psychology phd worth it

Amy Bucher, Ph.D.

Applied Behavioral Science for Health and Well-Being

Should I Get a PhD in Psychology?

Before I get started, keep in mind that PhD programs differ quite a bit between disciplines. If you’re thinking of getting a degree in engineering or English, your program might look a lot different from mine, so keep your grain of salt handy.

You might want to get a PhD in psychology if . . .

You want a job or career that requires a PhD. This one seems like a no-brainer, but not everyone thinks it through. In general, working as an academic in an R1 institution  (that is, a tenure-track professor role that includes both teaching and research) will require a PhD. It’s possible to get a college teaching job at a community college or liberal arts school with a master’s degree, although my guess is that this is getting increasingly competitive as PhD programs graduate new doctors faster than the academic job market can bear . Likewise, it’s possible to work in academic research (particularly in a lab manager or coordinator role) without a PhD, but these roles are not plentiful in the social sciences.

If you are interested in counseling psychology, it may not be necessary to get a PhD. PhDs in clinical psychology who receive their license (through additional training and internships) are qualified to counsel patients, but so are social workers (LMSWs), psychiatrists (MDs), and many other types of professionals. I’d recommend the PhD for someone who wants to counsel patients but is also interested in conducting and consuming research on mental health and treatment.

You can also use a PhD in psychology in a number of non-academic fields. I work in a blended role where I conduct and apply research on motivation and behavior change to health technology. Other psychologists I know work in market research and consumer insights, human resources data analytics, product development, and strategy consulting. A PhD in psychology typically comes with strong research design and analysis skills that can be creatively applied in a number of fields, although you may need to do some work to help others see that connection.

You are comfortable with intellectual uncertainty.  The more you know, the more you become aware of all you don’t know. A doctoral education is a fast way to figure out all of the many, many gaps in your knowledge. Being successful in graduate school requires getting comfortable with the idea that you will never know everything, that there is rarely an easy black-or-white answer to questions, and that your hardest work may not be in acquiring knowledge, but in sorting through it and organizing it. If you’re the type of person who loves puzzling through huge volumes of sometimes contradictory information, you will enjoy grad school more than someone who prefers just enough information to make a basically correct conclusion.

You love learning and sharing what you’ve learned.   This is a corollary to being comfortable with shades of gray. A colleague of mine once told me he can recognize people who have PhDs by their outlook when presented with a problem. He said, they’re the ones who will dive into researching and reading and figuring out the problem and want to discuss it and think about it.

You have a big but resilient ego.  On the one hand, it’s hard to make it through grad school if you don’t believe in your own intellectual abilities. It’s especially important to have a healthy ego because grad school also consists of being constantly beaten down. That sounds fun, doesn’t it? But in all seriousness, the volume of work required, the depth of feedback given, and the level of competition encountered in grad school all wear down on you over time. Add to that the many rejections and set-backs that everyone encounters during grad school, including paper and conference rejections, grades or exam scores below goal, and funding crises, and it takes a resilient soul to make it through. And it takes a big ego to keep submitting the next paper, exam, or grant application after the last rejection.

This is not to imply that grad school will not also make you more resilient. It will. You will learn a lot of strategies for coping with tough days and nights, and you’ll find enduring friendship in the trenches.

Some cautions . . .

If you want to be rich, a PhD is not a quick win.  You can definitely make a very nice living with a psychology PhD, in several different types of jobs. But grad school is expensive–even if you have a stipend to cover your costs, you will not be earning enough money to save, and you may additionally be acquiring loans. Because grad school living is so lean, I am glad I went right after my undergraduate, while I was still used to having no money (although I have friends who worked between undergrad and grad school and were glad to have some savings).

Many PhD programs include a master’s degree as part of their curriculum. I’ve met people who pursued a master’s degree as a way to test the waters for a PhD program. In general, I recommend against this. Many, if not all, PhD programs in psychology include a master’s degree as the conclusion of the first few years of coursework, and I’ve never heard of a program that lets someone skip those first few years based on a prior master’s. The people I know who tested the PhD waters by getting a master’s are now people with two master’s.

PhD programs take a while.  My grad school program, like many psychology PhD programs, was approximately five years long and included two years of coursework toward the master’s along with ongoing research requirements and at least four semesters of undergraduate teaching. Students pursuing a clinical license also have to do an internship on top of these other requirements.

People will be weird to you if you get a PhD in psychology.  First, if you get any PhD, some people will want to comment on your intelligence level (at least they assume it’s high!), which I find awkward. Second, if your PhD is in psychology, prepare for comments like:

• “Do you know what I’m thinking right now?” (Answer: No, that’s psychic, not psychologist.)
• “Are you psychoanalyzing me right now?” (Answer: No, I’m not that type of psychologist, but even if I were, I wouldn’t be doing my job for fun right now.)
• “So you must know everything that’s wrong with me.” (Response: Well, I know you don’t really know what a psychologist does.)

Joking aside, I think the PhD can intimidate people at times, so be prepared for those reactions and ready to either use them to your advantage or alleviate them with humor and humility.

It’s up to you.

Like I said, I can’t tell anyone whether a PhD in psychology is right for them. The decision has to be one you own. Grad school is hard and long, but also filled with many adventures and pockets of joy. I am so glad that I went and earned my PhD. I wouldn’t have my career and the opportunities it provides if I hadn’t, and I would never have met many of the people who are the most important in my life. If you want to take on this onerous journey, you have to really want it; but if you do, I promise you’ll have some good times on the way.

Related posts:

• How to Describe What I Know: The Appeal (and Frustration) of Psychology
• Careers in Psychology: To Counsel or Not?
• Career Options Outside Academia for Psychology PhDs
• Walking Away from Academia with a PhD in Psychology

4 thoughts on “ Should I Get a PhD in Psychology? ”

I’m in my last year of my undergrad in psych. In 27 and have 2 kids. I want to pursue a degree where I can do what I enjoy, and make money. I’m worried about another 7 years in school for a PhD and was told there isn’t much for me with a masters in clinical psychology. I had looked into LCSW, but was not sure if I would be content selling short my dream/goal. Can I counsel, and still do research with a masters? Or am I better with an LCSW?

Admittedly, clinical practice is not my area of expertise. However, I do know people who have counseled with an MA and I also know several people with LCSWs. Both seem like good options if you’re interested in the clinical piece.

I’m not sure about the research part–I’d imagine that depends on where you end up working as a counselor. In a university or health system setting, it seems to me that should be possible. The PhD does make research more feasible as it sets you up to run a lab (assuming you go into academia or a research-focused company).

I was very influenced by the idea that even if something takes a long time, that time will still pass and at the end of it you could have done the thing or not. There have been a few times it’s helped me make choices that seem like they take a lot of time and commitment.

I’m interested in what you decide! I am sure you will find a way to do what makes you happy while making money.

Hi Amy! Thank you so much for your posts. I’ve been STRUGGLING with the decision of whether or not to apply to graduate school for a PhD in Social Psychology. To be frank, I don’t feel qualified to apply and I’m unsure if my reasons for wanting to go to graduate school are good ones. I’m no longer an undergrad student so opportunities to work in a lab has been impossible without at least a Master’s.

A little bit about me: I graduated from undergrad in 2015. I did work as a research assistant for a couple of months, but I mainly invested my time working full-time to pay for school. I liked working in a lab but it was in Human Development & Nutrition, so I often found myself watching the dynamics and social interactions between the family members rather than watching what I was tasked to focus on (whoops). I graduated with decent grades (3.75) with two majors (Communication & Psychology) and a minor (Latin – I love languages). I have a lot of supervising and training work experience from my job, and I would like to continue working in a training/educational capacity (so not really interested in being in academia).

The reason I want to study Social Psychology at the Doctoral level is because I have SO many questions on topics like resilience & life stories. As a trainer & supervisor, I would witness people crumble and thrive in the face of obstacles and (as a person who has the tendency to crumble) I would wonder: “What do resilient people do differently? How can the way we view our life stories change how resilient we are in the face of life challenges? What about in the context of training for a new position? How can programs be created to take into account differing personalities and stories?” Another reason is because I’ve read so many personal development books but I couldn’t help but think: “This is nice but show me the research behind it. I want to see it tested and understand why it works.” Not really sure if those are good enough reasons to apply.

Overall, I want to be able to take research on resilience and make it more applicable and accessible. I want to create workshops & train people on resilience & life stories (possibly do something similar to life coaching), but I’m not sure if that’s a good enough reason to apply or if I should probably go about it through another route.

I apologize for the long comment, but you’re website has been the only helpful website I have found on this topic!

Thank you for the kind comments!

As for applying–it can’t hurt to look at a few programs and see if you can’t find one that feels like a good fit. Having served on the admissions committee while in grad school (we were all required to give a year in service), I can tell you that your passion and curiosity will matter. Maybe you can find a few names of professors or grad students at schools that interest you working on resilience and grit and reach out to them for an informational interview (you may have better luck with grad students).

The other thing you could try to do is find a non-academic research job that lets you explore your questions. Agencies are a good place to look. Many big companies are also bringing behavior change teams in-house.

I’d love to know what you end up doing!

Comments are closed.

Psy.D. Vs. Ph.D.: Which Is The Right Fit For You?

Updated: Jan 2, 2024, 3:22pm

Committing to a Ph.D. or a Psy.D. program can have a significant impact on your career path. Both will prepare you for a career in psychology , but there are significant differences between the two programs you should know about. In general, a Ph.D. in psychology focuses more on research and a Psy.D. focuses on practical application.

While both programs can lead to becoming a licensed psychologist , taking a closer look at what each degree track will provide will help you determine whether a Ph.D. or Psy.D. is best for you.

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What Is a Ph.D. in Psychology?

A Ph.D. in psychology, or a Doctor of Philosophy in psychology, is a doctoral degree that primarily focuses on training students in scientific research. Compared to a Psy.D, the Ph.D. is more common and can be found at many public and private universities.

Students in a Ph.D. in psychology program can expect to obtain and build on the knowledge and skills within general psychology or in a concentration. The American Psychological Association (APA) has an extensive list of subfields that range from clinical psychology to climate and environmental psychology.

Benefits of a Ph.D. in Psychology

A significant benefit of a Ph.D. in psychology is that it offers more financial aid options. Many programs offer scholarships, teaching assistantships or even full or partial tuition remission to cover expenses. Some programs also have research grants and fellowships that are sponsored by government agencies and private companies that you can apply for and become part of a research team.

Another benefit is that some programs offer training in both applied practice and in research, rather than focusing heavily on application as a Psy.D. program would. Having dual training may provide you more opportunities on the job market.

What Is a Psy.D.?

A Psy.D., or a Doctor of Psychology, is also a doctoral degree that focuses on application. A Psy.D. program prepares students to provide services for patients and clients, rather than a focus on research.

Unlike a Ph.D., Psy.D. programs are often found in professional schools of psychology that may be university-based, free-standing or in medical or health and science institutions.

Benefits of a Psy.D.

While a Psy.D. may not have the same financial benefits of a Ph.D. program, a Psy.D. will give you more experience with patients earlier in your program. Candidates will often begin coursework and clinical training in the first year of their program.

A Psy.D. program, such as one for aspiring clinical psychologists , features an intensive focus on client-focused skills. Courses can include supervision and consultation, treatment and assessment and other classes that will cover disorders.

In some Psy.D. programs, you may be expected to complete a doctoral-level research project instead of a dissertation.

What to Consider When Choosing a Program

The first consideration you should make when choosing a program is the kind of work you want to pursue post-graduation. Do you want to do research or teach? Do you want to provide services to clients and patients?

Here are some considerations you should make when making the big decision.

Look at Time Spent in School

Both Ph.D. and Psy.D. programs require a heavy investment of your time in school. Programs often require applicants to have an undergraduate and master’s degree. However, some programs have combined master’s and doctorate degrees, reducing years of education and allowing students to enter the workforce sooner.

Students can expect to spend five years in school before obtaining a degree, with four years of coursework and one year of internship. Many candidates, however, take between five to seven years to graduate.

Find Your Focus

Your academic focus and concentration choice may sway your decision in applying for one doctoral degree over the other.

Concentrations in a Psy.D program are typically in clinical, counseling, school or industrial-organizational psychology . In contrast, the options of subfields within a Ph.D. program are more broad and focus heavily on research and experimentation to build knowledge within a discipline.

Consider Your Career Path

Considering your career path or interests will help you decide whether a Ph.D. or Psy.D. is right for you. While the most familiar psychology careers are commonly found in education and healthcare, psychologists are needed in other industries, such as business and technology. These in-demand specialties contribute to high psychologist salaries .

Accreditation

Accreditation of your Ph.D. or Psy.D. program ensures that your program is recognized by the governing bodies for licensure. While completing an accredited program will not guarantee you employment or licensure, it will equip you with necessary skills and knowledge.

The APA has a tool to help students find accredited doctoral programs, as well as internships and postdoctoral residencies across the country.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What can you do with psy.d..

A Psy.D. focuses on working directly with patients to provide psychological services. For example, a clinical Psy.D. will prepare students to provide mental and behavioral healthcare to individuals and families across all demographics and over individuals’ lifespans.

Which psychology field is most in-demand?

The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics projects strong job growth for psychologists from 2022 to 2032, with a 6% increase overall. Clinical and counseling psychologists will see the highest demand, with an expected growth rate of 11%, followed by industrial-organizational psychologists at 6%.

How long does it take to earn a Ph.D. in psychology?

Many Ph.D. programs project a five year completion time. However, many students can take upwards of seven years.

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Brandon Galarita is a freelance writer and K-12 educator in Honolulu, Hawaii. He is passionate about technology in education, college and career readiness and school improvement through data-driven practices.

Is Pursuing a Psychology PhD Worth It? Pros and Cons

Are you considering pursuing a Psychology PhD but unsure if it’s worth the time and effort? In this article, we will explore the pros and cons of pursuing a Psychology PhD to help you make an informed decision. From higher salary potential and greater job opportunities to the challenges of time commitment and competition, we will cover all aspects to help you evaluate if a Psychology PhD is the right path for you.

• Pursuing a Psychology PhD offers potential for higher salary and job opportunities, as well as advanced knowledge and personal growth.
• However, it requires a significant time and financial commitment, competitive admissions process, and potential for stress and burnout.
• When considering a Psychology PhD, evaluate your career goals, financial situation, personal interests and strengths, and research potential programs and talk to current students for a better understanding of the program.
• 1 What Is a Psychology PhD?
• 2 What Are the Requirements for a Psychology PhD?
• 3.1 Higher Salary Potential
• 3.2 Greater Job Opportunities
• 3.3 Advanced Knowledge and Skills
• 3.4 Personal Growth and Fulfillment
• 4.1 Time and Financial Commitment
• 4.2 Competitive Admissions Process
• 4.3 Stress and Burnout
• 4.4 Limited Job Opportunities in Academia
• 5.1 Consider Your Career Goals
• 5.2 Evaluate Your Financial Situation
• 5.3 Think About Your Personal Interests and Strengths
• 5.4 Research Potential Programs and Talk to Current Students
• 6.1 1. Is pursuing a Psychology PhD worth it?
• 6.2 2. What are the pros of pursuing a Psychology PhD?
• 6.3 3. Are there any cons to pursuing a Psychology PhD?
• 6.4 4. What career opportunities are available with a Psychology PhD?
• 6.5 5. Is it necessary to have a Psychology PhD to work in the field?
• 6.6 6. What factors should I consider before pursuing a Psychology PhD?

What Is a Psychology PhD?

A Psychology Ph.D. is the highest academic degree in the field of psychology, requiring in-depth research, advanced coursework, and a dissertation showcasing original contributions to the field.

Obtaining a Psychology Ph.D. signals a solid grounding in both theoretical foundations and applied methodologies, emphasizing critical thinking and independent research skills. Students delve deep into diverse areas such as cognitive, developmental, and social psychology.

The program fosters a strong analytical mindset and encourages students to contribute meaningfully to the ever-evolving landscape of psychological research. Graduates not only acquire specialized knowledge but also gain expertise in designing and conducting experiments, analyzing data, and interpreting findings accurately.

What Are the Requirements for a Psychology PhD?

The requirements for a Psychology Ph.D. typically include a master’s degree, research experience, letters of recommendation, statement of purpose, and standardized test scores, varying by university and program.

Generally, universities look for candidates with a strong academic background in psychology or a related field to pursue a Ph.D. in Psychology. A solid foundation in research methodologies is crucial, as doctoral programs emphasize hands-on research experiences. Strong critical thinking skills are essential for analyzing complex psychological theories and designing research studies.

Applicants are often required to submit academic transcripts, GRE scores, and a detailed CV outlining their relevant experiences. Admissions committees also value diversity in research interests and perspectives among candidates applying for these programs.

What Are the Pros of Pursuing a Psychology PhD?

Pursuing a Psychology Ph.D. offers numerous benefits, including expanded career opportunities, the ability to impact mental health and social change, and the development of strong leadership skills in the field. Is Pursuing a Psychology PhD Worth It? Pros and Cons

One of the key advantages of pursuing a Psychology Ph.D. is the wide array of career paths it opens up. Whether you choose to work in clinical psychology, academic research, counseling, or organizational psychology, a Ph.D. in Psychology equips you with the expertise to make a meaningful difference in the lives of individuals and communities. This advanced degree allows you to delve deeper into specialized areas such as neuropsychology or health psychology , enhancing your ability to address complex mental health issues.

Higher Salary Potential

One of the pros of earning a Psychology Ph.D. is the potential for higher salary levels compared to individuals with lower academic qualifications, aligning with long-term career goals and professional aspirations.

Individuals who hold a Psychology Ph.D. often have the opportunity to secure positions with higher responsibilities, which can lead to increased income potential over time. The advanced knowledge and specialized skills gained through a Ph.D. program not only set graduates apart in the job market but also make them more attractive to potential employers seeking top talent.

This level of expertise can open doors to lucrative positions in various sectors, including research institutions, private practice, academia, and corporate settings, creating a pathway to professional advancement and financial stability.

Greater Job Opportunities

Earning a Psychology Ph.D. opens doors to diverse job opportunities, including roles in clinical psychology, neuropsychology, and research, providing a range of career paths for graduates to explore.

Clinical psychology offers the chance to work directly with patients, providing therapy, diagnostics, and counseling. Neuropsychologists focus on the relationship between the brain and behavior, often aiding in clinical assessments and interventions. Research positions involve conducting experiments, analyzing data, publishing findings, and contributing to the field’s knowledge base.

Whether in private practice, hospitals, research institutions, or academic settings, Psychology Ph.D. holders have the flexibility to specialize in areas such as child psychology, health psychology, cognitive psychology, or forensic psychology, tailoring their career paths to their interests and passions.

Advanced Knowledge and Skills

A Psychology Ph.D. equips individuals with advanced knowledge and specialized skills, preparing them for roles such as environmental psychologists that require a deep understanding of human behavior and exceptional communication skills.

Individuals pursuing a Psychology Ph.D. delve into various specialized areas, including environmental psychology, which explores the intricate relationship between people and their surroundings. Through rigorous coursework and research, doctoral students develop critical thinking abilities to analyze complex behavioral patterns.

Effective communication skills are paramount in the field, enabling professionals to interact sensitively with clients and convey findings clearly to diverse audiences. These professionals often collaborate with urban planners, architects, and policymakers to design spaces that positively impact human well-being.

Personal Growth and Fulfillment

Beyond career benefits, pursuing a Psychology Ph.D. facilitates personal growth and fulfillment, enabling individuals to make a difference in areas like drug addiction research or pursue writing opportunities that align with their passions.

Embarking on the journey to achieve a Psychology Ph.D. involves delving deep into the complexities of the human mind, fostering critical thinking skills, and developing a profound understanding of behavior. As individuals immerse themselves in research and practical experiences, they not only expand their knowledge base but also refine their communication and analytical abilities.

The impactful nature of drug addiction research allows these doctoral candidates to contribute meaningfully to society, striving towards solutions and interventions that alleviate the burden of addiction. The multifaceted world of psychology offers a myriad of pathways, including the avenue of writing careers , where these experts can articulate their insights, publish groundbreaking findings, and inspire others through their words.

What Are the Cons of Pursuing a Psychology PhD?

Despite the numerous advantages, pursuing a Psychology Ph.D. comes with inherent challenges, including significant time and financial commitments, stress, and the risk of burnout due to the demanding nature of the program.

Time constraints play a crucial role in the pursuit of a Psychology Ph.D. program. The intensive coursework, research requirements, and clinical experience demand a substantial amount of time, often leading students to juggle multiple responsibilities.

This continuous pressure of managing academic responsibilities alongside personal life can result in immense stress. The financial burdens associated with pursuing a Ph.D. in Psychology cannot be overlooked, from tuition fees to living expenses and research costs. This financial strain can add to the overall stress levels, contributing to the potential risk of burnout among students.

Time and Financial Commitment

One of the primary cons of a Psychology Ph.D. is the significant time and financial investment required, with many students facing challenges in balancing academic commitments and managing the associated costs without adequate financial aid.

When embarking on a Psychology Ph.D. journey, aspiring students need to reckon with the fact that this academic pursuit demands a substantial time commitment, typically spanning 4-7 years of intense study, research, and dissertation work. This extended timeline often translates into limited opportunities for part-time employment, requiring individuals to concentrate primarily on their academic responsibilities.

The financial implications of pursuing a Psychology Ph.D. can be daunting, with tuition fees, research expenses, and living costs mounting up over the years. Without proper financial aid, such as scholarships, assistantships, or grants, students may find themselves struggling to manage these expenses while dedicating themselves fully to their academic endeavors.

Competitive Admissions Process

Another downside of pursuing a Psychology Ph.D. is the highly competitive admissions process, with aspiring students facing intense competition for limited program spots in universities known for their rigorous selection criteria.

Admission into Psychology Ph.D. programs involves a multifaceted evaluation process where candidates must showcase a blend of academic excellence, research proficiency, relevant experience, and a compelling personal statement.

The competition is further intensified by the limited availability of faculty mentors in specialized fields, leading to a bottleneck effect where high-caliber applicants vie for mentorship opportunities.

Strong letters of recommendation, impactful research publications, and exceptional GRE scores are essential components that can tip the scales in favor of an applicant

Stress and Burnout

The stress and potential burnout experienced by Psychology Ph.D. students are significant concerns, with the demanding workload and pressure to excel often taking a toll on mental health and overall well-being.

This can lead to a range of mental health challenges, including anxiety, depression, and feelings of inadequacy among students striving for academic success.

Self-care practices such as regular exercise, mindfulness, and seeking support from peers or professionals play a crucial role in managing stress effectively.

Creating a healthy work-life balance, setting realistic goals, and practicing self-compassion are essential strategies to prevent burnout and maintain well-being throughout the rigorous journey of earning a Psychology Ph.D.

Limited Job Opportunities in Academia

While a Psychology Ph.D. opens doors to diverse career paths, job opportunities within academia are often limited, with fierce competition for faculty positions and research roles that can pose challenges for graduates seeking academic careers.

Many aspiring psychologists pursue doctoral degrees with the hope of contributing to cutting-edge research and shaping the minds of future generations through teaching. The reality of the academic job market is a complex landscape, with universities often receiving hundreds of applications for a single faculty position.

Networking plays a pivotal role in this environment, as established academia professionals often have insider advantages when it comes to securing coveted roles. This reality can be daunting for fresh graduates, who must navigate through the intricacies of publishing in reputable journals, demonstrating grant-writing abilities, and establishing a strong professional reputation to stand out among their peers.

Is a Psychology PhD Worth It in the Long Run?

Determining if a Psychology Ph.D. is worth pursuing in the long run requires careful consideration of one’s career goals, financial circumstances, personal interests, and alignment with future aspirations.

When contemplating the pursuit of a Psychology Ph.D., individuals must evaluate the potential impact on their professional trajectory. Advanced degrees offer specialized knowledge and skills that can enhance job prospects and open doors to higher-paying positions. This must be weighed against the considerable investment in time and money required to complete the program.

It is essential to introspect on whether a Ph.D. aligns with personal passions and long-term objectives. Passion-driven careers tend to foster fulfillment and satisfaction, making the journey towards a Psychology Ph.D. more meaningful.

Consider Your Career Goals

When evaluating the value of a Psychology Ph.D., it’s essential to align the decision with your career goals and aspirations, considering the potential pathways in fields like clinical psychology that may require advanced degrees for certain roles.

One of the key aspects to contemplate is the range of career options that become available with a Psychology Ph.D., such as research positions, academia, counseling roles, and organizational psychology. In addition, pursuing a Ph.D. in Psychology equips individuals with advanced research skills, critical thinking abilities, and the capacity to analyze complex human behaviors and emotions.

Evaluate Your Financial Situation

Considering the financial implications of a Psychology Ph.D. is crucial, requiring a thorough evaluation of your investment in the program, available financial aid options, and long-term financial planning to ensure sustainability.

Embarking on a Psychology Ph.D. journey involves not just academic dedication but also a strategic approach towards managing the financial aspects effectively. Financial planning plays a pivotal role in alleviating the burden of tuition fees, research costs, and living expenses. It is essential to create a comprehensive budget that includes all potential expenses and explores ways to minimize them. In addition, exploring opportunities for scholarships, assistantships, grants, and fellowships can significantly reduce the overall cost of pursuing a Ph.D. in Psychology.

Think About Your Personal Interests and Strengths

Reflecting on your personal interests and strengths is essential when considering a Psychology Ph.D., as it allows you to align your academic pursuits with areas like writing or communication skills that resonate with your passions and talents .

Understanding what truly sparks your curiosity and ignites your enthusiasm can profoundly impact your journey towards a Psychology Ph.D. By diving into subjects that genuinely captivate you, you can cultivate a deeper understanding and connection with the material, making the learning process more engaging and rewarding. Recognizing and harnessing your innate skills in critical analysis, research, and empathy are crucial elements that can set you on a path towards success in the field of psychology.

Research Potential Programs and Talk to Current Students

Conducting thorough research on potential Psychology Ph.D. programs and engaging with current graduate students can provide valuable insights into the program structure, faculty expertise, and overall experience, aiding in well-considered choices.

When evaluating different programs, it is crucial to delve into the curriculum details, research opportunities, funding options, and the potential for mentorship in each institution.

Speaking to current students can offer a real-world perspective on the academic rigour, faculty support, work-life balance, and opportunities for professional growth within the program.

Utilizing online forums, virtual campus visits, informational interviews, and attending open house events can also offer a glimpse into the program’s culture, resources, and community dynamics.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. is pursuing a psychology phd worth it.

Yes, pursuing a Psychology PhD can be very rewarding both personally and professionally. It allows you to expand your knowledge and skills in the field and opens up various career opportunities.

2. What are the pros of pursuing a Psychology PhD?

Some pros of pursuing a Psychology PhD include gaining in-depth knowledge and expertise in the field, developing critical thinking and research skills, and having the opportunity to contribute to the advancement of the field through research.

3. Are there any cons to pursuing a Psychology PhD?

While pursuing a Psychology PhD can have many benefits, some potential cons include the time and financial commitment required, as well as the competitive nature of the job market for those with advanced degrees.

4. What career opportunities are available with a Psychology PhD?

With a Psychology PhD, you can pursue a variety of careers such as becoming a licensed psychologist, conducting research in academic or government settings, or working in fields like healthcare, education, or business.

5. Is it necessary to have a Psychology PhD to work in the field?

No, a Psychology PhD is not always necessary to work in the field. Many positions in psychology, such as counseling or therapy roles, may only require a master’s degree or even a bachelor’s degree. However, a PhD may be required for certain advanced research or teaching positions.

6. What factors should I consider before pursuing a Psychology PhD?

Some factors to consider include your personal interests and career goals, the reputation and resources of the program you are considering, the potential financial cost and time commitment, and the job market for psychologists in your desired area of specialization.

Vanessa Patel is an expert in positive psychology, dedicated to studying happiness, resilience, and the factors that contribute to a fulfilling life. Her writing explores techniques for enhancing well-being, overcoming adversity, and building positive relationships and communities. Vanessa’s articles are a resource for anyone looking to find more joy and meaning in their daily lives, backed by the latest research in the field.

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Doctorate in Psychology: Is It Worth It?

Are you thinking about earning a doctorate in psychology? Choosing to earn a Doctorate is a big commitment—and one that isn’t necessarily for everyone as it requires a significant amount of effort and time. According to a report from 2010, some students drop out for a variety of reasons—bad psychology program fit, lack of financial resources, experience time constraints, program difficulty and so on. As a prospective student considering if a doctorate program in psychology is right for you, take the following factors into account:

Advance your career

PhD in Psychology vs PsyD in Psychology

Before we begin to decide whether earning a Doctorate in Psychology is worth it, we must establish the difference between the two types of doctorate degrees for psychology; the PhD and the PsyD.

The PhD degree in Psychology is the more common degree path in psychology. A Psychology PhD degree is founded in research, so the main focus of your studies will be on developing research ideas, conducting experiments, and analyzing data. 

The PsyD program is an alternative degree that focuses on the clinical and applied aspects of psychology. PsyD study revolves around preparing students for providing professional psychological services. The coursework is directed at applying established standards of practice and evidence-based services.

Whether it be a doctorate or a master's, graduating from a psychology degree program will require a significant commitment of time. Program duration varies by university, the program itself, and also the type of degree you’re pursuing, but generally takes four to eight years. PsyD degree programs usually take less time than PhD programs. For example, the PsyD in Clinical Psychology program at the California School of Professional Psychology (CSPP) at Alliant International University can be completed in as few as four years, while the PhD program takes a minimum of five.

Time aside, earning a doctorate also requires a significant financial commitment. Education isn’t free, so any time you choose to pursue a degree, you’re incurring a cost. Fortunately, many PhD in Psychology programs offer a substantial amount of financial aid for their students. Financial assistance comes in many forms which include student loan programs, graduate teaching positions, tuition waivers, stipends, as well as grants for conducting research.

Even if the program you’re considering does offer a substantial amount of financial aid, it’s important to consider living expenses. Because of the intensity of a doctoral program in psychology, it’s not always possible for a graduate student to work outside of school. So even if the majority of your program costs are covered, you’ll likely be living the life of a full-time college student for the duration of your program.

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Understanding competition & class size.

Doctorate in Psychology programs tend to admit fewer students, which can be both a Pro and a Con. On the one hand, it means smaller class sizes and student-to-faculty ratio that allows for a more personalized learning environment with increased one-on-one guidance. On the other hand, this makes for a more selective and therefore more competitive admission process.

A competitive admissions process means it will likely be more difficult for you to get into the program of your choice. With narrower selections, it will be tempting to choose a school that may not fit your interests as well. But remember—it’s important to select a program that is right for your needs and career goals, whether it be securing a licensure or pursuing a career in a clinical practice. You can look into organizational psychology, school psychology, counseling psychology, behavioral neuroscience, and many other psychology degree programs. If you choose a school based on reputation, ranking, or financial package as your first priority, it’s likely you will end up in a program that doesn’t match your interests as well, which will make it harder to stick with and find satisfaction in your program.

Common Reasons to Pursue a Doctoral Degree in Psychology

Due to the significant time investment required to pursue a PsyD, individuals who enroll in such a program usually have well-defined career objectives and licensing goals. As a result, there are two primary motives for commencing a PsyD program.

• To become a licensed clinical psychologist - Psychologists must hold a doctoral degree in psychology as mandated by all 50 states. There are two educational routes available for prospective clinical psychologists: a PhD or a Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) degree. While both degree programs meet the licensure requirement, understand that there are substantial differences between them that should be taken into consideration.
• To become a practicing psychologist - Students who pursue a PsyD degree usually have a distinct professional objective of becoming a clinical psychologist. 

Career and Professional Goals

With any advanced degree, it’s important to consider what your future career prospects are, and how interested you are in those careers. If you want to earn a Psychology PhD for intellectual prestige and money, we recommend that a doctorate program probably isn’t right for you. Careers in professional psychology can be lucrative, but the upfront cost is often great. If you’re considering a doctorate because you generally “like to help people,” then a doctorate program probably isn’t right for you either. There are plenty of career opportunities available where you can help people without having to earn a doctorate. And if you’re not interested in a career that doesn’t require a doctoral degree, then a doctoral program definitely isn’t right for you. Earning a doctorate can sometimes over qualify you for positions, so it’s important to discipline yourself and know your career aspirations before committing to a program.

However, if you’re interested in conducting research to further the study of psychology, working in academia, or working as a licensed psychologist, a doctorate program is probably right for you.

The Payoff: Career Prospects and Salary

Time, cost, and commitment aside, for many students, a Doctorate in Psychology is the right choice for their career goals, and for those people, a doctorate pays off after graduation, especially with licensure. With a doctoral degree, you will qualify for a greater range of jobs than those who only hold a bachelor’s or master’s degree—and you’ll be better positioned when pursuing the job you really want, too.

With a Doctorate, a variety of career opportunities are available. Depending on the degree specialty you pursue, you may be able to work in organizations as a:

• Research psychologist
• University professor
• Director of community health programs
• Clinical psychologist
• Counseling psychologist
• Health psychologist
• Neuropsychologist
• Industrial/organizational psychologist

To learn more about the Doctorate in Psychology or other graduate programs available at the California School of Professional Psychology at Alliant,  contact an admissions counselor .

Sources: [ https://www.psychologydegree411.com/degrees/psyd/ ]

David Stewart

Dean, California School of Professional Psychology

David G. Stewart, PhD, ABPP, is a board-certified clinical child and adolescent psychologist and Dean of the California School of...

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Is a PhD in psychology worth it?

UQ people Published 5 Jan, 2023  ·  5-minute read

Psychological research is a fascinating field of study that can have a big impact on the way people think, feel and react. If you’re interested in a career in this field, you may be thinking about pursuing a PhD in psychology.

A PhD degree in psychology can help you hone your research skills, pinpoint the research area you’re passionate about and create a solid foundation for a fulfilling career in this industry.

We chatted to UQ PhD candidate Natalie Craig about her experiences studying a Doctor of Philosophy , what inspired her to choose a psychology research topic, and why a PhD in psychology is worth it, from her perspective.

Learn more about studying a PhD at UQ .

What can you research with a PhD in psychology?

There are seemingly endless avenues to explore when it comes to choosing a PhD topic with a focus on psychological research. As long as you can secure a PhD supervisor and funding, you can pursue your research passions in psychology with a Doctor of Philosophy.

You may wish to explore research topics in:

• cognitive neuroscience
• basic perceptual and cognitive processes
• higher cognitive processes (such as decision-making)
• human development
• social psychology
• organisational behaviour
• health psychology
• clinical psychology.

Natalie’s PhD topic focuses on trauma recovery research.

“My PhD topic is about understanding how our social relationships influence how we recover from trauma,” she says.

“My thesis is particularly focused on those who have survived natural disasters.”

Natalie recently won UQ’s School of Psychology Three Minute Thesis competition and is hoping to continue making waves with her research.

“The best possible outcome for my PhD is firstly to better understand how our social relationships influence recovery from trauma, so that we can use this information to begin adapting programs focused on harnessing and enhancing social connections after a traumatic event,” she says.

“Ideally, these programs could then be delivered in the wake of a traumatic event at scale, using the resources of the community.”

Many communities in Australia are still dealing with the tragic after-effects of natural disasters such as floods and bushfires, making Natalie’s research more important than ever. She's passionate about using it to create positive and lasting change.

“Overall, the ultimate goal of all of this is to help subvert people away from developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and instead move them towards post-traumatic growth.”  

This potential to make a real difference in people's lives is a huge motivator for many PhD candidates and a large part of what makes a PhD in psychology worth pursuing.

What is a Doctor of Philosophy in psychology? And how does it differ from a Doctor of Psychology?

When studying a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) with a topic focused on psychology, you’re undergoing in-depth, independent research in an area of your choosing for the duration of your program. A Doctor of Psychology , on the other hand, is a program for those whose interests lie largely in clinical psychology. It involves specialist placements and coursework as well as a research component.

Who can do a PhD in psychology?

Despite what many people may think, you don’t need to study psychology at an undergraduate level to pursue a PhD in the same area.

Natalie’s passion for psychology didn’t develop until her career in public relations was already in full swing.

After completing a Bachelor of Communications, Public Relations and Journalism in 2009, she undertook several communications and PR roles, progressing into management and working with high-profile brands. Despite her success, however, she felt as though something was missing in her day-to-day work.

“I became quite disillusioned with the public relations industry in that it didn’t feel like I was contributing towards something that was truly meaningful to me,” she explains.

Natalie is quick to point out that incredible work is done in PR by a range of very talented individuals, but for her, the sense of fulfilment wasn’t quite there.

“I felt that my skills, ability, and passion could be better used to help people improve their lives,” she says.

Natalie decided to pursue postgraduate education in psychology, completing 2 graduate diplomas before applying for her PhD at UQ. Her research topic was inspired by a natural curiosity.

“I’ve always been drawn towards understanding why people do what they do, and why some people seem to thrive after a traumatic event while others struggle to overcome their traumatic experience(s),” she says.

“Understanding what this mechanism is that puts people on a trajectory towards post-traumatic growth is what has led me to be where I am today, pursuing my particular research question.”

A personally fulfilling career trajectory and impactful research outcomes are not the only things Natalie hopes to get out of her PhD.

Overall, I think my PhD will benefit me in terms of developing confidence and competence across a variety of domains.

During her PhD studies, Natalie has improved her:

• research expertise and knowledge
• project-management skills
• public speaking
• collaboration skills.

“I’ve also enhanced my understanding of a variety of topics outside of my specific research question,” she says.

“In addition to this, I’ve met some really amazing people and have made some wonderful friendships and connections that I’m sure will remain in my life long after my PhD has ended.”

After her PhD, Natalie hopes to secure a postdoctoral position at UQ, so she can continue to build upon her current research.

“Ideally, I'd like to create interventions that focus on the principles of how our social relationships influence recovery from trauma,” she says.

"I also hope to do my Master of Clinical Psychology here at UQ, so I can work with a population of trauma survivors in a clinical and hands-on capacity (as well as in a research capacity).”

For Natalie, a psychology PhD has opened doors to a new career path where she can pursue her passion for research and find meaning in her work.

Why study your PhD in psychology at UQ?

So, what’s unique about studying your PhD degree in psychology at UQ?

“I chose UQ because it has one of the best schools of psychology in the country and also has a solid standing globally,” says Natalie.

“The School of Psychology here at UQ is a large one with a lot of resources and therefore a lot of capacity for support and opportunity, both as a HDR student and also in terms of future career prospects.”

Ready to follow your passion for research with a PhD in psychology?

Learn more about studying a PhD at UQ

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How Long Does It Take to Get a PhD in Psychology?

Ariel Skelley/Getty Images 

• How Long Will It Take?

Before You Earn PhD in Psychology

Which type of degree should you get, can you finish your degree early.

Just how long does it take to get a PhD in psychology? The answer can vary depending on your program, educational background, and academic schedule. In general, most PhD psychology programs take anywhere from five to seven years to complete.

Learning more about what it takes to get a doctorate in psychology can help you better plan your educational and career journey.

At a Glance

Getting a PhD in psychology can take several years of graduate study. If you are thinking about becoming a psychologist, research your degree options to figure out what type of degree you need and how long it will take to enter your chosen profession. No matter what you decide, plan to spend anywhere from three to seven years in graduate school to earn a doctorate.

How Long Will It Take to Get a Doctorate Degree?

How long it takes to get a doctorate in psychology depends on various factors, including the type of degree you have selected, your educational background, and the individual doctorate program in which you have enrolled.

Most doctorate programs in psychology take between four to seven years to complete.

PhD in Psychology

Most PhD programs require at least five to seven years to complete. These programs often follow a scientist-practitioner model that trains professionals both in research and clinical practice.

In addition to regular coursework, you may also be expected to complete an internship or supervised residency. The program usually culminates in completing an original research project or dissertation.

PsyD Degree

Most PsyD programs require between four to six years to complete. A PsyD is a degree designed to train professionals to apply psychological knowledge to treating and helping people in real-world settings.

According to the American Psychological Association, PsyD programs focus more on applying psychological science, usually in the form of service.  

Most EdD programs require between three to five years to complete. EdD programs are often focused on psychology, counseling, or counselor education. They explore topics that involve both education and psychology.

It is important to note that many applicants to EdD programs already hold a master's degree in a related field. This differs from applicants to PhD and PsyD programs, who often begin their program of study with a bachelor's degree.

Before you begin your academic journey, it is a good idea to look at just how long it will take you to complete your degree. The amount of time it will take can depend upon various factors, including:

• Your chosen specialty area
• The program you select
• The course load you can take each semester

A doctorate-level degree in psychology is required to work in many job areas, including as a licensed clinical psychologist or counseling psychologist. According to the American Psychological Association, a doctorate degree is also often required in fields such as school psychology or health psychology .

So how long does it take to get a PhD in Psychology ? First, it is essential to realize that the degree requirements can vary depending on the field that you decide to pursue. A PhD, or Doctor of Philosophy degree is not necessarily your only option. In some cases, you might want also to consider the PsyD (Doctor of Psychology) or the EdD (Doctor of Education) degree options.

The PhD, PsyD, and EdD are all great options, but don't let how long it takes to complete be the primary deciding factor. Before you decide to get a doctorate degree, start by deciding which type of degree is most suited to your professional goals.

If you want to conduct research:

A PhD in Psychology tends to focus on a research-based model of education. People with a PhD in Psychology are qualified for a wide range of teaching, research, and clinical positions in colleges, universities, hospitals, government offices, and private mental health practices.

If you want to treat mental health issues:

The PsyD degree option generally focuses on a practitioner-based model of education. Individuals with a PsyD degree can also teach or conduct psychology research, but they frequently work in applied settings to provide direct mental health services.

If you want to apply psychology to help students:

Finally, there is also a third doctorate option that you might also want to consider depending on your career goals. If you are interested in working as a school psychologist or in a related educational field, the EdD, or Doctor of Education, is a possible option.

Despite the years of work, earning your PhD, PsyD, or EdD can be well worth the effort. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics suggests that workers with a doctoral or education specialist degree in clinical, counseling, and school psychology will find the strongest job opportunities.

Generally, if you have a strong background in psychology and have completed all of the necessary prerequisites, you can finish your doctorate sooner than students who have not taken the prerequisite courses.

Carefully planning your degree can also help ensure you complete the program requirements quickly.

Be sure you have a clear idea of what you want to do with your psychology degree once you've completed it. Do you want to teach, or is research more appealing to you? Are you interested in seeing clients, or are you planning to combine your training in psychology with another field, such as law or medicine?

If you need help deciding, make an important with an academic advisor at your school. They can help you explore your options and answer any questions you may have.

What This Means For You

No matter the degree you decide to pursue, earning a doctorate in psychology requires a significant investment of time, money, and effort. Because of this, it is essential to carefully consider your goals before deciding on a graduate program. You should also think about whether you need a doctorate or if a master's might be more appropriate.

Gee DG, DeYoung KA, McLaughlin KA, et al. Training the next generation of clinical psychological scientists: A data-driven call to action .  Annu Rev Clin Psychol . 2022;18:43-70. doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-092500

Loyola University. Can I get my Psy.D. without a Master's in Psychology?

American Psychological Association. Doctoral degrees in psychology: How are they different, or not so different ?

Franklin University. Is getting a Doctorate in Education worth it?

American Psychological Association. Frequently asked questions about graduate school .

Bureau of Labor Statistics. Psychologists . Occupational Outlook Handbook .

Carr, A. Clinical Psychology: An Introduction . London: Routledge; 2012.

Kuther, TL. The Psychology Major's Handbook . Boston, MA: Cengage Learning; 2016.

By Kendra Cherry, MSEd Kendra Cherry, MS, is a psychosocial rehabilitation specialist, psychology educator, and author of the "Everything Psychology Book."

• Jul 22, 2022
• 11 min read

Is a PhD Worth It? The Pros and Cons of Getting a Doctorate

To get a PhD or not to get a PhD? That is the question.

Valerie David

Lifestyle and Career Expert

Reviewed by Hayley Ramsey

Entering the job market for the first time can be a stressful experience, especially if you don't feel completely prepared. When deciding how to take those first steps toward your ultimate career , and how to give yourself a chance at the best jobs, you may find yourself asking: “Should I do a PhD?”.

While academics looking forward to a life of learning may consider this a no-brainer, there are important factors for everyone to consider. Finances, job prospects and quality of life issues can greatly affect the success of furthering your education.

To help you decide if the time and effort of a PhD is worth it, here are the major benefits and disadvantages of getting that doctorate.

After four or more years of intellectual pursuits, adding a PhD may seem like overkill. Before you make your choice, let's look at all the benefits that are exclusive to earning the most advanced degree.

1. You can contribute new knowledge to the world

Embarking on a PhD programme means delving into your preferred subject in a much deeper way than you have in any of your previous studies. The beauty of this advanced degree is that it allows you to sail in uncharted waters. Your goal is to find new information, draw new conclusions and, hopefully, make a significant contribution to your field.

Your intensive research, travel, collaboration and study will lead you on an unpredictable path to telling a story that no one has heard before. For some students, this pursuit of knowledge and discovery is enough to make all the hard work of earning a PhD worth it.

2. You'll have access to more prestigious jobs

One of the key benefits of a PhD is that it opens doors to careers at the highest levels. This can include leadership positions in science and engineering, government roles in economics and political science, and prestigious teaching posts for English and arts majors. Even if an advanced degree isn't required for the job you want, that PhD can give you an extra air of authority in your field and an edge over other candidates.

Another obvious upside to continuing your postgraduate studies is that landing these powerful positions can lead to large financial rewards. Some areas of study, like medicine and the law, tend to be more lucrative, but it can also depend on the type of job. For example, a university professor or researcher post can pay well for a wide variety of disciplines. Check out sites like the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the National Careers Service to investigate potential salaries.

3. Employers look for candidates with your superior writing skills

A study arranged by the National Commission on Writing discovered that blue-chip businesses (long-standing companies with stable stock growth) are spending more than $3 billion a year on remedial writing course for current employees. This includes staff with undergraduate degrees.

So, when a hiring manager peruses your résumé and sees that you've earned a PhD, they'll know immediately that you've spent years honing your skills at compiling research, organizing mountains of data and writing about your results in a cohesive and persuasive way. This will clearly set you apart from your competition, while landing your dream job will prove that pursuing that advanced degree was worth it.

4. You'll improve on all your soft skills

While pursuing your undergraduate degree, you likely noticed that you were learning more than just the subject matter taught in each class. Completing your studies also required time management skills , focus and problem solving .

Getting a doctorate degree requires even more of the soft skills that employers look for in applicants . Your intensive study and finished thesis should lead to improvements in your problem solving, critical thinking , patience and adaptability . These desirable skills won't just help you land a job but also excel in whatever career you choose to pursue .

5. You'll collect an extensive network of professional colleagues

When weighing the pros and cons of earning a PhD, consider all the professional contacts you'll make during the course of your studies. Working closely with professors, department heads, experts in your field, as well as fellow researchers, helps you develop an important resource. This network of colleagues can provide continual assistance with references, job leads, career advice and collaboration.

6. You can wait for a more favorable job market

Job prospects may not look that promising when you've completed your undergraduate degree, or even after you've been in the workforce for a few years. While there's no guarantee things will improve after a delay, some students may appreciate the benefit of a steady graduate assistant salary while they work on enhancing their résumé with a doctorate.

If you couldn't get a good internship during or after your undergrad studies, the PhD work also gives you the time to build that professional network . These contacts could prove to be the key to breaking into a specialized or highly competitive field.

You may still be thinking about all that time and commitment and wondering, “Is a PhD worth it?”. While there are always positive results from improving your education, there are some downsides to getting your doctorate.

1. It's expensive

This is a substantial factor for many students when weighing the merits of pursuing a PhD versus entering the job market right away. If you already have student loans , continuing your education will just increase your burden and add substantial pressure when you eventually begin your job search.

If cost is a concern, investigate graduate assistant jobs that help with expenses. Some programmes offer tuition assistance in return for teaching or research work. For those who already work full time and are hoping a PhD will help them advance in their career, consider keeping that job and pursuing your studies on a part-time basis.

2. Getting a PhD can be a lonely experience

Despite your interactions with professors and other students, pursuing a doctoral degree is ultimately a solitary pursuit. Your thesis topic is unique to you, and you'll spend a lot of time alone doing research and writing. Your social life can suffer, especially if you're also working in addition to your studies.

Career experts often talk about the necessity of work-life balance for physical and mental health, and this is just as important for PhD students as anyone else. It may take you a little longer to complete your degree, but it's worth taking the time to visit family and hang out with your friends. These positive interactions can help you stay motivated through the most tedious parts of your work.

3. You'll experience extreme stress and frustration

Pursuing a PhD may seem like a noble and interesting endeavor, and extended life as a student can appear more attractive than wading into the job market. You must be aware, however, that getting a doctorate can be a very stressful and frustrating experience.

A topic that seemed intriguing at first may not live up to years of scrutiny, causing boredom at best or requiring a complete thesis change at worst. Not all programmes are well-run, either, and you may have a supervisor who is too critical, offers poor advice or is just unavailable and unhelpful.

The difficulties of a PhD programme lead to rather substantial dropout rates. In the US alone, only 57% of PhD students obtained their degree within a decade of enrolling. If you want to be in the successful half of those stats, take extra time to review your choice of supervisor and topic focus. Ask every professor you have for advice on making the right decisions and talk with current graduate students to see what their experience has been.

4. There may be limited job openings

While getting a PhD can qualify you for better and higher-paying jobs , it can also put you in a position where you're competing for an extremely limited number of job openings. This is especially true of university jobs, where the number of advanced degree graduates far outpaces the need for full-time instructors, researchers and administrators.

Earning your PhD with a very obscure thesis in a niche speciality can also limit your options. When there are only a handful of jobs that suit your expertise, and they're already occupied, it can make you feel that your doctorate was a waste of time. Consider the job market before you make decisions about getting another degree. If you're determined to study in a niche area, think ahead of time about related fields or industries where your knowledge and skills will also prove useful to employers.

5. There may be little to no financial reward

While most studies concur that having a PhD increases your income potential substantially over the lifetime of your career, it's not a guarantee of job security or a financial windfall. A study by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) found that 5 years after earning their doctorates , 45% of grads in Germany were still on temporary contracts and 13% ended up in lowly occupations.

Other European countries, including Slovakia, Belgium and Spain, had similar results. In the US, in fields like engineering, the difference in pay scales between employees with a master's degree and a PhD was a mere 7%. When that small bump in salary is weighed against the amount of debt taken on in order to get your degree, you may decide it's not worth it.

6. You could lose out on valuable job experience

New forms of technology continue to change how organizations operate, and those changes can happen fast. If you've already spent several years in school, toiling away in solitary study of obscure subjects can cause you to fall further behind in learning the skills you'll actually need for a future career.

Before you invest in getting a PhD, research your chosen field and learn which type of degree will give you the most value. Many scientific, financial and computing careers rely more on skills acquired on the job, rather than in coursework that can quickly become outdated.

Questions to ask yourself

You’ve listed out the pros and cons, but that still may not be enough to help make your decision. When it comes to a life-altering change like getting a doctorate, it’s okay to take enough time to ask yourself specific questions to ensure you’re making the right move. Consider asking yourself the following:

• Why do I want to get a PhD?
• Do I have the pre-requisites to move forward to a PhD?
• What are my strengths and limitations?
• Am I financially prepared?
• Am I mentally prepared?
• How will this affect my relationship with my family or friends?
• Where will I study?
• What am I trying to achieve?
• What jobs will be available to me after I get my PhD?
• Are there other options or avenues to consider?

Unfortunately, you may not have the answer to every one of these questions, because let’s face it, you don’t know what you don’t know. You might not know how it will affect your relationship with family or friends, but why not ask them? Reach out to those closest to you and see how you pursuing this degree could trickle down to them and allow that to play into your decision. Evaluate the answers to these questions and use it to help you make an educated decision on your future moving forward.

The best PhD degrees

If you’ve weighed out the pros and cons, asked all the important questions, and now you’re set on getting your PhD, congratulations! To help you along the way, let’s look at a list of the most valuable PhD programs to start you on your way to this degree.

• Criminal Justice
• Engineering
• Cybersecurity
• Business Administration

These fields are rapidly growing and are among the highest-paying doctorate degrees in 2022 , so they might be worth considering as you start your journey.

Key takeaways

Pursuing your PhD requires an incredible amount of commitment, and it's important to take the necessary time to make the decision. As you’re evaluating a doctorate degree, remember the following:

• Evaluate the pros and cons list right from the beginning to ensure you’re weighing out both sides of the coin.
• Ask yourself the necessary questions. A doctorate degree commitment can affect more than just you, so be sure you’re factoring that into your decision.
• Review specifically which PhD would be best for you and your field progression.
• Research your chosen field carefully and evaluate the job market before you finalize your degree choice.
• Once you’ve selected your degree, stay focused and stay driven. It’s going to be a hard few years, but it will be worth the work!

Who knows, this may prompt you to move on to postgraduate study — never stop achieving!

Have you decided to pursue your PhD, or are you still considering your options? Join us in the comments below and let us know what’s stopping or encouraging you from getting a PhD.

Originally published on July 24, 2019. Updated by Shalie Reich.

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• PsyD vs PhD

8 Reasons Why You Should Get Your Doctorate in Psychology

Are you thinking about going back to school to get your doctorate in psychology? Earning your Ph.D. or PsyD can be an excellent way to improve your career and salary prospects. Below are some of the best reasons to consider earning this prestigious degree.

#1 You Want To Be An Academic

Earning your bachelor’s degree and even a master’s degree in psychology is not enough to get you the best-paying jobs in academia. If you want to be a full-time psychology professor at most universities, you must earn your doctorate in psychology.

Many students want to get their doctorate and work in academia so they can teach students at the bachelor’s and master’s levels. Being a full-time professor provides a good salary, benefits, and job security.

Others want to perform research at universities and obtain research grants from public and private entities.

#2 You Want To Be a Researcher

Many Ph.D. students in psychology yearn to become a research psychologist. In this field, you have the chance to study a variety of complex psychological issues and treatments and come up with new solutions.

Many doctoral degree holders are employed by the government or non-profit groups to discover new treatments for mental health conditions. Others focus on discovering innovative ways to teach certain populations of students.

Research psychology is also a good path if you want your original research published in peer-reviewed journals, such as The Journal of Psychology and Cognition and The Journal of Psychology and Psychotherapy.

#3 You Have Your Master’s Degree

Students interested in a psychology career can do little with a bachelor’s degree alone. Practicing as a counseling or clinical psychologist requires at least a master’s degree. However, to work independently, you must have a doctoral degree.

Most psychology students eventually earn their master’s degree, which means you are just one of many who have their graduate degree. But a lot fewer students earn their doctoral degree.

Doctoral programs are more selective and difficult. You can make yourself stand out from other psychology students with your Ph.D. or PsyD.

#4 You Want To Specialize

Some master’s programs allow you to specialize in a branch of psychology. But obtaining your doctorate in psychology allows you to focus even more on that specialization so you can become an expert and authority in the field. Some of the most popular doctoral specializations are:

• Neuropsychology
• Engineering psychology
• Sports psychology
• Forensic psychology
• Developmental psychology
• Educational psychology
• Health psychology
• Human factors psychology
• School psychology
• Social psychology
• Abnormal psychology

#5 You Want to Work in Private Clinical Practice

You can work as a clinical psychologist with a master’s degree, but you must be supervised by a Ph.D. in the field. While this may be a satisfactory arrangement for some time, many professionals want to eventually start their own private practice.

#6 You Want To Understand a Psychology Subject Better

If you want to become a subject matter expert on a subject in psychology, getting your Ph.D. may allow you to conduct in-depth research in that area.

For example, if you want to understand better how the brain solves problems, or how some drugs can affect depression or bipolar disorder, doctoral study will allow you to do years of research in those areas. You may even decide to write your dissertation on the subject.

#7 You Want to Help Other People

You can counsel others with a master’s degree. But having your psychology doctoral degree means another four to six years of experience and study. You can provide more in-depth help to your patients with a Ph.D. or PsyD.

SEE ALSO: Is it Worth It to Get a PsyD in Psychology?

#8 You Want to Make More Money

The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) states that the top earners in the field make at least $130,000 per year. Most of them have a doctoral degree and many years of work experience.

You also will qualify for more jobs with a doctoral degree. APA’s Workforce Studies found that 72% of surveyed psychologists with a doctorate got their top choice for work after they graduated.

What the Experts Say

We checked with experts on Quora.com about this question: “Is it worth it to get a Ph.D. in psychology?”

• “If you enjoy research, by all means, look into the possibility of pursuing the Ph.D., which will open many career avenues even before graduation. The field of psychology is rapidly following the study into biological and genetic factors behind mental illness and is the wave of the future. This opens up many new areas of research that you may become a part of.” – Mike King, MA in Politics, MS in Psychology, Minor in Management .
• “It depends on what you mean by “worth it.” If you don’t mind working hard for a finite number of years in order to have great flexibility in where you work (VA, academia, private practice, mental hospital, community mental health, the federal prison system, etc.) and what you do (therapy, assessment, administration, supervision, teaching, research, etc.), then yes, it’s worth it.” – Valerie Leake, Psychologist, Therapist .
• “A Ph.D. in psychology is centrally about doing research and getting it published. Do you feel comfortable doing research? Do you aspire to become a professor of psychology? Is there any domain in psychology that you have a special passion for? If your responses to these questions are all “yes”, then go ahead [and get your Ph.D.]. – Jimmy Zhong, Student, Ph.D. in Psychology .
• “I found it useful. I was able to teach undergraduate and graduate classes at three different universities. I worked as a school psychologist/diagnostician and earned a good salary. It was six years of hard work past my undergraduate degree, but I think it was worth it.” – Rondeall Bizzell, Ph.D. in Psychology .

Earning your doctoral degree in psychology provides you with many job opportunities and a shot at earning a top salary in the field. It is a worthy educational goal that can “result a high level of personal and professional satisfaction.

• Psychology PhD Overview. Accessed at http://www.teachingeducpsych.org/psychology-phd.html
• Is a Doctorate in Psychology Worth It? Accessed at https://www.alliant.edu/blog/doctorate-psychology-it-worth-it
• Doctoral Degree in Psychology. Accessed at https://www.apa.org/gradpsych/2012/11/right-path

How Much Does It Cost to Get a PhD in Psychology?

Key Takeaways

• Universities often offer PhD students tuition waivers and stipends to help them cover tuition costs.
• It is typical for PhD students to work as teaching assistantships, research assistantships, or at other positions within the university.
• Public universities are generally the lowest cost option for PhD in psychology students.

While a PhD in psychology can set you up for success for the rest of your life, the associated costs of this degree might turn away many prospective students. If the question “How much does it cost to get a PhD in psychology?” has ever popped up in your head, today is your lucky day because you’re about to get your answer!

Featured Programs

How much does it cost to get a phd in psychology.

The average cost of earning a PhD in psychology ranges from $500 to $1500 per credit hour, excluding personal expenses. The median program costs lie between $30,000 to $50,000 per year, making the degree a huge investment. With most programs requiring 60 to 90 hours, you can expect to spend at least 4-7 years at university before you graduate.

In addition to the tuition costs , other expenses like textbooks and supplies, living costs, and healthcare may add up to a significant amount. When picking out a psychology doctorate program, it’s important to factor in the additional costs. Once the expense sheet is ready, you can decide whether a PhD is worth the shot.

The good news is that, in most cases, you don’t have to bear the full tuition fee. Instead, universities often offer PhD students tuition waivers and stipends to help them cover the heavy costs. Your best bet is to check for these funding opportunities beforehand so that paying for your doctorate doesn’t interfere with your academic journey.

Factors that Influence the Cost of a PhD in Psychology

When it comes to the costs associated with a PhD program, there’s no one-size-fits-all situation. Luckily, the price tag of the doctorate isn’t set in stone. How much you’ll pay for it depends on a number of factors, some of which we have highlighted below:

Books and Materials

After the hefty tuition costs, the next big expense includes textbooks and supplies, which fluctuate based on the specific requirements of your chosen discipline.

For instance, when pursuing a doctorate in clinical psychology , you might need to invest in numerous books, journals, and therapy manuals. On the other hand, for industrial-organizational psychology, you might have to spend on surveys, data analysis software, or organizational assessments.

Regardless of your field of specialization in psychology , you’ll need specific materials and resources for research and study. However, just like other disciplines, most schools offer support to cut down on these expenses either through funding or by allowing access to institutional resources.  

Health and Living

When pursuing a PhD in psychology, it’s important to consider the costs associated with daily life and healthcare. These expenses vary depending on where you choose to study. For instance, major cities in the US tend to have much higher living costs as compared to suburban areas.

While city life offers greater access to resources, research opportunities, and lifestyle choices, it often comes with a hefty price tag. However, you may offset these costs by the annual stipends offered by your school. These stipends help cover living and healthcare expenses so you can focus on research without the financial strain.

Cost of Dissertation

Another critical factor to look for when planning on pursuing a PhD in psychology is the cost of a dissertation. For instance, if your research requires specialized equipment, data collection, or compensation for the participants, these expenses may quickly add up. Your expenses also depend on whether you choose to conduct experiments, surveys, or interviews.

To avoid straining your pocket, it’s important to budget for these expenses and explore research grants or departmental support ahead of time.

The costs you’ll bear for the doctorate also depend on the duration of your degree. Many PhD programs in psychology offer funding for a limited amount of time, typically around four to five years. However, if you require more time to complete your degree, you still have options to secure additional funding.

One common avenue is graduate student employment, such as teaching assistantships, research assistantships, or other positions within the university. You may also apply for “finishing fellowships” to help cover your expenses while you focus on the final stages of your degree.

Type of Institution

On average, tuition at public institutions tends to be lower, averaging around $11,554 per year. In contrast, tuition at private institutions is higher, averaging around $20,015 per year. This huge difference indicates that your decision on the type of institution to attend will play a significant role in deciding the financial burden you’ll carry while earning a PhD in psychology.

When considering your options, it’s best to know the type of institution you wish to attend and explore their aid opportunities. This is because most schools offering PhD in psychology may be way cheaper than the others.

Top Schools for PhD in Psychology

Fortunately, the US is home to some of the leading universities that offer PhD programs in psychology. Depending on your requirements, you may look into factors like program length, tuition fees, and accreditation prior to deciding which school to attend.

To save you the legwork, we have reviewed the top schools for PhD in psychology and highlighted the critical factors to consider:

Stanford University

• #5 Best Universities in the US Ranked for Prospective Students in 2024
• #5 50 Best Colleges and Universities Ranked for Undergrads in 2024
• #5 50 Best Graduate Schools Ranked for Prospective Students in 2024
• #5 50 Best Research Universities Ranked for Undergrads in 2024
• #1 The Most Influential Universities and Colleges Ranked by State 2024
• #1 Best Private Colleges in California 2024
• #1 Best Research Universities in California 2024
• #1 Best Grad Schools California 2024
• #2 Best Colleges in California 2024
• #1 Best Research Universities for Communications Degrees
• #2 Best Research Universities for Psychology Degrees
• #2 Best Research Universities for Engineering Degrees
• #2 Best Research Universities for Computer Science Degrees
• #2 Best Research Universities for Biology Degrees
• #3 Best Research Universities for Anthropology Degrees
• #3 Best Research Universities for Earth Sciences Degrees
• #3 Best Research Universities for Chemistry Degrees
• #4 Best Research Universities for English Degrees
• #4 Best Research Universities for History Degrees
• #4 Best Research Universities for Political Science Degrees
• #4 Best Research Universities for Physics Degrees
• #4 Best Research Universities for Math Degrees
• #6 Best Research Universities for Sociology Degrees
• #6 Best Research Universities for Philosophy Degrees
• #6 Best Research Universities for Economics Degrees
• #7 Best Research Universities for Religious Studies Degrees
• #1 Best Online Master's Programs in California 2024
• #5 The Best Traditional MBA Programs Ranked for Students in 2024
• #7 Best Schools in the World for Earning an MBA Degree Ranked for 2024
• #22 The Fastest Traditional MBA Degree Programs Ranked for 2024

Tuition + fees

Student body

Median SAT/ACT

Career Outlook for Psychology degree at Stanford University

Stanford University  is one of the top schools in the US offering a PhD program in psychology. The program offers a deep understanding of theoretical and empirical concepts and helps students cultivate independent research and analytical skills. At SU, academic courses, seminars, and research experiences go hand in hand.

To fulfill the requirements, PhD students need to complete five quarters of teaching assistantship (TA) under the supervision of faculty members. This provides valuable teaching experience and countless opportunities to mentor. Stanford University’s psychology department also actively collaborates with other departments to create a diverse academic environment.

• Program duration: 5 years (full-time)
• Accreditation: Yes (WSCUC)
• Tracks: Affective, Cognitive, Developmental, Neuroscience, or Social Psychology

When it comes to tuition fees at Stanford, here’s what you can expect:

• 8-10 units ($12,240) 11-18 units ($18,829)
• Each Graduate unit above 18 ( $1,255 per unit)
• 1-7 units (Summer only) $1,224 per unit

Harvard University

• #1 50 Best Graduate Schools Ranked for Prospective Students in 2024
• #1 Top Schools that Offer Free Master's Degrees Online
• #1 Best Universities in the World 2024
• #1 50 Best Private Grad Schools 2024
• #1 50 Best Research Universities Ranked for Undergrads in 2024
• #2 50 Best Private Colleges and Universities for Undergrads 2024
• #1 Best Grad Schools in Massachusetts 2024
• #1 Best Colleges in Massachusetts 2024
• #1 Best Private Colleges in Massachusetts 2024
• #1 Best Research Universities in Massachusetts 2024
• #1 Best Research Universities for Psychology Degrees
• #1 Best Research Universities for English Degrees
• #1 Best Research Universities for Anthropology Degrees
• #1 Best Research Universities for Religious Studies Degrees
• #1 Best Research Universities for History Degrees
• #1 Best Research Universities for Political Science Degrees
• #1 Best Research Universities for Sociology Degrees
• #1 Best Research Universities for Earth Sciences Degrees
• #1 Best Research Universities for Physics Degrees
• #1 Best Research Universities for Philosophy Degrees
• #1 Best Research Universities for Chemistry Degrees
• #1 Best Research Universities for Biology Degrees
• #1 Best Research Universities for Math Degrees
• #1 Best Research Universities for Economics Degrees
• #3 Best Research Universities for Engineering Degrees
• #3 Best Research Universities for Computer Science Degrees
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• #1 Best Schools in the World for Earning an MBA Degree Ranked for 2024
• #1 The Best Traditional MBA Programs Ranked for Students in 2024
• #7 The Fastest Traditional MBA Degree Programs Ranked for 2024

Career Outlook for Psychology degree at Harvard University

Harvard University  offers a comprehensive PhD program emphasizing four key areas: Clinical Science, Developmental Psychology, Social Psychology, and Cognition, Brain, and Behavior (CBB). These tracks offer students ample opportunities to explore different research topics and complete their dissertations in their preferred subjects.

What makes Harvard stand out is the university’s commitment to providing full financial support to its PhD students for a minimum of five years. These funds cover tuition costs, health insurance fees, and basic living expenses. Since the faculty has a proven track record of publication in various journals, you can expect to be under the guidance of field experts at Harvard.  

• Program duration: 4-6 years
• Accreditation: Yes (New England Commission of Higher Education) 
• Tracks: Social Psychology, Developmental Psychology, and Cognition, Brain, and Behavior (CBB).

When it comes to tuition fees at Harvard University, here’s what you can expect:

• Full Tuition -  Required first two years of study ($54,032)
• Reduced Tuition - Required third and fourth years of study ($14,048)
• Facilities Fee - Required post-fourth year of study ($3,574)
• Active File Fee - Minimum charge for approved non-resident status ($300)

University of Washington

• #6 Top Schools that Offer Free Master's Degrees Online
• #7 Best Value Colleges and Universities Ranked for Students in 2024
• #16 Best Universities in the US Ranked for Prospective Students in 2024
• #16 50 Best Graduate Schools Ranked for Prospective Students in 2024
• #1 Best Grad Schools in Washington 2024
• #1 Best Public Colleges in Washington 2024
• #1 Best Research Universities in Washington 2024
• #1 Most Affordable Colleges in Washington 2024
• #1 Best Colleges in Washington 2024
• #2 Best Research Universities for Criminal Justice Degrees
• #5 Best Research Universities for Social Work Degrees
• #15 Best Research Universities for Nursing Degrees
• #16 Best Research Universities for Education Degrees
• #16 Best Research Universities for Biology Degrees
• #17 Best Research Universities for Business Degrees
• #19 Best Research Universities for Earth Sciences Degrees
• #19 Best Research Universities for Computer Science Degrees
• #20 Best Research Universities for Communications Degrees
• #22 Best Research Universities for Physics Degrees
• #23 Best Research Universities for Math Degrees
• #24 Best Research Universities for Sociology Degrees
• #1 5 Inexpensive Online Master's Programs in Library Science
• #1 20 Fastest Accelerated Online English Doctorates (PhDs) 2024
• #1 Top 8 Best Online Applied Behavioral Analysis PhDs (Doctorates)
• #1 Best Online Colleges in Washington 2024
• #1 Best Online Master's Programs in Washington 2024
• #4 Best Online MBA Degree Programs No GRE Required Ranked for 2024
• #5 Best Online MBA Programs in Washington
• #6 Most Affordable Online Applied Behavioral Analysis PhD Programs
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• #10 Most Affordable Early Childhood Education Bachelor's (Online, On-Campus)
• #10 Top 20 Best Business Schools for MBAs Ranked for Students
• #13 The Best Traditional MBA Programs Ranked for Students in 2024

Career Outlook for Psychology degree at University of Washington

The PhD in psychology program at the University of Washington  is highly flexible and designed to gear you up for various career pathways in research. At its core, the program is mentor-based, so students can receive one-on-one attention from experts in the field. As a prospective PhD student, it’s best to identify potential mentors with expertise in your areas of interest.

Once admitted, you can join hands with your faculty members to dig deeper into the subject you have chosen. While the Department of Psychology at UW offers seven general areas of study, you can only pick one area to pursue. However, it’s worth noting that a PhD degree at the University of Washington typically requires a longer duration than other institutions.

• Program duration: 6-7 years
• Tuition fee: $18,057 (residents) and $31,530 (nonresidents) 
• Accreditation: Yes (NWCCU)
• Tracks: Clinical Psychology, Data Science, Advanced Data Science, Psychology and Astrobiology

Yale University

• #6 50 Best Research Universities Ranked for Undergrads in 2024
• #7 50 Best Private Colleges and Universities for Undergrads 2024
• #7 Best Universities in the World 2024
• #11 15 Colleges with the Happiest Freshmen
• #1 Best Colleges in Connecticut 2024
• #1 Best Private Colleges in Connecticut 2024
• #1 Best Research Universities in Connecticut 2024
• #1 Best Grad Schools in Connecticut 2024
• #2 Best Research Universities for Religious Studies Degrees
• #2 Best Research Universities for History Degrees
• #2 Best Research Universities for Philosophy Degrees
• #3 Best Research Universities for Psychology Degrees
• #3 Best Research Universities for English Degrees
• #3 Best Research Universities for Political Science Degrees
• #3 Best Research Universities for Biology Degrees
• #4 Best Research Universities for Anthropology Degrees
• #5 Best Research Universities for Sociology Degrees
• #5 Best Research Universities for Economics Degrees
• #6 Best Research Universities for Earth Sciences Degrees
• #7 Best Research Universities for Engineering Degrees
• #7 Best Research Universities for Chemistry Degrees
• #8 Best Research Universities for Math Degrees
• #9 Best Research Universities for Computer Science Degrees
• #10 Best Research Universities for Physics Degrees
• #2 Top 20 Best Business Schools for MBAs Ranked for Students
• #8 Best Schools in the World for Earning an MBA Degree Ranked for 2024
• #12 The Fastest Traditional MBA Degree Programs Ranked for 2024

Career Outlook for Psychology degree at Yale University

At Yale University , the primary goal of a doctorate in psychology is to train researchers for both academic and applied settings. The aim is to foster individuals who contribute to the expansion of the field of psychology. The university typically admits around 15 students each year who may select one of the five psychology tracks to pursue.

The best part? At Yale, you may also participate in programs that go beyond traditional disciplinary boundaries, such as cognitive, affective, and social neuroscience, as well as health sciences.

• Program duration: 5 years
• Tuition fee: $48,300
• Accreditation: Yes (New England Association of Schools and Colleges)
• Tracks: Clinical Psychology, Cognitive Psychology, Developmental Psychology, Neuroscience, and Social/Personality Psychology

University of California, Berkeley

• #2 Best Universities in the US Ranked for Prospective Students in 2024
• #2 50 Best Colleges and Universities Ranked for Undergrads in 2024
• #2 50 Best Graduate Schools Ranked for Prospective Students in 2024
• #2 Top Schools that Offer Free Master's Degrees Online
• #2 50 Best Research Universities Ranked for Undergrads in 2024
• #5 Best Universities in the World 2024
• #1 Best Colleges in California 2024
• #1 Best Public Colleges California 2024
• #1 Most Affordable Colleges in California 2024
• #2 The Most Influential Universities and Colleges Ranked by State 2024
• #2 Best Research Universities in California 2024
• #2 Best Grad Schools California 2024
• #2 Best Research Universities for Social Work Degrees
• #3 Best Research Universities for Communications Degrees
• #4 Best Research Universities for Engineering Degrees
• #4 Best Research Universities for Sociology Degrees
• #4 Best Research Universities for Chemistry Degrees
• #4 Best Research Universities for Computer Science Degrees
• #5 Best Research Universities for Anthropology Degrees
• #5 Best Research Universities for Math Degrees
• #6 Best Research Universities for Physics Degrees
• #7 Best Research Universities for English Degrees
• #7 Best Research Universities for History Degrees
• #7 Best Research Universities for Political Science Degrees
• #7 Best Research Universities for Philosophy Degrees
• #8 Best Research Universities for Earth Sciences Degrees
• #8 Best Research Universities for Biology Degrees
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• #4 Guide to Free Online Courses for MBA Students in 2024
• #2 The Best Traditional MBA Programs Ranked for Students in 2024
• #3 Best Schools in the World for Earning an MBA Degree Ranked for 2024

Career Outlook for Psychology degree at University of California, Berkeley

The University of California, Berkeley , has a PhD program in psychology that strongly focuses on research and offers six tracks, each with minor specializations. Among these tracks, the Clinical Science track is the hardest to secure a spot in.

If you’re worried about costs, UC Berkeley offers funding through different internal awards to ease your financial burden. It also has external support sources like the National Science Foundation and a bunch of extramural fellowships to ensure you have the financial resources necessary to pursue your research.

• Accreditation: Yes (WASC)  
• Tracks: Behavioral and Systems Neuroscience, Clinical Science, Cognition, Cognitive Neuroscience, Developmental, and Social-Personality

When it comes to tuition fees at University of California, here’s what you can expect:

• California residents - $5,850
• Non-residents - $5,850

Financial Aid Programs for Students Enrolling in a PhD in Psychology

If you’re on a budget, earning a PhD in psychology is still possible with the available financial aid options . More often than not, universities and research departments offer teaching or research assistantships as well. Military aid, federal aid, and government scholarships can also help reduce the financial burden. Here’s a list of financial aid programs you can pick from:

Graduate Assistantships

Most universities offering a PhD in psychology also offer graduate assistantship programs. These programs provide tuition waivers and stipends for students undertaking duties such as teaching, research, or monitoring the admin department. These assistantships are a win-win, easing the financial strain while providing years of professional experience to students.

Federal Aid Programs

Alternatively, you may utilize federal aid programs  like the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) to get loans, grants, or work-study benefits.  Once you understand how these government initiatives work, it becomes simpler to get financial support to pursue your PhD in psychology.

Employer-Sponsored Assistance

While not many are aware of it, employer-sponsored assistance is highly popular among candidates pursuing a doctorate in psychology. Luckily, many organizations provide financial support for employees, which is worth exploring. This way, you can complete your degree while your employer looks after your professional development expenses.

Scholarships

You may also opt for scholarships and grants provided by many foundations, particularly to benefit psychology students. Research institutes like the American Psychological Association (APA) and other psychological foundations often open up scholarship opportunities. To maximize your chances of acquiring one, make sure your application stands out!

Private Loans

Once you’ve exhausted other options, you can turn to private loans to pay for your degree. However, don’t forget to thoroughly review terms and conditions, interest rates, and repayment plans before considering this option. Then, compare the benefits and drawbacks to see whether it’s worth it.

Related Questions

Is getting a phd worth it for psychology.

Yes, particularly if you’re more focused on the financial aspects of the journey. The average salary of a PhD psychologist  is around $115,454. Individuals with a doctorate in psychology have a higher earning potential than those with a master’s or bachelor’s degree in the field, making a PhD worthwhile.

How long does it take to complete a doctorate degree in psychology?

Once you’re done with a bachelor’s degree in psychology or a related field, a doctorate in psychology takes you anywhere between  4 and 7 years. However, if you have a master’s degree, your timeframe may be shortened by a few months.

Are there any doctorate psychology programs that are accelerated?

Yes. While the average time to earn a PhD in psychology may take anywhere from six to ten years, it’s possible to accelerate this timeframe. There are plenty of online doctoral degree programs in psychology  that can significantly shorten the time to complete your psychology PhD .

While the question, “How much does it cost to get a PhD in psychology?” can’t be answered with a specific number, we hope this article has given you a fair idea of what it could cost you. If you’re on a budget, we highly recommend thoroughly researching and evaluating different schools and programs before you make a final decision. Remember, there’s various ways to reduce costs. In the end, this degree is highly likely to get you excellent ROI!

Is a Ph.D. in Counseling Psychology Worth it – (Pros VS. Cons)

Do you have a bachelor's or master's degree in psychology or another related field? Are you interested in a career where you can counsel clients and help them deal with life's challenges? If so, a Ph.D. in counseling psychology is an excellent career to pursue. Maybe you thought of this career path but wondered, "Is a Ph.D. in counseling psychology worth it?” In this article, I will share information with you about this specialized degree and offer you 25 reasons why a Ph.D. in counseling psychology is worth it and also 7 reasons why it may not be the right degree for you to consider. When you finish reading, you can weigh the pros and cons and decide if this is the career path you want to follow.

What is a Ph.D. in Counseling Psychology Degree?

How long does a ph.d. in counseling psychology degree take, how much does a ph.d. in counseling psychology degree cost, what are the admission requirements for a ph.d. in counseling psychology degree.

• Complete an online application • Provide a copy of your resume • A written letter of intent, statement of purpose, or other introductory letter explaining why you want to pursue this degree • Official transcripts from your previous undergraduate and master’s programs • Previous GPA of 3.0 or above • 2-3 professional letters of recommendation • GRE test score • Academic writing sample • Complete any required prerequisites before the start of the program

Why is a Ph.D. in Counseling Psychology Worth It? – the Pros

Reason #1: you will earn the highest degree possible in your field., reason #2: you will have more career opportunities., reason #3: you can work in research., reason #4: you can provide care for people with severe or complex psychological disorders, making a difference in their lives., reason #5: you can earn a generous income., reason #6: you will earn the credentials that make you eligible for leadership positions., reason #7: you can directly influence patient outcomes., reason #8: you can care for people across their lifespan., reason #9: you can open your own practice., reason #10: you can become an author and write a book., reason #11: you can pursue a career path involving public or motivational speaking., reason #12: you can develop specialty mental coaching programs., reason #13: you may be able to get your school paid for., reason #14: you can help meet the growing demand for mental health care services., reason #15: you will gain a deeper understanding of human behavior., reason #16: you can work one-on-one with patients., reason #17: you can complete a dissertation that distinguishes you from others in your field., reason #18: you can pursue a tenure track in academia., reason #19: a ph.d. in counseling psychology offers a positive job outlook., reason #20: you can work to bring better services to underserved communities., reason #21: you can provide crisis intervention services., reason #22: you want the title of doctor., reason #23: you enjoy the college experience., reason #24: you can work with veterans or other military service members., reason #25: you want to improve how mental health services are delivered., why a ph.d. in counseling psychology may not be worth it for you – the cons, reason #1: ph.d. in counseling psychology programs can be expensive., reason #2: ph.d. in counseling psychology programs take a serious time commitment., reason #3: admission to ph.d. in counseling psychology programs is competitive., reason #4: you do not like research., reason #5: the job market for ph.d. in counseling psychology graduates is competitive., reason #6: you have poor writing skills and no desire to improve., reason #7: the job you get could be emotionally taxing., what are the 3 main reasons behind the demand for ph.d. in counseling psychology degree holders, 1. increased need for school psychologists:, 2. the impacts of the pandemic and other global issues:, 3. employers are offering free or reduced-price mental health services:, what is the starting salary for new ph.d. in counseling psychology degree holders.

What is the Average Salary for Experienced Ph.D. in Counseling Psychology Degree Holders?

Is the Cost of a Ph.D. in Counseling Psychology Degree Worth the Return on Investment (ROI)?

What are the 3 best jobs you can get with a ph.d. in counseling psychology degree, 1. substance abuse counselor:, 2. school counselor:, 3. psychology professor:, bonus 3 tips to make more money with a ph.d. in counseling psychology degree, 1. develop and sell self-help material:, 2. offer telehealth services:, 3. move to a higher-paying state:, so, is a ph.d. in counseling psychology worth your time and money – my final thoughts, frequently asked questions answered, 1. what is the best age to pursue a ph.d. in counseling psychology degree, 2. how hard is it to get into a ph.d. in counseling psychology degree program, 3. do i need work experience to get into a ph.d. in counseling psychology degree program, 4. what is the minimum gpa to get into a ph.d. in counseling psychology degree program, 5. are online ph.d. in counseling psychology degree programs worth it, 6. are scholarships and grants available for ph.d. in counseling psychology degree programs, 7. is it hard to complete a ph.d. in counseling psychology degree, 8. can ph.d. in counseling psychology students have a life, 9. can i work part-time and successfully complete the ph.d. in counseling psychology degree program, 10. can i work full-time and successfully complete the ph.d. in counseling psychology degree program, 11. do students fail in ph.d. in counseling psychology degree programs, 12. will i ever regret getting a ph.d. in counseling psychology degree, 13. how much does a ph.d. in counseling psychology graduate make per hour.

14. How Much Does A Ph.D. In Counseling Psychology Graduate Make Per Year?

15. Will Ph.D. In Counseling Psychology Graduates Be Paid Less In The Future?

16. are all ph.d. in counseling psychology graduates successful in their careers, 17. are ph.d. in counseling psychology graduates happy with their jobs, 18. can ph.d. in counseling psychology degree holders become rich, 19. what are some of the best ph.d. in counseling psychology degree alternatives.

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• Psychology [Psy.D. / Ph.D.]

Clinical Psychology PhD -- is it worth it (for me)?

• Thread starter priorities2
• Start date May 18, 2012

priorities2

Full member.

• May 18, 2012
• May 19, 2012

Hmm... Not sure where to start first, but welcome to the board. As for your general questions about where psychologists can work, yes, we can be employed in the settings you mentioned. However, most Ph.D. programs, especially the fully funded ones, will require a substantial amount of research. I would not suggest a Psy.D. due to lack of funding. You mentioned being in college, but you may want to do some research on salaries in the workplace in general for multiple fields. 70k is more an entry level salary for a licensed psychologist. After 10 years in a VA you could make 100k per year. At an R1 research university doing research, which I know you mentioned you do not know if that is for you, you could start in the 70 range, but mid career near 90s and above if successful. Academic health centers would be 80s and above after you put in some time. There are quite a lot of positions that pay quite less and that is a risk you take, in any field. Also, these positions are quite competitive, and you will need to go to an APA accredited program, APA internship, and likely post-doc to get one. Question 2 seems the most concerning. I loved all my psych classes. I can't see how you would want to go to grad school if you don't really enjoy the courses. Yes, boring professors exist, but if you are that bored, maybe it is a sign of things to come. Grad school admissions are highly competitive, and you will need GRE scores of 1300 to gauge interest, and likely higher to qualify for some fellowships. But the good news is that there are a lot of positions in various settings open aroud the country. Go to usajobs.gov, type psychologist and see for yourself. However, these are highly competitive, requirements are strict, and only occur after a long grueling process! If this field is for you, you should feel the passion and desire by intrinsic motivation. Good luck in your search these next few years!  

Regional Clinical Officer, Centene Corporation

priorities2 said: Okay, I don't know how many of you have ever seen the movie The Ring , but ever since I was a kid, I wanted to have the job of the guy who does Samara's intake into the psych ward and asks her all those questions. Click to expand...

AcronymAllergy

Neuropsychologist.

In my admittedly-limited experience with inpatient psych (a year-long externship), coupled with what I've heard from individuals with a more vested interest in that setting, the typical responsibilities of a psychologist tend to include diagnostic clarification (which can sometimes include the initial intake, although usually seems to happen on more of a referral basis), psychological testing/assessment (both personality and cognitive), and occasionally treatment (short-term individual psychotherapy or, as was more often the case for me, group work such as social skills training). As for your question about competitiveness: yeah, it's pretty competitive, although the numbers you listed would meet the standards of most programs.This is assuming that by "substantial research experience," you mean a couple years' worth of time spent in a lab along with, ideally, a couple poster presentations and/or a publication. Although yes, even with all that, you'd need a solid GRE to be considered at many programs. "Solid" in this case would mean >1100 to generally even have your app looked at and >1200 for more serious review. Although keep in mind these numbers are GROSS generalizations; people do get into fully-funded programs with GREs <1100, they just often "make up" for the score in other ways, such as research experience and/or having a master's. Given your limited exposure to the field as a whole, I'd say your best bet at this point would be to see if you could shadow, or at least speak with, a few psychologists and psychiatrists so you can see/hear what their typical day entails.  

if you enjoyed Chicano/a and Family Studies, and decide you're not too into research, an MSW may be a better fit. It has more emphasis on social issues and you could still do therapy like a master's level psychologist. I agree that if you dislike all your psych classes, it may not be the best career choice, but I didn't enjoy all the requirement for my psych major. I did love all my mental health related coursework, which helped steer me to clinical psych. Also, if you are looking at fully funded programs (which is smart) and will have <1 year of research under your belt, you may end up taking time to get more experience between undergrad and grad school. That will give you more time to explore and decide what you want to do.  

cara susanna

I worked in an ER and I hated it. Just be aware that it's stressful and many of the staff members are cranky. I know someone who did psych evals in an ER (Masters-level clinician) and the nurses treated her really badly. Edit: I should add that I was not working in any psychology-related field at this time  

snowcherries

I personally was disappointed with some of my introductory/survey psych classes in college as compared to my humanities classes, but that was mostly because they were giant lecture classes without much room for inquiry and discussion. By the time I was a senior, however, I loved my seminar and special topics courses, in which we read journal articles and talked about them or listened to very cool guest speakers. These courses are most similar to the classes you'll have in a rigorous PhD program with small cohorts. I was also very intellectually stimulated by my research involvement in undergrad, so I'm glad you're pursuing research soon.  

• May 21, 2012

priorities2 said: (4) Let's say I have a specific (large, metropolitan) city where I want to live when I grow up. Will I get a job as a clinical psychologist there? Or is there a good chance I'll have to relocate to wherever I can find an opening? Click to expand...

Agree w/Pragma. Our DCT's opinion is that if you are tied to a particular location you are giving up both your ideal job setting and your ideal salary. You're going to have to take what you can get. For the large metro area my program is located in that seems to be how it works.  

roubs said: Agree w/Pragma. Our DCT's opinion is that if you are tied to a particular location you are giving up both your ideal job setting and your ideal salary. You're going to have to take what you can get. For the large metro area my program is located in that seems to be how it works. Click to expand...

erg923 said: I suppose I agree. However, I have been sucessful in lining up great opps in my home city (mid-size city), but it has taken ALOT of work. Emails, calls, emails, etc. Really working it. It has paid off now, but it took alot of investigating and alot of phone conversations to get it all to come together. NEVER thought I would have to work so hard to get a good entry-level job in this profession in my desired area. Click to expand...

Therapist4Chnge

Neuropsych ninja.

erg923 said: I NEVER thought I would have to work so hard to get a good entry-level job in this profession in my desired area. Click to expand...

Right, it is somewhat of an oversimplification. How much/well you network and chance will still play role.  

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Finding Fit: A Roadmap to Graduate School

If you are seriously considering getting a master’s degree or a doctoral degree in psychology, APA is here to help. This new webinar series from the Education Directorate breaks down the graduate program application process into clear, logical, and manageable steps. 

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Strategies for Applying to Psychology Graduate School

This presentation shows you how to strategically approach the graduate school application process and highlights APA resources to help you find and apply to the best program for your goals.

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Learn about the differences between graduate psychology degrees and types of training, the different types of training environments, the primary training outcomes and goals of different types of programs, and APA accreditation.

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If you are intrigued by the inner workings of the psyche, a Bachelor of Science in Psychology from Michigan Tech will allow you to mold that curiosity into a meaningful career.

Psychology is the scientific study of human behavior and cognitive processes. This broad discipline seeks to understand the human condition and explain behavior using scientific methods, with the fundamental goal of improving the well-being of individuals and our overall society.

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Psychologists can apply their training to help preserve or rehabilitate people's interpersonal relationships and mental health, and to help businesses safeguard assets such as time, finances, and human resources. From health practitioners who manage and treat psychological disorders, to business professionals who foster a healthy and productive workplace, to researchers who solve practical problems—psychology offers diverse applications and career pathways that attract many students to the discipline.

Flexible Degree, Countless Opportunities

A degree in psychology paves the way for a myriad of careers in countless settings, including government, industry, law, sports science, engineering, communications, and computers/technology. New psychology graduates entering the job market may qualify for entry-level positions in mental health, social/human services, and business administration.

Data crunching is the next big thing and a psychology grad is equipped to go beyond the numbers to interpret meaning, track trends, and gather insights. Scientific research, another growing field, requires the use of case study, content analysis, lab and field experiments, and surveys—research approaches that you gain experience with as a psychology major. In a more traditional vein, the demand for counseling and therapy services is expected to continue rising along with awareness of mental health as a component of overall well-being.

Concentrations

Psychology is a broad discipline. Focusing your effort on a concentration allows you to specialize and align with a future career interest, increasing your chances of securing graduate school acceptance or a job post-graduation.

Clinical/Counseling Psychology

The Clinical/Counseling Psychology concentration focuses on theories that inform how people function both personally and in their relationships at all ages; the emotional, social, work, school, and physical health concerns people may have at different stages in their lives; and the assessment and treatment of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders. Students gain in-depth knowledge of normal development, psychological disorders, psychological theories, and treatment techniques.

Cognitive Psychology

The Cognitive Psychology concentration focuses on brain, perception, attention, memory, thinking and decision making with additional courses in the application of cognitive theory to work (e.g., industrial/organizational psychology), social media, and design (e.g., human centered design, cognitive task analysis).

Social Psychology

The Social Psychology concentration focuses on how individuals interact with, and are affected by, each other and their environments. Thematic areas include social and intergroup relations; social justice and perception; social influence; attitude and attitude change; motivation; emotion; industrial/organizational psychology; personality; and social cognition.

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In a fast-moving and increasingly more stressed society, the need for mental health professionals will continue to grow. And psychology graduates can apply their deep understanding of human behavior, motivation, and cognitive processes to various roles in today's tech-driven business world, like customer service, human resources, management, marketing, and sales. With knowledge in psychology, you can help predict employee and customer behavior which leads to better decision-making and more effective strategies.

Career Opportunities for Psychology Majors

Those with a BS in Psychology work in some of the most satisfying jobs. Mental Health Counselor is #100 , School Psychologist is #94 , and Psychologist is #80 of the 100 Best Jobs according to US News and World Report. Some of the other career paths open to you with a BS in Psychology:

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Michigan Tech's Psychology Program: The Perfect Preparation for Graduate Studies

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A rapidly changing world demands professionals who think critically, communicate clearly with a variety of audiences, and engage with empathy and understanding in diverse workplaces. Put your keen understanding of how and why people think, feel, and behave the way they do to make a difference in people's lives and impact the way humans live, work, and play.

• Get personalized attention : 6:1 student to faculty ratio. Nearly every major class is taught by one of our core faculty. Your instructors will take the time to get to know you and help you explore career possibilities. Faculty are doing interesting research in a variety of domains; you can join their lab or develop your own research ideas with them.
• Customize your education : Our programs are flexible by design, allowing you to create a personalized program of study to explore your interests and build a unique portfolio of skills and experiences that sets you apart on the job market. Choose a concentration in clinical psychology and counseling, social psychology, or cognitive psychology. You can also use your free electives to pursue a minor without increasing your time to graduation. Many of our students choose minors in areas that complement psychology, including pre-health professions , business , public health , diversity studies , math , and computer science .
• Engage in research : As an undergraduate, work on research with a faculty mentor in one of our labs or research groups . Gain hands-on experience with state-of-the-art research methods and tools. Research experiences give students a competitive advantage when applying for graduate school and for research-based jobs in industry. All psychology students gain foundational research skills through a two-semester research course in which they work in teams to design, conduct, and present the results of a study of their choice.
• Gain hands-on experience through internships : You can complete an internship to explore job possibilities and build your skill sets in real-world settings without needing to take a semester off to do so. Past internship locations have included the Center for Student Mental Health and Well-being, the Copper Country Intermediate School District, U.P. Kids foster and adoption services, The Barbara Kettle Gundlach Shelter for Domestic Abuse, and many others.

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The 3 Most Common Causes of Insecurity and How to Beat Them

15 tools to help you bounce back when you're feeling down about yourself..

Posted December 6, 2015 | Reviewed by Lybi Ma

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• Insecurity can be based on recent failures: Research shows up to 40% of one's “happiness quotient” is based on recent life events.
• Social anxiety from being bullied or having critical parents can lead to insecurity.
• Perfectionism not only can cause insecurity, but depression, anxiety, eating disorders, and chronic fatigue as well.

Do you find yourself feeling filled with self-doubt and short on confidence ? Despite your accomplishments, do you feel like a fraud destined to be exposed? Do you feel that you don’t deserve lasting love and that partners will inevitably leave you? Do you stay at home, afraid to venture out and meet new people because you don’t feel you have enough to offer? Do you feel overweight, boring , stupid, guilty, or ugly?

Most of us feel insecure sometimes, but some of us feel insecure most of the time. The kind of childhood you had, past traumas , recent experiences of failure or rejection, loneliness , social anxiety , negative beliefs about yourself, perfectionism, or having a critical parent or partner can all contribute to insecurity.

Following are the three most common forms of insecurity—and how to begin to cope with them.

Type 1: Insecurity Based on Recent Failure or Rejection

Recent events in our lives can greatly affect both our mood and the way we feel about ourselves. Research on happiness suggests that up to 40% of our “happiness quotient” is based on recent life events. The biggest negative contributor to happiness is the ending of a relationship, followed by the death of a spouse, job loss, and negative health events. Since unhappiness also influences your self-esteem , failure and rejection can deliver a double whammy to your confidence. In his book Emotional First Aid: Healing Rejection, Guilt , Failure, and Other Everyday Hurts , Psychology Today blogger Guy Winch states that rejection inevitably leads us to see both ourselves and other people more negatively, at least for a time. And those of us who have lower self-esteem to begin with are more reactive to failure. It’s as if an experience like losing your job grabs old negative beliefs about your self-worth and activates them. It may help to understand that failure is a nearly ubiquitous experience: Before becoming president, Abraham Lincoln lost his job, was defeated for nomination to Congress, and failed at least twice in Senate bids. Persevering despite setbacks can lead to eventual successes—which raise your self-esteem.

Below are some tools you can use to overcome failure- or rejection-based insecurity:

• Give yourself time to heal and adapt to the new normal.
• Get out and engage with life, following your interests and curiosity.
• Reach out to friends and family for distraction and comfort.
• Get feedback from people you trust.
• Persevere and keep moving towards your goals .
• Be willing to try a different strategy if necessary.

Type 2: Lack of Confidence Because of Social Anxiety

Many of us experience a lack of confidence in social situations like parties, family gatherings, interviews, and dates. The fear of being evaluated by others—and found to be lacking—can lead you to feel anxious and self-conscious. As a result, you may avoid social situations, experience anxiety when you anticipate social events, or feel self-conscious and uncomfortable during them. Past experience can feed your sense of not belonging, not feeling important or interesting, or just not being good enough. Many of my clients describe how being bullied or excluded from a group of friends in middle school or high school continues to negatively affect their confidence as adults. If you grew up with critical parents, or parents who pressured you to be popular and successful, you may also be over-sensitized to how others perceive you. This type of insecurity is generally based on distorted beliefs about your self-worth—and about the extent to which other people are evaluating you. Most of the time, people are more focused on how they are coming across than on judging others. Those who do judge and exclude are often covering up insecurities of their own and so their opinions may be less than accurate; they may value superficial attributes instead of character and integrity.

Below are some tools to combat insecurity in social situations:

• Talk back to your inner critic . Remind yourself of all the reasons that you can be interesting and fun or would be a good friend or partner.
• Prepare in advance. Think of some things you can talk about—current events, movies you’ve seen, hobbies, your job, or your family.
• Avoiding social situation just makes things worse. So go to a party or on a date even if you're nervous. Your anxiety should decrease once you get engaged with others—if not the first or second time, then once you get used to showing up.
• Set yourself a limited, realistic goal. This could be anything from talking to two new people or finding out more about one person’s work and hobbies.
• Deliberately focus on others to combat intense self-focus. Put on your observer hat and notice what other people seem to be feeling and doing. Do you notice any similarities or skills you can learn from them?

Type 3: Insecurity Driven by Perfectionism

Some of us have very high standards for everything we do. You may want the highest grades, the best job, the perfect figure, the most beautifully decorated apartment or house, neat and polite kids, or the ideal partner. Unfortunately, life doesn’t always turn out exactly the way we want, even if we work extra hard. There is a piece of the outcome that is at least to some degree out of our control. Bosses may be critical, jobs may be scarce, partners may resist commitment, or you may have genes that make it difficult to be skinny.

If you are constantly disappointed and blaming yourself for being anything less than perfect, you will start to feel insecure and unworthy. While trying your best and working hard can give you an advantage, other aspects of perfectionism are unhealthy. Beating up on yourself and constantly worrying about not being good enough can lead to depression and anxiety, eating disorders, or chronic fatigue.

Below are some ways to combat perfectionism:

• Try to evaluate yourself based on how much effort you put in, which is controllable, rather than on the outcome, which is dependent on external factors.
• Think about how much difference it would actually make if your work were 10 percent better. Would the time and energy spent in checking and re-checking or answering every email really be worth it?
• Perfectionism is often based on all-or-nothing thinking, so try to find the grey areas. Is there a more compassionate or understanding way to view a situation? Are you taking your circumstances into account when you evaluate yourself? Is there something you learned or achieved even if the end result wasn’t perfect?
• Perfectionists often have conditional self-esteem: They like themselves when they are on top and dislike themselves when things don't go their way. Can you learn to like yourself even when you are not doing well? Focus on inner qualities like your character, sincerity, or good values, rather than just on what grades you get, how much you get paid, or how many people like you.

Copyright: Melanie Greenberg, Ph.D., 2015. All rights reserved.

Melanie Greenberg, Ph.D. , is a licensed clinical psychologist and life coach practicing internationally via distance technologies. She is a former professor, national speaker, and the author of The Stress Proof Brain .

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Marquette.edu  //  College of Education  //  Graduate Studies  //  Counselor Education and Counseling Psychology  // 

Master's Degrees Admission Process and Requirements

The Department of Counselor Education and Counseling Psychology offers a Master of Arts degree program in school counseling or a Master of Science degree program in clinical mental health counseling, with the option to specialize in addictions counseling or child and adolescent counseling.

Prerequisites for admission

Applicants to all graduate programs in the Department of Counselor Education and Counseling Psychology should have graduated with, or be about to graduate with, a bachelor's or a master's degree from an accredited institution appropriate to their chosen field of graduate study. Experience in human service (field work, or service learning, or volunteer or employment) is helpful.

Admission Process

For more information on the application and admission process for the online Master of Science in Clinical Mental Health Counseling, please visit that program's How to Apply page.

Admission applications that are incomplete or received after the deadline will not be reviewed. To ensure your file is complete and on time, please contact the Graduate School at 414-288-7137 or email at [email protected] .

• Master's admission applications due to the Graduate School: Wednesday, February 1, 2024
• Master's virtual interviews (approximately 8am-4pm CST): Friday, March 3, 2024

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Materials to be submitted for application

All of the following materials must be submitted to the Graduate School by the appropriate deadline.

• Graduate School application form and application fee
• If coursework was completed within the United States, submit copies of all current and previous college/universities except Marquette.
• If coursework was completed outside of the United States, a transcript evaluation is required. A copy of a course-by-course evaluation is approved for the application process.
• Test scores on the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) general test are normally required, not the GRE subject test (psychology). Please see the GRE website for score reporting schedules. NOTE: The GRE is optional for 2024-2025.
• A statement of purpose. Please use the guidelines listed on the Marquette Graduate School webpage on drafting a SOP .
• Resume or Vita.
• Three letters of recommendation from individuals who can address one's academic and professional potential.
• International applicants only must submit a TOEFL score or other acceptable proof of English proficiency.

For further application information, please contact the Graduate School at 414-288-7137, find Marquette's admissions materials online or email Coreen Bukowski , academic coordinator.

Virtual Interviews

After all applications are reviewed, the highest-ranking applicants will be contacted for an interview, which is required for admission. International applicants and others for whom the timeline/CST wouldn't be conducive can request to interview over the phone on a mutually agreed date/time prior to the listed interview date. Master's interviews will be periodically all day (8am-4pm CST) on Friday, March 8, 2024 .

Applicant evaluation by departmental faculty

Department faculty comprehensively review applicant files, emphasizing all aspects of applicants' backgrounds. Our assessments of potential for graduate study and success in the field are based on all components of the application, and we do not use cutoff scores with regard to previous grades or test scores. The previous median GRE combined test score of our recent master's in counseling students was 303, and the median undergraduate GPA was 3.5. The median score on the GRE writing assessment for master's students was 4.5. The faculty admits students with lower test scores or grades when there are significant compensating factors that are important for determining success in the field. If relevant, applicants should highlight these factors in their Statement of Purpose.

Those applicants who are judged to show good potential for graduate study in our department are then invited for an interview with the departmental faculty and a group of current graduate students. After the interviews have been completed, faculty review each application and make a decision about admission to the program.

Tuition and financial aid information

Tuition for a graduate education student can be found on the Graduate School tuition page . This level of tuition is fairly competitive with other institutions.

Most of the scholarships and assistantships that we offer go to doctoral students, but occasionally there are assistantships given to master’s students. Master’s students who are primary and secondary school teachers in southeastern Wisconsin are eligible for two scholarship opportunities: the Milwaukee Area Teachers Scholarship, which provides scholarships for K-12 teachers from the greater Milwaukee area, and the Catholic Schools Scholarship, which covers part of the tuition for students employed by Archdiocese of Milwaukee schools. These scholarships are available only to students enrolled at Marquette. More information is available at the Graduate School's financial aid page.

We will not know the number of assistantships available to next year's students until our admissions offers are sent out during the middle of the spring semester.

Visiting the department

You are welcome to visit the department to find out more about our programs. We are located in room 146 of the Walter Schroeder Health and Education Complex, 560 N. 16th Street. See our campus map we are building number 29. Please contact Coreen via email or 414-288-5730 to let us know you are interested in visiting or would like someone to contact you. Contact the Graduate School to schedule a campus visit/tour .

Marquette's Graduate School also holds a fall open house. Stay tuned for more information.

We look forward to meeting you!

Quick Links

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Just Earned PhD in Cognitive Psychology & It Wasn't Worth It

I received my PhD in Cognitive Psychology in August 2017 from an R1 university (I'm not going to identify the university right now). To get straight to the point: It wasn't worth it. Not even close. If I could go back in time and turn down the offer, I would.

But I can't, so here's the reality: I currently have a one year position as Assistant Professor of Psychology at a small liberal arts college. My initial starting salary offer was $51,291.59. After two months of tense and frustrating negotiations, the university made a second offer, so my salary for the 2017-2018 academic year is $56,549.17. I bring home $1,523.58 biweekly after taxes. After paying rent, electricity, internet, cell phone bill, groceries, and student loan payments, I have very little money left over at the end of the month. Additionally, I have no job security-- I am constantly applying for (and being rejected from) faculty positions for the upcoming 2018-2019 academic year.

I have astronomically high student loan debt. I will be making payments for the rest of my life. There are very few faculty positions open for cognitive psychologists and when those positions do open up, the search committees receive tons of applications. One of the positions I recently applied for had 58 applicants.

Additionally-- if you are currently a PhD student and think that earning your PhD is the light at the end of the tunnel, you are wrong. You will continually be forced to prove your worth over and over again. You'll need to prove your worth for job applications, for tenure track positions, for raises and promotions.

I have a bachelors degree in psychology, two master's degrees, a PhD, and an advanced graduate certificate. I have publications. I have years of research experience. But I feel like none of that matters. I'm back at square one again.

The four years I spent earning my bachelors degree and the two years I spent earning my first masters degree were very enjoyable. Those were the six years that made me fall in love with psychology...with science as a whole. With academia.

The five years I spent in my PhD program (where I earned my second master's degree and my advanced graduate certificate) were the worst five years of my entire life. I worked day and night...60-80+ hours each week. My stipend from being a TA wasn't enough to live off of. The department knew that; it was common knowledge that most of the grad students were struggling to put food on the table...but no one with any power cared enough to do anything about it.

My PhD advisor was abusive. She expected me to work non-stop, to be available any time she needed to meet with me...evenings, weekends, holiday "breaks." She constantly put me down. It wasn't constructive criticism. It was abuse. Minor, often inconsequential errors resulted in a barrage of criticism-- I wasn't good enough, I would "never make it" in academia, I don't have "a scientific mind." She would criticize me for planning to go home for the holidays to visit my family and if I went anyway, she would flood me with emails asking when I was coming back to work. She was constantly pushing me to work harder, to work faster, to be more productive...design more experiments, run more participants, analyze data faster, know every single detail of the results, etc. Memorize the means, the standard deviations, know every single inferential statistic. Write it all up. Perfectly. Drafts would be returned to me with pages and pages and pages of edits and she would sigh and shake her head in exasperation if a new draft with all of the feedback incorporated wasn't returned to her within the next day or two. I barely slept, I barely ate. I always had a million things hanging over my head. There was no relief, not for a second. I ended up in the hospital for 5 days from exhaustion and was then put on anti-anxiety medicine. But it didn't stop. It actually got worse, because on top of the criticisms, she would add that I was "overly sensitive."

Long story short-- I made it through. I graduated. But now what? Few job opportunities, low pay...I feel like I have no control over my life. If I want a good job, I need to be willing to go wherever someone is willing to hire me. There's little to no chance of being able to stay close to my family and friends.

I'm frustrated and angry. My mental health has been destroyed. My confidence is completely gone. I have more student loan debt than I can ever possibly pay off.

I wish this doctorate came with a money back guarantee. I would have returned it a long time ago if it meant that I could get my life back. If I could follow a different path where I would make more money, have better options, more control, more job security. I've invested so much time, money, effort...I've sacrificed more than I can describe. I feel like I'm completely stuck and it is devastating.

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