Introduce the topic.
Provide background information.
Present the thesis statement or main argument.
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An argumentative essay presents a specific claim or argument and supports it with evidence and reasoning. Here’s an outline for an argumentative essay, along with examples for each section: 3
1. Introduction :
Example: “Did you know that plastic pollution is threatening marine life at an alarming rate?”
Example: “Plastic pollution has become a global environmental concern, with millions of tons of plastic waste entering our oceans yearly.”
Example: “We must take immediate action to reduce plastic usage and implement more sustainable alternatives to protect our marine ecosystem.”
2. Body Paragraphs :
Example: “The first step towards addressing the plastic pollution crisis is reducing single-use plastic consumption.”
Example: “Research shows that plastic straws alone contribute to millions of tons of plastic waste annually, and many marine animals suffer from ingestion or entanglement.”
Example: “Some argue that banning plastic straws is inconvenient for consumers, but the long-term environmental benefits far outweigh the temporary inconvenience.”
Example: “Having addressed the issue of single-use plastics, the focus must now shift to promoting sustainable alternatives.”
3. Counterargument Paragraph :
Example: “While some may argue that individual actions cannot significantly impact global plastic pollution, the cumulative effect of collective efforts must be considered.”
Example: “However, individual actions, when multiplied across millions of people, can substantially reduce plastic waste. Small changes in behavior, such as using reusable bags and containers, can have a significant positive impact.”
4. Conclusion :
Example: “In conclusion, adopting sustainable practices and reducing single-use plastic is crucial for preserving our oceans and marine life.”
Example: “It is our responsibility to make environmentally conscious choices and advocate for policies that prioritize the health of our planet. By collectively embracing sustainable alternatives, we can contribute to a cleaner and healthier future.”
A claim is a statement or proposition a writer puts forward with evidence to persuade the reader. 4 Here are some common types of argument claims, along with examples:
Understanding these argument claims can help writers construct more persuasive and well-supported arguments tailored to the specific nature of the claim.
If you’re wondering how to start an argumentative essay, here’s a step-by-step guide to help you with the argumentative essay format and writing process.
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Here are eight strategies to craft a compelling argumentative essay:
Let’s consider a sample of argumentative essay on how social media enhances connectivity:
In the digital age, social media has emerged as a powerful tool that transcends geographical boundaries, connecting individuals from diverse backgrounds and providing a platform for an array of voices to be heard. While critics argue that social media fosters division and amplifies negativity, it is essential to recognize the positive aspects of this digital revolution and how it enhances connectivity by providing a platform for diverse voices to flourish. One of the primary benefits of social media is its ability to facilitate instant communication and connection across the globe. Platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram break down geographical barriers, enabling people to establish and maintain relationships regardless of physical location and fostering a sense of global community. Furthermore, social media has transformed how people stay connected with friends and family. Whether separated by miles or time zones, social media ensures that relationships remain dynamic and relevant, contributing to a more interconnected world. Moreover, social media has played a pivotal role in giving voice to social justice movements and marginalized communities. Movements such as #BlackLivesMatter, #MeToo, and #ClimateStrike have gained momentum through social media, allowing individuals to share their stories and advocate for change on a global scale. This digital activism can shape public opinion and hold institutions accountable. Social media platforms provide a dynamic space for open dialogue and discourse. Users can engage in discussions, share information, and challenge each other’s perspectives, fostering a culture of critical thinking. This open exchange of ideas contributes to a more informed and enlightened society where individuals can broaden their horizons and develop a nuanced understanding of complex issues. While criticisms of social media abound, it is crucial to recognize its positive impact on connectivity and the amplification of diverse voices. Social media transcends physical and cultural barriers, connecting people across the globe and providing a platform for marginalized voices to be heard. By fostering open dialogue and facilitating the exchange of ideas, social media contributes to a more interconnected and empowered society. Embracing the positive aspects of social media allows us to harness its potential for positive change and collective growth.
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The length of an argumentative essay can vary, but it typically falls within the range of 1,000 to 2,500 words. However, the specific requirements may depend on the guidelines provided.
You might write an argumentative essay when: 1. You want to convince others of the validity of your position. 2. There is a controversial or debatable issue that requires discussion. 3. You need to present evidence and logical reasoning to support your claims. 4. You want to explore and critically analyze different perspectives on a topic.
Argumentative Essay: Purpose : An argumentative essay aims to persuade the reader to accept or agree with a specific point of view or argument. Structure : It follows a clear structure with an introduction, thesis statement, body paragraphs presenting arguments and evidence, counterarguments and refutations, and a conclusion. Tone : The tone is formal and relies on logical reasoning, evidence, and critical analysis. Narrative/Descriptive Essay: Purpose : These aim to tell a story or describe an experience, while a descriptive essay focuses on creating a vivid picture of a person, place, or thing. Structure : They may have a more flexible structure. They often include an engaging introduction, a well-developed body that builds the story or description, and a conclusion. Tone : The tone is more personal and expressive to evoke emotions or provide sensory details.
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Have you ever been asked to explain your opinion on a controversial issue?
Proving your point in an argumentative essay can be challenging, unless you are using a proven formula.
In the image below, you can see a recommended structure for argumentative essays. It starts with the topic sentence, which establishes the main idea of the essay. Next, this hypothesis is developed in the development stage. Then, the rebuttal, or the refutal of the main counter argument or arguments. Then, again, development of the rebuttal. This is followed by an example, and ends with a summary. This is a very basic structure, but it gives you a bird-eye-view of how a proper argumentative essay can be built.
Writing an argumentative essay (for a class, a news outlet, or just for fun) can help you improve your understanding of an issue and sharpen your thinking on the matter. Using researched facts and data, you can explain why you or others think the way you do, even while other reasonable people disagree.
An argumentative essay is an explanatory essay that takes a side.
Instead of appealing to emotion and personal experience to change the reader’s mind, an argumentative essay uses logic and well-researched factual information to explain why the thesis in question is the most reasonable opinion on the matter.
Over several paragraphs or pages, the author systematically walks through:
At the end, the author leaves the decision up to the reader, trusting that the case they’ve made will do the work of changing the reader’s mind. Even if the reader’s opinion doesn’t change, they come away from the essay with a greater understanding of the perspective presented — and perhaps a better understanding of their original opinion.
All of that might make it seem like writing an argumentative essay is way harder than an emotionally-driven persuasive essay — but if you’re like me and much more comfortable spouting facts and figures than making impassioned pleas, you may find that an argumentative essay is easier to write.
Plus, the process of researching an argumentative essay means you can check your assumptions and develop an opinion that’s more based in reality than what you originally thought. I know for sure that my opinions need to be fact checked — don’t yours?
So how exactly do we write the argumentative essay?
First, gain a clear understanding of what exactly an argumentative essay is. To formulate a proper topic sentence, you have to be clear on your topic, and to explore it through research.
Students have difficulty starting an essay because the whole task seems intimidating, and they are afraid of spending too much time on the topic sentence. Experienced writers, however, know that there is no set time to spend on figuring out your topic. It's a real exploration that is based to a large extent on intuition.
Use this checklist to tackle your essay one step at a time:
To start, you need to identify an issue that well-informed people have varying opinions on. Here, it’s helpful to think of one core topic and how it intersects with another (or several other) issues. That intersection is where hot takes and reasonable (or unreasonable) opinions abound.
I find it helpful to stage the issue as a question.
For example:
Is it better to legislate the minimum size of chicken enclosures or to outlaw the sale of eggs from chickens who don’t have enough space?
Should snow removal policies focus more on effectively keeping roads clear for traffic or the environmental impacts of snow removal methods?
Once you have your arguable question ready, start researching the basic facts and specific opinions and arguments on the issue. Do your best to stay focused on gathering information that is directly relevant to your topic. Depending on what your essay is for, you may reference academic studies, government reports, or newspaper articles.
Research your opposition and the facts that support their viewpoint as much as you research your own position . You’ll need to address your opposition in your essay, so you’ll want to know their argument from the inside out.
You likely started with an inclination toward one side or the other, but your research should ultimately shape your perspective. So once you’ve completed the research, nail down your opinion and start articulating the what and why of your take.
What: I think it’s better to outlaw selling eggs from chickens whose enclosures are too small.
Why: Because if you regulate the enclosure size directly, egg producers outside of the government’s jurisdiction could ship eggs into your territory and put nearby egg producers out of business by offering better prices because they don’t have the added cost of larger enclosures.
This is an early form of your thesis and the basic logic of your argument. You’ll want to iterate on this a few times and develop a one-sentence statement that sums up the thesis of your essay.
Thesis: Outlawing the sale of eggs from chickens with cramped living spaces is better for business than regulating the size of chicken enclosures.
Now that you’ve articulated your thesis , spell out the counterargument(s) as well. Putting your opposition’s take into words will help you throughout the rest of the essay-writing process. (You can start by choosing the counter argument option with Wordtune Spices .)
There may be one main counterargument to articulate, or several. Write them all out and start thinking about how you’ll use evidence to address each of them or show why your argument is still the best option.
You did all of that research for a reason. Now’s the time to use it.
Hopefully, you kept detailed notes in a document, complete with links and titles of all your source material. Go through your research document and copy the evidence for your argument and your opposition’s into another document.
List the main points of your argument. Then, below each point, paste the evidence that backs them up.
If you’re writing about chicken enclosures, maybe you found evidence that shows the spread of disease among birds kept in close quarters is worse than among birds who have more space. Or maybe you found information that says eggs from free-range chickens are more flavorful or nutritious. Put that information next to the appropriate part of your argument.
Repeat the process with your opposition’s argument: What information did you find that supports your opposition? Paste it beside your opposition’s argument.
You could also put information here that refutes your opposition, but organize it in a way that clearly tells you — at a glance — that the information disproves their point.
Counterargument: Outlawing the sale of eggs from chickens with too small enclosures will negatively affect prices and sales.
BUT: Sicknesses like avian flu spread more easily through small enclosures and could cause a shortage that would drive up egg prices naturally, so ensuring larger enclosures is still a better policy for consumers over the long term.
As you organize your research and see the evidence all together, start thinking through the best way to order your points.
Will it be better to present your argument all at once or to break it up with opposition claims you can quickly refute? Would some points set up other points well? Does a more complicated point require that the reader understands a simpler point first?
Play around and rearrange your notes to see how your essay might flow one way or another.
Is your brain buzzing yet? At this point in the process, it can be helpful to take out a notebook or open a fresh document and dump whatever you’re thinking on the page.
Where should your essay start? What ground-level information do you need to provide your readers before you can dive into the issue?
Use your organized evidence document from step 3 to think through your argument from beginning to end, and determine the structure of your essay.
As you think through your argument and examine your evidence document, consider which structure will serve your argument best. Sketch out an outline to give yourself a map to follow in the writing process. You could also rearrange your evidence document again to match your outline, so it will be easy to find what you need when you start writing.
You have an outline and an organized document with all your points and evidence lined up and ready. Now you just have to write your essay.
In your first draft, focus on getting your ideas on the page. Your wording may not be perfect (whose is?), but you know what you’re trying to say — so even if you’re overly wordy and taking too much space to say what you need to say, put those words on the page.
Follow your outline, and draw from that evidence document to flesh out each point of your argument. Explain what the evidence means for your argument and your opposition. Connect the dots for your readers so they can follow you, point by point, and understand what you’re trying to say.
1. Any background information your reader needs in order to understand the issue in question.
2. Evidence for both your argument and the counterargument(s). This shows that you’ve done your homework and builds trust with your reader, while also setting you up to make a more convincing argument. (If you find gaps in your research while you’re writing, Wordtune can help.
3. A conclusion that sums up your overall argument and evidence — and leaves the reader with an understanding of the issue and its significance. This sort of conclusion brings your essay to a strong ending that doesn’t waste readers’ time, but actually adds value to your case.
The hard work is done: you have a first draft. Now, let’s fine tune your writing.
I like to step away from what I’ve written for a day (or at least a night of sleep) before attempting to revise. It helps me approach clunky phrases and rough transitions with fresh eyes. If you don’t have that luxury, just get away from your computer for a few minutes — use the bathroom, do some jumping jacks, eat an apple — and then come back and read through your piece.
As you revise, make sure you …
The best way to introduce a convincing argument is to provide a strong thesis statement . These are the words I usually use to start an argumentative essay:
When refuting an opposing concept, use:
Are you convinced by your own argument yet? Ready to brave the next get-together where everyone’s talking like they know something about intermittent fasting , chicken enclosures , or snow removal policies?
Now if someone asks you to explain your evidence-based but controversial opinion, you can hand them your essay and ask them to report back after they’ve read it.
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Your chance of acceptance, your chancing factors, extracurriculars, tips for writing a strong debate essay.
Hey everyone! I'm working on a debate essay for my English class, and I'd love some advice on how to make my argument stronger. Do you guys have any tips or suggestions? Thanks in advance!
Hey! Writing a strong debate essay can be challenging, but with the right strategy and focus, you can definitely create a compelling argument. Here are some tips to help you out:
1. Pick a clear position: Ensure that you clearly state your stance on the issue at hand, right from the beginning. A strong thesis statement will help guide your essay and make it easier for readers to understand your position.
2. Conduct thorough research: Gather as much information as possible to support your argument. Use reputable sources, such as peer-reviewed articles, books, and reliable websites. Make sure to also consider counterarguments and be prepared to address them in your essay.
3. Structure your essay effectively: Organize your essay in a logical order by starting with an engaging introduction, followed by your main arguments, counterarguments, and a conclusion. Each paragraph should focus on one main point and include evidence to support your claims.
4. Use strong evidence: Support your argument with solid evidence, including facts, statistics, expert testimony, and examples. Be sure to use citations to give credit to the original sources of information.
5. Address counterarguments: Acknowledge opposing viewpoints and refute them with strong evidence and reasoning. This shows that you've considered multiple perspectives and are able to defend your position.
6. Be concise and clear: Make sure your writing is clear, concise, and avoids unnecessary jargon or overly complex language. This will make it easier for your reader to follow your argument and understand your points.
7. Revise, edit, and proofread: After writing your initial draft, take some time to revise and edit your essay. Look for areas where your argument can be strengthened, check for grammar and spelling errors, and ensure that your essay flows well.
8. Get feedback from others: Share your essay with a friend, family member, or teacher and ask for their feedback. They might notice something that you missed or have suggestions on how to improve your argument.
By following these tips and paying close attention to both the content and structure of your essay, you'll be able to craft a strong, persuasive debate essay. Good luck!
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What’s covered:, how to pick a good argumentative essay topic, elements of a strong argumentative essay, argumentative essay idea example topics.
Are you having writer’s block? Coming up with an essay topic can be the hardest part of the process. You have very likely encountered argumentative essay writing in high school and have been asked to write your own. If you’re having trouble finding a topic, we’ve created a list of 52 essay ideas to help jumpstart your brainstorming process! In addition, this post will cover strategies for picking a topic and how to make your argument a strong one. Ultimately, the goal is to convince your reader.
An argumentative essay tasks the writer with presenting an assertion and bolstering that assertion with proper research. You’ll present the claim’s authenticity. This means that whatever argument you’re making must be empirically true! Writing an argumentative essay without any evidence will leave you stranded without any facts to back up your claim. When choosing your essay topic, begin by thinking about themes that have been researched before. Readers will be more engaged with an argument that is supported by data.
This isn’t to say that your argumentative essay topic has to be as well-known, like “Gravity: Does it Exist?” but it shouldn’t be so obscure that there isn’t ample evidence. Finding a topic with multiple sources confirming its validity will help you support your thesis throughout your essay. If upon review of these articles you begin to doubt their worth due to small sample sizes, biased funding sources, or scientific disintegrity, don’t be afraid to move on to a different topic. Your ultimate goal should be proving to your audience that your argument is true because the data supports it.
The hardest essays to write are the ones that you don’t care about. If you don’t care about your topic, why should someone else? Topics that are more personal to the reader are immediately more thoughtful and meaningful because the author’s passion shines through. If you are free to choose an argumentative essay topic, find a topic where the papers you read and cite are fun to read. It’s much easier to write when the passion is already inside of you!
However, you won’t always have the choice to pick your topic. You may receive an assignment to write an argumentative essay that you feel is boring. There is still value in writing an argumentative essay on a topic that may not be of interest to you. It will push you to study a new topic, and broaden your ability to write on a variety of topics. Getting good at proving a point thoroughly and effectively will help you to both understand different fields more completely and increase your comfort with scientific writing.
It’s important to remember the general essay structure: an introduction paragraph with a thesis statement, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. A strong thesis statement will set your essay up for success. What is it? A succinct, concise, and pithy sentence found in your first paragraph that summarizes your main point. Pour over this statement to ensure that you can set up your reader to understand your essay. You should also restate your thesis throughout your essay to keep your reader focused on your point.
A typical argumentative essay prompt may look like this: “What has been the most important invention of the 21st century? Support your claim with evidence.” This question is open-ended and gives you flexibility. But that also means it requires research to prove your point convincingly. The strongest essays weave scientific quotes and results into your writing. You can use recent articles, primary sources, or news sources. Maybe you even cite your own research. Remember, this process takes time, so be sure you set aside enough time to dive deep into your topic.
If the reader can’t follow your argument, all your research could be for nothing! Structure is key to persuading your audience. Below are two common argumentative essay structures that you can use to organize your essays.
The Toulmin argument and the Rogerian argument each contain the four sections mentioned above but executes them in different ways. Be sure to familiarize yourself with both essay structures so that your essay is the most effective it can be.
The Toulmin argument has a straightforward presentation. You begin with your assertion, your thesis statement. You then list the evidence that supports your point and why these are valid sources. The bulk of your essay should be explaining how your sources support your claim. You then end your essay by acknowledging and discussing the problems or flaws that readers may find in your presentation. Then, you should list the solutions to these and alternative perspectives and prove your argument is stronger.
The Rogerian argument has a more complex structure. You begin with a discussion of what opposing sides do right and the validity of their arguments. This is effective because it allows you to piece apart your opponent’s argument. The next section contains your position on the questions. In this section, it is important to list problems with your opponent’s argument that your argument fixes. This way, your position feels much stronger. Your essay ends with suggesting a possible compromise between the two sides. A combination of the two sides could be the most effective solution.
If you need more help brainstorming topics, especially those that are personalized to your interests, you can use CollegeVine’s free AI tutor, Ivy . Ivy can help you come up with original argumentative essay ideas, and she can also help with the rest of your homework, from math to languages.
Need to write an argumentative essay? Preparing for an upcoming debate? ProCon.org has over 100 topics complete with pro and con arguments, quotes and statistics from experts, historical information, and other pertinent research.
Abortion – Should abortion be legal?
Alternative Energy – Can alternative energy effectively replace fossil fuels?
American Socialism – Should the U.S. become socialist?
Animal Dissection – Should K-12 students dissect animals in science classrooms?
Animal Testing – Should animals be used for scientific or commercial testing?
Artificial Intelligence – Is artificial intelligence good for society?
Banned Books – Should parents or other adults be able to ban books from schools and libraries?
Binge-Watching – Is binge-watching good for you?
Cancel Culture – Is cancel culture (or callout culture) good for society?
CBD for Pets – Is CBD good for pets?
Cell Phone Radiation – Is cell phone radiation safe?
Cheerleading – Is cheerleading a sport?
Churches & Taxes – Should churches (including mosques, synagogues, etc.) remain tax-exempt?
College Education – Is a college education worth it?
Congressional Term Limits – Should term limits be imposed on U.S. Senators and Representatives?
Constitutional Carry of Handguns – Should permitless, “constitutional carry” of guns be legal?
Corporal Punishment – Should corporal punishment be used in K-12 schools?
Corporate Tax Rate – Should the federal corporate income tax rate be raised?
Cuba Embargo – Should the United States maintain its embargo against Cuba?
DACA & Dreamers – Are DACA (Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals) and the DREAM Act good for America?
Daylight Saving Time – Should the United States keep daylight saving time?
DC AND Puerto Rico Statehood – Should Washington, DC, and Puerto Rico be granted U.S. statehood?
Death Penalty – Should the death penalty be legal?
Defund the Police – Should police departments be defunded, if not abolished?
Dress Codes – Should dress codes be implemented and enforced?
Drinking Age – Should the drinking age be lowered from 21 to a younger age?
Drone Strikes – Should the United States continue its use of drone strikes abroad?
Drug Use in Sports – Should performance-enhancing drugs be accepted in sports?
Election Day National Holiday – Should the election day be made a national holiday?
Electoral College – Should the United States use the electoral college in presidential elections?
Employer Vaccine Mandates – Should employers be able to mandate vaccinations?
Felon Voting – Should people who have completed felony sentences be allowed to vote?
Fighting in Hockey – Should fighting be allowed in hockey?
Filibuster – Should the U.S. Senate keep the filibuster?
Fracking – Should the United States continue fracking
Free College – Should public college be tuition-free?
Fur Clothing Bans – Should fur clothing be banned?
GMOS – Should genetically modified organisms (GMOs) be grown?
Gold Standard – Should the United States return to a gold standard?
Golf – Is golf a sport and are golfers athletes?
Gun Control – Should more gun control laws be enacted?
Historic Statue Removal – Should historic statues be taken down?
Homework – Is homework beneficial?
Illegal Immigration – Should the U.S. government provide a path to citizenship for undocumented immigrants?
Internet – Is the internet “making us stupid?”
Kneeling during the National Anthem – Is kneeling during the national anthem an appropriate form of protest?
Mandatory National Service – Should the United States have mandatory national service?
Medical Aid in Dying (MAID) – Should medical aid in dying be legal?
Medical Marijuana – Should medical marijuana be legal?
Milk – Should humans consume dairy milk?
Minimum Wage – Should the federal minimum wage be increased?
Net Neutrality – Should the U.S. have net neutrality laws?
Obesity – Is obesity a disease?
Olympics – Are the Olympic games an overall benefit for their host countries and cities?
OTC Birth Control Pills – Should birth control pills be available over-the-counter (OTC)?
Penny – Should the penny stay in circulation?
Pit Bull Bans – Should breed-specific legislation (“pit bull bans”) be enacted?
Pokémon – Is Pokémon Go good for our society?
Police Body Cameras – Should police officers wear body cameras?
Prescription Drug Costs – Should the U.S. federal government regulate prescription drug prices?
Presidential Election, 2024 – 2024 Presidential Election Site
Private Prisons – Should prisons be privatized?
Recreational Marijuana – Should recreational marijuana be legal?
Reparations for Slavery – Should the federal government pay reparations to the descendants of slaves?
Right to Healthcare – Should all Americans have the right (be entitled) to health care?
Sanctuary Cities – Should sanctuary cities receive federal funding?
Santa Claus – Is there really a Santa Claus?
Saturday Halloween – Should Halloween be moved permanently to Saturday?
School Uniforms – Should students have to wear school uniforms?
Single-use Plastics Ban – Should single-use plastics be banned?
Social Media & Digital Addiction – Does social media spur digital addiction and other social ills?
Social Security Privatization – Should social security be privatized?
Space Colonization – Should humans colonize space?
Standardized Tests – Do standardized tests improve education in America?
Student Loan Debt – Should student loan debt be eliminated via forgiveness or bankruptcy?
TikTok Bans – Should TikTok be banned?
Uber & Lyft – Are ride-sharing companies a benefit to society?
Universal Basic Income (UBI) – Should the United States implement a universal basic income?
U.S. Supreme Court Packing – Should packing the U.S. Supreme Court ever be considered?
Vaccines for Kids – Should states be allowed to mandate vaccines for school attendance??
Vaping E-Cigarettes – Is vaping e-cigarettes safe?
Vegetarianism – Should people become vegetarian?
Video Games & Violence – Do violent video games contribute to youth violence?
Voting Age – Should the voting age be lowered to 16?
Voting Machines – Are electronic voting machines the best method for voting?
Zoos – Should zoos exist?
Archived Topics
Please note that ProCon no longer updates these debates.
ACLU – Is the ACLU good for America?
Big Three Bailout – Should the big three car manufacturers be bailed out by the U.S. government?
Born Gay – Is sexual orientation determined at birth?
Climate Change – Is human activity primarily responsible for global climate change?
College Football Playoffs – Should college football replace the Bowl Championship Series (BCS) with a playoff system?
Dakota Access Pipeline – Should the Dakota Access Pipeline be completed?
D.A.R.E. – Is the D.A.R.E. program good for America’s kids (K-12)?
Gay Marriage – Should gay marriage be legal?
Congressional Insider Trading – Should insider trading by Congress be allowed?
Israeli-Palestinian Conflict – What are the solutions to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict?
Obamacare – Is the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) good for America?
Paying College Athletes – Should colleges and universities pay college athletes?
President Bill Clinton – Was Bill Clinton a good president?
President Ronald Reagan – Was Ronald Reagan a good president?
Presidential Election, 2008 – Which candidate would make the best U.S. president?
Presidential Election, 2012 – Which candidate should be U.S. president in 2012?
Presidential Election, 2016 – The candidates and where they stand on the issues
Presidential Election, 2020 – 2020 Presidential Election Site
Prostitution – Should prostitution be legal?
School Vouchers – Should states have school voucher programs?
Tablets v. Textbooks -Should tablets replace textbooks in K-12 schools?
Teacher Tenure – Should teachers get tenure?
Under God in the Pledge – Should the words “under god” be in the U.S. Pledge of Allegiance?
U.S. Drone Shot down by Iran – Was the U.S. drone shot down by Iran over international waters?
U.S.-Iraq War – Should the U.S. have attacked Iraq?
WTC Muslim Center – Is it appropriate to build a muslim community center (aka the ”ground zero mosque”) near the World Trade Center site?
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ProCon.org is the institutional or organization author for all ProCon.org pages. Proper citation depends on your preferred or required style manual. Below are the proper citations for this page according to four style manuals (in alphabetical order): the Modern Language Association Style Manual (MLA), the Chicago Manual of Style (Chicago), the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA), and Kate Turabian's A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations (Turabian). Here are the proper bibliographic citations for this page according to four style manuals (in alphabetical order):
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An argumentative essay is a piece of writing that uses logical evidence and empirical data to convince readers of a particular position on a topic. Because of its reliance on structure and planning, the first step in writing one is often drafting a solid argumentative essay outline.
Of course, drafting an argumentative essay outline can be just as daunting as actually writing one. Choosing topics is one thing, but organizing your thesis , research, reasoning, and conclusion is a whole other endeavor—and that’s all before beginning the first draft!
So in this quick guide, we explain how to make an effective argumentative essay outline, covering all three major formats: Classical (Aristotelian), Rogerian, and Toulmin. We’ll also include argumentative essay outline examples and templates to help you understand what works.
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How is an argumentative essay structured?
Classical argumentative essay outline template, rogerian argumentative essay outline template, toulmin argumentative essay outline template, argumentative essay faqs.
An argumentative essay uses facts, data, and logical reasoning to substantiate a specific stance on any given topic. They are typically structured to “build an argument,” with a clear thesis statement , unambiguous conclusion, and as much evidential support as needed.
While all seven types of essays follow the same introduction-body-conclusion structure, argumentative essays tend to be more complex to fit all the necessary components of a convincing argument. For example, you may want to dissect opposing points of view to strengthen your own argument, but where would you put that section? Before your argument? After? Intermingled throughout the essay with each new piece of evidence?
There’s no one right way to structure an argumentative essay; it depends on your topic, opposing viewpoints, and the readers, among other things. In fact, to accommodate different types of argumentative essay styles, three methods have emerged as the go-to formats: Classical (Aristotelian), Rogerian, and Toulmin, explained below.
No matter the format or topic, a strong argumentative essay outline makes it easier to organize your thoughts and present your case in the best possible way. So before you get down to the actual essay writing , take a little time to prepare what you want to say in an outline.
Knowing how to write an outline is just half the battle. Because an argumentative essay outline requires extra structure and organization, it often requires more extensive planning than the standard essay outline . After all, the goal is to present the best argument for your topic, so you need to make sure each section is in the optimal place.
As mentioned, there are three main options for how to structure an argumentative essay. Before we dive into the details, let’s look at an overview of each so you can decide which one best fits your essay.
When to use it: straightforward and direct arguments
The most forthright approach, the Classical or Aristotelian format is closest to traditional essay structures. It follows a simple layout: explain your argument, explain your opposition’s argument, and then present your evidence, all the while relying on credibility ( ethos ), emotion ( pathos ), and reasoning ( logos ) to influence the reader.
When to use it: both sides make valid arguments; your readers are sympathetic to the opposing position
The Rogerian format gives ample respect to opposing stances, making it a great “middle-ground” approach for representing both sides. This method is ideal if your thesis is a compromise between conflicting positions or an attempt to unify them.
Likewise, this format is best if you’re writing for readers who are already biased toward an opposing position, such as if you’re arguing against societal norms.
When to use it: complicated arguments with multiple facets; rebuttals and counterarguments
The Toulmin method is a deep analysis of a single argument. Given its methodical and detailed nature, it works best for breaking down a complicated thesis into digestible portions.
The Toulmin method is rather nitpicky in a very systematic way. That makes it an ideal format if your essay is a rebuttal or counterargument to another essay—you’re able to dissect and disprove your opposition point by point while offering a more reasonable alternative.
Aristotle had a gift for explaining things clearly and logically, and the Aristotelian argumentative essay structure leans into that. Also known as Classical or Classic, the Aristotelian format is the most straightforward: the writer presents their argument first and then refutes the opposing argument.
Let’s look at the details in this argumentative essay outline example for the Classical or Aristotelian format.
I. Introduction
A. Open with a hook, something to keep the reader interested enough to read until the conclusion (known as exordium ) B. Give any background information or context necessary to understand the topic (known as narratio ) C. Provide a thesis statement explaining your stance and why you feel that way (known as proposito and partitio )
II. First reason
A. Start with the least controversial reason to support your argument, explaining your point clearly as an overview 1. First evidential support of your reason (known as confirmatio )
2. Second evidential support of your reason, then third, and so on
B. Summarize your first reason again and tie it together with evidential support
III. Second reason, etc.
A. Continue to list your reasons in the same format as the first. List your reasons from least to most controversial
IV. First opposing point of view
A. Explain the reasoning of the opposing side. Point out their defenses and evidence—what would they say if they were writing the essay? 1. Point out weaknesses and inconsistencies in their argument
2. Refute their points with evidential support (known as refutatio )
3. Reinforce your position as the more reasonable position
V. Second opposing point of view, etc.
A. Continue to present and refute opposing points of view in the same format as the first
VI. Conclusion
A. Reiterate your position and thesis statement, drawing on your strongest evidential support and rebuttals of opposing points (known as peroratio ) B. Wrap everything up with a thought-provoking ending or call to action (a suggestion you want the reader to take)
Of all formats, Rogerian gives the most attention to opposing arguments. Its goal is to create a middle ground between two arguments, pointing out the validity of each and finding a way to unify them as one. If positions on a particular topic are too polarized or unable to coexist, this format won’t work.
Let’s take a closer look at the Rogerian argumentative essay outline example below and notice the concessions for opposing points of view.
A. State the problem that needs to be solved and any context necessary for understanding it B. Explain the ideal solutions from your position as well as the ideal solutions from opposing positions (and point out any overlap) C. Make your thesis statement
II. Summarize the opposing position
A. Summarize the opposition’s point of view respectfully; consider their defense and reasoning 1. Present evidential support for the opposing position
2. Comment on or refute their support
B. Follow the same format for additional opposing points of view
III. Validate the opposing position
A. Show that you understand and/or sympathize with the opposing position 1. Explain the context and reasoning behind your opposition’s perspective
2. Elaborate on the evidence and data from opposing positions
B. Affirm the areas in which you agree with the opposition
IV. Present your position
A. Summarize your first reason for holding your position 1. Present your first piece of evidential support
2. Present your second piece of evidential support, and so on
B. Summarize your second reason for holding your position, and so on
V. Bring both sides together (compromise)
A. Consider which aspects from each argument are most reasonable B. Propose a compromise that combines the best elements from each position
A. Reaffirm your respect for the opposing point of view B. Reiterate the areas in which the opposition can benefit from your argument and vice versa C. Summarize the earlier compromise and, if possible, end on a positive note
Stephen Toulmin’s original purpose was to analyze the nature of arguments, but the application of his teachings has evolved into an argumentative essay format, especially for challenging existing arguments. It focuses on the six elements that make up a good argument: claim (thesis), grounds (data and reasons), warrants, backings, qualifiers, and rebuttals.
The argumentative essay outline example below shows the recommended order in which to put these elements:
A. Open with a hook, if you can, to garner interest B. Explain the topic and its necessary context C. Make your thesis statement
II. Present the grounds (hard evidence) to validate your thesis
A. Present your first evidential support of data or logical reasons B. Present your second evidential support of data or logical reasons, and so on
III. Explain your first warrant (justification for your thesis)
A. Explain how the warrant relates back to your thesis B. Provide backing to support your warrant (could be more evidence or data or just logical reasoning) C. List any qualifiers that undermine or limit your warrant—the idea is to acknowledge any weaknesses in your own argument
IV. Explain your second warrant, and so on
A. Continue to explain your individual warrants as above
V. Discuss opposition
A. Explain the first opposing point of view 1. Discuss the opposition fairly and transparently
2. Explain your rebuttal to defend your thesis
B. Explain the second opposing point of view, and so on
A. Connect all your warrants and data together B. Reiterate the opposing position and your rebuttals C. Draw a conclusion to make your final claim and reaffirm your thesis
What is an argumentative essay?
An argumentative essay is a short, nonfiction piece of writing that uses logical evidence and empirical data to convince the reader of a certain point of view.
Argumentative essays typically include an explanation of the writer’s position (thesis), evidence supporting that thesis, opposing points of view, and rebuttals against that opposition. The order in which these sections are presented, however, depends on the format.
What are some common ways to organize an argumentative essay outline?
The most straightforward approach to an argumentative essay outline is to first present your position, including the evidence and reasoning to back it up, and then address the opposing points of view. However, the more complex the topic, the more layers must be added to the outline.
Learn the best strategies and tips on how to write an effective and persuasive debate essay for your academic success.
When it comes to expressing opinions, engaging in a debate can be an effective way to communicate and support your stance on a particular issue. A debate essay, or argumentative essay, allows you to showcase your critical thinking skills and present a well-reasoned argument. This type of essay requires careful planning and organization to effectively persuade your audience. By following a step-by-step approach, you can develop a strong debate essay that presents your point of view clearly and convincingly.
Before diving into the writing process, it’s essential to understand the purpose of a debate essay. The goal is not only to express your own opinion but also to address counterarguments and anticipate potential objections. Your aim is to convince your audience to understand and accept your perspective by presenting strong evidence and logical reasoning. To achieve this, you need to research and gather relevant information on the topic, evaluate different viewpoints, and outline a clear structure for your essay.
One of the key components of a successful debate essay is a strong thesis statement. This statement presents the main argument or claim that you will be defending throughout your essay. It should be clear, concise, and impactful. Your thesis statement should express your position on the topic and provide a preview of the main points you will be discussing. A well-crafted thesis statement sets the tone for your essay and helps guide your writing process, ensuring that every point you make supports and strengthens your overall argument.
Before diving into the debate essay writing process, it is crucial to thoroughly understand the topic at hand and carefully consider which side you will argue for. This step is essential as it sets the foundation for a well-reasoned and persuasive argument.
Take the time to read and research extensively on the topic to gain a comprehensive understanding of its different aspects and perspectives. Look for reliable sources such as books, scholarly articles, and reputable websites to gather information and insights. By doing so, you will be able to familiarize yourself with various arguments, counterarguments, and evidence presented by experts in the field.
Once you have gained a deep understanding of the topic, it is time to choose a side. Consider the different arguments presented by both sides and evaluate which one aligns with your own beliefs, values, and knowledge. Think about the strengths and weaknesses of each argument, as well as the evidence supporting them. Reflect on your own experiences and personal views to help you make an informed decision.
Choosing a side does not necessarily mean that you have to agree with it wholeheartedly. It simply means that you will be presenting and defending that particular perspective in your debate essay. Keep in mind that choosing a side does not imply being closed-minded or dismissive of the opposing viewpoint. A well-rounded debate essay will acknowledge and address counterarguments, showing a balanced and thoughtful approach to the topic.
Once you understand the topic and have chosen a side, you can move on to the next step of the debate essay writing process: gathering evidence and constructing a persuasive argument.
In order to write a strong and convincing debate essay, it is essential to conduct thorough research and gather relevant supporting evidence. Research serves as the foundation for an effective argument, providing credible information that strengthens your position and persuades your audience.
When conducting research, it is important to explore multiple sources to ensure a well-rounded understanding of the topic. This can include peer-reviewed articles, academic journals, books, and reputable websites. By utilizing a variety of sources, you can gain different perspectives and enhance the credibility of your argument.
During the research process, it is crucial to critically analyze the information you gather. This involves evaluating the credibility and reliability of your sources. Look for evidence that is backed by reputable experts, institutions, or organizations. Additionally, consider the timeliness of the information to ensure that you are presenting the most current and relevant data.
As you gather evidence, it is also important to keep track of your sources. This will allow you to properly cite and reference your information in your debate essay. Utilize a citation style guide, such as APA or MLA, to ensure consistency and accuracy in your citations.
When selecting evidence to support your argument, consider the strengths and weaknesses of each piece of information. Choose evidence that is logical, well-reasoned, and directly relevant to your argument. Avoid using biased or unreliable sources that may weaken your position.
In conclusion, research and gathering supporting evidence is a critical step in writing a debate essay. Thorough research and careful evaluation of sources will strengthen your argument and enhance your credibility. By selecting well-reasoned and relevant evidence, you can effectively persuade your audience and present a compelling debate essay.
When writing a debate essay, it is crucial to organize your arguments in a clear and logical manner. By doing so, you will be able to effectively present your ideas and support your stance on the given topic. Organizing your arguments not only helps you convey your message more effectively, but it also makes it easier for your readers to comprehend and follow your line of thinking.
One way to organize your arguments is to group them based on similarities or themes. This can be done by identifying common elements or ideas among your arguments and grouping them together. For example, if you are arguing in favor of stricter gun control laws, you might have separate arguments related to reducing gun violence, preventing accidental shootings, and deterring criminals. By grouping these arguments together, you can present a more cohesive and convincing case.
Another way to organize your arguments is by presenting them in a logical order. This can be done by arranging your arguments from the strongest to the weakest or from the most general to the most specific. By structuring your arguments in this way, you can build a strong foundation and gradually persuade your readers as they progress through your essay. Additionally, presenting your arguments in a logical order makes it easier for your readers to follow your reasoning and understand the progression of your ideas.
Furthermore, it is important to provide evidence and examples to support your arguments. This can be done by incorporating research findings, statistics, expert opinions, and real-life examples into your essay. By including evidence, you not only strengthen your arguments but also make them more persuasive and credible. However, it is crucial to ensure that the evidence you present is reliable and relevant to your topic. Additionally, you should clearly explain how the evidence supports your arguments so that your readers can understand the connection.
In conclusion, organizing your arguments is a crucial step in writing a debate essay. By grouping your arguments based on similarities or themes, presenting them in a logical order, and providing evidence to support them, you can effectively convey your ideas and persuade your readers. Remember to stay focused on your main point and to present your arguments in a clear and concise manner. With proper organization, your debate essay will be more impactful and convincing.
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When writing an argumentative essay, it can be helpful to look at examples and samples that provide the structure of the outline for the essay form. Here are argumentative essay examples to use when writing your university-level essay.
An argumentative essay backs up its claims with facts and evidence. Its ultimate goal is to persuade the reader to concur with the thesis. Instead of only the author’s thoughts and feelings, a strong argumentative essay will incorporate facts and evidence to back up its claims.
This article will find three different argumentative essay examples to help you understand how to frame a good argument.
Argumentative essays typically follow the conventional five-paragraph pattern. However, this is not necessary. The two common frameworks for these articles are the Toulmin model and the Rogerian model.
Below are three examples of argumentative essays.
Some people have proposed closing public libraries and replacing them with iPads with e-reader subscriptions as online learning becomes more widespread and more resources are transformed into digital form.
The idea’s proponents claim that it will result in financial savings for nearby cities and villages because libraries are expensive. They think more people will read since they won’t have to go to the library to borrow a book. Instead, they can just click on the book they want to read and read it from wherever they are. Additionally, since libraries won’t need to purchase physical copies of books because they can simply rent as many digital ones, they’ll have access to more resources.
But using tablets to replace libraries would be a grave error. First, compared to print resources, digital books and resources are more problematic and are connected with less learning. According to research comparing tablet and book reading, tablet users read 20–30% slower, remember 20–20% less information, and comprehend 10–15% less of what they read than those who read the same material in print. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that gazing at a computer for an extended period is significantly more likely than reading print to result in several health issues. Such as blurred vision, faintness, dry eyes, headaches, and eye strain.
A higher incidence of more significant health conditions like fibromyalgia, shoulder and back discomfort, and carpal tunnel syndrome. And muscle strain is also observed in individuals who use tablets and mobile devices extensively.
Second, assuming that libraries provide book lending is limited-minded. There are many advantages to libraries, many of which can only be accessed if the library is physically there. These advantages include serving as a peaceful study area, offering a forum for neighborhood interaction, hosting classes on various subjects, creating employment opportunities, responding to client inquiries, and maintaining a sense of community. Over a third of residents in one neighborhood said they felt more connected to their community when a local library started hosting community events like play dates for young children and their parents .
Similarly, a 2015 Pew survey revealed that nearly two-thirds of American respondents believed eliminating their neighborhood library would significantly negatively impact their neighborhood.
Tablets can’t provide these advantages nearly as well as libraries do for those looking to connect with others and find answers to their queries.
Despite the numerous problems with digital screens, replacing libraries with tablets may seem straightforward, but it would inspire people to spend even more time staring at screens. Additionally, many of the advantages of libraries on which people have come to rely would no longer be accessible. A simple object in many communities could never replace libraries since they are such a vital element of the social fabric.
Malaria is a contagious illness brought on by parasites that are spread to humans by female Anopheles mosquitoes. Over 500 million people contract malaria each year, with about 80% of those individuals residing in Sub-Saharan Africa. Every year, malaria claims the lives of close to 500,000 people, the majority of them being young children under the age of five. Malaria has a higher death rate than many other infectious disorders.
Rather than treating the illness once the person is already infected, even though there have been numerous programs created to increase access to malaria treatment.
Numerous medications are available to treat malaria; many are effective and life-saving. Nonetheless, malaria eradication projects in Sub-Saharan Africa that place an excessive emphasis on treatment and insufficient emphasis on prevention have not been successful over the long run . The WHO’s Global Malaria Eradication Programme was a significant initiative to eradicate malaria. It was founded in 1955 to eradicate malaria in Africa during the following ten years . The program largely focused on vector control and was based on earlier successful initiatives in Brazil and the US. Chloroquine was widely dispersed, while DDT was sprayed in massive quantities.
The effort to eradicate malaria cost more than one billion dollars. However, the initiative was plagued by numerous issues, and in 1969, WHO had to acknowledge that the program had failed to eradicate malaria. During the period the initiative was in place, the number of malaria cases and malaria-related deaths in Sub-Saharan Africa had increased by more than 10%.
The project’s failure was largely due to the consistent strategies and procedures it imposed. The program was not nearly as effective as it could have been since it did not consider differences in governments, geography, and infrastructure. Sub-Saharan Africa lacks the resources and infrastructure necessary to sustain such a complex program, making it impossible to carry out in an intended manner.
Most African nations lack the funds to adequately treat and immunize all of their citizens, let alone afford to clean marshes or other malaria-prone areas. Only 25% of what Brazil spent on malaria eradication was spent per person on the continent. Africa’s Sub-Saharan region cannot rely on a strategy that calls for increased funding, infrastructure, or further expertise.
The widespread use of chloroquine has also led to developing parasites that are now a problem in Sub-Saharan Africa. Because chloroquine was used frequently but ineffectively, mosquitoes became resistant, and as a result, over 95% of mosquitoes in Sub-Saharan Africa are now resistant to it. To prevent and treat malaria, newer, more expensive treatments must be utilized, which raises the price of malaria treatment for a region that can’t afford it.
Programs should concentrate on preventing infection from arising in the first place rather than creating plans to treat malaria after the infection has already occurred. This strategy is more affordable and effective and also decreases the number of days lost to missed work or school, which can further impair the region’s output.
Insecticide-treated bed nets are one of the easiest and most cost-efficient ways to prevent malaria (ITNs). These nets offer a secure perimeter around whoever is utilizing them. Bed nets treated with insecticides are far more useful than those that haven’t since they prevent mosquitoes from biting people through the netting. And help lower mosquito populations in a neighborhood, aiding those who don’t even possess bed nets. Because most mosquito bites occur when a person is asleep, bed nets can significantly lessen the number of transmissions at night. Where ITNs are widely used, malaria transmission can be decreased by as much as 90%.
Households suffering from malaria can usually only gather 40% of the yields that healthy families can. A household with malaria sufferers also spends about a fifth of its income on medical expenses, not accounting for the time lost from work due to the sickness. According to estimates, malaria causes Africa to lose 12 billion USD in revenue annually. Sub-Saharan Africa needs a strong economy made possible by a large working population.
People are once again debating whether college athletes should be paid due to the continued popularity of college athletics and the significant financial success of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA).
There are numerous possible payment structures. Student-athletes might receive compensation through sponsorships, autographs, and the right to use their likeness, just like professional Olympians do. These payments could take a free-market approach in which players can earn whatever the market offers.
The idea’s proponents contend that college athletes need to be paid in some way for their labor since they are the ones who practice, compete in games, along with drawing spectators. Without college athletes, the NCAA wouldn’t exist, coaches wouldn’t be paid their (sometimes very high) salaries, and companies like Nike wouldn’t be able to make money off college sports. College athletes don’t receive any of the $1 billion in annual revenue that the NCAA generates in the form of a paycheck.
People who support paying college athletes assert that doing so will encourage them to stay in school longer and delay turning pro.
The Duke basketball sensation Zion Williamson, who suffered a catastrophic knee injury during his freshman year, is cited by the idea’s proponents as evidence. Many others claimed that even he adored representing Duke, risking another injury and prematurely terminating his professional career for an organization that wasn’t paying him wasn’t worth it. Later that year, Williamson declared his eligibility for the NCAA draught, showing that he agreed with them. He might have remained at Duke for more time had he been paid.
Paying athletes might also end the NCAA’s ongoing recruitment issues. Because it was determined that coaches were utilizing sex workers to attract recruits to join the team, which was completely wrong. The NCAA stripped the University of Louisville men’s basketball team of its national championship trophy in 2018. Numerous additional recruiting scandals have occurred, in which college athletes and recruiters were bought off with anything from free automobiles to having their grades modified to outright bribery.
The NCAA might end the dishonest and unlawful methods certain schools and coaches use to recruit athletes by paying college athletes and disclosing their earnings.
Even though both sides have valid arguments, it is evident that the drawbacks of compensating collegiate athletes exceed their advantages. College athletes dedicate much time and effort to representing their institution but are rewarded with scholarships and benefits. This can result in a bidding war only for the top athletes.
In contrast, most student athletics and college athletic programs would suffer or shut down due to a lack of funding. It is possible for many people if benefits for student-athletes are maintained at the current level.
A successful argumentative essay incorporates the author’s thoughts and opinions and uses facts and evidence to support its claims. For instance, you might have wished to write an argumentative essay arguing that your friends would like to travel to New York.
The majority of individuals concur that eating fast food is unhealthy. It is arguable whether the federal government should regulate the size of sodas sold at fast-food restaurants because junk food is detrimental to your health. The statement is open to reasonable agreement or disagreement.
Start with a sentence that will grab your attention. Describe the texts in detail. Declare your position. Verify that you have rephrased the prompt. Add a topic sentence that restates your assertion and justification.
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Home — Essay Types — Argumentative Essay
When it comes to crafting compelling argumentative essays, the choice of your topic plays a pivotal role. Argumentative essay topics are the cornerstone of your paper's success. They provide the foundation upon which you'll build your persuasive arguments. To ensure your essay engages your audience effectively, consider the following aspects:
Social issues.
Selecting the right argumentative essay topic is a critical step in the essay-writing process. By choosing relevant, interesting, and controversial topics for argument essays, you can enhance your essay's visibility and impact. Moreover, maintaining a balanced approach to argumentation will ensure your essay is both persuasive and comprehensive. For further guidance, consider referring to argumentative essay examples to refine your writing skills and gain valuable insights.
Argumentative essays, widely recognized as a prevalent form of essay writing in academic settings, meld persuasive arguments with fact-based research to create a potent means of swaying an individual’s viewpoint. If an argumentative essay poses a challenge for you or if you’re eager to deepen your understanding of them, exploring argumentative essay examples can provide significant assistance and insights.
An argumentative essay is a form of writing that presents a central argument or claim about a specific topic and supports it with evidence, logic, and reasoning. Unlike other types of essays that might focus on narrating a story, describing a process, or exploring concepts in a balanced manner, an argumentative essay takes a clear stance on an issue and aims to persuade the reader to see the topic from the writer’s perspective.
Argumentative essays, widely recognized as a prevalent form of essay writing in academic settings, meld persuasive arguments with fact-based research to create a potent means of swaying an individual’s viewpoint. If an argumentative essay poses a challenge for you or if you’re eager to deepen your understanding of them, exploring argumentative essay examples , such as “Smoking Should Be Banned” argumentative essay can provide significant assistance and insights.
The aim of an argumentative essay is not only to present arguments and evidence in favor of the author’s viewpoint but also to consider and refute opposing viewpoints, providing a balanced and well-reasoned debate. Students and writers may find free argumentative essay examples to be useful guides for structuring and crafting their own essays, offering insights into effective argumentation and persuasive techniques.
A crucial element in an argumentative essay is acknowledging opposing viewpoints. This shows that the writer has considered alternative perspectives, enhancing the essay’s credibility. Addressing counterarguments and refuting them with logic and evidence demonstrates the strength of the original argument.
In essence, an argumentative essay is a powerful tool for expressing opinions, influencing perspectives, and engaging in intellectual debates. Through careful research, strategic argumentation, and persuasive writing, students can master the art of argumentative essay writing, effectively conveying their viewpoints on complex issues.
Starting an argumentative essay, especially for beginners, can be a nuanced task. The process involves crafting a concise and compelling introduction to present and persuade your viewpoint, followed by body paragraphs that both support your thesis and discuss your argument’s strengths and weaknesses. Concluding formally, summarizing key points, and referring to relevant examples enhance understanding and effectiveness in presenting the argument. This process, while straightforward, might pose challenges for new writers.
To enhance understanding and effectiveness in articulating your position, incorporating argumentative essay examples at strategic points within your essay can serve as a valuable tool. These examples not only demonstrate how to effectively structure and present arguments but also offer insights into engaging with counterarguments and employing persuasive techniques. For beginners, observing how these elements are woven into successful essays can illuminate the path from a simple statement of opinion to a compelling argumentative essay. This holistic approach, from introduction through to conclusion, enriched with carefully selected examples, ensures that the essay resonates with readers and leaves a lasting impact.
The pre-writing process entails developing a strategic outline that guides the writer in crafting their essay. Here are the steps to devise a plan for your argumentative essay:
By following these steps and examining argumentative essay examples, beginners can develop the skills needed to create compelling and persuasive essays.
Exploring the structure of an argumentative essay is crucial for any writer looking to persuade their audience effectively. This essay type hinges on a clear, logical progression of ideas, supporting evidence, and a compelling thesis statement that ties everything together. By dissecting an example of argumentative essay, we can uncover the foundational elements that make these essays persuasive and impactful. Each part of the essay, from the introduction to the conclusion, plays a pivotal role in presenting the argument coherently and persuasively. Through examining a well-structured example, writers can gain insights into how to effectively organize their thoughts, present their arguments, and engage their readers. This exploration will not only illuminate the essential components of an argumentative essay but also demonstrate how these elements interconnect to present a convincing argument.
The conventional format of five paragraphs is frequently adopted for argumentative essays, though it’s not obligatory. Such essays usually adopt either the Toulmin or Rogerian strategies for structuring arguments.
I. Introduction | Hook, Background, Thesis Statement | Introduce your topic by offering your readers the freedom to decide on what their thoughts are. State the main argument and don’t be biased in this section. |
II. Body Paragraphs | Argument Presentation, Rebuttal, Additional Evidence | Introduce and support the main argument, refute counterarguments, and provide additional supporting evidence. Provide analytical information and offer some data that will help structure your argumentation. |
III. Conclusion | Restate Thesis, Summarize, Closing Remarks | Restate your thesis and offer a summary of your key ideas and thoughts. |
IV. Works Cited | List and format all cited sources alphabetically, adhering to the citation style. |
By consolidating the process into these five fundamental steps, you can create a solid framework to effectively guide your argumentative essay writing. Viewing free examples of argumentative essays might provide practical insights into applying these steps effectively.
For instance, examining an example of an argumentative essay on a contentious issue like “The Impact of Social Media on Society” can showcase how to balance persuasive argumentation with factual evidence, demonstrating the art of convincing the reader through a well-structured argument. Such examples serve not only as a template for formatting and style but also offer strategic insights into the nuanced process of engaging and persuading an audience, illustrating the power of a well-crafted argument. Through diligent practice and studying examples, students can enhance their ability to communicate complex ideas persuasively and coherently.
“In the digital age, social media platforms have become central to our daily lives. However, while they connect us across the globe, they also raise significant privacy concerns. This essay argues that social media companies should be held to higher standards of data protection to safeguard user privacy.”
Why this introduction works: It immediately presents a relevant and controversial topic, hooks the reader with the issue of privacy, and clearly states the thesis that advocates for stricter data protection measures.
How it could be improved: To enhance it, the introduction could include a brief mention of opposing viewpoints or more specific examples of privacy breaches to further ground the argument.
“One of the primary concerns with social media is the way personal information is collected and used without explicit consent. For instance, a study by the Privacy Rights Clearinghouse found that 80% of social media sites sell user data to third parties. This practice not only breaches individual privacy but also exposes users to targeted advertising and potential fraud.”
Why this body paragraph works: It focuses on a single, clear point supporting the thesis, uses concrete evidence (a study) to back up the claim, and explains the significance of the evidence.
How it could be improved: This paragraph could be strengthened by addressing a counterargument, such as the economic benefits of targeted advertising for businesses and users, and then rebutting it to reinforce the original argument.
“In conclusion, the unchecked collection and use of personal data by social media companies pose a significant threat to user privacy. This essay has demonstrated the need for stricter data protection regulations to ensure that individuals retain control over their personal information. As digital citizens, it is imperative that we demand transparency and accountability from these platforms.”
Why this conclusion works: It effectively summarizes the essay’s main points, restates the thesis in light of the arguments made, and ends with a powerful call to action that encourages reader engagement.
How it could be improved: The conclusion could offer a broader perspective, suggesting ways in which individuals can protect their privacy or how these issues reflect larger societal concerns about digital rights and freedoms.
A thesis statement in an argumentative essay serves as the essay’s backbone , articulating the central argument or claim that the entire essay will support and defend. It’s a roadmap for the reader, indicating what to expect in the essay and presenting the writer’s stance on the issue. A well-crafted thesis statement should be clear, concise, and debatable, offering a specific perspective that can be argued against.
Why This Works:
How It Could Be Improved:
While the example thesis is strong, it could further specify the nature of the “comprehensive regulation” proposed, making the essay’s direction even clearer to the reader. For instance, specifying types of regulation or areas of focus (e.g., data protection, age restrictions) would offer a more precise roadmap for the argument.
Writing a good argumentative essay requires careful planning, organization, and persuasive writing skills. Here are the top three tips to help you craft an effective argumentative essay:
Select a topic that you are passionate about and that has two or more opposing sides. A strong argumentative essay presents a clear and debatable thesis statement. Avoid topics that are overly broad or have already been settled conclusively.
Your thesis statement is the core of your argumentative essay. It should clearly state your position on the topic and provide a concise preview of the main points you will use to support your argument. Make sure your thesis is specific, arguable, and focused.
– To persuade your readers, you need to provide compelling evidence and sound reasoning to support your thesis. Use a variety of reputable sources such as academic articles, books, statistics, and expert opinions. Cite your sources properly and use them to back up your claims.
– Organize your essay logically with a clear introduction, body paragraphs that each focus on a single supporting point, and a conclusion that summarizes your main arguments and reiterates your thesis.
– Address counterarguments and rebut them effectively. Anticipating and responding to opposing viewpoints demonstrates that you have considered all perspectives on the issue and strengthens your argument.
Revise and Edit Carefully: after completing your essay, take the time to revise and edit it. Check for clarity, coherence, grammar, and spelling errors. Ensure that your essay flows smoothly and that your arguments are well-structured. Consider seeking feedback from peers or instructors to get different perspectives on your essay’s strengths and weaknesses.
By following these tips and presenting a well-reasoned argument supported by credible evidence, you’ll be well on your way to writing a compelling argumentative essay.
Before delving into argumentative essay samples , take a moment to familiarize yourself with the infographic summarizing tips for essay writing.
Crafting compelling argumentative essays is an essential aspect of academic pursuits. To excel in this endeavor, gaining insights from good argumentative essay examples becomes imperative. Evaluating the quality of such examples is crucial to discern their usefulness. Key factors to consider include adherence to a specific essay model, the presence of a well-structured introductory paragraph, organized body sections, and a formal, impactful conclusion.
These examples serve as invaluable guides, aiding students in mastering the art of persuasive writing and enhancing their academic performance. Explore these examples to elevate your essay-writing prowess and excel in the realm of argumentative discourse.
When crafting college-level essays, it’s advisable to employ straightforward language, steering clear of unnecessary complexity. The key lies in presenting a compelling argument essay that combines simplicity with robust evidence to bolster your claims. To enhance your writing skills, take a moment to explore argument essay examples thoughtfully. Pay attention not only to their formatting but also to the vocabulary employed. You can check these in the “Should College Be Free” argumentative essay example or read these argument essay examples can serve as invaluable resources, offering insights into effective persuasive techniques. By studying them, you can sharpen your own writing prowess and create essays that resonate convincingly with your audience.
Explore the best argumentative essay examples tailored for high school students. These exemplary essays serve as invaluable resources, showcasing effective persuasive techniques and providing inspiration for your own writing endeavors. Elevate your argumentative essay skills and excel in high school academics with these illuminating examples.
As a middle school student, delving into the world of argumentative essays may seem daunting. You might be pondering how to construct a compelling argument and provide adequate support for your viewpoint. To demystify the process and empower you with valuable insights, we’ve curated a collection of argument essay examples. These free argumentative essay examples serve as practical guides, illuminating the path to crafting effective essays. By examining these examples, you’ll gain a deeper understanding of the art of persuasive writing, making the task of creating your argumentative essay a more manageable and successful endeavor.
Explore our curated collection of 5-paragraph argumentative essay examples. These exemplars provide a clear and structured framework for crafting compelling arguments. Each example guides you through the introductory paragraph, three body paragraphs presenting evidence and counterarguments, and a conclusive summary. Whether you’re a student or an aspiring writer, these examples offer valuable insights into building persuasive essays with a well-defined structure. Dive into these samples to sharpen your argumentative writing skills and master the art of persuasion.
These samples are tailored to the needs and understanding of 7th graders, providing them with clear and relatable examples of persuasive writing. These examples serve as valuable resources to help you grasp the fundamentals of constructing compelling arguments and honing your persuasive writing skills. Explore these 7th-grade argumentative essay examples to embark on your journey toward effective argumentation and critical thinking.
When it comes to argumentative essays, there’s no fixed word count limitation. The primary objective is to persuade and effectively convey the writer’s insights to the intended audience. An argumentative essay can be concise or extensive, yet its validity hinges on the strength of its argument. Here, we present a brief example of argumentative essay sample to illustrate how even a short composition can powerfully convey ideas and viewpoints. Whether you opt for brevity or depth, the essence of a compelling argument remains constant, making your case convincing.
Make sure that you check your grading rubric twice and study at least one free example of argumentative essay. It will help you compare the provided rules to your argumentative task as you begin to write.
Argumentative essays are a prevalent form of academic writing that combines persuasive arguments with research-based evidence to sway readers’ viewpoints. These essays seek to convince readers to adopt a particular perspective on a controversial issue by presenting a clear thesis, supporting it with evidence, and refuting opposing arguments. They are valuable tools for honing persuasive writing skills and critical thinking.
Our collection of argumentative essay examples covers various educational levels, from college to middle school, and different essay structures, including 5-paragraph and short essays. These samples provide practical insights into constructing compelling arguments, organizing essays effectively, and using evidence to support claims. They serve as valuable resources for students and writers looking to improve their argumentative essay writing skills.
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An argumentative essay is a type of essay that aims to persuade the reader to accept a particular point of view. It presents evidence and arguments to support the writer's claim and to refute opposing views.
The most important part of starting a successful argumentative essay is coming up with a good topic, thesis sentence statement, and a list of sources that will support your argumentation. These three elements are essential because they represent the core of your argumentative writing. Check our free argumentative essay examples to see how the argumentation in the thesis is supported by the evidence and citations. Do not ignore the introduction part with the sentences that set the topic for your essay. They must be present to let the readers know why your argumentative part takes place.
The trick is to avoid choosing argumentative essay titles that remain between two opinions. Once you have a good argument, it must take a side, yet never sound too opinionated. If you say something, provide evidence. Seek for argumentative essay topics that can influence your readers but avoid controversial ideas. Composing your thesis statement, start with a list of sources.
There are three main types of argumentative essays: Toulmin argument (focuses on the relationship between claims, evidence, and warrants), Rogerian argument (aims to find common ground with the reader and to build consensus; acknowledges opposing views and tries to show that the writer's position is compatible with them) and Classical argument (follows a three-part structure: introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion).
Since there are different meanings to the five parts used in examples of argumentative essays, it must be said that the structure part must include "Introduction - Thesis - Main Body Part - Counter-Arguments Paragraph - Conclusion". In terms of five elements of a good argument, it must include Pathos, Target Audience, Speaker's Voice, Ethos, Message, and Logos. Following this structure, you will be able to get rid of all the unnecessary parts and avoid including your thoughts where they are not meant to be. You can see our argumentative samples as the reference of structure.
The standards of academic writing do not recommend using the first person since an argumentative essay belongs to research writing where the focus is on the argument you make, not your personality. It is not a reflection essay as well. The target audience knows that you are the author. Still, you present argumentation based on research done by the others as the evidence, therefore, consider this fact. See our free argumentative essays to see how the grammar structures help to avoid “I” or “in my opinion” parts by using general descriptive patterns when referencing certain ideas.
Effective transitions in an argumentative essay can be achieved using words and phrases like "however," "contrary to popular belief," and "as confirmed by." These help in guiding the reader through your argument smoothly. To see how they work in practice, reviewing argumentative essay examples can be quite useful.
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Miscellaneous
You'll no doubt have to write a number of argumentative essays in both high school and college, but what, exactly, is an argumentative essay and how do you write the best one possible? Let's take a look.
A great argumentative essay always combines the same basic elements: approaching an argument from a rational perspective, researching sources, supporting your claims using facts rather than opinion, and articulating your reasoning into the most cogent and reasoned points. Argumentative essays are great building blocks for all sorts of research and rhetoric, so your teachers will expect you to master the technique before long.
But if this sounds daunting, never fear! We'll show how an argumentative essay differs from other kinds of papers, how to research and write them, how to pick an argumentative essay topic, and where to find example essays. So let's get started.
There are two basic requirements for any and all essays: to state a claim (a thesis statement) and to support that claim with evidence.
Though every essay is founded on these two ideas, there are several different types of essays, differentiated by the style of the writing, how the writer presents the thesis, and the types of evidence used to support the thesis statement.
Essays can be roughly divided into four different types:
#1: Argumentative #2: Persuasive #3: Expository #4: Analytical
So let's look at each type and what the differences are between them before we focus the rest of our time to argumentative essays.
Argumentative essays are what this article is all about, so let's talk about them first.
An argumentative essay attempts to convince a reader to agree with a particular argument (the writer's thesis statement). The writer takes a firm stand one way or another on a topic and then uses hard evidence to support that stance.
An argumentative essay seeks to prove to the reader that one argument —the writer's argument— is the factually and logically correct one. This means that an argumentative essay must use only evidence-based support to back up a claim , rather than emotional or philosophical reasoning (which is often allowed in other types of essays). Thus, an argumentative essay has a burden of substantiated proof and sources , whereas some other types of essays (namely persuasive essays) do not.
You can write an argumentative essay on any topic, so long as there's room for argument. Generally, you can use the same topics for both a persuasive essay or an argumentative one, so long as you support the argumentative essay with hard evidence.
Example topics of an argumentative essay:
The next three types of essays are not argumentative essays, but you may have written them in school. We're going to cover them so you know what not to do for your argumentative essay.
Persuasive essays are similar to argumentative essays, so it can be easy to get them confused. But knowing what makes an argumentative essay different than a persuasive essay can often mean the difference between an excellent grade and an average one.
Persuasive essays seek to persuade a reader to agree with the point of view of the writer, whether that point of view is based on factual evidence or not. The writer has much more flexibility in the evidence they can use, with the ability to use moral, cultural, or opinion-based reasoning as well as factual reasoning to persuade the reader to agree the writer's side of a given issue.
Instead of being forced to use "pure" reason as one would in an argumentative essay, the writer of a persuasive essay can manipulate or appeal to the reader's emotions. So long as the writer attempts to steer the readers into agreeing with the thesis statement, the writer doesn't necessarily need hard evidence in favor of the argument.
Often, you can use the same topics for both a persuasive essay or an argumentative one—the difference is all in the approach and the evidence you present.
Example topics of a persuasive essay:
An expository essay is typically a short essay in which the writer explains an idea, issue, or theme , or discusses the history of a person, place, or idea.
This is typically a fact-forward essay with little argument or opinion one way or the other.
Example topics of an expository essay:
An analytical essay seeks to delve into the deeper meaning of a text or work of art, or unpack a complicated idea . These kinds of essays closely interpret a source and look into its meaning by analyzing it at both a macro and micro level.
This type of analysis can be augmented by historical context or other expert or widely-regarded opinions on the subject, but is mainly supported directly through the original source (the piece or art or text being analyzed) .
Example topics of an analytical essay:
There are many different types of essay and, over time, you'll be able to master them all.
The average argumentative essay is between three to five pages, and will require at least three or four separate sources with which to back your claims . As for the essay topic , you'll most often be asked to write an argumentative essay in an English class on a "general" topic of your choice, ranging the gamut from science, to history, to literature.
But while the topics of an argumentative essay can span several different fields, the structure of an argumentative essay is always the same: you must support a claim—a claim that can reasonably have multiple sides—using multiple sources and using a standard essay format (which we'll talk about later on).
This is why many argumentative essay topics begin with the word "should," as in:
These topics all have at least two sides of the argument: Yes or no. And you must support the side you choose with evidence as to why your side is the correct one.
But there are also plenty of other ways to frame an argumentative essay as well:
Though these are worded differently than the first three, you're still essentially forced to pick between two sides of an issue: yes or no, for or against, benefit or detriment. Though your argument might not fall entirely into one side of the divide or another—for instance, you could claim that social media has positively impacted some aspects of modern life while being a detriment to others—your essay should still support one side of the argument above all. Your final stance would be that overall , social media is beneficial or overall , social media is harmful.
If your argument is one that is mostly text-based or backed by a single source (e.g., "How does Salinger show that Holden Caulfield is an unreliable narrator?" or "Does Gatsby personify the American Dream?"), then it's an analytical essay, rather than an argumentative essay. An argumentative essay will always be focused on more general topics so that you can use multiple sources to back up your claims.
So you know the basic idea behind an argumentative essay, but what topic should you write about?
Again, almost always, you'll be asked to write an argumentative essay on a free topic of your choice, or you'll be asked to select between a few given topics . If you're given complete free reign of topics, then it'll be up to you to find an essay topic that no only appeals to you, but that you can turn into an A+ argumentative essay.
What makes a "good" argumentative essay topic depends on both the subject matter and your personal interest —it can be hard to give your best effort on something that bores you to tears! But it can also be near impossible to write an argumentative essay on a topic that has no room for debate.
As we said earlier, a good argumentative essay topic will be one that has the potential to reasonably go in at least two directions—for or against, yes or no, and why . For example, it's pretty hard to write an argumentative essay on whether or not people should be allowed to murder one another—not a whole lot of debate there for most people!—but writing an essay for or against the death penalty has a lot more wiggle room for evidence and argument.
A good topic is also one that can be substantiated through hard evidence and relevant sources . So be sure to pick a topic that other people have studied (or at least studied elements of) so that you can use their data in your argument. For example, if you're arguing that it should be mandatory for all middle school children to play a sport, you might have to apply smaller scientific data points to the larger picture you're trying to justify. There are probably several studies you could cite on the benefits of physical activity and the positive effect structure and teamwork has on young minds, but there's probably no study you could use where a group of scientists put all middle-schoolers in one jurisdiction into a mandatory sports program (since that's probably never happened). So long as your evidence is relevant to your point and you can extrapolate from it to form a larger whole, you can use it as a part of your resource material.
And if you need ideas on where to get started, or just want to see sample argumentative essay topics, then check out these links for hundreds of potential argumentative essay topics.
101 Persuasive (or Argumentative) Essay and Speech Topics
301 Prompts for Argumentative Writing
Top 50 Ideas for Argumentative/Persuasive Essay Writing
[Note: some of these say "persuasive essay topics," but just remember that the same topic can often be used for both a persuasive essay and an argumentative essay; the difference is in your writing style and the evidence you use to support your claims.]
KO! Find that one argumentative essay topic you can absolutely conquer.
Argumentative Essays are composed of four main elements:
If you're familiar with essay writing in general, then you're also probably familiar with the five paragraph essay structure . This structure is a simple tool to show how one outlines an essay and breaks it down into its component parts, although it can be expanded into as many paragraphs as you want beyond the core five.
The standard argumentative essay is often 3-5 pages, which will usually mean a lot more than five paragraphs, but your overall structure will look the same as a much shorter essay.
An argumentative essay at its simplest structure will look like:
Now let's unpack each of these paragraph types to see how they work (with examples!), what goes into them, and why.
Your first task is to introduce the reader to the topic at hand so they'll be prepared for your claim. Give a little background information, set the scene, and give the reader some stakes so that they care about the issue you're going to discuss.
Next, you absolutely must have a position on an argument and make that position clear to the readers. It's not an argumentative essay unless you're arguing for a specific claim, and this claim will be your thesis statement.
Your thesis CANNOT be a mere statement of fact (e.g., "Washington DC is the capital of the United States"). Your thesis must instead be an opinion which can be backed up with evidence and has the potential to be argued against (e.g., "New York should be the capital of the United States").
These are your body paragraphs in which you give the reasons why your argument is the best one and back up this reasoning with concrete evidence .
The argument supporting the thesis of an argumentative essay should be one that can be supported by facts and evidence, rather than personal opinion or cultural or religious mores.
For example, if you're arguing that New York should be the new capital of the US, you would have to back up that fact by discussing the factual contrasts between New York and DC in terms of location, population, revenue, and laws. You would then have to talk about the precedents for what makes for a good capital city and why New York fits the bill more than DC does.
Your argument can't simply be that a lot of people think New York is the best city ever and that you agree.
In addition to using concrete evidence, you always want to keep the tone of your essay passionate, but impersonal . Even though you're writing your argument from a single opinion, don't use first person language—"I think," "I feel," "I believe,"—to present your claims. Doing so is repetitive, since by writing the essay you're already telling the audience what you feel, and using first person language weakens your writing voice.
For example,
"I think that Washington DC is no longer suited to be the capital city of the United States."
"Washington DC is no longer suited to be the capital city of the United States."
The second statement sounds far stronger and more analytical.
Even without a counter argument, you can make a pretty persuasive claim, but a counterargument will round out your essay into one that is much more persuasive and substantial.
By anticipating an argument against your claim and taking the initiative to counter it, you're allowing yourself to get ahead of the game. This way, you show that you've given great thought to all sides of the issue before choosing your position, and you demonstrate in multiple ways how yours is the more reasoned and supported side.
This paragraph is where you re-state your argument and summarize why it's the best claim.
Briefly touch on your supporting evidence and voila! A finished argumentative essay.
Your essay should have just as awesome a skeleton as this plesiosaur does. (In other words: a ridiculously awesome skeleton)
It always helps to have an example to learn from. I've written a full 5-paragraph argumentative essay here. Look at how I state my thesis in paragraph 1, give supporting evidence in paragraphs 2 and 3, address a counterargument in paragraph 4, and conclude in paragraph 5.
Topic: Is it possible to maintain conflicting loyalties?
Paragraph 1
It is almost impossible to go through life without encountering a situation where your loyalties to different people or causes come into conflict with each other. Maybe you have a loving relationship with your sister, but she disagrees with your decision to join the army, or you find yourself torn between your cultural beliefs and your scientific ones. These conflicting loyalties can often be maintained for a time, but as examples from both history and psychological theory illustrate, sooner or later, people have to make a choice between competing loyalties, as no one can maintain a conflicting loyalty or belief system forever.
The first two sentences set the scene and give some hypothetical examples and stakes for the reader to care about.
The third sentence finishes off the intro with the thesis statement, making very clear how the author stands on the issue ("people have to make a choice between competing loyalties, as no one can maintain a conflicting loyalty or belief system forever." )
Paragraphs 2 and 3
Psychological theory states that human beings are not equipped to maintain conflicting loyalties indefinitely and that attempting to do so leads to a state called "cognitive dissonance." Cognitive dissonance theory is the psychological idea that people undergo tremendous mental stress or anxiety when holding contradictory beliefs, values, or loyalties (Festinger, 1957). Even if human beings initially hold a conflicting loyalty, they will do their best to find a mental equilibrium by making a choice between those loyalties—stay stalwart to a belief system or change their beliefs. One of the earliest formal examples of cognitive dissonance theory comes from Leon Festinger's When Prophesy Fails . Members of an apocalyptic cult are told that the end of the world will occur on a specific date and that they alone will be spared the Earth's destruction. When that day comes and goes with no apocalypse, the cult members face a cognitive dissonance between what they see and what they've been led to believe (Festinger, 1956). Some choose to believe that the cult's beliefs are still correct, but that the Earth was simply spared from destruction by mercy, while others choose to believe that they were lied to and that the cult was fraudulent all along. Both beliefs cannot be correct at the same time, and so the cult members are forced to make their choice.
But even when conflicting loyalties can lead to potentially physical, rather than just mental, consequences, people will always make a choice to fall on one side or other of a dividing line. Take, for instance, Nicolaus Copernicus, a man born and raised in Catholic Poland (and educated in Catholic Italy). Though the Catholic church dictated specific scientific teachings, Copernicus' loyalty to his own observations and scientific evidence won out over his loyalty to his country's government and belief system. When he published his heliocentric model of the solar system--in opposition to the geocentric model that had been widely accepted for hundreds of years (Hannam, 2011)-- Copernicus was making a choice between his loyalties. In an attempt t o maintain his fealty both to the established system and to what he believed, h e sat on his findings for a number of years (Fantoli, 1994). But, ultimately, Copernicus made the choice to side with his beliefs and observations above all and published his work for the world to see (even though, in doing so, he risked both his reputation and personal freedoms).
These two paragraphs provide the reasons why the author supports the main argument and uses substantiated sources to back those reasons.
The paragraph on cognitive dissonance theory gives both broad supporting evidence and more narrow, detailed supporting evidence to show why the thesis statement is correct not just anecdotally but also scientifically and psychologically. First, we see why people in general have a difficult time accepting conflicting loyalties and desires and then how this applies to individuals through the example of the cult members from the Dr. Festinger's research.
The next paragraph continues to use more detailed examples from history to provide further evidence of why the thesis that people cannot indefinitely maintain conflicting loyalties is true.
Paragraph 4
Some will claim that it is possible to maintain conflicting beliefs or loyalties permanently, but this is often more a matter of people deluding themselves and still making a choice for one side or the other, rather than truly maintaining loyalty to both sides equally. For example, Lancelot du Lac typifies a person who claims to maintain a balanced loyalty between to two parties, but his attempt to do so fails (as all attempts to permanently maintain conflicting loyalties must). Lancelot tells himself and others that he is equally devoted to both King Arthur and his court and to being Queen Guinevere's knight (Malory, 2008). But he can neither be in two places at once to protect both the king and queen, nor can he help but let his romantic feelings for the queen to interfere with his duties to the king and the kingdom. Ultimately, he and Queen Guinevere give into their feelings for one another and Lancelot—though he denies it—chooses his loyalty to her over his loyalty to Arthur. This decision plunges the kingdom into a civil war, ages Lancelot prematurely, and ultimately leads to Camelot's ruin (Raabe, 1987). Though Lancelot claimed to have been loyal to both the king and the queen, this loyalty was ultimately in conflict, and he could not maintain it.
Here we have the acknowledgement of a potential counter-argument and the evidence as to why it isn't true.
The argument is that some people (or literary characters) have asserted that they give equal weight to their conflicting loyalties. The refutation is that, though some may claim to be able to maintain conflicting loyalties, they're either lying to others or deceiving themselves. The paragraph shows why this is true by providing an example of this in action.
Paragraph 5
Whether it be through literature or history, time and time again, people demonstrate the challenges of trying to manage conflicting loyalties and the inevitable consequences of doing so. Though belief systems are malleable and will often change over time, it is not possible to maintain two mutually exclusive loyalties or beliefs at once. In the end, people always make a choice, and loyalty for one party or one side of an issue will always trump loyalty to the other.
The concluding paragraph summarizes the essay, touches on the evidence presented, and re-states the thesis statement.
Writing the best argumentative essay is all about the preparation, so let's talk steps:
If you have the option to pick your own argumentative essay topic (which you most likely will), then choose one or two topics you find the most intriguing or that you have a vested interest in and do some preliminary research on both sides of the debate.
Do an open internet search just to see what the general chatter is on the topic and what the research trends are.
Did your preliminary reading influence you to pick a side or change your side? Without diving into all the scholarly articles at length, do you believe there's enough evidence to support your claim? Have there been scientific studies? Experiments? Does a noted scholar in the field agree with you? If not, you may need to pick another topic or side of the argument to support.
Now's the time to pick the side of the argument you feel you can support the best and summarize your main point into your thesis statement.
Your thesis will be the basis of your entire essay, so make sure you know which side you're on, that you've stated it clearly, and that you stick by your argument throughout the entire essay .
You've taken a gander at what the internet at large has to say on your argument, but now's the time to actually read those sources and take notes.
Check scholarly journals online at Google Scholar , the Directory of Open Access Journals , or JStor . You can also search individual university or school libraries and websites to see what kinds of academic articles you can access for free. Keep track of your important quotes and page numbers and put them somewhere that's easy to find later.
And don't forget to check your school or local libraries as well!
Follow the five-paragraph outline structure from the previous section.
Fill in your topic, your reasons, and your supporting evidence into each of the categories.
Before you begin to flesh out the essay, take a look at what you've got. Is your thesis statement in the first paragraph? Is it clear? Is your argument logical? Does your supporting evidence support your reasoning?
By outlining your essay, you streamline your process and take care of any logic gaps before you dive headfirst into the writing. This will save you a lot of grief later on if you need to change your sources or your structure, so don't get too trigger-happy and skip this step.
Now that you've laid out exactly what you'll need for your essay and where, it's time to fill in all the gaps by writing it out.
Take it one step at a time and expand your ideas into complete sentences and substantiated claims. It may feel daunting to turn an outline into a complete draft, but just remember that you've already laid out all the groundwork; now you're just filling in the gaps.
If you have the time before deadline, give yourself a day or two (or even just an hour!) away from your essay . Looking it over with fresh eyes will allow you to see errors, both minor and major, that you likely would have missed had you tried to edit when it was still raw.
Take a first pass over the entire essay and try your best to ignore any minor spelling or grammar mistakes—you're just looking at the big picture right now. Does it make sense as a whole? Did the essay succeed in making an argument and backing that argument up logically? (Do you feel persuaded?)
If not, go back and make notes so that you can fix it for your final draft.
Once you've made your revisions to the overall structure, mark all your small errors and grammar problems so you can fix them in the next draft.
Use the notes you made on the rough draft and go in and hack and smooth away until you're satisfied with the final result.
A checklist for your final draft:
Once you've brought that final draft to a perfect polish and turned in your assignment, you're done! Go you!
Be prepared and ♪ you'll never go hungry again ♪, *cough*, or struggle with your argumentative essay-writing again. (Walt Disney Studios)
Theory is all well and good, but examples are key. Just to get you started on what a fully-fleshed out argumentative essay looks like, let's see some examples in action.
Check out these two argumentative essay examples on the use of landmines and freons (and note the excellent use of concrete sources to back up their arguments!).
The Use of Landmines
A Shattered Sky
At first, writing an argumentative essay may seem like a monstrous hurdle to overcome, but with the proper preparation and understanding, you'll be able to knock yours out of the park.
Remember the differences between a persuasive essay and an argumentative one, make sure your thesis is clear, and double-check that your supporting evidence is both relevant to your point and well-sourced . Pick your topic, do your research, make your outline, and fill in the gaps. Before you know it, you'll have yourself an A+ argumentative essay there, my friend.
Now you know the ins and outs of an argumentative essay, but how comfortable are you writing in other styles? Learn more about the four writing styles and when it makes sense to use each .
Understand how to make an argument, but still having trouble organizing your thoughts? Check out our guide to three popular essay formats and choose which one is right for you.
Ready to make your case, but not sure what to write about? We've created a list of 50 potential argumentative essay topics to spark your imagination.
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Debating means almost the same as arguing. You have a standpoint on a certain issue and want everybody else to accept it. To have a better understanding of what debates are all about, we advise you to watch some videos of political debates. These are the best examples of how one should argue for a certain point.
However, oral debates between people are certainly different from debating on paper and writing a good debate essay. If this is your next written assignment and you face some difficulties with it, we are ready to provide necessary assistance.
So, if you want to know how to write a debate essay and win the “battle”, follow these simple principles.
👀 choose debate essay topics wisely, 🔎 investigate background of the problem, 🗣️ collect arguments and counterarguments.
A winning debate has several characteristics that you should know and use when writing own debate essay:
Basically, a good debate essay topic is any current issue that is of great interest to public and causes… heated debates. Yet, it does not mean you should pick any burning issue for discussion. It should be something you feel strongly about and will be able to argue for in your debate essay.
It is very important to study the topic of your debate essay thoroughly. What are the causes of the problem? What makes it so important to people? Why does this issue call opposing views?
Needless to say, you have to study as many materials devoted to the problem as you can and collect your arguments. However, you should also take into account all the counterarguments so that to refute them later in your debate essay.
If you lack ideas for your debate essay, read our articles about an essay on Affirmative Action and essay on animal experimentation.
Debate Writing
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Have you ever found yourself at a loss for words when it comes to articulating your thoughts in a debate?
The inability to formulate your thoughts in a debate can be a significant obstacle, hindering your ability to express yourself effectively. But don’t worry!
If you’re someone who’s wandering around trying to find the secrets to craft an outstanding debate speech, we’ve got your back.
In this blog, we’ll introduce you to debate writing, types, format, some tips, and debate examples, so you can understand how to pen down the perfect debate.
Let’s get going!
A debate is a formal contest of argumentation where two opposing teams defend and attack a given resolution. Similarly, it is also a persuasive manner of speaking to convert one’s opinion into your viewpoint.
Here, the speaker either speaks for or against a particular topic being discussed. Moreover, it is the process of preparing and writing the debate before its formal presentation.
The following are the main features of debate writing.
The following is a detailed description of common debating types that are practiced on various occasions.
If you want to learn more about the different debating types, head to over comprehensive blog on types of debates.
The debate writing for middle or high school follows the same format structure. Here, we have mentioned a detailed format for you to get an idea of the parts of a debate.
It includes opening sentences with three key arguments and clarifying questions. Pro Team - 5 minutes
In this section, the debaters repeat and analyze the opponent’s arguments and position.
Here, the debaters will summarize their positions after detailed arguments with the opposing team. Similarly, it also allows them to explain why their opinion is best. Pro Team - 3 minutes After a detailed discussion, each team must answer the questions in a 20-minute-long session. |
Check out the given debate writing template to get help with structuring your debate.
Debate Writing Template
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When starting the debate writing process, the question “ How to write a debate introduction?… ” could come off as a daunting one, but don’t worry.
Here are some easy steps for you to write a compelling debate introduction.
1. Impressive greeting and strong opening sentence:
Greet your audience with enthusiasm, capturing their attention with a compelling opening statement that sets the tone for your debate.
2. Tell a personal story:
Connect emotionally by sharing a relevant personal anecdote that humanizes the topic, making it relatable and engaging.
3. State an amazing Fact:
Introduce a surprising or impressive fact related to your debate topic to pique interest and establish credibility.
4. Use a powerful quotation:
Incorporate a thought-provoking quote that aligns with your argument, adding depth and authority to your speech.
5. Ask a rhetorical question:
Pose a rhetorical question to stimulate critical thinking among your audience, encouraging them to ponder the issue at hand.
6. State a problem:
Clearly articulate the problem or challenge associated with your debate topic, highlighting its significance and relevance.
7. Share your opinion about the topic:
Express your stance on the matter, providing a concise preview of your argument and setting the stage for the forthcoming points in your debate speech.
Following are the steps you can stick to for writing a debate speech that lets you stand out from the competition:
The first of many steps in debate writing is understanding its nature. Here, both teams will be given a topic, and they will choose an affirmative or negative stance.
Brainstorm and research the topic thoroughly to understand all the aspects of the debate. Make a list of critical points and use credible sources to cover them in your key arguments.
Develop a basic debate speech outline that consists of three main sections. It includes an introduction, body, and conclusion that are discussed below in detail.
It is the first section of the outline that includes an attention grabber. Introduce your topic and present the context with the help of a thesis statement . Also, provide a brief overview of the students’ arguments to understand the direction of the debate.
It is the main section of the debate that discusses the key arguments in detail. Moreover, it further includes logical reasoning and evidence to support the thesis.
The conclusion is the last chance to demonstrate significant ideas. It summarizes the main body by adding emotion and drama to the words and includes a strong closing sentence.
Start writing the final draft of your debate. Mention the crucial elements of persuasion, which are ethos, pathos, and logos. These are used to explain the effects of the resolution in the real world.
Also, use transition words to maintain a logical flow between paragraphs. Lastly, edit and proofread your work to avoid plagiarism, grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.
Here is a great example of a well-written debate introduction:
If you’re thinking, “ How to write a debate greeting? ”, take a thorough look at the detailed steps below:
Here's an of a debate greeting following the steps above:
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If you have the question, “ How to write a debate against the motion? ” in mind, look at this step-by-step procedure below:
13. Practice and Delivery: |
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End the debate by making sure that you have included the following elements. It will help you assess the credibility of your debate.
Here are some amazing debate tips and tricks for you to write a perfect debate:
Below are some easy debating techniques to write a primary and high school debate.
Check out the following examples of debate writing to get a better idea of the concept.
Debate Example for Ks2
Debate Writing Class 6
Debate Writing Class 7
Debate Writing Class 8
Debate Writing Class 9
Debate Writing Class 11 PDF
Debate Writing Class 12
Debate Writing Example on Online Classes
If you want inspiration from more examples on various debate topics, visit our comprehensive debate examples blog!
The following are some impressive debate writing prompts for students to get started.
Head over to our list of debate topics to choose from a wide range of unique debate writing ideas.
To sum it up, This comprehensive guide to debate writing will help you write a perfect one for your high school or college. We’ve covered all the essential details one would need to craft a winning debate.
However, if you think that you could use a helping hand to perfect your debate writing game, we’ve got you covered.
You can get help from our speech writing service to solve your debate writing worries. Our writing experts will deliver you comprehensive and well-composed debates at rates that won’t break the bank.
Simply place your " write my essay for me " request and we’ll take care of all your writing-related problems.
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Cathy has been been working as an author on our platform for over five years now. She has a Masters degree in mass communication and is well-versed in the art of writing. Cathy is a professional who takes her work seriously and is widely appreciated by clients for her excellent writing skills.
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Illustration by Catherine Song. ThoughtCo.
An argumentative essay requires you to decide on a topic and argue for or against it. You'll need to back up your viewpoint with well-researched facts and information as well. One of the hardest parts is deciding which topic to write about, but there are plenty of ideas available to get you started. Then you need to take a position, do some research, and present your viewpoint convincingly.
Students often find that most of their work on these essays is done before they even start writing. This means that it's best if you have a general interest in your subject. Otherwise, you might get bored or frustrated while trying to gather information. You don't need to know everything, though; part of what makes this experience rewarding is learning something new.
It's best if you have a general interest in your subject, but the argument you choose doesn't have to be one that you agree with.
The subject you choose may not necessarily be one you are in full agreement with, either. You may even be asked to write a paper from the opposing point of view. Researching a different viewpoint helps students broaden their perspectives.
Sometimes, the best ideas are sparked by looking at many different options. Explore this list of possible topics and see if a few pique your interest. Write those down as you come across them, then think about each for a few minutes.
Which would you enjoy researching? Do you have a firm position on a particular subject? Is there a point you would like to make sure you get across? Did the topic give you something new to think about? Can you see why someone else may feel differently?
A number of these topics are rather controversial—that's the point. In an argumentative essay , opinions matter, and controversy is based on opinions. Just make sure your opinions are backed up by facts in the essay. If these topics are a little too controversial or you don't find the right one for you, try browsing through persuasive essay and speech topics as well.
After you've decided on your essay topic, gather evidence to make your argument as strong as possible. Your research could even help shape the position your essay ultimately takes. As you craft your essay, remember to utilize persuasive writing techniques , such as invoking emotional language or citing facts from authoritative figures.
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Summary: Argumentative Essay Sample. Argumentative essays are persuasive essays that use facts and evidence to support their side of the argument. Most argumentative essays follow either the Toulmin model or the Rogerian model. By reading good argumentative essay examples, you can learn how to develop your essay and provide enough support to ...
The models for writing an argumentative essay are the classical model, the Rogerian model, and the Toulmin model. To make sure that you write a good argumentative essay, read the different types of examples mentioned in this blog. 1. Good Argumentative Essay Examples.
But worry no more! In this blog, we have curated over 20 captivating debate examples that will fuel your intellectual curiosity and stimulate meaningful conversations. Whether you're a student, debater, or simply someone interested in the art of persuasion, this blog is for you. Let's get started! On This Page. 1. Debate Examples for Students. 2.
Make a claim. Provide the grounds (evidence) for the claim. Explain the warrant (how the grounds support the claim) Discuss possible rebuttals to the claim, identifying the limits of the argument and showing that you have considered alternative perspectives. The Toulmin model is a common approach in academic essays.
Introduction Example. Now let's move on to those argumentative essay examples, and examine in particular a couple of introductions. The first takes on a common argumentative essay topic —capital punishment. The death penalty has long been a divisive issue in the United States. 24 states allow the death penalty, while the other 26 have ...
Learn the structure, tips and key words for writing a persuasive debate essay on a controversial topic. Find out how to research, argue and refute both sides of the issue with credible sources and evidence.
An argumentative essay is a type of writing that presents a coherent and logical analysis of a specific topic. 1 The goal is to convince the reader to accept the writer's point of view or opinion on a particular issue. Here are the key elements of an argumentative essay: Thesis Statement: The central claim or argument that the essay aims to ...
Argumentative essay formula & example. In the image below, you can see a recommended structure for argumentative essays. It starts with the topic sentence, which establishes the main idea of the essay. Next, this hypothesis is developed in the development stage. Then, the rebuttal, or the refutal of the main counter argument or arguments.
When you're writing a persuasive essay, you need more than just an opinion to make your voice heard. Even the strongest stance won't be compelling if it's not structured properly and reinforced with solid reasoning and evidence. Learn what elements every argumentative essay should include and how to structure it depending on your audience in this easy step-by-step guide.
3 Drafting: Write a rough draft of your essay. It helps to include any data and direct quotes as early as possible, especially with argumentative essays that often cite outside sources. 4 Revising: Polish your rough draft, optimize word choice, and restructure your arguments if necessary. Make sure your language is clear and appropriate for the ...
4. Use strong evidence: Support your argument with solid evidence, including facts, statistics, expert testimony, and examples. Be sure to use citations to give credit to the original sources of information. 5. Address counterarguments: Acknowledge opposing viewpoints and refute them with strong evidence and reasoning.
Coming up with an essay topic can be the hardest part of the process. You have very likely encountered argumentative essay writing in high school and have been asked to write your own. If you're having trouble finding a topic, we've created a list of 52 essay ideas to help jumpstart your brainstorming process!
An argumentative essay is a type of research paper that requires you to investigate a given topic or theme, among other things. We guide you through writing one with examples.
Need to write an argumentative essay? Preparing for an upcoming debate? ProCon.org has over 100 topics complete with pro and con arguments, quotes and statistics from experts, historical information, and other pertinent research. Abortion - Should abortion be legal? Alternative Energy - Can alternative energy effectively replace fossil fuels?
Basics of Argumentative Essay. An argumentative essay is a genre of academic essay writing where the author presents a claim or stance on a particular issue and supports it with evidence, reasoning, and analysis. The purpose of this type of essay is to persuade the reader to agree with the author's viewpoint through logical argumentation.. While the standard five-paragraph format is commonly ...
It focuses on the six elements that make up a good argument: claim (thesis), grounds (data and reasons), warrants, backings, qualifiers, and rebuttals. The argumentative essay outline example below shows the recommended order in which to put these elements: I. Introduction. A. Open with a hook, if you can, to garner interest
Choose evidence that is logical, well-reasoned, and directly relevant to your argument. Avoid using biased or unreliable sources that may weaken your position. In conclusion, research and gathering supporting evidence is a critical step in writing a debate essay. Thorough research and careful evaluation of sources will strengthen your argument ...
Learn how to write an argumentative essay with facts and evidence by looking at three college-level samples. See how to structure your essay using the Toulmin or Rogerian model and avoid common pitfalls.
Argument Essay Examples for College. When crafting college-level essays, it's advisable to employ straightforward language, steering clear of unnecessary complexity. The key lies in presenting a compelling argument essay that combines simplicity with robust evidence to bolster your claims. To enhance your writing skills, take a moment to ...
An argumentative essay attempts to convince a reader to agree with a particular argument (the writer's thesis statement). The writer takes a firm stand one way or another on a topic and then uses hard evidence to support that stance. An argumentative essay seeks to prove to the reader that one argument —the writer's argument— is the ...
paper for 12.01 10.21/page Learn More. So, if you want to know how to write a debate essay and win the "battle", follow these simple principles. Table of Contents. ⭐ Know the features of a good debate. 👀 Choose debate essay topics wisely. 🔎 Investigate background of the problem. 🗣️ Collect arguments and counterarguments.
1. Understand the Debate. The first of many steps in debate writing is understanding its nature. Here, both teams will be given a topic, and they will choose an affirmative or negative stance. 2. Research the Topic Thoroughly. Brainstorm and research the topic thoroughly to understand all the aspects of the debate.
50 Argumentative Essay Topics. Illustration by Catherine Song. ThoughtCo. An argumentative essay requires you to decide on a topic and argue for or against it. You'll need to back up your viewpoint with well-researched facts and information as well. One of the hardest parts is deciding which topic to write about, but there are plenty of ideas ...