case study project biol 2060

• CourseLink Login

BIOL*2060 - Ecology

Course Description

This course discusses the ecology of plants, animals, fungi and bacteria as individual organisms, interacting populations, communities and ecosystems. Lectures and discussion groups are used to demonstrate the difficulty of interpreting ecological data derived from field studies. The value of laboratory-based research in ecology will also be discussed. The course will be important for anyone who wishes to understand what we know and need to know about the way ecological systems work.

Note:  This course can be taken individually or as a part of a certificate program.

Learning Outcomes

By the end of the course the successful student will be able to:

• Explain patterns observed in nature by applying the scientific method and fundamental ecological theories.
• Communicate clearly about ecological systems and processes by applying appropriate ecological terminology.
• Appreciate the historical development of the discipline and the contributions of influential scientists to our understanding of contemporary issues.
• Begin to formulate investigations of conservation and management issues related to the distribution and abundance of species by applying ecological theory.
• Develop and present a case study research proposal (including a review of literature, statement of hypothesis and predictions, appropriate research methodology) on an ecological topic selected from recent Canadian news articles.
• Critically evaluate and synthesize a set of selected primary ecological literature, in the context of ecological principles and practices described in this course.

Course Topics

• Science of Ecology
• Natural History and Evolutionary Ecology
• Individual Ecology
• Population Ecology
• Community Ecology
• Ecosystem+ Ecology

Additional Requirements

Course Prerequisite(s) : 4.00 credits including BIOL*1070

Applies Towards the Following Certificates

• Certificate in Environmental Citizenship : Electives
• Certificate in Environmental Conservation : Electives

Technical Requirements

You are responsible for ensuring that your computer system meets the necessary system requirements . Use the browser check tool to ensure your browser settings are compatible and up to date (results will be displayed in a new browser window).

*Course details are subject to change.

Thank you for your interest in this course. Unfortunately, the course you have selected is currently not open for enrolment. Please complete a Course Inquiry so that we may promptly notify you when enrolment opens.

Session Time-Out

Privacy policy.

Privacy policy

Open Learning and Educational Support (OpenEd) adheres to the University of Guelph's Policy on the Release of Student Information. This policy outlines the procedures followed by OpenEd with respect to personal information obtained from registered and prospective students.

Student Information OpenEd collects the following information:

• Current and prospective student biographical information including name, address, employer, employee number, email, and contact information
• Student enrolment activities and related grades/marks
• Student financial and payment information, including credit card numbers, bank accounts and financial status
• Student comments through the course evaluation process
• Activities within the online learning environment, including discussions, marks, assignments and quizzes, and the completion of online surveys
• This information is collected in writing, as well as verbally and electronically.

Purpose, Access and Disclosure The above information is collected as necessary to provide the academic services of OpenEd.

Access to student and course enrolment information is limited to officers of the University who require the information in order to perform the duties of their position.

Disclosure to third parties will only occur under one or more of the following conditions:

Upon written request of the student In the event of an emergency Upon the presentation of a court order (to be released to a police officer or officer of the court) For the collection of OpenEd's outstanding accounts (to be released to collection agencies) For the promotion of OpenEd's activities to former, current and prospective students* *OpenEd requires that any mailing agencies used in the distribution of promotional materials and information comply with both the University's privacy guidelines and OpenEd's Privacy Policy.

Individuals who do not wish to receive promotional material or information relating to the academic activities of OpenEd can email our main office or phone us at 519-767-5000 to be removed from the list.

Program evaluations for continuing education activities will follow the guidelines outlined in the Program Evaluation Standards and Policy established in March 2004. Information collected on the departmental academic surveys will adhere to the guidelines established by the University of Guelph Faculty Policies.

Retention of Records Prospective student information - 3 years Student and enrolment information (no final mark) - 3 years Student and enrolment information (with mark) - permanent Continuing education course evaluations - 1 semester Departmental academic surveys - 1 semester Course exams - 1 semester Student activity on the online platform - 1 semester Undergraduate Course Request Forms - 2 years Transcript Request Forms - 1 year Transcripts for other institutions - 1 year Certificate and Diploma Request Forms - 1 year Continuing education registration forms - 7 years Purging of Records Student personal and enrolment activities will be purged after three years of inactivity unless a final mark is associated with the enrolment. Enrolments that include final marks are retained indefinitely in order to prepare official academic achievement reports.

Information collected in courses served on the online learning platform will be maintained for one semester after the subsequent offering. After such time, student names will be removed from discussion postings and will be replaced with unique identifiers in order to protect the confidentiality of students, while allowing for course development and continuous improvement strategies. Student assignments submitted online will be purged at the end of the following semester. All records will be destroyed when they are no longer considered useful.

Violations and Complaints Complaints or alleged violations of this policy will be received and investigated by the OpenEd Director in accordance with the University's guidelines on the Protection of Privacy and Access to Information. Complaints or concerns about the application of this policy or the use of student information should be directed in the first instance to the OpenEd Director and subsequently to the Protection of Privacy and Access to Information Officer.

Cookie Policy

Cookie policy

This statement explains how we use cookies on our website. For information about what types of personal information will be gathered when you visit the website, and how this information will be used, please see our privacy policy.

How we use cookies

All of our web pages use "cookies". A cookie is a small file of letters and numbers that we place on your computer or mobile device if you agree. These cookies allow us to distinguish you from other users of our website, which helps us to provide you with a good experience when you browse our website and enables us to improve our website.

Types of cookies we use

We use the following types of cookies:

• Strictly necessary cookies - these are essential in to enable you to move around the websites and use their features. Without these cookies the services you have asked for, such as signing in to your account, cannot be provided.
• Performance cookies - these cookies collect information about how visitors use a website, for instance which pages visitors go to most often. We use this information to improve our websites and to aid us in investigating problems raised by visitors. These cookies do not collect information that identifies a visitor.
• Functionality cookies - these cookies allow the website to remember choices you make and provide more personal features. For instance, a functional cookie can be used to remember the items that you have placed in your shopping cart. The information these cookies collect may be anonymized and they cannot track your browsing activity on other websites.

Most web browsers allow some control of most cookies through the browser settings. To find out more about cookies, including how to see what cookies have been set and how to manage and delete them please visit http://www.allaboutcookies.org/ .

Specific cookies we use

The list below identify the cookies we use and explain the purposes for which they are used. We may update the information contained in this section from time to time.

• JSESSIONID: This cookie is used by the application server to identify a unique user's session.
• registrarToken: This cookie is used to remember items that you have added to your shopping cart
• locale: This cookie is used to remember your locale and language settings.
• cookieconsent_status: This cookie is used to remember if you've already dismissed the cookie consent notice.
• _ga_UA-########: These cookies are used to collect information about how visitors use our site. We use the information to compile reports and to help us improve the website. The cookies collect information in an anonymous form, including the number of visitors to the website, where visitors have come to the site from and the pages they visited. This anonymized visitor and browsing information is stored in Google Analytics.

Changes to our Cookie Statement

Any changes we may make to our Cookie Policy in the future will be posted on this page.

• Library Databases
• Web Resources
• BIOL 2060: General Information
• BIOL 2060: Scholarly or Academic Sources
• BIOL 2060: Data / Statistics
• BIOL 2060: Images / Video
• BIOL 2060: How to Cite Sources
• Videos and Virtual Labs
• Research Tutorials
• Writing in the Sciences This link opens in a new window

Subject Guide

Welcome to the Microbiology section of the Biology research guide!

This page has been developed specifically for BIOL 2060. It will direct you to a variety of resources that may assist you with your research-based assignments. Choose from one of the options on this page based on the type of information you are seeking. Each option will provide more information and links to recommended resources.

General Information

Use general information sources to learn about basic microbiology concepts, gather facts about bacteria, pathogens, or diseases, and set a solid foundation for performing more in-depth research. Select the image above or following link to find general information.

• Use general information sources

Scholarly or Academic Sources

Scholarly or academic sources have often gone through a peer review process and are considered by most to be very trustworthy sources. Select the image above or following link to find scholarly sources.

• Use scholarly sources

Data / Statistics

Including data or statistics in a project can often strengthen your research and help place your information and writing in context. Select the image above or following link to find data and statistics.

• Use data and statistics sources

Images / Video

Using pictures, videos, and other multimedia can add to your research. Select the image above or following link to find images and videos.

• Use image sources

How to Cite Sources

An important aspect of using the sources you find is properly citing them. Select the image above or following link for help citing sources.

• Use citation resources
• << Previous: Web Resources
• Next: BIOL 2060: General Information >>
• Last Updated: Aug 30, 2024 1:29 PM
• URL: https://libguides.slcc.edu/biology

Advanced Research Computing

• Platforms & Services
• Collaborations & Consultancy
• Research showcase
• Community & Events

Repackaging legacy software for protein structural domain annotation: an OSSS project

ARC worked with the Orengo group (UCL Structural & Molecular Biology) on a project to make an existing bioinformatics data pipeline more portable, scalable and ready to be applied to huge new datasets

30 August 2024

Figure 1 (above)   Outline of the  CATH  classification pipeline.

One of the fundamental building blocks in the field of Computational Biology is the identification of evolutionary relationships between proteins. However, proteins can be large and complex; they often consist of multiple independent units known as structural domains (defined as compact, semi-independent folding units). These domains have their own evolutionary story and are often seen recurring in different contexts in different multi-domain proteins. As such, being able to accurately identify the boundaries of these structural domains, i.e. recognising where structural domains start and stop, is a crucial first step in all subsequent analyses such as protein engineering, disease diagnostics and drug design. Providing accurate domain boundaries at scale can be a non-trivial problem though; often requiring expert manual curation, guided by a variety of metrics from automated algorithms.

What we did

The Orengo Group has used an automated data pipeline for many years while creating and maintaining the CATH database of protein structural domains [1]. Part of this data pipeline involved running algorithms responsible for identifying protein structural domains from 3D data. However this pipeline consisted of old code that was difficult to maintain, difficult to extend with more modern algorithms, and also difficult to move over to new compute facilities at UCL. Dr Robert Vickerstaff from ARC worked with Dr Ian Sillitoe from the Orengo group in UCL SMB to isolate existing legacy code into portable modules that could be run as independent units of work in addition to gluing these modules together using a modern, well tested workflow management framework (Nextflow). This would provide the flexibility and portability to allow these data pipelines to be easily adopted both within HPC facilities at UCL and in the wider community as part of larger data workflows.

The main work achieved as part of this Open Source Software Sustainability (OSSS) funded project  was to build Nextflow data pipelines that could be run natively on the HPC facilities both in ARC and Computer Science with minimal changes to configuration. In addition, the existing Nextflow scripts were refactored to take into account patterns of recommended best practices. This helped to make the scripts more maintainable, easier to extend in the future and easier to share with the community. The project is still in active development and is available on GitHub [2].

[1] https://www.cathdb.info

[2] https://github.com/UCLOrengoGroup/cath-alphaflow

Blog The Education Hub

https://educationhub.blog.gov.uk/2024/08/20/gcse-results-day-2024-number-grading-system/

GCSE results day 2024: Everything you need to know including the number grading system

Thousands of students across the country will soon be finding out their GCSE results and thinking about the next steps in their education.   

Here we explain everything you need to know about the big day, from when results day is, to the current 9-1 grading scale, to what your options are if your results aren’t what you’re expecting.  

When is GCSE results day 2024?  

GCSE results day will be taking place on Thursday the 22 August.     

The results will be made available to schools on Wednesday and available to pick up from your school by 8am on Thursday morning.  

Schools will issue their own instructions on how and when to collect your results.   

When did we change to a number grading scale?  

The shift to the numerical grading system was introduced in England in 2017 firstly in English language, English literature, and maths.  

By 2020 all subjects were shifted to number grades. This means anyone with GCSE results from 2017-2020 will have a combination of both letters and numbers.  

The numerical grading system was to signal more challenging GCSEs and to better differentiate between students’ abilities - particularly at higher grades between the A *-C grades. There only used to be 4 grades between A* and C, now with the numerical grading scale there are 6.  

What do the number grades mean?  

The grades are ranked from 1, the lowest, to 9, the highest.  

The grades don’t exactly translate, but the two grading scales meet at three points as illustrated below.  

The bottom of grade 7 is aligned with the bottom of grade A, while the bottom of grade 4 is aligned to the bottom of grade C.    

Meanwhile, the bottom of grade 1 is aligned to the bottom of grade G.  

What to do if your results weren’t what you were expecting?  

If your results weren’t what you were expecting, firstly don’t panic. You have options.  

First things first, speak to your school or college – they could be flexible on entry requirements if you’ve just missed your grades.   

They’ll also be able to give you the best tailored advice on whether re-sitting while studying for your next qualifications is a possibility.   

If you’re really unhappy with your results you can enter to resit all GCSE subjects in summer 2025. You can also take autumn exams in GCSE English language and maths.  

Speak to your sixth form or college to decide when it’s the best time for you to resit a GCSE exam.  

Look for other courses with different grade requirements     

Entry requirements vary depending on the college and course. Ask your school for advice, and call your college or another one in your area to see if there’s a space on a course you’re interested in.    

Consider an apprenticeship    

Apprenticeships combine a practical training job with study too. They’re open to you if you’re 16 or over, living in England, and not in full time education.  

As an apprentice you’ll be a paid employee, have the opportunity to work alongside experienced staff, gain job-specific skills, and get time set aside for training and study related to your role.   

You can find out more about how to apply here .  

Talk to a National Careers Service (NCS) adviser    

The National Career Service is a free resource that can help you with your career planning. Give them a call to discuss potential routes into higher education, further education, or the workplace.   

Whatever your results, if you want to find out more about all your education and training options, as well as get practical advice about your exam results, visit the  National Careers Service page  and Skills for Careers to explore your study and work choices.   

You may also be interested in:

• Results day 2024: What's next after picking up your A level, T level and VTQ results?
• When is results day 2024? GCSEs, A levels, T Levels and VTQs

Tags: GCSE grade equivalent , gcse number grades , GCSE results , gcse results day 2024 , gsce grades old and new , new gcse grades

Sharing and comments

Share this page, related content and links, about the education hub.

The Education Hub is a site for parents, pupils, education professionals and the media that captures all you need to know about the education system. You’ll find accessible, straightforward information on popular topics, Q&As, interviews, case studies, and more.

Please note that for media enquiries, journalists should call our central Newsdesk on 020 7783 8300. This media-only line operates from Monday to Friday, 8am to 7pm. Outside of these hours the number will divert to the duty media officer.

Members of the public should call our general enquiries line on 0370 000 2288.

Sign up and manage updates

Follow us on social media, search by date.

Comments and moderation policy

Information

• Author Services

Initiatives

You are accessing a machine-readable page. In order to be human-readable, please install an RSS reader.

All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess .

Feature papers represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the field. A Feature Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook for future research directions and describes possible research applications.

Feature papers are submitted upon individual invitation or recommendation by the scientific editors and must receive positive feedback from the reviewers.

Editor’s Choice articles are based on recommendations by the scientific editors of MDPI journals from around the world. Editors select a small number of articles recently published in the journal that they believe will be particularly interesting to readers, or important in the respective research area. The aim is to provide a snapshot of some of the most exciting work published in the various research areas of the journal.

Original Submission Date Received: .

• Active Journals
• Find a Journal
• Proceedings Series
• For Authors
• For Reviewers
• For Editors
• For Librarians
• For Publishers
• For Societies
• For Conference Organizers
• Open Access Policy
• Institutional Open Access Program
• Special Issues Guidelines
• Editorial Process
• Research and Publication Ethics
• Article Processing Charges
• Testimonials
• Preprints.org
• SciProfiles
• Encyclopedia

Article Menu

• Subscribe SciFeed
• Recommended Articles
• Google Scholar
• on Google Scholar
• Table of Contents

Find support for a specific problem in the support section of our website.

Please let us know what you think of our products and services.

Visit our dedicated information section to learn more about MDPI.

JSmol Viewer

Uncertainty assessment of species distribution prediction using multiple global climate models on the tibetan plateau: a case study of gentiana yunnanensis and gentiana siphonantha.

1. Introduction

2. materials and methods, 2.1. study area, 2.2. species data, 2.3. climate and environment data, 2.4. global climate models, 2.5. species distribution modeling, 3.1. model performance, 3.2. current potential distribution, 3.3. future potential distribution simulations, 3.3.1. impacts of gcms on sdm, 3.3.2. range shift under future climate change with mme-4, 4. discussion, 5. conclusions, author contributions, data availability statement, acknowledgments, conflicts of interest.

Click here to enlarge figure

• Li, Q.; Xue, Y.K. Simulated impacts of land cover change on summer climate in the Tibetan Plateau. Environ. Res. Lett. 2010 , 5 , 12. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Shang, W.; Duan, K.Q.; Li, S.S.; Ren, X.J.; Huang, B. Simulation of the dipole pattern of summer precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau by CMIP6 models. Environ. Res. Lett. 2021 , 16 , 014047. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Cao, X.Y.; Zhou, B.R.; Zhou, H.K.; Qiao, B.; Yan, Y.Q.; Zhao, T.; Cheng, Q.; Zhao, H.F.; Yu, H.Y. Research progress on the impact of climate change on vegetation ecosystem in the Tibetan Plateau. J. Arid Meteorol. 2022 , 40 , 1068–1080. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Lu, C.X.; Xie, G.D.; Xiao, Y.; Yu, Y.J. Ecosystem diversity and economic valuation of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Acta Ecol. Sin. 2004 , 24 , 2749–2755. [ Google Scholar ]
• Li, Y.C.; Li, M.Y.; Li, C.; Liu, Z.Z. Optimized Maxent Model Predictions of Climate Change Impacts on the Suitable Distribution of Cunninghamia lanceolata in China. Forests 2020 , 11 , 302. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Nunez, S.; Arets, E.; Alkemade, R.; Verwer, C.; Leemans, R. Assessing the impacts of climate change on biodiversity: Is below 2 °C enough? Clim. Chang. 2019 , 154 , 351–365. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Thuiller, W. Biodiversity—Climate change and the ecologist. Nature 2007 , 448 , 550–552. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Liu, H.Y.; Mi, Z.R.; Lin, L.; Wang, Y.H.; Zhang, Z.H.; Zhang, F.W.; Wang, H.; Liu, L.L.; Zhu, B.A.; Cao, G.M.; et al. Shifting plant species composition in response to climate change stabilizes grassland primary production. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2018 , 115 , 4051–4056. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ] [ PubMed ]
• Shen, M.G.; Piao, S.L.; Jeong, S.J.; Zhou, L.M.; Zeng, Z.Z.; Ciais, P.; Chen, D.L.; Huang, M.T.; Jin, C.S.; Li, L.Z.X.; et al. Evaporative cooling over the Tibetan Plateau induced by vegetation growth. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2015 , 112 , 9299–9304. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Zhou, M.P.; Yu, Z.B.; Gu, H.H.; Ju, Q.; Gao, Y.Y.; Wen, L.; Huang, T.K.; Wang, W. Evaluation and projections of surface air temperature over the Tibetan Plateau from CMIP6 and CMIP5: Warming trend and uncertainty. Clim. Dyn. 2023 , 60 , 3863–3883. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Hu, H.W.; Wei, Y.Q.; Wang, W.Y.; Chen, Z.N. Potential spatial distributions of Tibetan antelope and protected areas on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. Biodivers. Conserv. 2024 , 33 , 1845–1867. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Karuno, A.P.; Mi, X.; Chen, Y.H.; Zou, D.H.; Gao, W.; Zhang, B.L.; Xu, W.; Jin, J.Q.; Shen, W.J.; Huang, S.; et al. Impacts of climate change on herpetofauna diversity in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Conserv. Biol. 2023 , 37 , 15. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ] [ PubMed ]
• Liu, D.T.; Chen, J.Y.; Sun, W.B. Distributional responses to climate change of two maple species in southern China. Ecol. Evol. 2023 , 13 , 11. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• He, X.; Burgess, K.S.; Gao, L.M.; Li, D.Z. Distributional responses to climate change for alpine species of Cyananthus and Primulaendemic to the Himalaya-Hengduan Mountains. Plant Divers. 2019 , 41 , 26–32. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ] [ PubMed ]
• You, J.L.; Qin, X.P.; Ranjitkar, S.; Lougheed, S.C.; Wang, M.C.; Zhou, W.; Ouyang, D.X.; Zhou, Y.; Xu, J.C.; Zhang, W.J.; et al. Response to climate change of montane herbaceous plants in the genus Rhodiola predicted by ecological niche modelling. Sci. Rep. 2018 , 8 , 12. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Cui, T.; Li, C.; Tian, F.Q. Evaluation of Temperature and Precipitation Simulations in CMIP6 Models Over the Tibetan Plateau. Earth Space Sci. 2021 , 8 , e2020EA001620. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Zhu, Y.Y.; Yang, S.N. Evaluation of CMIP6 for historical temperature and precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau and its comparison with CMIP5. Adv. Clim. Chang. Res. 2020 , 11 , 239–251. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Hu, Q.; Hua, W.; Yang, K.Q.; Ming, J.; Ma, P.; Zhao, Y.; Fan, G.Z. An assessment of temperature simulations by CMIP6 climate models over the Tibetan Plateau and differences with CMIP5 climate models. Theor. Appl. Climatol. 2022 , 148 , 223–236. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Zhang, C.; Qi, W.; Dong, J.W.; Deng, Y. How the CMIP6 climate models project the historical terrestrial GPP in China. Int. J. Climatol. 2022 , 42 , 9449–9461. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Jin, C.X.; Jiang, C.; Zhang, X.Y. Evaluation and Projection of Temperature in Southwestern China by CMIP6 Models. Chin. J. Agrometeorol. 2022 , 43 , 597–611. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Liang, Q.L.; Xu, X.T.i.; Mao, K.S.; Wang, M.C.; Wang, K.; Xi, Z.X.; Liu, J.Q. Shifts in plant distributions in response to climate warming in a biodiversity hotspot, the Hengduan Mountains. J. Biogeogr. 2018 , 45 , 1334–1344. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Yan, Y.J.; Li, Y.; Wang, W.J.; He, J.S.; Yang, R.H.; Wu, H.J.; Wang, X.L.; Jiao, L.; Tang, Z.Y.; Yao, Y.J. Range shifts in response to climate, change of Ophiocordyceps sinensis, a fungus endemic to the Tibetan Plateau. Biol. Conserv. 2017 , 206 , 143–150. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Yan, Y.J.; Tang, Z.Y. Protecting endemic seed plants on the Tibetan Plateau under future climate change: Migration matters. J. Plant Ecol. 2019 , 12 , 962–971. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Li, J.M.; Ehlers, T.A.; Werner, M.; Mutz, S.G.; Steger, C.; Paeth, H. Late quaternary climate, precipitation δ 18 O, and Indian monsoon variations over the Tibetan Plateau. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2017 , 457 , 412–422. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Lamsal, P.; Kumar, L.; Aryal, A.; Atreya, K. Future climate and habitat distribution of Himalayan Musk Deer Moschus chrysogaster. Ecol. Inform. 2018 , 44 , 101–108. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Peng, Y.Z.; Duan, A.; Hu, W.T.; Tang, B.; Li, X.Y.; Yang, X.Y. Observational constraint on the future projection of temperature in winter over the Tibetan Plateau in CMIP6 models. Environ. Res. Lett. 2022 , 17 , 034023. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Wang, C.J.; Wang, Z.M.; Wang, W.H.; Peng, X.J. Advances in chemical components and pharmacology of genus Gentiana . China J. Chin. Mater. Medica 2009 , 34 , 2987–2994. [ Google Scholar ]
• Mirzaee, F.; Hosseini, A.; Jouybari, H.B.; Davoodi, A.; Azadbakht, M. Medicinal, biological and phytochemical properties of Gentiana species. J. Tradit. Complement. Med. 2017 , 7 , 400–408. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ] [ PubMed ]
• Zheng, D. The system of physico-geographical regions of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau. Sci. China Ser. D 1996 , 39 , 410–417. [ Google Scholar ]
• Zhang, H.; Sun, J.; Xiong, J.N. Spatial-Temporal Patterns and Controls of Evapotranspiration across the Tibetan Plateau (2000–2012). Adv. Meteorol. 2017 , 2017 , 7082606. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Editorial Committee of Flora of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Gentianaceae in Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae ; Science Press: Beijing, China, 1988; Volume 62, pp. 14–75. [ Google Scholar ]
• Zhou, W.; Qin, Y.M.; Liu, X.L. Distribution and Evaluation of Medicinal Gentian Resources in Yunnan. Yunnan J. Tradit. Chin. Med. Mater. Medica 2015 , 36 , 81–83. [ Google Scholar ]
• Zhao, Z.L.; Su, J.; Wang, Z.H. Pharmacognostical studies on root of Gentiana siphonantha. Chin. Tradit. Herb. Drugs 2006 , 37 , 1875–1878. [ Google Scholar ]
• Hijmans, R.J. Raster: Geographic Data Analysis and Modeling. R package version 3.6.23. 2023. Available online: https://cran.r-project.org/package=raster (accessed on 22 August 2024).
• Wai, T.H.; Liang, X.; Xie, H.; Liu, L.; Pan, Y.; Xu, Y.; Zhao, L.; Xu, X. Global richness patterns of alpine genus Gentiana depend on multiple factors. Ecol. Evol. 2024 , 14 , e11366. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ] [ PubMed ]
• Breiner, F.T.; Guisan, A.; Bergamini, A.; Nobis, M.P. Overcoming limitations of modelling rare species by using ensembles of small models. Methods Ecol. Evol. 2015 , 6 , 1210–1218. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Di Cola, V.; Broennimann, O.; Petitpierre, B.; Breiner, F.T.; D’Amen, M.; Randin, C.; Engler, R.; Pottier, J.; Pio, D.; Dubuis, A.; et al. ecospat: An R package to support spatial analyses and modeling of species niches and distributions. Ecography 2017 , 40 , 774–787. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Lee, S.; Qi, J.Y.; McCarty, G.W.; Yeo, I.Y.; Zhang, X.S.; Moglen, G.E.; Du, L. Uncertainty assessment of multi-parameter, multi-GCM, and multi-RCP simulations for streamflow and non-floodplain wetland (NFW) water storage. J. Hydrol. 2021 , 600 , 126564. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Chauvier, Y.; Descombes, P.; Gueguen, M.; Boulangeat, L.; Thuiller, W.; Zimmermann, N.E. Resolution in species distribution models shapes spatial patterns of plant multifaceted diversity. Ecography 2022 , 2022 , e05973. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Liu, C.; Newell, G.; White, M. The effect of sample size on the accuracy of species distribution models: Considering both presences and pseudo-absences or background sites. Ecography 2019 , 42 , 535–548. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Trew, B.T.; Maclean, I.M.D. Vulnerability of global biodiversity hotspots to climate change. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 2021 , 30 , 768–783. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Zu, K.L.; Wang, Z.H.; Zhu, X.Y.; Lenoir, J.; Shrestha, N.; Lyu, T.; Luo, A.; Li, Y.Q.; Ji, C.J.; Peng, S.J.; et al. Upward shift and elevational range contractions of subtropical mountain plants in response to climate change. Sci. Total Environ. 2021 , 783 , 146896. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Gholami, H.; Lotfirad, M.; Ashrafi, S.M.; Biazar, S.M.; Singh, V.P. Multi-GCM ensemble model for reduction of uncertainty in runoff projections. Stoch. Environ. Res. Risk Assess. 2023 , 37 , 953–964. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Keilman, N. Modelling education and climate change. Nat. Sustain. 2020 , 3 , 497–498. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Della Rocca, F.; Bogliani, G.; Breiner, F.T.; Milanesi, P. Identifying hotspots for rare species under climate change scenarios: Improving saproxylic beetle conservation in Italy. Biodivers. Conserv. 2019 , 28 , 433–449. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Garza, G.; Rivera, A.; Barrera, C.S.V.; Martinez-Avalos, J.G.; Dale, J.; Arroyo, T.P.F. Potential Effects of Climate Change on the Geographic Distribution of the Endangered Plant Species Manihot walkerae. Forests 2020 , 11 , 689. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• McSweeney, C.F.; Jones, R.G.; Lee, R.W.; Rowell, D.P. Selecting CMIP5 GCMs for downscaling over multiple regions. Clim. Dyn. 2015 , 44 , 3237–3260. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Barbet-Massin, M.; Jiguet, F.; Albert, C.H.; Thuiller, W. Selecting pseudo-absences for species distribution models: How, where and how many? Methods Ecol. Evol. 2012 , 3 , 327–338. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]

Share and Cite

Song, Y.; Xu, X.; Zhang, S.; Chi, X. Uncertainty Assessment of Species Distribution Prediction Using Multiple Global Climate Models on the Tibetan Plateau: A Case Study of Gentiana yunnanensis and Gentiana siphonantha . Land 2024 , 13 , 1376. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13091376

Song Y, Xu X, Zhang S, Chi X. Uncertainty Assessment of Species Distribution Prediction Using Multiple Global Climate Models on the Tibetan Plateau: A Case Study of Gentiana yunnanensis and Gentiana siphonantha . Land . 2024; 13(9):1376. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13091376

Song, Yuxin, Xiaoting Xu, Shuoying Zhang, and Xiulian Chi. 2024. "Uncertainty Assessment of Species Distribution Prediction Using Multiple Global Climate Models on the Tibetan Plateau: A Case Study of Gentiana yunnanensis and Gentiana siphonantha " Land 13, no. 9: 1376. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13091376

Article Metrics

Article access statistics, further information, mdpi initiatives, follow mdpi.

Subscribe to receive issue release notifications and newsletters from MDPI journals