to what extent essay conclusion

How to answer a “to what degree/extent” essay question

One of the most popular question types to appear on History assessment tasks is one that starts with the phrase, “To what extent/degree...”.

Despite the fact that it appears so frequently, particularly on exam papers , some teachers and students are not sure how to correctly write a response to it.

Thankfully, "to what degree/extent" questions are relatively easy to understand and to write a sophisticated response to, as long as you know what they are specifically asking you to do.

In this blog post, I will explain what such questions are asking you to do and give you some practical tips on how to write an essay response to a “To what extent/degree” question so that you feel confident in your assessment pieces.

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Understanding the question

First of all, it is crucial to understand the purpose of the word “degree” or “extent” in this kind of question. Regardless of which of the two words are used, they mean exactly the same thing: they are asking you to assign a degree of importance to how influential or important a particular factor is regarding the topic at hand.

A useful way of conceptualising the degree of importance , is to think of a simple scale that you could measure it against:

Most of the time, a "to what degree/extent” question is ultimately asking you to decide a single factor’s importance in comparison to another, potentially equally important factor. In other words, you need to argue which of two things is the most important.

Therefore, you will say that one of the two factors was “ to a greater degree ” important, while the other is “ to a lesser extent ” important.

It is rare that this kind of question will require you to say that only one factor was the only important element in regards to a topic. Any event in history is a complex combination of multiple factors, and it is too simplistic to assign only one factor to any topic.

That is why this kind of question is so popular with essays about historical causation , consequences or significance in History exams. These topics acknowledge that there are multiple factors which contributed to a historical event or idea. 

Example essay questions

Sometimes, the question itself will provide you with the two elements that it wants you to compare. For example:

“To what degree was political ideology more important in Hitler’s rise to power than the economic conditions in Germany in the early 1930s?” 

As you can see in this “to what degree” question, it is asking you to decide whether “political ideology” was “more important” than “the economic conditions in Germany in the early 1930s”. Therefore, in your answer to this question, you need to clearly state which you think was “more important”.

Here is another example: 

“To what extent did the Black Death in 14th century Europe decrease the papacy’s cultural influence in comparison to the political scandals within the curia?” 

Once more, it is easy to identify what you are being asked to decide between: whether “the Black Death in 14th century Europe” or “the political scandals within the curia” was more important in causing the decline of “the papacy’s cultural influence”.

However, sometimes an essay question will only give you one factor, in which case you will need to choose the second factor to compare it against.

For example 

“To what degree was Julius Caesar’s assassination the result of his own hubris?” 

In this example, the question only gives you “his own hubris” as one important element. Therefore, you will need to decide, based upon your own historical knowledge and the sources supplied, something else to compare it against.

It is still important, though, that you still come to a conclusion about which of the two elements was the most important.

How to structure your answer to the question (the hypothesis)

Once you have identified the two elements you are going to compare in your answer, you need to decide which of the two you are going to assign most importance to.

When you write your answer to the essay question (which will become your hypothesis ), you have to ensure that you clearly state which of the two options you have decided is the most important. You can use the following cues to identify the greater and lesser factors:

“[Factor 1] was, to a greater degree , more important in [the Topic] than [Factor 2] because...” 

“[Factor 1] was the main cause of [the Topic] despite the role of [Factor 2] because...” 

“While [Factor 2] did play a role in [the Topic], [Factor 1] was by far the most significant element because...”

As you can see in these example structures, you need to:

• clearly state the two topics you’re comparing
• mention the topic to which they relate
• have a clear decision about which of the two factors are most important to the topic

Also, don't forget to provide clear reasons for your decision after the “because” in your hypothesis.

How to structure your essay

 Once you have decided which of the two factors was the most important and which was the least important, then you can start planning your essay paragraphs .

Since essays typically require you to follow the standard five-paragraph structure ( introduction paragraph , three body paragraphs , and a conclusion paragraph ), you know that you will have three body paragraphs available for arguing your decision.

• In two out of your three body paragraphs, provide two separate reasons for why one factor was the most important  
• In the third of your body paragraphs, talk about the lesser contributing factor  

This helps us to use a simple structure to respond to a “to what degree/extent” essay question:

Here is a visual representation of the structure to help you:

By dividing your three body paragraphs in this way, you devote two-thirds of your essay to the most important of the two factors, and then one-third to the lesser of the two factors.

At the start of each body paragraph, then, you need a clear topic sentence that provides a reason why this factor was important. Ensure that you have two separate reasons to support the factor you’ve chosen as the most important, and one for the lesser of the two factors.

For example: 

Topic sentence for body paragraph 1: 

“[Factor 1] was the most important element in [the Topic] because...” 

Topic sentence for body paragraph 2: 

“Another reason that [Factor 1] was the most important element in [the Topic] is because...” 

Topic sentence for body paragraph 3:  

“To a lesser degree, [Factor 2] was important to [the Topic] because...”

Some rare exceptions

The advice provided above will serve you well in replying to almost all “to what degree/extent” essay questions. However, here are some rare exceptions which you might need to watch out for, along with some quick advice for how to deal with them.

Some questions may ask you to compare three separate factors. On these occasions, the question is probably guiding you to argue that all three factors were of equal importance. Typically, you can assign each factor to a body paragraph and provide one reason why each element was a contributing factor.

Some questions may ask you to only assign a degree of importance to only one factor, without expecting you to provide a second alternative. In short, if this happens, it is probably a poorly written question.

Essay questions that require the analysis and explanation of only one factor should probably be a “how” or “why” question, rather than a “to what degree/extent” question. Firstly, check with your teacher about if they really do only want one factor considered and ask how they intend for you to answer the question.

Additional resources

For additional resources on how to write all the elements in a History essay, please check out the following scaffolding guide , which has examples of full paragraphs to help you out. 

For advice on other kinds of exam questions, read over the exam question advice section .

Write a comment

Kim Brett ( Tuesday, 01 September 2020 23:32 )

As always, you've got your finger on the pulse, Michael. My students at Our Lady's College Annerley really appreciate your posts. Best wishes

History Skills ( Wednesday, 02 September 2020 02:13 )

My absolute pleasure, Kim. So good to hear that your students are finding the information helpful. Please say 'hello' to them for me and tell them I wish them all the best for their upcoming assessment.

Jeffery ( Friday, 18 December 2020 16:41 )

Hello, I am unsure how to formulate a thesis to this question, can you help me. "To what extent were the American colonists justified in revolting against England?"

Mutsawashe (Tuesday 15 June) ( Tuesday, 15 June 2021 15:29 )

please help me answer this question,"how far did the Germans benefit from the social policy ".My answer should start with ,the Germans benefited from the social policy to a lesser extent. So what comes next.

sharon odawa ( Thursday, 02 September 2021 01:12 )

my question is."to what extent does common and equity law a source of kenya"please help

maddison ( Sunday, 07 November 2021 03:06 )

this has literally saved me so much time on my assessments.

Karina Doherty ( Wednesday, 10 November 2021 17:26 )

It is possible to ask a well written 'to what extent' question that does not require a comparison, but only asks students to provide a judgement about a degree of success. There will naturally be a discussion about factors that limited the success or impact of a particular event or policy, but this is not really a comparison. The question could still be a perfectly valid and well-written.

Christina ( Monday, 13 June 2022 02:19 )

Great advice! Would be great if you correct the reference to a hypothesis. The correct word hers is "thesis".

Queenest ( Wednesday, 12 October 2022 17:41 )

Thank God I came across this article. It has been a blessing to me. Thank you so much

Ishmael ogechi ( Wednesday, 28 June 2023 10:59 )

Can an extent be used in questionnaire construction to elicit responds from respondents? Please may I know the firs scholar that used this term or introduced it in research work and when? Thank you.

Joy ( Wednesday, 18 October 2023 08:32 )

Can a ''to what extent'' question be used for the prevalence of the disease in two different parts of the world?

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To "What Extent" Essay Writing

In the realm of academic writing, 'To What Extent' essays pose a unique challenge, requiring a sophisticated examination of diverse perspectives and evidence. Whether addressing IELTS prompts or academic assignments, mastering this writing format is essential for developing comprehensive arguments that thoroughly explore the intricacies of different subjects.

Notably, in the IELTS exam, discussion questions are a common task that often determines a substantial portion of the writing score. Test-takers must critically evaluate multiple viewpoints and construct well-reasoned conclusions. Let’s explore the nuances of crafting effective " To What Degree" papers, the outlined structure, and essay plan examples.

What is a "To What Extent" Essay?

A "To What Degree" writing prompt requires the writer to assess the degree to which a given claim is true. It entails a balanced evaluation, supported by critical analysis, data, and evidence, to determine the extent of agreement or disagreement. These academic tasks often require students to engage critically with a topic’s nuances, demonstrating their ability to evaluate information and articulate reasoned judgments.

Puzzled about how to write your discussion essay? Discover how our AI essay generator can streamline your writing process, from generating ideas to refining grammar and suggesting citations.

To What Extent Essay Structure Explained

Knowing the intricacies of a discussion essay structure is pivotal for effectively presenting robust arguments and insightful analysis. A well-crafted 'To What Extent' prompt generally comprises:

• Introduction : Restate the ‘do you agree’ question to demonstrate synonym usage, introduce your main claim succinctly, and outline your approach clearly.
• Main Body : Construct your key arguments in two distinct paragraphs. Commence each section with a concise topic sentence. Provide comprehensive explanations and substantiate your key points with essay plan examples.
• In the first body part, briefly state your viewpoint and support it with an example that reinforces your central argument.
• In the second one, repeat the format to explore another aspect of the central idea, backing it up with an appropriate example.
• Counterarguments : Acknowledge other viewpoints that differ in a dedicated section. Refute the opposing points with coherent arguments and indications to reinforce your thesis.
• Conclusion : Recap your main idea, encapsulate findings and key points without introducing new concepts, and offer a concluding insight that emphasizes the relevance and depth of your evaluation.

Overall, understanding the "To What Extent" essay structure – with its clear introduction, well-developed body paragraphs, balanced counterarguments, and comprehensive conclusion – enables writers to effectively explore complex topics and present nuanced arguments.

Examples of Common "To What Extent" Topics

Writing "To What Degree" prompts in IELTS involves evaluating different perspectives on a selected topic and making a judgment about the extent to which a statement or idea is true. See some examples of common discussion paper topics:

• To What Extent Has Technology Improved Education?
• To What Degree Does Globalization Affect Cultural Identity?
• To What Extent Has Climate Change Impacted Global Agriculture?
• To What Degree Does Economic Inequality Influence Social Mobility?

To answer such questions, start with articulating a clear stance indicating the degree to which you believe the statement is true, followed by balanced arguments supporting both sides. Use relevant evidence in body sections to support your core points, and end the paper by reaffirming your central point and underlining your key arguments.

Here's how to discuss in an essay focused on discourse and approach these formats effectively:

To What Extent Has Social Media Affected Mental Health Among Teenagers?

Evaluate both the positive and negative impacts of social networks on teenagers' psychological well-being.

Explanation: When evaluating social media’s impact on youth, consider both its positive role in connectivity and its negative influence on their mental health.

• Intro:  Paraphrase the question and introduce your thesis, indicating the extent of social media's influence.
• Body Paragraphs:  Examine both perspectives with convincing evidence.
• Positive Impacts:  Highlight connections and platforms for self-expression.
• Example:  Social networks offer support and a sense of community.
• Negative Impacts:  Discuss increased cyberbullying and psychological well-being issues like anxiety and depression.
• Example:  This leads to cyberbullying, comparison culture, and reduced face-to-face interactions.
• Evidence and Analysis:  Support with expert views, relevant data, and studies.
• Counterarguments:  Acknowledge differing viewpoints and discuss the limitations of studies.
• Conclusion:  Summarize central points, paraphrase your stance, and suggest further research or a call to action.

When learning how to answer 'To What Extent' questions, remember to balance your discussion, provide relevant examples, and maintain a coherent structure throughout your writing. This method ensures a comprehensive examination of the subject, ultimately leading to a well-rounded argument that effectively addresses the given assignment.

Expressions to Use in an Essay

In writing prompts assessing 'To What Degree,' the language used plays a paramount role in conveying nuanced agreement or disagreement with a given concept. Rather than merely stating agreement or disagreement with a viewpoint, employ directive language to guide readers toward your viewpoint, bolstered by statistics, explanations, or direct quotations.

• For example, crafting a persuasive topic sentence such as "Based on recent studies showing how A negatively impacts B, I argue that current discussions overlook crucial factors…" ensures clarity and conviction.
• Using expressions like "to a significant degree" or "to a limited extent" requires substantiation with concrete evidence or illustrative examples. Similarly, expressing slight agreement ("to a minor extent") demands credible sources or logical analysis. 

Linking your points to robust evidence and adopting an academic style enhances persuasiveness and coherence in your writing. To effectively navigate 'To What Extent' writing, employing precise language is essential:

• Consequently : Indicates logical consequences or outcomes.
• Furthermore: Adds additional supporting evidence or points.
• Nevertheless: Introduces a contrasting viewpoint or concession.
• Moreover: Emphasizes additional supporting points.
• However: Introduces a contrasting perspective or limitation.
• Additionally: Adds further supporting evidence or arguments.
• Therefore: Indicates a rational conclusion or consequence.

In essence, mastering the art of employing precise language in discussion essays is crucial for effectively conveying nuanced perspectives and substantiating arguments with clarity and conviction.

Start by Choosing Your Stance

Navigating a 'To What Extent' prompt requires a systematic approach to effectively analyze complex assertions. These papers demand a comprehensive investigation of viewpoints and evidence to construct well-rounded arguments. 

Such a task involves strategic steps:

• Identify the Assertion: Begin by clearly defining the specific and contentious statement you are gauging.
• Assess Supporting Evidence: Collect pertinent data and expert views to bolster your stance.
• Develop Your Thesis: Present a straightforward main concept that outlines your standpoint and the extent of your analysis.
• Consider Counterarguments: Take into account and rebut opposing perspectives to enhance the trustworthiness of your viewpoint.
• Provide Comprehensive Analysis: Offer a nuanced evaluation of the claim by examining multiple facets and views.

In brief, perfecting the 'To What Extent' essay structure involves navigating diverse perspectives and evidence by addressing the assertion, evaluating data, and considering counterarguments for a balanced analysis."

To recap, understanding the intricacies of 'To What Degree' essays involves acknowledging the contextual relevance of the evidence and upholding a balanced perspective. Integrating real-world examples and current research enhances the effectiveness, significance, and credibility of your point of view. This showcases a thorough comprehension of the subject and its practical implications.

Mastering discussion prompts requires meticulous planning, analytical depth, and effective use of language. By employing a structured approach and insightful analysis, you can navigate these tasks with confidence, fostering critical thinking and effective essay-writing skills crucial for success in academics and beyond.

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In a short paper—even a research paper—you don’t need to provide an exhaustive summary as part of your conclusion. But you do need to make some kind of transition between your final body paragraph and your concluding paragraph. This may come in the form of a few sentences of summary. Or it may come in the form of a sentence that brings your readers back to your thesis or main idea and reminds your readers where you began and how far you have traveled.

So, for example, in a paper about the relationship between ADHD and rejection sensitivity, Vanessa Roser begins by introducing readers to the fact that researchers have studied the relationship between the two conditions and then provides her explanation of that relationship. Here’s her thesis: “While socialization may indeed be an important factor in RS, I argue that individuals with ADHD may also possess a neurological predisposition to RS that is exacerbated by the differing executive and emotional regulation characteristic of ADHD.”

In her final paragraph, Roser reminds us of where she started by echoing her thesis: “This literature demonstrates that, as with many other conditions, ADHD and RS share a delicately intertwined pattern of neurological similarities that is rooted in the innate biology of an individual’s mind, a connection that cannot be explained in full by the behavioral mediation hypothesis.”  

Highlight the “so what”  

At the beginning of your paper, you explain to your readers what’s at stake—why they should care about the argument you’re making. In your conclusion, you can bring readers back to those stakes by reminding them why your argument is important in the first place. You can also draft a few sentences that put those stakes into a new or broader context.

In the conclusion to her paper about ADHD and RS, Roser echoes the stakes she established in her introduction—that research into connections between ADHD and RS has led to contradictory results, raising questions about the “behavioral mediation hypothesis.”

She writes, “as with many other conditions, ADHD and RS share a delicately intertwined pattern of neurological similarities that is rooted in the innate biology of an individual’s mind, a connection that cannot be explained in full by the behavioral mediation hypothesis.”  

Leave your readers with the “now what”  

After the “what” and the “so what,” you should leave your reader with some final thoughts. If you have written a strong introduction, your readers will know why you have been arguing what you have been arguing—and why they should care. And if you’ve made a good case for your thesis, then your readers should be in a position to see things in a new way, understand new questions, or be ready for something that they weren’t ready for before they read your paper.

In her conclusion, Roser offers two “now what” statements. First, she explains that it is important to recognize that the flawed behavioral mediation hypothesis “seems to place a degree of fault on the individual. It implies that individuals with ADHD must have elicited such frequent or intense rejection by virtue of their inadequate social skills, erasing the possibility that they may simply possess a natural sensitivity to emotion.” She then highlights the broader implications for treatment of people with ADHD, noting that recognizing the actual connection between rejection sensitivity and ADHD “has profound implications for understanding how individuals with ADHD might best be treated in educational settings, by counselors, family, peers, or even society as a whole.”

To find your own “now what” for your essay’s conclusion, try asking yourself these questions:

• What can my readers now understand, see in a new light, or grapple with that they would not have understood in the same way before reading my paper? Are we a step closer to understanding a larger phenomenon or to understanding why what was at stake is so important?  
• What questions can I now raise that would not have made sense at the beginning of my paper? Questions for further research? Other ways that this topic could be approached?  
• Are there other applications for my research? Could my questions be asked about different data in a different context? Could I use my methods to answer a different question?  
• What action should be taken in light of this argument? What action do I predict will be taken or could lead to a solution?  
• What larger context might my argument be a part of?  

What to avoid in your conclusion  

• a complete restatement of all that you have said in your paper.  
• a substantial counterargument that you do not have space to refute; you should introduce counterarguments before your conclusion.  
• an apology for what you have not said. If you need to explain the scope of your paper, you should do this sooner—but don’t apologize for what you have not discussed in your paper.  
• fake transitions like “in conclusion” that are followed by sentences that aren’t actually conclusions. (“In conclusion, I have now demonstrated that my thesis is correct.”)
• picture_as_pdf Conclusions

Extended Essay Guide: The Conclusion

• Purpose of Guide
• Writing Your Research Question
• Finding Resources
• Research Plan Ouline
• Drafting Your Paper
• The Introduction
• The Conclusion
• Citations/Bibliography
• Proofreading Your Paper
• IB Assessment Criteria/Subject Specific Guides/Exemplars/Etc

Extended Essay Conclusion

A conclusion is not merely a summary of the main topics covered or a re-statement of your research question, but a synthesis of key points and, if applicable, where you recommend new areas for future research. For most essays, one well-developed paragraph is sufficient for a conclusion, although in some cases, a two or three paragraph conclusion may be required.

• A Brief Guide to Writing an EE Conclusion

Checklist for the Conclusion

Another writing tip.

New Insight, Not New Information!

Don't surprise the reader with n ew information in your conclusion that was never referenced anywhere else in the paper. If you have new information to present, add it to the discussion or other appropriate section of the paper. Note that, although no actual new information is introduced, the conclusion is where you offer your most "original" contributions in the paper; it's where you describe the value of your research, demonstrate that you understand the material that you’ve presented, and l ocate your findings within the larger context of scholarship on the topic, including describing how your research contributes new insights or value to that scholarship.

Conclusions . The Writing Center. University of North Carolina.

Twelve Steps to Writing an Effective Conclusion . 

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