, some institutions may be unfamiliar or not set up to facilitate a PhD by publication. While the final viva examination will be the same as that in a traditional PhD, there is always the risk that some examiners may not see this publication route as being a ‘real’ PhD.

You’re also likely to miss out on some other aspects of PhD life by going down the publication route, including opportunities to teach or supervise undergraduate students and the experience of working within a research lab alongside other PhD students.

How Long Does a PhD by Publication Take?

You should expect a PhD by publication to take six months to one year to obtain from your point of registration with a UK University. This is on the basis that you have already published work for all the material that you would plan to include within your PhD portfolio, or that it is currently going through the review process. This approach is shorter than pursuing a traditional PhD, which typically takes between three and four years as a full-time student.

What is the Application Process?

You apply using the standard process required by the university to enrol, in the same way as the traditional route of a PhD. In addition, however, you will be asked to submit a portfolio of your prior publication track record and a supporting statement outlining the work of these existing publications, detailing how they tell a coherent story with the relevant subject area you’re applying to. You won’t need to submit a formal PhD research proposal as most, if not all, of the research should already have been completed.

Do you have Supervision?

Yes, in the same way that a traditional PhD student will have a primary supervisor to oversee your project. The role of the supervisor will be to help you establish a clear narrative for the theme you’re putting together of your publications, offering critical appraisal where necessary.

He or she will advise you on how to structure the introductory and concluding bodies of work that are required before you submit your portfolio for external examination and viva. Remember that the supervisor is there to advise and not tell you how to structure your dissertation; this is the same for any research student doing a standard PhD.

With this researcher-supervisor relationship, your options may be open in terms of whether you need to be based at the University in person or if you choose to work remotely as a distance learning student, communicating with your supervisor over email or video calls.

How does Assessment Work?

The body of work that you submit will be read and assessed by two examiners that are experts within your subject area of research. This will be followed by the viva examination with the two examiners, in line with the conventional PhD approach. To be awarded this research degree you will need to demonstrate that your work has made an original contribution to furthering the subject knowledge within your field.

Finding a PhD has never been this easy – search for a PhD by keyword, location or academic area of interest.

How Much Does It Cost?

As a PhD by publication usually takes about a year to complete, most universities typically charge a fee equivalent to one year of PhD study. The exact amount will vary depending on the University, but usually, the tuition fee will be around £4,500 for one year for UK and EU students, and considerably more if you are an international student. It’s challenging to secure funding for these types of PhD degrees and you will find that you’re unlikely to be eligible for financial support from research councils or other routes of funding.

What Kind of Publications Can I use in my Portfolio?

Universities will have specific guidance about factors such as how many publications you can include in your portfolio and there may be some restrictions on when they should have been published. Typically, you will include 5 publications in your submission to your PhD examiners, but this can in some circumstances be as low as 3 or 4 or as high as 10 separate papers. Most often these will be in the form of journal articles accepted by peer reviewed journals but can also include published book chapters, scientific or technical reports that have been published or other forms of publication that have gone through a level of peer review.

A PhD by publication is a good way for you to graduate with a doctorate if you enter this research programme having already published several academic papers on a single research theme. You need to demonstrate that you have made a significant contribution to your field through previous research. At this stage it is likely to be the cheapest and fastest route to gaining a PhD. However, applicants should be mindful when they apply that it may be challenging to secure funding for this.

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A PhD by publication or how I got my doctorate and kept my sanity

Associate, Children's Policy Centre, Australian National University, Australian National University

Disclosure statement

Mhairi Cowden does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

Australian National University provides funding as a member of The Conversation AU.

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Doing a PhD is a difficult business. Long hours, personal stress, institutional pressure to complete on time – and all this for what?

Increasingly a PhD alone does not guarantee an academic career. We are expected to publish, teach and contribute to professional development. Oh and did I mention you have to publish, publish, publish?

However there is a way to publish and do a PhD - hopefully without perishing.

I recently completed my PhD by publication, which for me was a way of getting a doctorate while keeping my sanity.

What is a PhD by publication?

A PhD by Publication is just what it sounds like, instead of producing one large monograph, you produce a series of articles to be published in peer reviewed journals or as book chapters.

The normal format is four to five research papers bookended by a substantial introductory chapter and a concluding chapter. The thesis must still read as a cohesive whole and therefore despite the articles being stand alone pieces, they must also relate to each other.

The aim is that when they are read together they become more than just the sum of their parts.

It is a relatively new concept within the social sciences and humanities but has been around for a while in the hard sciences here in Australia. It is much more common in European Universities where it is often the standard approach for doctoral studies.

The advantages

There are many advantages to doing a PhD this way. One of the more self-evident ones is that it allows you to publish and finish a PhD – academically hitting two birds with one stone.

There are many pressures of doing a PhD that are taken away from publishing. PhD by publication focused my writing on achieving output and helped to avoid the trap of always pushing the publications to the side.

A PhD by publication also helps you to develop practical skills. Through my own process, I learnt how to write to journal editors, deal with rejection and pitch articles – all skills that are important for professional academic life.

This method also divides the PhD up into more manageable chunks – sometimes the hardest thing about a PhD is the enormity of the task it presents. But dividing it up into five discrete papers allowed me to see a way ahead making the PhD seem more achievable.

Last but not least, you can get both expert feedback and it can provide that “tick” factor. PhD students were usually high achieving undergraduate students used to receiving recognition and reward for their work. Entering the land of doctoral studies, you don’t get the pay off from your work until the end of many years and lack of recognition can be deeply un-motivating.

But each time something is published is a chance to celebrate and take a deep breath before moving on to the next portion.

The expert feedback you get during this process is also very helpful even it’s not always pleasant (see below). By the time your PhD goes to examiners it has already gone through a rigorous peer review process.

In times of PhD panic, it was comforting to think that my work can’t be that bad if someone had already agreed to publish it.

The disadvantages

Of course, though, there are some disadvantages to electing to do a PhD in this way.

Chief among them is the pressure to start publishing immediately. Publishing is hardly a quick process; it can sometimes take up to two years from submission to a journal long periods of fieldwork may not be compatible.

Therefore candidates taking this route need to start straight away. Aim to have your first paper finished within the first 6 months.

It’s also worth recognising that this is not a format for the faint hearted. Rejections from journals can be brutal. You need to be prepared to take this on the chin and send it out again.

That said, this is a skill you need to develop for academia. Being exposed to it early helped me develop a thick skin and be humble about my work.

With the benefit of feedback, there’s also the downside of extra work. You may often need to rewrite work for journal editors.

After all, editors have their own agenda and interests and in some respect you are writing for them and not for you. However this taught me to stand my ground with editors and defend things I wished to keep as well as framing things for different audiences.

Another thing to be wary of when considering a PhD by publication is that you need to understand that it’s not a professional Doctorate. A Professional Doctorate recognises contribution to a profession and usually doesn’t include the same level of original contribution or indeed a thesis.

PhD by publication is still examined to the same standards as a traditional PhD. However countering this assumption that it is not a “real” PhD is sometimes hard.

Finally, because you’re likely to be treading new ground in your institution, there’s not always a clear path before you.

I did my PhD in a department which was still sorting out its policy towards this format. As a consequence I needed the strong support of your supervisor and head of department to make this work (which I was lucky enough to have). You shouldn’t expect a clear set of instructions here; guidelines and policies seem to vary between departments, disciplines and universities.

The up shot

The biggest advantage is that I have come out of my doctoral studies not only with a PhD but with a healthy publication record. This I hope will assist me when taking the next step in my career.

For me, PhD with publication provided a framework, a way forward from which I could see the path to submission. It provided me with a way to get my doctorate without worrying about the process. It allowed me the opportunity to contribute to debates while developing my ideas.

If academia is to expect Australian candidates to now finish their PhD and publish, then it should promote and encourage alternative formats such as this. It can only be good for both PhD candidates and the profession at large.

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Phd by publication.

Many universities have recently introduced the ‘PhD by Publication’ method of obtaining a PhD, instead of the more conventional thesis. The availability of this option will vary from place to place, some won’t offer it at all, whilst others may only offer it to staff who have yet to achieve a PhD.

So just how is a PhD by publication awarded? Well, it varies from country to country – for instance, Scandinavian students will more commonly obtain a PhD this way, so let’s look specifically at getting a PhD by publication in the UK.

PhD by Publication in the UK

This method of gaining a PhD is relatively new, (even though getting published is important) and hence, the requirements may vary from place to place. Generally, though, instead of submitting a thesis written specifically during three/four years study with the university, you are instead required to submit a number of published papers.

In general, this method of gaining a PhD is not offered as an alternative to the standard way – it is not aimed at those starting on an academic career. It is usually offered to academics already in their career who have not yet completed a PhD. This is usually confirmed by the fact that many universities require you either to be staff, or to have graduated at least seven years ago to be eligible.

So just what sort of publications can be considered?

#2 Book Chapters Chapters written for anthologies or collections of essays are suited to being used in your portfolio. However, they are often not sufficient to stand alone, so you would need other works too.

#3 Research Papers Research papers that have been published in journals or other peer-reviewed sources.

#4 Technical Reports More for the science side of things – published peer reviewed technical reports are eligible.

#5 Other Published Media Other published media can be included – things such as scholarly editions of books, or architectural plans – but this will be on a case-by-case basis.

Often, with shorter works, it is necessary to submit multiple pieces – often five to seven – to complete an entire portfolio. However, in some cases, less may be acceptable. Each of the works featured in the portfolio must be linked in some manner, and they must be consistent in theme. Unrelated works will not be allowed to count towards a PhD by publication.

In addition to the portfolio of published work, the candidate is expected to have a supporting statement. This statement must critically discuss the works featured in the portfolio – discussing how they fit together, discussing their methodologies and explaining why they chose these methods, and how they feel it worked. In addition, they must point out their original contribution to scholarship – this is one of the most vital parts of getting a PhD, regardless of method.

You may be asking yourself what role the university would play other than examining the portfolio. In this case, a supervisor will assist with the portfolio, assessing whether the works submitted are cohesive, consistent and most importantly, of a high enough standard to be entered. They will also help with the supporting statement – making sure all vital information is included.

After this stage, there will be an oral examination. This will be similar to a viva , and should be prepared for as such. You will have to be prepared to defend any points made in the supporting statement. Depending on how long ago works were published (there is a time limit on when they are eligible) you may want to re-read them and ensure you are familiar both with your own work and the source material it draws on. In one sense, this may be more difficult than getting a PhD in the conventional manner as the work is not as recent, but it may also be easier in that it has already been peer reviewed and you will be aware of many possible questions and arguments.

Getting a PhD in this manner is not without difficulty, no matter how good the publications - while the submission of the portfolio and the oral examination may seem alright, the problem arises with finding a suitable place to apply. Due to the restrictions – some universities only opening to staff or alumni – you will be limited in options, and from those options, it may be more difficult than normal to find a supervisor. That said, for those who have been in academia for a while without a PhD, it may be well worth your time – take a look at our blog on the pros and cons of a PhD .

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PhD by publication

PhD awards for published researchers

Explore how you can turn your existing peer reviewed research publications into a PhD qualification

What is a PhD by publication?

A PhD by publication is a postgraduate research degree that's based on research you've already undertaken and had published (excluding self-publishing) before registering with us.

Depending on the subject area, peer reviewed academic papers, complete books, chapters in anthologies, or equivalent materials accepted for publication, exhibited or performed may be eligibl e. You'll have to submit these materials for examination between 6–12 months after registering with us.

These materials will be accompanied by a commentary of 5,000–10,000 words, which outlines your work's coherence, significance and contribution to knowledge, and you'll be examined through an oral defence of your research, known as a viva voce. Applicants must have held a first or higher degree from a UK higher education institute – or a recognised equivalent non-UK degree of the same standard – for at least 5 years.

Once you've been awarded a PhD by publication, you'll be in a great position to move onto further research or to use your new postgraduate qualification to progress your career.

The cost of getting a PhD by publication in most of our subject areas is £4,500 for external candidates – check your research subject area page for more details.

How to apply

To be considered for a PhD by publication, you'll need to have held an undergraduate or postgraduate degree – awarded either by a UK higher education institute or a recognised non-UK equivalent – for at least 5 years.

To apply you'll need:

A CV and the names of two referees
A title of the proposed PhD
A listing of the published work on which the application is based
A statement of not more than 1000 words setting out your view of the nature and significance of the work submitted

Apply from the relevant subject area page .

If your application is successful, you'll need to submit the already-published materials – those that you wish to be considered as part of your PhD by publication award – between 6–12 months after registering with us.

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PhD Degree can be awarded on the basis of Published Research Work (with our guidance and supervision)

This degree is suitable for professionals that already performed research or published research materials related to their professional activities. Student can submit previously published or completed research materials for the PhD degree consideration. If we would not accept research materials, you always can re-shape your research work into regular PhD Dissertation format. Award of PhD degree on the basis of submitted research materials has the same program costs as the award of PhD degree by using other educational approaches.

Comparing to other places, we have no any artificial delays. Process can be relatively fast and straightforward. Our examining committee may grant the degree upon examination and approval of the submitted materials, as long as your work has relevance to your previous educational degrees and represents original materials offering scientific or public interest.

Just to name a few options: submitted materials can be published book(s) or book chapters, articles published in journals or in other media publications (other published or unpublished work). We have no requirement for actual publication.

We will be guiding student if additional work would be required for the completion of the selected program. Size of published materials must be approximately the same in number of pages, as required for the Dissertation preparation. We always are working with student and if for some reason(s) we cannot accept published work, we will recommend student other options to complete his/her Dissertation and degree program. Instead of using published work, student with the same success can receive PhD degree by preparing Dissertation (see other pages describing PhD degree options).

This degree program has simplified process; we only will be evaluating already existing academic research work. Completion of additional study courses can be requested.

If you would prefer to have stronger academic record with additional studies/research courses, in such case, we would recommend other PhD/Doctoral programs offered in our University.

If we will be unable to accept academic/research work, student is not losing any paid fees. We will transfer student to our other PhD program, where student would be able to re-shape already existing academic work into regular Dissertation project and can add (if necessary) a few additional study/research courses.

It is not “how many articles”, but how much relevant content you can present. A general approach that is not intended to be strictly accurate for every situation, would tell that it is about 250 pages of materials written by a single author addressing the same matter in all articles (not a collection of different unrelated articles). In other words, submitted written materials must resemble Dissertation and Dissertation is always one subject project (one research objective).

Master’s degree required. We are admitting students from any Country. Admission requirements are the same for any Country.

Start at any time. Enrollment is on continuous basis.

Acceptance of published materials as a substitute for PhD Dissertation.

Program will not extend over two years and must be completed within this period. Student can complete program at any time upon fulfillment of all educational requirements and before the end of stated completion period (student allowed to complete program as fast as student will be able to complete all educational requirements).

Program adjusted to student's personal needs and professional plans.

Please note that the costs for PhD by Published Work Program are the same as the costs for any other Doctoral/PhD Program. For current costs, please visit page

Published work can be submitted in any language. We will be translating it without any additional costs. Student can complete any additional studies and (or) Dissertation / Doctoral Thesis project in own native language.

We have low educational costs

Administrative costs for this program include all educational costs - application, former credentials evaluation, educational work evaluation and processing, documents preparation, graduation fee. For the current lowest costs, please go to "Costs of Education" .

English language is not required

We are not requiring from our students perfect knowledge of English language. In addition to English language, we are accepting academic and other educational work in many commonly used languages.

The best feature of our programs

Student will have an option to complete educational work (to present published/unpublished materials) in own native language (we will provide details for students accepted into program).

Dual Doctoral Degrees (Two Doctoral degrees for low costs)

With our lowest educational costs for graduate / postgraduate education, there is no need to limit yourself just with one Doctoral degree, consider possibility of getting two Doctoral degrees in the related subjects or the related professions (15% discount for your second program).

Dual degrees are representing programs that are offering two degrees, for example, two Doctoral degrees (with significant reduction in costs. Upon graduation, you will have two degrees and two diplomas (and other related documents).

Languages that are acceptable for all our Master's, Doctoral, PhD and other programs

In addition to English language, we are accepting published work, Dissertations and other educational work in many commonly used languages, such as Spanish, French, German, Russian, Arabic, other Western and Eastern European languages, and numerous other languages.

You need to communicate with us in English language (even if your English is not perfect), but all your educational work can be submitted in your native language. Our guidance will be in English language. If student’s English is not too advanced, student always may use free online electronic translators to translate our letters to student and student’s letters addressed to us.

See the table below for the list of all languages that we may accept as a language for student’s studies.

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General information about Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) is a doctoral degree that places more attention to the research and development of a new knowledge and other theoretical applications.

Each student successfully graduating from any PhD program receives Diploma and Transcript.

Program Details

Admission deadlines – we have no admission deadlines, you can start and graduate at any time.

Application Fee included in total cost (no application fee at present time).

Prior learning assessment/evaluation of your credits from other institutions included in total cost.

Dissertation pre-evaluation included in total cost.

Dissertation evaluation included in total cost.

Graduation fee included in total cost.

We are not measuring PhD program in number of years, but we are measuring it according to the completion of our requirements (and in some cases, it can be relatively fast).

When student satisfies all the requirements of the program (including the level of academic studies) and upon final approval and acceptance of all academic work, the Doctor of Philosophy Degree is awarded. Graduation Diploma (PHD award certificate), Transcript and other related documents will be issued and forwarded to the graduate.

To initiate the enrollment, please submit your application with all educational documents and a simple letter of intent describing areas of your expertise, professional experience, your plans and the area of science that you are interested to address in your Dissertation. Please be advised that there are always complicated areas of science where we would not be able to offer this degree. We would review your letter of intent and will answer if our University can accept your application for the Doctor of Philosophy Program.

The following is the list of disciplines that student may select for studies and research to achieve desired degree. This is not all-inclusive list of programs/courses and you may request program according to your needs, desire, experience and knowledge.

This list only gives some basic ideas about possible subjects of studies; however, we potentially can offer hundreds of other programs.

Please let us know if you do not see on this page something that you would like to study or to perform research. Most likely, we will be able to accommodate your request because we are offering custom-made programs adjusted to individual requests. Feel free to request studies in the area that is compatible with your existing level of knowledge and experience.

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Demystifying Retrospective PhDs by Publication: A Collective Approach

First Online: 28 September 2022

Cite this chapter

Sally Brown 3

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The Retrospective PhD by Publication provides an attractive alternative doctoral route for colleagues wishing to gain a PhD through a largely self-directed route, usually by building up a body of publications over a period of time then uniting them through a connecting narrative showing the golden thread that provides the coherence, originality and contribution of the oeuvre in a way that is equivalent to or better than traditional doctoral study approaches. This chapter describes my original, un-funded and creative approach to supporting around a dozen candidates for Retrospective PhD by publication over a nine-year period, informally and collectively alongside my husband (and co-author) Prof Phil Race domestically.

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Scholarly Publication, Early-Career Scholars, and Reflectivity

An account of bifurcated senses and spaces in the pursuit of early-career academic publications.

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Questions used for the informal survey of participants:

What effect did coming for a 24 hour residential reasonably regularly have on your progress towards completion of your PhD?

What impact did it have on you that you were thereby meeting other people all working towards the same goal?

What impact did the weekends have on your motivation, confidence and belief that you could finish the task?

If you have not completed your PhD as a result of the weekends, what reasons would you give (e.g. deciding this was not a course of action you wanted to take right now)?

What has been the impact on you personally of achieving the PhD if indeed you have?

Any other comments on process?

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Brown, S. (2022). Demystifying Retrospective PhDs by Publication: A Collective Approach. In: Chong, S.W., Johnson, N. (eds) Landscapes and Narratives of PhD by Publication. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04895-1_9

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Completing a PhD by Published Works

Bethan jones, university of york.

4 March 2022

In June 2021 I sat my viva. Not unusual for a PhD student, I hear you say. You’re right. But my PhD was done via published works and in the research I did to prepare for the viva I didn’t find much about this route.

A PhD by published works ( https://www.postgrad.com/advice/phd/phd_by_publication/ ) isn’t a particularly common route in the UK, though the availability does seem to be growing. As the name suggests, it’s an option which allows you to submit a thesis comprising of a series of publications on a common theme (books, book chapters or journal articles) which when put together fulfil the requirements of a PhD – original work making a significant contribution to the field and demonstrating a rigorous approach.

I started my PhD journey via the standard thesis routes but for a variety of reasons ended up withdrawing and subsequently applying for a PhD by Published Works at Cardiff University ( https://www.cardiff.ac.uk/study/postgraduate/research/types-of-degree/phd ). Because this isn’t generally offered to students beginning a PhD there were some specific requirements. These will vary from institution to institution but at Cardiff you have to have:

graduated from Cardiff University six or more years ago, or
been a member of staff for six years, or
been the holder of an honorary title from Cardiff University for six years

I received my MA from Cardiff in 2010 and was applying for the PhD by Published Works in 2019 so that checked the first box. I’d also published extensively on anti-fandom and had enough to demonstrate a coherent research direction. My submission was reviewed by an internal panel who approved my application for a February 2020 start. All I needed to do was produce a 5,000 – 10,000 word critical commentary evaluating the field (fan studies in my case) and indicating the original contribution to learning I’d made and submit within 12 months.

Then Covid happened.

Did I mention I was working full time in government communications? Cardiff granted extensions to all PhD students which meant that despite the pandemic I was able to submit in April 2021 and passed the viva in June. I was the first person who’d done a PhD by Published Work in Cardiff for some time, and while I was writing the critical commentary and preparing for the viva I found very few resources for completing this route (Agata Frymus’ IAMHIST blog – http://iamhist.net/2018/06/prepare-viva-8-tips/ – on viva preparation was really useful though!). So here’s what I did and how I did in, in the hopes it might help others undertaking this route.

Writing the Critical Commentary

The critical commentary that I had to produce needed to evaluate the field and indicate the original contribution to learning I’d made. What I did first was arrange a meeting with my supervisors to talk about what I felt the key themes were and how I was thinking of approaching the commentary, and then discussing what they thought the key themes were and how they suggested approaching it. The key things to keep in the back of my mind throughout the writing were originality, significance and rigour. I also had to not be too modest (this is underlined and followed by an exclamation mark in my notes).

We talked about pulling out themes and talking across them, as well as making nods to omission and things I didn’t have the time to do. I had thought about writing the commentary chronologically, but given the often arduous process of academic publishing (one of the chapters I wrote in 2013 was published in 2019) that didn’t really make sense. So I read through each of my articles, noted where there was overlap between the things I was discussing and ended up with four categories (textual anti-fandom and beyond; power structures and hierarchies; intra- and extra- fandom relationships; and ambivalence and unticipation for those who are interested). Each category discussed two of the chapters, and I also included a methodology section which discussed a journal paper I wrote about the ethics of researching anti-fans. My commentary ended up looking like this: introduction; methodology; discussion of submitted papers; absences and future work; conclusion; bibliography.

Introduction

I wrote a paragraph introducing myself and my entry into fan studies as well as the things that led me to researching anti-fandom. From there I went straight into a mini lit review of the scholarship on anti-fandom, the different waves of fan studies as defined by Gray, Sandvoss and Lee Harrington (2007) and where my work intersects and builds upon this. I outlined three key areas which my work has focused on and pointed out where I had expanded previous work, including references to articles and chapters that I’d written as well as work by other scholars. I briefly outlined the later sections of the commentary, again pointing out where my key contributions were.

Methodology

Fan studies borrows a lot of theoretical and methodological approaches from other disciplines and the ethics of research fans has long been a debate in the field. I felt it was important to engage with this not only to show the approaches I’d used across my work and my understanding of different methodologies, but to highlight the contribution I’d made in writing the first article of the ethics of researching anti-fans. A recent special issue of Transformative Works and Cultures ( https://journal.transformativeworks.org/index.php/twc/issue/view/59 ) discussed methodologies so I was able to cite that, as well as older work to demonstrate my depth of knowledge. I also brought these back to other papers I’d written, pointing out the methods I’d used in papers that I would be discussing in later sections. This section also allowed me to demonstrate rigour in terms of number of survey participants, how I approached public tweets, etc.

Paper discussions

Although the paper discussions were divided into four sections each followed a similar pattern. I first gave a brief overview of a key text that had influenced my thinking (e.g. Gray’s 2003 article on anti-fandom), explained why that was important or how I was using it, and then talked about how I expanded on that text in the articles discussed. I highlighted where my original contribution was (there was a LOT of this throughout the commentary) and included pertinent quotes from my papers. I ended each subsection with a short summary of where the papers expanded current thinking and signposted to the next one.

I referred to existing literature throughout this section to demonstrate my understanding of work in the field and to situate my scholarship amongst it. It felt like a lot of blowing my own trumpet, and the consistent feedback from my supervisors was to talk more about my original contribution, to show what I’d done was significant. That was probably one of the hardest things to do but it made me think critically about the work and ultimately helped with the viva.

Absences and future work

I was keen to point of where there were weaknesses in my research and what I was thinking about doing next. 10,000 words isn’t a huge amount to play with, but with current discussions in the field about race and racism I felt it was important for me to address that lack in my work. I also wanted to point out where fan studies as a field was growing and how I was engaging with that, so I talked about a paper I had recently presented and a book chapter I’m writing that engage with the current climate. You’ve always got to show the significance of your work!

The conclusion was essentially a recap of what I’d been saying throughout the commentary: my work has developed as the field has developed and I’ve been able to influence that through the publications I discussed. I also touched on work I’d done elsewhere that I hadn’t included in the commentary, and lectures I’ve been asked to give. This was really the final place where I could underscore how my work has been significant and where my contribution to the field is original.

Preparing for, and Undertaking, the Viva

I submitted the PhD in April and had a few weeks off before thinking about the viva. That time was important not only to switch my brain off but because I’d become sick of reading and rereading my work! When I got the date for the viva I turned to Google to see how others had done their viva preparation. There wasn’t much on the PhD by published works route, so I turned to Reddit and was told it would be very similar to a regular viva except I’ve already got the benefit of having the work peer reviewed and published. The focus would be on showing I did the work and understand it. That was pretty reassuring so I returned to Google, read various blogs and articles about viva questions and jotted down some of the ones I thought I’d struggle with. This blog was particularly helpful with those: http://www.open.ac.uk/blogs/ResearchEssentials/?p=156 . After that I began reading through the publications I was including and making notes as to their key arguments and findings; the methodology and scholarship used; and their strengths and weaknesses (thanks to Agata’s blog piece).

I’d fairly recently read the work for the commentary so each article was pretty clear in my mind. This time though I read the articles on my laptop and made notes and highlighted sections I thought would be useful for answering questions. At the same time had a notebook next to me where I noted really top-line details using the headings Agata outlined in her blog. Once I’d done that I wrote down the theories used across all articles, the originality of the work as a whole, and its strengths and weaknesses.

That done, I arranged a mock viva with one of my supervisors. As much as I hate doing things like mock interviews it was really useful. My supervisor treated it as a real viva and covered questions from the methods I chose to use to what was significant about particular articles to what had gone wrong and what would I do differently. Some of the questions I could answer easily, others I had to really think about, but it gave me the chance to think through my work and articulate the things that were really important.

The weekend before the viva I read over my notes, then went to visit friends for a birthday party. I had thought about staying home and revising some more, but a lot of the blogs I’d read suggested that would only stress me out and wouldn’t do much good (remember, at this stage you know your work inside out). So I went and had a lovely time, and I’m really glad I did. The day before the viva I put my back out so spent most of that day on painkillers and not doing much reading either. 0/10, would not recommend.

The day of the viva I read through my notes a bit and, I think, played games on my phone. The viva was via Zoom so I made myself a cup of tea and put two bottles of water and some sweets by my computer. I had my submission up on one computer with the other ready to log into the meeting, and I had the notebook I’d been using to prepare with me as well. I took some painkillers because I still couldn’t move without being in pain and also hoped that my cat wouldn’t come in and start meowing at me (I love him, but the number of meetings he interrupts…)

Yes, that is the mug I used…

I logged in at half three, met my examiners and the chair, then logged out until their pre-brief was done and they were ready for me. I’m not going to lie, I was as nervous as I’ve ever been! At this point everyone had been telling me I had nothing to worry about, but with a PhD by Published Works you don’t have the option of different types of corrections – the work is already published so you’re looking at a pass or fail. The first question I got asked – what’s significant about your research – totally threw me even though I’d been preparing for it and it’s one of the most common opening questions. I bumbled through somehow and as the viva went on it did become easier. I got asked about the duty of care we have to research participants (even if we completely disagree with their actions or the views they’re expressing) as well as ourselves as researchers, and the difficulty of undertaking surveys rather than face to face interviews. I got asked to expand upon something I’d mentioned in the commentary but hadn’t talked in detail about; I got a really interesting question after talking about Fifty Shades of Grey about whether you can be an anti-fan of domestic violence and if not, why not. By the time we’d been going for an hour I was really enjoying it. The chair asked if we wanted a break, my examiners said they were done and I got asked to leave while they deliberated. Deliberations took about five minutes but it felt much longer. I got told I’d passed, had a bit of a joke about how normally they’d ask what my publishing plans were but that kind of didn’t apply in this case, and one of my examiners suggested expanding upon one of the things I’d talked about and submitting it to a journal. Then it was over. I rang my family, texted my friends and celebrated with cake.

Dr Bethan Jones is a Research Associate in the Department of Theatre, Film, Television and Interactive Media at the University of York. Her work primarily focuses on gender, anti-fandom, and popular culture and she has been published in Sexualities , Intensities , and Transformative Works and Cultures , among others. She is coeditor of Crowdfunding the Future: Media Industries, Ethics and Digital Society published by Peter Lang and is a founding board member of the Fan Studies Network.

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Phd by published work (warwick medical school) (2022 entry), find out more about our phd by published work course..

Our PhD by Published Work is open to individuals who have already undertaken a portfolio of published research to the standard of a PhD. Warwick Medical School is home to outstanding expertise, with guidance from an academic adviser you will complete and present your published work.

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Flexible (depending on the duration of the admissions process)

1 year full-time

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About this research graduate course

Course overview.

Our PhD by Published Work is open to individuals who have already undertaken a portfolio of published research to the standard of a PhD. An academic advisor will provide guidance on the presentation of your published work.

Your submission should include further contextual information regarding the publications, including, but not limited to, the profile of journals that articles have been published in, the number of citations, and their significance to the field.

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Minimum requirements.

2:i undergraduate degree or Master’s degree.

Please also see our consideration and application process information on the Warwick Medical School website .

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You can find out more about our English language requirements . This course requires the following:

IELTS overall score of 6.5, minimum component scores not below 6.0.

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We welcome applications from students with other internationally recognised qualifications.

For more information, please visit the international entry requirements page .

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There are no additional entry requirements for this course.

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Any relevant health-related published research.

Full details of our research interests  are listed on the Warwick Medical School website. Read more about our research strategy, research centres and research programmes.

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Find your supervisor using the link below and discuss with them the area you'd like to research.

Explore our Warwick Medical School List of Approved Supervisors to where you will be able to search by research interests.

You should initially approach a suitable Academic Advisor (supervisor) from this list to discuss their work and to see if they would be willing to provide guidance on the presentation of the proposed Thesis for submission.

You can also see our general University guidance about finding a supervisor.

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Please note you do not have access to teaching notes, publish and be doctor‐rated: the phd by published work.

Quality Assurance in Education

ISSN : 0968-4883

Article publication date: 25 September 2009

The purpose of this paper is, first, to provide a brief account of the PhD by published work focusing especially on quality assurance issues such as eligibility of candidates, the nature of the submission itself, supervision and assessment procedures. Second, it seeks to offer a discussion of the criteria to be met by candidates in writing a critical appraisal as a central feature of the submission.

Design/methodology/approach

The approach taken is that of an analytical, conceptual and discursive essay.

There is still a lack of commonality in higher education about the nature of the PhD by published work. One way of gaining greater commonality would be to strengthen the use of the critical appraisal as an academic text which also should be required to meet the admittedly problematical standards of publishability.

Research limitations/implications

The paper's main limitation is that many of its ideas and much of its information are derived from sources within the UK's higher education sector. Nevertheless the issues raised should have relevance to practice in other systems.

Practical implications

A case is made for the usefulness of the PhD by published work as an important route for achieving doctorateness especially when the critical appraisal is given greater priority and supervisory support.

Originality/value

Papers discussing the use and value of the PhD by published work are still relatively rare in academic journals. The emphasis on the critical appraisal in this paper is an original contribution to the debate.

Educational tests

Badley, G. (2009), "Publish and be doctor‐rated: the PhD by published work", Quality Assurance in Education , Vol. 17 No. 4, pp. 331-342. https://doi.org/10.1108/09684880910992313

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Advice for supervising a PhD by published works

The route to a PhD by published works requires a different approach to supervision. Here, Alison Brettle provides aspects to consider based on her experience conducting, supervising and developing institutional guidance

Alison Brettle

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PhD by published works is a route to PhD where registration and doctoral supervision usually begin once a portfolio of peer-reviewed works is complete. Its advantages and challenges demand a specific approach to supervision.

What is a PhD by published works?

A PhD by published works takes different forms in different countries, but in the UK it usually involves:

completion of a portfolio of publications around a coherent theme prior to registration on a programme
the development of a narrative or contextual chapter(s) providing a critical overview of the works and their contribution to the discipline
a short period of candidature (one to two years).

The publications and narrative together should be comparable to a traditional PhD. The work is examined in the same way (via written submission and oral defence) and to the same standard (that is, it must demonstrate a unique contribution to knowledge, be independent work that is of peer-review quality, and show an understanding of appropriate research methodology).

Why get a PhD by publication (and other career tips)
How can PhD researchers be supported to complete an alternative format thesis?
Five characteristics of effective supervisor training

Individual institutions may have slightly different restrictions for admission; some offer this route only to staff, honorary staff or alumni, while others allow candidates with undergraduate or master’s degrees from different institutions.

Misconceptions, challenges and advantages of a PhD by published work

Common misconceptions I have faced when championing PhD by published works include that “it is an easier way of getting a PhD”, “it’s a lower quality” and that “it’s a faster way of getting a PhD”.

This is not the case. The award criteria are the same as for a traditional PhD. Most of the work undertaken in compiling a PhD portfolio is done before registration as a PhD candidate. This means that candidates often do the work without supervision, guidance or access to research training while holding down a professional role. Undertaking research and publishing it in academic journals is a rigorous and often painful process, particularly for a novice. Furthermore, academic publishing is slow.

So, while the formal registration as a PhD candidate is short, the journey to get there is likely to be longer and more difficult.

Advantages for candidates in choosing this route to PhD include:

flexibility (publications can be developed over time, accommodating career and family changes)
opportunities to work on a wider range of projects with a wider variety of people
obtaining academic recognition for work undertaken during a professional role.

Tips for supervising a PhD by published works

Supervising a PhD by published works is no less rewarding than supervising a traditional PhD and involves many of the same skills. Each candidate is individual, and their work and portfolio will reflect their own context and journey and be appropriate to the discipline. As with any PhD, no completed submission will be the same. If your experience is with supervising traditional PhDs, supervising a PhD by published works for the first time may require you to think a little differently at the outset and change your standard approach.

What do you need to consider?

Be open-minded. What are the key elements of a PhD (theory, critical discussion, understanding of research methods)? These may not have been addressed in the same way or at a particular stage in the journey as during a traditional PhD. For example, the critique of the literature may be addressed in the narrative chapter (so at the end of the process) rather than at the outset of the PhD journey.
Candidates may struggle initially to see their work as a whole or coherent story. Getting them to think of an overarching research question that their work addresses or a set of aims and objectives may help overcome this. This can then be used as a framework for presenting the work.
You may need to guide your candidate to develop and see their contribution to knowledge. This could be through the development of their critical narrative, which sets their work within the wider field. The contribution to knowledge is across the body of works or may develop further as the narrative unfolds. Individual papers or pieces of work may include separate contributions to knowledge.
Candidates may have built up research skills and knowledge in practice but may have had little formal methods training. You may need guide them to get up to speed quickly and help them relate the training to what they have done in practice.
Candidates may have undertaken much of their research without planning to do a PhD, so may need guidance to change their mindset, see themselves as an academic and defend their work with confidence.
Candidates may have an extensive list of publications; you will need to guide them to choose the most appropriate examples to demonstrate the coherent story that addresses the PhD criteria.
For co-authored publications, co-authors need to verify the candidate’s contribution.
Across the publications, the candidate should demonstrate the skills and elements equivalent to a traditional PhD, but all the elements do not need to be present in each publication. Over time, you would expect to see development as an independent researcher. For example, in early publications the candidate may have conducted a literature review or the data collection; later they may have progressed to designing and leading the study.

I have spent many years championing the PhD by published works route as a robust alternative approach. Guiding PhD by published works candidates to see their work in a different light and clearly understand their academic potential has been one of the most rewarding experiences of my career to date.

Alison Brettle is professor of health information and evidence-based practice and director of the Centre for Applied Health Research at the University of Salford.

Alison has been shortlisted in the Outstanding Research Supervisor of the Year category in the Times Higher Education Awards 2023 #THEAwards. A full list of nominees can be found here . The awards will be presented at a ceremony in Liverpool on 7 December.

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PhD by Publication

The PhD by Publication is an accelerated, part-time PhD award intended for those who have carried out extensive research over a significant period of time and have a number of publications arising from this work which have already been published in high-quality journals.

This should not be confused with the standard PhD (3-4 years full-time).

If you have any questions about the PhD by Publication degree which are not answered on this page, please email us or call us .

Clearing now open. Find out more Go to Clearing page .

PhD by published work

The PhD by published work route is intended primarily for mid-career research-active academics who, for one reason or another, haven’t had the opportunity to undertake a research programme leading to a PhD.

Submissions for this award will consist of a coherent body of work which is of the same quality, rigour and volume as required of a standard PhD in your field and which constitutes an original contribution to knowledge.

We welcome applications from Westminster staff and from outside the University. Applications are considered on their merits within the relevant colleges and applicants are advised to approach the relevant members of academic staff for an informal discussion before applying.

If your application is successful, you will be assigned one or more supervisors who will advise on which of your publications should form your final submission to be examined and how your commentary should be written. The commentary (15,000 words) describes the aims of the research you’ve undertaken to produce your publications, incorporates an analytical discussion of the main results and puts the total work submitted in context.

What kind of publications are considered to be appropriate for a submission via this route?

books and book chapters
refereed journal papers
Other media/other public output (eg architectural or engineering designs)
The submission of a single book, work or artefact is also possible
The body of work may not include any material produced more than ten years before the date of submission

How do I apply?

You should first make contact with the relevant academic or relevant College for an informal discussion of your publications and how they might be considered for a PhD by Published Work. If you decide to apply, you will make an application in the normal way.

What should my application consist of?

In addition to the standard application process, your application should also include a portfolio of publications, accompanied by a proposal not exceeding 2,000 words in length, which contextualises the selected publications, demonstrates their coherence and outlines the intended contribution to knowledge.

View the guidance on how to write your PhD by published work research proposal .

What happens after I’ve applied?

Your application will be considered by a College panel, which will assess the quality and the coherence of your publications and your proposal, and if the panel wishes to take your application further, it will invite you to interview, following which you will receive a decision.

How long will it take from initial enrolment to final submission of the work for examination?

This is a part-time programme which takes a minimum of 12 months and a maximum of 24 months.

What should I do next?

Check that you meet the entry requirements and review your options for funding your programme
Find out if we cover your proposed area of research and if there is a supervisory team available

If you decide to proceed, you can find links to apply and all the information you need on our Research area pages .

Fees and funding.

How much will it cost to study a research degree?

Entry requirements

Find out if you can apply for a Research Degree at the University of Westminster.

Research degree by distance learning

Find out about Research Degree distance learning options at the University of Westminster.

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PhD by Prior Publication Double PhD by Prior Publication

Phd by prior publication or existing published.

PhD by Publication's Candidates

The Conversation

Debora Wenger receives first PhD by Prior Publication from Kingston University

University of Chester’s first PhD by publication Candidate

Research Gate

Alexander macmillan (engineer) (university of cambridge, uk), mary ellen o'connell (university of cambridge, uk), christopher catherwood (university of east anglia, uk), josephine balmer (university of east anglia, uk), graham joyce (nottingham trent university, uk), wendy mcmurdo (university of westminster, uk), phd by journal publication (isi-q1, q2, q3, q4)*, thesis format.

List of Universities that offers the PhD by Prior Publication or Existing Published

Advan-kt Multiversity, USA Northumbria University UK Westminster University UK Kingston University UK Machanster Metropolitan University UK Massey University New Zealand Griffith University Australia University of Bristol UK University of Stirling UK Aberystwyth University UK University of New England UK Charles Sturt University Australia University of Portsmouth UK Glasgow Caledonian University UK University of Bradford UK Deakin University Australia

Unimap Malaysia University of Gibraltar Spain London School of Economics UK Liverpool John Moores University UK University of New York Prague University of East Anglia UK Maynooth University, Ireland University of Manchester UK City University of London UK Victoria University Australia RMIT University Australia Monash University Australia University of Tasmania Australia Dublin City University Ireland Wolverhampton University UK University of New South Wales Australia

University of Reading UK University of Exeter UK University College London UK University College Cork, Ireland Royal Holloway University UK Middlesex University London Waikato University New Zealand Queensland University of Technology Australia Oxford Brookes University UK James Cook University Australia University of Sydney Australia University of South Australia Western Sydney University Australia University of New Castle Australia Flinders University Australia Bongor University UK

Does a continent matter in a PhD by Prior Publication ?

Which PhD type is regarded as most difficult ?

Does ISI Web of Science play crucial role in a PhD by Prior Publication as compared to universities ?

Anyone aware about Ph.D. by publication?

International Conference on PhD by Prior Publication

Date: 7th Aug 2023, Vanue: Online Conference, Time: 10 AM (GMT+8.00)

www.advan-kt.com | tuition free education for all

Doctor of Business Administration

By publication.

The Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) by publication pathway offers an alternative approach for experienced professionals who have already made significant contributions to the field of business administration through published research. It recognizes the value of practical experience and encourages candidates to leverage their expertise to contribute to the scholarly community.

It acknowledges the value of candidates' professional experience and their contributions to the field of business administration. Candidates are typically required to have extensive managerial or executive experience, demonstrating their ability to apply theoretical knowledge to practical business challenges.

Unlike traditional DBA programs that require a traditional dissertation, the DBA by publication allows candidates to demonstrate their expertise and scholarly contributions through a series of published papers or articles.

Assessment method:

Coursework and Capstone

Duration : 2-4 years

Study mode : Online

Course information

An MBL, MBA, or equivalent Master's degree from an accredited tertiary institution (provide a clear copy of the degree as well as a transcript indicating the symbol or percentage obtained for each module and indicating that the qualification was completed)
An average pass mark of 65% and above for the Master's degree
Applicants are often required to submit a research statement or proposal that outlines their research focus, potential research questions, and the significance of their publications. The research statement should demonstrate how the applicant's published work aligns with a central research theme or focus area.
Submit a recent Curriculum Vitae
Submit a clear copy of your ID or passport.

Candidates will have a minimum of two (2) years and a maximum of four (4) years in which to complete the DBA degree successfully.

Blockchain verified degree

Graduates receive a simple, secure, lifelong link that can be shared directly with recruiters or published on their LinkedIn profiles. By clicking on this link, certified data can be read in real time on the Ethereum blockchain-based Polygon chain.

You can download your award in PDF format from the link sent to you. The award will have a QR code that can be scanned without a QR code scanner application. With this privilege, you can also share your digital award on LinkedIn, Facebook, and Twitter.

Read more about our blockchain verified degree at here

Common questions

How long does it take to get a business degree.

When pursuing doctoral degrees, students usually focus on business theories, management strategies, and or other specializations. It requires a significant time commitment to complete a business degree, which generally can take up to 3-6 years after completion of a master's. Appropriately, prospective students must consider if they need a doctoral degree to pursue their career goals.

How can I tailor a business degree for my needs?

You can start by exploring the various degrees and narrowing them to your interests. Then, choose a program that is applicable to them to achieve your goals. Consider choosing a major so you can obtain skills and further your knowledge that aligns with your career goals.

Which business online degree program could be right for me?

After identifying your interests, it is important to understand which path is right for you. Therefore, when deciding to choose a degree, you must think of why you want to earn this degree and what are the outcomes that you expect at the end of it. You must also consider whether the program you are choosing will open doors to your career.

What is Prior Learning Assessment (PLA)?

A prior learning assessment (PLA) is also known as a course exemption or advanced standing. It is a form of evaluation of the learning that is gained outside of traditional institutes toward further education or training. PLA is a proven intervention that helps learners reduce their educational costs and time to graduation.

How does a business degree prepare me for, or enhance, my business career?

Earning a business degree can equip you with many important managerial and leadership skills for a successful career, such as how to overcome business struggles and manage employees, effective communication, and maintaining a strong mentality within your team while accessing the business world.

You can also gain some other benefits including:

become a better and more knowledgeable leader
increase of pay
a better comprehension of business strategy and management
higher job performance and development of skills

Phd-Study-In-Usa

Living in the USA – A Guide for PhD Students

Written by Ben Taylor

As the world’s most popular study abroad destination, the USA needs little introduction. Sprawling cities, idyllic college towns and hi-tech campuses – the USA has something to offer PhD students of every type.

But what’s it actually like to study and research in America? This page will give you a guide to some student essentials, from culture and transport to accommodation and work visas.

Culture and tourism

Thanks to Hollywood, we’re all pretty familiar with what the USA has to offer tourists. Iconic sights like the Grand Canyon, Yosemite National Park and Niagara Falls are among the most visited natural attractions in the world, while Disneyland(s), the glitz of Las Vegas and the lively back-alleys of New Orleans represent less sedate ways to experience America.

The USA is blessed with countless significant cultural institutions, galleries and museums, and it would be impossible to do them justice here. New York City alone has the cutting-edge MoMA, the venerable Metropolitan Museum of Art and the spellbinding American Museum of Natural History.

Of course, the USA is a relatively young country but you can experience its revolutionary past in vibrant cities like Boston and Philadelphia. Meanwhile, Washington DC has a world-class collection of museums with several excellent universities and research institutes.

Sport and leisure

Sport is inescapable in America – especially at its universities, many of which boast huge stadiums that rival (or even eclipse!) the biggest ‘soccer’ stadiums over the pond in Europe.

American football, ice hockey, baseball, basketball. . . wherever you study your PhD, it’s likely that you’ll be able to adopt a nearby sports team and maybe even give it a go first-hand. If you’re unsure of the rules, friendly locals will usually be more than happy to explain what everything means.

In terms of non-competitive leisure activities, everything depends on the region you’re living in. You could go hiking in the Pacific Northwest’s lush rainforests, experience New England’s glorious autumnal leaves or camp out in the woods of upstate New York. Over on the West Coast, give surfing a go and catch some gnarly Californian waves (in between long stints in the lab, of course). The Rocky Mountains are renowned for snowboarding and skiing, while the Florida Keys are perfect for scuba-diving.

Food and drink

American cuisine is a reflection of the country’s diverse nature, taking inspiration from the immigrants – past and present – that have made America their home. The Chicago deep-pan style of pizza is a product of Italian-Americans, while Tex-Mex food is heavily influenced by Mexican delicacies.

Up in New England, you can try out clam chowder and freshly-caught lobster. Twin Peaks fans shouldn’t pass up the chance to enjoy a slice of cherry pie with a pipin’ hot cup of joe at a quaint roadside diner in Washington state.

It’s also worth bearing in mind that attitudes to alcohol vary widely across the States and may be quite different to what you’re used to back home. The minimum age for the consumption of alcohol is 21, although unless you’re a child prodigy this probably won’t affect you. Many states have strict curfews for the sale of alcohol. And, if you’re at a bar, it’s important to tip the bartender at least a dollar per drink!

Accommodation

There’s likely to be a range of accommodation to suit every taste – and budget – wherever you choose to study your PhD in America.

University dormitories

Most universities will have their own accommodation buildings, some of which may be aimed specifically at mature graduate students. This could take the form of a self-contained studio, a shared apartment or a series of bedrooms with a shared bathroom and kitchen area. If you have a family, you may be able to apply for special accommodation.

It’s fairly common for undergraduates to share a bedroom with a fellow student but this is less likely to be the case for graduate accommodation.

University-owned housing will usually be cheaper than private alternatives, but competition will be tough so it pays to apply as early as possible.

There will often be a choice between on- and off-campus housing, each with their own benefits.

Private rentals

If you aren’t able to secure suitable university accommodation, there will usually be a good selection of private housing – often aimed at students. You may want to rent a single apartment by yourself or share a house with likeminded individuals to split the bills.

Be aware that tenants’ rights vary greatly from state to state. If you’re unsure about a particular landlord, ask your university’s international student office for advice.

Living costs

The sheer size and diversity of the USA means that living costs differ widely from state to state (and even within states). In general, the North East is the most expensive region in which to live, with New York City in particular renowned for being costly. Over on the West Coast, California can be pricy.

If you’re on a budget, parts of the South and the Midwest are more affordable.

Prices in the USA

This table lists some average prices for typical expenses that you’ll encounter during your time in the USA.

Student Cost of Living in the USA - 2024
	USD $20.00
	USD $14.00
	USD $80.00
	USD $213.69
.

Working during your PhD

According to the conditions of your F-1 student visa, you can work on-campus for up to 20 hours a week during term-time and full-time during the holidays.

If you want to work off-campus , you’ll have to satisfy strict employment conditions dictated by your student visa and wait until you’ve completed your first academic year. Your employment must fall under one of the following categories:

Optional Practical Training (OPT) – This is temporary work that is closely related to your studies, authorised for a period of up to 12 months
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) Optional Practical Training Extension – This is an extension of OPT available to STEM students for up to 24 months
Curricular Practical Training (CPT) – This includes work placements and opportunities that are a compulsory part of your PhD programme

In terms of working hours, you must only engage in off-campus employment for 20 hours a week during term-time and full-time during vacation.

For more information, please visit the US Government’s page on student visas and employment .

It’s a good idea to open an American bank account as soon as possible upon your arrival in the States. It’ll make paying for bills and groceries a lot easier, and you won’t have to worry about the fluctuations in the exchange rate between the dollar and your home currency.

Most major banks offer student accounts, with perks and waived fees for those attending university. It should be fairly easy to open an account once you’ve arrived. Banks will usually require the following documents:

Student visa
An acceptance letter from your university
Proof of your US address

ATMs are widespread in the USA, although they do charge a transaction fee for withdrawals (often $2.50).

America’s huge size can make travelling interstate seem daunting. However, the country’s extensive highway network provides plenty of opportunities for iconic road trips. If you don’t drive, Greyhound buses (and plenty of other bus companies) are a cheap way of travelling between cities.

Rail travel

The USA’s railways aren’t as developed as those in Europe or parts of Asia. However, the famous Amtrak trains serve most major American cities (and a handful of Canadian ones), making for a comfortable way to experience the oft-stunning scenery of the American countryside.

Domestic flights are often the best way to travel the vast distances between American cities. It takes around six hours to fly from coast to coast.

Inner-city travel

Urban transit options vary widely from city to city. Some – like New York City, Washington DC and Boston – have well-developed metro systems, while others are disappointingly reliant on the automobile. In general, you’ll find that American cities are much more car-centric than their European counterparts. If you don’t drive, there will usually be a relatively extensive bus network, or you can make use of local taxis and ride-hailing apps like Uber and Lyft.

Find a PhD in the USA

Ready to start browsing some current PhD opportunities in America ? Alternatively, you can look at our other guides to PhD study abroad .

Want More Updates & Advice?

Everything you need to know about part-time and full-time work as a student or recent graduate in the USA.

Why you'll need health insurance as an international student in the USA and how to find the right plan for you.

Our guide tells you everything about the application process for studying a PhD in the USA.

Our guide to PhD funding in the USA has information on fully-funded PhD scholarships, as well as other funding options for international and domestic students.

Our guide tells you exactly what kind of visa you need to study a study in the USA and what you need to apply for it.

We cover everything you need to know about studying in New York, including top universities, living costs, accommodation and more.

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DU Professor Helps Solve Famous 70-Year-Old Math Problem

Jordyn reiland.

[email protected]

Assistant Professor Mandi Schaeffer Fry is the first faculty member to be published in the Annals of Mathematics since the 1880s.

University of Kaiserslautern Professor Gunter Malle, University of Denver Assistant Professor Mandi Schaeffer Fry and University of Valencia Professor Gabriel Navarro pose for a photo after announcing their theorem in Oberwolfach, Germany.

Whether it be flying trapeze, participating in competitive weightlifting or solving math problems that have confounded academics for decades, Mandi Schaeffer Fry enjoys chasing the next adventure.

Schaeffer Fry, who joined the University of Denver’s Department of Mathematics in the fall of 2023, will be the first faculty member since the 1880s to be published in the Annals of Mathematics , widely seen as the industry’s most prestigious journal.

In 2022, Schaeffer Fry helped complete a problem that dates to 1955—mathematician Richard Brauer’s Height Zero Conjecture.

“Maybe one of the most challenging parts, other than the math itself, was the knowledge of the weight that this would have on the field,” Schaeffer Fry says. “If you’re going to make an announcement like this, you have to be darn sure that it’s absolutely correct.”

Over the years, number crunchers have worked on the problem at universities across the globe, and some found partial solutions; however, the problem was not completed until now.

“Mandi’s accomplishment is exciting. Solving Brauer's Height Zero Conjecture is remarkable,” Mathematics Department Chair Alvaro Arias says.

The work is also a testament to DU’s achievement as a Research 1 (R1) institution.

Fry and her collaborators—University of Kaiserslautern Professor Gunter Malle, University of Valencia Professor Gabriel Navarro and Rutgers University Professor Pham Huu Tiep—worked around the clock over the course of three months in eight-hour shifts during the summer of 2022 to find a solution.

In April, that work was accepted for publication in the Annals of Mathematics.

'Brauer's Height Zero Conjecture (BHZ) was the first conjecture leading to the part of my field studying 'local-global' problems in the representation theory of finite groups, which seek to relate properties of groups with properties of certain nice smaller subgroups, letting us 'zoom in' on the group using just a specific prime number and simplify things," Schaeffer Fry says.

"The BHZ gives us a way to tell from the character table of a group (a table of data that encodes lots, but not all, information about the group) whether or not certain of these subgroups, called defect groups, have the commutativity property," she adds.

This paper was especially meaningful to Schaeffer Fry as she had always wanted to work with Malle, Tiep and Navarro as they have been her primary mentors. Tiep was her PhD advisor and this was the first time they had worked together since then.

Fry believes she has solidified her place in the field and knows she’ll likely never top this accomplishment, but she’s always looking for the next adventure—whether that’s in or out of the classroom.

Flying high and pumping iron

When Schaeffer Fry isn’t on DU’s campus working with students or conducting research, you can find her flying trapeze and competitive weightlifting.

Schaeffer Fry became involved in competitive weightlifting during graduate school, and, in the last year of her PhD at the University of Arizona, she defended her dissertation one day and got on a plane and competed at the national level for “university-aged” athletes—which included Olympians.

While she now lifts weights more casually, Schaeffer Fry competed last September in an over-35 competition and qualified for the USA Weightlifting Masters National Championships.

Mandi Schaeffer Fry performs a trick on the trapeze.

It was a “field trip” during a conference in Berkeley, California, in 2018 that led Fry to become enamored with flying trapeze.

In fact, she enjoyed it so much she signed up to be a member of Imperial Flyers, an amateur flying trapeze cooperative located in Westminster. Once she found out about the sport, her previous experience as a gymnast made it a natural fit.

Not only is she working on her own intermediate tricks, she’s also a “teaching assistant” at Fly Mile High, the state’s only flying trapeze and aerial fitness school.

“It’s exhilarating; it’s gotten me a bit over my fear of heights,” she says.

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IMAGES

PhD by Published Work: A Practical Guide for Success (Macmillan
PhD by Published Work: Book Review
(PDF) Publish and be doctor-rated: The PhD by published work
PhD by Published Work Examination Guidelines
Find out how to apply for a PhD by published work from the University
HOW DOES A PHD WORK (USA)?

COMMENTS

Doctor of Philosophy by publication
Doctor of Philosophy by publication A Doctor of Philosophy by publication (also known as a Ph.D. by Published Work, PhD by portfolio or Ph.D. under Special Regulation; also a thesis by publication, a thesis with publications, a publication-based thesis, an articles-based thesis, a manuscript-style dissertation, a compilation thesis and a journal format thesis [1]) is a manner of awarding a Ph ...
PhD by Publication
A PhD by publication is a less conventional doctorate gained through previously published work. Our guide explains who is eligible for this route, what it involves and how to apply.
PhD by Publication
Introduction Obtaining a PhD by publication is relatively uncommon in higher education. It can, however, be especially useful for established researchers who have published work but don't yet have a PhD. This article gives information on exactly what a PhD by publication is, how it works and what the advantages and disadvantages are. Read on to learn more.
Why get a PhD by publication (and other career tips)
A doctorate by published work can be approached in two ways. If you don't have a PhD, it can be researched and written as a prospective thesis, which can enable you to pursue research and journal-article production that map out a coherent path.
PhD by Published Work
What is PhD published work? A PhD awarded for the submission of a portfolio of published research to the standard of a regular PhD.
Full article: The PhD by publication in the humanities and social
The study found that there seems to be a preference for different types of PhD by publication in each of the countries. In the US they were all prospective PhDs with the work being especially written for the thesis. In the UK, by contrast, retrospective PhDs, the PhD by published work, largely dominate.
A PhD by publication or how I got my doctorate and kept my sanity
A PhD by Publication is just what it sounds like, instead of producing one large monograph, you produce a series of articles to be published in peer reviewed journals or as book chapters. The ...
Introduction: Demystifying the PhD by Publication
The final chapter on the way forward for PhD by Publication addresses both research and practice-related concerns by suggesting future research directions and supports which can be offered to PhD by Publication supervisors and students. References Chong, S. W. (2020). PhD by published work and "doctorateness": My experience at a UK university.
PhD by Publication
PhD by Publication in the UK. This method of gaining a PhD is relatively new, (even though is important) and hence, the requirements may vary from place to place. Generally, though, instead of submitting a thesis written specifically during three/four years study with the university, you are instead required to submit a number of published papers.
PhD by Published Work
Description This much-needed book provides a practical and comprehensive guide to achieving a PhD by published work. It provides an honest assessment of the pros and cons of various routes and helps readers to select the pathway that is right for them. It demystifies key processes and aspects of the award, such as navigating regulations, writing a synthesis and preparing for a viva, and ...
PhD by publication
A PhD by publication is a postgraduate research degree that's based on research you've already undertaken and had published (excluding self-publishing) before registering with us. Depending on the subject area, peer reviewed academic papers, complete books, chapters in anthologies, or equivalent materials accepted for publication, exhibited or ...
PhD and other doctorates by published work
PhD and other doctorates by published work The route to a doctorate by previously published work is currently offered by many universities, but is generally restricted to university staff, or in some cases to existing alumni.
Doctor of Philosophy Degree (PhD) by Published Work
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) is a doctoral degree that places more attention to the research and development of a new knowledge and other theoretical applications. Person can apply for PhD program that is based on the "published work" only if person already has published work; otherwise, person uses other approaches to complete PhD degree.
Demystifying Retrospective PhDs by Publication: A Collective ...
The Retrospective PhD by Publication provides an attractive alternative doctoral route for colleagues wishing to gain a PhD through a largely self-directed route, usually by building up a body of publications over a period of time then uniting them through a connecting narrative showing the golden thread that provides the coherence, originality ...
Completing a PhD by Published Works
Bethan Jones, University of York 4 March 2022 In June 2021 I sat my viva. Not unusual for a PhD student, I hear you say. You're right. But my PhD was done via published works and in the research I did to prepare for the viva I didn't find much abou
PhD by Published Work (Warwick Medical School) (2022 Entry)
Find out more about our PhD by Published Work course. Our PhD by Published Work is open to individuals who have already undertaken a portfolio of published research to the standard of a PhD. Warwick Medical School is home to outstanding expertise, with guidance from an academic adviser you will complete and present your published work.
43 Phd By Published Work Jobs in United States (2 new)
Today's top 43 Phd By Published Work jobs in United States. Leverage your professional network, and get hired. New Phd By Published Work jobs added daily.
Publish and be doctor‐rated: the PhD by published work
The purpose of this paper is, first, to provide a brief account of the PhD by published work focusing especially on quality assurance issues such as eligibility of candidates, the nature of the submission itself, supervision and assessment procedures. Second, it seeks to offer a discussion of the criteria to be met by candidates in writing a ...
Advice for supervising a PhD by published works
The route to a PhD by published works requires a different approach to supervision. Here, Alison Brettle provides aspects to consider based on her experience conducting, supervising and developing institutional guidance
PhD By Publication
The PhD by Publication is an accelerated, part-time PhD award intended for those who have carried out extensive research over a significant period of time and have a number of publications arising from this work which have already been published in high-quality journals. This should not be confused with the standard PhD (3-4 years full-time ...
PhD by published work
The PhD by published work route is intended primarily for mid-career research-active academics who, for one reason or another, haven't had the opportunity to undertake a research programme leading to a PhD. Submissions for this award will consist of a coherent body of work which is of the same quality, rigour and volume as required of a ...
PhD by Pub
PhD by Prior Publication or Existing Published. Doctor of Philosophy by Prior Publication or Existing Published or Series of Publication is a doctoral-level award and it is being awarded to the persons who have published books or articles in journals or articles in magazines or in similar means. Contents of the publications must be new ...
Doctor of Business Administration by Publication
The Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) by publication pathway offers an alternative approach for experienced professionals who have already made significant contributions to the field of business administration through published research. It recognizes the value of practical experience and encourages candidates to leverage their expertise ...
Living in the USA
According to the conditions of your F-1 student visa, you can work on-campus for up to 20 hours a week during term-time and full-time during the holidays.. If you want to work off-campus, you'll have to satisfy strict employment conditions dictated by your student visa and wait until you've completed your first academic year.Your employment must fall under one of the following categories:
DU Professor Helps Solve Famous 70-Year-Old Math Problem
Whether it be flying trapeze, participating in competitive weightlifting or solving math problems that have confounded academics for decades, Mandi Schaeffer Fry enjoys chasing the next adventure.Schaeffer Fry, who joined the University of Denver's Department of Mathematics in the fall of 2023, will be the first faculty member since the 1880s to be published in the Annals of Mathematics ...
PhD by Published Work
Description This much-needed book provides a practical and comprehensive guide to achieving a PhD by published work. It provides an honest assessment of the pros and cons of various routes and helps readers to select the pathway that is right for them. It demystifies key processes and aspects of the award, such as navigating regulations, writing a synthesis and preparing for a viva, and ...

Introduction

What is a PhD by Publication?

What are the Advantages?

What are the Disadvantages?

How Long Does a PhD by Publication Take?

What is the Application Process?

Do you have Supervision?

How does Assessment Work?

How Much Does It Cost?

What Kind of Publications Can I use in my Portfolio?

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A PhD by publication or how I got my doctorate and kept my sanity

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Demystifying Retrospective PhDs by Publication: A Collective Approach

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