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Is it possible to obtain a PhD in Canada without having to attend courses for a master degree?

I am used to European university system and I don't know much about how things are working overseas.

I already hold a Bachelor degree and a Master degree. I will soon be looking for a PhD. If I am not mistaken, in the USA, someone directly jumps from a Bachelor degree to graduates studies which include a Master degree + a PhD, is it correct? Is it also the way it works in Canada (Vancouver, UBC)? Is it possible to make a PhD in Canada without having to take time for the Master degree?

I read somewhere that a Canadian PhD last between 4 and 7 years. Does it include the Master degree? If yes, how much time does the PhD only represents?

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3 Answers 3

Canada is different from the USA, in that direct entry for a PhD after a bachelors degree is rare. The typical path is a bachelors, followed by two year masters, followed by four to five years for a PhD.

As far as I know, no typical Canadian PhD program also grants a masters, as in Canada, it's sort of implied that you already had one going into the PhD.

This is of course, based on my understanding of the sciences: Humanities and Engineering may vary.

EDIT : One note about courses: Course requirements vary dramatically from program to program, university to university. Some will require relatively few courses, others, many more.

• This is also true for computer engineering, at least. –  user6782 Commented Dec 11, 2013 at 0:51
• Same in CS, although there is often a possibility to "fast-track" to the PhD after one year of masters. For the courses requirement, even PhD students usually have to take a few (at least in Qc universities), but those done at the master can count. –  Zenon Commented Dec 12, 2013 at 5:14
• @Zenon true. Seems to happen pretty rarely in my experience, but is definitely a possibility. –  Matthew G. Commented Dec 12, 2013 at 16:25

I completed a PhD in Canada. I started in a MSc program, but after one year transferred into the PhD without completing the MSc. My total length of graduate studies was 5 years. This is not uncommon in biology at the schools I've been associated with. I'm not sure if you can technically apply directly to the PhD, but many students enter the MSc program with the expectation that they will transfer after one year, so it amounts to the same thing.

In my experience Canadian schools with a PhD program also grant MSc degrees in the same program. There are schools that only offer MSc without PhD though.

• It's good to see the counterpoint to my answer; My experience has always been that transfer has been rare, but I don't hang out with many biology grad-students. –  Matthew G. Commented Dec 13, 2013 at 21:42

I started a Canadian PhD program after completing a European Master's program. This is the typical progression in Canada; the combined Master's-PhD programs are the exception, not the norm. PhD programs typically take between 3 and 5 years. The exact length depends mostly on how quickly your research progresses.

That said, there are significant differences between Canadian and European PhD programs:

• Most Canadian PhD programs require you to take some courses. In my case, I had to take 3 graduate classes in various disciplines.
• You are not an employee of the university. You do not get a salary from the university for being a PhD student, and instead have to pay quite hefty tuition fees. You should make sure that your funding is enough to cover the tuition and living expenses. This funding can include salary from TA (Teaching Assistant) or RA (Research Assistant) work for the university, scholarships, and money from your supervisor's grant.

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How to Study a PhD in Canada

Sabrina Collier

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Table of contents

• Introduction

What are the admission requirements?

How long are phds in canada, how do i apply for a phd in canada, how much does it cost to study a phd in canada, what phd scholarships and other funding opportunities are available, can i work in canada part-time during my studies, can i stay and work in canada after my phd.

An increasingly attractive and multicultural study destination, Canada is a great option to consider for your PhD studies, offering a wealth of research opportunities to help you expand your expertise. More than a third of the country’s overall research is conducted at Canadian universities, and this work contributes billions to the country’s economy.

The requirements to study in Canada at doctorate level vary between universities and courses, but you generally need the following:

• A master’s degree in a related field, with strong grades and proven research ability and potential.
• Proof of language ability, depending on whether you study in English or French, if either language is not your first language and you haven’t previously studied in either language. (Some programs in French-speaking Quebec are conducted in both languages).
• A strong score in a graduate admissions test such as the Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT) or the Graduate Record Examination (GRE).

In exceptional cases, you may be able to study a PhD with “accelerated admission” – that is, without a master’s degree. In this process, you’ll need to have outstanding grades in the last two years of your bachelor’s degree (a first-class average) and other demonstrations of your high academic potential, such as research publications.

Most PhDs in Canada take about four to six years to complete.

Although the admissions process can vary between Canadian universities, you’ll generally need to follow the following steps to apply for a PhD:

1.  Decide which PhD course you’d like to apply for , identifying your supervisor and chosen research topic. This may be an advertised, structured PhD in which the scope of the research is already outlined by the university (particularly in the sciences), or alternatively (particularly in arts and humanities) you could suggest and outline your own research project with an open PhD. Once you’ve found a supervisor, some universities may ask for a letter of support from your chosen supervisor to be included in your application documents.

2. If applying for an open PhD, you’ll need to submit a research proposal following the guidelines set by your university and generally outlining what you want to research, and why this is a worthwhile project.

3. Apply online, paying the appropriate application fee and attaching the necessary documents to your application. This could be all or some of the following:

• Statement of purpose – this should outline your background and academic/professional experience, including any awards, publications or relevant experience you can offer. You should also discuss your career goals and anything else stipulated by the university, keeping to the word limit.
• Two or three letters of reference (including one from your intended supervisor). Your referees should be academic, where possible.
• Academic transcripts and degree certificates – Canadian universities may require that your university mails an official transcript, which should be in English or accompanied by a perfectly translated document.
• Writing sample (most likely for arts and humanities PhDs)
• Your Curriculum Vitae (CV)
• Language test results, if needed
• Portfolio of creative work (if applying for an arts/humanities PhD)

Some Canadian universities may also ask you to attend an admission interview .

4. Once accepted, the next step is to apply for your study permit , which acts as your student visa for your stay. You should also take out health insurance, and check your university’s website for orientation advice.

Tuition fees for a PhD in Canada vary between universities and courses, and will generally be around twice that of fees for Canadian students. An exception to this is the University of Toronto , where most international PhD students will pay the same tuition fees as domestic students, starting from fall 2018.

To give you an example of the cost of a PhD in Canada, the  University of British Columbia charges CA$7,641 (~US$5,760) per year for Masters by Research or PhDs, while PhDs are CA$$10,240 (~US$7,700) in years one and two at the  University of Manitoba .

Thankfully, many PhD scholarships are available to help make studying in Canada more affordable to international students, with many awards based on academic merit. The Canadian government runs a useful website with a  search tool  to find scholarships based on your country of origin. Other good places to look are the official websites of Canadian universities, which may provide their own scholarships search tool to help you find one relevant to your situation and country of origin.

Some examples of PhD scholarships to study in Canada include:

• The Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarships , which award CA$50,000 (~US$37,700) per year to highly-qualified international and home PhD students in the fields of social sciences and/or humanities, natural sciences and/or engineering and health.
• The Pierre Elliott Trudeau Foundation doctoral scholarships , which at the time of writing is currently in the process of being reworked.
• The University of British Columbia Four Year Doctoral Fellowship  provides a stipend of at least CA$18,200 (~US$13,700) per year plus full tuition for outstanding international/home doctoral students for all four years of their studies.

Teaching/research assistantships

Many students also decide to fund their studies by taking part in a research or teaching assistantship – in these, you can work as a teaching or research assistant in exchange for a stipend and/or have your tuition fully or partially covered.

As a research assistant, you’ll work to help a faculty member (which may be your supervisor) by assisting with data collection, analysis, report writing, lab/office organization and other tasks. As a teaching assistant, you’ll support your department with its undergraduate programs, teaching one or more sections of the course, conducting laboratory sections, holding office hours and grading undergraduate papers. To become a teaching assistant, you’ll need to demonstrate your mastery of the course and ability to effectively facilitate students’ learning.

To apply for a research or teaching assistantship, you’ll need to check the information posted by your university and likely fill in an online application form.   

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Yes, all full-time students with a valid study permit can work part-time on or off campus for up to 20 hours per week during university semesters and full time during semester breaks. However, some PhD courses may stipulate that you shouldn’t work for more than 10 hours per week during term time – particularly if you’ve been granted funding to study in Canada. It’s also important to consider that your PhD will take up a considerable amount of time and challenging work, so you might prefer to focus entirely on your studies. Also, it’s not advised to rely on part-time work to fund your living expenses. You’ll need a Social Insurance Number to work in Canada.

Yes – if you’d like to stay after graduation to find work in Canada, you can apply for the P ost-Graduation Work Permit Program (PGWPP) which allows you to stay and gain valuable work experience for a maximum of three years. And if you’re interested in becoming a permanent resident, this post-graduation work experience helps you to qualify to apply for permanent residency in Canada via Express Entry. Find out more here .

Want more content like this?   Register for free site membership  to get regular updates and your own personal content feed.

This article was originally published in April 2017. It was updated in June 2018.

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The former Assistant Editor of TopUniversities.com, Sabrina wrote and edited articles to guide students from around the world on a wide range of topics. She has a bachelor's degree in English Literature and Creative Writing from Aberystwyth University and grew up in Staffordshire, UK. 

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PhD studies in Canada: A dilemma for international students

In Canada, international students working on their PhD are given funding for four years. After that, they are on their own.

• 57 Comments

Canadian society and the Canadian academy are proud of their openness and diversity. Every year, thousands of international students are encouraged to embark upon undergraduate and graduate studies at Canadian institutes of higher education. Indeed, the drive amongst Canadian universities to attract top-quality international students in greater numbers is intensifying. And yet, there is a significant systemic problem for those international students in the arts and humanities who undertake doctoral studies in Canada.

These PhD candidates are encouraged to complete their degree in four years and, with but few exceptions, funding generally isn’t provided beyond this period. But looking at studies on PhD completion times at Canadian universities, it is clear that the vast majority of students do not finish in four years: the average post-master’s completion time is about five years, according to a 2003 report by Frank Elgar.

This is a worrying statistic. It shows a misalignment between the expectations of university authorities and the lived reality of PhD students. It is worrying for Canadian PhD candidates, and certainly causes hardship to those Canadians who do not complete their degrees before their funding expires. But for international students, the situation is dramatic .

University fees for international students are approximately twice those of Canadian students. At the University of Western Ontario, for example, the 2011-12 fall term costs $2,836 for a Canadian student, but more than twice that, at $5,807, for an international student. While funding is secure, of course, this difference is barely felt. The drama unfolds when funding runs out.

International students who cannot pay their fees are unable to prove to Immigration Canada that they have sufficient funds to remain in the country. They are faced with having to leave Canada without a degree, after four years of hard work, with little prospect of completing a doctoral program at another institution.

In the past, many savvy international PhD candidates would apply for permanent residence in Canada so as to pay the much lower resident fees once their funding had expired. But since the summer of 2010, this is no longer possible: the provincial nominee program in Ontario, for example, specifies that candidates are eligible to be nominated for residence only after completion of their PhD degree.

Thus, under current conditions, international PhD candidates must confront the stark prospect of having to leave empty-handed. This situation causes much anxiety and distress. Not only do international students have to deal with issues of culture and language differences and homesickness, but they must also deal with the added pressure of having to be, on average, faster at completing their studies than their Canadian colleagues. Some manage to do this. Others will fall by the wayside, or else submit a thesis which they know is below academic standards.

What is it about international students that makes their pockets intrinsically better lined with money? Placements and funding at Canadian universities, we are told, are accorded on merit. But in practice it will be those international students who can pay who will be academically more successful. Or, international students are tacitly expected to be superior academically than their Canadian colleagues. This is not a “culture of completion” as university authorities tell us, but a “culture of discrimination.”

It is the universities that are at fault. There is no logic in limiting funding to four years if it is patently obvious that most students in the arts and humanities are not completing their degrees within those time constraints. Unfortunately, it is our experience that university authorities adopt an attitude of “our hands are tied,” blaming other university bodies, or the provincial or federal government.

Some tentative steps are being taken by universities to curtail completion times. But what is required is a greater determination to confront the systemic dilemma that international PhD students face. Otherwise, we fear, international students may be discouraged from studying in Canada and Canadian universities may forfeit the very diversity they so yearn for.

Stephanie Kapusta and Cristina Roadevin are PhD candidates at the University of Western Ontario.

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Universities are now run by a professional “administrative” class, which is less committed to the university’s mission to expand and disseminate knowledge (through research and teaching) as it is to the promotion of institution in international rankings of prestige and of generating income. As a case in point, I note that almost every Ontario University, including my own, has had large contingents of senior administrators make lengthy junkets to China and India in the past year for to promote the institution. Two issues concern me about the sincerity of administration promoting our schools abroad. First, if increasing diversity is the point, then there must be real action taken to allow international students to complete their degrees (funding must be available for an additional year) and to integrate into local life (e.g. spouses need to be able to work here). Secondly, our standards for academic integrity must not be compromised in the name of securing continued tuition for full-fee paying undergraduates. I have had the experience of being unable to fail a student for repeated plagiarism because (so the argument goes) he faced pressure to succeed/cultural differences in acceptable conduct. I don’t buy these arguments. I fear that we are being told to turn a blind eye to conduct that as educators we need to correct (through counselling for anxiety or additional training on proper citation) because we don’t want to jeopardize the incoming fees.

While it is a genuine concern (comment above) that we need not and should not “dilute” academic standards just to accommodate more incoming international fees, we cannot generalize. Every international student may not be plagiarizing as not every canadian citizen/PR is not an “academic saint”. There are badd apples everywhere and we must treat them as such without labeling them as “local” vs. “international”.

One way to address this mismatch beween number of years of funding and completion of Ph.D. programme is to cap the number of years of a student’s registration at four years; if he/she does not finish by the specified period, he/she should register once again – afresh. But it should be an exception rather than a rule. The professor must share some part of the blame as to why did the student fail to complete the degree within the given time frame. At least he/she must convincingly explain to the university academic administration the circumstances that led to student’s inability to complete the research work successfully. To do this, it may be essential to have a research advisory committee (of at least two more professors) for a Ph.D. candidate who can monitor and evaluate a student’s performance at least at the end of every six months. This would keep a Ph.D. student on rails and also avoid laxity on the part of the supervisor, if any. The University can have as many international students as it wants and is good for its cultural diversity as well as its financial health.

I completed a PhD at a smaller Canadian University (University of New Brunswick), and had to pay my own tuition, internatoinal service fee, and health care (as you are not covered under medicare). This means about 50% of your annual salary is going to tuition + health care.

While I only completed my first year as international PhD student in Canada, I indeed am already worried about this issue, in particular, since my university only offered me funding for the first three years. Also it seems worth noting that international students are not allowed to work outside of their university. Many of my colleagues are looking for part-time jobs at CEGEPs (I am in Quebec), an opportunity that is closed to me as well.

There are no jobs in Canada, anyway. Are you going to work in Tim Hortons? It is very difficult to get there, too, anyway. Crowds of newcomers are coming and coming and there are no jobs for them. On campus, you can work for some professors and you are paid much more.

The commenter “International” mentions one of the greatest barriers that international students face in the completion of their PhD: when scholarships run out domestic students can find outside work to fund the completion of their studies, but because of visa restrictions international students cannot. Usually the international students’ only recourse is to return to their countries of origin, which dramatically decreases the likelihood of degree completion. Such a consequence benefits no one: not the university, not the department, not the student.

Make excuses for university administrators if you must, but the fact remains that it is highly unethical to invite a student to study in Canada without funding them for a realistic duration of study.

Australia is no different from Canada. The educational system is two-tiered with education a matter of fundamental right for Aussies and a passport for a better future for international students and a matter of privilege.

The Australian higher educational system is highly discriminatory in the way it promotes domestic students at the cost of scientific rigour. For example, local students have no time limits to submit their degree. International students owing to visa regulations have to submit their theses in three years. If unsuccessful in finishing up in three years, they are expected to cough up ridiculously high fees. If a local student does not complete her/his degree, the university is held accountable to ensure that the student finishes her/his degree but in the case of international students the university is not answerable to ensure that their degree is completed in a timely manner. The university rules militate against the principles of science and are to an extent racist!

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Is a PhD worth it? ( self.academia )

submitted 1 year ago by [deleted]

What are your thoughts and perspectives, I am considering to pursue a PhD in computational biology/neurogenetics but not sure it it worth it in long run (also for jobs after finishing PhD program)

• 14 comments

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Post a comment!

[–] DangerousBill 9 points 10 points 11 points 1 year ago *   (2 children)

If you stop at a bachelor's or master's, your eventual boss might have a PhD. The advanced degree isn't for everyone, but it opens up depth and variety in your career options.

My PhD took me into six different specialties at five different employers ranging over government, industry, and academia.

A friend of mine worked on a single enzyme for his entire career, ending up as president of his university. Anything is possible.

[–] [deleted] 0 points 1 point 2 points 1 year ago   (1 child)

True, thanks for the insight. Your career path is really amazing, in what field was your PhD?

[–] DangerousBill 1 point 2 points 3 points 1 year ago   (0 children)

Biochemistry, but post docs in virus genetics and enzymology.

[–] [deleted] 4 points 5 points 6 points 1 year ago   (2 children)

40-60% of graduate students don’t finish their PhDs. The only reason to do a PhD is if you are sufficiently passionate about a field that you want to devote 4-5 years to mastery of a highly specific component of it. If you don’t have that level of passion, you won’t finish. As for career prospects: it’s a crapshoot.

[–] _XtalDave_ -1 points 0 points 1 point 1 year ago   (1 child)

Woah, where are you where the drop out rate is so high? Here in the UK the combination of failure and drop out rate is ~20%

[–] [deleted] 1 point 2 points 3 points 1 year ago   (0 children)

[–] DeepSeaDarkness 3 points 4 points 5 points 1 year ago   (1 child)

Do you want to do research as a career?

[–] [deleted] 0 points 1 point 2 points 1 year ago   (0 children)

Yes, but doing research is also possible in companies for example so that’s why it seems difficult to decide

[–] FOXO1_IGMBC 1 point 2 points 3 points 1 year ago   (0 children)

If you have to ask, you already know the answer. Once you start, you will continue to ask that question every year, and it will get harder and harder to justify the answer. Many will talk about the benefits after but you need to remember that you have to finish first, and if your asking this question as a graduate student the answer for just yourself is inevitably no.

[–] CptNemo55 0 points 1 point 2 points 1 year ago   (2 children)

Well, it depends, what is the reason you want to get a PhD?

I want to get it as it allows for my research to have more societal impact, and the focus lies more on the research than just profit and money which can be the case in companies. And I enjoy going to conferences and am passionate about the topic

[–] CptNemo55 0 points 1 point 2 points 1 year ago   (0 children)

Ok, all good reasons. What do you plan to do for a job after you have PhD?

[–] sbby31 0 points 1 point 2 points 1 year ago   (0 children)

I think that, unfortunately, it is a personal decision. Your career aspects in that field are probably decent with or without a PhD. You can definitely get yourself into a role that supports research (research that greatly benefits society, if you are lucky) with a bachelors/masters degree, and many people are very happy in that kind of role.

I assume you are relatively young (20s-ish). Doing a PhD will rob you of the experience of having money pretty early in life, and that is a dealbreaker for some (no judgement, there is no right or wrong answer). The job market for PhDs is no longer a "sure thing" that guarantees you wealth/tenure later in life.

I got my PhD in a roughly comparable field- I did it mostly because I wanted the option to lead research efforts or teach afterwards. I do not think I would be happy in a bachelors level role working under PhDs who lead the research efforts, or in an industry role where I have very little autonomy, and I stand by that decision. I decided that was important to me and endured 5 years of BS getting another slip of paper. I am not far along enough in my career to know if a PhD was the right call, but so far it has worked out well for me and I am glad I did it.

[–] marcopoloman 0 points 1 point 2 points 1 year ago   (0 children)

I did my PhD a few years ago. It did get me a much higher paying teaching position.

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PhD in Canada

• Thread starter DanielCot89
• Start date Sep 6, 2012

DanielCot89

Hey guys, I wondered if anyone can help me? I am an British student and have been offered a place on a PhD at a University in Canada. It is a fully funded studentship, meaning that I will be paid around 24,000 CAD a year. Can anyone tell me what finances I need to show I have in order to get a student visa? Many thanks Daniel  

Full Member

Congraaaaaaaaaaaaats dear I am sorry that I cannot answer your question but I can ask from consultants who are working in our country for students (who apply for Canadian education) Please help me as I am applying for PHD in Business Administration (Marketing) I have done everything but help me in writing proposal 1- How to write proposal? 2- Contents of proposal 3- How you made your proposal 4- Is net helps to make a proposal (if you got help from net please guide me the websites) Anything else you can write in this regard i am sending you message please also read that regards  

Star Member

helo sham..i too want to apply for Phd in Human resources..plz HELP me regarding what is the eligibility criteria..can i skip GRE/GMAT n ielts requirement is 7 overall or it is 6.5 in each??? plz plz plz reply me  

Sory for late reply plz visit this link u can have all ideas about universities, select course and contact the coordinators from university for instance i did contact with Calgory University there was Mr. Bree who guided me perfectly plz regards  

Calgory University is best  

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PhD in Canada

If you're considering pursuing a PhD in Canada , you've come to the right place. Canada is home to some of the best universities in the world, and obtaining a PhD from a Canadian university can be a great way to boost your career prospects. This comprehensive guide will cover everything you need to know about pursuing a PhD in Canada, including admission requirements, funding opportunities, visa requirements, etc.

What is a PhD?

A PhD, or Doctor of Philosophy, is the highest academic degree awarded by universities in Canada and worldwide. It is a research-based degree that involves original research and the completion of a thesis or dissertation.

Why Pursue a PhD in Canada?

Canada is an excellent destination for pursuing a PhD for several reasons. Firstly, Canadian universities are renowned for their academic excellence and high-quality research facilities. Secondly, Canada is a safe and welcoming country with a diverse population, making it an ideal destination for international students. Thirdly, pursuing a PhD in Canada can lead to excellent academic, research, and industry career opportunities.

PhD in Canada – A Comprehensive Guide

Pursuing a PhD in Canada involves several steps, including selecting a program, applying for admission, obtaining funding, and obtaining a visa. Here is a comprehensive guide that will help you navigate the process:

Choosing a Program

The first step in pursuing a PhD in Canada is to select a program. Canadian universities offer various programs in various disciplines, including science, engineering, social sciences, humanities, and business. Choosing a program that aligns with your research interests and career goals is essential. You should also consider factors such as the program's reputation, faculty quality, and research facilities' availability.

Admission Requirements

Admission requirements for a PhD program in Canada vary depending on the university and program. However, most universities require the following:

• A master's degree or equivalent in a related field
• A high GPA (usually 3.0 or higher)
• A strong research proposal
• Letters of recommendation from academic referees
• Proof of English proficiency (for international students)

Top Universities in Canada for PhD

Canada is home to some of the world's top universities, many offering exceptional PhD programs. Here are some of the top universities in Canada for PhD studies:

University of Toronto

The University of Toronto is one of Canada's top-ranked universities, offering PhD programs in various fields, including engineering, humanities, social sciences, and more. It has a large and diverse graduate community known for its world-class research facilities.

University of British Columbia

The University of British Columbia is another top-ranked university in Canada, offering PhD programs in various fields, including forestry, business, engineering, and more. It has a large and diverse graduate community known for its innovative research programs.

McGill University

McGill University is a top-ranked university in Canada, offering many PhD programs in various fields, including medicine, law, engineering, and more. It has a large and diverse graduate community known for its cutting-edge research programs.

University of Alberta

The University of Alberta is one of Canada's top-ranked universities, offering PhD programs in various fields, including science, engineering, humanities, and more. It has a large and diverse graduate community known for its innovative research programs.

University of Waterloo

The University of Waterloo is another top-ranked university in Canada, offering PhD programs in various fields, including computer science, engineering, mathematics, and more. It has a large and diverse graduate community known for its cutting-edge research programs.

These are just a few of the top universities in Canada for PhD studies. Other top-ranked universities include the University of Montreal, McMaster University, and the University of Ottawa. When choosing a university for your PhD studies, it's important to consider factors such as research opportunities, funding opportunities, and faculty expertise in your field of study.

Funding Opportunities

PhD programs in Canada can be expensive, and funding opportunities are crucial to support your studies. Fortunately, Canadian universities offer several funding opportunities, including:

• Scholarships and fellowships: Canadian universities offer several scholarships and fellowships to support the studies of PhD students. These include the Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarship, the Trudeau Foundation Scholarship, and the Canada Graduate Scholarships-Master's Program.
• Teaching and research assistantships: Many PhD students in Canada work as teaching or research assistants to support their studies. These positions provide a stipend and tuition waiver.
• External funding: Several organisations in Canada offer external funding opportunities for PhD students, including the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC).

Visa Requirements

International students pursuing a PhD in Canada must obtain a study permit. To obtain a study permit, you must first obtain a letter of acceptance from a Canadian university. You will also need to provide proof of financial support, a passport, and other documents as required by the Canadian government.

What is the duration of a PhD program in Canada?

The duration of a PhD program in Canada varies depending on the program and university. However, most PhD programs take between four to six years to complete.

Can I work while pursuing a PhD in Canada?

Yes, international students in Canada can work up to 20 hours per week during the academic session and full-time during scheduled breaks.

What is the cost of pursuing a PhD in Canada?

The cost of pursuing a PhD in Canada varies depending on the program and university. However, most PhD programs in Canada are funded, meaning students receive a stipend and tuition waiver. International students may also be eligible for scholarships and fellowships to support their studies.

What are the English proficiency requirements for international students?

International students must provide proof of English proficiency by taking an English language test, such as the TOEFL or IELTS . The minimum score required varies depending on the university and program.

Can I apply for permanent residency after completing my PhD in Canada?

International students who complete a PhD program in Canada may be eligible for permanent residency through various immigration programs, such as the Canadian Experience Class.

Can I pursue a PhD in Canada part-time?

Yes, some universities in Canada offer part-time PhD programs. However, part-time PhD programs may take longer to complete than full-time programs.

Obtaining a PhD degree from a Canadian university can be a great way to enhance your career prospects and gain valuable research experience. This comprehensive guide covers everything you need to know about pursuing a PhD in Canada, including admission requirements, funding opportunities, visa requirements, etc. If you're considering pursuing a PhD in Canada, we encourage you to explore the various programs and opportunities available.

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How to write a why us essay, how to quote a poem in an essay, hospital nurse staffing and patient mortality, nurse burnout, and job dissatisfaction, nurse-staffing levels and the quality of care in hospitals, the perks of being a phd student: reddit reacts.

Image: timeshighereducation.com

The decision to pursue a PhD often comes with mixed feedback. While many emphasize the challenges like financial strain and long hours, there are also unsung benefits to consider. This article offers an in-depth look, presenting both the pros and cons, to provide a comprehensive understanding for those contemplating this academic path.

Key Takeaways:

• PhD programs offer unparalleled schedule flexibility, allowing a work-life balance.
• Post-PhD career opportunities can be financially rewarding, especially in specific fields.
• Hands-on volunteering enriches your academic journey, offering practical experience before formal PhD work begins.

Many people online, especially on Reddit, talk about the tough parts of being a PhD student. But there’s a positive side too. This article will talk about the good things: getting paid to learn, working with smart folks, and sharing your ideas with the world. Let’s look at the brighter side of the PhD journey.

The perks of being a PhD student by u/like_a_tensor in PhD

Benefits of Being a PhD

When many people hear the term “PhD”, they might immediately think of endless research, long hours, and a challenging journey. But, if we dive into personal experiences, a fuller, more nuanced picture emerges. Several PhD students and graduates took to Reddit to share the advantages they found in their academic pursuits, revealing a side to the journey that’s often overshadowed by its challenges.

One of the standout benefits is the considerable flexibility that a PhD program offers. Unlike rigid 9-5 jobs, many students have the liberty to tailor their schedules. One Reddit user contributes, 

“This might not apply to all – but I really took for granted how flexible I could make my work schedule.” 

They further elaborated on how they had control over their time. If a friend wanted to hang out on a Friday or if they wanted to plan a holiday, they often could without much restriction. Another user chimed in, noting the unmatched flexibility of their hours in a computational field. When life events such as pregnancy came up, the flexibility in their schedule made it easier to manage. They could sleep in when they felt ill or attend necessary medical appointments without facing repercussions.

Contrasting the PhD lifestyle with demanding industry roles, a seasoned PhD on Reddit shared their insights, 

“I was in a computational field and I had complete ownership over my hours. I know a lot of people say that a PhD has a huge workload, but I didn’t see anyone in my cohort pulling such long days despite it being a top program.” 

Before their PhD, they worked as an investment banker, often running on just four hours of sleep, leaving the office sometimes at 6 am only to be back by 8:30 am. 

Besides flexibility, the nature of work and learning opportunities that come with pursuing a PhD also seem to resonate positively with many. As one individual put it, 

“I’m in a field where there’s a strong market for PhDs in industry. It’s the best of both worlds.” 

They highlighted that the kind of work they now engage in after their PhD is more interesting than what they had been doing before.

Another Reddit user was passionate about their niche research area, stating, 

“I’m doing philosophical analysis of psychedelics and I get to research basically whatever I please.” 

They found great value in the support of open-minded supervisors and a rich network of fellow researchers, making their PhD journey feel meaningful. They also mentioned their success in publishing an article, showcasing that academic accomplishments can bring a great sense of pride and achievement.

Furthermore, many PhD students find unique opportunities to leverage student benefits, even when they’re deep into their program. As one individual humorously pointed out, 

“Abusing student privileges (i.e. access to certain spaces, groups, discounts) that are probably meant mostly for undergrads but hey why shouldn’t I show up for the therapy dogs during finals week at the library?” 

These perks, though seemingly minor, can enhance the overall student experience.

The financial side of things was also touched upon. A prevailing myth suggests that all PhD students struggle financially. While it’s true that many aren’t rolling in money, the picture isn’t universally bleak. One individual shared, 

“I can’t complain with a comfortable six-figure income,” after finishing their PhD, implying that certain fields do offer lucrative opportunities post-graduation. Another user from Finland mentioned they had secured 1.5 years of funding for their research, underscoring that, while not wealthy, they were “doing financially OK.”

In the US, people with a PhD usually earn more and face lower unemployment than those without one. But this isn’t a rule for everyone. If you’re mainly looking to make money, starting a job right after university can often be the better move. During the years spent on a PhD, you could already be building job experience and moving up in your career. So, while a PhD might pay off for some, it’s essential to think about other job options and their earnings too.

The overarching sentiment from these insights is that while there are undeniable challenges in pursuing a PhD, there’s also a wealth of benefits that often go unnoticed. From flexibility to learning opportunities, from financial stability in certain fields to the joy of academic achievements, the journey can be incredibly rewarding. As one Reddit user aptly summarized, 

“Honestly, the lifestyle (save for the low pay) is extremely good in many fields. Overall, not too shabby. I don’t regret it.”

How to Prepare for a PhD Program

Preparing for a PhD program might seem daunting, but with the right steps, you can be well-prepared for this significant chapter in your academic journey. Here are three straightforward tips to help you get ready for a PhD program, based on insights and experiences shared by those who have walked this path.

1. Understand What’s Expected in a PhD Program

Before you dive into a PhD, it’s essential to know what you’re getting into. This means understanding the requirements of the program. Most PhD programs will want you to have a master’s degree in a related field. Some might even ask for added coursework or some research experience. So, before you start filling out that application form, check out the program’s admission requirements. Make sure you tick all the boxes.

But it’s not just about meeting the entry criteria. It’s also about understanding what the program involves. What kind of academic work will you need to do? What sort of research projects might you take on? By getting a clear picture of these things, you’ll be better prepared to tackle the program head-on.

2. Choose the Right Program for You

Picking the right PhD program can make a world of difference. It’s all about finding a program that matches your research interests and goals. To do this, take a close look at the faculty in the program. What are they researching? If you can find professors or mentors whose interests align with yours, you’re on the right track.

Also, think about the resources the program offers. Are there good facilities, labs, and tools available? What about funding? Some programs might offer scholarships, grants, or fellowships. Remember, a PhD can be pricey, so any financial support can be a big help.

3. Get Practical Experience

While university courses often teach you a lot of theory, getting hands-on, practical experience can give you an edge. One great way to do this is by volunteering in a research lab. As one student shared, volunteering gave them a chance to see research in action and feel like they were making a real contribution, even before starting their PhD.

Volunteering also lets you try out different research areas. You might find a topic you’re passionate about or figure out that something you thought you’d love isn’t really for you. And the good news? These volunteer stints usually aren’t long-term commitments. So, you can try a few different things without feeling stuck.

Another bonus of volunteering is the skills you pick up. Maybe you’ll learn how to use a specific piece of research equipment or get to know a particular kind of data analysis. These skills can come in handy when you start your PhD. And, if you’re looking to boost your resume, this experience can be a gold star when applying for paid positions or graduate programs.

If you’re wondering where to find these opportunities, start with online platforms like Facebook groups or job sites. Some universities post opportunities on notice boards. But one of the best ways? Reach out to faculty members or staff at your university. They often know about opportunities that aren’t widely advertised and can point you in the right direction.

Pursuing a PhD comes with challenges, but it’s also packed with rewards. Understanding the full spectrum can guide informed decisions for aspiring academics.

Follow us on Reddit for more insights and updates.

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Phd-Study-In-Canada

• Applying for a PhD in Canada

Written by Mark Bennett

This page explains how to apply to a university in Canada for PhD study, including entry requirements and the documents you’ll need.

You'll normally apply straight to the graduate school that is running your PhD. Some universities will have separate graduate schools for different subject areas. Others will have one large school administering all of their advanced degree programmes.

Admission requirements

The minimum requirement for a PhD in Canada will normally be a Masters degree in a related subject. Unlike in the UK and USA it is quite rare to go straight from undergraduate study to a doctorate. Some universities may allow you to do so if you do some additional Masters-level training.

Admission to a Canadian doctoral programme can be quite competitive. Students will often progress through modules together. This means graduate schools may only have places for a certain number in each year's cohort.

This means that your previous academic attainment will probably be examined quite closely.

In particular, you will usually be asked to provide a Grade Point Average (GPA) score instead of just submitting your final degree result. GPA is the system used in the USA and Canada (as well as some other countries) but is less common in the UK and Europe. It provides a more nuanced representation of your overall performance across a course of study.

Don't worry if your previous universities didn't use a GPA system: it's possible to convert most other grades into a GPA. The following table provides a rough guide to GPA equivalents for UK degree honours:

You'll normally need a GPA of 3.0 or higher for admission to a Canadian PhD programme.

Graduate admissions tests

You may also be asked to provide a score from a Graduate Records Examination (GRE) or Graduate Management Admissions Test (GMAT). This allows universities to assess applicants' suitability for advanced graduate work. Universities will sometimes use these to choose between applicants with similar academic results.

Specific requirements will vary between universities and graduate schools, so check in advance.

Language requirements

You will complete a Canadian PhD in either English or French, depending on which province you study in. English is the most common language of instruction, but universities in Québec will normally teach in French, as will some in New Brunswick.

Whichever language you choose to study in, you'll need to demonstrate that you're proficient in it to complete a PhD. If you're a native speaker or have already studied at university-level in either language that will normally be sufficient. Otherwise, you'll need to complete a language test and submit the score as part of your application.

Our guides introduce some of the common English language tests and French language tests that are suitable for PhD study, but you should always check which system your university prefers.

How to apply to universities in Canada

There two ways you can apply to a university in Canada for PhD study:

• Find an advertised project and apply for it. Many projects will already have a scholarship or stipend attached and will be looking for the ideal candidate.
• Apply to a university's doctoral programme with your own research project. The first step in this case is usually to identify a suitable supervisor and / or research group and contact them to discuss your interest. You may need to apply for funding separately.

Depending on the kind of opportunity you apply for, you'll normally need supply the following:

• Details (and evidence) of your previous study and qualifications : As well as confirmation of your final result (and GPA), Canadian universities may ask to see academic transcripts. These include information on your specific modules and grades. Your previous university/ies should be able to provide this, but you'll need to give them enough time.
• Information on your project details and plans : If you're suggesting your own topic you will normally need to submit a research proposal for it. If you're applying for an advertised opportunity, you may be asked to provide a personal statement .
• Two letters of recommendation : These will serve as your academic references . They should be provided by tutors or instructors who know your work at undergraduate or postgraduate level. Make sure to check that these people are happy to serve as your referees and give them plenty of notice.
• Evidence of test scores for any language tests or graduate admissions exams you've been asked to complete.

Be sure to check the specific requirements at your graduate school (or ask the supervisor you're applying to work with).

Specific deadlines for Canadian PhD applications will often be set by graduate schools. Actual dates will vary, but you should generally apply in the spring for an autumn start, or vice versa. Make sure to allow enough time to put together all of your application materials (and sort your visa, if you need one).

Universities in Canada may arrange a PhD interview to evaluate your application and potential or get to know you better. If so, you may be given the opportunity to conduct your interview via Skype, or a similar video conferencing platform.

Think you’re ready to find the perfect project for you?

Search our database of PhD programmes in Canada .

Our postgrad newsletter shares courses, funding news, stories and advice

Mark bennett.

Mark joined FindAPhD to develop our first ever advice articles in 2013 and now serves as our Director of Audience & Editorial, making sure our websites and information are as useful as possible for people thinking about Masters and PhD study. He has a PhD in English Literature from the University of Sheffield, as well as Bachelors and Masters degrees from the University of Kent and the University of South Wales.

This guide tells you all about everything you need to apply for a PhD programme in Germany.

There are no fees for PhD study at most German universities and funding is available from a range of government agencies, research societies and other organisations.

Want to study a PhD in Ireland? This guide gives a detailed introduction to the kind of visa you need to study in Ireland and how to apply for it.

Everything you need to know about part-time and full-time work in Germany as a student or recent graduate in Germany.

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• 28 April 2023

Canadian PhD students and postgrads plan mass walkout over low pay

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Graduate students and postdoctoral researchers at dozens of universities and research institutions across Canada are planning to walk out on 1 May in protest at government-funded salaries that have remained flat since 2003.

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