economics topics for presentation class 12

Economics Presentations for Class 12

Macro economics: part 1, chapter 1: introduction to macroeconomics and its concepts, chapter 2: national income and related aggregates, chapter 3: national income - basic concepts, chapter 4: national income measurements, chapter 5: money, chapter 6: banking, chapter 7: national income determination and multiplier, chapter 8: government budget and the economy, chapter 9: foreign exchange rate, chapter 10: balance of payment.

Sandeep Garg

V K Publication

Radha Bahuguna

Indian economic development: part 2, chapter 1: indian economy on the eve of independence, chapter 2: indian economy 1950-1990, chapter 3: liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation -an appraisal, chapter 4: poverty, chapter 5: human capital formation in india, chapter 6: rural development, chapter 7: employment-growth, informalisation, and related issues, chapter 8: infrastructure, chapter 9: environment sustainable development, chapter 10: comparative development experience of india with its neighbours.

Oswal Gurukul

Oswaal Q. Bank

I C Dhingra

Rachna Sagar

Master Mind

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NCERT Macro

फुल मार्क्स (हिंदी)

अर्थशास्त्र (हिंदी)

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Respected sir/Madam,I am not able to open presentations of economics class 12..pls do some necessary steps to solve my problem..thank you

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Respected Madam/Sir, kindly share the ppt of the chapter 1: Introduction to the Macroeconomics and it’s concepts.

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CBSE Class 12 Economics Project Topics 2023: List of Ideas, Guidelines

Manali Ganguly ,

Mar 4, 2024

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CBSE class 12 Economics Project Topics 2023 are Strategy of Inclusive Growth, Minimum Support Prices, The Components of Government Budget, Micro Scale and Small Scale Industries in India, and many more. Following the guidelines is crucial to fetching marks in the project.

CBSE class 12 Economics Project Topics 2024 include Expenditure on Health in the States, Minimum Support Prices, Credit Availability Trends in India, Waste Management System in India and more. CBSE has laid down guidelines for the project which must be followed by the students.

The project is crucial to developing an overall understanding of the topic for the students. Through the project, the students gain a practical knowledge of the issues discussed. It helps them understand the theoretical components of their syllabus concerning the practical world.

This article will list down the most trending and popular topics for the CBSE class 12 Economics project alongside briefly discussing the guidelines given by the board for the preparation of the project.

Table of Contents

List of CBSE Class 12 Economics Project Topics 2024

Cbse class 12 economics project guidelines, cbse class 12 economics project: marks distribution, checklist for cbse class 12 economics project.

Here’s a list of project topics for CBSE class 12 Economics. Students must pick a topic of which they have a thorough knowledge. Selection of the topic for a project is crucial to the assessment of one’s project.

The list of topics for the CBSE class 12 Economics project has been shared below:

• The Existing Food Supply Channel of India
• Micro Scale and Small Scale Industries in India
• Contemporary Employment Situation in India
• The Impact of the Goods and Services Tax Act on GDP
• The Disinvestment Policy: Pros and Cons
• Expenditure on Health in the States
• Strategy of Inclusive Growth
• Human Development Index
• Self-help or Independent Group
• Monetary Policy Committee: Functions
• Credit Availability Trends in India
• What is the Role of RBI in the Controlling of Credit
• Comment on India's Budgetary Condition
• The Components of Government Budget
• What are the Reasons for the Currency War? What are its Repercussions?
• Determination of Exchange Rate: Techniques and Methods
• Is Livestock the Backbone of Rural India? Comment
• What are the Cost Ratio Benefits of the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan?
• Types of Alternative Fuel and their Importance
• What are the Cost Ratio Benefits of the Golden Quadrilateral?
• Relation between Stock Price Index and A Nation's Economic Health of a Nation
• Minimum Support Prices
• Minimum Wage Rate: Approach, Application
• Waste Management System in India
• Is Digital India a Step Forward?
• Vertical Farming: An Alternative
• Water Crisis and Rain Water Harvesting
• Silk Route: Reviving the past
• Is Bumper Production a Boon or Bane to the farmers
• Made in India: A Road to Progress
• Analysing the Trend in Rise of the Concrete Jungle
• Aatmanirbhar Bharat
• Is Organic Farming a Way Back to Nature
• The Economic Crisis in Sri Lanka
• Pros and Cons of a Cashless Economy
• Environmental Crisis
• A Comparative Study Between Economies (Any 3 Economies)
• Economic Relevance of G-20
• Sustainable Development Goals
• New Education Policy 2020: A New System of Education
• Comment on Amrit Kaal
• Function and Importance of the Central Bank
• Unemployment and Subsequent Poverty in India
• Export Promotion and Import Substitution
• Education Sector of India: Growth
• India’s Growing Health Sector
• Economic Trends in the Post-Covid Era
• How Commercial Banks Work: A Detailed Study
• Brexit: Pros and Cons

Read More:  CBSE Class 12 English Project Guide 2024: Topics, Guidelines

The CBSE class 12 Economics project topics 2024 is a step toward enhancing the practical concept of the students for what they learn in their curriculum. They learn how to apply the economic principles that they learn in the pages of the book can be applied to the practical world. The project guidelines were released by CBSE on the official website.

The important points to be remembered that will make the project are:

• The project must have a word length of 3500 to 4000 words.
• The project must preferably be handwritten.
• One project will be allotted in a single academic session.
• The project must be original and must showcase an independent piece of study.

Read More:  100+ ASL Topics for CBSE Students 2024

The CBSE class 12 Economics Project Topics 2024 is very crucial in the assessment of the student. The distribution of marks for the CBSE class 12 Economics project 2024 is given in the table below.

Read More: CBSE Class 12th Economics Syllabus 2024-24: Download PDF

The checklist for the CBSE class 12 Economics project topics 2024 has been shared below. The project must contain all the below-mentioned components.

• An introduction of the title or topic
• Identification and an understanding of the causes and consequences of the subject in question along with the remedies
• Describe the stakeholders along with the effect that each one of them faces
• Pros and cons of the issues or situations discussed
• Understanding the short-term as well as the long-term application of the economic plans and strategies that are mentioned in the research course
• Four points to take care of - reliability of the issues discussed, validity of the issues, appropriateness of the data that is used in the project
• The writing and presentation of the issue or topic must be such that it seems spontaneous within the project.
• Citation is very crucial. Citation and reference must be given through the bibliography, resources section, and the footnotes

Read More:  Speech Writing Format: Samples for Class 11 & 12

What are the CBSE class 12 Economics project topics?

What is the marks allotted for CBSE class 12 Economics project?

What marks are allotted to the viva voce?

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Class 12 Economics Project, Overview, Sample Projects

Get expert guidance, topics, and marking scheme for Class 12 Economics Projects. Develop analytical skills and explore real-world economics. A step-by-step guide to excel in your project.

October 16, 2023

Table of Contents

Class 12 Economics Projects:  The Class 12 Economics Project is a great chance for the students to engage in independent research, develop critical thinking skills, and enhance their analytical abilities.

By studying different economic theories, and models, you will gain valuable insights into how markets work, the impact of economic policies, and the global economic landscape.

Class 12 Economics Projects  examine the basic concepts and theories that form the foundation of these subjects and show you how they are applied in real-life scenarios through case studies, data analysis, and economic simulations.

Throughout this guide, we will provide step-by-step instructions, useful resources, and examples to help you create an outstanding  Class 12 Economics Project . Whether you decide to explore the impact of government policies on the agricultural sector, analyze how globalization affects the job market, or investigate the role of technology in economic growth.

Remember, the  Class 12 Economics Project  is an opportunity to earn marks and deepen your understanding of the dynamic field of  economics . This article will cover various topics related to the  Class 12 Economics Exam .

These include microeconomics (the study of individual economic behavior), macroeconomics (the study of the overall economy), international trade, fiscal and monetary policies, economic development, and more.

Objectives of Class 12 Economics Project

The Class 12 Economics Project workaims to achieve the following objectives:

• Delve deeper into the theoretical concepts learned in Class 12.
• Analyze and evaluate real-world economic scenarios using theoretical constructs and arguments.
• Demonstrate an understanding of economic theory.
• Explore areas of economics that students find interesting.
• Develop communication skills to present logical arguments effectively.

Guidelines for Class 12 Economics Projects

Here are the expectations and guidelines for the Class 12 Economics Projectwork :

• Students should complete only  ONE project  during each academic session.
• The project should be approximately 3,500-4,000 words in length (excluding diagrams and graphs), preferably handwritten.
• The project should be an independent and self-directed study.

Class 12 Economics Projects: Teacher’s Role

• The teacher is crucial in guiding the students throughout the project work.
• The teacher should help students select a topic based on recent news media extracts, government policies, and reports from institutions like RBI, NITI Aayog, IMF/World Bank, etc.
• The teacher should act as a facilitator and supervisor, monitoring the progress of the project work through periodic discussions.
• The teacher should guide research and direct students to relevant data sources.
• The teacher should educate students about plagiarism and emphasize the importance of citing sources to maintain the authenticity of their research.
• The teacher should prepare students for the presentation of their project work. A presentation of the project file should be arranged.

Scope of the Class 12 Economics Project

Students can follow these suggested steps while working on their  Class 12 Economics project:

• Choose a title or topic for the project.
• Collect research materials and data related to the topic.
• Organize the collected materials and data.
• Present the materials and data in a clear and structured manner.
• Analyze the materials and data to draw relevant conclusions.
• Present the conclusions effectively.

Class 12 Economics Project: Expected Checklist

The  Class 12 Economics project  should include the following components:

• Introduction of the topic/title.
• Identification of causes, consequences, and/or remedies related to the topic.
• Consideration of various stakeholders and the impact on each of them.
• Discussion of advantages and disadvantages of identified situations or issues.
• Evaluation of short-term and long-term implications of economic strategies suggested during the research.
• Ensuring the validity, reliability, appropriateness, and relevance of the data used in the research and presentation.
• Succinct and coherent presentation and writing in the project file.
• Proper citation of the preferred materials in footnotes, resources section, bibliography, etc.

Class 12 Economics Project: Mode of presentation/submission

At the end of the designated term, students will present their research work in the Project File to both the External and Internal examiners.

The examiners will ask questions based on the research work presented in the file. The Internal Examiner should verify that the study submitted by the student is their original work. In case of any doubts, the authenticity should be checked and verified.

By following these guidelines, students can successfully complete their economics projects, showcase their understanding of the subject, and develop important skills for future endeavors.

Class 12 Economics Project: Marking Scheme

Class 12 Economics Project: List of Topics

Below, we have mentioned the  topics for the Class 12 Economics Project  suggested by  CBSE . Students can do any other topic of their choice.

Class 12 Economics Project FAQs

The Class 12 Economics Project is done to help students do their own research, think critically, and improve their analytical skills. It lets them apply economic theories to real-life situations and understand how markets work and how economic policies affect the world.

The goals of the Class 12 Economics Project are to explore theoretical concepts in depth, analyze real-world economic situations, demonstrate an understanding of economic theory, explore topics that interest students, and improve communication skills.

Students should complete only ONE project during each academic session.

The Class 12 Economics Project covers various topics such as microeconomics, macroeconomics, international trade, fiscal and monetary policies, economic development, and more. Students are encouraged to study these topics through case studies, data analysis, and economic simulations.

The Class 12 Economics Project should include an introduction to the topic, identification of causes and consequences, consideration of different stakeholders, analysis of advantages and disadvantages, evaluation of economic strategies, and proper citation of research materials.

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Class 12 Economics Sample Papers, PDF Download, Exam Pattern

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Economics Project for Class 12

• Updated on  
• Jun 20, 2023

Economics is a branch of Social Sciences that has a great influence on society. One of the fast-changing fields, Economics demands a deeper study of current economic trends that influence the financial stability of a country. In senior secondary education, basic concepts are covered and an overview of advanced concepts gives you a fine grounding in the subject and prepares you for higher education in the field. Project work comprises an important part of the class 12 Economics syllabus. Besides studying the theoretical aspect of the subject, it is imperative to understand the practical aspect of it by studying case studies and examining current economic trends in various countries. If you are looking for an idea for an Economics project for class 12 , read on to know all about it.

This Blog Includes:

Best topics for economics project for class 12, more topics for economics project for cbse 2020-21, banking sector reforms, tax reforms, digital india movement, import substitution vs export promotion, impact of macroeconomic variables on values of currencies, price determination, opportunity cost, demand and its determinants, production – returns to a factor, sample economics project for class 12.

The core objective of the project work is to equip you with the skills to observe and understand economics. At the senior secondary stage, you will understand the abstract ideas, exercise the power of critical thinking and develop a perception that is unique to you. At this stage, you will be exposed to the rigour of the subject in a systematic way. The economics project for class 12th is aimed at helping you probe deeper into the application part of the subject. Besides this, it is to lay emphasis on the role of Economics in nation-building and tackling the issues faced in the field.

Economics is a vast subject and needs an in-depth study of each concept. One of the most dynamic subjects, Economics Studies GDP, Taxation, Import and Export, Budget, etc. When it comes to making an Economics project for class 12th, there are a number of options but choosing a topic can be an exhausting task. Take a look at the table below to know the best topics for Economics Project for Class 12 CBSE 2020-21:

• Digital India Movement in India
• Monopolistic Competition
• Supply and its Determinants
• Demonetization in India
• Price Discrimination
• Budget Deficit
• Cost Function and Cost Curve
• Credit Creation
• Balance of Payment
• Production Possibility Curve
• The Central Bank and its Functions

Before you check more Economics project topics for class 12, find out the difference between Macro and Micro Economics !

Along with the aforementioned ones, here are some more topics for Economics Project for Class 12:

• Principles of Management
• Foreign Exchange Market
• Exchange Rate System
• Development of the Indian Economy
• Money Multiplier
• Government Budgets and its Components
• Basic Principles of
• Evolution of the Barter System
• Cashless Economy

Description of Economics Project for Class 12

We have explained some of the above-mentioned topics in detail here:

Under the banking sector reforms, you need to talk in detail about the reforms that the banking sector underwent and the impact of it on the economy as a whole. Starting with how the economic policy of liberalisation changed the financial scenario of India, you need to bring in a detailed study of every reform and the thinking behind these reforms. Also, before getting into the reforms, a brief overview of what triggered these reforms should be given.  The key points that you can talk about are the following:

• Reduction of Statutory Liquidity Rate (SLR)and Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR)
• Deregulation of interest rates 
• Allowing foreign banks to open branches in India with regard to the liberalisation policy
• How the reforms changed the position of RBI from being a regulator to a facilitator 

In a project on Tax reforms, you need to talk about three important things. Firstly, what are tax reforms? Secondly, why there was a need for tax reforms in India. Thirdly, what were these reforms that were brought in fourthly, what was the impact of these reforms on the economy and if this impact was what the government was planning to achieve through the reforms. The key topics of the project are the following: 

• India’s fiscal policy
• Types of taxes (Indirect and direct taxes)
• Change in tax rates 
• Simplification of the fiscal system
• Tax evasion

Under the topic digital India movement you need to chart the whole teleology of the digital India Movement. Basically, you need to give an overview of how this movement started, yeh thought process behind it, the impact of this movement and also what is your take on this entire movement. Some key topics that you can include are the following: 

• Awareness of the Digital India project
• Adoption of the digital India policy by people coming from rural areas
• Effectiveness of digitalisation
• Digital India and foreign trade 
• The overall impact of the Digital India Movement

Important substitution and export promotion are the two key trade policy reforms and both of them are quite different from one another. So, in the project, you need to discuss the trade policy reforms in detail, then go on to talk about what is import substitution and export promotion and how both of them are different from one another. To conclude you need to bring it all together and throw light on what did the government hope to achieve by bringing in these two policies. So key topics that you can include in the project are the following: 

• Phases of Export Promotion
• Export promotion council of India
• Objectives behind the export promotion
• Export promotion policies
• History of import substitution
• Objectives behind import substitution
• Measures for important substitution

For this project, you need to talk in detail about how different economic variables impact the values of currencies or the exchange rate. Some key economic variables that you need to discuss in relation to the value of currency are as follows: 

• Inflation rate
• Balance of payment
• Import and export value
• Monetary policy

In this project, you need to discuss how the prices are determined in different forms of the market. It will involve a detailed understanding of different forms of market, their structures, graphs and other data related to price determination. The key topics that you can include in the project are the following: 

• Types of market
• Perfect competition and price determination
• Monopoly market and price determination
• Monopolist market and price determination
• Oligopoly and price determination

A project on opportunity cost must cover the following topics. 

• What is the opportunity cost
• Opportunity cost graph
• Examples of opportunity cost
• How to calculate opportunity cost
• Applications of opportunity cost (Determining factor prices, Determining economic rent, Consumption pattern decisions, Determining factor prices, Product plan decisions, Decisions about national priorities)
• Types of opportunity cost (Explicit cost, implicit cost and marginal opportunity cost?

A project on demand and its determinants must cover the following keys topics:

• What is demand
• Demand curve and schedule
• Law of demand
• Exceptions of the law of demand
• An Introduction to Determinants of Demand
• Different determinants of demand ( price of the product, income of the consumer, taste and preference of the consumer, price of related goods, etc.) and how they impact the demand of a commodity. 

Returns to factor is an important law of production, making it one of the important components of economic study. A project on returns to factor must cover the following topics:

• What are the factors of production
• Variable factors
• Fixed factors
• Diminishing returns to scale
• Total/Average/Marginal productivity

The project must cover all the topics related to the monopoly market. In short, a protection on monopoly market must cover all the below-mentioned topics:

• What is a monopoly market and its features
• Reasons for an emergency of monopoly
• Types of monopoly
• Can a monopoly market be harmful to the economy
• Market structures related to a monopoly market

To help you create a high-score economics project, here is a useful sample you can refer to for Economics Project for Class 12:

Ans. Apart from the Economics project class 12 topics mentioned above, here are some additional topics that can help you with the making of an excellent project:  The contemporary employment situation in India Aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic  Micro and small-scale business Food supply channel in India Disinvestment Policy Health expenditure (You can pick a district or a small state for this analysis) Good and Service tax Inclusive growth strategy Human development index

Ans. Different schools and examination boards follow separate guidelines for Economics project class 12. The best option is to take advice from your teachers on the same. Make sure your project is 100% authentic. To get some additional points, try to target an ongoing Economic issue. 

Ans. To make a class 12 project, you need to follow the guidelines issued by the official board of examination. Get your project topic approved by your teacher before you start working on it. And try to keep the project original, avoid copying other people’s ideas!

Class 12 Economics – CBSE Course Structures

Structure and syllabus of class 12 macroeconomics.

Economics is a fascinating subject that has bright career prospects. With two Nobel Laureates in Economics Amartya Sen and Abhijeet Banerjee belonging to India, the subject has seen many takers. The economics project for class 12th will give you a practical understanding of the subject and prepare you for higher education in the field. While you prepare for your 12th-class exams, you can plan your future education with Leverage Edu . Our experts will prepare a career map for your educational plans and help you get admission to your desired university. 

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10 comments

Can we choose three framer bills as a topic for economics project

I need a full finished project on Trends in credit availability in India

Hey Tejashree!

You can use the sample project shown in the blog as a guide for your own project. Thank you!

Can anyone has complete project of economics on tax reforms in India

Hi , can you also explain the money multiplier topic also please .

This article might help you out- https://leverageedu.com/blog/money-multiplier/

This has helped me a lot in the topic selection of my economic project.

Hi Sameer, We are thrilled and glad to know that our blog has managed to help you out with an interesting topic selection for your Class 12th Economics Project. We would like to wish you all the best for your upcoming Board exams. Here are some top searches listed below that we would like to recommend you: https://leverageedu.com/blog/class-10th-and-class-12th-date-sheet/ https://leverageedu.com/blog/cbse-board-exam/ https://leverageedu.com/blog/class-12-economics/

I need a full finished project on climate change in India

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CBSE Class 12 Economics Project Guide 2023-24

• CBSE Board , Class 12th
• Last Updated On April 2, 2024

Class 12 Economics Project plays an important role for commerce student’s economics Project Topics For Class 12. However, a few students would be nervous about how and what to prepare for the economics project. There are many students who hesitate to prepare the project report files, but now students need not worry, this article is a complete CBSE Class 12 Economics Project Guide for 2023-24. 

Latest Update Regarding class 12 Economics Project Work

According to CBSE’s new guidelines, students who earlier had to go to their respective schools for project submissions can now directly submit to the CBSE’s official website. Due to increasing Covid cases, CBSE is taking every possible action in view to keep the students and teachers safe. You can visit the link below to submit your class 12 projects.

Visit Link- Submission for Cbse class 12 Economics Studies Project 

The project work comprises high weightage that helps students in raising their final exams percentage. It consists of 20 Marks where ‘Relevance of the topic’ has 3 Marks, Research work has 6 marks, Presentation Technique has 3 marks, while Viva has the highest weightage of 8 marks which is based on Economics Project Topics For Class 12 and some topics to be covered in Class 12 Economics Syllabus 2023-24 . 

CBSE Class 12 Economics Project Guidelines

Objectives of class 12 economics project, class 12 economics project marking scheme, cbse class 12 economics project: scope.

• How to Prepare the Class 12 Economics Project?
• Best Class 12 Economics Project Ideas

CBSE Class 12 Economics

The project work in economics for Class 12 aims to achieve the following objectives:

• Understand deeper into the theoretical concepts learned in Class.
• Analyze and evaluate real-world economic scenarios using theoretical constructs and arguments.
• Demonstrate an understanding of economic theory.
• Explore areas of economics that students find interesting.
• Develop communication skills to present logical arguments effectively.

Students can check the below table showing the CBSE 12th Economics Project Marking Scheme/Marks Distribution. The whole project comprises 20 Marks including all the important points to be covered in a report file including viva. 

Marks are suggested to be given as –  

We have provided the flow chart suggesting the scope of the economics project. Students can work on the following points one by one and you would be able to prepare the scoring report file. 

How to Prepare the Economics Project for Class 12?

Students can follow some of the Economics Project Guidelines before starting a project report: 

• Students can ask different topic ideas from their respective teachers.
• Students can prepare their projects in a group taking a single topic but all students need to prepare their individual Project files.
• Choose a relevant topic to your Class 12 Economics Syllabus.
• Discuss your topic with your teacher and ask for the required suggestions.
• Be aware of what you are preparing to present before the examiner.
• Your project file should be different from other students, at least 40%. Cut short the long stories on any topic.
• Do complete research on the topic before jumping into the preparations. Do not exaggerate the single topic. It is important to manifest everything about the title of the project work. Students are .supposed to focus on the specific features and write about them short and precise.
• Taking proper guidance with your teachers is very essential for students to get the complete details on the chosen topic.

Best 12th Grade Economics Project Ideas

Students can select any Economics Project Topics For Class 12  and discuss them with their subject teacher. 

• Theories of utility (Ordinal and cardinal Approach).
• Money And Banking Class 12 Project or Central Bank’s functions with special reference to RBI.
• 12th-grade Economics Project On Government Budget And Its Components Economics Project On Employment For Class 12.
• The shift of India’s development parameters from agricultural to manufacturing units and service sectors over 50 years period.
• Monopolistic competition.
• Imperfect competition and Market failure.
• The growth of India’s automobile sector in the last 20 years with special reference to FDI.
• Import Substitution v/s export promotion.
• Govt Budget Project Class 12 or Banking Sector Reforms.
• Class 12 Economics Project On Role Of RBI In Control Of Credit.
• Self Help Groups Project Class 12
• Production- Returns to a factor
• Latest topics: Economics Project On Make In India or Class 12 Economics Project On Digital India
• Economics Project On Demonetisation For Class 12
• Economics Project On Environment And Sustainable Development

It is always said, to score very good marks, students should practice Class 12 Economics Sample Paper 2023-24 . Students can also solve the previous year’s Economics question paper to get an idea about the format of the final exam question paper. Project work needs to be completed with authentic information and research work. Students can read Class 12 NCERT Economics Books in a PDF format.  

If students need to get the complete information about the Class 12 Economics Commerce Subject, then students can simply refer to the revised and updated Class 12 Economics Guide 2023-24.  

Students who are looking for FREE ECONOMICS ONLINE CLASSES can join VidyaSetu which is the top online education portal for students. For attending the regular classes, students can simply join via the official website through free registrations or subscribe to the VidyaSetu YouTube Channel. Click here to Join . 

Students can go through the complete CBSE Class 12 Economics Project Guide that will help them in preparing their scoring project report file. This article contains Economics Project For Class 12 PDFs, Economics Project Guidelines, Economics Project Topics For Class 12, Scope of the Economics Project, Marking Scheme, and many more. Students can also join VidyaSetu free online classes for preparations for the Economics class 12 Exams. Vidya Setu also provides the NCERT class 12 Economics solutions so that students can get all their doubts cleared. 

Q1. How to prepare for the Class 12 Economics Project?

A1. Students can refer to this Economics Project Guide to get complete information on project guidelines. 

Q2. Can we get an Economics Project For Class 12 Topic Idea from the NCERT Books?

A2. Yes, students can choose any topic from the class 12 Economics Syllabus or NCERT Book and start preparing the whole project. 

Q3. Is it compulsory to prepare CBSE Class 12 Economics Project?

A3. Yes, it is compulsory to prepare a well-researched Economics Project For the Class 12 File because it consists of a 20 Marks Project File. 

Q4: How to prepare for Economics Project Topics For Class 12 Viva-Voice?

A4: Students need to only have a well-research done on their topics chosen for the Economics Project for class 12. Examiner will ask the project topic-related questions. 

Hope, the Class 12 Economics Project Guide 2023-24 has helped you in getting the complete details on how to prepare a good project. If you have any query related to any subject, you can ask in the comment section or mail us at [email protected] .

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10 Best Economics Project Topics for Class 12th and Much More

So, you are seeking economics project topics for class 12th. Well, let Duniakagyan help you out.

Economics is an extensive subject. It covers everything from human experiences and behaviors to the economy as a whole. As the world has grown more complex, economics now includes elements of sociology, technology, philosophy, and other subjects. We can safely say that modern economics is much more than studying the production, distribution, and consumption of products & services. Instead, it’s a part of our personal and professional lives and a gateway to limitless possibilities.

In short, economics is an important subject in high and senior secondary schools. Here’s why.

1. Understanding the Economy :

When taught in schools, economics helps develop people with an in-depth understanding of how the economy operates at micro and macro levels. As a student, you get to develop a knowledge of some complex concepts, such as supply and demand, market structures, inflation, international trade, globalization, unemployment, financial policies, and economic indicators among others.

2. Prepares Informed Citizens :

As a subject, economics creates informed citizens who know how public policy and the economy go hand in hand. You, as a student, develop a deeper understanding of the economic challenges faced by the country, such as poverty, unemployment, taxation, and income disparity. The understanding allows you to rationally analyze different economic policies, and make educated voting decisions.

3. Develop a Global Perspective :

We are living in a globalized world where economies are connected and interdependent. Economics helps you understand economic globalization, how it impacts different countries, the opportunities it offers, and the challenges it faces. Therefore, you end up developing a global perspective.

4. Promotes Finance Management :

Economics even teaches you how to manage your personal finances and prepare for the future. You learn how to grow your income, create a budget, save for the future, invest at the right age in the right places, and when and how to borrow. This knowledge can be beneficial in the long term.

5. Helps Develop Rationality :

When studying economics, you learn to assess and analyze real-world issues and find solutions for the same by applying logical reasoning and relevant economics principles. That helps you develop a problem-solving mindset, which is important for success in social, personal, and professional life.

6. Gives Headstart to a Career :

If you are interested in pursuing a career in economics, business, finance, or related disciplines, studying economics at the senior secondary level is important. Also, the concepts you study here are vital for a career as an entrepreneur, public policy expert, lawyer, journalist, and other roles that require financial decision-making. Think of economics as a jumping-off point for great careers.

While the importance of economics as a subject cannot be denied, why do you need to complete an economics project?

An economics project can help you understand complex concepts and develop a life-long love for the subject. That’s why CBSE requires class 12 students to create an economics project. While the written exam accounts for 80% of marks, the rest 20% is decided through internal assessment. As such, an impressive project can help you to achieve better internal assessment grades, which will improve your overall score. With admissions to important courses being decided by a very narrow margin, these extra marks can help you get admission to the desired course and college.

CBSE Guidelines for Economics Project for Class 12 (2021-22) 

CBSE lists the following objective of the class 12th economics projects:

• Produce deeper personal inquiry, initiate action, and reflect on knowledge, skills, views, etc., acquired in classes 11 and 12.
• Analyze and evaluate real-world economic scenarios using theoretical constructs and arguments
• Demonstrate the application of critical and creative thinking skills and abilities to produce an independent and extended piece of work
• Follow-up aspects in which learners have an interest & develop the communication skills to argue logically

According to CBSE, the student can work on the project in the following sequence:

• Step-1 : Choose a title/topic
• Step-2 : Collect the research material/data
• Step-3 : Organize material/data
• Step-4 : Present material/data
• Step-5 : Analyze the material/data for the conclusion
• Step-6 : Draw the relevant conclusion
• Step-7 : Present the Project Work

Per CBSE, the economics project should include the following specifications:  

• Introduction of topic/title
• Identifying the causes, events, consequences, and/or remedies
• Various stakeholders and the effect on each of them
• Advantages and disadvantages of situations or issues identified
• Short-term and long-term implications of strategies suggested in the course of research
• Validity, reliability, appropriateness, and relevance of data used for research work and for presentation in the project file
• Presentation and writing that is concise and coherent in the project file
• Citation of the materials in the file in the footnotes, resources section, bibliography, etc.

Things to consider when creating an economics project for class 12th

Keeping CBSE guidelines in mind, here is a complete strategy to choose and execute the best economics project topics for class 12th.

• Choose the topic wisely: 

Economics is a broad subject, giving you plenty of topics. However, it’s advisable to choose carefully, as the choice of your topic will determine how good the project is and how much time and effort it will entail. So, keep the following tips in mind when opting for the topic.

• The topic should have ample material to research, analyze and present.
• Working on a topic is easier and more rewarding if it interests you.
• Having some prior knowledge of the topic can result in quick output.
• If the topic is related to your course, expect to score well in your written exam.
• Choosing a more straightforward topic can help you prepare well for Viva’s voice.
• Avoid choosing a lengthy topic if you are short on time.
• Research, Research & Research: 

Regardless of your economics project topic, there’s no alternative to research. You need to research sufficient information to present in your project and stay prepared for the viva voce. Mind you, the more in-depth the research is, the better the topic will evolve, with data and stats pouring in from all directions. To start with, it’s wise to focus on descriptive research.

For example, if your topic is “The Digital India Movement”, you gather information on the characteristics of the movement. That’s descriptive research for you. Once done, it’s time to explore its causes, effects, and other relevant information. Getting into the details is recommended to draw a logical conclusion based on factual data. Plus, stats make the project look authentic.

Tip : For research, rely only on credible books and web resources. The last thing you want is to produce faulty information. Also, mark the resources you access information from for the bibliography.

• Organize the Information: 

After the research part, it’s time to organize all the information you gathered. Again, the gathered information in the Digital India Movement project should have the following sequence:

• Introduction
• Characteristics
• How it works

Tips : Ensure the introduction contains the launch date, vision, objectives, and other relevant information. Also, stuff in plenty of stats and data to build your argument and draw a conclusion.

• Present it Well :

If you fail to present the researched information well, the quality of your economics project for class 12 will suffer, and so will your overall score. Here is how to keep the presentation above par.

• Explain the topic in detail without dragging the information or resorting to verbose.
• Define each term you use in the project to make it easier for everyone to understand.
• Prefer using an active voice, staying consistent with the tense, and avoiding negativity in language.
• Present information through pictures, figures, graphs, and infographics wherever possible.
• Avoid over-decorating the file. Instead, keep it neat, simple, and professional.

Inclusions:

Don’t forget to include the following components in the same sequence:

• Front Page : Think of it as the window to your project, featuring Project Title, Author Name, School Name, Teacher’s Name, Contact information, and a concise introduction to the topic.
• Acknowledgment : Herein, you thank your teacher, school, or any person or institution who helped you at any project stage.
• Certificate : A dually signed certificate adds credibility to your project. Here’s a sample certificate:

This is to certify that …….(your name)…….. of class 12 has completed his/her project on topic …….(project name)…….. under the guidance of Mr./Miss/Mrs. ……….(teacher’s name)……. during the academic session….(year)……. in line with the CBSE guidelines.

Utilize the space below this for the signatures of the external examiner & your teacher.

4. Content Index: You should list the project’s contents, preferably in table form. Also, state page numbers alongside the subtopic.

5. The Project Work : It is the soul of your project where you present info and shape arguments.

6. Bibliography : Last but not least, state all references you used for the project.

Top 10 Economics Project Topics for Class 12th

Here are the top 10 best economics project topics for class 12th students.

1. Demonetization

Demonetization is among the most sought-after economics project topics for 11th and 12th. Why? Well, six years on, the world is still arguing about demonetization’s success. So, you can build an argument for or against it with facts & figures. Plus, the material is plenty for you to research.

What to Include? 

1. introduction :.

You can start by defining demonetization and also give a historical background to it as well. Also, discuss the goals of demonetization in brief with reference to demonetization in other countries, such as the USA, Ghana, Nigeria, Myanmar, the Soviet Union, and Australia at different points in time.

2. Implementation and Policy Details :

In this section, you are free to deal with how the process of demonization unfolded. You can include the measures the government of India took to smoothen the process. These may include withdrawal limits, exchange procedures, new currency introduction, and more. Keep it short and informative.

3. Impact on the Economy :

Now, it’s time to discuss how the move impacted the economy in the short as well as the long term. It’s important to discuss the GDP, inflation, fiscal deficit, employment, and other crucial economic indicators here. Also, don’t forget to detail how the move impacted key sectors, such as agriculture, manufacturing, and services, alongside stakeholders like businesses, consumers, and more.

4. Black Money, Tax Evasion & Corruption :

The demonetization was aimed at countering black money, tax evasion, large-scale corruption, and terror funding. So, you have to dedicate a separate section to discuss all this in detail. Herein, you should also evaluate whether demonetization helped curb all these ills. If yes, then to what extent?

5. Promoting Digital Economy :

If India is quickly emerging as the world leader in digital transactions, it’s due to demonetization. In this section, you can discuss how demonetization pushed India toward a cashless economy. Also, it’s important to provide figures related to the increase in digital payments after demonetization.

6. Criticism of Demonetization :

You might dedicate an entire section to discussing the challenges that demonetization faced. These include stock markets crash, cash crunches, inconvenience to the public, and even deaths. You are also at liberty to elaborate on prominent people and organizations that were against the move.

7. What Demonitezation Taught Us :

This is a crucial section that makes demonetization one of the best economics project topics . Herein, you are, in a way, giving your take on the move. Besides discussing what India learned, you can have a closer look at the policy implications for economic reforms in times to come.

8. Conclusion :

Finally, conclude the project with a summary of your key findings. Also, don’t forget to present a logical conclusion on whether or not demonetization achieved its objectives and at what cost.

Tip : You can add substance to the project and make it more relatable by including real-life examples of individuals or businesses affected by demonetization. Also, include the causes and effects of the 1978 demonetization in India. Feel free to add a “Popular Culture” section to discuss how demonetization influenced popular culture. Mention movies made on demonetization.

2. Digital India

It is a government of India initiative to promote digitalization, create a knowledge economy, and democratize access to government services. With the motto, “Power to Empower”, the movement was launched in 2015 and is still active. Digital India is a rewarding economics project topic for classes 10th, 11th, 12th, and beyond. That’s because the topic is extensive and constantly changing as new developments happen rapidly. Also, the movement’s impact is widespread.

• Definition & Launch date
• Ministries involved
• Areas of Focus
• Methodology
• Nine Pillars
• Loan charge
• Digi-lockers
• E-Hospitals
• E-Pathshala
• Adoption of the Digital India Project
• The overall impact of digitalization
• Digital India and foreign trade

Tip : Try adding as many stats as possible to substantiate your argument. Don’t forget to mention the training and ongoing awareness campaigns, alongside criticism, to present a balanced view.

3. Monopoly: The Best Economics Project Topics

Monopoly refers to the complete domination of a company/firm in a particular market. Since there’s no alternative to the company, consumers are forced to buy from it, usually at higher prices.

Patents, licenses, government policies, and other factors make it hard for other companies to enter and compete in the market. That allows the monopolist to dictate prices and compromise quality.

• Simple monopoly
• Pure monopoly
• Natural monopoly
• Legal monopoly
• Maximized profits
• No competition
• High entry barrier
• High pricing & more
• Control of raw materials
• Concentration Index
• Profit margins
• Price discrimination policies
• Demand Curve Under Monopoly
• How it harms the economy

Tip : Explain in detail terms like oligopoly, monopolistic competition, monopoly rent, and more to add more depth. Also, use real-life examples like Microsoft & Windows and DeBeers & diamonds.

4. Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) 

Import substitution industrialization (ISI) promotes domestic manufacturing and reduces foreign imports. The idea is to develop self-sufficiency, reduce import reliance, and save foreign currency reserves. The government backs ISI with specific policy initiatives, such as subsidizing manufacturing and implementing laws to protect and incubate domestic industry.

If you are short on time, ISI could be the best economics project topic for class 12th.

• Origins (from 18th century to modern day) 
• Subsidization
• Increase Tariffs
• Discourage FDI
• Conceptual Framework & Measures of IS 
• Local Ownership Import Substituting 
• Critique of ISI

Tip : Discuss ISI policies implemented by Latin American and African countries and their outcomes. This will help you shape your argument against ISI. You can even compare ISI with export promotion.

Goods and Services Tax (GST) is perhaps the most significant and most talked-about indirect tax reform India has made in recent years. It’s an alternative to all indirect taxes that union and state governments levied on the production, sale, and purchase of goods and services at the Indian level. 

While the government introduced GST to transform India into a unified common market, some argue against it. So, you have plenty of scope to research and analyze GST and derive your conclusion. However, it can be a lengthy and complicated topic. So, start early and manage your time well.

What to Include?

• Date of Enactment
• How is it administered
• Chronology of GST 
• Business & Industry
• Union & State govt.
• Increased tax on SMEs
• Compliance hassles & more
• Central level
• State level
• Goods not covered in GST
• Calculation of GST
• Revenue collections
• The reaction of prominent economists 

Tip : In the “Chronology” section, include the Kelkar Task Force (2003) recommendations and all key amendments. Feel free to give a passing reference on the indirect tax reforms starting from 1986. Also, don’t forget to cover subtopics like HSN code, e-Way Bill, and Reverse Charge Mechanism.

6. Foreign Exchange Market

Your search for the best economics project topics for class 12th can end with the foreign exchange market. It’s an engaging, valuable, and vast topic. In this globalized, interconnected world, the topic is relevant as well. With plenty of material readily available, there’s immense scope for research.

• Definition & Alternate names
• Total Worth, liquidity
• Most traded currencies
• Spot Forex Markets
• Forward Forex Markets
• Futures Forex Markets
• Commercial establishments
• Central banks
• Investment management firms
• Retail forex traders
• Non-bank forex companies
• Money transfer/remittance companies
• Adoption of Gold Standard
• Bretton Woods Standard
• Forex post WW2
• Forex post-1973
• Economic factors
• Political conditions
• Market psychology
• Advantages & Disadvantages
• Forex leverage
• Risk aversion
• Carry trade
• Speculation

Tip : Feel free to touch historical agreements like Bretton Woods Conference, Smithsonian Agreement, Plaza Accord, and Louvre Accord when discussing the evolution of Forex. Also, divide the evolution section into Early, Medieval, Modern & Postmodern periods for better readability.

7. Evolution of the Barter System

The barter system traces its roots back to the ancient Mesopotamians around 6000 BC. Phoenicians and Romans later adopted the system to secure grains, weapons, and other necessities.

It’s a simple trading method where the medium of exchange isn’t involved. Instead of using money, one good is swapped directly with the other of similar value. For example, you trade rice for wheat.

The barter system has lost relevance in a globalized world dominated by international trade and foreign exchange. However, tracking the evolution of the barter system can be a learning experience.

• The need for bartering
• Prevent overexploitation of resources
• No balance of payments crisis
• No foreign exchange crisis & more
• Double coincidence of wants
• Lacks standard unit
• Some goods are indivisible
• Non-existence of deferred payments
• Storage issues of goods
• Silent Trade
• Age of Financial Crisis
• Organized barter exchange
• Labor Notes
• Evolution of money from barter to digital currencies
• Present day practice of Bartering in Business
• Your take 

Tips : You can reference popular monetary systems and recent developments like the emergence of cryptocurrencies for an impactful project.

8. Opportunity Cost

Exciting and relevant, Opportunity Cost is one of the best economics project topics for class 12th. The concept applies to ordinary folks, investors, and/or companies when they opt for one option over the other. It’s about calculating the benefits of the overlooked options vis-à-vis the chosen one. The idea is to evaluate every option and finalize the best one accordingly.

What to Include ? 

• How to Calculate Opportunity Cost
• Implicit cost
• Explicit cost
• Marginal cost
• Opportunity cost graph
• Economic profit versus accounting profit
• Comparative advantage versus absolute advantage
• Opportunity cost at the governmental level
• Consumption patterns

Tips : Explain the opportunity cost with examples from real business scenarios to impact better. Also, touch factors that aren’t included in opportunity costs, notably sunk costs and marginal costs.

9. Human Development Index

As one of the best economics project topics for class 12th, the HDI project should cover topics like:

• HDI briefing
• Indicators of HDI
• HDI measurement
• GDP and HDI

10. Make In India

Make in India encompasses a wide variety of topics that can be addressed through your projects, such as:

• Impact of Make in India on aviation, defense, health sectors, etc.
• Foreign Direct Investment
• Pros and cons of the scheme
• Concerns and criticism about the Make in India scheme

Even though economics is a demanding subject, people study it to gain specific valuable skills and create a promising career. Economics is all about matching resources to demand. So when you study it, you analyze the situation, resources, and wants and find solutions accordingly. That helps you develop an analytical and problem-solving mindset. Since mathematical and statistical data are integral to economics, the subject can also help you to develop and boost your numerical abilities.

Vast and dynamic, economics affords plenty of avenues for independent research. So, that was our take on the best economics project topics for class 12th as well as 11th and 10th. We provided everything – CBSE guidelines, tips, and project ideas – to make things easy and quick for you. For more such informative content, stay tuned. Give us your feedback in the comment section below.

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Best Topics for Economics Project for Class 12 | Sample Economic Project Ideas for Class 12 Students

Economics is a branch of social science and has a great influence on society. It is one of the fast-changing fields and needs a deeper study of economic trends that influence the financial stability of a country. In senior secondary education, basics are covered whereas learning advanced concepts helps you to have strong fundamentals on the subject and prepares for higher-level education.

In addition to the theoretical aspects of the subject, one needs to learn practical concepts such as case studies, being aware of current economic trends in various countries, etc. Economics Project of Class 12 existing will assist you to understand What an Economic Project for Class 12 looks like. You can find answers to all your questions regarding the Class 12 Economics Project Topics. If you are looking for help on Economics Project for Class 12 continue reading the article till the end.

More Topics for Economics Project of Class 12 Students

Economics project for class 12 descriptions, economics projects guidelines.

• What are the Project Topics in Economics?
• How can I make a Class 12 Economics Project?
• Where do I get the 12th Std Economics Project Ideas for free?

Best Topics for Economics Project for Class 12

Class 12 Economics Project plays a crucial role in students’ life. Certain Students might feel nervous about what to prepare for the project. Uncertainty of how to achieve Project work will always lead to imitating of the project from peers. It is a general issue and students feel the project a burden at the beginning of the project itself. If you are one of them don’t panic and utilize the Best Economic Project Ideas for Class 12 Students.

Economics is a vast subject and has numerous topics to choose from for a project. However, choosing a topic for your Economics Project can be a hectic task. Class 12th Economics Project is designed to dive deeper into the application part of the subject. Have a glance at the below-listed Topics to learn about various Economics Project Ideas for the 12th Class.

Tax Reforms

Price determination.

• Cost Function and Cost Curve
• Credit Creation

Impact of Macroeconomic Variables on Values of Currencies

• Production Possibility Curve
• Demonetization in India
• Monopolistic Competition
• Price Discrimination
• The Central Bank and its Functions

Opportunity Cost

• Banking Sector Reforms
• Budget Deficit
• Supply and its Determinants

Import Substitution vs Export Promotion

Demand and its determinants, production – returns to a factor.

• Balance of Payment
• Digital India Movement in India

In addition to the aforementioned Economics Project Topics for Class 12 here are few more topics to keep an eye. They are along the lines

• Principles of Management
• Exchange Rate System
• Foreign Exchange Market
• Development of Indian Economy
• Government Budgets and its Components
• Money Multiplier
• Cashless Economy
• Basic Principles of Taxation

Refer to the Economics Project Ideas for Class 12 and each one of the topics is explained in detail. Use them as references and learn what to include in those particular topics. For your comfort, we have provided the key points to be mentioned in each and every Economics Project Topic.

In the Banking Sector Reforms, you need to talk about the changes Banking Sector Underwent and the Impact it has created on the Economy as a Whole. Begin with how the economic policy of liberalization changed the financial scenario of India, detailed study of all the reforms. Before studying these reforms give an overview of what triggered these reforms. Key Points to be talked about are as follows

• Reduction of Statutory Liquidity Rate (SLR)and Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR)
• Deregulation of interest rates
• How the reforms changed the position of RBI from being a regulator to a facilitator
• Allowing foreign banks to open branches in India with regard to the liberalization policy

When it comes to a Project of Tax Reforms you need to talk about the following points. Firstly, learn what are tax reforms and why there is a need for reforms in India and why were they bought in India. Later you need to discuss what impact does the reforms created on the Economy and if it what the government has aimed for, etc. Major points of the Project are explained below

• India’s fiscal policy
• Simplification of the fiscal system
• Types of taxes (Indirect and direct taxes)
• Tax evasion
• Change in tax rates

Digital India Movement

Under the Topic Digital India Movement, you need to cover right from What Digit India Movement means. Give an overview of how it all started and the thought process behind it. Impact the movement has created and your take on the entire movement. Some Key Points to be included in the Digital India Movement are as follows

• Awareness of digital India project
• Digital India and foreign trade
• Adoption of the digital India policy by people coming from rural areas
• Effectiveness of digitalization
• The overall impact of the Digital India Movement

Import Substitution and Export Promotion are the two key trade policy reforms and both of them are completely different from each other. In your project, you need to talk about trade policy reforms in detail, what is Import substitution and export Promotion and how they differ from one another. At last, you need to conclude and bring to light what the government wished to achieve by bringing these policies. The Key Points to be included in the project are along the lines

• Phases of Export promotion
• Export promotion council of India
• Objectives behind the export promotion
• Export promotion policies
• History of import substitution
• Measures for important substitution
• Objectives behind import substitution

In this project, you need to discuss how various economic variables created an impact on the value of currencies and exchange rates. Few Key Points to be discussed in relation to the value of currency are along the lines

• Inflation rate
• Balance of payment
• Monetary policy
• Import and export value

In this project, you need to talk about how prices are determined in different forms of the market. Include different forms of market, its structures, graphs, and other data related to price determination. Major Points to be included in the Price Determination are as follows

• Types of market
• Monopoly market and price determination
• Perfect competition and price determination
• Oligopoly and price determination
• Monopolist market and price determination

An Economics Project on the Opportunity Cost should include the following points

• What is the opportunity cost?
• Examples of opportunity cost
• How to calculate the opportunity cost
• Opportunity cost graph
• Applications of opportunity cost (Determining factor prices, Consumption pattern decisions, Determining economic rent, Product plan decisions, Decisions about national priorities, )
• Types of opportunity cost (Implicit cost, Explicit cost, and marginal opportunity cost)

Project on Demand and its Determinants should cover the following points

• What is demand
• Demand curve and schedule
• An introduction to determinants of demand
• Law of demand
• Exceptions of the law of demand
• Different determinants of demand (income of the consumer, the price of the product,  price of related goods, taste, and preference of the consumer, etc.) and how they impact the demand of a commodity.

Returns to a Factor is an Important Law of Production and is also one of the key components of economic study. Project on Returns to a Factor must cover the following topics in it.

• What are the factors of production?
• Fixed factors
• Variable factors
• Total/Average/Marginal productivity
• Diminishing returns to scale

Project on Monopoly should include all the points related to the Monopoly Market. In short, Monopoly Market should cover the following topics

• What is a monopoly market and its features?
• Types of monopoly
• Reasons for an emergency of monopoly
• Market structures related to a monopoly market
• Can a monopoly market be harmful to the economy?

While choosing your Project of Economics you need to keep certain points in mind and they are listed below

• Be aware of what you are doing
• Make Sure your project is different and cut short it.
• Don’t Exaggerate and try to include all the necessary points regarding the topic. However, a topic on demand might lead you to behavioral economics and that’s not so important. Concentrate on specific features and don’t make it lengthy.
• Take Proper Guidelines from your Faculty.

FAQs on Economics Project for Class 12

1. What are the Project Topics in Economics?

Some of the Important Project Topics in Economics are given as under

• Imperfect competition and Market failure.
• Theories of the Long-run supply curve (Not recommended if you aren’t thoroughly versed in Macroeconomics basics)
• Non-Performing Asset and Central Bank’s procedures to recover it
• Central Bank’s functions with special reference to RBI
• RBI’s policies to curb inflation and appreciate currency value.
• Causes and Potential Solutions for Adverse Balance of payments.
• Theories of utility (Ordinal and cardinal Approach)
• The shift of India’s growth parameters from agricultural to manufacturing and service sectors over 50 years period.
• Derivation of the Demand curve from Hicksian and Slutsky Income and Substitution Effects.

2. How can I make a Class 12 Economics Project?

In order to make the 12th Standard Economics Project, you need to follow the guidelines issued by the official board of examination. Before you begin working on the Project confirm with your teacher. Try to keep the project original and avoid copying project ideas from other people.

3. Where do I get the 12th Std Economics Project Ideas for free?

You can find the 12th Std Economics Project Ideas for free on Learncram.com a trusted portal for all your needs.

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CBSE Class 12 Economics: Notes, PDFs, Marks Weightage and Book Reference

Effective Study Strategies and Tips for CBSE Class 12 Economics Exam Preparation

Economics is one of the key courses in Class 12 of the CBSE . The subject is extensive and necessitates ongoing revision. Indian Economic Growth and Macroeconomics are the two sections of the Economics section. Due to the size of the section, Vedantu CBSE 12 Commerce Economics solutions assist students in mastering the fundamental ideas of the Indian economy.

Further the Commerce subject Economics are divided into two part:

1. Macro Economics

2. Micro Economics

CBSE Class 12 Economics Syllabus and Question Weightage

CBSE Class 12 Economics Syllabus in Depth

Chapters 1: national income and related aggregates.

The definition of macroeconomics and its fundamental ideas, such as capital, consumption of products, final and intermediate goods, gross investment, and depreciation, are generally covered in Chapters 1 Class 12 Macroeconomics revision notes .

Also, it thoroughly discusses a number of important subjects, including the circular flow of income (using a two-sector model), the gross national product (GNP), the gross domestic product (GDP), the net domestic product (NDP), and welfare.

Chapters 2: Money and Banking

Students can better comprehend the fundamentals of money and its supply chain with the help of Chapters 2 Class 12 Economics revision materials (synchronisation between the currency held by the public and demand deposits held by banks).

Understanding the Central Banking System's Money Production Mechanism and the fundamental operations of the Central Bank require understanding this chapter (e.g. Reserve Bank of India). The following are some key ideas covered in the Chapters 2 Macroeconomics revision notes for Class 12 :

Bank of issue

Government Bank

Banker’s Bank

Control of Credit

Chapters 3: Determination of Income and Employment

The key points covered in Chapters 3 Class 12 Macroeconomics revision notes are:

Parts of the Total Demand

Output of Short-Run Equilibrium

Employment Voluntary and Full Employment

How to address the issues of high demand and low supply?

Reverse Repo Rate

Margin Requirements

Open Market Operations

Chapters 4: Government Budget and the Economy

One of the most important chapters in Macroeconomics for Class 12 aids students in understanding the budget allotted to or by the particular government, as well as its meaning, purposes, and components. The following Chapters 3 ideas are thoroughly covered in Class 12 Economics revision notes.

Receipts are divided into two categories: revenue receipts and capital receipts.

Revenue expenditure and capital expenditure are the two categories of expenditure.

There are several ways to measure government deficits, including fiscal, primary, and revenue deficits.

Chapters 5: Balance of Payments

The definitions of Fixed Foreign Exchange Rate and Flexible Fixed Foreign Exchange Rate are mostly provided in the revision notes for Class 12 Macroeconomics Chapter 5 . Also, the purpose of Payment Accounts and its elements are covered.

Indian Economic Development: Part B of the CBSE Class 12 Economics Syllabus

Chapters 6: development experience (1947-90) and economic reforms since 1991.

One of the most fascinating and significant chapters of the Class 12 Economics curriculum is this one. The Introduction of the Indian Economy and the general objectives of the five-year plans of the Indian Economic System are largely covered in the revision notes for Class 12 Economics Chapter 6 . The policies relating to agriculture, business and international commerce, liberalisation, and privatisation—along with the crucial concepts of demonetisation and GST—are all made clear to students in this chapter.

Chapters 7: Current Challenges facing Indian Economy

The Class 12 economics revision notes for Chapter 7 assist students in reviewing and comprehending the key issues influencing the Indian economy.

Unemployment

Human Capital Formation

Rural Development

Infrastructure

Chapters 8: Development Experience of India

Economics Chapter 8 revision notes mostly discuss India's development story by contrasting it with nearby nations like Pakistan and India. It also identifies several crucial problems that must be solved for India to fully grow.

CBSE Class 12 Economics Syllabus and Questions Weightage 

Summary of the micro-economics & macro-economics syllabus for class 12.

The main topic of discussion in the Economics Chapter 8 revision notes is India's development history in comparison to other adjacent countries like India and its neighbouring countries. It also points out a number of pressing issues that must be resolved for India to completely develop.

The estimation of specific product and factor prices.

Allocating resources to their most crucial uses in order to increase an economy's overall output (i.e. content with the central problem of an economy such as what to produce, how to produce and for whom to produce).

NCERT Class 12 Microeconomics syllabus covers an introduction to the subject, while the remaining chapters cover a variety of subjects including the Theory of Consumer Behaviour, Production, and Cost, the Theory of the Firm Under Perfect Competition, Market Equilibrium, and Non-Competitive Markets are cover in Macroeconomics.

CBSE Class 12 Microeconomics Books To Refer

Start by reading the NCERT textbook for Class 12 Microeconomics . Utilise it all year to understand the fundamental ideas in the various chapters.

Another significant book that can be used as a reference is TR Jain and VK Ohri. Students frequently utilise this book because of its straightforward approach to comprehending various concepts and chapters.

One of the top study guides for practising and reviewing the complete Class 12 Microeconomics curriculum is Class 12 Economics by Sandeep Garg. In Sandeep Garg Economics Class 12, most of the questions are likely to be asked in the board exam.

Download and Practise CBSE Class 12 Economics Solutions

CBSE Class 12 Economics Solutions are comprehensive guides designed to assist students in mastering the subject of economics. These solutions are tailored to CBSE curriculum and provide a step-by-step approach to solving problems, making them ideal for self-study or exam preparation.

These solutions cover all the topics in the CBSE Class 12 Economics syllabus , including micro and macroeconomics, Indian economy, globalisation, and international trade. The solutions are presented in an easy-to-understand language and are enriched with examples and illustrations, making them more accessible for students.

Moreover, CBSE Class 12 Economics Solutions are created by subject matter experts who have years of experience in teaching and preparing students for the board exams. Thus, students can rely on these solutions for accurate and reliable information.

You can download the NCERT solutions from the links given below:

CBSE Class 12 Economics NCERT Solutions 2022-23

CBSE Class 12 Micro Economics NCERT Solutions 2022-23

CBSE Class 12 Macro Economics NCERT Solutions 2022-23

CBSE Class 12 Economics is a vital subject that helps students understand the fundamental concepts of economics and their application in the real world. The availability of notes, PDFs, and book references have made it easier for students to access study materials that can help them score well in exams. Moreover, understanding the marks weightage and exam pattern can help students to prepare better and achieve their desired grades.

It is crucial for students to devote enough time and effort to prepare for the Class 12 Economics exams to excel in the subject. By using the right study materials and following a structured study plan, students can gain a deep understanding of the concepts and score well in the exams. With dedication, perseverance, and the right resources, students can achieve academic success in CBSE Class 12 Economics.

FAQs on CBSE Class 12 Economics: Notes, PDFs, Marks Weightage and Book Reference

1. How many chapters are there in Microeconomics of Class 12?

Microeconomics of Class 12 has a total of six chapters. They are as follows:

Introduction to Microeconomics

Theory of Consumer Behavior

Production and Costs

Theory of a firm under Perfect Competition

Market Equilibrium

Non-competitive Markets.

Starting from the basics and importance of the subject to the requirements of a production house, cost curve, knowing the consumer, and different types of markets, you will learn about everything intensively in these chapters.

2. What alternative nomenclature would you use for microeconomics class 12?

Price theory is a another name for microeconomics. A microeconomic theory called the theory of price uses the idea of supply and demand to establish the right price for an item or service.

3. Why is it important to study Macroeconomics?

Macroeconomics is the study of estimating individual product and factor prices. Furthermore, the distribution of resources according to their primary function in an effort to increase an economy's overall output. In order to comprehend and calculate answers to the three production-related questions of what, how, and when, it is essential to study microeconomics in class twelve. You gain insight into everything needed to enter the market as a producer through this subject as well.

4. What is Economics?

Economics is the study of resource distribution for a nation's economic welfare. It covers such topics as employment, capital, labour, physical resources, and the production of products and services. Studying economics is important since it teaches us many strategies for boosting a country's income, employment, and development.

Economics 12 covers significant subjects that teach the students about critical facets of the economy of a developing country. Here are some useful revision notes for this subject for students.

5. How to identify the best study notes for Macroeconomics?

The following qualities make study notes useful and efficient:

They must be succinct, unambiguous, and comprehensive.

They shouldn't include any lengthy or needless content.

They should be prepared by teachers with experience.

As appropriate, pertinent diagrams should be used to describe them in a way that is simple to understand.

Such expertly written chapter-by-chapter revision notes for Class 12 Macroeconomics are available on the Vedantu website and Vedantu app.

• Class 12 Commerce
• Class 12 Commerce Projects
• Class 12 Economics Projects

Class 12 Economics Project

Class 12 economics project plays an essential role in students’ life. However, a few students would be nervous about how and what to prepare for the project. This uncertainty of how to complete the project leads to the imitation of projects from peers.

It is a general issue where students weigh a project as a burden and do not pay attention to how to prepare it. If you are encountering a similar obstacle, the best thing to begin with is to analyse a sample project. Here, we have given three sample economics projects for Class 12, which can be downloaded as PDFs.

These sample projects will certainly assist all those students who really want to have a summary of what an economics project looks like. They will completely answer all your questions about the different things we should contemplate while preparing an economics project. The whole project is of 20 marks. To be well aware of the entire economics syllabus for Class 12, click here .

Economics Project for Class 12 Download Free PDFs:

Economics Project Guidelines

While selecting your concept of the project, a few basic factors are to be kept in mind:

• Be well aware of your topic.
• Your project must be different by at least 40% . Cut short the long story.
• Do not exaggerate. It is important to include everything associated with your topic. A topic on demand might lead you to behavioural economics; however, that is not important. Focus on the specific features and do not make it too long.
• Take guidelines from your professor.

Here are some of the best economics project ideas for Class 12 students:

•   Imperfect competition and Market failure
•   Non-performing asset and Central Bank’s procedures to recover it
•   Theories of the long-run supply curve (Not recommended if you are not thoroughly versed in basics of macroeconomics)
•   RBI’s policies to curb inflation and appreciate currency value
•   Central Bank’s functions with special reference to RBI
•   Causes and potential solutions for adverse balance of payments
•   The shift of India’s growth parameters from agricultural to manufacturing and service sectors over a period of 50 years
•   Derivation of the demand curve from Hicksian and Slutsky income and substitution effects
•   Theories of utility (Ordinal and Cardinal approach)
•    Banking sector reforms
•   The growth of India’s automobile sector in the last 20 years with special reference to FDI
•   Import substitution vs Export promotion
•   Tax reforms and basic principles of taxation/double taxation on savings
•   Impact of macroeconomic variables on values of currencies
•   Opportunity cost
•   Price determination
•   Production: Returns to a factor
•   Demand and its determinants
•   Monopolistic competition

Explore more about projects for Class 12. Stay tuned for questions papers, sample papers, syllabus, and relevant notifications on our website.

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How to Study Economics for Class 12 CBSE: Your Comprehensive Guide!

Author : Shashwat

Updated On : February 12, 2024

Economics is more than just graphs, numbers, and complex terminologies. It investigates human behaviour, choices, and the intricate web of supply and demand that drives our world. 

Studying Economics for Class 12 CBSE opens the door to understanding these dynamics and their impact on everyday life. 

The CBSE curriculum for Class 12 Economics is designed to give students a holistic understanding of macroeconomic principles and India's economic development trajectory. 

Let’s see what it all includes and how to prepare best! 

Key Content:  

• Syllabus Overview: A breakdown of Introductory Macroeconomics, Indian Economic Development, and Project Work. 
• Expert Tips: Embracing analytical nature and economic reasoning. 
• Teacher's Insight: The role of critical thinking and staying updated with economic trends. 
• Resource Recommendations: Highlighting essential reference books and the importance of Previous Year Questions. 
• Paper Presentation: Tips for structuring answers with emphasis on key terminologies. 
• Strategies for Success: Leveraging the question paper design for effective preparation and the significance of practical project work. 

Download Free Study Material for CBSE Exam 2024 by SuperGrads

Delving Deep into the Syllabus and Learning Outcomes  

When pondering how to study economics for class 12 CBSE, one must first understand the syllabus thoroughly. Economics, as a subject, ties theoretical concepts to real-world scenarios, making it both intricate and fascinating. Let’s begin: 

Part A: Introductory Macroeconomics  

Here's what you need to know: 

National Income and Related Aggregates (10 marks):  

• Focus on understanding a country's income. 
• Learn about its calculation methodologies. 
• Dive deep into related economic concepts. Mastering these concepts is a great start if you're figuring out how to study economics for class 12 CBSE. 

Money and Banking (6 marks):  

• Understand the pivotal role of money in an economy. 
• Get to know the nuances of the banking system. 
• Comprehend how both influence the larger economic framework. 

Determination of Income and Employment (12 marks):  

• Aim to grasp how employment levels are set. 
• Explore the dynamics of income levels and their determinants. 

Government Budget and the Economy (6 marks):  

• Delve into the government's budgeting process. 
• Learn about its influence on economic stability and growth. 

Balance of Payments (6 marks):  

• Focus on understanding the nature of international transactions. 
• Realize the implications these transactions have on the national and global economy. 

Read More:  CBSE Class 12 Applied Maths Syllabus

Part B: Indian Economic Development  

For those pondering how to study economics for class 12 CBSE with a specific focus on India's economic trajectory, this section is crucial: 

Development Experience (1947-90) and Economic Reforms since 1991 (12 marks, 28 periods):  

• Analyze India’s journey post-independence. 
• Study the sweeping economic reforms post-1991 and their lasting impact. 

Current Challenges facing the Indian Economy (20 marks):  

• Get a comprehensive view of agriculture, industry, and foreign trade sectors. 
• Understand the unique challenges each sector faces. 

Development Experience of India – A Comparison with Neighbours (8 marks):  

• Engage in a comparative analysis. 
• Contrast India's economic growth with its neighbouring nations. 

Read About:   CBSE Class 12 Applied Maths Basic Financial with Mathematics

Part C: Project Work (20 marks)  

• A practical aspect of learning, project work is vital: 
• It offers hands-on experience to students. 
• It helps in the application of theoretical knowledge in real-world scenarios. 
• For those exploring how to study economics for class 12 CBSE, remember that this project isn't just about scoring marks but truly understanding economic phenomena. 

The Blueprint for Success: Expert Tips and A Teacher's Insight  

Are you just starting out on your Economics for Class 12 CBSE and wondering how to achieve the best scores? Here are our expertly curated tips infused with insights directly from seasoned teachers. These will guide you on how to study economics for Class 12 CBSE and help you grasp the subject's essence. 

Understanding Economics Beyond Textbooks : 

The world of economics isn’t limited to just textbooks. Real-life events shape economic principles. Thus, incorporating daily news into your study regime is invaluable. 

Recommendations:  

• Dedicate a few minutes daily to skim through economic news. 
• Highlight real-world examples that align with your syllabus. 

Importance of Conceptual Clarity : 

Have you ever heard the saying, "A strong foundation holds the building high"? Conceptual clarity is the foundation of economics. 

Benefits:  

• Clear concepts pave the way for critical thinking. 
• Critical thinking is your key to understanding and analyzing intricate economic scenarios, central to how to study economics for Class 12 CBSE. 

Check Out:  CBSE Class 12 Applied Maths Syllabus

Engage with Project Work : 

Projects aren’t just another task for obtaining marks. They provide hands-on experience, enabling students to apply theoretical knowledge. 

How to make the most of it?  

• Select topics you're genuinely curious about. 
• Dive deep into research, discussions, and practical applications. 
• Relate your projects to real-world scenarios when possible. 

Previous Year Questions & Sample Papers : 

These aren't just papers; they're a treasure trove of insights! They offer a glimpse into the pattern and depth of questions you'll face in the final exams. 

Tips to use them effectively:  

• Set aside regular intervals for solving these papers. 
• Once done, review your answers, identify weak areas, and work on them. 
• Try simulating exam conditions while solving them to build stamina and manage time efficiently. 

Structured Answer Presentation : 

How you present your knowledge can set you apart. Structured answers reflect clarity of thought and in-depth understanding. 

Guidelines for impressive presentation:  

• Begin with an introduction that sets the context. 
• Detail your answer with relevant points, arguments, or data. 
• Wrap up with a logical conclusion, linking back to the question posed. 
• Always write headings and bullet points while structuring your answers. 

Read About:  CBSE Class 12 Applied Maths Probability

Tips for Optimal Performance  

When diving into the depths of any subject, it's crucial to have strategies in place to ensure effective and efficient learning. If you're still wondering how to study economics for class 12 CBSE, the following tips can significantly enhance your study approach: 

Syllabus as Your Touchstone : 

• The syllabus isn't just a list; it's your primary guide to what needs to be studied. 
• By consistently referring to it, you can prioritize topics and understand the weightage of each section. 
• Whenever you're uncertain about what to study next or feel overwhelmed, circle back to the syllabus. Think of it as your roadmap when figuring out how to study economics for class 12 CBSE. 

Regular Revision : 

• Given that the economics syllabus for class 12 CBSE is extensive, it's easy to forget what you studied initially. 
• Schedule weekly or bi-weekly revision sessions. This refreshes your memory and strengthens your grasp of the topics. 
• Breaking down revision into smaller chunks rather than one long session can make it more manageable and less daunting. 

Interactive Learning : 

• Merely reading from textbooks can become monotonous. To add an interactive element: 
• Engage in group discussions. This allows you to hear different perspectives and explanations on the same topic. 
• Participate in quizzes. They provide an excellent platform to test your knowledge and improve recall. 
• Attend seminars or webinars. They offer insights that might not be present in regular textbooks and can give you a fresh perspective on how to study economics for class 12 CBSE. 

Utilize Digital Mediums for Studying : 

• With technology at our fingertips, digital learning can't be ignored. 
• Online platforms offer video lectures, animated explanations, and real-world examples that can make complex topics more digestible. 
• Apps and websites may have mock tests and quizzes, which can be a great way to assess your preparation level. 
• Interactive forums and discussion groups allow you to post doubts and get them clarified by peers or educators. 

Key Takeaways:  

• Holistic Understanding : Don’t just memorize; aim to understand the core concepts deeply. 
• Stay Updated : Economics is a dynamic field. Being abreast of current events helps in understanding and application. 
• Effective Resources : Apart from NCERT, consider reference books like 'Indian Economic Development' by T.R. Jain and V.K. Ohri. 
• Project Importance : Engage earnestly in your project work. It amplifies your theoretical knowledge. 
• Practice Makes Perfect : Regularly solve sample papers and previous year questions. 

Dive into the subject with enthusiasm, and soon, the complex graphs and economic jargons will start making perfect sense. Remember, studying economics is not just for exams but to understand the world better. Stay curious and keep exploring! 

Read About: CBSE Class 12 Linear Programming 

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Frequently Asked Questions

Any recommended reference books apart from NCERT for Class 12 Economics?

How can previous year questions and sample papers aid in preparation?

What role does project work play in Class 12 Economics?

How can I enhance my conceptual clarity in Economics?

Why is it important to relate real-world events with Economics?

What are the main areas of focus in the CBSE Class 12 Economics syllabus?

February 12, 2024

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CBSE Class 12 Economics Notes (Chapter-wise PDF)

Class 12 Economics opens doors to advanced economic theories, policies, and applications. As students navigate through concepts like macroeconomics, microeconomics, and international trade, a systematic revision plan becomes indispensable. NCERT revision notes for Class 12 Economics serve as a compass, offering chapter-wise insights, simplifying intricate concepts, and guiding students toward a profound understanding of each economic domain.

The Unique Dynamics of Class 12 Economics:

Class 12 Economics goes beyond the basics, delving into the complexities of economic systems, policies, and global economic relationships. Mastery of this subject equips students with the knowledge to comprehend and critically analyze economic phenomena.

The Crucial Role of NCERT Notes in Class 12 Economics:

• Chapter-wise Precision: Delve into specific chapters for an in-depth exploration of advanced economic theories and policies.
• Conceptual Distillation: Complex economic concepts and models distilled into manageable portions, ensuring clarity.
• Exam Emphasis: Align your revision with examination requirements, focusing on key economic concepts, models, and policies.
• Time Efficiency: Streamlined revision allows for effective time management and comprehensive coverage of economic disciplines.

Chapter-wise Class 12 Economics Notes:

• Introductory Macroeconomics: Grasp the fundamentals of macroeconomic concepts and policies. Click for Chapter 1 Notes.
• National Income and Related Aggregates: Explore the measurement and analysis of national income. Click for Chapter 2 Notes.
• Money and Banking: Understand the functions of money, the banking system, and monetary policy. Click for Chapter 3 Notes.
• Determination of Income and Employment: Delve into the theories of income determination and employment. Click for Chapter 4 Notes.
• Government Budget and the Economy: Explore government budgeting and its impact on the economy. Click for Chapter 5 Notes.
• Open Economy Macroeconomics: Grasp the concepts of international trade and the balance of payments. Click for Chapter 6 Notes.
• Introductory Microeconomics: Understand the foundational principles of microeconomics. Click for Chapter 1 Notes.
• Consumer’s Equilibrium and Demand: Explore the concepts of consumer equilibrium and demand. Click for Chapter 2 Notes.
• Producer Behavior and Supply: Delve into the behavior of producers and the concept of supply. Click for Chapter 3 Notes.
• Forms of Market and Price Determination: Grasp the various market structures and the determination of prices. Click for Chapter 4 Notes.
• Welfare Economics: Explore the principles of welfare economics and market failures. Click for Chapter 5 Notes.
• Determination of Income and Employment: Understand the Keynesian theory of income determination. Click for Chapter 6 Notes.
• Government Budget and the Economy: Explore the role of government in the economy and budgeting. Click for Chapter 7 Notes.
• Balance of Payments: Grasp the concepts of the balance of payments and its significance. Click for Chapter 8 Notes.

Class 12 Economics is not just a subject; it’s an exploration of economic systems and policies. Enhance your learning experience with NCERT revision notes, structured chapter-wise, to cater to each chapter’s nuances. Embark on this economic expedition, chapter by chapter, to fortify your understanding and confidently face the challenges of economic exploration.

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Home / Blog / CBSE Class 12 Economics Project Guide (2023-24)

CBSE Class 12 Economics Project Guide (2023-24)

• Last Updated on Dec 29, 2023

As soon as you step foot into higher education, the importance of holistic learning becomes all too apparent. The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) acknowledges projects’ vital role in helping foster deep understanding and increasing critical thinking abilities across subjects. Economics, in particular, must receive special consideration as it plays an essential part in shaping the student’s understanding of global economic dynamics. Students appearing for the Class 12th Economics exam must submit a Class 12 Economics Project work that is a part of the evaluation. 

The project is worth 20 marks and must be made per the CBSE’s guidelines. In this post, we will discuss the Economics class 12 project work.

Also, Check : Class 12th English Project 2024

CBSE Class 12th Economics Projects Guidelines 2023-24

The Class 12 Economics project is a pivotal component that enhances your understanding of economic principles and real-world applications. On its official website, CBSE releases the economics class 12 project guidelines. When preparing the project, students must keep these things in mind:

• Students will complete one project per academic session.
• The project must consist of 3,500-4,000 words (excluding diagrams & graphs), handwritten preferably. 
• This project should represent an independent piece of study.

Also, Check –   Class 12th Economic Books pdf 2024

Also, the checklist of the Class 12 Economics Project is as follows:

Expected Checklist:

• Introduction of topic/title
• Identifying the causes, consequences and/or remedies
• Various stakeholders and the effect on each of them
• Advantages and disadvantages of situations or issues identified
• Short-term and long-term implications of economic strategies suggested in the course of
• Validity, reliability, appropriateness and relevance of data used for research work and
• for presentation in the project file
• Presentation and writing that is succinct and coherent in the project file
• Citation of the materials referred to in the file in footnotes, resources section, bibliography, etc.

Furthermore, you can also check the  Class 12th Commerce Papers 2024  with the following link.

Marking scheme of CBSE class 12th Economics Project Work 2023-24

Your Class 12 Economics Project evaluation holds immense significance in your overall assessment. The CBSE marking scheme emphasizes several key aspects. Below is a detailed table showing the mark distribution for the Class 12 Economics Project file:

Viva of Class 12th Economics Project 2023-24

As per the marking The Class 12 Economics Projects viva session is a main element of its assessment process, allowing students to verbally articulate and present the methodologies, findings, and insights presented within their projects. This interactive session helps the evaluator gauge student understanding. Vivas aims to foster critical thinking skills while improving communication and engaging deeper into subject matters for a comprehensive evaluation of the knowledge and skills of each student.

Objectives of CBSE Class 12th Economics Project 2023-24

The objectives of the Class 12 Economics Projects are to:

• Deepen their understanding of theoretical concepts covered in classes XI and XII; 
• Analyze real-world economic scenarios using theoretical constructs;
• Demonstrate learning of economic theory;
• Follow aspects of economics that spark learners’ interests;
• Developing communication and logic-based debating techniques.

CBSE Class 12 Economics Projects Work Ideas 2023-24

CBSE, on its official website, has presented a list of class 12 Economics project topics. It is important that students refer to the class 12 economics project PDF so that they go through the topics and then they can discuss it with their respective teachers. These are some of them:

• Micro and Small Scale Industries  
• Food Supply Channel in India
• Contemporary Employment Situation in India 
• The disinvestment policy of the government
• Goods and Services Tax Act and its Impact
• Health Expenditure (of any state)
• Human Development Index  
• Inclusive Growth Strategy
• Self-help group  
• Trends in Credit Availability in India
• Monetary Policy Committee and its functions  
• Role of RBI in Control of Credit
• Government Budget & its Components  
• Trends in the budgetary condition of India
• Exchange Rate determination – Methods and Techniques
• Currency War – reasons and repercussions
• Any other topic

How to Prepare For The Class 12 Economics Projects 2023-24?

After each session, each student will present his/her research work to external and internal examiners for review. For the viva, questions should be asked from their Research Work/ Project File. Learners should ensure their work submitted for evaluation is their original work, and in case of any doubt, the teachers must verify to confirm its authenticity.

Now, let’s understand how to prepare for the project:

• Topic Selection: Select a topic that aligns with the curriculum, such as contemporary economic issues or themes. Also, ensure personal interest as enthusiasm drives thorough research and analysis.
• Conduct In-Depth Research: Conduct intensive research by compiling pertinent data, case studies, and scholarly articles for your project. A well-researched project forms the basis of insightful analysis.
• Structured Format: Adhere to the specified format for presentations, which typically entails sections like introduction, methodology, analysis, findings and conclusion. Structured presentations allow greater clarity while simultaneously showcasing organizational abilities.
• Use Visual Aids: Visual aids such as graphs, charts, and tables can help visually illustrate data to ensure greater comprehension. They demonstrate our dedication to providing all pertinent information in an organized fashion.
• Preparing for a Viva Voce Session: Anticipate potential questions about your project and general economic concepts. Practice communicating your thoughts while being ready to present your thoughts and research methodology for the viva voce session for maximum confidence and a comprehensive presentation.
• How to prepare for the Class 12 Economics Project?

Prepare systematically by selecting a relevant and interesting topic. Conduct thorough research, adhere to the project format, utilize visual aids, infuse original analysis, and anticipate viva voce questions. Practice your presentation skills to ensure a comprehensive and well-structured project.

• Can we get a Class 12 Economics Projects Topic Idea from the NCERT Books?

While NCERT books provide foundational knowledge, consider exploring beyond them for project topics. Aim for contemporary issues or themes relevant to the curriculum. Originality is encouraged, so use NCERT books as a starting point but venture into broader research.

• Is it compulsory to prepare for the CBSE Class 12 Economics Projects?

Yes, the Class 12 Economics Project is a compulsory component of the CBSE curriculum. 

• How to prepare for Class 12 Economics Projects Viva-Voce?

Prepare for the viva voce by anticipating questions related to your project and broader economic concepts. Practice communicating your thoughts confidently, emphasizing your project’s methodology, findings, and implications. Familiarize yourself with potential queries to ensure a smooth and informed viva voce experience.

• What are the important questions for Economics VIVA?

Viva questions may cover your project’s methodology, objectives, key findings, economic concepts related to your topic, challenges, solutions, etc. 

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Home » Class 12 » CBSE Class 12 Economics Project Guide 2023-24

CBSE Class 12 Economics Project Guide 2023-24

• Team CA Wizard

Class 12 marks the end of the senior secondary journey for students, and apart from gaining theoretical knowledge, students also need to work on practical projects to put their knowledge to the test. Students studying the Class 12 Economics subject must submit a Class 12 Economics Project. This project is not just a task; it’s your opportunity to delve into the intricate world of economics, applying the theories and concepts you’ve mastered throughout the year.

Moreover, the Economics class 12 project is a means of assessment and a platform to showcase your understanding and creativity. Projects aren’t just about scoring marks; they’re about exploring real-world scenarios, analyzing economic trends, and presenting solutions with in-depth research.

Students appearing for the Class 12th Economics exam must submit an Economics Project of Class 12 work that is a part of the evaluation. 

The project is worth 20 marks, based on the  class 12 economics syllabus  and must be made per the CBSE’s guidelines. In this post, we will discuss the Economics class 12 project work.

Also Check:  CBSE Class 12 Accountancy Project

CBSE Class 12 Economics Project Guidelines 2023-24

The Class XII Economics project holds a position as it enriches your understanding of principles and their real-world applications. CBSE provides guidelines for the economics class 12 project on its website. 

When working on the project, students should keep the following points in mind:

• Students will complete one project per academic session.
• The project must consist of 3,500-4,000 words (excluding diagrams & graphs), handwritten preferably. 
• This project should represent an independent piece of study.

Additionally, here is a checklist for the Economics Project of Class 12;

Expected Checklist:

• Introduction of topic/title
• Identifying the causes, consequences and/or remedies
• Various stakeholders and the effect on each of them
• Advantages and disadvantages of situations or issues identified
• Short-term and long-term implications of economic strategies suggested in the course of
• Validity, reliability, appropriateness and relevance of data used for research work and
• for presentation in the project file
• Presentation and writing that is succinct and coherent in the project file
• Citation of the materials referred to in the file in footnotes, resources section, bibliography, etc.

Marking scheme of CBSE Economics Project Work of Class 12th 2023-24

Your Class 12 Economics Project evaluation is extremely important in determining your overall score. Several important requirements are made clear in the CBSE marking scheme. A complete table of the mark distribution for the Economics Project file is as below:

Viva of Economics Project Class 12th 2023-24

According to the marking scheme, the Economics Project viva session of Class 12 is an important part of the assessment process because it allows students to verbally articulate and convey their projects’ approaches, conclusions, and insights. This interactive session aids the evaluator in determining student comprehension. 

Also, vivas seek to develop critical thinking abilities while boosting communication and delving deeper into the topic matter for an in-depth evaluation of every student’s understanding and skills.

Objectives of 12th Economics Project 2023-24

The objectives of the 12th Economics Project are to:

• Deepen their understanding of theoretical concepts covered in classes XI and XII; 
• Analyze real-world economic scenarios using theoretical constructs;
• Demonstrate learning of economic theory;
• Follow aspects of economics that spark learners’ interests;
• Developing communication and logic-based debating techniques.

CBSE Class XII Economics Project Work Ideas 2023-24

A list of 12th Economics project topics is available on the CBSE website. Students must check the class 12 economics project PDF to check the topics and have a discussion with their particular teachers. A few topics are as follows:

• Micro and Small Scale Industries  
• Food Supply Channel in India
• Contemporary Employment situation in India 
• Disinvestment policy of the government
• Goods and Services Tax Act and its Impact
• Health Expenditure (of any state)
• Human Development Index  
• Inclusive Growth Strategy
• Self-help group  
• Trends in Credit availability in India
• Monetary Policy Committee and its functions  
• Role of RBI in Control of Credit
• Government Budget & its Components  
• Trends in budgetary condition of India
• Exchange Rate determination – Methods and Techniques
• Currency War – reasons and repercussions
• Any other topic

How to Prepare For the Economics Project of Class 12th 2023-24?

After each academic session, students must present their research work to examiners from within and outside the institution for evaluation. Examiners will ask questions about the student’s Research Work/Project File during the viva. Learners must submit their work for evaluation; if there are any doubts, teachers must verify its authenticity.

Now let’s understand how to prepare for your Economics Project:

• Choosing a Topic:  Select a topic from the class 12 Economics project topics that aligns with the curriculum. Additionally, it’s crucial to be interested in the topic as it fuels research and analysis.
• Conducting In-Depth Research:  Engage in research by gathering data, case studies, and scholarly articles for your project. A researched project forms the foundation for analysis.
• Following a Format:  Students must adhere to the presentation format, which typically includes sections like introduction, methodology, analysis, findings, and conclusion. Organizing your presentation in a manner that ensures clarity while showcasing your skills.
• Include Visual Aids:  Improve your project report by incorporating aids like graphs, charts, and tables that visually represent data. This demonstrates our commitment to presenting all information in a manner.
• Preparing for Viva Session:  Anticipate questions regarding your project well, such as general economic concepts. Practice expressing your ideas and prepare to present your thoughts and research approach during the viva voce session. This will help you boost your confidence and deliver your project file in a project file.

Q1. How to prepare for the Economics Project Class 12?

Ans: Prepare methodically by selecting a topic that is both relevant and interesting. Conduct thorough research, follow the project format, incorporate visual aids, apply original analysis, and prepare for viva questions. Practice your presentation skills for completing a well-structured and complete project.

Q2. Can we get a Class 12 Economics Project Topic Idea from the NCERT Books?

Ans: While NCERT texts give fundamental information, try extending your look for project topics beyond them. Aim for current topics or themes that are relevant to the curriculum. Because originality is encouraged, use NCERT books as your foundation but extend your research.

Q3. Is it compulsory to prepare for the CBSE Economics Project Class 12 ?

Ans: Yes, the Class XII Economics Project is a compulsory part of the CBSE curriculum. 

Q4. How to prepare for Class 12 Economics Project Viva-Voce?

Ans: Prepare for your viva voce by considering all possible questions about your project and other economic concepts. Practice confidently expressing your thoughts, highlighting your project’s methodology, findings, and implications.

Q5. What are the important questions for Economics VIVA?

Ans: Viva questions may cover your project’s objectives, key findings, methodology, economic concepts related to your topic, challenges, solutions, etc. 

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Economics Class 12 for Commerce Exam Pattern 2024-2025

Economics Class 12 Exam Pattern for Commerce

Introduction

Overview of the exam pattern, part a: microeconomics.

• Duration: The duration of the exam for Part A is 3 hours.
• Total Marks: Part A carries a total of 40 marks.
• Types of Questions: The exam includes both objective and subjective questions.
• Question Distribution: The questions are distributed among various topics, such as Introduction to Microeconomics, Consumer Equilibrium and Demand, Producer Behavior and Supply, Forms of Market and Price Determination, and Government Intervention and its Effects.

Part B: Macroeconomics

• Duration: The duration of the exam for Part B is 3 hours.
• Total Marks: Part B carries a total of 40 marks.
• Question Distribution: The questions are distributed among various topics, such as National Income and Related Aggregates, Money and Banking, Determination of Income and Employment, Government Budget and the Economy, Balance of Payments, and Indian Economy on the Eve of Independence.

Important Tips for Exam Preparation

• Understand the Concepts: Develop a clear understanding of the economic concepts and theories taught in class.
• Practice Previous Year Papers: Solve previous year question papers to get an idea of the exam pattern and the types of questions asked.
• Create a Study Schedule: Prepare a study schedule that allows you to cover all the topics systematically.
• Stay Updated with Current Affairs: Stay updated with current economic affairs to answer questions related to the Indian economy.
• Seek Help when Needed: If you face any difficulties in understanding certain topics, don't hesitate to seek help from your teachers or classmates.

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