integrated msc phd in botany

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School of Integrative Plant Science

PhD Field of Plant Biology

Revealing fundamental principles of plant biology and evolution.

Graduate study in Cornell's Integrative School of Plant Science is organized into five Graduate Fields providing unparalleled opportunities to connect disciplines, creatively solve problems, and integrate complex systems, preparing graduates for diverse careers and futures as leaders in science and society.

Programs in the Field of Plant Biology range from the molecular/genetic investigation of fundamental plant processes and mathematical modeling of plant development to study of plant diversity and evolution. Most of the faculty advisors in the Field of Plant Biology are affiliated with the Section of Plant Biology in the School of Integrative Plant Science. The Graduate Field of Plant Biology encompasses a broad range of topics.

Grand Challenge Fellowships

The School of Integrative Plant Science (SIPS) is offering four two-year fellowships to graduate students for research tackling our  Grand Challenges .

• Fellowships are for August 2024 admission.
• Application deadline is December 1, 2023.  (November 15, 2023 for Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology.)
• More information.

Apply to the Graduate Field of Plant Biology

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Development, organelle biology, evolution and diversity, or systems biology - our students are making breakthroughs in many important research areas of plant biology

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Select the graduate field of interest from the pull-down menu on the linked page

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Karin Jantz Graduate Field Coordinator 233 Emerson Hall Phone: 607-255-4075 Email: kpg2 [at] cornell.edu (kpg2[at]cornell[dot]edu)

Adrienne Roeder Director of Graduate Studies 239 Weill Hall Phone: 607-255-4467 Email: ahr75 [at] cornell.edu (ahr75[at]cornell[dot]edu)

More information about graduate study in Plant Biology

See these links for information specific to MS/PhD studies in the Field of Plant Biology

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Learn more about graduate study in SIPS

Five interrelated Graduate Fields are associated with the School of Integrative Plant Science (SIPS) with many resources common to all

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Integrated M. Sc. + Ph. D. Biological Sciences

Duration - min 5 years.

The M.Sc. course in the first two years extends over 4 semesters involving 3 semesters of coursework and 1 semester of project work. It also offers a choice of electives in the third semester. After M.Sc., the students will commence the Ph.D. program subject to the required qualifying/passing criteria.

Duration: min 5 years

• M.Sc. in Biological Science AND M.Sc. Ph.D. in Biological Science: Bachelor of Science in Biology (Microbiology, Biochemistry, Applied Biology, Life Science, Biotechnology, Botany, Zoology), OR
• Chemistry, Physics (2 years of Biology at Graduate level), OR B. Pharm., B.E./ B.Tech (Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering) from a recognized University with minimum of 50% aggregate marks or equivalent grade.
• Unique program, with a provision of completing M.Sc. and Ph.D. in minimum 5 years.
• Extensive course work in line with the requirements of industry.
• Hands-on training on sophisticated analytical instruments.
• Development of skills to use statistical and computational techniques as research/data analysis tools.
• In-built opportunity to improve soft skills as well as scientific writing.

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Integrated Ph.D. Programme

Integrated Ph.D. Programme is a research programme. At the end of the successful completion, Master of Science and Ph.D. degree are awarded.

The first three semesters will consist of core and elective courses specialized in one subject (Biology, Chemistry, Mathematics or Physics). The fourth semester will consist of advanced courses and project work. After the successful completion of comprehensive and project work, the student will continue with research leading to the Ph.D. degree.

Eligibility

• A Bachelor's degree in Biological Sciences/Chemical Sciences/ Mathematical Sciences/ Physical Sciences/ Engineering/ Technology and related areas as applicable to individual Schools, under the 10+2+3/4 system.
• Candidates admitted to School of Physics must have a valid score in Joint Entrance Screening Test (JEST) .
• The minimum requirement for admission to the programme is 55% marks or 6.0 out of 10 CGPA in the Bachelor's degree (as declared by the University).
• Relaxation of eligibility criteria for SC/ST and PD applicants will be made according to Government of India rules.

Selection procedure

Short-listed candidates who have applied for School of Biology, Chemistry and Mathematics will be called for a written test and those short-listed in the written test will appear for interview(s). In the School of Physics, candidates with a valid JEST scorecard will be called for the interview

Duration of the Programme

The maximum duration of the Integrated Ph.D. programme is 14 semesters.

The students will be awarded Institute scholarship of Rs. 10,000/- per month until the successful completion of the coursework and comprehensive examination provided the student maintains a minimum AGPA (annual grade point average) of 6.5.

After clearing the comprehensive examination the studentship will be made equivalent to that of UGC-CSIR JRF/SRF excluding the contingency grant and HRA. The studentship will be paid for a maximum of 14 semesters (including 4 semesters of course work) for each student provided (s)he is in good academic standing.

Fellowship stands automatically terminated at the end of 14 semesters for which the student registered. Fees

For the current fee structure, see the following URL.

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Contact Dean (Academics) Tel: 0471-2778017 Email: phdprogramme[at]iisertvm[dot]ac[dot]in

For regulations applicable to previous years, click here

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Integrated PhD Program in Biological Sciences

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The Centre for Ecological Sciences, through the Division of Biological Sciences, admits students with a B.Sc degree, for an Integrated PhD Program. This mode of entrance to IISc is very competitive and is ideal for students who are highly motivated to pursue research soon after their Bachelor’s degree. During the first two years, students take a number of core and elective courses that expose them to a wide array of basic as well as advanced topics in biological sciences. As a part of the course work, during the first year of the program, students are required to do short term research projects in three/four research labs in different departments of the Biological Sciences division. This brief stint in each lab provides first-hand experience of the nature of research work, lab ambience and the work culture of those labs. Most students typically select the laboratory and supervisor they want to work with by the end of the first year.

All formalities are conducted through the regular IISc Admission process. Please visit IISc admissions page for the online application procedure, which will contain advertisement, information on application submission, exam and interview dates. All students who meet a certain cut-off in the entrance exam are called for the interview. The interviews are conducted by a panel of faculty from all departments of the Biological Sciences division.

Manipal Centre for Natural Sciences

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This Integrated MSc-PhD. program is open for students with Bachelor’s degree , highly meritorious, and motivated towards fundamental research in Natural Sciences such as physics, chemistry, earth and planetary sciences, evolutionary and developmental biology. However, for the current academic year, only Physics discipline is available, with a choice of specialization in (i) Astrophysics, (ii) Nuclear Physics. A student in this program would complete the courses mandatory for a Ph.D., along with the courses essential for an MSc., during the first two semesters, and also acquire ample research experience by working on a research project, during the 3 rd and the 4 th semesters. On successful completion of four semesters, the student can opt to exit with an Msc (by Research) degree in Physics, or can opt to continue for PhD.  Ph.D. level work begins at the 5 th semester. Such a student would be more equipped, than a regular MSc student, while beginning to do Ph.D. level work. 

The focus would be to bring out the research skills of a motivated Bachelor student. Added courses and projects, at Master’s and Ph.D. levels, would aim at building the student’s strength in the concept, and in the experimental, analytical, modeling and computational skills, towards understanding a complex natural phenomenon, even while pursuing studies for the Ph.D. degree, on a frontier problem in the chosen discipline.

Career Prospects:

Since the emphasis is on high quality research work, a student obtaining Ph.D. degree under this program would have acquired remarkable skills in research, from approach to the problem to its solution, and hence would have a competitive edge while seeking an academic position or employment as a professional researcher in a reputed institution in India or abroad.

5 Years ( Including M.Sc.)

Option to exit after 4th semester with M. Sc. by research degree. 

How to Apply

• Click "Apply Now" button seen on the right-side column.
• Fill the application, please choose the right program from the dropdown menu, as shown in the image below.

Key Dates & Deadlines

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Ph.D programme will be for a minimum duration of 3 years and maximum duration of 6 years .Minimum eligibility to register for Ph.D in Botany is M.Sc ( By papers ) /MSc ( By research )in any subject. It is mandatory to publish two research papers during the tenure of Ph.D programme based on their experimental data.

They would be able to present their research findings in conferences and can also be able to apply for patents.

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Career prospects, research facilities, eminent alumni, differentiators, key information.

• Duration 4 Years
• Programme Code
• Course Type
• Mode of study Full time
• Mandatory Ph.D degree for teaching in senior college. Opportunity to do Post doctorate , work as research associates in research institutes.
• Opportunity to work abroad and employability in government ( CSIR , CDRI ,CIMAP )and private sector( Pharma industry) , entrepreneur.
• UV-visible spectrophotometer
• Electrophoresis assembly
• Clevenger apparatus
• Soxhlet apparatus
• Photo bioreactor (50L) capacity
• Phase contrast microscope
• Central instrumentation facility
• Botanical and medicinal plant garden
• Plant tissue culture laboratory

Research Guides

• Dr.Ajit Katdare.( Mycology )
• Dr.Meena Patankar.( Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry )

Research Area

• Plant Biotechnology
• Phytochemistry
• Pharmacognosy
• Aerobiology
• Environmental Botany
• Developmental Biology
• Cytogenetics and Molecular biology

• Botanical and Medicinal plant garden for Cultivation studies.
• Plant tissue culture Laboratory
• Well-equipped research laboratory

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Biodiversity and Taxonomy of Plants MSc, PgDip

Awards: MSc, PgDip

Study modes: Full-time, Part-time

Funding opportunities

Programme website: Biodiversity and Taxonomy of Plants

Discovery Day

Join us online on 21st August to learn more about postgraduate study at Edinburgh.

Find out more and register

Programme description

Understanding plant diversity and resources has never been more important. As we face the unprecedented challenges of climate change and environmental degradation, effective environmental surveillance and conservation depend on detailed knowledge of plants and their habitats. Understanding plant diversity also allows us to understand how best to use these incredible organisms for a more sustainable future.

This programme is run jointly by the University and the world-renowned Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE). The RBGE is home to one of the world’s best living collections of plants (15,000 species across 4 sites, amounting to 5% of known world species), a herbarium of 3 million preserved specimens and one of the world’s most comprehensive botanical libraries. This diversity, coupled with the RBGE’s world-leading research, provides an unrivalled masters programme in plant biodiversity.

RBGE offers collections-based biodiversity research opportunities across a wide spectrum of organisms and geographical regions. Throughout the MSc, you will develop expertise across fungi, lichens, algae and plants, developing excellent identification and research skills. These skills are invaluable across a great many research areas from ecology to evolutionary genetics, and very much in demand in the commercial and education sectors.

Programme structure

This programme is full time and consists of two semesters of lectures, workshops and investigations, followed by a four-month research project.

The programme can also be taken on a part-time basis over two years. Part-time students can opt either to take 60 credits of taught courses in the first year of study, followed by the remaining 60 credits of taught courses and the four-month research project in the second year of study, or all taught courses in the first year followed by the four-month research project in the second year of study.

The programme is delivered mainly at RBGE but also at the University’s King’s Buildings campus.

Your research project will be chosen in consultation with your supervisor, and will link directly with active research programmes at RBGE or other research institutions.

Find out more about compulsory and optional courses

We link to the latest information available. Please note that this may be for a previous academic year and should be considered indicative.

Career opportunities

Our graduates can continue their research at PhD-level, or may pursue a career in a range of biological areas including:

• conservation

Past students have entered a wide variety of jobs at research institutions such as universities, conservation and government agencies and consultancies or working in industry.

Our Careers Service will support you throughout your time studying with us and for 2 years after your studies finish. They can provide:

• tailored advice
• individual guidance and personal assistance
• internship and networking opportunities (with employers from local organisations to top multinationals)
• access to the experience of our worldwide alumni network

Part-time study

The programme can also be taken on a part time basis over two years.

Part-time students wishing to take 60 credits of taught courses in the first year of study, followed by the remaining 60 credits of taught courses and the four-month research project in the second year of study should apply for the MSc Biodiversity and Taxonomy of Plants (60/120 credits) - 2 Years (Part-time).

Part-time students wishing to take all taught courses in the first year followed by the four-month research project in the second year of study should apply for the MSc Biodiversity and Taxonomy of Plants (120/60 credits) - 2 Years (Part-time).

Please note that part-time tuition fees vary depending on the number of credits taken per year.

If you are interested in part-time study but unsure which part-time route to apply for, you are encouraged to contact the Programme Director to discuss both options prior to submitting an application. It is possible to transfer between part-time routes prior to the commencement of study.

Entry requirements

These entry requirements are for the 2024/25 academic year and requirements for future academic years may differ. Entry requirements for the 2025/26 academic year will be published on 1 Oct 2024.

A UK 2:1 honours degree, or its international equivalent, in biological, horticultural, or environmental science.

Relevant work experience is desirable (for example, any prior activities that would prepare you for the programme, such as: attending workshops or short courses, collecting trips, plant-related previous jobs, publication of papers etc).

Other degrees will be considered on an individual basis, provided that a keen interest in plants can be demonstrated.

Students from China

This degree is Band C.

• Postgraduate entry requirements for students from China

International qualifications

Check whether your international qualifications meet our general entry requirements:

• Entry requirements by country
• English language requirements

Regardless of your nationality or country of residence, you must demonstrate a level of English language competency at a level that will enable you to succeed in your studies.

English language tests

We accept the following English language qualifications at the grades specified:

• IELTS Academic: total 7.0 with at least 6.0 in each component. We do not accept IELTS One Skill Retake to meet our English language requirements.
• TOEFL-iBT (including Home Edition): total 100 with at least 20 in each component. We do not accept TOEFL MyBest Score to meet our English language requirements.
• C1 Advanced ( CAE ) / C2 Proficiency ( CPE ): total 185 with at least 169 in each component.
• Trinity ISE : ISE III with passes in all four components.
• PTE Academic: total 70 with at least 59 in each component.

Your English language qualification must be no more than three and a half years old from the start date of the programme you are applying to study, unless you are using IELTS , TOEFL, Trinity ISE or PTE , in which case it must be no more than two years old.

Degrees taught and assessed in English

We also accept an undergraduate or postgraduate degree that has been taught and assessed in English in a majority English speaking country, as defined by UK Visas and Immigration:

• UKVI list of majority English speaking countries

We also accept a degree that has been taught and assessed in English from a university on our list of approved universities in non-majority English speaking countries (non-MESC).

• Approved universities in non-MESC

If you are not a national of a majority English speaking country, then your degree must be no more than five years old* at the beginning of your programme of study. (*Revised 05 March 2024 to extend degree validity to five years.)

Find out more about our language requirements:

Fees and costs

Tuition fees.

Please note that part-time tuition fees vary depending on the number of credits taken each year.

Scholarships and funding

Featured funding.

• School of Biological Sciences Taught Postgraduate Bursaries

UK government postgraduate loans

If you live in the UK, you may be able to apply for a postgraduate loan from one of the UK’s governments.

The type and amount of financial support you are eligible for will depend on:

• your programme
• the duration of your studies
• your tuition fee status

Programmes studied on a part-time intermittent basis are not eligible.

• UK government and other external funding

Other funding opportunities

Search for scholarships and funding opportunities:

• Search for funding

Further information

• Programme Team
• Phone: +44 (0)131 651 7052
• Contact: [email protected]
• Biology Teaching Organisation
• School of Biological Sciences
• James Clerk Maxwell Building
• The King's Buildings Campus
• Programme: Biodiversity and Taxonomy of Plants
• School: Biological Sciences
• College: Science & Engineering

Select your programme and preferred start date to begin your application.

MSc Biodiversity and Taxonomy of Plants - 1 Year (Full-time)

Msc biodiversity and taxonomy of plants (60/120 credits) - 2 years (part-time), msc biodiversity and taxonomy of plants (120/60 credits) - 2 years (part-time), pgdip biodiversity and taxonomy of plants - 9 months (full-time), application deadlines.

Demand for places on this programme is extremely high and places are allocated to suitably qualified applicants on a first-come first-served basis.

If you are applying for funding we encourage you to submit your programme application as early as possible because, in most cases, you will need a programme offer before you can make your funding application. Most funding deadlines are no later than June.

• How to apply

You must submit one reference with your application.

Find out more about the general application process for postgraduate programmes:

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• Postgraduate study

Postgraduate research opportunities A-Z

• Plant Science
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Postgraduate research  

Plant Science PhD/iPhD/MSc (Research)

Our Plant Science research covers topics such as plant-environment interactions, cell signalling, cell and membrane biology, protein structure and function, gene regulation, synthetic biology, systems biology and translational biology.

Research projects

Chromatin dynamics regulating light and temperature signalling in arabidopsis.

Supervisor :  Eirini Kaiserli

Outline & aim:  Environmental and endogenous stimuli shape plant development, growth and photoprotection by triggering nuclear processes that lead to major changes in gene expression.

This project will focus on understanding how light and ambient temperature signals integrate at the level of transcription to control plant adaptation. The student will characterise the role of novel transcriptional regulators in mediating photo- and thermo-morphogenesis using a series of molecular, cellular, and phenotypic analysis.

Techniques:  Confocal microscopy, qRT-PCR, Western blot, ChIP, Next Generation Sequencing (RNAseq, ChIPseq), protein-protein interaction studies, hypocotyl elongation, flowering initiation assays.

Environmental regulation of plant gene expression – the role of ultraviolet light

Supervisor:  Gareth Jenkins

Project description : Light is a major environmental factor regulating plant growth and development and has an impact on crop production. Ultraviolet-B radiation in sunlight regulates numerous aspects of plant metabolism, development and physiology (Jenkins, 2017). Many of these responses involve the UV-B photoreceptor UVR8 and entail the regulation of expression of numerous genes (Jenkins, 2017).

The aim of this project will be to understand how the UVR8 photoreceptor is able to regulate gene expression to modify plant responses. Recent research has shown that UVR8 functions by interacting with various proteins, including several transcription factors (Liu & Jenkins, 2024). These interactions alter gene expression and underpin regulatory responses to UV-B. Little is known about these interactions and how they are regulated, but we have recently shown that phosphorylation of UVR8 modifies a specific interaction and alters a key response to UV-B (Liu et al., 2024).

The objectives of the project will focus on particular aspects of UVR8 function and regulation, such as: the molecular basis of interaction between UVR8 and transcription factors; the regulation of UVR8 phosphorylation in plants; the role of phosphorylation in UVR8 action in plant responses to UV-B. The focus of the research will take into account the background and interests of the student.

Techniques : Growth and UV-B treatment of Arabidopsis plants. Protein isolation and immunodetection. Protein interaction assays, e.g. by co-immunoprecipitation. Gene expression assays, e.g. by qRT-PCR. Monitoring plant responses to UV-B e.g. by measuring extension growth and biochemical composition.

References :

Jenkins (2017) Photomorphogenic responses to ultraviolet-B light. Plant Cell and Environment 40: 2544-2557.

Liu, Giuriani, Havlikova, Li, Lamont, Neugart, Velanis, Petersen, Hoecker, Christie & Jenkins (2024). Phosphorylation of Arabidopsis UVR8 photoreceptor modulates protein interactions and responses to UV-B radiation. Nature Communications, 15: 1221.

Liu & Jenkins (2024) Recent advances in UV-B signalling: interaction of proteins with the UVR8 photoreceptor. Journal of Experimental Botany doi: 10.1093/jxb/erae132.

Molecular mechanics of clustering and gating in plant ion channels

Supervisor: Michael Blatt

Outline & aim : The organisation of ion channels in eukaryotic membranes is intimately connected with their activity, but the mechanics of the connections are, in general, poorly understood. Both in animals and plant, many ion channels assemble in discrete clusters that localise within the surface of the cell membrane. The clustering of the GORK channel — responsible for potassium efflux for stomatal regulation in the model plant Arabidopsis — is intimately connected with its gating by extracellular K+. Recent work from this laboratory yielded new insights into the processes linking K+ binding within the GORK channel pore to clustering of the channel proteins.

This project will explore the physical structure of GORK that determines its self-interaction as a function of the K+ concentration with the aim of understanding its integration with the well-known mechanics of channel gating.

Techniques : The student will gain expertise in molecular biological methods, and a deep grounding in the concepts of membrane transport, cell biology and physiology. Skills training will include in-depth engagement in molecular biology, protein biochemistry and molecular genetic/protein design, single-cell imaging and fluorescence microscopy, and single-cell recording techniques of electrophysiology using heterologous expression in mammalian cell systems and in plants.

• Lefoulon, et al. (2014) Plant Physiol 166, 950-75
• Eisenach, et al. (2012) Plant J 69, 241-51
• Dreyer & Blatt (2009) Trends Plant Sci 14, 383-90

Synthetic biology for enhancing crop water use efficiency

Supervisor:  Michael Blatt

Outline & aim : Stomata are pores that provide for gaseous exchange across the impermeable cuticle of leaves. Stomata exert major controls on the water and photosynthetic carbon cycles of the world and can limit photosynthetic rates by 50% or more when water demand exceeds supply. Guard cells surround the stomatal pore and regulate its aperture. Our deep knowledge of guard cells – much arising from this laboratory – gives real substance to prospects for engineering stomata to improve crop yields under water-limited conditions.

This project will engage the synthetic tools of optobiology with the aim of accelerating stomatal responses to environmental drivers, especially light and water availability, both important for crop production. The project will draw on optobiological switches – notably LOV domain peptides – and will use these to control the gating of key ion channels at the guard cell membrane that are known to drive stomatal movements.

Techniques : The student will gain expertise in synthetic and molecular biological methods, and a deep grounding in the concepts of membrane transport, cell biology and physiology. Skills training will include in-depth engagement in synthetic molecular biology, protein biochemistry and molecular genetic/protein design, single-cell imaging and fluorescence microscopy and analysis. Additional training may include single-cell recording techniques in electrophysiology and membrane transport.

• Wang, et al. (2014) Plant Physiol 164,1593-99
• Lawson & Blatt (2014) Plant Physiol 164, 1556-70

Understanding how phototropin blue light receptor kinase signal from the plant plasma membrane

Supervisor :  John Christie

Project description : The ability to enhance photosynthetic capacity remains a recognised bottleneck to improving plant productivity. Phototropin receptor kinases (phot1 and phot2) play an important role in this regard by coordinating multiple light-capturing processes. These include phototropism, chloroplast accumulation movement, stomatal opening, leaf flattening and positioning all of which influence a plant's photosynthetic competence by improving the efficiency of light capture and regulating gas exchange between leaves and the atmosphere. Modulating these processes offers considerable potential to alter plant growth through changes in photosynthetic performance.

Yet, our understanding of how these autophosphorylating kinases initiate signalling from the plasma membrane (PM) is far from complete. Information on their substrates has been limited by the lack of a means to identify their phosphorylation targets in vitro. Gatekeeper engineering can overcome this limitation. The gatekeeper residue within the kinase domain of phots can be engineered to accommodate non-natural ATP analogues such as N6-benzyl-ATPγS6. This modification enables thiophosphorylation of substrate targets that can be detected using specific antibodies. Using this approach, we have now been able to identify new substrate targets. We are therefore able to offer several projects in this area aimed at further charactering the role of receptor autophosphorylation and kinase signalling in the plant model Arabidopsis.

Techniques : The project will provide excellent training in a range of techniques associated with molecular biology, confocal imaging, genetics, and biochemistry. Training will also be given in key skills including teaching, project-management, and science communication.

• Christie et al. (2018) Plant Physiol. 176, 1015
• Hart et al. (2019) PNAS 116, 12550
• Papanatsiou et al. (2019) Science 363, 1456
• Schanbel et al. (2018) J Biol Cem 293, 5613
• Sullivan et al. (2021) Nat Commun 12, 6129
• Waksman et al. (2023) Plant J 114, 390

IPhD self-funded projects (October-April)

Our  Integrated PhD  combines an MSc and PhD project in a 1+3+1 format. You can select from the below projects and indentify your chosen MSc from the options listed on the project.

Please note that you can apply for the below PhD projects outwith the IPhD route.

Engineering stomatal patterning in plants for enhanced water use efficiency

Supervisor : 

MSc choices :  Food Security [MSc] ,  Biotechnology [MSc]

Outline : Globally, agricultural fresh-water usage has increased 6-fold in the past 100 years, twice as fast as the human population, and is expected to double again before 2030, driven mainly by agriculture. Plant water use efficiency (WUE), defined as the amount of dry matter produced per unit of water transpired is directly related to stomatal function. Stomata of plants are mouth-shaped gates that have the ability to open and close. Stomata facilitate gas exchange, most importantly of water vapour and CO2, between the interior of the leaf and the atmosphere (Jezek and Blatt, 2017). Stomatal behaviours, including movement, density and patterning impacts plant productivity against water use. Thus, stomata represent an important target for breeders interested in manipulating crop performance.

Stomatal development traits, evolved over generations and across species of plants, dictate the distribution and density of the stomata and influence their function (Papanatsiou et al., 2017). For example, the Begonia species of plants display distinct stomatal clustering patterns, an adaptation that facilitates reduced water loss for growth (Rudall et al., 2018, Papanatsiou et al., 2017). Begonias are evolved to grow in tropical montane forests and adapted to a diverse environment. Stomatal patterning in Begonias is thought to have developed as a result of a series of asymmetric divisions opposed to the more common spaced-out single stomata patterns, producing unusual stomatal meristemoids (Tang et al., 2002). In Arabidopsis, a model plant with spaced out stomata, several genes that associate with stomatal development are identified. Yet very little is understood about stomatal patterning and its impact on stomatal function. This project will build upon ongoing work in the lab to resolve the molecular mechanisms driving stomatal clustering using Begonias and to implement this knowledge to engineer stomatal patterns for enhanced water use efficiency in Arabidopsis thaliana model.

The leading theme for the project will be to track variation in stomatal patterning across Begonias in correlation with environment and lineages which are labile and stable, thus revealing the various physiological roles for this unusual feature. This work will be carried out in collaboration with Dr Catherine Kidner, at the University of Edinburgh and the Royal Botanical Gardens Edinburgh that hold genetically verified Begonias. Experimental approaches in molecular and cell biology and stomatal physiology will be employed.

• N. Zoulias, E. L. Harrison, S. A. Casson, J. E. Gray, Molecular control of stomatal development. Biochem J 475, 441-454 (2018).
• M. Papanatsiou, A. Amtmann, M. R. Blatt, Stomatal clustering in Begonia associates with the kinetics of leaf gaseous exchange and influences water use efficiency. J Exp Bot 68, 2309-2315 (2017).
• P. J. Rudall, A. C. M. Julier, C. A. Kidner, Ultrastructure and development of non-contiguous stomatal clusters and helicocytic patterning in Begonia. Annals of botany 122, 767-776 (2018).
• H. Y. X. TANG Min, LIN Jin Xing, JIN Xiao Bai, Developmental Mechanism and Distribution Pattern of Stomatal Clusters in Begonia peltatifolia. J Integr Plant Biol 44, 384-390 (2002).

Enhancing Plants’ Responses to Environmental Stress

Supervisors :  Matt Jones ,  Rea Laila Antoniou Kourounioti

MSc choices :  Food Security ,  Biotechnology ,  Bioinformatics

Outline & aim : This project will discover how plants integrate light and temperature signals to respond to challenges induced by climate change. The successful applicant will utilize advanced timelapse imaging, next-generation sequencing, and predictive modelling to define the immediate molecular consequences of light and temperature signals.

One crucial component of plants’ sensory network is the circadian clock. In plants these biological timers govern responses to light and temperature (dependent on time of day), whilst also coordinating flowering time. Importantly, the circadian system adapts to prevailing conditions- monitoring circadian readouts consequently provides a robust, integrated measure of environmental responses.

Plants monitor light and temperature changes via a suite of sensory proteins that initiate signaling cascades. During this project we will utilize a combination of engineered photosensors and thermosensors to examine how light and temperature signals are perceived and integrated into the circadian oscillator.

Techniques used :

• Timelapse imaging
• Mathematical modelling
• James et al. 2024 REVEILLE2 thermosensitive splicing: a molecular basis for the integration of nocturnal temperature information by the Arabidopsis circadian clock. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37897048

Examining novel CO2-sensing mechanisms in plants to improve water use efficiency

Outline : Elevated carbon dioxide concentration in air is a major consequence of global climate change. Atmospheric CO2 concentration is predicted to rise from pre-industrial level of 280 μmol mol-1, approaching 900 μmol mol-1 by the end of the 21st century. Plants assimilate CO2 for photosynthesis through microscopic pores called ‘stomata’ in exchange for transpirational water loss. The regulation of stomatal density and movements in response to the environment dictates carbon and water cycles on the Earth. Stomatal regulation is sensitive to CO2; for example, plants respond to elevated CO2 rapidly by adjusting stomatal movements, and by long-term changes in stomatal density and patterning on the leaf surface (Jezek and Blatt, 2017). Experiments will involve the use of model plant Arabidopsis thaliana.

Techniques in cell biology, membrane biochemistry, yeast-based protein-protein interaction studies (Karnik and Blatt, 2023) will be employed. Physiological analysis will include analysis of stomatal physiology, gas exchange, biomass gain and water use. Working withing the vibrant multi-disciplinary research environment at the University of Glasgow, successful candidates will be able to avail personal and career development opportunities to build a career in plant science.

• Jezek, M., and Blatt, M.R. (2017). The Membrane Transport System of the Guard Cell and Its Integration for Stomatal Dynamics. Plant Physiol 174, 487-519.
• Karnik, R., and Blatt, M.R. (2023). Analyzing Protein-Protein Interactions Using the Split-Ubiquitin System. Methods Mol Biol 2690, 23-36.
• Xia, L., Mar Marques-Bueno, M., Bruce, C.G., and Karnik, R. (2019). Unusual Roles of Secretory SNARE SYP132 in Plasma Membrane H(+)-ATPase Traffic and Vegetative Plant Growth. Plant Physiol 180, 837-858.

Mechanics of multifactorial stress responses in plants – How do abiotic stress signals integrate with pathogen immunity?  

Outline : Plants have the innate ability to respond to pathogens together with multiple abiotic stress challenges, but such responses often come at a cost to plant productivity and water use. Almost 15% of crop produce worldwide is lost to pathogen diseases annually (FAO, 2015). Making the situation worse, climate challenges are predicted to promote drought occurrences, increase soil salinity, elevate global temperature and pathogen loads worldwide (Dai, 2013). The combined challenges of pathogens and abiotic stress are thought to limit agricultural outputs to 30% of the genetic potential. In the face of growing global demand and ever more limited land and water resources, these loses are unsustainable. Hence, resolving mechanistic framework for pathogen and abiotic stress interactions in plants poses a fundamental challenge with relevance for mitigating crop losses.

Stomata are microscopic pores that facilitate the passage of gases and water vapour between the atmosphere and the interior of the leaf across the impermeable cuticle of leaves and stems. Stomatal opening and closing are regulated by environmental factors; for instance stomata open in response to light and the demand for CO2 within the leaf for photosynthesis. Stomata close in the dark, when atmospheric relative humidity decreases, to defend against pathogen entry and to prevent dehydration for plant survival under drought (Jezek and Blatt, 2017). Research in Karnik lab has identified that phytohormone-regulation of plasma membrane H+-ATPase trafficking impacts directly on plant growth, stomatal function and pathogen immunity (Baena et al., 2022, Xia et al., 2020, Xia et al., 2019).

This project builds upon our recent work and will examine mechanisms of plasma membrane H+-ATPase regulation that integrate abiotic stress signals with pathogen immunity. The studies will rely on the extensive knowledge into transport, its kinetics, and its regulation by vesicle traffic (Jezek and Blatt, 2017, Xia et al., 2019), references therein] which has made the guard cell one of the best-known plant cell models, and a promising target for crop engineering (Papanatsiou et al., 2019). Experiments will be carried out using model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and bacterial pathogens Pseudomonas syringae PstDC3000 to study disease immunity.

Techniques in cell biology, membrane biochemistry, yeast-based protein-protein interaction studies (Karnik and Blatt, 2023) and plant physiology will be employed. Working withing the vibrant multi-disciplinary research environment at the University of Glasgow, successful candidates will be able to avail personal and career development opportunities to build a career in plant science.

• Baena, G., Xia, L., Waghmare, S., and Karnik, R. (2022). SNARE SYP132 mediates divergent traffic of plasma membrane H+-ATPase AHA1 and antimicrobial PR1 during bacterial pathogenesis. Plant Physiol 189, 1639-1661.
• Dai, A. (2013). Increasing drought under global warming in observations and models. Nature Climate Change 3, 52-58.
• FAO (2015). Keeping Plant Pests and Diseases at Bay: Experts Focus on Global Measures.
• Papanatsiou, M., Petersen, J., Henderson, L., Wang, Y., Christie, J.M., and Blatt, M.R. (2019). Optogenetic manipulation of stomatal kinetics improves carbon assimilation, water use, and growth. Science 363, 1456-1459.
• Xia, L., Mar Marques-Bueno, M., and Karnik, R. (2020). Trafficking SNARE SYP132 Partakes in Auxin-Associated Root Growth. Plant Physiol 182, 1836-1840.

Plant Science at Glasgow is focused on fostering education and training in research to develop sustainable agriculture in an era of global climate change. Our research is centred on exploring how plants respond to their environment to regulate nutrition, water homeostasis, metabolism and various aspects of plant development. Our goal is to apply the knowledge gained from our research to address key issues affecting food security, crop science and technology. Plant Science at Glasgow adopts a multidisciplinary approach within the School of Molecular Biosciences  that covers topics such as plant-environment interactions, cell signalling, cell and membrane biology, protein structure and function, gene regulation, synthetic biology, systems biology and translational biology.

Projects are typically related to basic science and integrate with our existing research themes, while other projects are focused on translational aspects of our research. A variety of multidisciplinary research approaches are applied within this research programme, including biochemistry, molecular biology, molecular genetics, biophysics, structural biology, systems biology, polyomics (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics), bioinformatics and synthetic biology, as well as cellular imaging of biological functions. Specific areas of interest include:

• control of gene expression
• epigenetics and crop improvement
• temperature sensing
• plant mineral nutrition
• protein structure and function
• responses to salinity and drought
• light regulation of plant growth and development
• UV-B perception and signalling
• nuclear organisation and function
• stomatal function and water use efficiency
• ion channel function and membrane transport
• plant-virus interactions and pest resistance
• protein engineering and application
• synthetic manipulation of plant responses

Our PhD programme provides excellent training in cutting edge technologies that will be applicable to career prospects in both academia and industry. Many of our graduates become postdoctoral research associates while others go on to take up positions within industry either locally (e.g. BioOutsource) or overseas (e.g. BASF). We have strong academic connections with many international collaborators in universities and research institutes. Funds are available through the College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences to allow visits to international laboratories where part of your project can be carried out. This provides an excellent opportunity for networking and increasing your scientific knowledge and skill set.

Study options

• Duration:  3/4 years full-time; 5 years part-time

Individual research projects are tailored around the expertise of principal investigators.

Integrated PhD programmes (5 years)

Our  Integrated PhD  allows you to combine masters level teaching with your chosen research direction in a 1+3+1 format. 

International students with MSc and PhD scholarships/funding do not have to apply for 2 visas or exit and re-enter the country between programmes. International and UK/EU students may apply.

Taught masters level modules are taken alongside students on our masters programmes. Our research-led teaching supports you to fine tune your research ideas and discuss these with potential PhD supervisors. You will gain a valuable introduction to academic topics, research methods, laboratory skills and the critical evaluation of research data. Your grades must meet our requirements in order to gain entry on to your pre-selected PhD research project. If not, you will have the options to pay outstanding MSc fees and complete with masters degree only.

Years 2, 3 and 4

PhD programme with research/lab work, completing an examinable piece of independent research in year 4.

Thesis write up.

MSc (Research)

• Duration : 1 year full-time; 2 years part-time

Entry requirements

A 2.1 Honours degree or equivalent.

English language requirements

For applicants whose first language is not English, the University sets a minimum English Language proficiency level.

International English Language Testing System (IELTS) Academic module (not General Training)

• 6.5 with no subtests under 6.0
• Tests must have been taken within 2 years 5 months of start date. Applicants must meet the overall and subtest requirements using a single test
• IELTS One Skill Retake accepted.

Common equivalent English language qualifications accepted for entry to this programme:

Toefl (ibt, my best or athome).

• 79; with Reading 13; Listening 12; Speaking 18;Writing 21
• Tests must have been taken within 2 years 5 months of start date. Applicants must meet the overall and subtest requirements , this includes TOEFL mybest.

Pearsons PTE Academic

• 59 with minimum 59 in all subtests
• Tests must have been taken within 2 years 5 months of start date. Applicants must meet the overall and subtest requirements using a single test.

Cambridge Proficiency in English (CPE) and Cambridge Advanced English (CAE)

• 176 overall, no subtest less than 169

Oxford English Test

• Oxford ELLT 7
• R&L: OIDI level no less than 6 with Reading: 21-24 Listening: 15-17
• W&S: OIDI level no less than 6

Trinity College Tests

Integrated Skills in English II & III & IV: ISEII Distinction with Distinction in all sub-tests.

University of Glasgow Pre-sessional courses

Tests are accepted for 2 years following date of successful completion.

Alternatives to English Language qualification

• students must have studied for a minimum of 2 years at Undergraduate level, or 9 months at Master's level, and must have complete their degree in that majority-English speaking country  and  within the last 6 years
• students must have completed their final two years study in that majority-English speaking country  and  within the last 6 years

For international students, the Home Office has confirmed that the University can choose to use these tests to make its own assessment of English language ability for visa applications to degree level programmes. The University is also able to accept UKVI approved Secure English Language Tests (SELT) but we do not require a specific UKVI SELT for degree level programmes. We therefore still accept any of the English tests listed for admission to this programme.

Pre-sessional courses

The University of Glasgow accepts evidence of the required language level from the English for Academic Study Unit Pre-sessional courses. We also consider other BALEAP accredited pre-sessional courses:

• School of Modern Languages and Cultures: English for Academic Study
• BALEAP guide to accredited courses

Fees and funding

• UK: £4,786
• International & EU: £30,240

Prices are based on the annual fee for full-time study. Fees for part-time study are half the full-time fee.

Irish nationals who are living in the Common Travel Area of the UK, EU nationals with settled or pre-settled status, and Internationals with Indefinite Leave to remain status can also qualify for home fee status.

• Fee status and policies

Alumni discount

We offer a 20% discount to our alumni on all Postgraduate Research and full Postgraduate Taught Masters programmes. This includes University of Glasgow graduates and those who have completed Junior Year Abroad, Exchange programme or International Summer School with us. The discount is applied at registration for students who are not in receipt of another discount or scholarship funded by the University. No additional application is required.

Possible additional fees

• Re-submission by a research student £540
• Submission for a higher degree by published work £1,355
• Submission of thesis after deadline lapsed £350
• Submission by staff in receipt of staff scholarship £790

Depending on the nature of the research project, some students will be expected to pay a bench fee (also known as research support costs) to cover additional costs. The exact amount will be provided in the offer letter.

The IPhD is not supported by University of Glasgow Scholarship/Funding

• BBSRC Doctoral Training Partnerships
• External funding information

The College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences Graduate School provides a vibrant, supportive and stimulating environment for all our postgraduate students. We aim to provide excellent support for our postgraduates through dedicated postgraduate convenors, highly trained supervisors and pastoral support for each student.   Our overarching aim is to provide a research training environment that includes:

• provision of excellent facilities and cutting edge techniques
• training in essential research and generic skills
• excellence in supervision and mentoring
• interactive discussion groups and seminars
• an atmosphere that fosters critical cultural policy and research analysis
• synergy between research groups and areas
• extensive multidisciplinary and collaborative research
• extensive external collaborations both within and beyond the UK 
• a robust generic skills programme including opportunities in social and commercial training

We are equipped for:

• protein biochemistry
• molecular biology
• spectroscopy and microscopy
• growth facilities with narrow and broad spectrum illumination
• single-cell and whole-plant imaging
• electrophysiology and in vivo measurements of ion concentrations
• whole-plant physiology
• plus glasshouses, growth rooms, plant, mammalian and insect cell culture facilities

We offer a wide range of cutting-edge research facilities including cell imaging and biophysical techniques with NMR. Our protein characterisation facility includes tate of the art machinery for analysing protein structure and interactions. In addition, we offer mass spectrometry, next generation sequencing and other polyomic approaches. 

How to apply

Identify potential supervisors.

All Postgraduate Research Students are allocated a supervisor who will act as the main source of academic support and research mentoring. You may want to identify a potential supervisor and contact them to discuss your research proposal before you apply. Please note, even if you have spoken to an academic staff member about your proposal you still need to submit an online application form.

You can find relevant academic staff members with our staff research interests search .

IPhD applicants do not need to contact a supervisor, as you will choose from a list of IPhD projects. Each project has named supervisors.

Gather your documents

Before applying please make sure you gather the following supporting documentation:

• Final or current degree transcripts including grades (and an official translation, if needed) – scanned copy in colour of the original document.
• Degree certificates (and an official translation, if needed): scanned copy in colour of the original document
• Two references on headed paper and signed by the referee. One must be academic, the other can be academic or professional [except iPhD applicants, where only one academic or professional reference is required]. References may be uploaded   as part of the application form or you may enter your referees contact details on the application form. We will then email your referee and notify you when we receive the reference.  We can also accept confidential references direct to  [email protected] , from the referee’s university or business email account.
• Research proposal, CV, samples of written work as per requirements for each subject area. iPhD applicants do not need to submit any of these as you will start your programme by choosing a masters.
• Completed  College of MVLS Postgraduate Research Cover Letter

Notes for iPhD applicants

• add 'I wish to study the MSc in (select MSc from IPhD project choices) as the masters taught component of the IPhD' in the research proposal box
• For supervisor name, please ensure you write the named supervisors from your chosen IPhD project.

Before you apply

PhD/MSc/MD: email  [email protected]

iPhD: email  [email protected]

After you have submitted your application

PhD/MSc/MD/iPhD:  contact our Admissions team

Any  references  may be submitted by email to:  [email protected]

Our research environment

• Discover how we support and develop postgraduate researchers
• Getting started with PGR development:   how postgraduate researchers are welcomed into our community

Postgraduate researcher blogs

• A community blog, written by and for postgraduate researchers at the University of Glasgow

100 Best universities for Botany in India

Updated: February 29, 2024

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Below is a list of best universities in India ranked based on their research performance in Botany. A graph of 3.57M citations received by 267K academic papers made by 419 universities in India was used to calculate publications' ratings, which then were adjusted for release dates and added to final scores.

We don't distinguish between undergraduate and graduate programs nor do we adjust for current majors offered. You can find information about granted degrees on a university page but always double-check with the university website.

1. Banaras Hindu University

2. Indian Agricultural Research Institute

3. University of Delhi

4. Aligarh Muslim University

5. Punjab Agricultural University

6. Annamalai University

7. Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

8. Tamil Nadu Agricultural University

9. All India Institute of Medical Sciences Delhi

10. Indian Institute of Science

11. University of Calcutta

12. Panjab University

13. Indian Institute of Technology Delhi

14. Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University

15. Jawaharlal Nehru University

16. University of Madras

17. VIT University

18. Guru Nanak Dev University

19. Bharathiar University

20. University of Hyderabad

21. Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research

22. Jamia Hamdard University

23. Jadavpur University

24. Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee

25. Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology

26. Indian Institute of Technology Madras

27. University of Mysore

28. Savitribai Phule Pune University

29. Manipal Academy of Higher Education

30. Amity University

31. Institute of Chemical Technology

32. University of Allahabad

33. Bharathidasan University

34. University of Lucknow

35. Anna University

36. Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati

37. Indian Institute of Technology Bombay

38. Pondicherry University

39. University of Kashmir

40. Andhra University

41. Osmania University

42. Punjabi University Patiala

43. University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore

44. University of Burdwan

45. University of Kerala

46. Indian Veterinary Research Institute

47. Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur

48. University of Rajasthan

49. Shivaji University

50. Sri Venkateswara University

51. Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gorakhpur University

52. University of Calicut

53. Karnatak University

54. National Islamic University

55. Dr. Hari Singh Gour University

56. Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry

57. Kumaun University

58. Lovely Professional University

59. Forest Research Institute

60. university of mumbai.

61. Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda

62. North Eastern Hill University

63. Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University

64. Bidhan Chandra Agricultural University

65. SRM Institute of Science and Technology

66. Madurai Kamaraj University

67. Indian Statistical Institute

68. University of Kalyani

69. Visva-Bharati University

70. CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University

71. Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir

72. Devi Ahilya University / Indore University

73. Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology

74. Alagappa University

75. Tata Institute of Fundamental Research

76. Kerala Agricultural University

77. National Dairy Research Institute

78. Maharishi Dayanand University

79. Sardar Patel University

80. Tezpur University

81. Kurukshetra University

82. Amrita University

83. University of Jammu

84. National Institute of Technology, Rourkela

85. Vidyasagar University

86. Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences

87. Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology

88. Mahatma Gandhi University

89. Periyar University

90. Bangalore University

91. Assam University

92. Siksha O Anusandhan University

93. Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu

94. University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad

95. Birla Institute of Technology and Science

96. Birla Institute of Technology

97. Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University

98. Saveetha University

99. SASTRA University

100. Mangalore University

The best cities to study Botany in India based on the number of universities and their ranks are Varanasi , Delhi , Aligarh , and Ludhiana .

Biology subfields in India

Best Postgraduate Courses after BSc Botany

Quick Summary

• B.Sc. in Botany is an undergraduate academic course where students learn about various aspects of plant biology.
• M.Sc. in Botany or M.Sc. in Environmental Science are among the best courses after B.Sc. Botany.
• Top career options after BSc Botany include roles as a Botanist, Geneticist, Research Scientist,  and Science Teacher.

Table of Contents

A BSc degree in Botany in your arsenal opens many opportunities for further studies, research and lucrative job opportunities in India and abroad. Unlike the popular myth that the only further study option for botany graduates is to opt for MSc in the respective subject. There are courses and scopes available for BSc botany students on many fronts.

You have a wide range of options in subjects and areas to pursue after graduation. For further studies, you can join post-graduate level degree programs or diploma programs. Some students also choose non-science master’s degree programs such as journalism, animation, computer technology, management, hospitality sector, or MBA as their field of study after completing their B.Sc. graduation.

However, in this article, we will focus on the conventional courses after BSc Botany and further job opportunities for the students.

Top 9 Courses after BSc Botany Offered in India

There are several courses after BSc botany that you can pursue. Here is the list of courses:

• M.Sc. in Horticulture
• PG Diploma in Biotechnology
• PG Diploma in Clinical Research
• Diploma in Applied Botany
• M.Phil in Botany
• Integrated M.Sc. & PhD Courses after BSc Botany
• B.Ed. after B.Sc. Botany
• MBA in Pharmaceutical Management

You can pursue your higher education after completing your bachelor’s degree. Master of Science is a master’s degree awarded by universities or colleges for study in a specific branch of science, technology, mathematics, etc. Typically, it is an academic degree that is higher than a bachelor’s degree and lower than a doctorate PhD degree. After MSc, students can march out for various options.

2. M.Sc. in Horticulture

If you are interested in plant life and agriculture, you can pursue an MSc degree in horticulture. It opens many job opportunities as Forest Officer, Horticulture Specialist, Horticulture Supervisor etc.

3. PG Diploma in Biotechnology

After obtaining a BSc in Botany, there is an excellent scope in Biotechnology. You can do a PG Diploma in Biotechnology to get in-depth knowledge about the subject. After completing this one-year course, you can work as a biologist, geneticist, molecular biologist etc. You can also go for MSc in Biotechnology.

4. PG Diploma in Clinical Research

If want to make your career in bioethics, then PG Diploma in Clinical Research will be one of the best courses after BSc Botany.

After completing your PG Diploma in Clinical Research, you can work as Clinical Research Associate, Senior Clinical Research Associate, Medical Writer, Safety Manager etc.

5. Diploma in Applied Botany

Diploma in Applied Botany is one of the best courses after BSc Botany for those who want to work and study at the same time. This Diploma course will save you time and make you eligible for job profiles like Assistant Professor, Management Executive, Biotech Marketing Executive and more.

6. M.Phil in Botany

M.Phil in Botany is a pre-doctoral degree program where students learn about the scientific study and evolution of plant life. After completing an M.Phil degree, students can go into the research field.

7. Integrated M.Sc. & PhD Courses after BSc Botany

There is also scope present after completing a BSc Botany degree in Institutions like IISER, TIFR, and NCBS. They offer you MSc-integrated PhD courses for biological sciences (microbiology, biotechnology, zoology, life sciences, botany, molecular biology, genetics, and so on). IISER and TIFR also offer you Int-PhD courses for subjects other than Biological Sciences.

Special MSc courses (related to Biology and other subjects like Chemistry, Physics, Nanotechnology, Mathematics, etc.) from top universities like JNU, HCU, BHU, PU (Pondicherry University), MSU-Baroda, Pune University etc. entrance examinations. This saves time and helps you get the post you want after your studies. There is no dearth of career options after a B.Sc. Botany.

8. B.Ed. after B.Sc. Botany

Teaching has always been regarded as one of the greatest professions. The Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) program is a substantial and popular course in the field of education and is designed to develop a deeper understanding of the teaching-learning process at the secondary and higher secondary levels. Generally, the B.Ed. distance/correspondence program is for two years. B.Ed. is one of the best courses after BSc Botany. Students can easily consider teaching as an option.

9. MBA in Pharmaceutical Management

There are many courses and scopes after BSc Botany that you can pursue and one of them is an MBA in Pharmaceutical Management. This 2-year course will open many career paths for you. One of the best Masters degrees to pursue, this MBA degree focuses on preparing professionals for managerial positions.

Top Career Options after BSc Botany      

The scope after BSc Botany is widespread. Here is the list of jobs that you can pursue after BSc Botany, along with their salary in India.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Is b.sc. botany a good course.

Yes, B.Sc. Botany is a good course, especially for those who want to get into the public sector. You can join government organizations like:

1. Botanical Survey of India 2. National Institute of Oceanography 3. Indian Agricultural Research Institute 4. Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education

Which line is best after B.Sc. botany?

After completing B.Sc Botany you can become a subject matter expert in Chegg. There are more than thousands of students who need your help in their subject and your expertise can help them to score good marks. You can start work from the comfort of your home. You just need to register on the platform and once selected you can start solving queries and get paid for every answer.

Which job is best for botany students?

There are many career options available for the students who have done B.Sc. Botany such as 1. Ecologist 2. Botanist 3. Park ranger

Is Botany a good career?

There are many career options available for students who have done a BSc. Botany. You can go either in the public or private sector. The salary of each job profile depends on the company and your experience. Your education qualifications also matter so the higher the degree you have, the higher your chances of getting hired.

Can I do MBA after BSc in botany?

One of the best courses after BSc Botany is MBA. You can do MBA in any specialization like Marketing Management, Finance Management, Hospital and Healthcare Management etc. After scoring a good GMAT score you can take admission to any MBA college and choose the institute as per your specialization.

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List of M.Sc in Botany Colleges in India Based on 2024 Ranking

• Botany - [ 41 ]
• Mathematics - [ 1605 ]
• Chemistry - [ 1448 ]
• Physics - [ 1323 ]
• Computer - [ 1035 ]
• Zoology - [ 930 ]
• Life Sciences - [ 918 ]
• Biotechnology - [ 861 ]
• Microbiology - [ 759 ]
• Information Technology - [ 568 ]
• General - [ 542 ]
• Biochemistry - [ 405 ]
• Geographical Sciences - [ 380 ]
• Environmental Science - [ 357 ]
• Chemical Science - [ 318 ]
• Statistics - [ 317 ]
• Food Science - [ 284 ]
• Electronics - [ 225 ]
• Psychology - [ 207 ]
• Bioinformatics - [ 156 ]
• Data Science - [ 152 ]
• Analytical Chemistry - [ 136 ]
• Forensic Science - [ 119 ]
• Home Science - [ 113 ]
• Yoga - [ 108 ]
• Soil Science - [ 106 ]
• Nutrition Science - [ 84 ]
• Economics - [ 81 ]
• Clinical Psychology - [ 77 ]
• Clinical Research - [ 73 ]
• Genetics - [ 73 ]
• Entomology - [ 68 ]
• Pharmaceutical Chemistry - [ 62 ]
• Cyber Security - [ 61 ]
• Applied Chemistry - [ 58 ]
• Media Studies - [ 58 ]
• Forestry - [ 57 ]
• Industrial Chemistry - [ 54 ]
• Molecular Biology - [ 53 ]
• Nanotechnology - [ 52 ]
• Anthropology - [ 51 ]
• Nutritional Science - [ 50 ]
• Fruit Science - [ 48 ]
• Biomedical Sciences - [ 41 ]
• Analytical Studies - [ 40 ]
• Computer Application Studies - [ 37 ]
• Medical Technology - [ 33 ]
• Material Science - [ 32 ]
• Medical Biotechnology - [ 31 ]
• Textile Science - [ 31 ]
• Social Science - [ 29 ]
• Community Science - [ 28 ]
• Fisheries Science - [ 27 ]
• Communication Studies - [ 26 ]
• Human Development - [ 26 ]
• Research Management - [ 26 ]
• Sports Science - [ 26 ]
• Finance - [ 25 ]
• Textile Merchandising - [ 24 ]
• Pharmaceutical Science - [ 23 ]
• Plant Biotechnology - [ 23 ]
• Bioscience - [ 21 ]
• Energy Management - [ 20 ]
• Operations Management - [ 20 ]
• Software Engineering - [ 19 ]
• Catering Science - [ 18 ]
• Clinical Biochemistry - [ 18 ]
• Community Medicine - [ 18 ]
• Nursing - [ 18 ]
• Sericulture - [ 18 ]
• Information Science - [ 17 ]
• Earth Science - [ 15 ]
• Oceanography - [ 15 ]
• Animal Biotechnology - [ 14 ]
• Apparel Technology - [ 14 ]
• Extension Education - [ 14 ]
• Health Care Management - [ 14 ]
• Instrumentation - [ 14 ]
• Radiotherapy - [ 14 ]
• Actuarial Science - [ 13 ]
• Agri-Business - [ 12 ]
• Biodiversity Conservation - [ 12 ]
• Drug Research - [ 12 ]
• Health Informatics - [ 12 ]
• Industrial Science - [ 12 ]
• Education Management - [ 11 ]
• Maritime Science - [ 11 ]
• Rural Studies - [ 11 ]
• Animal Science - [ 10 ]
• Geology - [ 10 ]
• Natural Resource Management - [ 10 ]
• Computational Biology - [ 9 ]
• Defence Studies - [ 9 ]
• Jewelry Design - [ 9 ]
• Meteorology - [ 9 ]
• Military Science - [ 9 ]
• Physiotherapy - [ 9 ]
• Criminology - [ 8 ]
• Games & Sports - [ 8 ]
• Prosthetics and Orthotics - [ 8 ]
• Special Education - [ 8 ]
• Wildlife Sciences - [ 8 ]
• Neuroscience - [ 8 ]
• Bio-Mechanics - [ 7 ]
• Computer Applications - [ 7 ]
• Disaster Management - [ 7 ]
• Genomics - [ 7 ]
• Industrial Health - [ 7 ]
• Marine Biotechnology - [ 7 ]
• Service Industry Management - [ 7 ]
• Sustainable Development - [ 7 ]
• Tissue Engineering - [ 7 ]
• Animation - [ 6 ]
• Astronomy - [ 6 ]
• Hardware & Networking Technology - [ 6 ]
• Herbal Science - [ 6 ]
• Optometry - [ 6 ]
• Tourism Management - [ 6 ]
• Water Resource Management - [ 6 ]
• Food Microbiology - [ 5 ]
• Physical Education - [ 5 ]
• Social Work - [ 5 ]
• Machine Learning - [ 5 ]
• Applied Economics - [ 4 ]
• Dairy Technology - [ 4 ]
• Medical Genetics - [ 4 ]
• Petroleum Technology - [ 4 ]
• Population Studies - [ 4 ]
• Regenerative Medicine - [ 4 ]
• Animal Genetics - [ 3 ]
• Climatology - [ 3 ]
• Clinical Microbiology - [ 3 ]
• Cosmetology - [ 3 ]
• Dietetics - [ 3 ]
• Entrepreneurship - [ 3 ]
• Green Technology - [ 3 ]
• Marketing - [ 3 ]
• Mechanical Engineering - [ 3 ]
• Plant Science - [ 3 ]
• Sociology - [ 3 ]
• Sugar Technology - [ 3 ]
• Animal Breeding - [ 2 ]
• Biomedical Engineering - [ 2 ]
• Cyber Law - [ 2 ]
• Ecology - [ 2 ]
• Education Delivery Technology - [ 2 ]
• History - [ 2 ]
• Public Administration - [ 2 ]
• Humanities - [ 2 ]
• Petroleum Science - [ 2 ]
• Public Relations - [ 2 ]
• Urban Planning - [ 2 ]
• VLSI Courses - [ 2 ]
• Data Analytics - [ 2 ]
• Alternative Medicine - [ 1 ]
• Animal Husbandry - [ 1 ]
• Apiculture - [ 1 ]
• Bioresource Management - [ 1 ]
• Biostatistics - [ 1 ]
• Biotextiles - [ 1 ]
• Embedded Systems - [ 1 ]
• Energy Engineering - [ 1 ]
• Food Technology - [ 1 ]
• General - [ 1 ]
• Hydrology - [ 1 ]
• Insurance - [ 1 ]
• Medical Microbiology - [ 1 ]
• Nature Tourism - [ 1 ]
• Operational Research - [ 1 ]
• Plant Genetics - [ 1 ]
• Production Engineering - [ 1 ]
• Textile Manufacturing - [ 1 ]
• Artificial Intelligence - [ 1 ]
• Maharashtra
• Andhra Pradesh
• Arunachal Pradesh
• Madhya Pradesh
• West Bengal
• Himachal Pradesh
• Uttarakhand
• Engineering
• Computer Applications
• Paramedical
• Mass Communications
• Vocational Courses
• Hotel Management
• Agriculture
• Architecture
• Veterinary Sciences
• Mumbai - [ 1 ]
• Chennai - [ 1 ]
• Hyderabad - [ 1 ]
• Patna - [ 2 ]
• Jalandhar - [ 2 ]
• Visakhapatnam - [ 2 ]
• Tirupati - [ 1 ]
• Vijayawada - [ 1 ]
• Warangal - [ 1 ]
• Pasighat - [ 1 ]
• Madhepura - [ 1 ]
• Muzaffarpur - [ 1 ]
• Chandigarh - [ 1 ]
• Jamnagar - [ 1 ]
• Rohtak - [ 1 ]
• Solan - [ 1 ]
• Dhanbad - [ 1 ]
• Ranchi - [ 1 ]
• Shimoga - [ 1 ]
• Gwalior - [ 1 ]
• Vidisha - [ 1 ]
• Bhandara - [ 1 ]
• Nagpur - [ 1 ]
• Dimapur - [ 1 ]
• Berhampur - [ 1 ]
• Bathinda - [ 1 ]
• Kota - [ 1 ]
• Madurai - [ 1 ]
• Nainital - [ 1 ]
• Midnapore - [ 1 ]
• Karaikudi - [ 1 ]
• Hubli - [ 1 ]
• Tiruchirappalli - [ 1 ]
• Nashik - [ 1 ]
• Nadia - [ 1 ]
• Annamalai - [ 1 ]
• Naharlagun - [ 1 ]
• Palghar - [ 1 ]
• M.Phil/Ph.D in Science
• Part Time - [ 27 ]
• Full Time - [ 14 ]
• On Campus - [ 21 ]
• Distance - [ 17 ]
• Off Campus - [ 3 ]
• Government - [ 27 ]
• Private - [ 13 ]
• AUCET - [ 1 ]
• JNU CEEB - [ 1 ]
• Degree - [ 41 ]
• Indiatoday - [ 3 ]
• THE - [ 3 ]
• The Week - [ 4 ]
• Outlook - [ 4 ]
• NIRF - [ 5 ]
• IIRF - [ 5 ]
• NIRF Innovation - [ 3 ]
• US News - [ 2 ]
• CWUR - [ 1 ]
• Financial Express - [ 1 ]
• Bhupendra Narayan Mandal University - [BNMU], Madhepura - [ 1 ]
• Maharshi Dayanand University - [MDU], Rohtak - [ 1 ]
• Vinoba Bhave University - [VBU], Hazaribagh - [ 1 ]
• Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University - [RTMNU], Nagpur - [ 1 ]
• Mumbai University - [MU], Mumbai - [ 1 ]
• Patliputra University, Patna - [ 1 ]
• 2 Years - [ 41 ]
• NETHERLANDS
• NEW ZEALAND

Found 41 colleges

Parul University Online , Vadodara

Indian Institute of Public Health - [IIPH] , Gandhinagar

Surana College , Bangalore

Top Collections for M.Sc

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integrated msc phd in botany

Master of Science (M.Sc) in Botany , also called Plant Biology, is a postgraduate level Master degree course. It is generally of  2-years duration , but some universities offer 3 year courses and 5 year integrated MSc-PhD courses in Botany as well. It is a very popular  postgraduate level course  among the bio-science students. Note:  Students who wish to pursue their education in Management field or get a career boost, can check MBA course.

Admission to MSc Botany courses in most of the top universities and Science colleges are taken through entrance exams. It is compulsory for a candidate to have a minimum  50% marks  in their  bachelor degree  (preferably  BSc with either Botany or biological sciences  as honours subject.) to be eligible to apply for admission.

MSc Botany course is best suited for the students who have completed their graduation in botany or integrated biology (biological sciences), and are looking to pursue a course that will have an adequate mix of mainstream biology along with genetics and biotechnology. During this course, a candidate is given a complete idea about the entire plant kingdom and plant physiology, along with some additional topics related to genetics and biotechnology, cell biology, microbiology, and ecology.

Key Points of MSc Botany

• Duration : 2 years (Full Time)
• Minimum Eligibility  required is an aggregate of 50% score in BSc degree from a recognized board or university.
• Admission Process : Both Entrance Exam and Merit-Based.
• Top MSc Botany Entrance Exams : DUET, BHU-PET, AUCET, CUCET, LPUNEST, TUEE, and other relevant entrance exams.
• Top Universities/ Colleges : Delhi University, Hindu College, Miranda College, Lovely Professional University, Banaras Hindu University, Ramjas College and other popular universities and colleges.
• Common Jobs after MSc Botany : Research Associate, Biotech Marketing Executive, Clinical Data Analyst, Medical Coder, Diagnostic Specialist, Teacher, etc.
• Popular Courses after MSc Botany : M.Phil Botany and PhD in Botany

National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) provides the rankings of all the top universities in India which provides master degree courses. In the table given below, we have provided the list of top universities which provide MSc Botany courses according to NIRF 2020 rankings.

The average cost  of pursuing this course ranges from INR 30,000 to INR 1 Lakh per annum.  The average salary earned  after completing the degree is up to INR 4.85 Lakhs per annum. Rest depends primarily on the skills and knowledge of the graduates.

If a student wants to go for further studies after completing MSc degree in Botany, then they can pursue a PhD degree or M.Phil degree. A PhD degree is more valued to those who want to pursue a career in research, and higher academics.MSc Botany Admission Process

MSc Botany Admission Process

Admission to MSc Botany courses in most of the top colleges and universities is entrance based but there are some universities which grant merit based admission also. Admission to MSc Botany courses is usually a four step process which is described below:

• The candidate will need to apply through the website for the course.
• Most of the universities provide a joint application form for both the entrance exam and the course application.
• Entrance exams are compulsory for most of the top universities. A candidate willing to take admission for the MSc Botany course will have to qualify the entrance exam.
• Two of the top entrance exams are BHU PET, DU Entrance Exam, CUCET, AUCET, and many more.
• The universities will release a list of successful candidates who will be called for interview and document verification.
• A candidate must check the university website regularly for any updates in this issue.
• This is the final step for the admission process where the selected candidates are called for an interview. The interviewer may or may not ask subject based questions to the candidates, depending on the policies of the institution.
• During document verification, the candidate is required to present all the original transcripts and other documents essential to establish his eligibility.
• After the eligibility is proved, he/she is granted admission to the course.

MSc Botany Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility criteria for admission to MSc Botany courses are discussed below:

• A candidate must have a BSc degree with Honours preferably in Botany, Biological sciences or Life sciences, however, Zoology honours students can also apply.
• The candidates should complete graduation with minimum 50% marks, but some very good universities also demand for 55% marks.
• A candidate should come to the course after a minimum of 10+2+3 years of continuous study, with bio-science in 10+2 level.

The other eligibility criteria like age limit and caste-based eligibility criteria vary from University to University. Most of the top universities do not have age limit criteria.

Most of the universities also conduct university and national level entrance tests for offering admission to this MSc Botany course. You need to score good numbers in entrance exams for securing admission in the college of your choice. Cutoff of these entrance exams varies from university to university.https://088d1473a8a135f01e81455559c5ede3.safeframe.googlesyndication.com/safeframe/1-0-38/html/container.html

MSc Botany Entrance Exams

Usually the admissions in MSc Botany course are based on entrance exams. There are a number of colleges and universities offering admissions on the basis of entrance exams score. Few of those entrance exams are discussed below:

Details for some of the most important MSc Botany entrance exams are given below:

BHU-PET is a university-level entrance exam conducted by Banaras Hindu University for offering admissions in postgraduate courses. It is an offline exam for 2 hours. Important Dates of this entrance exam are discussed below:

• DU Entrance Test (DUET) :

This entrance examination is conducted by Delhi University for admission to master degree courses both in the DU campus and in the colleges under Delhi University which provide master degree courses.

CUCET is a central university common entrance examination that is only conducted once in a year. It is an offline examination that offers admission to various UG, PG, and research programmes. It is a 2 hour MCQ test consisting of 2 sections only.

Lovely Professional University National Entrance and Scholarship Test (LPU NEST) is conducted twice in a year. It is an online examination offering admission to various B.Tech and UG courses.

TUEE is a state level examination offering admissions to various UG, and PG courses. To appear for this entrance examination, you must have secured 50% in graduation from a recognised board or university.

How to Prepare for MSc Botany Entrance Exams?

Entrance exams for MSc Botany courses generally have MCQ questions. The number of questions varies from 25 to 50 and the time allotted is around 3 hours.

But, the questions asked are generally not straight questions and a great understanding of Botany needs to be applied to solve them. This demands for practice.

Here are some tips for preparing better for these examinations.

• Increase your hold on topics like genetics and physiology:  Botany is believed to be a very hectic subject where there is both logic and theory. To excel in this subject, you need to be equally good in your understanding of concepts and memorizing capability. And there are some topics like Genetics and physiology where both logic and memory are equally important. And consequently, these topics are the most important topics of the subject. So it is advised to go through these topics very carefully and cover as much as you can.
• Revise the plant kingdom again and again:  There are many topics in botany, especially in subtopics like plant kingdom, morphology, which needs to be revised on a daily basis otherwise there is a chance that you will forget them eventually. So to avoid such types of accidents, it is better to revise those topics again and again.
• Read the question twice before you start solving:  This is one of the most important points which a candidate needs to keep in mind. The questions asked in entrance exams are generally tricky questions so you cannot solve it just by reading it once. You need to read twice or thrice, and think about the concepts which you can apply. Only then you should start solving the question.

How to get admission in a good MSc Botany college?

To get into top MSc colleges a candidate should keep in mind the following points.

• Every University has a minimum percentage requirement of a minimum of 50% and some universities go even higher upto 60-65%. So, it is important to  score good marks in graduation .
• The entrance exams for this course contain some tricky questions, and some questions are purely memory based as well. All the basic concepts of a candidate must be crystal clear. So before starting to prepare for these entrance exams,  go through the entire syllabus  and brush all the concepts properly.
• Solve previous years question paper  for at least five years, as you will get a proper idea about the question pattern and the difficulty level of the question paper.

MSc Botany: Course highlights

MSc Botany: What is it About?

MSc Botany teaches a student every aspect of plant physiology, their origin and their impact on the environment. It is also called Plant Biology.

• The course covers every aspect of plant biology in great detail. It covers topics like plant physiology, plant kingdom, Taxonomy, microbiology, genetics and ecology.
• It is a 2 year long course which is generally divided into four semesters.
• It is generally a theoretical course along with some opportunities for academic research which is accompanied with laboratory work.
• The students completing this course generally go on to build a career in academics. Some students also go for research and higher studies.
• The students willing to take Higher studies pursue PhD courses in Botany. After completing PhD degree they can go for jobs like professorship and senior research fellow.
• Average salary earned by an MSc Botany graduate is around INR 4.58 Lakhs.
• Helps the aspirant to get both practical and theoretical hands on the subject.

Why Study MSc Botany Course?

Why study the MSc Botany course?

An MSc Botany course comes with some unique advantages which are discussed below:

• Huge diversity of jobs:  An MSc Botany student can build a career in many paths. Starting from school teachers to microbiological and virological research, many different fields and job profiles are open for these candidates.
• In demand course for career in academics:  This course is an in-demand course, specifically for the academic sector. Most of the schools prefer to appoint MSc Botany candidates as teachers.
• Increasing demand in research:  With each passing day, the demand for MSc Botany candidates in the research field is increasing. The need to tackle problems like global warming, deforestation and increasing thirst for knowing about new plants and their importance has led to an ever-increasing demand for Botany based candidates in the field of research.
• After completing your postgraduate studies in Botany, you will be serving under the finest and reputed organizations.
• Offers the aspirant with an option to go for further studies or doctoral-level studies.
• It provides you with the opportunity to work in various departments of government institutions.

Course comparison

MSc Botany Vs MSc Zoology Vs MSc Microbiology

Courses like MSc Botany, MSc Zoology, and MSc Microbiology are almost similar courses except for a few things. The below-given comparison shows the differences between these 3 courses in terms of orientation, impact, and other parameters.

MSc Botany Colleges

There are numerous colleges and universities offering this MSc Botany course on their campus. Few of those colleges and universities are listed below with their admission process in MSc in Botany course.

MSc Botany College Comparison

Below given are the key differences between top MSc Botany colleges of India in terms of ranking, orientation, fees, salary offered, and other parameters. This comparison will help you to choose the college wisely by keeping in mind several parameters.

Source: College’s Official WebsitesMSc Botany Syllabus

MSc Botany Subjects

The course incorporates core courses, electives, and practical. The delivery methods for M.Sc. Botany courses involve theoretical classes, lab work, hands-on practical training, workshops, etc. The course syllabus comprises all the subjects related to microbes, plants, genetics, cells, and other related topics.

Syllabus for this course may vary with the institute to institute but it generally covers the same topics. You can find below the MSc Botany syllabus semester-wise, to keep a track of the topics covered in this course during each semester.

There are a number of optional papers also available in this course. You can opt for the specialized subject or topic of your choice. You will get these options for papers in the last two semesters of the course study. The optional papers list is enlisted below for your reference:

MSc Botany Jobs Prospects

There are a number of jobs and career options available after this course. MSc Botany opens you to a wider range of job opportunities and sectors where you can apply for. The opportunities for botany graduates are widespread over both the public and private sectors.

In the public sector, the opportunities await in areas like public health service, national park services, department of agriculture, forest service, departments of conservation, and land management. In the private sectors, the opportunities are in the oil industry, food companies, seed companies, fruit growers, and biotechnology firms.APPLY NOWDOWNLOAD ADMISSION DETAILSCHECK JOB OPPORTUNITIES

• MSc Botany candidates with a good hold of genetics and biotechnology can pursue a career in biotechnological research on various species of bacteria, algae, and fungi, which are quite popular nowadays.
• There is no end in the findings of new plants. A bulk majority of plant species are still unknown and researches are continuously going on to know about them. They are sure to grow in the future.

Source: PayscaleMSc Botany Scope

MSc Botany Scope

MSc Botany course provides you with career options in many different kinds of fields. Also, it has a huge scope in the future too.

Today, most of the problems our world is facing are related to the field of Botany. The problems related to forests, climate change, desertification, etc, can be easily solved with a better understanding of Botany. So, most of the nations are moving towards solving these problems, which is creating huge job opportunities for MSc Botany candidates.

• M.Phil Botany:  M.Phil Botany is a 2-year pre-doctoral degree in Botany. To pursue this course one must have a master’s degree in Botany subject with a minimum score of 50% in aggregate. To pursue this program you need to spend an average cost of around INR 2 Lakhs for the whole span of course. An  M.Phil Botany  graduate can expect an average earning of INR 6 Lakhs per annum. You need to appear for respective entrance exams for securing admissions to this course.
• Ph.D. Botany:  This is a 3-year doctoral degree that focuses on the study of plants and tier survival techniques and skills. To pursue this study you need to secure a minimum score of 55% in aggregates in your master’s degree (5% relaxation for special categories).  Ph.D. Botany  focuses on research work more, it includes lecture-based sessions, field research, lab sessions, and many more. The average cost charged for this course ranges from INR 2,000 to INR 8 Lakhs per annum for a span of 3 years. After completing this course you can opt for various government and private job positions.

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