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Poverty eradication

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The 2030 Agenda acknowledges that eradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions, including extreme poverty, is the greatest global challenge and an indispensable requirement for sustainable development.

The first Sustainable Development Goal aims to “End poverty in all its forms everywhere”. Its seven associated targets aims, among others, to eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere, reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty, and implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, including floors, and by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the vulnerable

As recalled by the foreword of the 2015 Millennium Development Goals Report, at the Millennium Summit in September 2000, 189 countries unanimously adopted the Millennium Declaration, pledging to “spare no effort to free our fellow men, women and children from the abject and dehumanizing conditions of extreme poverty”. This commitment was translated into an inspiring framework of eight goals and, then, into wide-ranging practical steps that have enabled people across the world to improve their lives and their future prospects. The MDGs helped to lift more than one billion people out of extreme poverty, to make inroads against hunger, to enable more girls to attend school than ever before and to protect our planet.

Nevertheless, in spite of all the remarkable gains, inequalities have persisted and progress has been uneven. Therefore, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its set of Sustainable Development Goals have been committed, as stated in the Declaration of the Agenda, “to build upon the achievements of the Millennium Development Goals and seek to address their unfinished business”.

The theme of the 2017 High-Level Political Forum was "Eradicating poverty and promoting prosperity in a changing worl” ", and it included SDG 1 as one of the focus SDGs

From Agenda 21 to Future We Want In "The Future We Want", the outcome document of Rio+20, Member States emphasized the need to accord the highest priority to poverty eradication within the United Nations development agenda, addressing the root causes and challenges of poverty through integrated, coordinated and coherent strategies at all level.

In the context of the multi-year programme of work adopted by the Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) after the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD), poverty eradication appears as an "overriding issue" on the agenda of the CSD each year.

Poverty eradication is addressed in Chapter II of the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation (2002), which stressed that eradicating poverty is the greatest global challenge facing the world today and an indispensable requirement for sustainable development, particularly for developing countries.

Priority actions on poverty eradication include:

• improving access to sustainable livelihoods, entrepreneurial opportunities and productive resources;
• providing universal access to basic social services;
• progressively developing social protection systems to support those who cannot support themselves;
• empowering people living in poverty and their organizations;
• addressing the disproportionate impact of poverty on women;
• working with interested donors and recipients to allocate increased shares of ODA to poverty eradication; and
• intensifying international cooperation for poverty eradication.

The General Assembly, in its 1997 Programme for the Further Implementation of Agenda 21 (paragraph 27) decided that poverty eradication should be an overriding theme of sustainable development for the coming years. It is one of the fundamental goals of the international community and of the entire United Nations system.

"Combating poverty" is the topic of Chapter 3 of Agenda 21. It is also in commitment 2 of the Copenhagen Declaration on Social Development.

Agenda 21 emphasized that poverty is a complex multidimensional problem with origins in both the national and international domains. No uniform solution can be found for global application. Rather, country-specific programmes to tackle poverty and international efforts supporting national efforts, as well as the parallel process of creating a supportive international environment, are crucial for a solution to this problem.

The years following the 1992 Rio Conference have witnessed an increase in the number of people living in absolute poverty, particularly in developing countries. The enormity and complexity of the poverty issue could endanger the social fabric, undermine economic development and the environment, and threaten political stability in many countries.

For more information and documents on this topic,  please visit this link

Sustainable Development Outlook 2020

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Vietnam: Implementation of Sustainable Development: National Report at the UN Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20)

Vietnam has taken part in the Earth Summit on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1992, the World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg, South Africa in 2002, signed the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, the Global Agenda 21, etc. and committed to imple...

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Expert Group Meeting on SDG 1 and its interlinkages with other SDGs

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International Day for the Eradication of Poverty 2015

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• January 2015 SDG 1 Goal 1 aims to "End poverty in all its forms everywhere" and its targets aim to: 1.1 By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere, currently measured as people living on less than $1.25 a day 1.2 By 2030, reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions 1.3 Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, including floors, and by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the vulnerable 1.4 By 2030, ensure that all men and women, in particular the poor and the vulnerable, have equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to basic services, ownership and control over land and other forms of property, inheritance, natural resources, appropriate new technology and financial services, including microfinance 1.5 By 2030, build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations and reduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme events and other economic, social and environmental shocks and disasters 1.a Ensure significant mobilization of resources from a variety of sources, including through enhanced development cooperation, in order to provide adequate and predictable means for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, to implement programmes and policies to end poverty in all its dimensions 1.b Create sound policy frameworks at the national, regional and international levels, based on pro-poor and gender-sensitive development strategies, to support accelerated investment in poverty eradication action
• January 2012 Future We Want (Para 105- 107) Future We Want recognizes that, while there has been progress in reducing poverty in some regions, this progress has been uneven and the number of people living in poverty in some countries continues to increase, with women and children constituting the majority of the most affected groups, especially in the least developed countries and particularly in Africa. Sustained, inclusive and equitable economic growth in developing countries is identified as a key requirement for eradicating poverty and hunger and achieving the Millennium Development Goals. Therefore, Future We Want highlights the importance to complement national efforts of developing countries by an enabling environment aimed at expanding the development opportunities of developing countries. In paragraph 107, Member States recognize the important contribution that promoting universal access to social services can make to consolidating and achieving development gains. Social protection systems that address and reduce inequality and social exclusion are essential for eradicating poverty and advancing the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals.
• January 2008 2nd UN Decade for Eradication of Poverty The General Assembly declared the Second UN Decade for the Eradication of Poverty (2008-2017) in December 2007 and selected as theme “Full Employment and Decent Work for All”. This Second Decade was proclaimed to support the internationally agreed development goals related to poverty eradication, including the Millennium Development Goals. It has stressed the importance of reinforcing the positive trends in poverty reduction, experienced by some countries as well as the need of extending such trends to benefit people worldwide. This Second Decade recognizes as well the importance of mobilizing financial resources for development at national and international levels and acknowledges that sustained economic growth, supported by rising productivity and a favourable environment, including private investment and entrepreneurship is vital for rising living standards
• January 2002 JPOI (Chap. 2) Chapter 2 identifies eradication of poverty as the greatest global challenge facing the world today and as an indispensable requirement for sustainable development, particularly for developing countries. JPOI recognizes the primary responsibility and role national governments and policies have for ensuring their own sustainable development and poverty eradication strategies. The JPOI at the same time highlights the importance of concerted and concrete measures at all levels to enable developing countries to achieve their sustainable development goals as related to the internationally agreed poverty-related targets and goals, including those contained in Agenda 21, the relevant outcomes of other United Nations conferences and the United Nations Millennium Declaration.
• January 2000 Social Summit +5 As recommended by the World Summit for Social Development, the General Assembly convened a special session in 2000 to revise and assess the implementation of the outcome of the Social Summit and to identify new and further initiatives for social development. The GA held its twenty-fourth special session, entitled “World Summit for Social Development and beyond: achieving social development for all in a globalizing world”, in Geneva from 26 to 30 June 2000. Agreement was reached on a wide array of initiatives to reduce poverty and spur job growth in the global economy. Reducing poverty, promoting job growth, and ensuring the participation of all people in the decision-making process were the main objectives of the agreement. To achieve these goals, countries endorsed actions to ensure improved education and health, including in times of financial crisis. The General Assembly adopted an outcome document entitled “Further initiatives for social development” consisting of a political declaration reaffirming the Copenhagen Declaration on Social Development and Programme of Action of the World Summit for Social Development; a review and assessment of the implementation of the outcome of the Summit; and proposals for further initiatives for social development.
• January 2000 MDG 1 MDG 1 aims at eradicating extreme poverty and hunger. Its three targets respectively read: halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than $1.25 a day (1.A), achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women and young people (1.B), halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger (1.C).
• January 1997 1st UN Decade for Eradication of Poverty The First United Nations Decade for Eradication of Poverty was declared for the period 1997-2006 by the UN General Assembly at the end of 1995. As theme for the Decade, the GA established at the end of 1996 the following: "Eradicating poverty is an ethical, social, political and economic imperative of humankind."
• January 1997 GA 19th Special Session A GA Special Session (UNGASS-19) was held in June 1997 in order to review and assess progress undergone on Agenda 21. With Resolution A/RES/S-19/2 delegates agreed on the adoption of the Programme for the Further Implementation of Agenda 21. The Programme appraised progress since the UNCED, examined implementation and defined the CSD’s work programme for the period 1998-2002. For the CSD’s subsequent four sessions, poverty and consumption and production patterns were identified as dominant issues for each year by the work programme. Delegates also agreed on the sectoral, cross-sectoral and economic sector/major group themes, endorsed the IPF’s outcome and recommended a continuation of the intergovernmental policy dialogue on forests. Subsequently, the Intergovernmental Forum on Forest (IFF) was established by ECOSOC under the CSD.
• January 1995 Copenhagen Declaration (Social Summit) The Copenhagen Declaration was adopted at the end of the World Summit for Social Development (WSSD), held in March 1995 in Copenhagen. Being the largest gathering of world leaders at that time, this event represented a crucial milestone and pledged to make the conquest of poverty, the goal of full employment and the fostering of stable, safe and just societies overriding objectives of development. Chapter 2 is entirely devoted to eradication of poverty with a particular attention to the strategies to be adopted to achieve concrete results in this matter, to improve access to productive resources and infrastructure, meet the basic human needs of all and to enhance social protection and reduce vulnerability.
• January 1992 Agenda 21 (Chap.3) Chapter 3 of the Agenda describes poverty as "a complex multidimensional problem with origins in both the national and international domains". The Agenda notes that no uniform solution can be found for global application and identifies country-specific programmes to tackle poverty and international efforts supporting national efforts, as well as the parallel process of creating a supportive international environment as crucial tools for a solution to this problem.

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• A/69/700 - The road to dignity by 2030: ending poverty, transforming all lives and protecting the planet [Arabic] [Chinese] [English] [French] [Russian] [Spanish]
• 2017 HLFP Thematic Review of SDG 1: End Poverty in All its Forms Everywhere

• improving access to sustainable livelihoods, entrepreneurial opportunities and productive resources;
• providing universal access to basic social services;
• empowering people living in poverty and their organizations;
• addressing the disproportionate impact of poverty on women;
• working with interested donors and recipients to allocate increased shares of ODA to poverty eradication; and
• intensifying international cooperation for poverty eradication.

Sustainable Development Goal 1

End poverty in all its forms everywhere.

Sustainable Development Goal 1 is to “end poverty in all its forms everywhere”, according to the United Nations .

The visualizations and data below present the global perspective on where the world stands today and how it has changed.

Longer-term trends, research, and additional data on poverty can be found on Our World in Data, particularly our topic page on poverty .

The UN has defined 7 targets and 13 indicators for SDG 1. Targets specify the goals, and indicators represent the metrics by which the world tracks whether these targets are achieved. Below, we quote the original text of all targets and show the data based on the agreed indicators.

Target 1.1 Eradicate extreme poverty

Sdg indicator 1.1.1 share below the international poverty line.

Definition of the SDG indicator: Indicator 1.1.1 is the “proportion of the population living below the international poverty line by sex, age, employment status and geographic location (urban/rural)” in the UN SDG framework .

The international poverty line is defined as living on $2.15 per day ( updated from the previous poverty line of $1.90 in 2015).

This poverty line is measured in international dollars, a hypothetical currency that adjusts for price differences between countries (purchasing power parity). It is measured in prices of 2017 to adjust for price changes over time (inflation).

The interactive visualization shows data for this indicator, which measures the proportion of the population below the international poverty line. Breakdowns by sex, age, employment status, and geographical location are not available for all countries, but our topic page on poverty includes some relevant measures in this context.

Target: By 2030, “eradicate extreme poverty for all people, everywhere ” . The UN defines this based on the international poverty line. 1

More research: Further data and research can be found on the Our World in Data topic page on poverty .

Additional charts

• Share of population living in extreme poverty (historical estimates)
• Population living in extreme poverty by region
• Share of population living in multidimensional poverty

Target 1.2 Reduce poverty by at least 50%

Sdg indicator 1.2.1 share below the national poverty line.

Definition of the SDG indicator : Indicator 1.2.1 is the “proportion of the population living below the national poverty line” in the UN SDG framework .

National poverty lines differ by country , depending on country circumstances, living standards, and cost of living.

The interactive visualization shows data for this indicator, which measures the share of a country's population that lives below each country's specific national poverty line.

Target: By 2030, “reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women, and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions. ”

More research: Further data and research can be found at the Our World in Data topic page on poverty .

SDG Indicator 1.2.2 Share in multidimensional poverty according to national definitions

Definition of the SDG indicator : Indicator 1.2.2 is the “proportion of men, women, and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions” in the UN SDG framework .

This indicator is measured via related multidimensional poverty measures constructed according to national definitions. Multidimensional poverty refers to being deprived on a range of standard indicators related to health, education, and living standards.

Related data : Data on multidimensional poverty, measured as the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), can be found in this chart . This data has much better coverage across countries and time and is measured consistently, making it comparable between countries.

Target 1.3 Implement social protection systems

Sdg indicator 1.3.1 population covered by social protection floors/systems.

Definition of the SDG indicator : Indicator 1.3.1 is the “proportion of the population covered by social protection floors/systems, by sex, distinguishing children, unemployed persons, older persons, persons with disabilities, pregnant women, newborns, work-injury victims and the poor and the vulnerable” in the UN SDG framework .

This indicator measures the share of the population effectively covered by a social protection system. Such systems include child and maternity benefits, support for persons without jobs, persons with disabilities, victims of work injuries, and older persons.

In our topic page on government spending , you can find additional data, including some of the breakdowns mentioned in the definition of indicator 1.3.1.

Target: The SDG target is to “implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, including floors, and by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the vulnerable.”

• Adequacy of social insurance systems
• Adequacy of unemployment benefits
• Adequacy of social safety net programs

Target 1.4 Equal rights to ownership, basic services, technology, and economic resources

Sdg indicator 1.4.1 access to basic services.

Definition of the SDG indicator : Indicator 1.4.1 is the “proportion of population living in households with access to basic services” in the UN SDG framework .

The UN defines basic services as “public service provision systems that meet human basic needs” and accounts for access to 9 components: drinking water, sanitation, hygiene facilities, clean fuels and technology, mobility, waste collection, health care, education, and information services. These components also appear elsewhere in the SDG framework as indicators.

Since internationally comparable data on this indicator is currently unavailable, we show here the share of the world population with access to four essential services: improved drinking water, sanitation, electricity, and clean cooking fuels. You can view the data for different countries or regions using the “Change country” button at the top of the chart.

Target: By 2030, “ensure that all men and women, in particular the poor and the vulnerable, have access to basic services.” 2 This sets a target of universal access to basic services for all households.

More research: Further data and research can be found on the Our World in Data topic pages on clean water and sanitation , energy , and indoor air pollution .

• Access to electricity
• Access to clean cooking fuels
• Access to safe sanitation
• Access to safe drinking water

SDG Indicator 1.4.2 Secure tenure rights to land

Definition of the SDG indicator : Indicator 1.4.2 is the “proportion of the total adult population with secure tenure rights to land, (a) with legally recognized documentation, and (b) who perceive their rights to land as secure, by sex and type of tenure” in the UN SDG framework .

The interactive visualizations show data for this indicator. The first chart shows data on indicator 1.4.2(a) for the share of adults with legal documentation of their rights to land, and the second chart shows data on indicator 1.4.2(b) for the share of individuals who perceive their rights to land as secure.

Target: By 2030, “ensure that all men and women, in particular the poor and the vulnerable, have equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to basic services, ownership and control over land and other forms of property.” 2

Target 1.5 Build resilience to environmental, economic, and social disasters

Sdg indicator 1.5.1 deaths and affected persons from natural disasters.

Definition of the SDG indicators : Indicators 1.5.1 are the “number of deaths, missing persons and directly affected persons attributed to disasters per 100,000 population” in the UN SDG framework .

In the interactive visualizations, we show a component of this indicator in the first chart: the rate of deaths and missing persons from natural disasters, measured as the number of deaths and missing persons per 100,000 population per year. The other charts in the series include a range of metrics relevant to indicator 1.5.1.

Target: “By 2030, build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations and reduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme events and other economic, social, and environmental shocks and disasters.”

More research: Further data and research can be found on the Our World in Data topic page on natural disasters .

SDG Indicator 1.5.2 Direct economic loss from natural disasters

Definition of the SDG indicator : Indicator 1.5.2 is the “direct economic loss attributed to disasters in relation to global gross domestic product (GDP)” in the UN SDG framework .

This indicator measures the ratio of direct economic loss from a disaster to gross domestic product. Direct economic loss is defined as the monetary value of totally or partially destroyed physical assets in the affected area. This includes losses in agriculture, all other productive assets, housing, critical infrastructure, and cultural heritage.

• Absolute economic losses from disasters by country
• Global weather-related disaster losses as a share of GDP

SDG Indicator 1.5.3 Disaster risk reduction strategies

Definition of the SDG indicator : Indicator 1.5.3 is the “number of countries that adopt and implement national disaster risk reduction strategies in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030” in the UN SDG framework .

The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 is an international agreement to strengthen disaster preparedness to reduce risk and losses from disasters. Although the indicator definition is framed in terms of the number of countries adopting national disaster risk reduction strategies in line with the Sendai Framework, the United Nations tracks this measure in terms of country levels of implementation.

The interactive visualization shows data for this indicator in terms of levels of country implementation, on a scale from 0 to 1, based on an average score from 10 scored sub-indicators that collectively reflect progress towards implementation of the Sendai Framework.

• Disaster risk reduction score

SDG Indicator 1.5.4 Local disaster risk reduction

Definition of the SDG indicator : Indicator 1.5.4 is the “proportion of local governments that adopt and implement local disaster risk reduction strategies in line with national disaster risk reduction strategies” in the UN SDG framework .

In this context, “local governments” refers to sub-national administrative bodies responsible for developing disaster risk reduction strategies.

Data for this indicator is shown in the interactive visualization.

Target: By 2030, “build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations and reduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme events and other disasters.” 3

Target 1.a Mobilization of resources to end poverty

Sdg indicator 1.a.1 development assistance for poverty reduction.

Definition of the SDG indicator : Indicator 1.a.1 is the “total official development assistance grants from all donors that focus on poverty reduction as a share of the recipient country’s gross national income” in the UN SDG framework .

Official development assistance refers to flows to countries and territories on the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development’s Development Assistance Committee (DAC) and to multilateral institutions that meet criteria related to the source of the funding, the purpose of the transaction, and the concessional nature of the funding.

This indicator is measured differently for donor and recipient countries, and data is accordingly shown separately for donor and recipient countries in the interactive visualizations. For recipient countries, this is shown as official development assistance grants focused on poverty reduction from all donors as a share of the recipient country’s gross national income. For donor countries, this is shown as bilateral official development assistance grants focused on poverty reduction as a share of a donor country’s gross national income.

Target: By 2030, “ensure significant mobilization of resources from a variety of sources to implement programs and policies to end poverty in all its dimensions.” 4

SDG Indicator 1.a.2 Government spending on essential services

Definition of the SDG indicator: Indicator 1.a.2 is the “proportion of total government spending on essential services (education, health and social protection)” in the UN SDG framework .

Since internationally comparable data on all components of this indicator are not currently available, the two interactive visualizations show data on the percentage of government spending on health and education.

Target: By 2030, “ensure significant mobilization of resources to implement programs and policies to end poverty in all its dimensions.” 4

There is no defined target for this indicator.

More research: Further data and research can be found at the Our World in Data topic pages on financing healthcare , financing education , and public spending .

• Social spending

Target 1.b Policy frameworks for poverty eradication

Sdg indicator 1.b.1 pro-poor public spending.

Definition of the SDG indicator: Indicator 1.b.1 is “pro-poor public social spending” in the UN SDG framework .

This indicator measures spending by country governments on health, education, and direct transfers to benefit the poor. Data is not currently available for most countries and is not reported here.

Target: “Create sound policy frameworks to support accelerated investment in poverty eradication actions.” 5

No data for this indicator

We are currently not aware of data for this indicator. You can notify us of available data for this indicator via our feedback form .

The full text of the target reads: “By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere, currently measured as people living on less than $1.25 a day”. However, the poverty line has since been updated to $2.15 a day, and the UN tracks this measure accordingly.

Full text: ”By 2030, ensure that all men and women, in particular the poor and the vulnerable, have equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to basic services, ownership and control over land and other forms of property, inheritance, natural resources, appropriate new technology, and financial services, including microfinance.”

Full text: “By 2030, build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations and reduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme events and other economic, social, and environmental shocks and disasters.”

Full text: “Ensure significant mobilization of resources from a variety of sources, including through enhanced development cooperation, in order to provide adequate and predictable means for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, to implement programs and policies to end poverty in all its dimensions”

Full text: ”Create sound policy frameworks at the national, regional, and international levels, based on pro-poor and gender-sensitive development strategies, to support accelerated investment in poverty eradication actions”

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Progress, challenges in ending extreme poverty

[goal: 1] calls for ending poverty by 2030. On the eve of the pandemic, 659 million people struggled on less than $2.15 a day. The pandemic halted years of progress in ending extreme poverty, expanding the number of extremely poor people by 70 million. Poor countries will need to grow to end extreme poverty and it can be done without significantly contributing to global emissions.

↓ Read the full story

Progress in ending extreme poverty

Distribution of income ($/day). each dot represents 20 million people.

Source: [link: https://pip.worldbank.org/ World Bank Poverty and Inequality Platform], World Development Indicators ([link: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.DDAY SI.POV.DDAY]; [link: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL SP.POP.TOTL]), and [link: https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/poverty-and-shared-prosperity 2022 Poverty and Shared Prosperity Report].

It is estimated that the number of extreme poor increased by about [emphasis: 70 million] in 2020.

COVID-19 led to an increase in global poverty

Millions of poor globally, where does the international poverty line come from, harmonized national poverty lines from circa 2017 ($/day).

Source: [link: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/37061 Jolliffe ⓡ al. (2022)].

Global poverty with higher lines

How many poor would there be if your country’s poverty line were used globally, each dot represents 20 million people.

Source: [link: https://pip.worldbank.org/ World Bank Poverty and Inequality Platform], World Development Indicators ([link: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.DDAY SI.POV.DDAY]; [link: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL SP.POP.TOTL]), and [link: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/37061 Jolliffe ⓡ al. (2022)].

Ending poverty without jeopardizing climate goals

Growth is associated with poverty reduction and greenhouse gas emissions, extreme poverty rate (%) and gdp per capita, 2019.

Source: [link: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/39475 Wollburg ⓡ al. (2023)], [link: https://pip.worldbank.org/ World Bank Poverty and Inequality Platform], World Development Indicators ([link: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.KD NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.KD]), and [link: https://www.climatewatchdata.org Climate Watch].

Greenhouse gas emissions needed to end poverty

Baseline scenario.

of global 2019 emissions

Improving energy efficiency

Reducing inequality, learn more about sdg 1.

In the charts below you can find more facts about SDG {activeGoal} targets, which are not covered in this story. The data for these graphics is derived from official UN data sources.

SDG target 1.2

Multidimensional poverty captures other aspects of poverty such as education and health. In 44 out of 57 countries, it is higher than monetary poverty.

National monetary and multidimensional poverty rates (%).

* The figure includes countries with both a national monetary poverty rate (SDG 1.2.1) and multidimensional poverty rate (SDG 1.2.2) in the same year. For countries with multiple years of data available, the latest year is used.

Source: Government statistical agencies, Poverty and Inequality Platform, and World Development Indicators ([link: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.NAHC SI.POV.NAHC], [link: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.MDIM SI.POV.MDIM]). DOWNLOAD

SDG target 1.3

Low-income countries have little social protection

Proportion of population participating in social protection and active labor market programs (%), 2010-2019.

* The figure only includes countries with at least one estimate for 2010-2019. When multiple estimates are available for the same country in the same decade, the latest value is used. Only data for eight high-income countries are available.

Source: The Atlas of Social Protection and World Development Indicators, World Bank (per_allsp.cov_pop_tot). DOWNLOAD

Sustainable Development Goals

The Sustainable Development Goals were adopted by the United Nations in 2015 as a call-to-action for people worldwide to address five critical areas of importance by 2030: people, planet, prosperity, peace, and partnership.

Biology, Health, Conservation, Geography, Human Geography, Social Studies, Civics

Set forward by the United Nations (UN) in 2015, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) are a collection of 17 global goals aimed at improving the planet and the quality of human life around the world by the year 2030.

Image courtesy of the United Nations

In 2015, the 193 countries that make up the United Nations (UN) agreed to adopt the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The historic agenda lays out 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and targets for dignity, peace, and prosperity for the planet and humankind, to be completed by the year 2030. The agenda targets multiple areas for action, such as poverty and sanitation , and plans to build up local economies while addressing people's social needs.

In short, the 17 SDGs are:

Goal 1: No Poverty: End poverty in all its forms everywhere.

Goal 2: Zero Hunger: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture.

Goal 3: Good Health and Well-being: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages.

Goal 4: Quality Education: Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all.

Goal 5: Gender Equality : Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls.

Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation: Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all.

Goal 7: Affordable and Clean Energy: Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all.

Goal 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth: Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all.

Goal 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure: Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization, and foster innovation.

Goal 10: Reduced Inequality : Reduce in equality within and among countries.

Goal 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities: Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable.

Goal 12: Responsible Consumption and Production: Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns.

Goal 13: Climate Action: Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts.

Goal 14: Life Below Water: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas, and marine resources for sustainable development.

Goal 15: Life on Land: Protect, restore, and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss.

Goal 16: Peace,  Justice , and Strong Institutions: Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable, and inclusive institutions at all levels.

Goal 17: Partnerships to Achieve the Goal: Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development.

The SDGs build on over a decade of work by participating countries. In essence, the SDGs are a continuation of the eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which began in the year 2000 and ended in 2015. The MDGs helped to lift nearly one billion people out of extreme poverty, combat hunger, and allow more girls to attend school. The MDGs, specifically goal seven, helped to protect the planet by practically eliminating global consumption of ozone-depleting substances; planting trees to offset the loss of forests; and increasing the percent of total land and coastal marine areas worldwide. The SDGs carry on the momentum generated by the MDGs with an ambitious post-2015 development agenda that may cost over $4 trillion each year. The SDGs were a result of the 2012 Rio+20 Earth Summit, which demanded the creation of an open working group to develop a draft agenda for 2015 and onward.

Unlike the MDGs, which relied exclusively on funding from governments and nonprofit organizations, the SDGs also rely on the private business sector to make contributions that change impractical and unsustainable consumption and production patterns. Novozymes, a purported world leader in biological solutions, is just one example of a business that has aligned its goals with the SDGs. Novozymes has prioritized development of technology that reduces the amount of water required for waste treatment. However, the UN must find more ways to meaningfully engage the private sector to reach the goals, and more businesses need to step up to the plate to address these goals.

Overall, limited progress has been made with the SDGs. According to the UN, many people are living healthier lives now compared to the start of the millennium, representing one area of progress made by the MDGs and SDGs. For example, the UN reported that between 2012 and 2017, 80 percent of live births worldwide had assistance from a skilled health professional—an improvement from 62 percent between 2000 and 2005.

While some progress has been made, representatives who attended sustainable development meetings claimed that the SDGs are not being accomplished at the speed, or with the appropriate momentum, needed to meet the 2030 deadline. On some measures of poverty, only slight improvements have been made: The 2018 SDGs Report states that 9.2 percent of the world's workers who live with family members made less than $1.90 per person per day in 2017, representing less than a 1 percent improvement from 2015. Another issue is the recent rise in world hunger. Rates had been steadily declining, but the 2018 SDGs Report stated that over 800 million people were undernourished worldwide in 2016, which is up from 777 million people in 2015.

Another area of the SDGs that lacks progress is gender equality. Multiple news outlets have recently reported that no country is on track to achieve gender equality by 2030 based on the SDG gender index. On a scale of zero to 100, where a score of 100 means equality has been achieved, Denmark was the top performing country out of 129 countries with score slightly under 90. A score of 90 or above means a country is making excellent progress in achieving the goals, and 59 or less is considered poor headway. Countries were scored against SDGs targets that particularly affect women, such as access to safe water or the Internet. The majority of the top 20 countries with a good ranking were European countries, while sub-Saharan Africa had some of the lowest-ranking countries. The overall average score of all countries is a poor score of 65.7.

In fall of 2019, heads of state and government will convene at the United Nations Headquarters in New York to assess the progress in the 17 SDGs. The following year—2020—marks the deadline for 21 of the 169 SDG targets. At this time, UN member states will meet to make a decision to update these targets.

In addition to global efforts to achieve the SDGs, according to the UN, there are ways that an individual can contribute to progress: save on electricity while home by unplugging appliances when not in use; go online and opt in for paperless statements instead of having bills mailed to the house; and report bullying online when seen in a chat room or on social media.

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GOAL 1: No poverty

Learn more about SDG 1

End poverty in all its forms everywhere:

A sustainably managed environment is a prerequisite for socio-economic development and poverty reduction. The natural environment supplies ecosystem goods and services that provide income, support job creation, poverty alleviation, contribute to safety nets and reduce inequity.

Climate change and exposure to natural disasters threaten to derail efforts to eradicate poverty. A great bulk of the world's poorest and most vulnerable citizens live in disaster prone countries and their number keeps increasing. Those groups are disproportionally affected by shocks and stresses. As temperatures rise, the likelihood and severity of climate-related disasters increase affecting lives and livelihoods, hampering the development efforts and reversing gains made in poverty reduction.

Targets linked to the environment

• Target 1.5: By 2030, build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations and reduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme events and other economic, social and environmental shocks and disasters.

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GOAL 1: No Poverty

End poverty in all its forms everywhere

Globally, the number of people living in extreme poverty declined from 36 per cent in 1990 to 10 per cent in 2015. But the pace of change is decelerating and the COVID-19 crisis  risks reversing decades of progress  in the fight against poverty.  New research  published by the UNU World Institute for Development Economics Research warns that the economic fallout from  the global pandemic could increase global poverty by as much as half a billion people , or 8% of the total human population. This would be the first time that poverty has increased globally in thirty years, since 1990.

More than  700 million people , or 10 per cent of the world population, still live in extreme poverty today, struggling to fulfil the most basic needs like health, education, and access to water and sanitation, to name a few. The majority of people living on less than $1.90 a day live in sub-Saharan Africa. Worldwide, the  poverty rate in rural areas is 17.2 per cent —more than three times higher than in urban areas.

For those who work, having a job does not guarantee a decent living. In fact,  8 per cent  of employed workers and their families worldwide lived in extreme poverty in 2018. One out of five children live in extreme poverty. Ensuring social protection for all children and other vulnerable groups is critical to reduce poverty.

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Goal 1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere

Giving people in all parts of the world the support they need to lift themselves out of poverty in all its manifestations is the very essence of sustainable development. Goal 1 focuses on ending poverty through interrelated strategies, including the promotion of social protection systems, decent employment and the resilience of the poor. Although the global rate of extreme poverty has been reduced by more than half since 2000, intensified efforts are required to boost the incomes, alleviate the suffering and build the resilience of those still impoverished, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Social protection systems need to be expanded and risks mitigated for disaster-prone countries, which tend to be among the world’s poorest countries.

Proportion of the population living below 1.90 US dollars a day, 1999 and 2013 (percentage)

Note: oceania* refers to oceania excluding australia and new zealand., nearly a billion people have escaped extreme poverty since 1999; three quarters of a billion remain in its grasp.

The international poverty line is currently defined as 1.90 US dollars per person per day using 2011 purchasing power parity (PPP). In 2013, an estimated 767 million people lived under the poverty line, down from 1.7 billion people in 1999. This represents a reduction in the global extreme poverty rate from 28 per cent in 1999 to 11 per cent in 2013. The fastest progress was observed in Eastern and South-Eastern Asia, where 3 per cent of the population lived in extreme poverty in 2013, down from 35 per cent in 1999. Despite a decline in the poverty rate in sub-Saharan Africa, 42 per cent of the population continued to subsist in conditions of extreme poverty in 2013. In fact, sub-Saharan Africa was home to about half of the world’s poor. Combined with Southern Asia, the two regions accounted for over 80 per cent of the world’s poorest people that year.

Working poverty has decreased, but it is still pervasive in many regions and disproportionately affects the young

Many of the world’s workers live in extreme poverty due to a lack of decent work opportunities. Almost 10 per cent of the employed population globally lived with their families on less than 1.90 US dollars per person per day in 2016. While the percentage of the “working poor” has been cut by more than half since 2000—when it stood at 28 per cent—it remains pervasive in a few regions. In sub-Saharan Africa, 34 per cent of workers and their families continued to live in extreme poverty in 2016. Working poverty affects youth at a much higher rate than adults: in 2016, 15 per cent of young workers worldwide lived under the international poverty line, compared to 9 per cent of adult workers. This pattern holds true across almost all regions.

Proportion of employed population living below 1.90 US dollars a day, youth and adults, 2000 and 2016 (percentage)

Note: adults refer to persons aged 25 and above, youth refers to persons aged 15 to 24., less than half the world’s population is covered by at least one social protection scheme.

Social protection systems have an important role in protecting the most vulnerable. They are fundamental to preventing and reducing poverty and inequality at every stage of people’s lives. Benefits for children, mothers with newborns, persons with disability, older persons and those who are poor and without jobs help ensure that no one is left behind. Preliminary data show that in 2016, only 45 per cent of the world’s population were covered by at least one social protection cash benefit, and that the proportion varied widely across countries and regions. Sub-Saharan Africa has the lowest coverage, with about 13 per cent of its population covered by at least one social protection benefit, versus 86 per cent of the population in Europe and Northern America.

Proportion of population covered by at least one social protection benefit, 2016 (percentage)

Note: coverage corresponds to the sum of persons protected by contributory schemes and recipients of contributory and non-contributory benefits expressed as a percentage of the total population. northern africa and western asia and oceania* data are not shown due to low population coverage of available data., social protection coverage varies widely by type of benefit, with many vulnerable groups left behind.

In 2016, 68 per cent of people above retirement age received a pension. However, this global average masks large regional differences. In sub-Saharan Africa, only 22 per cent of people above retirement age received a pension in 2016, while in Europe and North America, pension coverage is almost universal. Other vulnerable groups also lack social protection. In 2016, only 22 per cent of the unemployed worldwide received unemployment benefits, 28 per cent of people with severe disabilities collected a disability pension, 35 per cent of children were covered by social protection, and 41 per cent of women giving birth received maternity benefits.

Proportion of the world’s population covered by various social protection floors/systems, 2016 (percentage)

Probabilistic models show that small island developing states are expected to bear disproportionately large economic losses attributed to disasters.

Building the resilience of the poor and strengthening disaster risk reduction are key strategies for ending extreme poverty in the most afflicted countries. Economic losses from natural hazards are now reaching an average of 250 to 300 billion US dollars a year. Based on the estimated future loss—as measured by Average Annual Loss (AAL)—the largest losses will be concentrated in bigger economies. However, smaller and more vulnerable countries, particularly the small island developing States, bear a disproportionate impact in relation to the size of their economies. More efforts should be made to promote disaster risk reduction, particularly in these most vulnerable countries.

Average Annual Loss in relation to 2013 GDP (percentage)

Note: average annual loss is the expected (i.e., future) economic loss value normalized in annual terms considering all potential occurrence (both severity and frequency) of natural hazards (earthquakes, cyclonic wind, storm surges and tsunamis) over a long time frame using probabilistic hazard models..

While global poverty rates have been cut by more than half since 2000, one in ten people in developing regions are still living with their families on less than the international poverty line of 1.90 USD a day, and there are millions more who make little more than this daily amount. Significant progress has been made in many countries within Eastern and Southeastern Asia, but up to 42% of the population in Sub-Saharan Africa continues to live below the poverty line.

Poverty is more than the lack of income and resources to ensure a sustainable livelihood. Its manifestations include hunger and malnutrition, limited access to education and other basic services, social discrimination and exclusion as well as the lack of participation in decision-making.

Economic growth must be inclusive to provide sustainable jobs and promote equality. Social protection systems need to be implemented to help alleviate the suffering of disaster-prone countries and provide support in the face of great economic risks. These systems will help strengthen responses by afflicted populations to unexpected economic losses during disasters and will eventually help to end extreme poverty in the most impoverished areas.

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Sustainable development goals explained: no poverty….

15 October 2015

Sustainable Development Goals Explained: No Poverty

We've come a long way in reducing world poverty over the past 15 years--but there's more to be done. How can the Sustainable Development Goals help us finish the job? Nik Sekhran, Director for Sustainable Development in the Bureau for Policy and

Sustainable Development Goal - No Poverty

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No poverty, zero hunger and reduced inequalities: Why do these Sustainable Development Goals matter to us?

DOI link for No poverty, zero hunger and reduced inequalities: Why do these Sustainable Development Goals matter to us?

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People worldwide have witnessed the devastating impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic: massive loss of life, deep economic recession, and disrupted social lives. The disastrous experience reminds us of the inseparable fates of the humanity. In order to overcome this pandemic and other global crises, as global citizens, we must act in unity, sooner rather than later. Other global crises such as poverty and hunger, extreme climate, as well as war and conflicts are also influencing the life-and-death situations of millions of people worldwide. Extreme climate has brought droughts, floods, and typhoons, which have intensified poverty, hunger, and health problems over the globe. Wars and conflicts not only create injuries and deaths, but also disperse people to be migrants and refugees. Global citizens need to participate in solidarity action for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to competently uproot these global challenges. This essay examines why goals, 1 (no poverty), 2 (zero hunger) and 10 (reduced inequalities) matter to us and the importance of fixing these global problems for a better more united world.

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EDITORIAL article

Editorial: nutrition and sustainable development goal 1: no poverty.

• 1 Faculty of Education, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
• 2 Nutrition Unit, World Health Organization, Cairo, Egypt
• 3 Department of Nutritional Sciences, Andalas University, Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia

Editorial on the Research Topic Nutrition and Sustainable Development Goal 1: no poverty

The United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, launched in 2015, articulates a roadmap for sustainable global peace and prosperity. This agenda is anchored by 17 interconnected and intersectional Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that outline pivotal collective actions in a framework that recognizes critical synergies and symbiosis between complex factors impacting current and future human development including poverty and economic disparities, food and nutritional status, environmental integrity including climate change, health and wellbeing, educational outcomes, and technological development.

SDG 1: “No poverty” contemplates actions to “end poverty in all its forms everywhere”. This is critical given the intersections between poverty and every element of human development and quality of life, including health and wellbeing (SDG 3), education (SDG 4), productivity (SDG 8), economic inequality and disparity (SDG 5 and 10), and environmental sustainability and healthy communities (SDGs 6, 7 and 9). This Research Topic, Nutrition and Sustainable Development Goal 1: no poverty , discusses research that elucidates interactions between food and nutrition security and poverty at different levels, with a focus on children and communities. To start, Du et al. explore the influence of household technological advancements on rural Chinese children's nutritional intake, specifically within the context of a Chinese government initiative to increase home appliances in rural areas of the country. The study explores the repercussions of enhanced household technology on the dynamics of children's nutritional consumption patterns. The study showed that integration of household appliances, including color televisions, washing machines, and refrigerators, beneficially reshaped the nutritional consumption patterns of children, with a pronounced effect among girls. Pivotal drivers included increased parental time allocation, improved food storage capabilities, and enhanced access to information. This study provides valuable insights into potential strategies for enhancing nutritional intake among rural children and might have implications outside the Chinese context studied here.

Poverty impacts food and nutritional security, which in turn impacts health and educational performance. The review and meta-analysis by Nugroho et al. sheds light on the relationship between socio-economic status and children's working memory in four developing countries. Key findings were that poverty was associated with a lower working memory score in children and that low educational status of the mother was associated with a lower score of working memory. The key conclusion, that poverty and low educational status of the mother were significant risk factors for lowering working memory among children in developing countries, is instructive.

Household food insecurity and hunger are directly related to economic status. Low-income households experience higher rates of food insecurity and higher prevalences of hunger and hunger-related issues. Demie and Gessese addressed the lack of Ethiopian research perspectives on this topic with their mixed-methodology community-based cross-sectional household study of food insecurity in an Ethiopian town. The study found that husband or male cohabitant's occupation and wife or female cohabitant's literacy level were key factors associated with household food insecurity and hunger. The study showed that household food insecurity and hunger required urgent attention and recommended action specifically geared toward self-employed merchants in small businesses and women who are uneducated.

Poverty and nutritional insecurity disproportionately impact the most vulnerable people, including women and children. A major problem is “hidden hunger” ( 1 , 2 ), characterized by inadequate nutritional intake or nutritional deficiency, which affects children and adolescents disproportionately, with serious implications for their development and cognitive abilities. The longitudinal study by Li et al. on nutritional deficiencies in countries with low sociodemographic index (SDI) aimed to provide a comprehensive estimate of the incidence of nutritional deficiency and its main subcategories at the global level and at the national level in low-SDI countries. This study also identified high-risk populations through sex and age stratification. The findings indicated high vitamin A deficiency and that protein–energy malnutrition contributed to the largest age-standardized DALY rate in 2019. Children ages 1–4 had the highest overall nutritional deficiency and dietary iron deficiency.

The research highlighted in this Research Topic is a timely look at an issue that demands ongoing attention. Global gains in the fight to eradicate extreme poverty were wiped away by the COVID-19 pandemic and the economic shocks it precipitated around the world ( 3 ). During the pandemic, extreme poverty rose after many years of sustained decline and, although poverty rates are generally back to pre-pandemic levels, low-income countries continue to lag in terms of recovery. At the same time, almost two and a half billion people experienced moderate to severe food insecurity in 2022 and over 60 percent of countries experienced rising food prices in the same year. Research about poverty and nutrition is therefore critical and this Research Topic makes an important contribution to the literature in this regard. Research within an SDG framework is also important. The 2024 SDG progress assessment indicates that we are way off course in achieving the 2023 Agenda. Stagnation is rampant on many of the 135 targets and, more alarmingly, there has been serious regression to below 2015 levels on seventeen percent of them ( 3 ). The current trajectory is, therefore, less than desirable. More research is needed to highlight this and galvanize action to turn things around in the next five and a half years.

Author contributions

CB: Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing. AA: Writing – review & editing. NL: Writing – review & editing.

The author(s) declare that no financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Publisher's note

All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

1. Chakona G, Shackleton C. Food taboos and cultural beliefs influence food choice and dietary preferences among pregnant women in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Nutrients. (2019) 11:2668. doi: 10.3390/nu11112668

PubMed Abstract | Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar

2. Lowe N. The global challenge of hidden hunger: perspectives from the field. Proc Nutr Soc. (2021) 80:283–9. doi: 10.1017/s0029665121000902

3. United Nations Economic and Social Council. Progress Towards the Sustainable Development Goals. (2024). Available at: https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/files/report/2024/SG-SDG-Progress-Report-2024-advanced-unedited-version.pdf (accessed July 9, 2024).

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Keywords: poverty, socioeconomic, children, food and nutrition, hunger

Citation: Beckford C, Al Jawaldeh A and Lipoeto NI (2024) Editorial: Nutrition and Sustainable Development Goal 1: no poverty. Front. Nutr. 11:1466774. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1466774

Received: 18 July 2024; Accepted: 19 July 2024; Published: 12 August 2024.

Edited and reviewed by: Mauro Serafini , University of Teramo, Italy

Copyright © 2024 Beckford, Al Jawaldeh and Lipoeto. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

*Correspondence: Clinton Beckford, clinton@uwindsor.ca

Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

Goal 10: Reduce inequality within and among countries

Inequality threatens long-term social and economic development, harms poverty reduction and destroys people’s sense of fulfillment and self-worth.

The incomes of the poorest 40 per cent of the population had been growing faster than the national average in most countries. But emerging yet inconclusive evidence suggests that COVID-19 may have put a dent in this positive trend of falling within-country inequality.

The pandemic has caused the largest rise in between-country inequality in three decades. Reducing both within- and between-country inequality requires equitable resource distribution, investing in education and skills development, implementing social protection measures, combating discrimination, supporting marginalized groups and fostering international cooperation for fair trade and financial systems.

Why do we need to reduce inequalities?

Inequalities based on income, sex, age, disability, sexual orientation, race, class, ethnicity, religion and opportunity continue to persist across the world. Inequality threatens long-term social and economic development, harms poverty reduction and destroys people’s sense of fulfillment and self-worth. This, in turn, can breed crime, disease and environmental degradation.

We cannot achieve sustainable development and make the planet better for all if people are excluded from the chance for a better life.

What are some examples of inequality?

Women and children with lack of access to healthcare die each day from preventable diseases such as measles and tuberculosis or in childbirth. Older persons, migrants and refugees face lack of opportunities and discrimination – an issue that affects every country in the world. One in five persons reported being discriminated on at least one ground of discrimination prohibited by international human rights law.

• One in six people worldwide has experienced discrimination in some form, with women and people with disabilities disproportionately affected.

Discrimination has many intersecting forms, from religion, ethnicity to gender and sexual preference, pointing to the urgent need for measures to tackle any kind of discriminatory practices and hate speech.

How do we tackle discrimination?

In today’s world, we are all interconnected. Problems and challenges like poverty, climate change, migration or economic crises are never just confined to one country or region. Even the richest countries still have communities living in abject poverty. The oldest democracies still wrestle with racism, homophobia and transphobia, and religious intolerance. Global inequality affects us all, no matter who we are or where we are from.

Can we achieve equality for everyone?

It can – and should be – achieved to ensure a life of dignity for all. Political, economic and social policies need to be universal and pay particular attention to the needs of disadvantaged and marginalized communities.

What can we do?

Reducing inequality requires transformative change. Greater efforts are needed to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger, and invest more in health, education, social protection and decent jobs especially for young people, migrants and refugees and other vulnerable communities.

Within countries, it is important to empower and promote inclusive social and economic growth. We can ensure equal opportunity and reduce inequalities of income if we eliminate discriminatory laws, policies and practices.

Among countries, we need to ensure that developing countries are better represented in decision-making on global issues so that solutions can be more effective, credible and accountable.

Governments and other stakeholders can also promote safe, regular and responsible migration, including through planned and well-managed policies, for the millions of people who have left their homes seeking better lives due to war, discrimination, poverty, lack of opportunity and other drivers of migration.

Facts and figures

Goal 10 targets.

• The incomes of the poorest 40 per cent of the population had been growing faster than the national average in most countries. But emerging yet inconclusive evidence suggests that COVID-19 may have put a dent in this positive trend of falling within-country inequality. The pandemic has also caused the largest rise in between-country inequality in three decades.
• The year 2022 witnessed the highest number of refugees (34.6 million people) ever documented. This year is also a deadly one for migrants, with nearly 7,000 deaths recorded globally.
• Reducing both within- and between-country inequality requires equitable resource distribution, investing in education and skills development, implementing social protection measures, combating discrimination, supporting marginalized groups and fostering international cooperation for fair trade and financial systems.

Source: The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2023

10.1  By 2030, progressively achieve and sustain income growth of the bottom 40 per cent of the population at a rate higher than the national average

10.2  By 2030, empower and promote the social, economic and political inclusion of all, irrespective of age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic or other status

10.3  Ensure equal opportunity and reduce inequalities of outcome, including by eliminating discriminatory laws, policies and practices and promoting appropriate legislation, policies and action in this regard

10.4  Adopt policies, especially fiscal, wage and social protection policies, and progressively achieve greater equality

10.5  Improve the regulation and monitoring of global financial markets and institutions and strengthen the implementation of such regulations

10.6  Ensure enhanced representation and voice for developing countries in decision-making in global international economic and financial institutions in order to deliver more effective, credible, accountable and legitimate institutions

10.7  Facilitate orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration and mobility of people, including through the implementation of planned and well-managed migration policies

10.A  Implement the principle of special and differential treatment for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, in accordance with World Trade Organization agreements

10.B  Encourage official development assistance and financial flows, including foreign direct investment, to States where the need is greatest, in particular least developed countries, African countries, small island developing States and landlocked developing countries, in accordance with their national plans and programmes

10.C  By 2030, reduce to less than 3 per cent the transaction costs of migrant remittances and eliminate remittance corridors with costs higher than 5 per cent

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs

United Nations Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States (UNOHRLLS)

Fast Facts: Reduced Inequalities

Infographic: Reduced Inequalities

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