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162 Best Animal Research Topics To Nail Your Paper In 2023

The world is filled with living things. There are some animals that we know about, some that we will discover, and there are many that we might never know about. All our knowledge about animals is mostly dependant on researchers.

Well, we are rooting for you to be the next great researcher. Be it zoology, veterinary, or live wild stock, your study needs a research topic. If you’re looking for the best animal research topics to nail this year, we’re here with your help.

Table of Contents

Best Animal Research Topics

We have 162 Animal Research Topics that will help you get the best grades this year.

Physiology of Animals Research Topics

Description of the knowledge required to work in animal physiology
Study of animal species with different specialties in the sciences of nature and life
Life sciences and socioeconomic impacts
Neurulation appendages birds
Exercises on gastrulation and neurulation
Gastrulation amphibians birds
Fertilization segmentation in the sea species
Gametogenesis: A Detailed Introduction
Study of Delimitation: bird appendages
Particularities of the developmental biology of certain species
Technical-commercial animal physiology
Terrestrial and marine ecosystems
Animal biology and forensic science: Is there a connection?
Animal Biology Biotechnology and molecules of interest regarding food and industry
The interest in biology in the diagnosis of animal and plant diseases
Toxicology and environmental health concerns in animal physiology
Animal and plant production
Fundamentals of animal physiology research and analysis
Behavior and evolution Genetics of behavior in animals
Adaptation and evolution of behavior
Comparative studies of general ecology, zoology, and animal physiology
Study of animals about the conditions prevailing in their immediate environment
Endocrine and neuroendocrine systems in animals
Studying the nervous systems in birds
Genitals and reproductive physiology of birds
Understanding of the anatomical and functional particularities of invertebrates
Biology and physiology of invertebrates
Reconstruction of phylogenetic trees
Morpho-anatomical arguments and the importance of fossils
Argued classification of animals
Study of the evolution of living organisms by making updates on recent advances in Animalia
Phylogeny and Animal Evolution
Principles of echolocation in the bats
Possible evolution of the increase in complexity of the primitive nervous system
The nervous system of the insect
Circulation in animal physiology
Animals without a differentiated circulatory system
Water and mineral balance in animals
Thermoregulation in animals
Musculoskeletal system in animals
Study of animal blood
Biological rhythms of animals
Skin and teguments of mammals
Animal nutrition and metabolism
Hormones and endocrine system of animals
Emerging organic pollutants
Mechanisms of toxicity in animals
Animal physiology in animals from temperate regions
Genetic correlations between animal species
Animal communities, forest ecology, and forest birds
Wildlife-habitat modeling

Looking for research topics in general? Read 402 General Research Paper Topics

Animal Research Topics For Student

Impact of the agricultural raw materials crisis on the marketing of livestock feed
Analysis of the competitiveness of poultry produced in the USA
Animal cruelty in USA and European countries
Seroprevalence of neosporosis in cattle herds
The peri-urban dairy sector
Effect of the liberalization of the veterinary profession on the vaccination coverage of livestock
Why do people kill animals? The psyche behind animal cruelty
Evaluation of the growth performance of three sheep breeds
Study on the protection of terrestrial ecosystems
Ecology of African dung beetles
Effects of road infrastructure on wildlife in developing countries
Analysis of the consequences of climate change related to pastoral livestock
Strategies for management in the animal feed sector
The feeding behavior of mosquitoes
Bee learning and memory
Immediate response to the animal cruelty
Study of mass migration of land birds over the ocean
A study of crocodile evolution
The cockroach escape system
The resistance of cockroaches against radiation: Myth or fact?
Temperature regulation in the honey bee swarm
Irresponsible dog breeding can often lead to an excess of stray dogs and animal cruelty
Reliable communication signals in birds

Also see: How to Write an 8 Page Research Paper ?

Animal Research Topics For University

Color patterns of moths and moths
Mimicry in the sexual signals of fireflies
Ecophysiology of the garter snake
Memory, dreams regarding cat neurology
Spatiotemporal variation in the composition of animal communities
Detection of prey in the sand scorpion
Internal rhythms in bird migration
Genealogy: Giant Panda
Animal dissection: Severe type of animal cruelty and a huge blow to animal rights
Cuckoo coevolution and patterns
Use of plant extracts from Amazonian plants for the design of integrated pest management
Research on flying field bug
The usefulness of mosquitoes in biological control serves to isolate viruses
Habitat use by the Mediterranean Ant
Genetic structure of the African golden wolf based on its habitat
Birds body odor on their interaction with mosquitoes and parasites
The role of ecology in the evolution of coloration in owls
The invasion of the red swamp crayfish
Molecular taxonomy and biogeography of caprellids
Bats of Mexico and the United States
What can animal rights NGOs do in case of animal cruelty during animal testing initiatives?

Or you can try 297 High School Research Paper Topics to Top The Class

Controversial Animal Research Topics

Is it okay to adopt an animal for experimentation?
The authorization procedures on animals for scientific experiments
The objective of total elimination of animal testing
Are there concrete examples of successful scientific advances resulting from animal experimentation?
Animal rights for exotic animals: Protection of forests and wildlife
How can animal rights help endangered animals
Animal experimentation are a type of animal cruelty: A detailed analysis
Animal testing: encouraging the use of alternative methods
Use of animals for the evaluation of chemical substances
Holding seminars on the protection of animals
Measures to take against animal cruelty
Scientific research on marine life
Scientific experiments on animals for medical research
Experimentation on great apes
Toxicological tests and other safety studies on chemical substances
Why isn’t research done directly on humans rather than animals?
Are animals necessary to approve new drugs and new medical technologies?
Are the results of animal experiments transferable to humans?
Humans are not animals, which is why animal research is not effective
What medical advances have been made possible by animal testing?
Animals never leave laboratories alive
Scientific interest does not motivate the use of animal research
Animal research is torture
How can a layperson work against animal testing?

Every crime is a controversy too, right? Here are some juicy Criminal Justice Research Paper Topics as well.

Animal Research Topics: Animal Rights

Growing awareness of the animal suffering generated by these experiments
What are the alternatives to animal testing?
Who takes care of animal welfare?
Major global organizations working for animal rights
Animal rights in developing countries
International animal rights standards to work against animal cruelty
Animal cruelty in developing countries
What can a layperson do when seeing animal cruelty
Role of society in the prevention of animal cruelty
Animal welfare and animal rights: measures taken against animal cruelty in developing countries
Animal cruelty in the name of science
How can we raise a better, empathetic and warm-hearted children to put a stop to animal cruelty
Ethical animal testing methods with safety
Are efforts being made to reduce the number of animals used?
The welfare of donkeys and their socioeconomic roles in the subcontinent
Animal cruelty and superstitious conceptions of dogs, cats, and donkeys in subcontinent
Efforts made by international organizations against the tragedy of animal cruelty
International organizations working for animal welfare
Animal abuse: What are the immediate measures to take when we see animal cruelty
Efforts to stop animal abuse in South Asian Countries
Animal abuse in the name of biomedical research

Talking about social causes, let’s have a look at social work topics too: 206 Social Work Research Topics

Interesting Animal Research Topics

The urbanization process and its effect on the dispersal of birds:
Patterns of diversification in Neotropical amphibians
Interactions between non-native parrot species
Impact of landscape anthropization dynamics and wild birds’ health
Habitat-driven diversification in small mammals
Seasonal fluctuations and life cycles of amphipods
Animal cruelty in African countries
Evolution of the environmental niche of amphibians
Biological studies on Louisiana crawfish
Biological studies on Pink bollworm
Biological studies on snails
Biological Studies on Bush Crickets
Biological Studies on Mountain Gorillas
Biological studies on piranha
Consequences of mosquito feeding
Birds as bioindicators of environmental health
Biological studies on victoria crowned pigeon
Biological studies on black rhinoceros
Biological studies on European spider
Biological studies on dumbo octopus
Biological studies on Markhor
Study of genetic and demographic variation in amphibian populations
Ecology and population dynamics of the blackberry turtle
Small-scale population differentiation in ecological and evolutionary mechanisms
Challenges in vulture conservation

Also interesting: 232 Chemistry Research Topics To Make Your Neurochemicals Dance

Submarine Animals Research Topics

The physiology behind the luminous fish
A study of Fish population dynamics
Study of insects on the surface of the water
Structure and function of schools of fish
Physiological ecology of whales and dolphins
Form and function in fish locomotion
Why do whales and dolphins jump?
Impact of Noise on Early Development and Hearing in Zebrafish
Animal cruelty against marine life on the hand of fishermen

Animal Biology Research Topics

Systematic and zoogeographical study of the ocellated lizards
Morphological study of neurohistogenesis in the diencephalon of the chick embryo
Anatomical study of three species of Nudibranch
The adaptive strategy of two species of lagomorphs
The Black vulture: population, general biology, and interactions with other birds
Ocellated lizards: their phylogeny and taxonomy
Studies on the behavior of ocellated lizards in captivity
Comparative studies of the egg-laying and egg-hatching methods of ocellated lizards
Studies on the ecology and behavior of ocellated lizards
The taxonomic and phylogenetic implications of ocellated lizards
Research on the egg-laying and egg-hatching methods of ocellated lizards
Studies on the ecology and behavior of ocellated lizards in their natural environment
Comparative studies of the egg-laying and egg-hatching methods of ocellated lizards in different countries
Studies on the ecology and behavior of ocellated lizards in their natural environment in the light of evolutionary and ecological insights

Animal research topics are not hard to find for you anymore. As you have already read a load of them. You can use any of them and ace your research paper, and you don’t even need to ask permission. If you are looking for a paper writing service , be it animal research, medical research, or any sort of research, you can contact us 24/7.

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Animal Research Topics Unleashed: Fauna Frontiers

Table of contents

1 How to Choose Animals Research Topics?
2.1 Animal Physiology Research Topics
2.2 Controversial Animal Topics
2.3 Animal Rights Topics For Research Paper
2.4 Interesting Animal Research Topics
2.5 Veterinary Topics For Research Paper
2.6 Animal Testing Research Topics
2.7 Animal Cruelty Topics
2.8 Research Questions about Animals
3 Get Professional Help for Your Animal Research Paper

Contrary to popular belief, animal research topics are not only used by veterinarians. They are also pursued by students majoring in Healthcare, Sound Engineering, and even subjects like Fashion Studies and Chemistry. Of course, it may require writing an excellent custom research paper because the trick here is to tailor things to what you need. The most challenging, however, is to choose your topic correctly and avoid being vague about what you must explore. Even if you would like to explore environmental issues, using animal research topics will be essential. You need to provide an explanation of your reasoning and the negative effects of human interaction with flora and fauna.

How to Choose Animals Research Topics?

While there may be no universal topic that will reflect all sides of animal-related research, consider those subjects that you know well. It must inspire you and be an area where you feel comfortable. If you love marine life and can provide personal research examples, it would be good to choose something that will suit a reflection journal. Alternatively, consider animal topics for research papers that can be supported by reliable sources and statistical information.

Start with an outline or a list of arguments that you would like to explore. Once done, continue with the wording for your topic that introduces the problem and offers a solution. You may also pose a research question about a problem or make a claim that will be supported by what you include in your paper. Always refer to your grading rubric and choose your research paper type accordingly. For example, your nursing research paper may talk about the use of animals for rehabilitation purposes, while a legal student may talk about animal rights in various countries. It all should be approached through the lens of what you learn as a primary subject!

50+ Most Interesting & Easy Animal Research Topics

Animal physiology research topics.

As you might already know, animal physiology studies anything related to the physical processes, changes in behaviors, breeding patterns, and more. As you think about choosing the animal physiology branch, always narrow things down if possible.

Life-supporting properties of trained dogs in the wilderness.
Homeostatic processes in migrating birds and the global warming challenges.
The changes in circadian pacemakers and the processes of aging.
The changes in flora and related metabolomic-based processes.
Self-healing practices and digestive enzyme aspects.
Food intake and glucose stimulation methods.
Insensitivity to insulin: causes and consequences among domestic animals.
Muscle cells development and fat management.
Fish and Shellfish immunology processes in relation to Covid-19 studies.
The role of mammals in the prevention of aquatic toxicology.

Controversial Animal Topics

This aspect of animal research essay writing may not be everyone’s cup of tea, which is why it is necessary to explore the facts and provide information that represents both sides of the debate. Stay sensitive and avoid being too graphic unless it is necessary. Below are some ideas to consider:

The cultural practices of whaling in the Faroe Islands and Iceland.
Animal testing and vaccination practices in Asian countries.
The use of horses, camels, and donkeys to entertain tourists in the Middle East.
The consequences of irresponsible dog breeding practices.
Climate change and the subsequent loss of the natural habitat.
The dark truth about the ivory trade.
The use of pets for advertisement and promotional purposes.
Animal rights protection and restrictions of breeding.
SPA for the pets: a natural development or immoral practice?
Animal trading and certification issues.

Animal Rights Topics For Research Paper

The subject of animal rights is popular among students coming from all academic disciplines. Since you can approach it via the philosophical, legal, or medical lens, think about how to reflect your primary skills. It will make your research of animal right topics sound more confident.

The regulation of puppy mills and breeding in the United States.
The legal aspect of animal sports and related regulation.
How should one treat pets that have been abandoned by the owners?
Clothing industry and legal regulations: from trading to advertisement.
The use of innovative methods in medical research and experimentation.
Animal ethics and the theological aspect of animal rights.
Training your dog well: what are the basic behavior rules to consider?
The breeding limitations and the farming practices in the United Kingdom.
Animal rights in the United States vs regulations in Canada.
Animal trading: what country should be held responsible for animal mistreatment?

Interesting Animal Research Topics

Why do elephants remember everything and how does their brain work?
Perception of love and affection among dogs vs cats.
The communication methods used by the dolphins.
Do horses feel the spirit of the competition during the ride?
Perception of children and the elderly by mammals.
Survival in the wilderness and the hunt for water.
The navigation system of the working bee.
How has technology changed domestic animals and their habits?
The use of dogs in the world’s rescue operations: unusual case studies.
Establishment of emotional bonds with dogs vs cats.

Veterinary Topics For Research Paper

In the majority of cases, you may refer to your veterinary branch first and proceed from there or take a look at the variety of veterinary research topics that we have presented below. Remember to quote every citation and idea that has been taken from other sources to avoid plagiarism.

How to establish immune responses in chickens by using disease vaccine prevention methods?
How do low doses of ketamine affect healthy dogs during epidural anesthesia?
The use of biomarkers for therapeutic purposes and the role of pet owners.
RNA genetic analysis and the use of AI-based endometria research to establish common sequences.
What do we know about canine coronavirus research: pros and cons of artificial modeling.
Egg production changes related to air pollution and chemical vapors.
Wildlife surveillance ethics in the United States: pros and cons of modern remote monitoring.
What are the causes and consequences of selenium deficiency and how can this aspect be addressed by the tissue analysis.
Veterinary cardiology principles and the use of knowledge sourced from human cardio-vascular research.
Canine immunopathologies and the high levels of stress caused by Covid-19 restrictions and social distancing.

Animal Testing Research Topics

Even though this subject seems to be discussed everywhere these days, finding good animals topics to write about that deal with animal testing is not easy. Think about what are the underlying reasons for testing and what forces scientists to use it as a method. It will help you come up with ideas and better exploration strategies.

Does finding a cure without the use of animals represent only an economical challenge?
Genetic research in the United States and the use of animals for research purposes.
Should animal cloning and illegal breeding practices be banned?
Beauty products industry and animal testing controversies.
Stell Cell Research: the role of animals in the current advancement.
Cell modulation and modeling as the replacement of animal testing.
Animal experimentation and the history of the world’s vaccination methods.
Does animal testing lead to safety in relation to emerging diseases?
Animal lifespan and the research objectives for medical testing.
Current human testing practices: do they represent an alternative to animal testing?

Animal Cruelty Topics

Warning: writing about animal cruelty subject is not for everyone, which is why you must be aware that the facts and statistics you may find will be shocking. It should be explored only if you are ready to embrace this disturbing subject. At the same time, you can explore milder animal cruelty cases like using pets as influencers on social media or the use of donkeys at the beaches to entertain tourists. There is always something to think about!

The practice of cockfighting.
The cultural heritage of bull-fighting in Spain.
The use of monkeys for entertaining purposes.
How are animal rights obeyed during filming practices?
The use of pets as animal beauty promoters and social media influencers.
Illegal farming practices in Asian countries and the Middle East.
How can dog hunters be identified and punished?
Why does whaling still continue in the Faroe Islands?
The use of natural fur during beauty commercials.
Vegetarian foods production: how justified it is for natural animal habitat?

Research Questions about Animals

When you would like to take a general approach to animals research, it is good to come up with a research question as a part of your thesis statement or main argumentation. See these animals research paper examples:

The use of canines in cancer research methods: what breeds fit the most?.
Pig kidney transplantation methods: what are the core genetic aspects.
The use of rats in the decrease of immune diseases: why do they represent the most fitting species?
Blood transfusions and the use of animal cardio-vascular system principles: what are the points to consider?
Can animal behavior patterns be helpful for use in human mental diseases?
Animal Welfare Regulations: are there mechanisms to have an impact on animal care?
The use of dangerous dog breeds in the world: should such breeding be regulated like gun control?
Improvement of cognitive functions among children who are dog owners: what is the role of the animals in question?.
PTSD among military veterans: how can we use the animals to help the healing processes?
The study of myocardial infarction in primates vs canine studies: why dogs represent better research models?

Get Professional Help for Your Animal Research Paper

Without a doubt, it is easy to get stuck with a multitude of topics and ideas. If you are planning to write about animal rights but do not know how to include certain animal physiology principles, it is safer to consider timely help with research paper. Our skilled team of specialists in this field will provide you with relevant sources and will help you polish things to perfection when you need assistance or do not know how to continue.

The same relates to checking your existing draft and citations in terms of plagiarism and originality. Writing about animals is never easy, which is why we know how you feel and also realize what your college professors expect to see. Take a look at our research topics about animals, trust us with your concerns and we shall help you achieve success!

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150+ Zoology Project Ideas: Explore Animal Kingdom

Zoology, the study of the animal kingdom, is a captivating field that enables us to unravel the mysteries of the natural world. Engaging in zoology project ideas can be a rewarding way to delve into this scientific realm, gaining hands-on experience and a deeper understanding of the creatures we share our planet with.

In this blog, we’ll explore a variety of zoology project ideas, guide you on how to choose the right project, offer tips for success, and showcase examples of successful projects.

Types of Zoology Projects

Table of Contents

Research Projects

Study of Animal Behavior: Investigate the behavior patterns of a particular species, shedding light on their social interactions, mating rituals, and daily routines.

Taxonomy and Classification: Explore the world of taxonomy by identifying and classifying new or existing species.
Endangered Species Conservation: Contribute to the preservation of endangered species by researching their habitats and threats.
Evolutionary Biology: Study the evolution of a specific animal group, tracing their lineage through the ages.

Observation and Field Studies

Bird Watching and Bird Identification: Observe and document bird species in your local area, noting their migration patterns and habitats.
Marine Life Observation: Dive into the underwater world, studying marine life like coral reefs, fish, and other aquatic organisms.
Insect Collection and Observation: Collect, identify, and document the behavior of insects in your region.

Experimental Projects

Animal Physiology Experiments: Investigate the physiological aspects of animals, such as their metabolism, respiration, or sensory perception.
Genetics and DNA Analysis: Explore the genetic makeup of a species, perhaps focusing on a particular gene or mutation.
Environmental Impact Studies: Analyze the impact of human activities on local ecosystems and propose solutions for conservation.

120+ Exciting In 2023

How to Choose the Right Zoology Project Ideas?

Selecting the right zoology project is crucial for your enjoyment and success. Consider the following factors:

Interests and Passions: Opt for a project that aligns with your interests and passions, as it will keep you motivated and engaged.
Available Resources: Ensure you have access to the necessary equipment and research materials.
Project Complexity and Scope: Choose a project that matches your level of expertise and the available time.
Alignment with Academic Goals: If the project is for a school or college, ensure it aligns with your academic goals and curriculum.

150+ Zoology Project Ideas: Category-Wise

Animal behavior and ethology.

Mating Behavior of Peacocks: Investigate the courtship and mating rituals of peacocks.
Foraging Habits of Ant Colonies: Study how ants locate, transport, and store food.
Communication in Dolphins: Explore how dolphins use sound signals for communication.
Nesting Behavior of Sea Turtles: Monitor and document sea turtle nesting patterns.
Sleep Patterns in Bats: Investigate the sleep patterns and behaviors of different bat species.

Taxonomy and Classification

New Species Discovery: Identify and classify a new or unidentified species.
Comparative Anatomy of Mammals: Compare the anatomical features of different mammal species.
Phylogenetic Analysis: Construct a phylogenetic tree for a group of related species.
Insect Taxonomy: Study and classify local insect species.
Plant-Animal Interactions: Examine the interactions between specific plant species and the animals that rely on them.

Conservation and Ecology

Impact of Invasive Species: Investigate the effects of invasive species on local ecosystems.
Habitat Restoration: Participate in habitat restoration projects for endangered species.
Wildlife Corridor Evaluation: Assess the effectiveness of wildlife corridors in maintaining genetic diversity.
Climate Change and Wildlife: Study the impact of climate change on local wildlife populations.
Biodiversity Hotspots: Identify and protect biodiversity hotspots in your region.

Evolutionary Biology

Fossil Analysis: Analyze fossils to trace the evolution of a particular group of animals.
Comparative Embryology: Study the embryonic development of different species to identify evolutionary relationships.
Adaptive Radiation: Investigate instances of adaptive radiation in different animal groups.
Hybridization Studies: Examine hybridization between closely related species.
Vestigial Organs in Animals: Investigate the presence and function of vestigial organs in various animals.
Migration of Monarch Butterflies: Track the migration patterns of monarch butterflies.
Urban Wildlife Surveys: Study the adaptation of wildlife in urban environments.
Dolphin and Whale Watching: Observe and identify marine mammals off the coast.
Rainforest Canopy Exploration: Investigate the biodiversity in the rainforest canopy.
Herpetology: Reptile and Amphibian Surveys: Conduct surveys to document reptile and amphibian populations.
Effects of Pollution on Aquatic Life: Examine the impact of pollution on aquatic ecosystems.
Plant-Animal Mutualism Experiments: Study mutualistic relationships between plants and animals.
Animal Sensory Perception: Investigate the sensory perception of a specific animal.
Animal Respiration Rates: Measure the respiration rates of different animals.
Migratory Bird Navigation Experiments: Research how migratory birds navigate during their long journeys.

Genetics and Molecular Biology

DNA Barcoding: Use DNA barcoding to identify species and analyze genetic diversity.
Genetic Mapping of a Population: Create genetic maps to understand population genetics.
Gene Expression in Fish: Study gene expression in fish exposed to different environmental conditions.
Inheritance Patterns in Insects: Investigate Mendelian genetics in insect populations.
CRISPR-Cas9 in Model Organisms: Experiment with gene editing in model organisms.

Animal Physiology

Hibernation in Bears: Study the physiological adaptations of bears during hibernation.
Circulatory System of Birds: Explore the unique circulatory systems of birds.
Thermoregulation in Reptiles: Investigate how reptiles regulate their body temperature.
Neurobiology of Invertebrates: Study the nervous systems of invertebrates.
Endocrine System and Reproduction: Investigate hormonal regulation of reproduction in animals.

Human-Animal Interaction

Animal-Assisted Therapy: Examine the therapeutic benefits of interactions between animals and humans.
Zoos and Animal Welfare: Assess the welfare of animals in captivity at zoos.
Pet Behavior and Training: Study pet behavior and effective training methods.
Wildlife Rehabilitation: Participate in wildlife rehabilitation and release programs.
The Impact of Domestic Cats on Bird Populations: Research the effects of outdoor cats on local bird populations.

Wildlife Health and Disease

Parasite Ecology: Investigate the interactions between parasites and their host species.
Zoonotic Disease Transmission: Study diseases that can be transmitted between animals and humans.
Wildlife Vaccination Programs: Develop and assess vaccination programs for wildlife.
Behavioral Responses to Disease: Examine how animals change their behavior when infected.
Antibiotic Resistance in Wildlife: Investigate antibiotic resistance in wildlife populations.

Animal Nutrition and Diet

Feeding Preferences in Insects: Study the feeding preferences of different insect species.
Herbivore Digestive Systems: Investigate the digestive systems of herbivorous animals.
Feeding Strategies in Birds: Examine the feeding strategies of various bird species.
Predator-Prey Interactions: Observe and document predator-prey interactions in the wild.
Gut Microbiota in Animals: Study the role of gut microbiota in animal nutrition.

Reproductive Biology

Sexual Selection in Frogs: Investigate the role of sexual selection in frog mating behaviors.
Egg-Laying Patterns in Fish: Examine the timing and location of fish egg laying.
Mating Systems in Insects: Study the different mating systems found in insect populations.
Reproductive Strategies in Marine Invertebrates: Investigate the diversity of reproductive strategies in marine invertebrates.
Parental Care in Birds: Document and analyze parental care behaviors in bird species.

Animal Cognition and Intelligence

Problem-Solving in Mammals: Test the problem-solving abilities of mammals using puzzles and tasks.
Tool Use in Birds: Study instances of tool use in different bird species.
Memory in Insects: Investigate the memory capabilities of insects in learning tasks.
Social Learning in Primates: Observe how primates learn from social interactions.
Language and Communication in Animals: Examine communication and language use in animals, such as primates and dolphins.

Animal Adaptations

Camouflage in Reptiles: Explore the mechanisms of camouflage in reptiles.
Desert Adaptations in Mammals: Study how mammals adapt to arid desert environments.
Arctic Animal Adaptations: Investigate how Arctic animals survive in extreme cold conditions.
Amphibious Adaptations: Examine adaptations in animals that can live both on land and in water.
Aquatic Adaptations in Birds: Study adaptations in birds for aquatic lifestyles.

Animal Sounds and Communication

Bioacoustics in Bats: Analyze the echolocation calls and communication of bats.
Songbird Communication: Investigate the songs and calls of songbirds and their role in communication.
Whale Songs and Behavior: Study the songs and behaviors of whales, including humpback and killer whales.
Insect Sound Production: Explore the sounds produced by insects, such as crickets and cicadas.
Communication in Social Insects: Examine the chemical and tactile communication in social insects like ants and bees.

Endangered Species and Conservation

Conservation Breeding Programs: Participate in breeding programs for endangered species.
Habitat Restoration for Amphibians: Restore habitats for endangered amphibians.
Rhino Anti-Poaching Efforts: Work on anti-poaching initiatives to protect rhinoceros populations.
Monitoring Rare Bird Species: Conduct surveys to monitor and protect rare bird species.
Sea Turtle Nesting Beach Protection: Protect sea turtle nesting sites through conservation efforts.

Zoology in Art and Culture

Wildlife Photography Project: Create a portfolio of wildlife photographs.
Zoological Illustrations: Create artistic illustrations of various animal species.
Animal Symbolism in Mythology: Explore the cultural and symbolic significance of animals in myths and legends.
Animal-Inspired Fashion: Design fashion items inspired by animal patterns or characteristics.
Zoological Sculpture Exhibition: Create sculptures representing different animal species.

Paleontology and Fossils

Dinosaur Bone Excavation: Join a paleontological team to excavate dinosaur bones.
Fossil Preparation and Cleaning: Learn the techniques of fossil preparation.
Fossil Identification: Identify and catalog fossils in local rock formations.
Amber Inclusions Study: Examine ancient insects and organisms preserved in amber.
Trace Fossils and Footprints: Investigate trace fossils, including dinosaur footprints and burrows.

Animal Welfare and Ethics

Animal Welfare Legislation Analysis: Research and evaluate the effectiveness of animal welfare laws.
Rescue and Rehabilitation of Wildlife: Work with wildlife rehabilitation centers to care for injured or orphaned animals.
Animal Rights Advocacy: Engage in campaigns and advocacy for the rights and well-being of animals.
Ethical Considerations in Animal Research: Explore the ethical implications of scientific research involving animals.
Pet Overpopulation Solutions: Investigate and propose solutions to address pet overpopulation issues.

Zoology in Education

Zoology Educational Videos: Create educational videos about various aspects of zoology.
Animal Dissection Projects: Conduct dissection projects for educational purposes.
Zoology Museum Exhibits: Develop exhibits for a zoology museum or educational institution.
Interactive Wildlife Workshops: Organize workshops to teach students and the public about wildlife conservation.
Zoology Curriculum Development: Create a zoology curriculum for schools or educational programs.

Insect Biology

Insect Migration Patterns: Study the migration patterns of insects like monarch butterflies.
Insect-Plant Interactions: Investigate the mutualistic or parasitic relationships between insects and plants.
Ant Colony Behavior: Analyze the social structure and behavior of ant colonies.
Bee Foraging Behavior: Study the foraging behavior of bees and their impact on pollination.
Insect Flight Mechanics: Explore the physics and mechanics of insect flight.

Aquatic Biology

Coral Reef Health Assessment: Assess the health of coral reefs and their associated ecosystems.
Marine Ecosystem Food Webs: Investigate the food web dynamics in marine ecosystems.
Freshwater Fish Diversity: Survey and document the diversity of freshwater fish species in local rivers.
Microplastic Impact on Aquatic Life: Study the effects of microplastic pollution on aquatic organisms.
Estuarine Ecosystem Dynamics: Examine the ecological interactions in estuarine environments.

Ornithology

Raptor Migration Monitoring: Monitor and record the migrations of raptors, such as hawks and eagles.
Nesting and Breeding Behavior of Songbirds: Study the nesting behaviors and breeding success of songbirds.
Waterfowl Ecology: Investigate the ecology and migratory patterns of waterfowl.
Owl Diet Analysis: Analyze the diet of owls by examining their pellets and prey remains.
Penguin Behavior and Conservation: Research the behavior and conservation status of penguin species.
Bat Roosting and Behavior: Study bat roosting sites and their daily behavior.
Carnivore Predation Patterns: Investigate the hunting and predation patterns of carnivorous mammals.
Primate Social Structure: Observe and document the social structures of primate groups.
Rodent Ecology and Population Dynamics: Analyze the ecology and population fluctuations of local rodent species.
Marine Mammal Vocalizations: Research the vocalizations and communication of marine mammals.

Invertebrate Zoology

Jellyfish Blooms: Monitor and study jellyfish populations and their ecological impact.
Crustacean Molting Behavior: Investigate the molting process in crustaceans like crabs and lobsters.
Squid and Cephalopod Behavior: Study the behavior and intelligence of cephalopods.
Freshwater Snail Distribution: Survey the distribution of freshwater snail species in different aquatic habitats.
Mantis Shrimp Color Vision: Explore the remarkable color vision of mantis shrimp.

Zoology and Technology

Wildlife Tracking with GPS: Use GPS technology to track the movement and behavior of animals.
Camera Traps for Wildlife Monitoring: Set up camera traps to capture wildlife in their natural habitats.
Virtual Reality Zoology: Design educational VR experiences to explore the animal world.
Bioinformatics and Genomic Analysis: Apply bioinformatics tools to analyze genetic data.
3D Printing of Animal Models: Create 3D-printed models of different animal species for educational purposes.

Plant and Animal Interactions

Pollinator Gardens: Design and maintain a garden to attract and support pollinators.
Seed Dispersal Mechanisms: Investigate the various methods plants use to disperse their seeds.
Ant-Plant Mutualisms: Study the mutualistic relationships between ants and certain plant species.
Herbivore-Induced Plant Defenses: Analyze how plants respond to herbivore attacks.
Parasitic Plants and Their Hosts: Explore the interactions between parasitic plants and their host species.
Butterfly Garden Project: Create a garden to attract and observe various butterfly species.
Aquatic Insect Communities: Study the diversity of aquatic insects in streams and rivers.
Insect Biocontrol: Investigate the use of beneficial insects for pest control in agriculture.
Firefly Behavior and Synchronization: Research the behavior and synchronization of fireflies.
Insect Pollinators and Crop Yield: Examine the role of insect pollinators in crop production.

Amphibians and Reptiles

Amphibian Chytrid Fungus Research: Study the chytrid fungus and its impact on amphibian populations.
Reptile Coloration and Camouflage: Investigate the coloration and camouflage strategies of reptiles.
Amphibian Vocalizations: Record and analyze the calls of frogs and toads.
Reptile Diversity in Different Habitats: Document the reptile species found in various ecosystems.
Salamander Migration Patterns: Track the migration patterns of salamanders in your region.

Human Impact on Wildlife

Roadkill and Wildlife Mortality: Analyze the impact of roads on wildlife mortality.
Urbanization and Bird Nesting Success: Study how urban environments affect bird nesting success.
Noise Pollution and Bird Communication: Investigate the effects of noise pollution on bird communication.
Light Pollution and Nocturnal Animals: Explore how artificial light impacts nocturnal wildlife .
Hunting and Wildlife Population Management: Research the effects of hunting on wildlife populations.

How to Get Started With Zoology Project Ideas?

Once you’ve chosen your project, it’s time to get started:

Define Your Research Question or Objective: Clearly define what you want to investigate or achieve with your project.
Create a Research Plan and Timeline: Outline the steps, set milestones, and establish a realistic timeline for your project.
Gather Necessary Equipment and Materials: Ensure you have all the tools and resources required for your research.
Seek Guidance from Professors or Experts: Consult with mentors, professors, or experts in the field to refine your project plan and methodology.

Executing Your Zoology Project

With your project plan in place, you can now proceed with the research:

Data Collection and Recording: Accurately record your observations, measurements, and data.
Data Analysis and Interpretation: Analyze your findings and draw meaningful conclusions.
Troubleshooting and Adapting: Be prepared to encounter challenges and adapt your methods if necessary.
Documenting Your Findings: Keep a detailed journal or lab notebook, ensuring your findings are well-documented.

Tips for Success Zoology Projects

Here are some valuable tips to ensure your zoology project is a success:

Stay Organized: Maintain meticulous records, and organize your data and materials.
Collaborate with Peers or Experts: Collaborative efforts often lead to better results and innovative ideas.
Keep a Detailed Journal: Document your progress, thoughts, and setbacks in a journal.
Be Patient and Persistent: Research can be challenging, so remain patient and persistent in your pursuits.

Examples of Successful Zoology Projects

Let’s take a look at a few examples of remarkable zoology projects:

Case Study 1: Understanding Bird Migration

A student conducts a year-long study on the migratory patterns of a specific bird species, revealing new information about their routes and behaviors.

Case Study 2: The Genetic Diversity of Frogs

Another student investigates the genetic diversity of local frog populations, contributing to conservation efforts.

Case Study 3: Coral Reefs and Climate Change

A team of researchers studies the impact of climate change on coral reefs, offering insights into their resilience and vulnerability.

Zoology projects offer an exciting way to explore the animal kingdom and contribute to scientific knowledge. By choosing the right zoology project ideas, diligently executing your research, and effectively sharing your findings, you can make a meaningful impact in the field of zoology. The world of animals is waiting to be discovered, and you can be at the forefront of this exploration.

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45+ Veterinary Dissertation Topics

Published by Owen Ingram at January 2nd, 2023 , Revised On May 3, 2024

Veterinary medicine is a broad area of study, so there are many potential issues you can base your dissertation or thesis on. You may want to consider veterinary science comparable to human health care, such as laboratory animal medicine, animal welfare, and law so that you can come up with an impactful veterinary dissertation topic.

Choose an interesting but focused research topic that enables you to contribute to your field of study. Choosing a topic for a paper or dissertation is one of the most crucial decisions students must make. So, avoid writing about an idea that is so narrow that you end up having no academic sources to use in the res earch.

Veterinary Dissertation Topics and Ideas

Animals used for fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC)
Necropsy’s significance in veterinary medicine
The value of veterinarians to the retail industry
Examination of contemporary pet vaccinations
Why not crocodiles or zebras? – investigating contemporary quirks in pet selection
Investigating the components of natural animal feeds as the pet food business transitions to natural
Rural locations with poor veterinary care: cause and remedies
Fear or the dominance theory? – investigating the behavioural issues with dogs
The best remedies for thunderstorm anxiety
Why do the majority of pets have this phobia? Is it treatable?
Is it a myth that animals act poorly because they want to rule the pack?
Why do owners of sick animals need to be on guard?
Environmental influences on chickens’ egg-laying productivity
When do some chickens produce more eggs than others? What are the ideal circumstances to maintain their high levels of productivity?
Cardiovascular changes in canine leishmaniasis
Relevant clinical alterations in breast cancer in stage 3 females
Cancer patients’ nutritional needs and metabolic changes are managed
Review of the literature on alternative methods for treating canine atopic dermatitis
Analysis of the primary epidemiological traits present in a buck with a breast tumour
Cost-benefit analysis of supplemental mineral feeding to beef cattle
Little ones frequently experience heart disorders
Breast cancer reconstruction procedures for female dogs and cats
Laws and public education about animal abuse
An outline of the veterinary nurse’s responsibility in stopping owner maltreatment of animals
Following surgery, the animals get rehabilitation
What part does the veterinary nurse play in addressing the psychological effects of animal abuse? Is there any way to make it better?
Illnesses that are extremely contagious and harm domestic animals
Veterinary students are taught about public health as part of their training
Treatment of sporty horses with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications
Effectiveness of homoeopathic medication in controlling ticks in dairy cattle
A case study of bitches treated at the university veterinary hospital for breast cancer
Study of sporotrichosis and visceral leishmaniasis notifications in the CCZ
Investigation of the anaesthesia procedure death rate in tiny animals undergoing surgery
Ways to improve how domestic animals are treated in the public network
The significance of electrocardiography in dogs before surgery
Neoplasms in an animal’s reproductive system
The relevance of veterinarians in meeting retail needs
Factors affecting milk quality in family farm settings
As a technique for sustainability in agriculture, rotated grazing
Prevalence of breast cancers in women and examination of their clinical and epidemiological features
Cigarette carcinogens bring on principal tumours in dogs and cats
Carcinogen-related cancer types manifested in dogs and cats exposed to smoke
Gentamicin intramammary therapy in lactating cows with clinical and subclinical mastitis
Aloe vera and arnica Montana as natural remedies for horse pythiosis
Examine the veterinary nursing policies and practices of various nations and any potential working circumstances for nurses there
An Investigation on how changing climate patterns affect the distribution of animal diseases and the practice of veterinary medicine.
An Analysis of different approaches to prevent and control zoonotic diseases in animals and humans
Exploring recent advancements in surgical techniques for veterinary procedures
Examining the relationship between animal behaviour, welfare, and veterinary care and proposing strategies to improve the well-being of animals in clinical settings.
Investigating the development of new drugs for veterinary use
The concept of One Health and its application in managing complex health issues at the intersection of human and animal health
Study newly emerging infectious diseases in animals and implications for veterinary practice and public health.
A Comparative study on different diagnostic imaging techniques used in veterinary medicine
The effectiveness of veterinary education and training programs in preparing graduates for professional practice

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These topics will help you get motivated to start working on your dissertation. You should also check out our list of biology dissertation topics for more inspiration.

If the topic you choose is interesting and reflects your passion for the subject, it will be much easier for you to complete the dissertation in due time. However, if you face difficulties due to lack of knowledge, time or any other reason, now is the time to use our professional dissertation services ! Hiring a professional writer can help you achieve your desired academic grade from the comfort of your bed.

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Frequently Asked Questions

How to find veterinary dissertation topics.

To find veterinary dissertation topics:

Investigate emerging animal health issues.
Explore gaps in current research.
Consider ethical concerns.
Review recent advancements.
Consult experts and faculty.
Select a topic aligning with your passion and career aspirations.

Animal Studies and School Project Ideas

From Science Fair Project Ideas on Mammals to Experiments About Insects

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Cell Biology
Weather & Climate
B.A., Biology, Emory University
A.S., Nursing, Chattahoochee Technical College

Animal research is important for understanding various biological processes in animals , humans included. Scientists study animals in order to learn ways for improving their agricultural health, our methods of wildlife preservation, and even the potential for human companionship. These studies also take advantage of certain animal and human similarities to discover new methods for improving human health.

Learning From Animals

Researching animals to improve human health is possible because animal behavior experiments study disease development and transmission as well as animal viruses . Both of these fields of study help researchers to understand how disease interacts between and within animals.

We can also learn about humans by observing normal and abnormal behavior in non-human animals, or behavioral studies. The following animal project ideas help to introduce animal behavioral study in many different species. Be sure to get permission from your instructor before beginning any animal science projects or behavioral experiments, as some science fairs prohibit these. Select a single species of animal to study from each subset, if not specified, for best results.

Amphibian and Fish Project Ideas

Does temperature affect tadpole growth?
Do water pH levels affect tadpole growth?
Does water temperature affect amphibian respiration?
Does magnetism affect limb regeneration in newts?
Does water temperature affect fish color?
Does the size of a population of fish affect individual growth?
Does music affect fish activity?
Does the amount of light affect fish activity?

Bird Project Ideas

What species of plants attract hummingbirds?
How does temperature affect bird migration patterns?
What factors increase egg production?
Do different bird species prefer different colors of birdseed?
Do birds prefer to eat in a group or alone?
Do birds prefer one type of habitat over another?
How does deforestation affect bird nesting?
How do birds interact with manmade structures?
Can birds be taught to sing a certain tune?

Insect Project Ideas

How does temperature affect the growth of butterflies?
How does light affect ants?
Do different colors attract or repel insects?
How does air pollution affect insects?
How do insects adapt to pesticides?
Do magnetic fields affect insects?
Does soil acidity affect insects?
Do insects prefer the food of a certain color?
Do insects behave differently in populations of different sizes?
What factors cause crickets to chirp more often?
What substances do mosquitoes find attractive or repellent?

Mammal Project Ideas

Does light variation affect mammal sleep habits?
Do cats or dogs have better night vision?
Does music affect an animal's mood?
Do bird sounds affect cat behavior?
Which mammal sense has the greatest effect on short-term memory?
Does dog saliva have antimicrobial properties?
Does colored water affect mammal drinking habits?
What factors influence how many hours a cat sleeps in a day?

Science Experiments and Models

Performing science experiments and constructing models are fun and exciting ways to learn about science and supplement studies. Try making a model of the lungs or a DNA model using candy for these animal experiments.

Can Animals Sense Natural Disasters?
23 Plant Experiment Ideas
Life and Contributions of Robert Koch, Founder of Modern Bacteriology
The Fastest Animals on the Planet
The Best and Worst Fathers in the Animal Kingdom
10 of the World's Scariest-Looking Animals
Slowest Animals on the Planet
Is Spontaneous Generation Real?
Animal Viruses
Why Some Animals Play Dead
Carnivorous Plants
Fascinating Animal Facts
Animals That Mimic Leaves
Common Animal Questions and Answers
Biology of Invertebrate Chordates
What Is Phylogeny?

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Biology Research Topics

Are you in need of captivating and achievable research topics within the field of biology? Your quest for the best biology topics ends right here as this article furnishes you with 100 distinctive and original concepts for biology research, laying the groundwork for your research endeavor.

Table of Contents

Our proficient researchers have thoughtfully curated these biology research themes, considering the substantial body of literature accessible and the prevailing gaps in research.

Should none of these topics elicit enthusiasm, our specialists are equally capable of proposing tailor-made research ideas in biology, finely tuned to cater to your requirements.

Thus, without further delay, we present our compilation of biology research topics crafted to accommodate students and researchers.

Research Topics in Marine Biology

Impact of climate change on coral reef ecosystems.
Biodiversity and adaptation of deep-sea organisms.
Effects of pollution on marine life and ecosystems.
Role of marine protected areas in conserving biodiversity.
Microplastics in marine environments: sources, impacts, and mitigation.

Biological Anthropology Research Topics

Evolutionary implications of early human migration patterns.
Genetic and environmental factors influencing human height variation.
Cultural evolution and its impact on human societies.
Paleoanthropological insights into human dietary adaptations.
Genetic diversity and population history of indigenous communities.

Biological Psychology Research Topics

Neurobiological basis of addiction and its treatment.
Impact of stress on brain structure and function.
Genetic and environmental influences on mental health disorders.
Neural mechanisms underlying emotions and emotional regulation.
Role of the gut-brain axis in psychological well-being.

Cancer Biology Research Topics

Targeted therapies in precision cancer medicine.
Tumor microenvironment and its influence on cancer progression.
Epigenetic modifications in cancer development and therapy.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors and their role in cancer immunotherapy.
Early detection and diagnosis strategies for various types of cancer.

Cell Biology Research Topics

Mechanisms of autophagy and its implications in health and disease.
Intracellular transport and organelle dynamics in cell function.
Role of cell signaling pathways in cellular response to external stimuli.
Cell cycle regulation and its relevance to cancer development.
Cellular mechanisms of apoptosis and programmed cell death.

Developmental Biology Research Topics

Genetic and molecular basis of limb development in vertebrates.
Evolution of embryonic development and its impact on morphological diversity.
Stem cell therapy and regenerative medicine approaches.
Mechanisms of organogenesis and tissue regeneration in animals.
Role of non-coding RNAs in developmental processes.

Human Biology Research Topics

Genetic factors influencing susceptibility to infectious diseases.
Human microbiome and its impact on health and disease.
Genetic basis of rare and common human diseases.
Genetic and environmental factors contributing to aging.
Impact of lifestyle and diet on human health and longevity.

Molecular Biology Research Topics

CRISPR-Cas gene editing technology and its applications.
Non-coding RNAs as regulators of gene expression.
Role of epigenetics in gene regulation and disease.
Mechanisms of DNA repair and genome stability.
Molecular basis of cellular metabolism and energy production.

Research Topics in Biology for Undergraduates

41. Investigating the effects of pollutants on local plant species.
Microbial diversity and ecosystem functioning in a specific habitat.
Understanding the genetics of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.
Impact of urbanization on bird populations and biodiversity.
Investigating the role of pheromones in insect communication.

Synthetic Biology Research Topics

Design and construction of synthetic biological circuits.
Synthetic biology applications in biofuel production.
Ethical considerations in synthetic biology research and applications.
Synthetic biology approaches to engineering novel enzymes.
Creating synthetic organisms with modified functions and capabilities.

Animal Biology Research Topics

Evolution of mating behaviors in animal species.
Genetic basis of color variation in butterfly wings.
Impact of habitat fragmentation on amphibian populations.
Behavior and communication in social insect colonies.
Adaptations of marine mammals to aquatic environments.

Best Biology Research Topics

Unraveling the mysteries of circadian rhythms in organisms.
Investigating the ecological significance of cryptic coloration.
Evolution of venomous animals and their prey.
The role of endosymbiosis in the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Exploring the potential of extremophiles in biotechnology.

Biological Psychology Research Paper Topics

Neurobiological mechanisms underlying memory formation.
Impact of sleep disorders on cognitive function and mental health.
Biological basis of personality traits and behavior.
Neural correlates of emotions and emotional disorders.
Role of neuroplasticity in brain recovery after injury.

Biological Science Research Topics:

Role of gut microbiota in immune system development.
Molecular mechanisms of gene regulation during development.
Impact of climate change on insect population dynamics.
Genetic basis of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s.
Evolutionary relationships among vertebrate species based on DNA analysis.

Biology Education Research Topics

Effectiveness of inquiry-based learning in biology classrooms.
Assessing the impact of virtual labs on student understanding of biology concepts.
Gender disparities in science education and strategies for closing the gap.
Role of outdoor education in enhancing students’ ecological awareness.
Integrating technology in biology education: challenges and opportunities.

Biology-Related Research Topics

The intersection of ecology and economics in conservation planning.
Molecular basis of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria.
Implications of genetic modification of crops for food security.
Evolutionary perspectives on cooperation and altruism in animal behavior.
Environmental impacts of genetically modified organisms (GMOs).

Biology Research Proposal Topics

Investigating the role of microRNAs in cancer progression.
Exploring the effects of pollution on aquatic biodiversity.
Developing a gene therapy approach for a genetic disorder.
Assessing the potential of natural compounds as anti-inflammatory agents.
Studying the molecular basis of cellular senescence and aging.

Biology Research Topic Ideas

Role of pheromones in insect mate selection and behavior.
Investigating the molecular basis of neurodevelopmental disorders.
Impact of climate change on plant-pollinator interactions.
Genetic diversity and conservation of endangered species.
Evolutionary patterns in mimicry and camouflage in organisms.

Biology Research Topics for Undergraduates

Effects of different fertilizers on plant growth and soil health.
Investigating the biodiversity of a local freshwater ecosystem.
Evolutionary origins of a specific animal adaptation.
Genetic diversity and disease susceptibility in human populations.
Role of specific genes in regulating the immune response.

Cell and Molecular Biology Research Topics

Molecular mechanisms of DNA replication and repair.
Role of microRNAs in post-transcriptional gene regulation.
Investigating the cell cycle and its control mechanisms.
Molecular basis of mitochondrial diseases and therapies.
Cellular responses to oxidative stress and their implications in ageing.

These topics cover a broad range of subjects within biology, offering plenty of options for research projects. Remember that you can further refine these topics based on your specific interests and research goals.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are some good research topics in biology?

A good research topic in biology will address a specific problem in any of the several areas of biology, such as marine biology, molecular biology, cellular biology, animal biology, or cancer biology.

A topic that enables you to investigate a problem in any area of biology will help you make a meaningful contribution.

How to choose a research topic in biology?

Choosing a research topic in biology is simple.

Follow the steps:

Generate potential topics.
Consider your areas of knowledge and personal passions.
Conduct a thorough review of existing literature.
Evaluate the practicality and viability.
Narrow down and refine your research query.
Remain receptive to new ideas and suggestions.

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For several years, Research Prospect has been offering students around the globe complimentary research topic suggestions. We aim to assist students in choosing a research topic that is both suitable and feasible for their project, leading to the attainment of their desired grades. Explore how our services, including research proposal writing , dissertation outline creation, and comprehensive thesis writing , can contribute to your college’s success.

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Open Access

Essays articulate a specific perspective on a topic of broad interest to scientists.

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A guide to open science practices for animal research

Contributed equally to this work with: Kai Diederich, Kathrin Schmitt

Affiliation German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), Berlin, Germany

* E-mail: [email protected]

Kai Diederich,
Kathrin Schmitt,
Philipp Schwedhelm,
Bettina Bert,
Céline Heinl

Published: September 15, 2022

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001810
Reader Comments

Translational biomedical research relies on animal experiments and provides the underlying proof of practice for clinical trials, which places an increased duty of care on translational researchers to derive the maximum possible output from every experiment performed. The implementation of open science practices has the potential to initiate a change in research culture that could improve the transparency and quality of translational research in general, as well as increasing the audience and scientific reach of published research. However, open science has become a buzzword in the scientific community that can often miss mark when it comes to practical implementation. In this Essay, we provide a guide to open science practices that can be applied throughout the research process, from study design, through data collection and analysis, to publication and dissemination, to help scientists improve the transparency and quality of their work. As open science practices continue to evolve, we also provide an online toolbox of resources that we will update continually.

Citation: Diederich K, Schmitt K, Schwedhelm P, Bert B, Heinl C (2022) A guide to open science practices for animal research. PLoS Biol 20(9): e3001810. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001810

Copyright: © 2022 Diederich et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Funding: The authors received no specific funding for this work.

Competing interests: I have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: All authors are employed at the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment and part of the German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R) which developed and hosts animalstudyregistry.org , a preregistration platform for animal studies and animaltestinfo.de, a database for non-technical project summaries (NTS) of approved animal study protocols within Germany.

Abbreviations: CC, Creative Commons; CIRS-LAS, critical incident reporting system in laboratory animal science; COVID-19, Coronavirus Disease 2019; DOAJ, Directory of Open Access Journals; DOI, digital object identifier; EDA, Experimental Design Assistant; ELN, electronic laboratory notebook; EU, European Union; IMSR, International Mouse Strain Resource; JISC, Joint Information Systems Committee; LIMS, laboratory information management system; MGI, Mouse Genome Informatics; NC3Rs, National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research; NTS, non-technical summary; RRID, Research Resource Identifier

Introduction

Over the past decade, the quality of published scientific literature has been repeatedly called into question by the failure of large replication studies or meta-analyses to demonstrate sufficient translation from experimental research into clinical successes [ 1 – 5 ]. At the same time, the open science movement has gained more and more advocates across various research areas. By sharing all of the information collected during the research process with colleagues and with the public, scientists can improve collaborations within their field and increase the reproducibility and trustworthiness of their work [ 6 ]. Thus, the International Reproducibility Networks have called for more open research [ 7 ].

However, open science practices have not been adopted to the same degree in all research areas. In psychology, which was strongly affected by the so-called reproducibility crisis, the open science movement initiated real practical changes leading to a broad implementation of practices such as preregistration or sharing of data and material [ 8 – 10 ]. By contrast, biomedical research is still lagging behind. Open science might be of high value for research in general, but in translational biomedical research, it is an ethical obligation. It is the responsibility of the scientist to transparently share all data collected to ensure that clinical research can adequately evaluate the risks and benefits of a potential treatment. When Russell and Burch published “The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique” in 1959, scientists started to implement their 3Rs principle to answer the ethical dilemma of animal welfare in the face of scientific progress [ 11 ]. By replacing animal experiments wherever possible, reducing the number of animals to a strict minimum, and refining the procedures where animals have still to be used, this ethical dilemma was addressed. However, in recent years, whether the 3Rs principle is sufficient to fully address ethical concerns about animal experiments has been questioned [ 12 ].

Most people tolerate the use of animals for scientific purposes only under the basic assumption that the knowledge gained will advance research in crucial areas. This implies that performed experiments are reported in a way that enables peers to benefit from the collected data. However, recent studies suggest that a large proportion of animal experiments are never actually published. For example, scientists working within the European Union (EU) have to write an animal study protocol for approval by the competent authorities of the respective country before performing an animal experiment [ 13 ]. In these protocols, scientists have to describe the planned study and justify every animal required for the project. By searching for publications resulting from approved animal study protocols from 2 German University Medical Centers, Wieschowski and colleagues found that only 53% of approved protocols led to a publication after 6 years [ 14 ]. Using a similar approach, Van der Naald and colleagues determined a publication rate of 60% at the Utrecht Medical Center [ 15 ]. In a follow-up survey, the respective researchers named so-called “negative” or null-hypothesis results as the main cause for not publishing outcomes [ 15 ]. The current scientific system is shaped by publishers, funders, and institutions and motivates scientists to publish novel, surprising, and positive results, revealing one of the many structural problems that the numerous efforts towards open science initiatives are targeting. Non-publication not only strongly contradicts ethical values, but also it compromises the quality of published literature by leading to overestimation of effect sizes [ 16 , 17 ]. Furthermore, publications of animal studies too often show poor reporting that strongly impairs the reproducibility, validity, and usefulness of the results [ 18 ]. Unfortunately, the idea that negative or equivocal findings can also contribute to the gain of scientific knowledge is frequently neglected.

So far, the scientific community using animals has shown limited resonance to the open science movement. Due to the strong controversy surrounding animal experiments, scientists have been reluctant to share information on the topic. Additionally, translational research is highly competitive and researchers tend to be secretive about their ideas until they are ready for publication or patent [ 19 , 20 ]. However, this missing openness could also point to a lack of knowledge and training on the many open science options that are available and suitable for animal research. Researchers have to be convinced of the benefits of open science practices, not only for science in general, but also for the individual researcher and each single animal. Yet, the key players in the research system are already starting to value open science practices. An increasing number of journals request open sharing of data, funders pay for open access publications and institutions consider open science practices in hiring decisions. Open science practices can improve the quality of work by enabling valuable scientific input from peers at the early stages of research projects. Furthermore, the extended communication that open science practices offer can draw attention to research and help to expand networks of collaborators and lead to new project opportunities or follow-up positions. Thus, open science practices can be a driver for careers in academia, particularly those of early career researchers.

Beyond these personal benefits, improving transparency in translational biomedical research can boost scientific progress in general. By bringing to light all the recorded research outputs that until now have remained hidden, the publication bias and the overestimation of effect sizes can be reduced [ 17 ]. Large-scale sharing of data can help to synthesize research outputs in preclinical research that will enable better decision-making for clinical research. Disclosing the whole research process will help to uncover systematic problems and support scientists in thoroughly planning their studies. In the long run, we predict that the implementation of open science practices will lead to the use of fewer animals in unintentionally repeated experiments that previously showed unreported negative results or in the establishment of methods by avoiding experimental dead ends that are often not published. More collaborations and sharing of materials and methods can further reduce the number of animal experiments used for the implementation of new techniques.

Open science can and should be implemented at each step of the research process ( Fig 1 ). A vast number of tools are already provided that were either directly conceptualized for animal research or can be adapted easily. In this Essay, we provide an overview of open science tools that improve transparency, reliability, and animal welfare in translational in vivo biomedical research by supporting scientists to clearly communicate their research and by supporting collaborative working. Table 1 lists the most prominent open science tools we discuss, together with their respective links. We have structured this Essay to guide you through which tools can be used at each stage of the research process, from planning and conducting experiments, through to analyzing data and communicating the results. However, many of these tools can be used at many different steps. Table 1 has been deposited on Zenodo and will be updated continuously [ 21 ].

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Application of open science practices at each step of the research process can maximize the impact of performed animal experiments. The implementation of these practices will lead to less time pressure at the end of a project. Due to the connection of most of these open science practices, spending more time in the planning phase and during the conduction of experiments will save time during the data analysis and publication of the study. Indeed, consulting reporting guidelines early on, preregistering a statistical plan, and writing down crucial experimental details in an electronic lab notebook, will strongly accelerate the writing of a manuscript. If protocols or even electronic lab notebooks were made public, just citing these would simplify the writing of publications. Similarly, if a data management plan is well designed before starting data collection, analyzing, and depositing data in a public repository, as is increasingly required, will be fast. NTS, non-technical summary.

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001810.g001

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001810.t001

Planning the study

Transparent practices can be adopted at every stage of the research process. However, to ensure full effectivity, it is highly recommended to engage in detailed planning before the start of the experiment. This can prevent valuable time from being lost at the end of the study due to careless decisions being made at the beginning. Clarifying data management at the start of a project can help avoiding filing chaos that can be very time consuming to untangle. Keeping clear track of a project and study design will also help if new colleagues are included later on in the project or if entire project parts are handed over. In addition, all texts written on the rationale and hypothesis of the study or method descriptions, or design schemes created during the planning phase can be used in the final publications ( Fig 1 ). Similarly, information required for preregistration of animal studies or for reporting according to the ARRIVE guidelines are an extension of the details required for ethical approval [ 22 , 23 ]. Thus, the time burden within the planning phase is often overestimated. Furthermore, the thorough planning of experiments can avoid the unnecessary use of animals by preventing wrong avenues from being pursued.

Implementing open scientific practices at the beginning of a project does not mean that the idea and study plan must be shared immediately, but rather is critical for making the entire workflow transparent at the end of the project. However, optional early sharing of information can enable peers to give feedback on the study plan. Studies potentially benefit more from this a priori input than they would from the classical a posteriori peer-review process.

Most people perceive guidelines as advice that instructs on how to do something. However, it is sometimes useful to consider the term in its original meaning; “the line that guides us”. In this sense, following guidelines is not simply fulfilling a duty, but is a process that can help to design a sound research study and, as such, guidelines should be consulted at the planning stage of a project. The PREPARE guidelines are a list of important points that should be thought-out before starting a study involving animal experiments in order to reduce the waste of animals, promote alternatives, and increase the reproducibility of research and testing [ 24 ]. The PREPARE checklist helps to thoroughly plan a study and focuses on improving the communication and collaboration between all involved participants of the study (i.e., animal caretakers and scientists). Indeed, open science begins with the communication within a research facility. It is currently available in 33 languages and the responsible team from Norecopa, Norway’s 3R-center, takes requests for translations into further languages.

The UK Reproducibility Network has also published several guiding documents (primers) on important topics for open and reproducible science. These address issues such as data sharing [ 25 ], open access [ 26 ], open code and software [ 27 ], and preprints [ 28 ], as well as preregistration and registered reports [ 27 ]. Consultation of these primers is not only helpful in the relevant phases of the experiment but is also encouraged in the planning phase.

Although the ARRIVE guidelines are primarily a reporting guideline specifically designed for preparing a publication containing animal data, they can also support researchers when planning their experiments [ 22 , 23 ]. Going through the ARRIVE website, researchers will find tools and explanations that can support them in planning their experiments [ 29 ]. Consulting the ARRIVE checklist at the beginning of a project can help in deciding what details need to be documented during conduction of the experiments. This is particularly advisable, given that compliance to ARRIVE is still poor [ 18 ].

Experimental design

To maximize the validity of performed experiments and the knowledge gained, designing the study well is crucial. It is important that the chosen animal species reflects the investigated disease well and that basic characteristics of the animal, such as sex or age, are considered carefully [ 30 ]. The Canadian Institutes of Health Research provides a collection of resources on the integration of sex and gender in biomedical research with animals, including tips and tools for researchers and reviewers [ 31 ]. Additionally, it is advisable to avoid unnecessary standardization of biological and environmental factors that can reduce the external validity of results [ 32 ]. Meticulous statistical planning can further optimize the use of animals. Free to use online tools for calculating sample sizes such as G*Power or the inVivo software package for R can further support animal researchers in designing their statistical plan [ 33 , 34 ]. Randomization for the allocation of groups can be supported with specific tools for scientists like Research Randomizer, but also by simple online random number generators [ 35 ]. Furthermore, it might be advisable when designing the study to incorporate pathological analyses into the experimental plan. Optimal planning of tissue collection, performance of pathological procedures according to accepted best practices, and use of optimal pathological analysis and reporting methods can add some extra knowledge that would otherwise be lost. This can improve the reproducibility and quality of translational biomedicine, especially, but not exclusively, in animal studies with morphological endpoints. In all animal studies, unexpected deaths in experimental animals can occur and be the cause of lost data or missed opportunities to identify health problems [ 36 , 37 ].

To support researchers in designing their animal research, the National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs) has also developed the Experimental Design Assistant (EDA) [ 38 , 39 ]. This online tool helps researchers to better structure in vivo research by creating detailed schemes of the study design. It provides feedback on the entered design, drawing researcher’s attention to crucial decisions in the project. The resulting schemes can be used to transparently share the study design by uploading it into a study preregistration, enclosing it in a grant application, or submitting it with a final manuscript. The EDA can be used for different study designs in diverse scenarios and helps to communicate researcher plans to others [ 40 ]. The EDA might be particularly of interest to clarify very complex study designs involving multiple experimental groups. Working with the EDA might appear rather complex in the beginning, but the NC3R provides regular webinars that can help to answer any questions that arise.

Preregistration

Preregistration is an effective tool to improve the quality and transparency of research. To preregister their work, scientists must determine crucial details of the study before starting any experiment. Changes occurring during a study can be outlined at the end. A preregistered study plan should include at least the hypothesis and determine all the parameters that are known in advance. A description of the planned study design and statistical analysis will enable reviewers and peers to better retrace the workflow. It can prevent the intentional use of the flexibility of analysis to reach p -values under a certain significance level (e.g., p-hacking or HARKing (Hypothesizing After Results are Known)). With preregistration, scientists can also claim their idea at an early stage of their research with a citable individual identifier that labels the idea as their own. Some open preregistration platforms also provide a digital object identifier (DOI), which makes the registered study citable. Three public registries actively encourage the preregistration of animal studies conducted around the world: OSF registry, preclinicaltrials.eu, and animalstudyregistry.org [ 41 – 45 ]. Scientists can choose the registry according to their needs. Preregistering a study in a public registry supports scientists in planning their study and later to critically reevaluate their own work and assess its limitations and potentials.

As an alternative to public registries, researchers can also submit their study plan to one of hundreds of journals already publishing registered reports, including many journals open to animal research [ 8 ]. A submitted registered report passes 2 steps of peer review. In the first step, reviewers comment on the idea and the study design. After an “in-principle-acceptance,” researchers can conduct their study as planned. If the authors conduct the experiments as described in the accepted study protocol, the journal will publish the final study regardless of the outcome. This might be an attractive option, especially for early career researchers, as a manuscript is published at the beginning of a project with the guarantee of a future final publication.

The benefits of preregistration can already be observed in clinical research, where registration has been mandatory for most trials for more than 20 years. Preregistration in clinical research has helped to make known what has been tested and not just what worked and was published, and the implementation of trial registration has strongly reduced the number of publications reporting significant treatment effects [ 46 ]. In animal research, with its unrealistically high percentage of positive results, preregistration seems to be particularly worthwhile.

Research data management

To get the most out of performed animal experiments, effective sharing of data at the end of the study is essential. Sharing research data optimally is complex and needs to be prepared in advance. Thus, data management can be seen as one part of planning a study thoroughly. Many funders have recognized the value of the original research data and request a data management plan from applicants in advance [ 25 , 47 ]. Various freely available tools such as DMPTool or DMPonline already exist to design a research data management plan that complies to the requirements of different funders [ 48 , 49 ]. The data management plan defines the types of data collected and describes the handling and names responsible persons throughout the data lifecycle. This includes collecting the data, analyzing, archiving, and sharing it. Finally, a data management plan enables long-term access and the possibility for reuse by peers. Developing such a plan, whether it is required by funders or not, will later simplify the application of the FAIR data principle (see section on the FAIR data principle). The Longwood Medical Area Research Data Management Working Group from the Harvard Medical School developed a checklist to assist researchers in optimally managing their data throughout the data lifecycle [ 50 ]. Similarly, the Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC) provides a great research data management toolkit including a checklist for researchers planning their project [ 51 ]. Consulting this checklist in the planning phase of a project can prevent common errors in research data management.

Non-technical project summary

One instrument specifically conceived to create transparency on animal research for the general public is the so-called non-technical project summary (NTS). All animal protocols approved within the EU must be accompanied by these comprehensible summaries. NTSs are intended to inform the public about ongoing animal experiments. They are anonymous and include information on the objectives and potential benefits of the project, the expected harm, the number of animals, the species, and a statement of compliance with the requirements of the 3Rs principle. However, beyond simply informing the public, NTSs can also be used for meta-research to help identify new research areas with an increased need for new 3R technologies [ 52 , 53 ]. NTSs become an excellent tool to appropriately communicate the scientific value of the approved protocol and for meta-scientists to generate added value by systematically analyzing theses summaries if they fulfill a minimum quality threshold [ 54 , 55 ]. In 2021, the EU launched the ALURES platform ( Table 1 ), where NTSs from all member states are published together, opening the opportunities for EU-wide meta-research. NTSs are, in contrast to other open science practices, mandatory in the EU. However, instead of thinking of them as an annoying duty, it might be worth thoroughly drafting the NTS to support the goals of more transparency towards the public, enabling an open dialogue and reducing extreme opinions.

Conducting the experiments

Once the experiments begin, documentation of all necessary details is essential to ensure the transparency of the workflow. This includes methodological details that are crucial for replicating experiments, but also failed attempts that could help peers to avoid experiments that do not work in the future. All information should be stored in such a way that it can be found easily and shared later. In this area, many new tools have emerged in recent years ( Table 1 ). These tools will not only make research transparent for colleagues, but also help to keep track of one’s own research and improve internal collaboration.

Electronic laboratory notebooks

Electronic laboratory notebooks (ELNs) are an important pillar of research data management and open science. ELNs facilitate the structured and harmonized documentation of the data generation workflow, ensure data integrity, and keep track of all modifications made to the original data based on an audit trail option. Moreover, ELNs simplify the sharing of data and support collaborations within and outside the research group. Methodological details and research data become searchable and traceable. There is an extensive amount of literature providing advice on the selection and the implementation process of an ELN depending on the specific needs and research area and its discussion would be beyond the scope of this Essay [ 56 – 58 ]. Some ELNs are connected to a laboratory information management system (LIMS) that provides an animal module supporting the tracking of animal details [ 59 ]. But as research involving animals is highly heterogeneous, this might not be the only decision point and we cannot recommend a specific ELN that is suitable for all animal research.

ELNs are already established in the pharmaceutical industry and their use is on the rise among academics as well. However, due to concerns around costs for licenses, data security, and loss of flexibility, many research institutions still fear the expenses that the introduction of such a system would incur [ 56 ]. Nevertheless, an increasing number of academic institutions are implementing ELNs and appreciating the associated benefits [ 60 ]. If your institution already has an ELN, it might be easiest to just use the option available in the research environment. If not, the Harvard Medical School provides an extensive and updated overview of various features of different ELNs that can support scientists in choosing the appropriate one for their research [ 61 ]. There are many commercial ELN products, which may be preferred when the administrative workload should be outsourced to a large extent. However, open-source products such as eLabFTW or open BIS provide a greater opportunity for customization to meet specific needs of individual research institutions [ 62 – 64 ]. A huge number of options are available depending on the resources and the features required. Some scientists might prefer generic note taking tools such as Evernote or just a simple Word document that offers infinite flexibility, but specific ELNs can further support good record keeping practice by providing immutability, automated backups, standardized methods, and protocols to follow. Clearly defining the specific requirements expected might help to choose an adequate system that would improve the quality of the record compared to classical paper laboratory notebooks.

Sharing protocols

Adequate sharing of methods in translational biomedical sciences is key to reproducibility. Several repositories exist that simplify the publication and exchange of protocols. Writing down methods at the end of the project bears the risk that crucial details might be missing [ 65 ]. On protocols.io, scientists can note all methodological details of a procedure, complete them with uploaded documents, and keep them for personal use or share them with collaborators [ 66 ]. Authors can also decide at any point in time to make their protocol public. Protocols published on protocols.io receive a DOI and become citable; they can be commented on by peers and adapted according to the needs of the individual researcher. Protocol.io files from established protocols can also be submitted together with some context and sample datasets to PLOS ONE , where it can be peer-reviewed and potentially published [ 67 , 68 ]. Depending on the affiliation of the researchers to academia or industry and on an internal or public sharing of files, protocols.io can be free of charge or come with costs. Other journals also encourage their authors to deposit their protocols in a freely accessible repository, such as protocol exchange from Nature portfolio [ 69 ]. Another option might be to separately submit a protocol that was validated by its use in an already published research article to an online and peer-reviewed journal specific for research protocols, such as Bio-Protocol. A multitude of journals, including eLife and Science already collaborate with Bio-Protocol and recommend authors to publish the method in Bio-Protocol [ 70 ]. Bio-Protocol has no submission fees and is freely available to all readers. Both protocols.io and Bio-Protocol allow the illustration of complex scientific methods by uploading videos to published protocols. In addition, protocols can be deposited in a general research repository such as the Open Science Framework (OSF repository) and referenced in appropriate publications.

Sharing critical incidents

Sharing critical or even adverse events that occur in the context of animal experimentation can help other scientists to avoid committing the same mistakes. The system of sharing critical incidents is already established in clinical practice and helps to improve medical care [ 71 , 72 ]. The online platform critical incident reporting system in laboratory animal science (CIRS-LAS) represents the first preclinical equivalent to these clinical systems [ 73 ]. With this web-based tool, critical incidents in animal research can be reported anonymously without registration. An expert panel helps to analyze the incident to encourage an open dialogue. Critical incident reporting is still very marginal in animal research and performed procedures are very variable. These factors make a systemic analysis and a targeted search of incidence difficult. However, it may be of special interest for methods that are broadly used in animal research such as anesthesia. Indeed, a broad feed of this system with data on errors occurring in standard procedures today could help avoid critical incidences in the future and refine animal experiments.

Sharing animals, organs, and tissue

When we think about open science, sharing results and data are often in focus. However, sharing material is also part of a collaborative and open research culture that could help to greatly reduce the number of experimental animals used. When an animal is killed to obtain specific tissue or organs, the remainder is mostly discarded. This may constitute a wasteful practice, as surplus tissue can be used by other researchers for different analyses. More animals are currently killed as surplus than are used in experiments, demonstrating the potential for sharing these animals [ 74 , 75 ].

Sharing information on generated surplus is therefore not only economical, but also an effective way to reduce the number of animals used for scientific purposes. The open-source software Anishare is a straightforward way for breeders of genetically modified lines to promote their surplus offspring or organs within an institution [ 76 ]. The database AniMatch ( Table 1 ) connects scientists within Europe who are offering tissue or organs with scientists seeking this material. Scientists already sharing animal organs can support this process by describing it in publications and making peers aware of this possibility [ 77 ]. Specialized research communities also allow sharing of animal tissue or animal-derived products worldwide that are typically used in these fields on a collaborative basis via the SEARCH-framework [ 78 , 79 ]. Depositing transgenic mice lines into one of several repositories for mouse strains can help to further minimize efforts in producing new transgenic lines and most importantly reduce the number of surplus animals by supporting the cryoconservation of mouse lines. The International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR) can be used to help find an adequate repository or to help scientists seeking a specific transgenic line find a match [ 80 ].

Analyzing the data

Animal researchers have to handle increasingly complex data. Imaging, electrophysiological recording, or automated behavioral tracking, for example, produce huge datasets. Data can be shared as raw numerical output but also as images, videos, sounds, or other forms from which raw numerical data can be generated. As the heterogeneity and the complexity of research data increases, infinite possibilities for analysis emerge. Transparently reporting how the data were processed will enable peers to better interpret reported results. To get the most out of performed animal experiments, it is crucial to allow other scientists to replicate the analysis and adapt it to their research questions. It is therefore highly recommended to use formats and tools during the analysis that allow a straightforward exchange of code and data later on.

Transparent coding

The use of non-transparent analysis codes have led to a lack of reproducibility of results [ 81 ]. Sharing code is essential for complex analysis and enables other researchers to reproduce results and perform follow-up studies, and citable code gives credit for the development of new algorithms ( Table 1 ). Jupyter Notebooks are a convenient way to share data science pipelines that may use a variety of coding languages, including like Python, R or Matlab, and also share the results of analyses in the form of tables, diagrams, images, and videos. Notebooks contain source code and can be published or collaboratively shared on platforms like GitHub or GitLab, where version control of source code is implemented. The data-archiving tool Zenodo can be used to archive a repository on GitHub and create a DOI for the archive. Thereby contents become citable. Using free and open-source programming language like R or Python will increase the number of potential researchers that can work with the published code. Best practice for research software is to publish the source code with a license that allows modification and redistribution.

Choice of data visualization

Choosing the right format for the visualization of data can increase its accessibility to a broad scientific audience and enable peers to better judge the validity of the results. Studies based on animal research often work with very small sample sizes. Visualizing these data in histograms may lead to an overestimation of the outcomes. Choosing the right dot plots that makes all recorded points visible and at the same time focusses on the summary instead of the individual points can further improve the intuitive understanding of a result. If the sample size is too low, it might not be meaningful to visualize error bars. A variety of freely available tools already exists that can support scientists in creating the most appropriate graphs for their data [ 82 ]. In particular, when representing microscopy results or heat maps, it should be kept in mind that a large part of the population cannot perceive the classical red and green representation [ 83 ]. Opting for the color-blind safe color maps and checking images with free tools such as color oracle ( Table 1 ) can increase the accessibility of graphs. Multiple journals have already addressed flaws in data visualization and have introduced new policies that will accelerate the uptake of transparent representation of results.

Publication of all study outcomes

Open science practices have received much attention in the past few years when it comes to publication of the results. However, it is important to emphasize that although open science tools have their greatest impact at the end of the project, good study preparation and sharing of the study plan and data early on can greatly increase the transparency at the end.

The FAIR data principle

To maximize the impact and outcome of a study, and to make the best long-term use of data generated through animal experiments, researchers should publish all data collected during their research according to the FAIR data principle. That means the data should be findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable. The FAIR principle is thus an extension of open access publishing. Data should not only be published without paywalls or other access restrictions, but also in such a manner that they can be reused and further processed by others. For this, legal as well as technical requirements must be met by the data. To achieve this, the GoFAIR initiative has developed a set of principles that should be taken into account as early as at the data collection stage [ 49 , 84 ]. In addition to extensively described and machine-readable metadata, these principles include, for example, the application of globally persistent identifiers, the use of open file formats, and standardized communication protocols to ensure that humans and machines can easily download the data. A well-chosen repository to upload the data is then just the final step to publish FAIR data.

FAIR data can strongly increase the knowledge gained from performed animal experiments. Thus, the same data can be analyzed by different researchers and could be combined to obtain larger sample sizes, as already occurs in the neuroimaging community, which works with comparable datasets [ 85 ]. Furthermore, the sharing of data enables other researchers to analyze published datasets and estimate measurement reliabilities to optimize their own data collection [ 86 , 87 ]. This will help to improve the translation from animal research into clinics and simultaneously reduce the number of animal experiment in future.

Reporting guidelines

In preclinical research, the ARRIVE guidelines are the current state of the art when it comes to reporting data based on animal experiments [ 22 , 23 ]. The ARRIVE guidelines have been endorsed by more than 1,000 journals who ask that scientists comply with them when reporting their outcomes. Since the ARRIVE guidelines have not had the expected impact on the transparency of reporting in animal research publications, a more rigorous update has been developed to facilitate their application in practice (ARRIVE 2.0 [ 23 ]). We believe that the ARRIVE guidelines can be more effective if they are implemented at a very early stage of the project (see section on guidelines). Some more specialized reporting guidelines have also emerged for individual research fields that rely on animal studies, such as endodontology [ 88 ]. The equator network collects all guidelines and makes them easily findable with their search tool on their website ( Table 1 ). MERIDIAN also offers a 1-stop shop for all reporting guidelines involving the use of animals across all research sectors [ 89 ]. It is thus worth checking for new reporting guidelines before preparing a manuscript to maximize the transparency of described experiments.

Identifiers

Persistent identifiers for published work, authors, or resources are key for making public data findable by search engines and are thus a prerequisite for compliance to FAIR data principles. The most common identifier for publications will be a DOI, which makes the work citable. A DOI is a globally unique string assigned by the International DOI Foundation to identify content permanently and provide a persistent link to its location on the Internet. An ORCID ID is used as a personal persistent identifier and is recommendable to unmistakably identify an author ( Table 1 ). This will avoid confusions between authors with the same name or in the case of name changes or changes of affiliation. Research Resource Identifiers (RRID) are unique ID numbers that help to transparently report research resources. RRID also apply to animals to clearly identify the species used. RRID help avoid confusion between different names or changing names of genetic lines and, importantly, make them machine findable. The RRID Portal helps scientists find a specific RRID or create one if necessary ( Table 1 ). In the context of genetically altered animal lines, correct naming is key. The Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) Database is the authoritative source of official names for mouse genes, alleles, and strains ([ 90 ]).

Preprint publication

Preprints have undergone unprecedented success, particularly during the height of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic when the need for rapid dissemination of scientific knowledge was critical. The publication process for scientific manuscripts in peer-reviewed journals usually requires a considerable amount of time, ranging from a few months to several years, mainly due to the lengthy review process and inefficient editorial procedures [ 91 , 92 ]. Preprints typically precede formal publication in scientific journals and, thus, do not go through a peer review process, thus, facilitating the prompt open dissemination of important scientific findings within the scientific community. However, submitted papers are usually screened and checked for plagiarism. Preprints are assigned a DOI so they can be cited. Once a preprint is published in a journal, its status is automatically updated on the preprint server. The preprint is linked to the publication via CrossRef and mentioned accordingly on the website of the respective preprint platform.

After initial skepticism, most publishers now allow papers to be posted on preprint servers prior to submission. An increasing number of journals even allow direct submission of a preprint to their peer review process. The US National Institutes of Health and the Wellcome Trust, among other funders, also encourage prepublication and permit researchers to cite preprints in their grant applications. There are now numerous preprint repositories for different scientific disciplines. BioASAP provides a searchable database for preprint servers that can help in identifying the one that best matches an individual’s needs [ 93 ]. The most popular repository for animal research is bioRxiv, which is hosted by the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory ( Table 1 ).

The early exchange of scientific results is particularly important for animal research. This acceleration of the publication process can help other scientists to adapt their research or could even prevent animal experiments if other scientists become aware that an experiment has already been done before starting their own. In addition, preprints can help to increase the visibility of research. Journal articles that have a corresponding preprint publication have higher citation and Altmetric counts than articles without preprint [ 94 ]. In addition, the publication of preprints can help to combat publication bias, which represents a major problem in animal research [ 16 ]. Since journals and readers prioritize cutting-edge studies with positive results over inconclusive or negative results, researchers are reluctant to invest time and money in a manuscript that is unlikely to be accepted in a high-impact journal.

In addition to the option of publishing as preprint, other alternative publication formats have recently been introduced to facilitate the publication of research results that are hard to publish in traditional peer-reviewed journals. These include micro publications, data repositories, data journals, publication platforms, and journals that focus on negative or inconclusive results. The tool fiddle can support scientists in choosing the right publication format [ 95 , 96 ].

Open access publication

Publishing open access is one of the most established open science strategies. In contrast to the FAIR data principle, the term open access publication refers usually to the publication of a manuscript on a platform that is accessible free of charge—in translational biomedical research, this is mostly in the form of a scientific journal article. Originally, publications accessible free of charge were the answer to the paywalls established by renowned publishing houses, which led to social inequalities within and outside the research system. In translational biomedical research, the ethical aspect of urgently needed transparency is another argument in favor of open access publication, as these studies will not only be findable, but also internationally readable.

There are different ways of open access publishing; the 2 main routes are gold open access and green open access. Numerous journals offer now gold open access. It refers to the immediate and fully accessible publication of an article. The Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) provides a complete and updated list for high-quality, open access, and peer-reviewed journals [ 97 ]. Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin offers a specific tool for biomedical open access journals that supports animal researchers to choose an appropriate journal [ 49 ]. In addition, the Sherpa Romeo platform is a straightforward way to identify publisher open access policies on a journal-by-journal basis, including information on preprints, but also on licensing of articles [ 51 ]. Hybrid open access refers to openly accessible articles in otherwise paywalled journals. By contrast, green open access refers to the publication of a manuscript or article in a repository that is mostly operated by institutions and/or universities. The publication can be exclusively on the repository or in combination with a publisher. In the quality-assured, global Directory of Open Access Repositories (openDOAR), scientists can find thousands of indexed open access repositories [ 49 ]. The publisher often sets an embargo during which the authors cannot make the publication available in the repository, which can restrict the combined model. It is worth mentioning that gold open access is usually more expensive for the authors, as they have to pay an article processing charge. However, the article’s outreach is usually much higher than the outreach of an article in a repository or available exclusively as subscription content [ 98 ]. Diamond open access refers to publications and publication platforms that can be read free of charge by anyone interested and for which no costs are incurred by the authors either. It is the simplest and fairest form of open access for all parties involved, as no one is prevented from participating in scientific discourse by payment barriers. For now, it is not as widespread as the other forms because publishers have to find alternative sources of revenue to cover their costs.

As social media and the researcher’s individual public outreach are becoming increasingly important, it should be remembered that the accessibility of a publication should not be confused with the licensing under which the publication is made available. In order to be able to share and reuse one’s own work in the future, we recommend looking for journals that allow publications under the Creative Commons licenses CC BY or CC BY-NC. This also allows the immediate combination of gold and green open access.

Creative commons licenses

Attributing Creative Commons (CC) licenses to scientific content can make research broadly available and clearly specifies the terms and conditions under which people can reuse and redistribute the intellectual property, namely publications and data, while giving the credit to whom it deserves [ 49 ]. As the laws on copyright vary from country to country and law texts are difficult to understand for outsiders, the CC licenses are designed to be easily understandable and are available in 41 languages. This way, users can easily avoid accidental misuse. The CC initiative developed a tool that enables researchers to find the license that best fits their interests [ 49 ]. Since the licenses are based on a modular concept ranging from relatively unrestricted licenses (CC BY, free to use, credit must be given) to more restricted licenses (CC BY-NC-ND, only free to share for non-commercial purposes, credit must be given), one can find an appropriate license even for the most sensitive content. Publishing under an open CC license will not only make the publication easy to access but can also help to increase its reach. It can stimulate other researchers and the interested public to share this article within their network and to make the best future use of it. Bear in mind that datasets published independently from an article may receive a different CC license. In terms of intellectual property, data are not protected in the same way as articles, which is why the CC initiative in the United Kingdom recommends publishing them under a CC0 (“no rights reserved”) license or the Public Domain Mark. This gives everybody the right to use the data freely. In an animal ethics sense, this is especially important in order to get the most out of data derived from animal experiments.

Data and code repositories

Sharing research data is essential to ensure reproducibility and to facilitate scientific progress. This is particularly true in animal research and the scientific community increasingly recognizes the value of sharing research data. However, even though there is increasing support for the sharing of data, researchers still perceive barriers when it comes to doing so in practice [ 99 – 101 ]. Many universities and research institutions have established research data repositories that provide continuous access to datasets in a trusted environment. Many of these data repositories are tied to specific research areas, geographic regions, or scientific institutions. Due to the growing number and overall heterogeneity of these repositories, it can be difficult for researchers, funding agencies, publishers, and academic institutions to identify appropriate repositories for storing and searching research data.

Recently, several web-based tools have been developed to help in the selection of a suitable repository. One example is Re3data, a global registry of research data repositories that includes repositories from various scientific disciplines. The extensive database can be searched by country, content (e.g., raw data, source code), and scientific discipline [ 49 ]. A similar tool to help find a data archive specific to the field is FAIRsharing, based at Oxford University [ 102 ]. If there is no appropriate subject-specific data repository or one seems unsuitable for the data, there are general data repositories, such as Open Science Framework, figshare, Dryad, or Zenodo. To ensure that data stored in a repository can be found, a DOI is assigned to the data. Choosing the right license for the deposited code and data ensures that authors get credit for their work.

Publication and connection of all outcomes

If scientists have used all available open science tools during the research process, then publishing and linking all outcomes represents the well-deserved harvest ( Fig 2 ). At the end of a research process, researchers will not just have 1 publication in a journal. Instead, they might have a preregistration, a preprint, a publication in a journal, a dataset, and a protocol. Connecting these outcomes in a way that enables other scientists to better assess the results that link these publications will be key. There are many examples of good open science practices in laboratory animal science, but we want to highlight one of them to show how this could be achieved. Blenkuš and colleagues investigated how mild stress-induced hyperthermia can be assessed non-invasively by thermography in mice [ 103 ]. The study was preregistered with animalstudyregistry.org , which is referred to in their publication [ 104 ]. A deviation from the originally preregistered hypothesis was explained in the manuscript and the supplementary material was uploaded to figshare [ 105 ].

Application of open science practices can increase the reproducibility and visibility of a research project at the same time. By publishing different research outputs with more detailed information than can be included in a journal article, researchers enable peers to replicate their work. Reporting according to guidelines and using transparent visualization will further improve this reproducibility. The more research products that are generated, the more credit can be attributed. By communicating on social media or additionally publishing slides from delivered talks or posters, more attention can be raised. Additionally, publishing open access and making the work machine-findable makes it accessible to an even broader number of peers.

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001810.g002

It might also be helpful to provide all resources from a project in a single repository such as Open Science Framework, which also implements other, different tools that might have been used, like GitHub or protocols.io.

Communicating your research

Once all outcomes of the project are shared, it is time to address the targeted peers. Social media is an important instrument to connect research communities [ 106 ]. In particular, Twitter is an effective way to communicate research findings or related events to peers [ 107 ]. In addition, specialized platforms like ResearchGate can support the exchange of practical experiences ( Table 1 ). When all resources related to a project are kept in one place, sharing this link is a straightforward way to reach out to fellow scientists.

With the increasing number of publications, science communication has become more important in recent years. Transparent science that communicates openly with the public contributes to strengthening society’s trust in research.

Conclusions

Plenty of open science tools are already available and the number of tools is constantly growing. Translational biomedical researchers should seize this opportunity, as it could contribute to a significant improvement in the transparency of research and fulfil their ethical responsibility to maximize the impact of knowledge gained from animal experiments. Over and above this, open science practices also bear important direct benefits for the scientists themselves. Indeed, the implementation of these tools can increase the visibility of research and becomes increasingly important when applying for grants or in recruitment decisions. Already, more and more journals and funders require activities such as data sharing. Several institutions have established open science practices as evaluation criteria alongside publication lists, impact factor, and h-index for panels deciding on hiring or tenure [ 108 ]. For new adopters, it is not necessary to apply all available practices at once. Implementing single tools can be a safe approach to slowly improve the outreach and reproducibility of one’s own research. The more open science products that are generated, the more reproducible the work becomes, but also the more the visibility of a study increases ( Fig 2 ).

As other research fields, such as social sciences, are already a step ahead in the implementation of open science practices, translational biomedicine can profit from their experiences [ 109 ]. We should thus keep in mind that open science comes with some risks that should be minimized early on. Indeed, the more open science practices become incentivized, the more researchers could be tempted to get a transparency quality label that might not be justified. When a study is based on a bad hypothesis or poor statistical planning, this cannot be fixed by preregistration, as prediction alone is not sufficient to validate an interpretation [ 110 ]. Furthermore, a boom of data sharing could disconnect data collectors and analysts, bearing the risk that researchers performing the analysis lack understanding of the data. The publication of datasets could also promote a “parasitic” use of a researcher’s data and lead to scooping of outcomes [ 111 ]. Stakeholders could counteract such a risk by promoting collaboration instead of competition.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, we have seen an explosion of preprint publications. This unseen acceleration of science might be the adequate response to a pandemic; however, the speeding up science in combination with the “publish or perish” culture could come at the expense of the quality of the publication. Nevertheless, a meta-analysis comparing the quality of reporting between preprints and peer-reviewed articles showed that the quality of reporting in preprints in the life sciences is at most slightly lower on average compared to peer-reviewed articles [ 112 ]. Additionally, preprints and social media have shown during this pandemic that a premature and overconfident communication of research results can be overinterpreted by journalists and raise unfounded hopes or fears in patients and relatives [ 113 ]. By being honest and open about the scope and limitations of the study and choosing communication channels carefully, researchers can avoid misinterpretation. It should be noted, however, that by releasing all methodological details and data in research fields such as viral engineering, where a dual use cannot be excluded, open science could increase biosecurity risk. Implementing access-controlled repositories, application programming interfaces, and a biosecurity risk assessment in the planning phase (i.e., by preregistration) could mitigate this threat [ 114 ].

Publishing in open access journals often involves higher publication costs, which makes it more difficult for institutes and universities from low-income countries to publish there [ 115 ]. Equity has been identified as a key aim of open science [ 116 ]. It is vital, therefore, that existing structural inequities in the scientific system are not unintentionally reinforced by open science practices. Early career researchers have been the main drivers of the open science movement in other fields even though they are often in vulnerable positions due to short contracts and hierarchical and strongly networked research environments. Supporting these early career researchers in adopting open science tools could significantly advance this change in research culture [ 117 ]. However, early career researchers can already benefit by publishing registered reports or preprints that can provide a publication much faster than conventional journal publications. Communication in social media can help them establish a network enabling new collaborations or follow-up positions.

Even though open science comes with some risks, the benefits easily overweigh these caveats. If a change towards more transparency is accompanied by the implementation of open science in the teaching curricula of the universities, most of the risks can be minimized [ 118 ]. Interestingly, we have observed that open science tools and infrastructure that are specific to animal research seem to mostly come from Europe. This may be because of strict regulations within Europe for animal experiments or because of a strong research focus in laboratory animal science along with targeted research funding in this region. Whatever the reason might be, it demonstrates the important role of research policy in accelerating the development towards 3Rs and open science.

Overall, it seems inevitable that open science will eventually prevail in translational biomedical research. Scientists should not wait for the slow-moving incentive framework to change their research habits, but should take pioneering roles in adopting open science tools and working towards more collaboration, transparency, and reproducibility.

Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the valuable input and comments from Sebastian Dunst, Daniel Butzke, and Nils Körber that have improved the content of this work.

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Computer model: a computer program designed to predict what might happen based off of collected data.

Ethical: relating to a person's moral principles.

Morals: a person's beliefs concerning what is right and wrong.

Zoologist: a person who studies animals.

Scientists learn a lot about snakes and other animals through basic research. Image by the Virginia State Park staff.

“Don’t worry, they aren’t dangerous” you hear the zoologist say as she leads you and a group of others toward an area with a number of different snakes. She removes a long snake from a larger glass enclosure and asks who would like to hold it. You take a step back, certain that holding a snake is the last thing you’d like to do.

"But how do you know they aren’t dangerous?” you ask. The zoologist looks up and smiles. She explains that scientists have studied this type of snake, and so we actually know quite a bit about it. This type of snake rarely bites and does not produce venom, so it isn’t dangerous to people. You nod along as she talks about the snakes, their natural habitats, and other details like what they eat.

Animals in the Research Process

How do we know so much about snakes or other animals? Animals are all unique, and scientists study them to learn more about them. For example, by studying snakes we have learned that they stick their tongues out because they are trying to pick up odors around them. This helps them sense food, predators, and other things that may be nearby. When research is performed to expand our understanding of something, like an animal, we call it basic research .

Scientists study animals for other reasons too. What we learn about animals can actually help us find solutions to other problems or to help people. For example, studying snakes helps us understand which ones are venomous so that humans know what kinds of snakes they shouldn't touch. Scientists also study animals to find new treatments to diseases and other ailments that affect both people and animals. If we learn what is in snake venom, we can create a medicine to give to people that have been bitten as a treatment to help them feel better. Using what we know about an animal or thing to help us solve problems or treat disease is called applied research .

Scientists use many other tools, such as computer models, in addition to animals to study different topics. Image by Andreas Horn.

No matter what type of research is being performed, scientists must consider many things when they study animals.

Do Scientists Need to Study Animals?

Of course we can learn a lot from using animals for research, but are there alternative options? Sometimes there are. For example, scientists could use some other method, like cells or computer models, to study a particular topic instead of using animals. However, for a number of reasons , scientists have found that using animals is sometimes the best way to study certain topics.

What If Scientists Harm Animals for Research?

Some research using animals only requires scientists to watch behavior or to take a few samples (like blood or saliva) from the animal. These activities may cause the animals some stress, but they are unlikely to harm the animals in any long-term way. Studies of the behavior or physiology of an animal in its natural environment is an example of such research.

In other cases, scientists may need to harm or kill an animal in order to answer a research question. For example, a study could involve removing a brain to study it more closely or giving an animal a treatment without knowing what effects it may have. While the intention is never to purposely harm animals, harm can be necessary to answer a research question.

How Do Scientists Decide When It’s OK to Study Animals?

Many animals are used in research. But there is still debate on whether they should be used for this purpose. Image by the United States Department of Agriculture.

There are many guidelines for when it’s ok to use animals in research. Scientists must write a detailed plan of why and how they plan to use animals for a research project. This information is then reviewed by other scientists and members of the public to make sure that the research animals will be used for has an important purpose. Whatever the animals are used for, the scientists also make sure to take care of animal research subjects as best as they can.

Even with rules in place about using animals for research, many people (both scientists and non-scientists) continue to debate whether animals should be used in research. This is an ethical question, or one that depends on a person's morals. Because the way each person feels about both research and animals may be different, there is a range of views on this matter.

Some people argue that it doesn’t matter that there are rules in place to protect animals. Animals should never be used for research at all, for any reason.
Others say we should be able to use animals for any kind of research because moving science forward is more important than the rights or well-being of animals.
Lastly, there are people whose opinions sit somewhere in the middle. They might argue that it’s ok to use animals for research, but only in some cases. For example, if the results of the research are very likely to help treat something that affects people, then it may be okay to use animals.

Along with this debate, there are many advantages and disadvantages of doing animal research . Scientists must weigh these options when performing their research.

Additional Images via Wikimedia Commons. White rat image by Alexandroff Pogrebnoj.

Chicago Manual of Style

Patrick McGurrin and Christian Ross. "Using Animals in Research". ASU - Ask A Biologist. 04 December, 2016. https://askabiologist.asu.edu/explore/Animal-use-in-Research

MLA 2017 Style

Patrick McGurrin and Christian Ross. "Using Animals in Research". ASU - Ask A Biologist. 04 Dec 2016. ASU - Ask A Biologist, Web. 9 Sep 2024. https://askabiologist.asu.edu/explore/Animal-use-in-Research

Animals are an important part of research. But many argue about whether it's ethical to use animals to help advance scientific progress.

Using Animals in Research

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Knowledge Gaps: Animal-Focused Research Ideas For Grad Students

The world of scholarship on animals, animal advocacy, and the myriad issues surrounding both, is ever-growing. Faunalytics’ Research Library has thousands of summaries of such scholarship available. However, even though we add 200+ studies to the Library each year, it’s just the tip of a much bigger iceberg. We curate our collection to focus on studies with the most potential usefulness for advocates, while hundreds of other studies are published each year.

It wasn’t always like this. For many years, the animal advocacy movement had a lot of grounding in theory and philosophy, but was not focused on empirical research. Tactics and strategies were employed with little idea of their effects — or effectiveness. Campaigns would come and go without proper impact evaluation. The energy and heart that characterized the early animal advocacy movement often did not translate into the systematic measurement of results.

Today, we have more scholarship on animal-related issues than ever — our Library is a testament to that. However, the field of animal- and advocacy-related research is still growing. Students entering into graduate programs often want to contribute, but don’t always know how, and we often get questions from nascent researchers who want to make their mark and make a positive impact.

Below, we offer some ideas to give your animal-related research a kickstart.

1. Solutions Within Reach: Norms Around Use Of Animals In Science

There are strong modern alternatives to the use of animals in medical and behavioral research — and this is even more true when it comes to needless dissections in high school science — yet norms of using them persist (e.g., see this ). All the evidence exists, but what will it take to change these norms?

2. Remembering The Big Picture: The Sociology And Economics Of Change

It’s easier to think small: about individual behavior instead of group behavior, one issue instead of many interconnected issues, or one region versus many. But as animal advocates and as researchers, we need to look to the future, and the future is big-picture.

Some questions along this line include: How does progress on an animal issue in one country or region affect advocacy on that same issue in another region? What are the harmful societal or environmental consequences of investing in animal agriculture in developing nations? What are the economic benefits politicians could expect to see from greater investment in plant-based agriculture and manufacturing? How does progress on an issue like animals used in science (see above!) impact efforts for other animal issues?

These questions can feel intimidating to a grad student, but finding a supervisor or grad student collaborator from another discipline/department may help you bridge some of the difficulty and make a big impact with your research.

3. Cultures Of Change: How Regional Histories And Experiences Differentially Shape Behavioral And Societal Change

Change for animals is happening around the world, and no two regions are quite the same. Yet a lot of research to date has focused on the Western world, especially the U.S. and United Kingdom. As a grad student early in your research career, you may have the option of making choices about your region of study that can affect your research program over the long term.

If you’re from the West yourself, it’s crucial not to practice parachute science — imposing Eurocentric biases on regions with their own laws, systems, history, religion, and culture — or to frame all your work in terms of comparison to Western norms. But as a grad student, you can start from the ground up learning the psychology, sociology, or economics of a region from their own viewpoint by focusing on that literature and collaborating with scholars from the region if you yourself aren’t.

Initial questions to tackle might be foundational, like public attitudes toward animal use or how the government funds and promotes animal agriculture. Subsequent questions will depend on the region and will emerge over time as you become familiar with the foundations.

4. Beyond The Basics: Extending What We Know About Plant-Based And Cultivated Meat

There’s already lots of research about interest in cultivated meat , barriers to plant-based alternative consumption , and different messaging approaches around these issues, so we’d love to see more work on questions that go beyond those basics and into more of the downstream effects of increased consumption: which plant-based offerings are being used as substitutes versus complements for animal products and why? How can plant-based and cultivated foods be framed as beneficial in a political context to increase high-level support?

Furthermore, there are other aspects that remain underexplored. Are there any “danger zones” to avoid with the development of these products, such as misinformation campaigns like with soy and GMO foods, or whether making “exotic” or even endangered cultivated meats available would reduce or increase the demand for illegal trade?

5. Beliefs Versus facts: Asking Animals What They Prefer

Humans have a lot of beliefs about what other animals think, feel, and want — and are often wildly off-base. Advocates try to correct those misconceptions with facts like “chickens are caring, emotional creatures” and “pigs are as smart as dogs,” but it can be an uphill battle.

Thanks to the research team at Farm Sanctuary, researchers now have a new opportunity to demonstrate these truths in an ethical and impactful way. In partnership with Farm Sanctuary researchers, you may be able to work with their animal residents to answer questions like: Do chickens actively choose conditions that aren’t used in industrial agriculture over ones that are? How do cows’ social networks form and change? Will sheep choose enrichment activities to get food over simply receiving it without any work involved? Contrasting these behaviors against humans’ beliefs about these animals could be a powerful way of demonstrating how flawed perceptions of industrial animal agriculture really are.

6. Humane Education Research

Research suggests that kids are set up to be more empathic toward animals, but that they’re trained out of it as they get older. Anecdotally, we have reason to believe that humane education can meaningfully shape kids’ attitudes toward animals — possibly in a way that could have a bigger impact on society if we could understand it well enough to hone in on the best methods. Current literature is limited by a lack of control groups, and by a range of difficulties in studying kids. It is especially challenging to study kids over a long time period.

Academics are well-positioned to do longer-term research, especially in a developmental psych lab. Perhaps one of them could be you!

7. True Cost Analysis

What are the true costs of various animal products when we take externalities like cheap, exploited labor into account? Is it possible to create a calculation that includes the days/years of suffering by human laborers (similarly to how we do with animals )? Furthermore, what is the potential benefit of using these types of cost analyses in persuasive campaigns that highlight the overlap between animal and social justice issues?

8. Systematic Legal Review Of Humanewashing & Greenwashing

Advocates have long known that the animal agriculture industry engages in humanewashing and greenwashing to help make its products and practices seem more animal- and environmentally-friendly than they really are. What are the most common methods they use to do so, and are there ways advocates and laypeople could respond to such techniques using a legal framework?

Since these specific techniques may be regulated by federal or regional laws, there are many opportunities for scholars to study these mechanics in their own regions, review certifications and claims across a wide range of products, and compare against what we know about welfare standards for those animals.

9. Low-Hanging Fruit: Identifying Winnable Issues And Helping Them Hit The Tipping Point

The struggle for animal liberation often gets framed in terms of creating a “vegan world” — and while that may be a noble goal, it may be many lifetimes away. In the meantime, there are a range of more “winnable” issues that scholars can study and help push beyond a tipping point. Greyhound racing is one such issue, but others abound: the use of animals in circuses is an older issue that has faced lots of challenges and seems increasingly on its way out, and the factory farming of octopuses is a brand new issue that could be advocated against strongly now so that it doesn’t have the chance to grow or spread.

These are just some of the potential areas where you could make a big difference with a graduate research project. There are many, many other options , limited only by your imagination and willingness to dig into your area of interest. If you’re stuck for ideas, do some reading about your topic outside your discipline. A social psychologist reading a political science paper might learn all kinds of things that inspire new ideas but are 101 level for the political scientist, and the same is true in reverse. If we want to help animals, we need to get away from disciplinary snobbery and siloing.

And remember: you are not alone. You are part of a growing community of scholars, animal advocates, and NGO members who are serious about the next era of the animal protection movement: an era of creative, data-driven advocacy and impact-oriented work. You can stop by Faunalytics’ Office Hours if you have research questions or need help finding data, and our list of external resources and datasets can help kickstart your search for projects.

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196 Animal Essay Topics & Animals Abuse Ideas

Icon Calendar 18 May 2024
Icon Page 1555 words
Icon Clock 8 min read

Animal essay topics offer an incredibly diverse range of subjects for exploration and discussion. The complex world of animal behavior and cognition, for example, presents intriguing questions about the minds and emotional lives of different species. The critical issue of conservation, driven by deforestation, climate change, and poaching, invites scrutiny and advocacy. Likewise, topics centered around human-animal bonds and the therapeutic benefits of animal companionship can shed light on the emotional and psychological benefits of these relationships. Delving into these animal essay topics not only provides a good platform to express love and appreciation for the animal kingdom but also promotes crucial discussions about biodiversity, animal rights, and wildlife protection. From curious animal lovers to budding biologists, these topics offer a chance to engage with the wonders, challenges, and remarkable diversity of the animal world.

Best Animal Topics

Conservation of Endangered Species: A Global Perspective
Influence of Climate Change on Migration Patterns
Coral Reef Ecosystems: Importance and Threats
Ethical Considerations in Animal Testing
Invasive Species and Their Effect on Biodiversity
Disease Transmission Between Animals and Humans: Zoonotic Diseases
Understanding Animal Communication and Language
Adaptation Strategies of Desert Dwelling Creatures
Marine Pollution: Effects on Aquatic Life
Tracking Animal Population Dynamics Through Citizen Science
Wildlife Trafficking and International Law
Bee Colony Collapse Disorder: Causes and Consequences
Genetic Diversity and Conservation of Rare Breeds
Endocrinology of Stress in Captive Animals
Effects of Deforestation on Primate Habitats
Animal-Assisted Therapy: Benefits and Challenges
Domestication and Its Genetic Implications in Animals
Coping Mechanisms of Animals in Extreme Environments
Birds of Prey and Their Ecological Significance
Aquaculture Sustainability: Balancing Demand and Conservation

Animal Essay Topics & Animals Abuse Ideas

Simple Animal Topics

Understanding the Social Structure of Ant Colonies
Feeding Habits of Herbivorous Animals
Life Cycle of the Monarch Butterfly
Unique Defense Mechanisms in the Animal Kingdom
Animal Habitats: From Deserts to Rainforests
Migration Patterns of Arctic Birds
Reptile Varieties and Their Characteristics
Study of Amphibians: Frogs, Toads, and Salamanders
Exotic Pets: Care and Ethical Considerations
Exploring Nocturnal Animals and Their Adaptations
Marine Life: A Glimpse Into the Deep Sea
Mammalian Reproduction and Life Cycles
Different Breeds of Domestic Dogs
Hibernation and Estivation in Animals
Bird Watching: Identifying Common Species
Discovering Endangered Species on Our Planet
Diet and Nutrition of Domestic Cats
Understanding Animal Tracks and Signs
Life in the Savanna: African Wildlife

Interesting Animal Essay Topics

Exploring Speciation in Galapagos Finches
Animal Sentience and Cognitive Capabilities
Mimicry as a Survival Strategy in Nature
Interpreting the Language of Dolphins
Decoding the Dance of Honeybees
Anthropomorphism: Human Perception of Animals
Climate Change Effects on Polar Bear Populations
Marsupial Diversity: Beyond Kangaroos and Koalas
Biofluorescence and Bioluminescence in Deep-Sea Creatures
Cryptic Species: Unraveling Hidden Biodiversity
Wildlife Conservation Policies: Case Studies
Symbiosis in Coral Reef Ecosystems
Understanding Avian Navigational Abilities
Extinct Megafauna and Their Ecological Roles
Cephalopods: Masters of Camouflage and Deception
Unveiling Mysteries of Animal Migration
Animal Societies: Ant Colonies to Elephant Families
Bizarre Mating Rituals in the Animal Kingdom
The Biological Rationale Behind Animal Play Behavior
Genetic Basis of Animal Domestication

Animal Research Topics for High School

Exploring Birdsong: Music or Communication?
Bats and Echolocation: A Deep Dive
Insects as Indicators of Environmental Change
Chimpanzee Social Structures and Behaviors
Penguin Adaptations for Harsh Climates
Exploring Threats to Sea Turtles Populations
The Fascinating World of Spider Webs
Investigating Adaptations in Desert Animals
Venomous vs. Poisonous: Animals’ Defense Mechanisms
Elephants: Intelligence and Emotional Capacity
Dietary Habits of Carnivores, Herbivores, and Omnivores
Snake Behavior: More than Just Slithering
Study on Monarch Butterfly Migration Patterns
Endangered Species and Conservation Efforts
Bees and the Importance of Pollination
Animal Camouflage: Examples and Effectiveness
Dolphin Intelligence: Evidence and Examples
Physiology of Flight in Birds
Gorillas: Social Behavior and Habitat Loss
Reptile Biodiversity in Rainforest Ecosystems

Animal Research Topics for College Students

Marine Biology: The Complex Ecosystem of Coral Reefs
Microorganisms in the Rumen of Cows: How They Aid Digestion?
Animal Assisted Therapy: Benefits and Challenges
Physiological Impact of Climate Change on Polar Bears
Ethology: Aggression in Animal Species
Cephalopods and Camouflage: An Exploration
Study of Animal Cognition: Intelligence in Non-Primates
Threats Facing the African Lion: Conservation Strategies
Environmental Stressors and Their Effects on Amphibians
Biotic Factors Influencing the Habitats of Whales
Parasitology: Host-Parasite Relationships in Animals
Investigation into the Social Behavior of Wolves
Comparative Analysis of Primate Communication Systems
Cross-Species Disease Transmission: From Animals to Humans
Aquatic Toxicology: How Pollution Affects Aquatic Life
Animal Welfare in Agriculture: Ethics and Practices
Population Dynamics of the Snow Leopard in the Himalayas
Exploration of Bioluminescence in Deep-Sea Creatures
Hibernation Mechanisms in Mammals: A Comparative Study

Animal Essay Topics to Research

Migration Patterns: Mystery of Monarch Butterflies
Biodiversity Loss: Consequences for Global Ecosystems
Chimpanzee Cultures: Differences Across Africa
Eco-Physiology of Desert Creatures: Surviving Extreme Conditions
Animal Ethics: Questioning the Use of Animals in Research
Unraveling the Secrets of Dolphin Communication
Birdsong and Neurobiology: Insights into Human Speech
Peculiar Reproductive Strategies in the Animal Kingdom
Killer Bees: An Invasive Species Spreading Fear
Insects as Pollinators: Their Importance in Agriculture
The Vitality of Sharks in Oceanic Food Chains
Life Strategies of Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Fauna
Venomous Creatures and Biomedical Research Opportunities
Biomimicry: Nature’s Inspirations for Technological Advancements
Hybridization in the Wild: Case of the Coywolf
Decoding the Waggle Dance of Honeybees
The Secret Lives of Bats: Echolocation and Beyond
Resilience in Nature: How Animals Recover From Disaster
Bioacoustics in Animal Communication: From Insects to Whales
Predator-Prey Dynamics in African Savannah Ecosystems

Animal Argumentative Essay Topics

Zoo Ethics: Animal Rights Versus Education Benefits
Veganism versus Meat Consumption: Gauging the Ecological Footprint
Is Pet Ownership Compatible With Animal Rights?
Whale Hunting: Cultural Practice or Inhumane Act?
Genetic Engineering: Crossing Ethical Boundaries With Designer Pets?
Animal Sentience: Do We Underestimate Non-Human Intelligence?
Animal Experimentation: Is There a Justifiable Trade-Off?
Hunting for Conservation: Paradox or Viable Strategy?
Aquariums as Conservation Tools: Are They Effective?
Wild Animals as Pets: Exploring the Controversy
Endangered Species Act: Time for an Overhaul?
Factory Farming: Is the Price of Cheap Meat Too High?
Feral Cats: Euthanasia Versus Trap-Neuter-Return Programs
Rewilding Efforts: Romantic Ideal or Feasible Conservation Strategy?
Animal Performance: Should Circuses Stop Using Animals?
Emotional Support Animals: Right or Privilege?
Dissecting Animals in Education: Essential Learning or Outdated Practice?
Animal Cloning: Promising Technology or Ethical Misstep?
Invasive Species Control: Is Eradication Ethically Defensible?
Wildlife Tourism: Conservation Tool or Harmful Industry?

Animal Persuasive Essay Topics

Promoting the Adoption of Shelter Animals Over Breeding
Animal Rights: Is It Time to Rethink Meat Consumption?
Fur Industry: Time to Take a Stand against Animal Cruelty
Exotic Pet Trade: Advocating for Tighter Legislation
Embracing Insect Eating as a Sustainable Food Source
Shark Finning: A Call for Global Ban
Zoos: Enforcing Higher Welfare Standards
Dairy Industry: Unmasking the Cruelty Behind Milk
Captivity versus Conservation: The Case Against Marine Parks
Illegal Wildlife Trade: Implementing Stricter Penalties
Hunting Trophies: Upholding the Ban on Imports
Rodeos and Animal Cruelty: Time to Say No?
Animal Dissection in Schools: Advocating for Virtual Alternatives
Greyhound Racing: A Sport or Animal Exploitation?
Vivisection: Encouraging the Use of Non-Animal Testing Methods
Dog Breeding: The Case Against Purebreds
Bullfighting: A Cultural Tradition or Barbaric Sport?
Horse Carriages in Cities: Romantic Charm or Animal Abuse?
Culling Wildlife: Arguing Against the “Overpopulation” Myth

Animal Abuse Essay Topics

Dissecting the Psychological Factors Behind Animal Cruelty
Preventing Animal Neglect: Insights and Interventions
Animal Hoarding: An Understudied Form of Animal Cruelty
Addressing Puppy Mills: A Look at Inhumane Breeding Conditions
Blood Sports: Unveiling the Truth Behind Dog Fighting Rings
Cockfighting: Its Hidden Costs and Damages to Animal Welfare
Exotic Animal Trade: Unseen Agonies of Captive Wildlife
Dolphin Slaughter in Drive Hunts: A Call for Action
Live Animal Markets: Uncovering the Injustices
Investigating the Dark Side of the Horse Racing Industry
Factory Farming: The Harsh Reality Behind Our Meals
Cruel Practices in the Wool Industry: Shedding Light on Shearing
Unregulated Breeding of Exotic Pets: Addressing the Hidden Cruelty
Fur Trapping: An Unnecessary Tradition in Modern Society
Unmasking the Cruelty in the Foie Gras Industry
Live Baiting Scandal in Greyhound Racing: A Call for Change
Misuse of Animals in Tourist Attractions: Riding Elephants to Harm
The Dark Side of Circuses: Life Behind the Big Top
Unveiling Animal Abuse in the Movie Industry: A Push for Change

Animal Debate Topics

Zoos and Animal Welfare: Ethical Perspectives
Should Animal Testing Be Abolished in Biomedical Research?
Biodiversity Conservation: The Imperative for Animal Rights
Interdisciplinary Approaches to Reducing Stray Populations
Exotic Pets Ownership: Freedom of Choice or Animal Exploitation?
Animal Intelligence: Reevaluating Cognitive Capacities of Non-Human Species
Symbiotic Relationship or Exploitation: Pets and Their Owners
Aquariums and Marine Parks: Conservation or Captivity?
Considering Veganism: Ethical Obligation or Personal Choice?
Lab-Grown Meat: A Viable Solution to Reduce Farm Animal Suffering?
Pesticides and Bee Colonies: Environmental Ethics and Responsibilities
Should Animals Have Legal Rights Comparable to Humans?
Birdsong and Language: Understanding Avian Communication
Hunting for Conservation: A Paradox or Viable Strategy?
Ecotourism: Opportunity for Wildlife Protection or Threat?
Horse Racing Industry: Sport or Animal Abuse?
Dolphin-Assisted Therapy: Healing or Harmful Practice?
Culling for Conservation: Justifiable or Short-Sighted?
Should Service Animals Be Used in Mental Health Therapy?
Anthropocentrism and Environmental Ethics: Rethinking Our Approach to Animals

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Social Science Research Topics for Animal Welfare

Table of contents.

This is a list of social science research topics related to animal welfare, developed by researchers on the Open Phil farm animal welfare (FAW) team.

Additional context:

In the interest of brevity, we have not provided much context for each topic. But if you are a graduate student or academic, we may be able to provide you with more detail on our motivation and our interpretation of the current literature. Please email Martin Gould with your questions, or any other feedback on this list.
The topics covered in this document are the ones we find most interesting; for other lists of research topics, see here . We do not attempt to cover animal welfare science in our list, and the topics are listed in no particular order (we don’t place a higher priority on those listed first).
In some areas, we are not fully up to date on the existing literature, so some of our questions may have been answered by research already conducted.
We think it is generally valuable to use back-of-the-envelope calculations to explore ideas and findings.
If you complete research on these topics, please feel free to share your work with us and the broader animal advocacy movement (one option is to post here ) . We’re happy to see published findings, working papers, and even detailed notes that you don’t intend to formally publish

Corporate commitments

How does this differ by the type of reform? (For example, cage-free vs. Better Chicken Commitment ?)
How does this differ by country or geographical region (For example, the EU vs. Brazil?)
What are the production costs associated with specific animal welfare reforms? Here is an example of such an analysis for the European Chicken Commitment .

Policy reform

Which jurisdictions are most amenable to FAW policy reform over the next 5-10 years? Which specific reform(s) are most tractable, and why?
To what extent is animal welfare a politically polarizing issue (i.e., clearly associated with a particular political affiliation)? Is this a barrier to reform? If so, how might political polarization of animal welfare be reduced?
What conclusions should be drawn about the optimal timing of policy reform campaigns?
What would be the cost-effectiveness of a global animal welfare benchmarking project? (That is, comparing FAW by country and by company, as a basis to drive competition. Similar models have been used in human rights and global development.)
Does this vary by geographical region (for example, Asia vs. Latin America)?

Alt protein

Is the displacement rate different across PBMA products? More specifically, does it differ between “next-generation” products like Beyond and Impossible vs. other PBMA products?
What other foods are PBMA products displacing? (For example, what fraction of PBMA units/meals are replacing tofu rather than chicken?)
What are the product qualities that are most important in driving this?
What share of the global meat market will PBMA and/or cultured meat products account for in 10, 30, or 50 years?
What is the impact on sales of labeling laws that restrict the terms that can be used to describe/advertise PBMAs and other plant-based products?
Are there clear ways in which non-PBMA plant-based products could be improved to increase uptake and displace meat consumption?
What government alt protein R&D is most impactful and tractable to advocate for?
How can alt protein be supported most effectively by government policy (outside of government R&D)?

Dietary/mindset change

What are the rates of vegetarianism and veganism (collectively “veg*nism”) in populous countries (e.g., the US , China, India, EU countries)? How have these changed, if at all, over recent decades?
What percentage of people will be veg*n in 20, 50, or 100 years?
Which settings are most conducive to running rigorous experiments on dietary change interventions, and how can these settings be accessed/used? (For example, college cafeterias often allow researchers to use data on purchases, which means they don’t have to rely on self-reports.)
What about the cost-effectiveness of documentaries or other forms of mass media?
How impactful are meat advertising bans such as this one ?
Has the success of animal advocacy efforts on social media changed over time (based on standard social media metrics and possibly other metrics)? If so, why might this be the case?
How impactful would it be to get more animal welfare content into TV shows and/or movies? If this seems promising, what are the best ways to achieve it?
How impactful would it be to get already sympathetic celebrities to speak up more about animal welfare? If this seems promising, what are the best ways to achieve it?

Movement building

How strong is the relationship between country-level per capita income/wealth and FAW reform tractability?
How does an increase in the number of advocates in a given geography increase (or otherwise impact) the likelihood of finding cost-effective interventions there?

Other interventions

The UN estimates that 17% of food is wasted. Are there any cost-effective ways to help animals by reducing animal product food waste?
In the retail sector, how have the availability and sales of shrimp products changed over time? When retailers and food service companies drop shrimp products from their assortment, what are the most common reasons (e.g., environmental concerns)?
Are there datasets which don’t exist (and could be funded by philanthropy or others) that would increase the effectiveness of the animal welfare movement?
What are effective ways to influence the views of more thought leaders, policymakers, and other elites on animal welfare?
Where is the use of broiler cages increasing, and how prevalent are they in those areas? Are there any tractable interventions that could undermine those trends?
What are the most tractable and cost-effective interventions to improve wild animal welfare?

Footnotes
1	We plan to share a list of topics suited to primary empirical social science at a later date.
2	See in , under the heading ‘Important Considerations’ from page 11.

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Rooted In Reading
Magic of Math

Free Resources

The best topic for animal research for kids.

Conducting animal research with elementary students is one of the school year’s highlights. Typically, it occurs toward the end of the year making it the perfect wrap-up project. I’ve completed much animal research for kids over the years, but one of my favorites is an animal research project on Alligators versus Crocodiles!

Telling the difference between the two is always a fun conversation to have with kids because it can just be so tricky! You can use this animal research topic for an engaging animal study or a full science, reading, and writing unit.

For these research activities, I like to let the students lead the way all while incorporating other reading comprehension skills, including identifying facts versus opinions and true versus false.

Now, I’d like to share a look into how this is structured in the classroom. I’ll be using our Rooted in Reading research unit to demonstrate and you’ll have access to a FREEBIE below.

Build Background Knowledge with Reptile Research

Using an anchor chart is literally to help anchor the lesson for the rest of the week. Before jumping into the research for alligators and crocodiles, start with a classroom discussion about reptiles and what students already know about alligators and crocodiles.

Find kid-friendly research links for students to browse and learn. You should begin by modeling for students how to use the research links to gather information about the animals they want to focus on.

At this point, you are showing students how to conduct research and begin to generate questions about what additional information they want to learn about the animals. You can jot down those questions on the anchor chart along with the details they already know.

You will continue to update the alligator versus crocodile research anchor chart throughout the lesson, circling back to add what students learned after they complete their animal research projects.

Now, it’s time to move on to gathering information.

Use Kid-Friendly Websites to Gather Facts

animal research for kids with alligators and crocodiles

The next phase of the student’s animal research is to collect information and facts. Before you begin the lessons, take some time to gather kid-friendly research links for students to use to gather the details they need for their projects.

Here are a few websites I recommend for researching alligators and crocodiles .

Nat Geo Kids
San Diego Zoo Webpage for Alligators
San Diego Zoo Webpage for Crocs

Students can choose whether to research alligators or crocodiles. They can use the corresponding recording sheets to collect their facts, such as:

Interesting Facts

Have students jot down notes and details as they read. Later, they will be compiling all of their research into a research booklet ! More on that later.

Incorporate Complementary Comprehension Skills

As students are conducting their animal research they will begin to come across various facts, thoughts, and opinions. This is an important point within the research study to help students understand the differences between fact and opinion and true and false.

True vs. False

When students are jotting down their notes, it’s important students understand that they should only be writing down true statements. In order to do this, a mini-lesson on true vs. false statements will help them be able to identify the differences.

One way we help students differentiate is by using a true vs. false statement matching activity. You can complete this as a stand-alone activity or during a whole group lesson.

What you will do is grab a collection of sentence cards with details about alligators or crocodiles and have students go through them. They will use a recording sheet to determine whether the sentence is true or false.

Facts vs. Opinions

Similarly to the lesson on true vs. false, students will likely encounter some opinions as they are gathering information. So, differentiating facts from opinions is an important skill to review as students are researching.

Separating facts and opinions can be tricky, so this comprehension skill may require a bit more practice.

First, you should begin by defining each. You can use digital posters to anchor the lesson and have them on display so students can have a reminder of the differences. As a class, help to model and discuss each.

Then, you will want to complete some complementary activities that focus on identifying facts and opinions.

One way to do this is by having students highlight facts and opinions in a passage on the animal research topic. Using a short passage on American alligators, students can highlight facts and opinions throughout using two highlighters in different colors for each category. They can do something similar for crocodiles.

An additional fact versus opinion activity is a Fact and Opinion sort. For this activity, students will be given sentences and a recording sheet with columns for facts and opinions. They will then sort each sentence into the correct columns.

For additional practice, you can grab a FREE Fact vs. Opinion activity inside my post on May read-aloud suggestions !

Animal Research Booklet

Taking all of the information they gathered during their research, making sure they are true and facts, students will craft a fun research booklet to showcase all of the details they’ve learned.

Students can create alligator or crocodile-shaped research booklets and inside the pages, they will write out the things they learned about those animals. Each page will have a fact about these ferocious reptiles!

If you’re conducting animal research with your students soon, consider this alligator versus crocodile research topic!

{ All of the activities mentioned in this post are part of the research unit included in our 1st Grade Rooted in Reading May resource, a full month of reading comprehension lesson plans and activities. }

Don’t forget this animal research for kids idea, save the image below for later!

Hi, I'm Amy

Hey, y’all! My name is Amy Lemons and I am passionate about providing students with both engaging and effective standards-based Math and ELA lessons.

FREE SAMPLE OF ROOTED IN READING!

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Articles making an impact in Animal Science and Zoology

Discover impactful articles published in our animal science and zoology journal portfolio with our High-Impact Research collections, featuring the most read, most cited, and most discussed articles published in recent years, which have caught the interest of your peers.

Animal Science

Ornithology.

Behavioral Ecology is broad-based and covers both empirical and theoretical approaches and published studies on the whole range of behaving organisms, including plants, invertebrates, vertebrates, and humans.

BioScience presents timely and authoritative overviews of current research in biology, accompanied by essays and discussion sections on education, public policy, history, and the conceptual underpinnings of the biological sciences.

Open access, Current Zoology publishes review articles and research papers in the fields of ecology, evolution and behaviour.

Integrative and Comparative Biology publishes forward-looking reviews, synthesis, perspectives and empirical articles in integrative, comparative and organismal biology.

Animal Frontiers publishes discussion and position papers that present international perspectives on high-impact, global issues in animal agriculture.

Journal of Animal Science provides new knowledge and perspectives across a range of topics in both animal production and fundamental aspects of genetics, nutrition, physiology, and the preparation and utilization of animal products.

Translational Animal Science encompasses a broad scope of research topics in animal science, focusing on translating basic science to innovation.

Aquatic Science

The Journal of Crustacean Biology publishes articles of broad interest on the biology of crustaceans and other marine arthropods.

Journal of Molluscan Studies publishes research on the biology of molluscs, including the developing subjects of molecular genetics, cladistic phylogenetics and ecophysiology, as well as ecological, behavioural and systematic malacology.

Annals of the Entomological Society of America publishes cutting-edge research, reviews, and collections on a common topic of broad interest, across the entomological disciplines.

Arthropod Management Tests publishes short reports from a single year on a routine screening test for management of arthropods that may be harmful or beneficial.

Environmental Entomology reports on the interaction of insects with the biological, chemical, and physical aspects of their environment.

Insect Systematics and Diversity publishes original research on systematics, evolution, and biodiversity of insects and related arthropods.

The Journal of Economic Entomology is the most-cited entomological journal and publishes articles on the economic significance of insects and other arthropods.

The Journal of Insect Science publishes articles based on original research, as well as Reviews, interpretive articles in a Forum section, and Short Communications in all fields of entomology.

An extension-focused journal publishing original articles on any aspect of integrated pest management. The Journal of Integrated Pest Management is targeted at a non-technical audience of farmers, pest control operators, foresters, and others.

Journal of Medical Entomology publishes reports on all phases of medical entomology and acarology, including the systematics and biology of insects, acarines, and other arthropods of public health and veterinary significance.

Promoting interest in mammals throughout the world, the Journal of Mammalogy publishes research on all aspects of the biology of mammals, including behavior, conservation, ecology, genetics, morphology, physiology, and taxonomy.

Mammalian Species is published by the American Society of Mammalogists with 15-35 individual species accounts issued each year, summarizing the current understanding of the biology of an individual species including systematics, distribution, fossil history, genetics, anatomy, physiology, behavior, ecology, and conservation.

Ornithology publishes original research from all parts of the globe that tests fundamental, scientific hypotheses through ornithological studies and advances our understanding of living or extinct bird species.

Ornithological Applications publishes original research, syntheses, and assessments on the application of scientific theory, ornithological knowledge, and methods to the conservation and management of birds and to policy.

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UConn Library
Animal Science Subject Guide
Research Topics

Animal Science Subject Guide — Research Topics

Starting Your Research Project
Searching Scholarly Databases
Encyclopedias & Handbooks
Finding Books
Other Information Sources
Useful Tools

Narrowing a topic

Sometimes narrowing to a specific topic does not come naturally and can be a difficult task. Here are some techniques available to make this process simpler.

First, pick a topic in which you are interested. You will spend a lot of time with your topic and you will do a better job with it if you find the topic enjoyable. As you search through potential topics, note which pique your interest and follow them further.
Look for a topic with some recent controversy or a set of related topics which can be compared and contrasted.
Pick a topic which you have some hope of understanding. If you cannot understand the basics you will not be able to write about it. Not all topics are appropriate for undergraduate paper writing.

Some additional sites with help on choosing and narrowing topics are listed below.

Choosing and Narrowing a Topic
Narrowing a Topic
Narrowing a Topic and Developing a Research Question
Identifying when a Topic is Too Narrow or Too Broad

Where to find possible topics for science papers

If you don't know on what topic you want to write a paper, start by looking in sources with broad spreads of relevant information.

Search any database by a particular journal or review journal (Science, Nature, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, etc.)
Look for a classic topic in your textbook
Scan popular science sciences magazines such as Bioscience, Scientific American, Discover, etc.
Go to the popular website www.sciencedaily.com which covers most aspects of science and search for a topic
Search for ideas in the encyclopedias, handbooks or other books listed in this guide on a separate page
If you have some idea of a topic, search for review articles on that topic in one of the science databases listed in this guide
Search the table of contents of a journal which specializes in review articles, such as Trends in Ecology and Evolution

94 Wildlife Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

🏆 best wildlife topic ideas & essay examples, ⭐ good research topics about wildlife, 👍 simple & easy wildlife essay titles, ❓ research questions about wildlife.

Wildlife Tourism Essay Tourism can lead to interference and destruction of the wildlife ecosystem, leading to decrease in the population of the animals and degradation of their habitats.
Wildlife Management and Extinction Prevention in Australia This paper investigates the threats to wildlife in Australia and strategies for managing and preventing their extinction. In summary, this paper examines the threats to wildlife in Australia and outlines strategies for managing and preventing […]
The Manas Wildlife Sanctuary A home to a great variety of wildlife and endangered species, the Manas Sanctuary is located in the Himalayan foothills, in the far eastern state of Assam.
Urban Wildlife Issues Actually, it is important to note that not all human developments are destructive; a focus toward taking care of or conserving animals in urban areas has promoted conservation and sustainability of environment and biodiversity.
Impact of Global Warming on Arctic Wildlife High surface temperatures lead to “the melting of ice in Polar Regions such as the Arctic and Antarctic regions causing a rise in the ocean and sea levels, which affects the amount and pattern of […]
Human-Wildlife Conflict: Vehicle Collisions With Animals The issue of collisions between wildlife and motor vehicles is a major challenge in most countries owing to the unpredictability of the animals’ closing in correspondence to the vast sizes of the parks and lands […]
Wildlife in Art, Science and Public Attitudes In her opinion, Hirst’s approach to art that involves “taking things out of the world” to get to their essence is extremely contradictory and aims to oversimplify the concept of wilderness.
American National Park Service and Wildlife The law reads in part: “to conserve the scenery and the natural and historic objects and the wild life therein and to provide for the enjoyment of the same in such manner and by such […]
Wildlife Management in Urban Areas The end result of reducing the number of predator and carnivores in a given ecological system will cause an imbalance that allows organisms in the lower levels of the food chain to multiply to the […]
Oil Drilling in the Alaska Wildlife Refuge Therefore, drilling for oil in the Alaska Wildlife Refuge would be seen as an act that could potentially harm not only the wildlife and ecosystem in that location, but also affect the well-being of other […]
Climate Crisis and Wildlife in Danger The structure of the presentation includes an explanation of the issue and reasons for the beagles’ rescue, followed by the time limit to find new homes for dogs and a chronology of facility inspections.
The US Fish and Wildlife Service and the US Forrest Service Refuge Management Thus, the aim is to sustain natural resources with the purpose of providing people with the necessary benefits while ensuring the activities do not lead to the deterioration of the land.
Wildlife Conservation and Food Safety for Human From the epidemiological investigation, the seafood market in Wuhan was termed as the cause of the outbreak and Coronavirus was identified as of bat origin.
Immunization of the Wildlife Population Against Rabies The only way of reducing the number of casualties is by preventing the disease. The efficacy of the method is shown by significant achievements in the reduction of the number of rabies cases among the […]
Should the Arctic National Wild Life Refuge Be Opened to Oil Drilling? The Baloney Detection Kit used in the series of discussions provides the guidelines for the arguments presented. Wherever there is a need to justify an argument advanced for the debate or against the drilling, the […]
How Global Warming Has an Effect on Wildlife? According to one of the most detailed ecological studies of climate change, global warming is already directly affecting the lives of animals and plants living in various habitats across the world.
Hunting in Wildlife Refuges in California In addition, the lack of regulations and the prohibition of hunting in wildlife refuges in its entirety has led to the overpopulation of certain species and the introduction of imbalance to the ecosystem, with the […]
Wildlife Controls Around Commercial Airports Managing the safety of the airports is one of the most important responsibilities of civil aviation authorities around the world. Security in the aviation sector is the factors often given priority because of the magnitude […]
Wildlife Control in and Around Airports The main purpose of the paper is to describe possible ways to protect and control the airport area from wild animals and birds that are potentially dangerous to the safety of passengers and can disrupt […]
Great Meadows National Wildlife Refuge’s Issues The article in question addresses the correlation between the value of property prices and the proximity of open spaces. The authors address two research questions, investigating the possibility of a correlation between the proximity of […]
Relations of World Wildlife Fund for Nature and Media The purpose of this NGO is to safeguard nature and to stop the degradation of the planet’s environment and “to build a future in which humans live in harmony with nature”.
Wildlife Forensic DNA Laboratory and Its Risks The mission of the Wildlife Forensic DNA Laboratory is to provide evidence to governmental and non-governmental organizations to ensure the protection of the wildlife in the country.
Water Transportation Industry’s Impact on Wildlife It is possible to note that emissions and the use of ballast water can be seen as serious issues that pose hazards to maritime animals.
Wildlife Parks Visitor Management Issues Administrators of wildlife parks have to employ different strategies of visitor management to ensure that they have a balance of demand by visitors and the available regeneration capacity of the wildlife parks.
Emerging Energy Development’ Impacts on Wildlife One of the major concerns involves the effect of energy development on wildlife and natural ecosystems. It is important to lessen the effects of energy development on wildlife and natural ecosystems.
A Call for Conservation of Arctic National Wildlife Refuge Though economic benefits of such drilling are obvious, they do not outweigh the need to preserve the pristine nature of the area o the benefit of thousands of animal and plant species that depend on […]
Learning During Wildlife Tours in Protected Areas: Towards a Better Understanding of the Nature of Social Relations in Guided Tours
Wildlife-Based Recreation and Local Economic Development
Location-Specific Modeling for Optimizing Wildlife Management on Crop Farms
African Wildlife Policy: Protecting Wildlife Herbivores on Private Game Ranches
Illegal Logging, Fishing, and Wildlife Trade
Network Structure and Perceived Legitimacy in Collaborative Wildlife Management
Protected Areas, Wildlife Conservation, and Local Welfare
Habitat Conservation, Wildlife Extraction, and Agricultural Expansion
The Transaction Costs Tradeoffs of Private and Public Wildlife Management
Caring for Native Wildlife Securing Permit and Approval
Evaluating Tax Policy Proposals for Funding Nongame Wildlife Programs
Dealing With Wildlife Damage to Crops
Clear Forest Cause Extinction of Wildlife
Forensic Techniques for Wildlife Crime
Bird and Wildlife Management at Airports
Economic Benefits, Conservation and Wildlife Tourism
Environmental Plans and Wildlife Management Programs
The Current Issues Involving Wind Farms and Wildlife
Ecological Fever: The Evolutionary History of Coronavirus in Human-Wildlife Relationships
Opportunities for Transdisciplinary Science to Mitigate Biosecurity Risks From the Intersectionality of Illegal Wildlife Trade With Emerging Zoonotic Pathogens
Mitigation Measures for Wildlife in Wind Energy Development
Ecology and Wildlife Risk Evaluation Analysis
Ethical Considerations for Wildlife Reintroductions and Rewilding
Save Wildlife and Forest for Our Future Generations
Spatial Data Analysis and Study of Wildlife Conservation
Global Warming and Its Threat to the Future of Wildlife and Its Habitat
Gabriela Cowperthwaite’s Blackfish: Treatment of the Sea World and Marine Wildlife
Information and Wildlife Valuation: Experiments and Policy
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge: Seasons of Life and Land
Identifying and Assessing Potential Wildlife Habitat Corridors
Regulating the Global Fisheries: The World Wildlife Fund, Unilever, and the Marine Stewardship Council
Wildlife Gardening and Connectedness to Nature: Engaging the Unengaged
Urban Sprawl: Impact Upon Wildlife
Human Activities, Wildlife Corridors, and Laws and Policies
Pollution and Its Effects on Wildlife
Tourism, Poaching, and Wildlife Conservation: What Can Integrated Conservation and Development Projects Accomplish
Wildlife-Based Tourism and Increased Tourist Support for Nature Conservation Financially and Otherwise
Supporting Sustainable Livelihoods Through Wildlife Tourism
Evolving Urban Wildlife Health Surveillance to Intelligence for Pest Mitigation and Monitoring
Gray Lodge Wildlife Area: A Home for the Animals
Can Local Communities Afford Full Control Over Wildlife Conservation?
What Is the Biggest Threat to Wildlife Today?
What Are the Major Causes of Loss of Wildlife?
Should the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge Be Opened to Oil Drilling?
How Does Hunting Affect Wildlife?
What Are the Effects of Wildlife Depletion?
What Is the Importance of Wildlife?
What Human Activities Badly Affect Wildlife?
What Will Happen if We Don’t Protect Wildlife?
What Are the Top Ten Ways to Save Wildlife?
What Are Man-Wildlife Conflicts?
What Are the Five Major Impacts Humans Have on the Environment?
How Killing Animals Affect the Wildlife Environment?
How Can We Prevent Human-Wildlife Conflict?
Where Is the Best Place to See Wildlife in the US?
What US National Park Has the Most Wildlife?
Does Florida Have a Lot of Wildlife?
What Wildlife Is in Yellowstone?
What Country Has the Most Exotic Wildlife?
How Humans Are Affecting Wildlife?
What Country Has the Best Wildlife?
What Continent Has the Most Wildlife?
What Is the Wildlife of Asia?
Which Country in Asia Has the Most Wildlife?
What Is the Most Common Wildlife in the Arctic?
Expedition Ideas
Zoo Research Ideas
Ecotourism Questions
Biodiversity Research Topics
Ecosystem Essay Topics
National Parks Research Topics
Environmental Protection Titles
Animal Welfare Ideas
Chicago (A-D)
Chicago (N-B)

IvyPanda. (2024, March 2). 94 Wildlife Essay Topic Ideas & Examples. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/wildlife-essay-topics/

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Bibliography

IvyPanda . "94 Wildlife Essay Topic Ideas & Examples." March 2, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/wildlife-essay-topics/.

How to Explode Student Engagement with this Habitat Research Project

Habitat Research Report for Primary Students Blog Post by The Mountain Teacher 202

One HUGE 2nd grade standard is researching and learning about animals and their adaptations. Students LOVE this unit, but teachers can be intimidated by the overwhelming pressure involved in guiding student research at such a young age. I love doing this 2nd grade animal research project with my students every March! This project has been reworked for a digital platform as well .

Animal Habitat Research Report for 2nd or 3rd Graders01

I love to start by playing a Brain Pop Jr, Flocabulary or YouTube video for my kids on all of the different habitats that exist. Typically, we have previously researched habitats during our social studies unit before starting this writing project, so they already have the background knowledge.

Then, I let students pick the habitat they are most interested in studying. From there, they pick 3-4 animals that live in the habitat that they would like to research more about. We use National Geographic Kids , Epic! Books and library books [all free resources] to learn about our animals.

2. RESEARCH/PLANNING

Animal Habitat Research Report for 2nd or 3rd Graders Graphic Organizer

The next day, I model my own notes for students. Then, I give students lots of time to research their animals and take notes. It is really important that you are walking around the room and guiding students during this time.

If you have a struggling group of writers, I like to work with them at the back table during this time. We all research the same animals and take notes together. This helps them build confidence and feel sure about their writing in future days.

3. DRAFTING

I break drafting days up into 2 days so that students can really focus on the craft of what they are writing. I also always model before releasing students to write on their own.

Animal Habitat Research Report for 2nd or 3rd Graders Graphic Organizer for Draft

Depending on what we have covered so far in the year, I encourage students to be sure to add:

embedded definitions
transition words
conjunctions
adjectives, adverbs and prepositions where appropriate
3-4 details per fact

4. PUBLISHING/GRADING

Animal Habitat Research Report for 2nd or 3rd Graders 303

On the last day for each animal (typically Friday), I give students time to publish. While they publish, I model then ask them to add a map and diagram to their writing. I also show them how to grade themselves on the rubric, so they can double check that they are not missing anything.

After they finish, I give them free time to explore other animals in their habitat while I grade their writing. I find grading at the end of each animal rather than at the end of the entire project saves me a TON of time.

We repeat steps 2-4 for either 3 or 4 animals. Some students may work faster, while some may take a bit more time on each step. I try to adjust the project to be appropriate for the majority of the class.

When the project is done, I try to find a special way for us to share our work. This can include sharing to younger buddies, parents or doing an author’s chair.

Since they work so hard on this project, we make a BIG DEAL out of the finished project, and I typically send it home with parents during conferences. It makes a great writing portfolio and talking piece with parents.

Digital Animal Habitat Research Report for 2nd or 3rd Graders101

Teaching digitally or wanting to add a digital component to your writing block? This project can also be completed in a digital format . Students will go through the same process, completing all of their work on Google Slides rather than writing using paper and pencil.

Grab the resources pictured above here:

Animal Habitat Research Report Writing Project for Elementary Students01

Do you teach about a 2nd grade animal research project each year? Drop your ideas in the comments below!

Some other posts you might find helpful are:

Teaching Animal Habitats During Science Ideas
Animal Adaptations Writing Project
Life Science Unit: Animal Adaptation

Emily - The Mountain Teacher

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Best Animal Research Topics for Your Research Papers

Animals, of course is what almost everyone can relate with. However, you may never know you don’t know much about animals until your professor ask you to write a research paper on animals. Then you will begin to realize you have limited or no idea about some animals you have seen regularly.

Animal research paper may not be as easy as you think. Getting the right topic idea before the proper writing is as difficult as writing itself. Since you are writing about a general subject such as animals, the most impressive thing is to write about a seemingly unpopular idea about animals. This will make your research paper more valuable and commendable.

Your next question will then be, how do I get the right animal research topics? No doubt, it seems difficult to get the right topic to write about animals. However, we have helped to compile the best topics to consider in your next research paper. In this piece, you will find several topics for different types of essays and research papers.

Easy Animals Research Topics

There is no doubt about it, there are topics that can be considered as easy for research writing. Such topics are easy to research and develop. Students who do not enjoy tedious research will rather go for this kind of topic. The following are easy animal research paper topics you can consider;

What is an Asiatic horse breed and what are its characteristics?
Dog vs cat: What are the similarities and differences between these two pets?
Simple ways to train a pony quickly.
Can Polar bears be seen at the South Pole?
Identifying the top 3 weirdest animals on Earth and their characteristics.
What is poaching and what are the negative effects?
What are penguins and why are they known as flightless birds?
An in-depth analysis of Africa and its vast wildlife.
What are migratory birds: Identifying the classification and characteristics.
Poaching and its negative effects on wildlife and methods to discourage it.

Best Animal Research Topics and Questions

Every research paper must be able to give answers to a research question. In the case of animals, some questions beg for answers that can be considered for research writing. These kinds of questions present your research writing as a valid and relatable one. You can consider the following animal research questions in your next paper writing;

Testing of antibiotics on animals: is it appropriate or the wrong approach?
The extinction of dinosaurs: what are the factors responsible for their extinction?
What is an exotic pet and how do you care for it?
What is a better pet between a dog and a cat?
What animal should be considered the largest predator and what are its characteristics?
Keeping animals in zoos: will you consider this inhumane treatment?
Do humans have the right to kill animals and what are animal rights?
Hunting for sport: Is this activity improper and should it be banned?
What are endangered species and how can they be protected?
Exotic pets in the United Kingdom: What are the excesses and why should they be banned?

Simple Animal Topics for Research Papers on Animal Rescue

Animal rescue is an important discussion on animals in recent times. There are mixed submissions about this subject and these discussions have given birth to a lot of controversies. Addressing any of such topics in your research paper writing proves your knowledge about animals. Here are topics on animal rescue you can consider for your research writing;

Rescuing animals in need or danger: what we should all know.
A simple review of the Australian bushfire and its effects on wildlife.
Poor social skills in rescuing animals and how to develop effectiveness.
A simple review of wildfire in the United State and the consequent effect on wildlife.
Rescuing dogs in the military: what are the resources guarding problems and how to address them?
Analyzing the lack of proper veterinary care for rescued animals.
What is an anxiety problem in animals using rescuing dogs as a case study?
Evaluating rescue cats and their destructive problem.
Analyzing the end of life of rescue animals: What eventually happened to these animals?
Inadequate screening for the adoption of rescue animals and its effects on the entire process.

Animal Research Project Ideas College

College students who study animal science-related courses are likely to write often about animals. As such, there should be a dedicated topic section for college students. Writing about animals as a college student is no less than writing as a university student. However, college students should consider writing on the following topics about animals;

Should a college student consider having a pet and what pet is the best consideration?
Tardigrades: Do tardigrades live in space and how do they survive?
Evaluating the process of using snake venom in the production of anticancer drugs.
What are the factors to consider before buying your kids a pet?
Analyzing the animal fight in the United Kingdom and the effect on animal rights.
What are psychological issues present in zoo animals?
Cats’ vaccination: What are the effects and why is it important?
Evaluating animals in extreme weather conditions: What are their features and adaptation methods?
Lab mice: why are these animals considered a perfect fit for experiments?
What are dog vaccines and what is their importance?

Best Dog Research Topics

Dogs by far seem to be the most popular animals and pets on Earth. There are a lot of interesting things to explore about this unique animal. You may then want to write some research papers on dogs and their uniqueness. Here are research topics about dogs to consider;

Research paper on the evolution of dogs from Gray Wolf.
Dog as a human best pet ever: What are the factors responsible for dog wide acceptance as the best pet?
All you need to know about classical conditioning and how to teach new tricks to your dog.
What is ropeless dog lead and how feasible is this dog leading model?
How to address the moral dilemma of incessant barking in dogs.
Identifying the aggressive and unaggressive breeds of dogs and factors responsible for such behaviors.
How does tail wagging signify the emotion and expression of happiness in dogs?
What is animal-assisted therapy and how does your dog qualify for one?
What is operant conditioning in dogs and what are the consequences?
Why is a protection dog important and what breeds are the most suitable?

Animal Rights Topics for Research Paper

Animal rights have been one of the most trending topics about animals in recent times. While it is difficult to believe that animals have rights, a lot of people need to understand that they really do. Writing a research paper on animal rights can be an attempt to establish the truth about animals and their rights. The following are animal rights research topics to consider in your next research writing;

Animal rights movement in the United State: an overview of the goals of the movement.
Do animals require more rights and what should they be?
An overview of animal rights in China and how effective it is.
Discussing animal rights in the United Kingdom and evaluating the implementation so far.
Does keeping animals in zoos violate animal rights and what are the best zoological practices?
What are the violations of animal rights in fishing practices?
What is the implication of animal rights on invasive species?
Analyzing animal rights in Europe and what are the clauses that make up the right?
Evaluating cow rights in India and Africa: what are the best practices to maintain animal rights?
Can predator animals be killed without breaking animal rights rules?

Persuasive Essay Topics About Animals

Discussions on animals will either take the form of support or oppose the motion. While everyone may not have the same idea, persuasive essays help establish your idea in the best way to convince others. There are a lot of topics about animals that are best discussed in a persuasive essay. The following are persuasive animal topics to write about;

Stopping deforestation and how it can help in preserving wildlife.
A persuasive essay on stopping the eating of animal food to preserve animal life.
What are the effects of global warming on wildlife and what we can do to ease the effect?
What is using animals in circuses and why you should stop the act.
What is pet insurance, does it worth it and why should you consider it?
What are the negative effects of pollution on animals and what we should do to help the situation?
Why should pet owners adopt their pets rather than buy them?
Why you should not consider foxes as pets.
Why you should stop eating pork and what are the health benefits attached to this action?
Why you should get your pet a microchip for easy control and communication?

Argumentative Topics About Animals

An argumentative essay is the type of essay that seeks to argue out a point to convince others. The topic for such an essay must be one that allows for heated discussion on the subject of animals. There are quite a lot of animal topics that have generated debates over time. You can write an argumentative essay on the following research topics about animals;

Do cats make the best pets as opposed to dogs?
Why is it inappropriate to hold animals in captivity and what should be the right practices?
Should exotic pet ownership be banned and why should this happen?
Should a man feed wildlife and why?
Debate on whether zoos should be more regulated and why?
Debates on whether the Massai should be stopped from hunting lions and why?
Are Hyenas becoming endangered species and arguing the causes.
Why do we need more elephant sanctuaries and what is their importance?
Debates on why dogs should be considered the best service animals and why?
Arguing on the importance of flies to mankind as opposed to their disadvantages.

Veterinarian Research Paper Topics

Veterinarians are known to be the closest to animals. They are considered to have more understanding of animals than any other kind of person. As such, veterinarian subjects about animals must be more complex and detailed. Here are topics about animals for veterinarian research paper writing;

Veterinarian: Explain the concept of veterinary and what are its unique functions?
What are the dangers and the challenges of being a veterinary?
How does a veterinarian explain Brucellosis?
What are the most common health challenges of cats in the United Kingdom?
Discussion on the recent biomedical research on animals.
Poor veterinary care in rural Europe and the effects on animals.
Identifying the technological breakthroughs in veterinary medicine and how they have enhanced animal care.
Tapeworm infection in animals: what is the best approach to address it in dogs and cats?
What is the veterinarian’s conclusion on using punishment for pet training purposes?
What is mycotoxicosis and why are the implications on the health of animals?

Interesting Animal Research Topics

Animals research papers can be an interesting topic to discuss. Animals of course can be interesting to study in certain aspects. You must consider intriguing topics about animals to create an interesting animal research paper. The following are good topics for interesting animal research topics;

Should mosquitoes be considered useless insects and what are the reasons?
Analyzing the Lion pride of African wildlife.
Exploring the anatomy of the hyena and what are its most striking features?
What are Tardigrades: Exploring the features of this special animal.
What is the IUCN red list of threatened species and what are the implications?
Animal adaptation and survival in the desert: what features are responsible for the adaptation process?
A cross-analysis of the butterfly life cycle and what are the interesting things to note?
Dolphin: What factors make them intelligent animals as they are portrayed?
Medical testing on animals: Is it a justifiable act or an inappropriate action?
What are the unique features of monkeys that make tree climbing so easy for them?

Animal Topics About Your Favorite Pet

Writing about your favorite pet might be one of the easiest animal essay writings. Since you are close to your favorite pet, you should have more to say about the pet. As such, your writing must be written from a standpoint of a firsthand experience. The following are animal research paper topics good for your research writing on your favorite pet;

What animal would you consider your favorite animal and why have you made the decision?
Which animal can be considered the funniest animal and what are its characteristics?
What features of the dog contribute to it being the most favorite pet of man?
Should you consider owning an exotic pet? Why and why not?
What can be considered the trait of your favorite animal?
Can animals ever be loyal? Using a case study of your favorite animal.
What is the best animal in the world and why will you consider it so?
An essay on the death of your favorite pet and what led to the death.
What animal would be your favorite pet if you could tame wildlife?
Comparing dogs and cats: Which animal is best for pets and what are the reasons?

Animal Research Topics for High School Students

High School students study a subject called animal science. This subject exposes them to some theories about animals and their characteristics. As such, high school students may write an essay or mini research on any animal of their choice. Here are some animal research topics high school students can consider;

Expensive veterinary care: what factors are responsible for the high cost of service?
Identifying the similarities and the difference between camels and dromedaries.
Should high school students be allowed to come with their pets?
Analyzing the conversion of wild animals to pets in the United States.
What is a local animal shelter and how can you adopt animals from there?
Can an elephant ever swim or it is just an assumption?
First-hand comparison of a cat and dog from a student who has both as pets.
Identifying irresponsible breeding of dogs and what are the consequences?
Killer whale and how it hunts its prey.
What is an Orangutan and analyzing its habitat loss?

Animal Abuse Research Topics

Animal rights advocates have over time insisted that animals are being abused. In fact, keeping animals in zoos is considered to be one such act of animal cruelty. Being a controversial topic, you can choose to write a research paper on it. Here are topics on animal abuse you can write about in your research paper;

Prevailing animal abuse acts in the United States.
What is the difference between animal abuse and animal cruelty?
Animal abuses in China and what are the moves to curtail the act.
What is animal hoarding behavior and what are the effects on animal health?
The relationship between cruelty towards animals and their aggressive response.
Can we consider animal testing as animal abuse?
Analyzing animal neglect as a form of animal abuse.
India and the rising case of animal abuse: Cow and bull as a case study.
Animal fights and sports as a form of animal abuse and cruelty.
An overview of the animal abuse law in the United States.

Endangered Animal Research Topics

Certain animals are considered to be endangered species. This is because due to manhunts and poaching they are becoming extremely rare. There are many of these animals and you can choose to write a research paper on any of them. Here are the best research questions about animals called endangered species;

What is the whooping crane and can it be saved?
The Bonobo monkey and how it can be saved from extinction.
Peregrine falcon: Where was it found, what treatment is it subjected to, and how can it be preserved?
What is the Galapagos penguin and what factors make it an endangered species?
The black-footed ferret and its high chances of getting extinct.
Whale shark: what are its vulnerabilities and the moves to save it from extinction?
What is the monarch butterfly, where is it found, and how can it be preserved?
What are the factors responsible for the dwindling population of the loggerhead sea turtle?
The shout Asian dolphin, its vulnerability, and how it can be saved.
Evaluating the extinction of the dinosaur and factors that may be responsible for this.

How Can I Get My Animal Research Paper?

Writing your animal research topics become an easy task when you have the right topic to research. You only do the task of carrying out research and developing your point. However, when you are a student with a lot of social activities alongside your academics, these simple tasks may seem cumbersome also.

We have got you covered as we have a service that allows you to order your research paper. Our league of writers features experts in animal science and related courses who can write you a perfect research paper. You can achieve this by contacting our support agent to inquire about the ordering process. You can rest assured of a high-quality paper with no grammatical errors or plagiarism when you use this service.

Research papers on animal topics are inevitable for students who study animal science, zoology, biology, and some other related courses. All levels of education including universities, colleges, and high school students can write on this subject matter. There are various subject matters in animal science to discuss and evaluate.

There is a lot of discourse such as animal abuse, animal rights, and animal cruelty that can be the central idea of a research paper. While some of these ideas might be difficult to analyze, having the right topics can make it a seamless task as it will give you headway. However, if you still find it difficult to write your research paper, you can order an animal research paper expert on our platform.

Hire a dissertation writer and explore a wide range of captivating animal research topics with the expertise of our professional writers. Our skilled team is ready to assist you in selecting compelling topics and crafting high-quality research papers that meet the highest academic standards.

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Chinese farmed fur animals found to harbor dozens of novel viruses

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Hidden reservoirs: Mink, raccoon dogs, and other fur animals may be breeding grounds for the next pandemic, with newly discovered viruses posing a serious threat to global health.

Study: Farmed fur animals harbour viruses with zoonotic spillover potential. Image Credit: chinahbzyg / Shutterstock

In a recent study published in the journal Nature , researchers conducted a metatranscriptomic investigation of Chinese farmed fur mammals suspected to have died from viral diseases to elucidate if these animals served as a reservoir for viral strains with zoonotic spillover potential. This comprehensive analysis highlights the critical role of fur animals as potential vectors for future pandemics.

Next-generation sequencing of tissues from 461 individual samples collected across 28 species revealed 125 vertebrate-associated virus species from 20 viral families, significantly higher than previously estimated.

Notably, the study identified 36 novel viruses and at least 39 viruses meeting the criteria for high-risk transmission, including seven coronaviruses , depicting cross-species transmission and zoonotic spillover potential. This includes the identification of a novel MERS-like coronavirus in mink and three subtypes of influenza A virus, further expanding the known host range for these pathogens.

At least 39 of the viruses, including multiple coronaviruses, pose a significant threat of jumping from animals to humans.

The study expanded the known ranges of several virus species and identified previously unknown hosts as disease reservoirs. It highlights mink (reservoir for 23 virus species from 11 viral families), raccoon dogs (19 virus species from 14 viral families), Arctic foxes (13 virus species from 6 viral families), and guinea pigs (potential intermediate host for pathogen transmission) as animals requiring intensive surveillance lest they serve as the trigger for a viral outbreak of pandemic proportions.

Co-infection between different mammalian hosts was observed to be common, with 15 virus species transmitting between fur animals of different orders. For example, the study detected Japanese encephalitis virus in guinea pigs, a virus typically associated with human and swine infections. This finding underscores the broad host spectrum and significant cross-species transmission potential of the identified viruses.

Despite the substantial number of human-specific pathogenic viruses in global circulation, most recent disease outbreaks of epidemic or pandemic proportions (Ebola, SARS, MERS, HIV, Lyme disease, Rift Valley fever, Lassa fever, and COVID-19) have resulted from the zoonotic spillover of their causative agents from animals to humans.

The United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) estimates that 60% of known infectious diseases and 75% of emerging infectious diseases originate in animal reservoirs. This highlights the importance of surveillance and research in preventing the next pandemic event.

Modern advances in viral sequencing technologies have enabled high-throughput pathogen screening of farmed animals, arguably the more frequent source of human disease genesis and transmission.

Unfortunately, most research efforts have hitherto focused on conventional livestock (e.g., cows, goats, and swine), with fur animals (e.g., muskrats, mink, and deer) largely overlooked.

Furthermore, most metagenomic investigations of animal viruses use pooled fecal samples (combining multiple individuals from the same species or location), which, while relevant in diversity and evolutionary analyses, fails to unravel prevalence and co-infection processes.

"…fur animals such as foxes, civets and mink have been suggested to be the potential hosts for a variety of human viruses, including influenza A virus (IAV), SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, and outbreaks of H5N1 IAV have recently been reported in farmed European mink. As humans regularly come into contact with farmed animals, it is critical to improve our knowledge of the viruses that circulate among farmed fur animals and their potential for zoonotic transmission."

About the study

The present study aims to address current knowledge gaps by individually sampling 461 fur animals from across China (a region historically associated with zoonotic outbreaks yet hitherto understudied) to elucidate animal species at heightened risk of serving as viral reservoirs, thereby guiding future surveillance efforts.

The study documented frequent virus transmission between different species, including mink, raccoon dogs, and guinea pigs, raising alarm over potential human infection.

Species were categorized as 'main' fur animals (those only farmed for fur and not for food; n = 164 samples from 4 species) and 'multipurpose' farmed animals (n = 297 samples from 24 species). Sample collection was carried out between 2021 and 2024 on dead fur mammals suspected of dying from disease.

Sample tissue collection comprised 441 intestinal, 225 lung, and one liver sample. Mitochondrial cytochrome B ( Cytb ) confirmed the species of fur animals sampled genetically.

The Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform was used for RNA sequencing, followed by MEGAHIT (v.1.2.8) for the de novo assembly of the rRNA library. Assembled contigs were passed through a non-redundant protein database (Diamond blastx) to identify viruses within the tissue samples. The Bowtie2 platform was used to estimate viral abundance in each sample (metric = reads mapped per million [RPM]).

"We categorized three types of potentially high-risk viruses: (1) a zoonotic virus was defined as a virus that has been found at least once in humans; (2) a cross-order virus was defined as a virus that has not yet been reported to infect humans, but which has been found in two or more animal orders; and (3) a novel potential risk virus was defined as a virus with >60% amino acid similarity to known viruses, where the genus in question has been found in more than three mammalian orders," the researchers explained.

Study findings

Phylogenetic analysis revealed 125 vertebrate-associated virus species (20 families) across the 461 samples, including 36 previously undescribed species (12 families) absent from the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Alarmingly, zoonotic viral risk criteria highlighted 13 of these novel species as 'high-risk,' emphasizing the need for further research into their epidemiology.

Three hundred thirty-five host samples (>72%) were found positive for at least one virus species, with the study demonstrating a >60% increase in virus host range over previously known. Most fur animal species investigated were found to play host to between 2 and 23 virus species.

Mink, guinea pigs, raccoon dogs, and Arctic foxes were found to be the most generalist hosts, acting as reservoirs for 23, 20, 19, and 13 virus species, respectively.

Of particular concern is the identification of Pipistrellus bat coronavirus HKU5-like viruses in mink, highlighting a cross-order transmission event with significant zoonotic potential. Additionally, novel influenza A viruses, such as H5N6 and H6N2, were detected in mink and muskrat, respectively, indicating these animals could serve as important intermediate hosts in viral transmission chains.

Co-infection between interspecific mammalian hosts was observed to be commonplace – 15 virus species were found to transmit between fur animals of different orders, 11 of which display the potential for zoonotic transmission to humans.

Together, these findings highlight farmed fur animals as significant reservoirs of potential epi- or pandemic-triggering viral pathogens, underscoring the need for extensive surveillance and research efforts to restrict the transmission of these viromes to humans and other domesticated or wild mammalian populations.

"The order Carnivora carried the highest number of potentially high-risk viruses in this study, while guinea pigs (Rodentia) also carried a high diversity of viruses, including JEV and IAV. Guinea pigs may, therefore, act as intermediate hosts in virus transmission chains and warrant more intensive surveillance," the study concludes.

Conclusions

The present study identified Chinese farmed fur animals (28 species) as unprecedented reservoirs of more than 125 virus species (20 families), 36 novel to science, and at least 13 categorized as 'high-risk' for their zoonotic transmission potential to humans.

Furthermore, the study revealed high-priority species (e.g., guinea pigs, muskrats, and mink) and frequent co-infections between mammals and humans, highlighting the need for enhanced surveillance and research to avoid and address future zoonotic outbreaks.

The study's findings provide crucial reference data for understanding the potential for fur animals to trigger future outbreaks, emphasizing the importance of ongoing virological surveillance to protect public health.

Zhao, J., Wan, W., Yu, K. et al. Farmed fur animals harbour viruses with zoonotic spillover potential. Nature (2024), DOI – 10.1038/s41586-024-07901-3, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07901-3

Posted in: Medical Science News | Medical Research News | Disease/Infection News

Tags: Amino Acid , Coronavirus , covid-19 , Encephalitis , Epidemiology , Fever , Food , Global Health , H5N1 , HIV , Illumina , Infectious Diseases , Influenza , Japanese Encephalitis , Liver , Lyme Disease , Pandemic , Pathogen , Protein , Public Health , Research , Rift Valley Fever , RNA , RNA Sequencing , SARS , SARS-CoV-2 , Virus

Hugo Francisco de Souza

Hugo Francisco de Souza is a scientific writer based in Bangalore, Karnataka, India. His academic passions lie in biogeography, evolutionary biology, and herpetology. He is currently pursuing his Ph.D. from the Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, where he studies the origins, dispersal, and speciation of wetland-associated snakes. Hugo has received, amongst others, the DST-INSPIRE fellowship for his doctoral research and the Gold Medal from Pondicherry University for academic excellence during his Masters. His research has been published in high-impact peer-reviewed journals, including PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases and Systematic Biology. When not working or writing, Hugo can be found consuming copious amounts of anime and manga, composing and making music with his bass guitar, shredding trails on his MTB, playing video games (he prefers the term ‘gaming’), or tinkering with all things tech.

Please use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report:

Francisco de Souza, Hugo. (2024, September 09). Chinese farmed fur animals found to harbor dozens of novel viruses. News-Medical. Retrieved on September 09, 2024 from https://www.news-medical.net/news/20240909/Chinese-farmed-fur-animals-found-to-harbor-dozens-of-novel-viruses.aspx.

Francisco de Souza, Hugo. "Chinese farmed fur animals found to harbor dozens of novel viruses". News-Medical . 09 September 2024. <https://www.news-medical.net/news/20240909/Chinese-farmed-fur-animals-found-to-harbor-dozens-of-novel-viruses.aspx>.

Francisco de Souza, Hugo. "Chinese farmed fur animals found to harbor dozens of novel viruses". News-Medical. https://www.news-medical.net/news/20240909/Chinese-farmed-fur-animals-found-to-harbor-dozens-of-novel-viruses.aspx. (accessed September 09, 2024).

Francisco de Souza, Hugo. 2024. Chinese farmed fur animals found to harbor dozens of novel viruses . News-Medical, viewed 09 September 2024, https://www.news-medical.net/news/20240909/Chinese-farmed-fur-animals-found-to-harbor-dozens-of-novel-viruses.aspx.

How can microdialysis benefit drug development

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Global and Local Efforts to Take Action Against Hepatitis

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In this interview, we explore global and local efforts to combat viral hepatitis with Lindsey Hiebert, Deputy Director of the Coalition for Global Hepatitis Elimination (CGHE), and James Amugsi, a Mandela Washington Fellow and Physician Assistant at Sandema Hospital in Ghana. Together, they provide valuable insights into the challenges, successes, and the importance of partnerships in the fight against hepatitis.

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162 Best Animal Research Topics To Nail Your Paper In 2023
162 Best Animal Research Topics To Nail Your Paper In ...
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Estimates for the total number of animals used in research worldwide range widely, from over 100 million to over 190 million, while estimates for the U.S. range from 12-24 million. In the U.S., researchers are not required to report the numbers of rats, mice, and birds used in experiments, and these species combined make up an estimated 93-97% ...
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Here are a few websites I recommend for researching alligators and crocodiles. Ducksters. Nat Geo Kids. DK Findout. San Diego Zoo Webpage for Alligators. San Diego Zoo Webpage for Crocs. Students can choose whether to research alligators or crocodiles. They can use the corresponding recording sheets to collect their facts, such as: Habitat.
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Discover impactful articles published in our animal science and zoology journal portfolio with our High-Impact Research collections, featuring the most read, most cited, and most discussed articles published in recent years, which have caught the interest of your peers. Animal Science. Entomology. Mammology. Ornithology.
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Nepenthes alata (Asian pitcher plant) Sarracenia purpurea (American pitcher plant) Drosera adelae (Sundew) Concept 3. Digestive enzymes. Chitanase. Purple acid phosphatase. RNase T2. Add Boolean Operators (AND & OR) to structure the search in a database search interface.
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Experiment with Animal Behavior Science Projects (14 results) Experiment with Animal Behavior Science Projects. (14 results) Investigate a question about animal ethology, their behavior. Discover what safely repels ants, how animals prefer to eat, what environments animals prefer, or how animals journey. Understanding Wolf Behavior from GPS ...
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How to Explode Student Engagement with this Habitat Research Project
REPEAT. We repeat steps 2-4 for either 3 or 4 animals. Some students may work faster, while some may take a bit more time on each step. I try to adjust the project to be appropriate for the majority of the class. 6. SHARE. When the project is done, I try to find a special way for us to share our work.
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Simple Animal Topics for Research Papers on Animal Rescue. Animal rescue is an important discussion on animals in recent times. There are mixed submissions about this subject and these discussions have given birth to a lot of controversies. Addressing any of such topics in your research paper writing proves your knowledge about animals.
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Drawing on research from a diverse array of fields not commonly referrred to within health understandings (citizen science, leisure, tourism, and volunteer studies) and the growing research on pets and human health, an "animal therap/eutic spectrum" that includes but is not restricted to emerging definitions of AAI can be distinguished.
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