alternative words for paraphrasing

Advanced Paraphrasing Tool

Elevate your writing with our free and ai-powered paraphraser. instantly correct or rephrase your sentences in different tones., paraphrasing tool, please rewrite my sentence, what is paraphrasing.

Paraphrasing is the art of rewriting text into other words. This includes using synonyms, restructuring phrases, and connecting ideas in different ways. A state-of-the-art paraphraser provides automatic and simple-to-use rephrasing of complete sentences.

Why Should I Paraphrase My Sentences?

By paraphrasing existing sentences, you can elevate your writing and achieve different goals as a writer. That’s why rephrasing is helpful in plenty of cases: rewriting citations, strengthening the message of your text, and rewording your ideas while improving style.

How Does Rephrasing Help Me Become a Better Writer?

This feature is highly customizable, meaning you’re in control. Choose from five different categories—general, formal, concise, fluent, or simple—to transform your writing to better suit the context and tone. Paraphrasing helps you by refining and perfecting your masterpieces.

Where Can I Use the Paraphrasing Tool?

Rephrasing is available wherever and whenever! All you need is a LanguageTool account and a stable internet connection to rewrite your sentences in almost all of LanguageTool's extensions. The feature is easily accessible for everyone that aims to improve their writing.

Thunderbird

What exactly does an online paraphraser do.

LanguageTool’s paraphrasing feature does so much more than just rewrite sentences. Not only does it check for stronger, more suitable word choice, but it also corrects your sentence as a whole to ensure high-quality writing. With its intuitive and user-friendly interface, everyone can leverage Artificial Intelligence to achieve the best results possible.

What Other Features Does LanguageTool’s Paraphraser Provide?

The best part of using A.I. to paraphrase your writing is that the suggested sentences come free of spelling, grammar, and punctuation errors. Want to also improve style? Simply go back to the general correction to view stylistic suggestions.

As multilingual as you

Make your text sound professional and avoid embarrassing style, punctuation, and grammar mistakes

It’s an online tool that rewrites texts in a new (stylistically different) way by using alternative wording and a rephrased sentence structure.

This function is recommended for all types of texts, including professional, academic, and creative writing. It’s available for all LanguageTool users, but unlimited paraphrasing is only available in Premium.

A paraphrasing tool can easily enhance your writing by improving the tone and style of your text. Moreover, it helps you avoid having to write direct citations by rewriting copy-and-pasted text.

Premium accounts offer even more useful and powerful features:

Only with Premium

Sentence correction of longer texts

Style guide for customizing individual rules

Team features for companies

More in-depth suggestions, especially for word choice and style

How Can I Effectively Use the Rephrasing Tool?

For basic users, the paraphrasing feature is limited to three times daily. If you need more rephrased sentences, you can upgrade to LanguageTool Premium to get access to unlimited paraphrasing in six languages and several English dialects. Remember: No personal data is stored (ever) and privacy guidelines are strictly followed (always).

Strengthen Your Communication Skills

Try out the best paraphrasing tool for free and discover how LanguageTool can elevate your writing.

Paraphrasing Tool

Paraphrasing Tool powered by QuillBot. Paraphrase everywhere with the free Chrome Extension .

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Avoid plagiarism in your paraphrased text

What is a paraphrasing tool?

This AI-powered paraphrasing tool lets you rewrite text in your own words. Use it to  paraphrase articles, essays, and other pieces of text. You can also use it to rephrase sentences and find synonyms for individual words. And the best part? It’s all 100% free!

What is paraphrasing?

Paraphrasing involves expressing someone else’s ideas or thoughts in your own words while maintaining the original meaning. Paraphrasing tools can help you quickly reword text by replacing certain words with synonyms or restructuring sentences. They can also make your text more concise, clear, and suitable for a specific audience. Paraphrasing is an essential skill in academic writing and professional communication. 

Why use this paraphrasing tool?

• Save time: Gone are the days when you had to reword sentences yourself; now you can rewrite an individual sentence or a complete text with one click.
• Improve your writing: Your writing will always be clear and easy to understand. Automatically ensure consistent language throughout. 
• Preserve original meaning: Paraphrase without fear of losing the point of your text.
• No annoying ads: We care about the user experience, so we don’t run any ads.
• Accurate: Reliable and grammatically correct paraphrasing.
• No sign-up required: We don’t need your data for you to use our paraphrasing tool.
• Super simple to use: A simple interface even your grandma could use.
• It’s 100% free: No hidden costs, just unlimited use of a free paraphrasing tool.

People are in love with our paraphrasing tool

No Signup Needed

You don’t have to register or sign up. Insert your text and get started right away.

The Paraphraser is Ad-Free

Don’t wait for ads or distractions. The paraphrasing tool is ad-free!

Multi-lingual

Use our paraphraser for texts in different languages.

Features of the paraphrasing tool

Rephrase individual sentences

With the Scribbr Paraphrasing Tool, you can easily reformulate individual sentences.

• Write varied headlines
• Rephrase the subject line of an email
• Create unique image captions

Paraphrase a whole text

Our paraphraser can also help with longer passages (up to 125 words per input). Upload your document or copy your text into the input field.

With one click, you can reformulate the entire text.

Find synonyms with ease

Simply click on any word to open the interactive thesaurus.

• Choose from a list of suggested synonyms
• Find the synonym with the most appropriate meaning
• Replace the word with a single click

Paraphrase in two ways

• Standard: Offers a compromise between modifying and preserving the meaning of the original text
• Fluency: Improves language and corrects grammatical mistakes

Upload different types of documents

Upload any Microsoft Word document, Google Doc, or PDF into the paraphrasing tool.

Download or copy your results

After you’re done, you can easily download or copy your text to use somewhere else.

Powered by AI

The paraphrasing tool uses natural language processing to rewrite any text you give it. This way, you can paraphrase any text within seconds.

Avoid accidental plagiarism

Want to make sure your document is plagiarism-free? In addition to our paraphrasing tool, which will help you rephrase sentences, quotations, or paragraphs correctly, you can also use our anti-plagiarism software to make sure your document is unique and not plagiarized.

Scribbr’s anti-plagiarism software enables you to:

• Detect plagiarism more accurately than other tools
• Ensure that your paraphrased text is valid
• Highlight the sources that are most similar to your text

Start for free

How does this paraphrasing tool work?

1. put your text into the paraphraser, 2. select your method of paraphrasing, 3. select the quantity of synonyms you want, 4. edit your text where needed, who can use this paraphrasing tool.

Paraphrasing tools can help students to understand texts and improve the quality of their writing. 

Create original lesson plans, presentations, or other educational materials.

Researchers

Explain complex concepts or ideas to a wider audience. 

Journalists

Quickly and easily rephrase text to avoid repetitive language.

Copywriters

By using a paraphrasing tool, you can quickly and easily rework existing content to create something new and unique.

Bloggers can rewrite existing content to make it their own.

Writers who need to rewrite content, such as adapting an article for a different context or writing content for a different audience.

A paraphrasing tool lets you quickly rewrite your original content for each medium, ensuring you reach the right audience on each platform.

The all-purpose paraphrasing tool

The Scribbr Paraphrasing Tool is the perfect assistant in a variety of contexts.

Brainstorming

Writer’s block? Use our paraphraser to get some inspiration.

Professional communication

Produce creative headings for your blog posts or PowerPoint slides.

Academic writing

Paraphrase sources smoothly in your thesis or research paper.

Social media

Craft memorable captions and content for your social media posts.

Paraphrase text online, for free

The Scribbr Paraphrasing Tool lets you rewrite as many sentences as you want—for free.

Write with 100% confidence 👉

Scribbr & academic integrity.

Scribbr is committed to protecting academic integrity. Our plagiarism checker , AI Detector , Citation Generator , proofreading services , paraphrasing tool, grammar checker , summarizer , and free Knowledge Base content are designed to help students produce quality academic papers.

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Frequently asked questions

The act of putting someone else’s ideas or words into your own words is called paraphrasing, rephrasing, or rewording. Even though they are often used interchangeably, the terms can mean slightly different things:

Paraphrasing is restating someone else’s ideas or words in your own words while retaining their meaning. Paraphrasing changes sentence structure, word choice, and sentence length to convey the same meaning.

Rephrasing may involve more substantial changes to the original text, including changing the order of sentences or the overall structure of the text.

Rewording is changing individual words in a text without changing its meaning or structure, often using synonyms.

It can. One of the two methods of paraphrasing is called “Fluency.” This will improve the language and fix grammatical errors in the text you’re paraphrasing.

Paraphrasing and using a paraphrasing tool aren’t cheating. It’s a great tool for saving time and coming up with new ways to express yourself in writing.  However, always be sure to credit your sources. Avoid plagiarism.  

If you don’t properly cite text paraphrased from another source, you’re plagiarizing. If you use someone else’s text and paraphrase it, you need to credit the original source. You can do that by using citations. There are different styles, like APA, MLA, Harvard, and Chicago. Find more information about citing sources here.

The Paraphrasing Tool on our page is powered by the QuillBot service, which uses advanced language processing technology.

Both Scribbr and QuillBot are Learneo, Inc. services, ensuring that your inputs are processed in accordance with Learneo’s Privacy Policy.

For more, please read the QuillBot section of the Learneo Privacy Policy . Your use of our Paraphraser is subject to QuilBot Terms .

Paraphrasing without crediting the original author is a form of plagiarism , because you’re presenting someone else’s ideas as if they were your own.

However, paraphrasing is not plagiarism if you correctly cite the source . This means including an in-text citation and a full reference, formatted according to your required citation style .

As well as citing, make sure that any paraphrased text is completely rewritten in your own words.

Plagiarism means using someone else’s words or ideas and passing them off as your own. Paraphrasing means putting someone else’s ideas in your own words.

So when does paraphrasing count as plagiarism?

• Paraphrasing is plagiarism if you don’t properly credit the original author.
• Paraphrasing is plagiarism if your text is too close to the original wording (even if you cite the source). If you directly copy a sentence or phrase, you should quote it instead.
• Paraphrasing  is not plagiarism if you put the author’s ideas completely in your own words and properly cite the source .

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Paraphrase Tool to Avoid Plagiarism

Have you ever struggled with paraphrasing in your academic writing? Paraphrasing allows you to demonstrate your understanding of the material and avoid plagiarism but it can be challenging and time-consuming. That’s why we recommend using our free online paraphrasing tool.  

The tool will help you reword any text quickly and accurately, ensuring that your work is original. Keep reading to learn more about it and discover how to paraphrase to avoid plagiarism.

• ✔️ How to Use the Tool
• ⭐ Tool Benefits
• 🔤 Paraphrasing Definition
• 👩‍🏫 How to Paraphrase
• 🚩 Unacceptable Paraphrasing
• 🔎 References

✔️ How to Use the Paraphrase Tool to Avoid Plagiarism? 

Our online paraphrasing app has a user-friendly interface, so you can reword any text in a few clicks. We designed it with students in mind, considering their unique academic needs. 

Here’s a small guide on how to use our paraphrase tool to avoid plagiarism: 

• Copy and paste the passage into the field. 
• Choose the percentage of words that should be paraphrased. 
• Click the “Paraphrase” button and wait for the result. 

⭐ Paraphrase Without Plagiarism: Tool Benefits

Many benefits make our tool stand out among similar paraphrasing software. Let’s have a look at the main advantages!

🔤 Paraphrasing Definition in Writing

In academic writing, paraphrasing involves rewording or expressing information from a source in your own words while maintaining the original meaning. It is a valuable skill that allows you to incorporate ideas from others but avoid plagiarism . Paraphrasing also helps you demonstrate your understanding of the source material and convey it in your writing style.

How Are Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing Different? 

It is common for students to mistakenly confuse paraphrasing with quoting and summarizing, as all these skills contribute to plagiarism-free academic writing. However, understanding the distinctions between the three is crucial to boost your writing skills.

👩‍🏫 How to Properly Paraphrase to Avoid Plagiarism 

You can always use our paraphrase tool to avoid plagiarism. However, if you want to practice manual paraphrasing and master this skill, check out our guide. 

• Read the passage. Look for the main ideas, supporting details, and the overall message of the text. 
• Set the original aside. After understanding the text, put it aside and write from your memory to avoid unintentional plagiarism. 
• Check against the original. Once you have rewritten the passage in your own words, compare it to the original text to ensure accuracy. 
• Use signal phrases. To attribute ideas to the original source, incorporate signal phrases such as “One study found that…,” “According to Brown,” or “Brown notes that…”. 
• Quote any borrowed terms. If specific terms or phrases are unique to the source and cannot be paraphrased, use quotation marks to quote them. 
• Cite the source. Finally, ensure you provide a proper citation that includes the author, publication year, and other relevant details according to the appropriate citation style (such as APA, MLA, or Chicago). 

🚩 What Is Unacceptable Paraphrasing? 

Here is a list of signs that indicate unacceptable paraphrasing: 

• Word-for-word copying. The text mirrors the original too closely, using the same sentence structure and vocabulary without enclosing them in quotation marks. 
• Insufficient modification. Only a few words or phrases are changed from the source. 
• Failure to capture the essence. The paraphrased version fails to convey the source’s meaning or key points. 
• Excessive reliance on synonyms. Overusing synonyms without genuinely understanding the context and intended meaning of the original text can lead to flawed paraphrasing. 
• Lack of citation or attribution. It is unacceptable to paraphrase without clearly indicating the source or providing proper citation , as this can be considered plagiarism. 

Check out an example of incorrect and acceptable paraphrasing.

📍 Paraphrase to Avoid Plagiarism: FAQ

📍 what does it mean to paraphrase a source.

To paraphrase a source means to restate the information from that source in your own words while maintaining the original meaning. Paraphrasing involves comprehending the material, expressing it in a new way, and providing proper attribution to the source.

📍 Do you need quotation marks when paraphrasing?

No, you usually don’t need quotation marks when paraphrasing. However, quotation marks are necessary if you use specific terms from the original text that cannot be reworded. Even though paraphrases don’t require quotation marks, you should still provide in-text citations to acknowledge the source.

📍 What is one benefit of paraphrasing?

One benefit of paraphrasing is that it allows you to make connections between ideas by controlling how they are presented and making them sound natural. By using your words to rephrase information, you can better integrate it into your writing style and context. It can enhance clarity and help avoid plagiarism while conveying the original meaning.

📍 When would you want to directly quote a source over paraphrasing it?

It’s better to directly quote a source when the exact wording is crucial to your argument or when the author uses unique terms or especially vivid or strong language. For example, you should directly quote textual evidence from a book or poem for your literary analysis paper.

🔎 References 

• Quoting and Paraphrasing (MLA Style) | Loyola Marymount University  
• Paraphrasing Sources | Lumen  
• Paraphrasing & Quoting | Azusa Pacific University  
• Paraphrasing & Avoiding Plagiarism | TUS Library  
• Paraphrase: Write It in Your Own Words | Purdue Online Writing Lab  
• Avoiding Plagiarism | Johns Hopkins Sheridan Libraries  

Rewrite: Paraphrase your writing for free

Instantly rewrite paragraphs, reword sentences, or humanize AI content with Wordtune.

Do more with Rewrite. Much more.

• 01.   Sign up for Wordtune (it’s free)
• 02.   Write or paste your text
• 03.   Highlight the text you want to paraphrase
• 04.   Click “Rewrite”
• 05.   Choose a paraphrasing suggestion
• 06.   Pick the tone and/or length of your choice

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I'm thrilled to let you know that we have some new developments to share.

I have some very exciting and important news to share with you all today.

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Ai text humanizer.

Join 10s of millions of users who use Wordtune to go beyond their English boundaries 

Join 10s of millions of users who use wordtune on a daily basis.

Wordtune is the best in my opinion, when it comes to rewriting content.

Can't live without wordtune, as someone who writes a-lot of sales related copy wordtune helps me personalize and gives me ideas on how to rewrite words or sentences.

It's like having 10 friends all willing to suggest alternatives to a sentence I'm writing, and I can pick the best one without hurting anyone's feelings.  :-)

Though my writing's pretty cogent, I'm always running it through Wordtune to find inspiration and better ways to express myself.

Everything you need to keep your words flowing

Produce AI content

Identify typos before hitting ‘send’

Catch grammatical errors in real time

Instant AI proofreading

Wordtune offers both free and premium plans. The free version offers up to 10 Rewrites and Spices, three AI generations, and three summaries a day. On top of that, you have unlimited grammar and spelling corrections. There are a range of premium plans with different features and pricing, including Advance, Unlimited, and Business options. Compare pricing and plans.

Yes, Wordtune integrates with other apps, including various web applications, your chosen internet browser, and Google Docs.

Wordtune has a variety of features, including grammar and spell check, Rewrite tools, a Summarizer, and your own personalized knowledge library. To learn more about the features, read this guide or check out our dedicated support section .

Yes. Wordtune has a smart synonym tool that allows you to highlight a single word and get a list of optional synonyms or substitutions. It also works on phrases, so you’re not just limited to single words.

Absolutely. You can easily switch between rewriting a sentence or a whole paragraph, too. When your Rewrite panel pops up, simply choose Sentence or Paragraph in the right-hand corner.

Yes. Wordtune is a fine choice for students who are working on essays, reports, or really any formal piece of writing. Unlike other AI tools, it actually cites its source of information, avoiding common AI problems like hallucinations or copycatting. The best part is it allows you to take even further steps to avoid plagiarism and assure that your work is your own by offering you a wide array of rephrasing options.

Yes. Wordtune’s AI-assisted translation can help you rewrite your text in English from any of these 10 languages: Chinese - Mandarin, Arabic, Hebrew, Korean, Hindi, Russian, Spanish, German, French, Portuguese. Simply click Rewrite and Wordtune will translate your text into English.

Perfect your writing with Rewrite

Advanced Paraphrase

70% better quality output

• Aa Change Capitalized Words
• Add whole or partial words to ignore

Paraphrasing Tool

Customize Your Paraphrased Text to Be Longer or Shorter

SpinBot is an advanced, AI-powered paraphrasing tool that helps writers create unique and human-readable content. It uses powerful machine learning and artificial intelligence to ensure that your writing is influential and relevant to your topic.

It is an entirely free online tool with no premium. Students, writers, tutors, and content creators enjoy using this rephrasing tool because of how quickly it provides results.

What Is a Paraphrasing Tool ?

It is a sentence rewriter that can rephrase any kind of content, like sentences, articles, and essays. It rewrites or rephrases sentences while keeping their original tone without plagiarism. You can use it to revise a text either line by line or word by word.

How Does SpinBot’s Paraphrasing Tool Work ?

• High-quality natural language processing (NLP) simplifies sentences for readers
• Instantly rewrites up to 10,000 characters or 1,000 words at a time
• Relies on proven AI software to remove all plagiarism from the text.
• Lets you retain the original meaning of the text while wording it differently and more efficiently.

Every statement is rewritten using readable language. The information that follows will show you how to use our free paraphrasing tool to compose unique, easy-to-read articles.

What Can You Do with SpinBot’s Paraphrasing Tool?

Do more for less.

By automating the process of paraphrasing text, you free up time and resources for other tasks. Plus, since you get more done at no cost, our paraphrase tool saves you money, improving overall productivity.

Achieve your goals

Using newly paraphrased text from SpinBot, you can create unique and appealing content that meets your goals: boost SEO performance, generate new ideas from existing text, inform your audience with greater clarity, or share others’ ideas in your own words.

Add AI power to your brainpower! SpinBot draws on a vast array of synonyms and sentence structures to produce a well-crafted, grammatically flawless, and compelling written text.

Avoid plagiarism

SpinBot generates plagiarism-free content using advanced algorithms. It guarantees original written work while preserving the input text’s tone and style, maintaining high standards of quality and integrity.

How Do You Use SpinBot’s Paraphrasing Tool?

It couldn’t be easier! Click the button and follow the steps below to get started.

• You will see an input box with the prompt "Your text to rewrite…
• Enter the text you want to rewrite in the space provided.
• Select "Ignore Words" to ignore any text in the content you do not want to rewrite.
• Press the "Basic Paraphrase" button.
• To the right of the text box is an output box titled "Your rewritten text..." You can view the revised text here.

You can type or paste your text directly into the text box and edit it with a single click. A built-in sentence changer and sentence spinning feature allow for more flexibility and variety.

Main Features of the SpinBot Paraphrasing Tool

• Ease of use with no advanced knowledge. To paraphrase a text, copy and paste it into the SpinBot paraphrase and click “Basic Paraphrase” or “Advanced Paraphrase.” Finished!
• No need to register an account.
• A user-friendly interface with no extraneous or complex designs.
• No need to install software.
• An ultra-high 10,000-character restriction.

Three Modes of the SpinBot Paraphrasing Tool

This tool gives you three ways to rewrite your text.

Standard Mode

Our default rephrasing mode replaces only a few words in your text with terms that are closest in meaning.

Random Mode

SpinBot makes your content more fluent in this mode and corrects any grammatical mistakes.

Longest Mode

This program changes your input text the most, rewriting it to use the most creative vocabulary.

Differences between a Paraphrasing Tool and a Paraphrasing Bot

A paraphrasing tool and a paraphrasing bot are distinct types of strategies used for rewording or rewriting content. First, SpinBot is software that automatically rephrases text to generate new content, while a paraphrasing bot uses a conversational AI model to rewrite text.

There is also a distinction in their practical applications. Individuals and organizations use SpinBot to avoid plagiarism, rewrite articles, or create unique content, but use paraphrasing bots to understand or summarize complex text.

Finally, SpinBot lets the user control the rephrasing process and review/edit the output, while a paraphrasing bot provides quick automated responses but offers lower text quality.

Who Uses the SpinBot Paraphrasing Tool?

Students, instructors, and researchers.

SpinBot offers students, educators, and other academics a powerful way to transform a text into fresh, original content. Particularly for multilingual academics, these tools can prove immensely beneficial. An online paraphrase tool improves readability and writing style and assists in generating new ideas and perspectives on a topic.

 ... Read More

Journalists

With strict ethical standards in place, journalists need to produce original content. This tool rewrites text in a new and unique way, summarizes information quickly, improves the writing style, and makes the content engaging, concise, and clear.

Book authors and scriptwriters

Book authors and screenwriters use SpinBot to create original and professional works by avoiding repetitive phrasing. They can experiment quickly with vocabulary and sentence structure while keeping their style, tone, and voice consistent for a polished and interesting final version.

Content Writers & Copy Writers

Content writers, copywriters, and bloggers can streamline their workflows to create original, repurposed, or variant versions of their content. Getting a free paraphrase online anytime means having more time for critical thinking and research. SpinBot’s paraphrased content is original and plagiarism-free, which helps them maintain their credibility and reputation.

Music Writers

Music writers use it to enhance their compositions, spark creativity and inspiration, avoid plagiarism, and maintain a consistent style. The SpinBot paraphrase tool suggests variety in word choices that is essential for well-crafted, catchy, and impactful song lyrics.

When Should I NOT Use a Paraphrasing Tool?

Used correctly, SpinBot is an excellent way to use the same text with a different vocabulary and/or structure. But it may not be your best option if you don’t understand the original text well or you have to rely too heavily on it to come up with ideas.

Use SpinBot to develop top-notch content in seconds!

Hear what our clients say

Don't just take our word for it, hear what people have to say about us.

Paraphrasing Tool FAQs

Can this tool impact students’ academic writing.

Yes! The positive impact is that SpinBot helps students effectively convey the meaning of a source text while avoiding plagiarism.

Is SpinBot Paraphrasing tool free?

SpinBot is completely free, so you get the benefits of every feature at no cost.

Is using a paraphrasing tool cheating?

Using SpinBot to rephrase your writing is not inherently cheating or unethical. Instead, it helps you enhance and refine the original content.

Can you get in trouble for using a paraphrasing tool?

SpinBot is a helpful resource, but any paraphrased content must be used ethically and legally. Legitimate and ethical paraphrasing is permissible as long as it does not involve malicious intent to use someone else's content while claiming it is your own. However, proper citation of sources is always necessary to avoid copyright infringement.

8 Free Quillbot Alternatives for Paraphrasing Your Writing

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Paraphrasing is an essential skill that can greatly enhance the quality of your writing, improving its structure, clarity, and flow. However, manually rewording your text can be both time-consuming and challenging. This is where paraphrasing tools come in handy.

One of the most popular choices in this regard is Quillbot, but it may not be suitable or affordable for everyone. Fortunately, there are numerous free alternatives available online that can effectively paraphrase your text. Below, we discuss the eight best free paraphrasing tools that you can use to enhance the quality of your writing.

1. Paraphrasing Tool

The Paraphrasing Tool is a free AI-powered rewriter that uses Natural Language Processing (NLP) AI software to paraphrase the text you have provided. You can paraphrase up to 10,000 words at once without signing up or logging in to the platform.

It offers two paraphrasing options: Basic and Advanced. Basic paraphrasing involves simply restating the original text in different words, while the Advanced option will offer you a more extensive vocabulary with a deeper understanding of the structure of the original text.

If you opt for the Basic option, the tool will reword the text within the same window. However, if you select the Advanced option, it will direct you to Quillbot, where the text will be professionally rephrased with a more sophisticated tone. If you don't have experience using AI for writing or editing, our guide on how you can use AI responsibly as a writer or an editor can help you maximize its benefits.

2. Prepostseo

If you're looking for a comprehensive tool that offers a variety of services, Prepostseo is a great option. It offers features such as a plagiarism checker, DA checker, spelling checker, summarizer, and paraphrasing tool. When it comes to the paraphrasing tool, Prepostseo offers four rewriting options: Standard, Fluency, Creative, and Smarter.

While the Creative and Smarter options are available in the pro version, the Standard and Fluency options are free to use. To paraphrase a text, you can either upload the file from your computer or Google Drive. It supports .docx, .doc, .txt, and .pdf formats. If your file is in a different format, you can always convert it to a compatible format by using a free online file converter .

Once you've uploaded the file, simply select the language from the dropdown menu and click on the Paraphrase button to begin. It's worth noting that the free version can only paraphrase up to 500 words at once, but you can increase the word count by subscribing to the Pro version.

3. SEOToolsCentre

SEOToolsCentre provides a comprehensive suite of tools to assist with various aspects of content creation, optimization, and management. To use this tool, simply copy and paste the text you want to paraphrase into the input box, select the language you're working in from the drop-down menu, and hit the Paraphrase button.

Once the tool generates a paraphrased version of your text, it highlights any changed words. You can then manage these words by clicking on them. This will allow you to view the original word alongside several suggested alternatives, and you can even add your own words to the context menu by clicking the Add button.

Once you are done, click on the Finish button. The tool supports seven different languages, including English, Dutch, French, Spanish, German, Turkish, and Indonesian.

4. Paraphraser.io

Another option is Paraphraser.io, which allows you to paraphrase up to 600 words at a time. It comes with three paraphrasing options: Fluency, Standard, and Word Changer.

You can get started by pasting your text in the box, picking your preferred paraphrasing option, choosing one of the four languages it supports (English, Espanol, French, and Portuguese), and clicking on the Rewrite Now button.

Once the text has been paraphrased, you will notice the words that have been changed highlighted in green. You can click on each highlighted word to view its additional synonyms and pick one of your choice.

5. SpinnerChief

In the free version of SpinnerChief, you can paraphrase up to 150 words at a time and use up to 20 spins per day. To get started, simply paste your text into the text field and choose the intensity of the sentence rebuilt options.

The free version offers "Basic AI (slight)" and "Disabled" options, while the premium version also provides the Advanced AI option, which can be even more powerful. As you use SpinnerChief, you'll notice a Synonym slider at the top that you can adjust to control the number of words replaced.

Keep in mind that the free version only allows you to move the slider to the middle at maximum. SpinnerChief is available both as a desktop application and a web-based tool, giving you flexibility and convenience when it comes to paraphrasing your text.

This option is quite similar to the Paraphrasing Tool we talked about earlier. You can easily paraphrase up to 10,000 words at a time and choose between a basic and advanced spin.

It utilizes high-quality Natural Language Processing (NLP) technology to make the text more reader-friendly, and the best part is that you don't even need to create an account to use it. This tool also boasts the ability to eliminate all instances of plagiarism in your text.

There are three different modes to choose from when rewriting your text: standard, random, and longest. Standard mode is the default option, while random mode enhances the fluency of your content. Lastly, the longest mode will alter the input the most. If you choose the Advanced option, you will be redirected to Quillbot.

7. Wordtune

If you want to find multiple alternative phrases for your text, Wordtune is a tool you can consider. It analyzes the context of your text and offers a range of suggestions that you can choose from.

To use Wordtune, highlight the text that you want to rewrite. The tool will present you with a number of suggestions you can choose from, and the words that have been changed will be highlighted in purple. You can also change a single word by highlighting it and choosing a synonym of your choice.

The free version of Wordtune is limited to 10 rewrites per day, so we only recommend it for users who do not need to rewrite more than a few lines a day. For unlimited rewrites, you can subscribe to the premium version, which also allows you to select between casual and formal tones for your text, and shorten or expand it as you see fit.

8. DupliChecker

Finally, the last option we have on our list is DupliChecker, which allows you to paraphrase 2000 words at a time. The free version offers two spinning options; Smart spin and Ultra spin. When you use the Smart spin feature, 70-75% of your words will be replaced by their synonyms.

You will also be provided with a list of possible synonyms for each word, so you can easily change the words you don't like. The Ultra spin feature, on the other hand, offers maximum word swapping, changing approximately 90% of the words. It also offers an AI rephrase option, which you can access by subscribing to the pro version of the tool.

Paraphrase Like a Pro

Being able to paraphrase your own writing to improve it is an essential skill for writers, and using a paraphrasing tool can greatly help in the process. While Quillbot is a well-known choice, there are numerous affordable alternatives available online that can help you paraphrase without breaking the bank.

However, regardless of the tool you choose, it is not recommended to rely entirely on it. You can use it as a helpful resource, but always double-check the paraphrased content to ensure accuracy and originality.

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Paraphrasing tool helps you effortlessly craft unique and engaging content by transforming ideas, messages, and information to elevate your writing, avoid plagiarism, and enhance the impact of your message.

Contextual Paraphrasing : Maintain the original message's essence while achieving natural flow and coherence.

Creative Content Generation : Craft diverse and engaging content with fresh perspectives, enhancing your writing style.

Plagiarism Prevention : Generate unique and original content to safeguard against plagiarism concerns.

Real-time Suggestions : Receive instant, contextually relevant alternatives for dynamic content creation.

The technology behind Paraphrasing Tool

Paraphrasing Tool uses a language model that learns patterns, grammar, and vocabulary from large amounts of text data – then uses that knowledge to generate human-like text based on a given prompt or input. The generated text combines both the model's learned information and its understanding of the input.

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Paraphrase text effortlessly with AI Sparks, a powerful paraphraser by ProWritingAid.

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Choose how to paraphrase.

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Paraphrase in the click of a button. If you’re not satisfied with the result, simply try again.

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Our paraphrasing tool reworks vocabulary, sentence structure, and syntax to create new, high-quality content that resonates with your readers.

Find the best way to express your ideas with AI Sparks, a powerful paraphraser. Explore options to enhance readability, expand text, change tense, or even add descriptive detail.

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I’ve tried every free and paid writing/editing/grammar extension out there and this by far is the best one my team and I have found. It’s fast, accurate and really helps improve your writing beyond simple grammar suggestions.

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Our free paraphraser can help you write logical, eloquent, and plagiarism-free assignments. Use ProWritingAid to write a strong thesis statement, make your arguments sound compelling, or craft a poignant conclusion.

ProWritingAid makes sure your language is always appropriately formal and helps you easily present complex ideas in a digestible manner—all while avoiding plagiarism.

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What is prowritingaid.

ProWritingAid is a digital toolkit that helps you craft your story and bring it to life.

ProWritingAid helps you unlock the full potential of your story by fixing grammatical errors, improving sentence clarity, and creating more engaging prose. Plus, it integrates with any writing app, so you can get support in whichever one you use.

It’s like having an English teacher, professional editor, writing buddy and honest critic sitting inside your favorite writing app.

Is ProWritingAid free?

A free account allows you to edit and run reports on up to 500 words. It also gives you three AI Sparks per day, which is needed to paraphrase text. If you want more, you’ll need to upgrade to a paid plan .

How do I access the paraphraser in-app?

Follow these steps to paraphrase text:

Highlight the text you want to paraphrase, then click “ Sparks. ”

Next, choose how you want to paraphrase.

For standard paraphrasing, the Fluency mode works best. However, you can also improve readability, expand text, change tense, or even add descriptive detail.

What is a paraphrasing tool?

A paraphrasing tool is a tool that helps you express words in different way to improve the understanding of your message. It keeps the original meaning of your text but makes it clearer, more impactful, or more professional.

Is paraphrasing the same as rewording?

Originally, the terms paraphrasing and rewording had slightly different meanings. Paraphrasing meant rewriting text in a different form, while still retaining the meaning of the original text. Rewording meant simply switching out words with synonyms. Nowadays, the terms are often used interchangeably.

What software integrations does ProWritingAid offer?

ProWritingAid works in all major writing apps, like MS Word, Google Docs, Scrivener, Atticus, Apple Notes, and more. To access ProWritingAid in a computer-based writing app, you must install Desktop Everywhere. If you’re writing online, we offer browser extensions (Google Chrome, Firefox and Microsoft Edge). Click here to learn more.

Does ProWritingAid have a plagiarism checker?

Yes, it does. ProWritingAid’s plagiarism checker will check your work against over a billion web pages, published works, and academic papers, so you can be sure of its originality. Find out more about pricing for plagiarism checks here .

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Best Paraphrasing Tool – Free & Premium Versions (Compared)

Table of Contents

Choosing the best paraphrasing tool for academic writing can be challenging, especially when many of these tools’ unique features are hidden behind a paywall. As a researcher, you want a tool that delivers more than stiff, monotonous outputs. The frustration of dealing with often contextually inappropriate results can make you question the decision to use an AI paraphrasing tool in the first place. To save you time and effort, we’ve meticulously tested the eight best paraphrasing tools, Paperpal, QuillBot, Wordtune, Paraphraser.io, and more, to determine which one truly stands out for research purposes. Here are our findings. 

Paperpal, a comprehensive AI academic writing assistant, leverages 22+ years of Scientific, Technical, and Medical (STM) expertise to provide in-depth academic writing, language editing, and submission readiness support for students, researchers, medical professionals, and academics. 

Paperpal’s Paraphrasing – Features and How It Works?  

Paperpal Rewrite   

• Paraphrase: Add variety and avoid repetition in your writing with precise paraphrasing support for academic text.  
• Trim or reduce word count: Highlight a sentence or paragraph to get a concise version of the text and meet your required word count limit.  
• Rewrite for an Academic Tone: Get suggestions for making your text sound formal and academic in native English.  
• Synonyms: Look up contextually relevant synonyms and use them in your text to add variety to your writing.   

What do users love about Paperpal?    

• All-in-one academic writing toolkit: Apart from being the best paraphrasing tool for research, Paperpal offers 3x language suggestions for academic writing compared to other AI writing tools. It also provides secure, generative AI writing assistance with pre-built templates, AI text suggestions, plagiarism detection, and submission readiness checks.   
• Excellent word reduction capabilities: Paperpal Trim reduces word count by up to 25% without sacrificing meaning, so you need not worry about word limits.   

What can Paperpal improve?    

• Paraphrasing available only in English: While Paperpal has accurate translation capabilities, its paraphrasing is limited to text in English.   
• Cross-platform support: While Paperpal is currently limited to MS Word and Web, it is in the process of integrating with Overleaf and Chrome, which will significantly enhance its functionality and accessibility for users in the future.

QuillBot is recognized as one of the best paraphrasing tools for research. What makes QuillBot one of the most used AI paraphrasing tools is its pre-defined and custom modes, freeze words, and synonym slider functionalities, discussed below. QuillBot supports paraphrasing in 20 languages and further customization. Let’s explore the benefits and limitations of this free paraphrasing tool.    

QuillBot Paraphraser: Features and How it Works?   

• Pre-defined and Custom Modes for Paraphrasing: QuillBot offers eight pre-defined paraphrasing modes and also provides custom modes like ‘Witty’ and ‘Optimistic’, where writers can get creative with their words.    
• Synonym Slider and Freeze Words: Premium users can access QuillBot’s Synonym Slider and control the level of word substitutions, from minimal changes to maximum creativity. Users can also “freeze” important words to prevent them from being altered during paraphrasing. 

What do users love about QuillBot Paraphraser?     

• All-in-one paraphrasing tool: It is an excellent tool for finding unique synonyms and making writing non-repetitive while aligning it to the tone of communication preferred by the target audience.    
• Direct access without signing in: The free version does not require signing up, which boosts user interaction with the tool.    

What can QuillBot improve?    

• Limited access: With QuillBot’s free version, users can only paraphrase 125 words and access two pre-defined modes of paraphrasing. Synonym Slider: The free version is available only with the premium version.    
• Synonym Slider and Freeze Words: The premium version offers unique features to customize the level of word replacements. The free version does not have this feature, which may result in spun content, potentially leading to misinterpretation and altering the intended meaning. 
• Weird paraphrasing suggestions: Sometimes, the tool doesn’t understand the meaning of the sentences and suggests weird, out-of-context synonyms. This is a big NO-NO if you’re considering QuillBot as a paraphrasing tool for research.   

Looking for the best paraphrasing tool for research? Choose Paperpal for 2x more suggestions than QuillBot .

Wordtune is often considered the best AI paraphrasing tool by content creators because of its contextual understanding, sentence-level customization, and tone adjustments. Wordtune actually stands by its claim of enhancing writing quality, engagement, and tone while retaining the original meaning of text. However, is it the best paraphrasing tool for research? Let’s find out.   

Wordtune Rewrite – Features and How it Works?    

• Rewrite Options: Wordtune users can choose from various options, such as ‘Formal’, ‘Casual’, ‘Shorten’, and ‘Expand’, to rephrase sentences and retain meaning.  
• Thesaurus: Users can highlight words to receive synonyms and alternative phrases, adding variety and depth to their writing.  

What do users love about Wordtune?    

• Contextual Understanding: Wordtune understands the context of the text and suggests relevant and coherent rewrites. If you’re a content creator or a marketing professional, this feature adapts your writing style and suggests rewrites based on the target audience.   
• Real-Time Assistance: Wordtune offers suggestions as users type or paste their text into the editor. This immediacy boosts writing flow.   

What can Wordtune improve?    

• Individual Sentence Focus: While sentence-level focus is essential if you’re working on landing page copies, ads, etc., it doesn’t really work if you want to rephrase larger chunks of text, like essays, theses, research papers, etc.    
• English paraphrasing only: Wordtune currently supports paraphrasing only in the English language, which limits its usability for those writing in multiple languages. 

Discover why Paperpal outperforms Wordtune as the best paraphrasing tool for academic writing.    

Paraphraser.io

This Natural Language Processing (NLP) based paraphrasing tool helps writers rewrite content. Content tone options include Fluent and Standard. If you subscribe to the paid program, you can access the Creative Tone.    

Paraphraser.io – Features and How It Works?   

• Fluency: Enhances text clarity by changing some words here and there and readable by removing unnecessary fluff words.    
• Standard: Improves the overall content tone by changing only the elements it feels are necessary. It uses better/alternative terms to convey the idea better.    
• Creative (Premium Feature): Makes your writing more creative.    
• Smart (Premium Feature): Rephrases sentences to make text sound expert-written    

What do users love about Paraphraser.io?      

• Intuitive UI, No Jargon: Paraphraser.io doesn’t require complex workstreams or prompting and includes all the necessary functions, making it the best paraphrasing tool for day-to-day tasks.    
• Word Limit for Free Version: The 600-word limit suffices for short paraphrasing requirements like emails, general text, copies, etc. Many users also consider paraphraser.io a great alternative to QuillBot due to the word limit offered in the free plan.     

What can Paraphraser.io improve?     

• Accessibility: Paraphraser.io is only available on the web, which means users must open the website whenever they want to use it.    
• Doesn’t work with long text: Using Paraphraser.io for long-form content requires extensive human intervention to review and manually rephrase chunks of text suggested, often out of context, by the tool.   
• Unreliable output: Paraphraser.io often produces grammatically incorrect sentences, and the Word changer function suggests irrelevant and out-of-context words, which defeats the purpose of a paraphrasing tool. 

Say goodbye to tedious and time-consuming academic paraphrasing. Paraphrase with Paperpal

  Word AI is a text rewriter that aims to humanize AI-generated content and bypass AI content detectors. As one of the best paraphrasing tools in the market, Word AI can restructure sentences, enrich the text, reword your text for a better description, and much more. Here’s what this paraphrasing tool can do.   

WordAI – Features and How it Works?    

• Complete Sentence Restructuring – Rewrites text from scratch while optimizing for uniqueness and readability.  
• Text Enrichment – Understands the meaning behind your sentences and adds LSI keywords for unique and SEO-enhanced outputs.  
• Describe ideas differently- Prevents duplicate content and provides copy alternatives to help you beat writer’s block.  
• Improves clarity with Split sentences – Refines wordy content into clear and concise rewrites to communicate better. Takes long run-on sentences and splits them naturally so they are short, clear, and compelling.  

What do users love about WordAI?    

• Makes intelligent spin versions: WordAI can understand the context of the input text and produce intelligently rephrased versions that are just as effective as manually rewriting articles. It also offers various options and settings to customize the spun content.  
• Accessibility: WordAI extends its functionality to support multiple use cases with API integration, bulk rewrite integration, and article forge integration.   

What can WordAI improve?    

• Pricing – WordAI only offers a 3-day trial, and its monthly and annual plans are pricey compared to some of the best paraphrasing tools on the market.  
• Produces inaccurate rewrites for technical content – WordAI isn’t an excellent paraphrasing tool for research, and it sometimes provides meaningless sentences for academic and technical writing purposes. 

Spin Rewriter

  Spin Rewriter leverages Emulated Natural Language (ENL) Semantic Rewriting technology and large language models (LLMs) to extract the meaning of your articles and rewrite them as human-quality.  

Spin Rewriter – Features and How it Works?     

• Bulk article rewriting: Spin Rewriter allows users to efficiently rewrite multiple articles simultaneously, enabling the instant creation of large quantities of unique content.   
• Mass Export: Generate up to 1,000 unique versions of an original article at once, simplifying the process of filling multiple blogs, satellite websites, or an entire PBN with diverse content.   
• Paragraph creation: This AI paraphrasing tool autonomously extracts meaning and generates entirely new paragraphs, effectively concealing the original article.    

What do users love about Spin Rewriter?    

• Lifetime Pricing Plan: Spin Rewriter’s lifetime plan makes it the best paraphrasing tool. For $497, you can get lifetime access to this article rewriter tool with all its features except for a few premium ones.   
• Accessibility: Access everything this AI paraphrasing tool offers from your WordPress dashboard. You can also automate content updates, like repurposing an old blog post to rank better for SEO.    
• Article Suggestions: Spin Rewriter automatically fetches relevant seed articles based on your website’s dynamics.   

What can Spin Rewriter improve?     

• Dependence on Original Content: Spin Rewriter’s effectiveness largely depends on the quality of the original content being spun. Poorly written articles will likely result in subpar rewrites.   
• No built-in grammar checker: Spin Rewriter lacks an integrated grammar or plagiarism checker for reviewing the spun text. This means users must find an alternative proofreading tool for editing, which can be inconvenient. 

Stop using generic paraphrasing tools for research. Paraphrase with Paperpal

Jasper AI is one of the best paraphrasing tools for creators and marketing teams. It uses advanced Natural Language Processing (NLP) to rephrase your content automatically. According to Jasper, the AI paraphrasing tool not only rephrases your text but enhances the output without plagiarism, regardless of input text quality.   

Jasper AI – Features and How Does It Work?   

Sentence Rewriting:   

• Instantly transforms sentences with precision, creativity, and flair.  
• Generates new variations of sentences in line with a specific purpose.  
• It uses AI and contextual synonyms to create sentences with the same meaning in a different tone, shorter length, or another readability level.  
• It provides templates, such as Sentence Expander, Content Improver, and Explain It to a Child, to expand, rephrase, or simplify sentences.  

Paragraph Rewriting:   

• Rearrange words or sentences in a paragraph to improve readability and structure ideas more clearly.  
• Uses GPT-3 and GPT-4 AI technology to scan data and understand how humans write.  
• You can rephrase paragraphs multiple times by altering word choices, sentence length, or tone while retaining the original meaning.  
• It provides templates to simplify writing for better communication, repurpose content for different platforms, optimize for SEO, and overcome writer’s block.  

Paraphrasing:    

• Produces original content without plagiarism  
• Improves upon the content you input  
• Allows you to quickly refresh old content or repurpose it for different distribution channels  
• Integrates with Brand Voice to tailor content to your tone and style  
• Generates content in 30+ languages  
• Optimizes content for SEO with keyword suggestions and readability improvements  
• Provides templates like Content Improver and Explain It to a Child to rephrase content for different audiences  

What do users love about Jasper AI?   

• High-Quality Output: It leverages advanced NLP to produce grammatically correct and meaningful rephrased content, ensuring originality and quality.  
• Customization Options: Users can adjust the level of paraphrasing to achieve specific results.   
• Error Detection: The tool also identifies and corrects grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors, enhancing the overall quality of the content.  
• Language Versatility: Jasper can generate content in over 30 languages, making it accessible to a diverse user base.  

What can Jasper AI improve?   

• Length Limitations: The tool may struggle with longer pieces of content like essays, thesis, and other academic formats, which may not make it the best paraphrasing tool for research.    
• Cost Considerations: Jasper AI can be relatively expensive, even for individual users.   
• Learning Curve: New users might find the tool challenging to navigate initially, requiring some time to become proficient. 

Hypotenuse AI

Hypotenuse is a powerful AI paraphrasing tool geared toward e-commerce and social media content creation. It focuses on creating SEO-focused, accurate, on-brand product descriptions, articles, social media copies, and 20+ content types.  

Hypotenuse AI – Features and How it Works?  

• Article Spinning: Generates multiple rewrites of an original piece to submit to article directories.  
• Tone Selection: Hypotenuse AI provides up to 4 pre-set tones for customizing your content and allows you to describe your tone.   
• Improve: Suggest alternative word choices, sentence structures, and phrasing to make content more engaging and professional.  
• Simplify: Provides simplified alternatives to cut the fluff and convey your message clearly.  
• Shorten: Offers concise alternatives, making content more direct.  
• Expand: Add more information, examples, or explanations.  
• Rephrase: Diversifies writing style to avoid repetitive language and offers fresh perspectives.  

What do users love about Hypotenuse AI?    

Ultimate writing tool for e-commerce businesses: Businesses with multiple third-party product listings find Hypotenuse useful because it efficiently writes and paraphrases compelling product descriptions.   

What can Hypotenuse AI improve?    

AI-generated outputs: The content rephrased or generated by Hypotenuse AI doesn’t fully capture the “human voice” and lacks flow, which means text needs to be further edited manually. 

Why is it important to choose the best paraphrasing tool for research?  

Research and academia demand precision, originality, and efficiency. While paraphrasing is an essential aspect of academic writing, the process can be time-consuming and fraught with potential pitfalls if you do not choose the right paraphrasing tool for research.    

A well-chosen academic paraphrasing tool is more than just a language rephrase; it’s an AI research assistant. It must adeptly handle the nuances of academic language, preserving technical terms and ensuring semantic integrity. Moreover, the ability to seamlessly integrate proofreading, plagiarism checks, and citation features within a single platform is indispensable. This integrated approach accelerates the research process and significantly enhances the quality of the final output.  

Research integrity is paramount in academia. Investing time in selecting the best paraphrasing tool for research can significantly impact the efficiency, accuracy, and credibility of one’s research endeavours. 

Effortlessly rewrite academic text with Paperpal. Sign Up Now for FREE.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. which is the best paraphrasing tool for researchers  .

The best paraphrasing tool for researchers often depends on specific needs, such as contextual understanding and accuracy in retaining the meaning of words. While many paraphrasing tools excel in rephrasing grammatically correct sentences, they often change scientific and technical terms to generic words, which is unsuitable in the academic context.   

Paperpal suggests accurate technical terms to enhance the academic text and ensure that the same scientific sentence context is retained. Unlike other paraphrasing tools, Paperpal doesn’t replace your entire text in one go. Instead, it suggests rephrased sentences and asks you to edit and review each section before adding it to your document. Try Paperpal for free and see the difference.   

2. How do you choose the best paraphrasing tool for research?  

Paraphrasing text in research and academia doesn’t end up rephrasing and using it directly. You need to proofread it, check for plagiarism, search for the right source, and cite it if it was taken from a different source. Here’s our guide to choosing the best paraphrasing tool for research.   

• Custom Paraphrasing Tool for Research: To avoid manually editing and proofreading paraphrased academic text, go for a paraphrasing tool tailored to academic writing    
• Technical Term Preservation: Ensure the tool accurately preserves the original meaning and doesn’t replace technical terms, such as patient-first language, equations, tables, etc., with generic words.   
• In-built academic proofreading: Before using paraphrased text directly, you must proofread and edit it to suit your tone and the journal guidelines. Using a paraphrasing tool for research with built-in academic proofreading saves time and effort.   
• Plagiarism and Citation features: Paraphrasing can often be misunderstood as plagiarized text, especially if you’re paraphrasing someone else’s text without citing it. Paraphrasing tools like Paperpal offer an in-built search and cite feature along with plagiarism checks to avoid accidental plagiarism and properly reference your work. 

3. Can I use a paraphrasing tool in research?  

Yes, you can use a paraphrasing tool in research. However, you need to ensure that the paraphrased text is not plagiarised and adequately cited if the original text has been picked up from another source. If you’re paraphrasing text written by you, ensure that the meaning, technical terms, and consistency in the presentation of tables, figures, and equation labels are retained in the output.    

4. What are the benefits of using a paraphrasing tool?  

Using a custom paraphrasing tool for research offers several benefits: 

• Time Efficiency: Speeds up the process of rewriting content, allowing more time for actual research and analysis. 
• Improved Readability: This enhances the readability and flow of your writing, making it more accessible to a wider audience. 
• Language Proficiency: Assists non-native English speakers in refining their academic writing to meet higher linguistic standards. 
• Focus on Core Research: Allows researchers to focus on the core aspects of their work rather than spending excessive time on writing and rephrasing. 

By leveraging the right paraphrasing tool , researchers can enhance the quality and efficiency of their academic writing. We hope this list helps you make the right decision! 

Paperpal is a comprehensive AI writing toolkit that helps students and researchers achieve 2x the writing in half the time. It leverages 21+ years of STM experience and insights from millions of research articles to provide in-depth academic writing, language editing, and submission readiness support to help you write better, faster.

Get accurate academic translations, rewriting support, grammar checks, vocabulary suggestions, and generative AI assistance that delivers human precision at machine speed.  Try for free or  upgrade to Paperpal Prime  starting at US$19 a month  to access premium features, including consistency, plagiarism, and 30+ submission readiness checks to help you succeed.

Experience the future of academic writing –  Sign up to Paperpal and start writing for free!

Related Reads:

• Paraphrasing in Academic Writing: Answering Top Author Queries
• How to Paraphrase Research Papers Effectively
• Grammarly Review – Is Grammarly Worth it? [2024 Update]

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Paraphrasing Tool

Paraphrasing tool to rephrase your text, paragraph, sentence, article, and essay for free. Give a try to this AI paraphraser here👇

• Original Article
• Rewritten Article

Select Word

Select a word to display available synonyms suggestions or revert back to original word.

Why RewriteGuru’s Paraphrasing Tool?

The paraphrase tool offers advanced features that will help you to rephrase text online and make it unique. Check details for some exceptional features:

AI Paraphrasing

• AI paraphrasing tool uses advanced algorithms.
• Creative context-based rephrasing suggestions.
• The paraphrase generator improves content quality.

Spinning Modes

• Three different modes of rephrasing
• Creative spin: Medium Level
• Turbo spin: Maximum word replacement
• DIY mode: User's choice

Choose Desired Synonyms

• Explore the vocabulary of our sentence synonym generator.
• Appropriate synonyms for highlighted words
• Accept suggested synonyms and personalize your content.

Similarity Checker

• Rates each synonym with a similarity percentage
• Choose the most relevant synonym
• Accurate results

Removes Plagiarism

• It provides content with no traces of plagiarism.
• Paraphrase paragraphs & sentences to eliminate duplication.
• The rephrase tool will make your content 100% unique.

How to Paraphrase Online?

Upload content.

Paste the content or click the “upload” button to submit your file.

Choose Mode & Language

Select the paraphrasing mode and language from the dropdown menus.

Accept suggestions

Accept the suggestions from the provided options as per your choice.

Click Button

Click on the “Paraphrase Text” button to rephrase your content instantly.

More Than an Ordinary AI Rephraser Tool

Our AI rephraser can paraphrase different kinds of textual content due to the cutting-edge technologies operating on the back end. Here is a brief explanation of how our paraphrasing tool works:

Sentence Rephraser

Our sentence changer online rephrases the sentences with suitable replacements that uplift their readability and engagement. The final sentence generated by this AI sentence rephraser has a strong vocabulary that emphasizes the contextual meaning of the text.

Word Rephraser

Our free word rephraser can help you explore the complexities of language. Using its suggestions, you can meticulously reshape individual expressions and improve clarity. Moreover, this word paraphraser can manage different languages, including Spanish , French , Italian , and Russian .

Paragraph Rephraser

With our paragraph paraphraser, you can boost the coherence of your content while preserving its original meaning. The paragraph rephrasing practice will guarantee a smooth transition and logical flow in the write-up.

Essay Rephraser

Our AI essay paraphraser can help you write engaging essays. Revamping content with this essay rephrasing tool can quickly improve your writing tone and structure. It will take a few clicks to paraphrase essays, papers, and theses.

Article Rephraser

Our tool to rephrase articles online can help you transform bland articles into something special. By polishing the text while maintaining the original meaning, you can make your articles stand out for the right reasons.

Key Features of Our Paraphrase Tool

Paraphrase generator by RewriteGuru offers some advanced features that make it an exceptional text rephrasing tool.

24/7 Availability

Multilingual support, free paraphrasing tool, reframe sentences, quick auto paraphrase, paraphrase text accurately, unlimited online paraphrasing, 100% unique content, users of our online paraphrasing tool.

Sometimes, webmasters must upload text urgently, but they need help finding the writer. RewriteGuru's free paraphraser can tackle this situation. Our AI rephrase tool helps renew the old text and provide ready-to-publish content within a few seconds.

The students can use our free rephrasing tool to make their assignments, theses, and research papers, where they must add already published content. This tool will paraphrase text and leave no traces of plagiarism in your content. If any doubts remain, you can verify the accuracy of our paragraph and sentence rephraser online using a plagiarism checker .

Freelancers

The freelancers must manage several projects simultaneously, which requires much time and research. The paraphrase generator by RewriteGuru can help in this case. Using this paraphrase tool free, they can create engaging textual files from the already available files.

Researchers

As a researcher, you must conduct both primary and secondary research. With our AI text paraphraser tool, you only need to do the primary research independently. For secondary research, our online paraphrasing tool will help you create new reports from existing reports and save ample time.

Reasons To Use Sentence Rephraser Online

Sentence dictionary.

The sentence rephraser mode of this advanced paraphrasing tool free enables newbies to create grammatically strong content like a pro! The capability of working like a professional writer makes sentence rephraser a perfect mode. In this mode, the uploaded text is scanned and rephrase paragraph with suitable replacements that uplift its readability and engagement. The final rephrase sentence generated by this AI mode will be enriched with a strong vocabulary that emphasizes the contextual meaning of the text.

Semantic Rephrasing

The AI-based paragraph rephrase tool online modifies sentences with appropriate word replacements while keeping the text's actual meaning. You no longer need to bring structural changes to your content on your own. This online paraphrase tool free rephrases the sentence in a way that modifies the sentence structure besides altering the word choice to make the uploaded text look fresh and unique.

Smarter Writing

This AI paraphrasing tool will rephrase sentence online and enhances clarity in the content which provides you with a new version of your text in different styles. Any unnecessary and irrelevant text will be discarded to make the content unambiguous. The rephrased text will undoubtedly be magnetic and hold the power to engage targeted readers. If you still want to change sentence, the online rewording tool can be a great option.

Avoid Human Errors

Generate high-quality and flawless textual content with sentence rephraser online. The AI technology not only rephrases the sentence but also ensures the accuracy and preciseness of the text without neglecting a minor error that may go unnoticed by humans. With the help of the sentence rephrase mode of our advanced AI online paraphrasing tool, you can maintain your content quality and make it read-worthy.

What is Paraphrasing?

Paraphrasing means to express any information in your own words while maintaining the original meaning of the source text. It is not just about changing some words with their synonyms or restructuring sentences. Preserving the actual context is also part of the paraphrasing process.

Why Should I Use This Paraphrase Generator?

Our text paraphraser tool uses AI-based natural language processing algorithms to rephrase sentences, paragraphs, words, articles, and essays. Moreover, this paraphrase generator improves the quality of your content.

How does the paraphraser improve my writing skills?

The paraphrase tool produces output with expanded vocabulary, enhanced sentence structure, and promoted clarity. By analyzing the results of this text rephraser, you can identify and improve your weaknesses.

What Is the Cost of Rephrasing My Sentences Online?

Paraphrase sentences without paying a single penny with this free sentence rephraser. Besides, our rephrase generator will never ask you to create an account or share any information to rephrase sentences online.

Is It Legal to Use a Rephrase Tool for My Academic Work?

Yes, using a free online paraphrasing tool for academic work is legal until you aren’t using it to commit fraud. Using this sentence changer to give your old content a new look is completely fine.

Can Using This Paraphrasing Generator Be Considered Plagiarism?

No! The rephrase tool just rephrases paragraphs and sentences to provide a new version of the original text. The paraphrase generator won’t include any copied or duplicate data, so there is no chance of it being considered plagiarised.

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Uses NLP (Natual language Processing) for rewriting

Rewrites the content without changing its context

Maintain the relativity with the original one

In this blog, we will delve into the challenges you might be suffering from as a freelance writer. Also, we're going to offer solutions that can help you overcome the issues arising in this field.

Select any sentence from your text.

Multiple options for a single sentence will be provided

Choose the best wording according to your choice

Read more about this mode.

The significant increase in sub-prime mortgage defaults caused the bursting of a housing bubble.

Rewriting content is an easy way out to meet the need of content creation for websites. We are here with a standalone website of Article Rewriter Free to rewrite content on your behalf in an easy and speedy way.

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Paraphrasing Tool

This is a free AI-powered rewrite tool that offers you rephrasing of your articles, sentences, essays, stories, and other creations. Our tool finds the best options for text rewording thanks to Natural Language Processing (NLP) AI software and presents you with a variety of choices.

We are here to offer you the best free tool to enhance your writing and edit any sentence you need

Paraphrase articles, essays, add new words, and phrases to your writing to present your ideas in a novel and fresh way.

Our free AI-powered paraphrase generator works great as a sentence rephraser, word changer, and article rewriter. It doesn’t alter the ideas in your writing but instead adds richness and freshness.

Paraphrasing and the functions of a paraphrasing tool

So what is paraphrasing? It is the process of rewriting sentences to present your ideas in a new and clearer way.

The core functions of a paraphraser are as follows:

Rewords the text by offering synonyms

• Keeps the initial context and provides structure
• Makes content smoother and more consistent

Our smart free paraphrasing tool takes this process to a whole new level. We integrate innovative solutions with traditional rewording tools to get the best outcome. Our precise software will help you get improved structure and well-written content.

When using our rewrite tool, you get a high-quality and human-level result. The end product is a well-written, appealing, and intelligent piece. We want to help you improve your style and get your ideas across with the best sentence rewriter.

Our interactive tool helps you decide which version you want to use. Select the variant you are most comfortable with to ensure natural and comprehensive results.

Differences between a Paraphrasing Tool and a Paraphrasing Bot

ELEMENTS OF COMPARISON

PARAPHRASING BOT

Offer AI-powered rephrasing solutions to provide clarity and consistency

Offer basic algorithm word changes to gain profit

Produce sensible, unique work

Offer synonyms and changes without adjusting to the context

Machine learning NLP algorithms

Basic algorithms

Students, professionals, researchers, poets, and storytellers

High-quality rephrasing and rewording

Elementary vocabulary changes

When using our exceptional tool, you get the following advantages, which we like to call the 4Cs:

Your work stays clear and easily readable.

We offer human-level rephrasing.

The original idea of your work is well kept, and the new version fully conveys the original message.

Consistency

Our tool stays consistent throughout long texts and offers only top-notch changes.

On the other hand, paraphrase bots do not provide any of the above-mentioned points. They are built in a simple way and just offer synonyms, turning your work into an unreadable collection of words.

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We have incorporated the best practices in machine learning to present you with high-quality sentence rewriting options. Our software works wonders and is the best free tool available on the market.

The NLP technique behind the tool helps you create smart copies of your articles that present your ideas even better. This technique makes your content smooth and easily readable.

The paraphrasing tool enhances your writing style and enriches your vocabulary. The best tool for academic writing, professional research, and creative pieces is the AI-powered paraphraser.

Features of our Paraphrasing Tool

AI-powered technology

Due to a highly developed machine learning algorithm, the tool features high-quality options for rewording.

Fast & free paraphrasing service

The free interactive tool is fast and to the point. It does an amazing job as a paraphraser of words, sentences, and paragraphs.

Clear paraphrasing of your ideas

Many online sentence rewriters lose the meaning of the original text when they rewrite it, but our AI-powered tool keeps all of your original ideas.

Unique Text

Our tool offers 100% unique, plagiarism-free text, so you don’t have to worry about the originality of your article being compromised.

Structured Content

With the help of our free tool to rewrite paragraphs, you can be sure that you have paraphrased text in the right way and kept the correct structure for your text.

Rephrasing poems & stories

We understand the importance and difficulty of paraphrasing poems and stories, and that’s why our rephrasing tool is built with proper algorithms to yield high-quality results.

Users of our Paraphrasing Tool

There are numerous ways to make the most of the tool, and we leave it to you to decide. We just want you to know that we are here for you for any of your project alterations and rephrasings. Commonly, our paraphrasing tool is used by the following personas:

If you are a student looking for a fast and easy rephrasing tool that will help you get a better grade on your assignment, we’ve got your back./nOur free paraphrase generator gives you ideas for your assignments that are free of plagiarism and can help you improve your style.

Researchers

Our rephrasing tool is here to help you get more out of your research and avoid plagiarism. Whether you are working on your PhD, thesis, or brand-new research, we will add creativity and sophisticated words to your work.

Script Writers

Unleash your creative side and write down your script ideas and the most fascinating scenarios. Let the rephrasing tool do the rest of the rewriting to help you better appeal to your audience. Choose this tool to assist you with script changes while preserving the context of your work.

Poets and storytellers

Let inspiration guide you to write down stories and poems that come from your heart and soul. In turn, our paraphrase generator will create all the necessary paraphrases to construct your writing in the necessary tone and style. Make your poems and stories stand out with words that will hook your reader.

Content writers and copywriters

If you need to summarize your copywriting, look no further, because our tool will do the job for you. Using our easy-to-use paraphrase generator, we’ll keep the meaning of the original content but give you a newer version.

Produce your best-performing blog content every time with the help of our free tool. We will help you create unique content every time and keep your readers interested.

Digital Marketers

If you have a task to write ad copy or SEO-related blog posts, we will help you write the best-performing content for your readers.

Why is paraphrasing-tool.com the best tool?

We are pleased to offer you the best AI-powered solutions to level up your writing. The rich vocabulary of the paraphrase generator will give your great work an extra kick. Here are the reasons that we consider ourselves the best tool out there:

A great user interface

Human-level and professional rephrasing

Machine learning technology

Free access

Adjusted wording without meaning loss

Explore our suite of AI writing tools for grammar checking, summarzing and much more!

How does this tool impact the academic writing skills of students.

Our tool for paraphrasing uses machine learning algorithms to give you a better and wider range of words. While using our tool, students not only learn new words but also see the correct way to use them in text. Using our tool results in better quality text, new words learned, and improved clarity.

Does this tool help in developing the quality of the essay?

Definitely, yes! If you are stuck in a place where you don’t have any ideas on how to proceed with your essay, the tool will come in handy. We will supply you with newer phrases and elevated ideas for you to use.

Is using a paraphrasing tool considered plagiarism?

No. As mentioned, the tool provides plagiarism-free content while keeping the original meaning of your work. Each rephrasing is unique and unlike any other piece paraphrased on our website.

Is using a paraphrasing tool cheating?

If you are paraphrasing your own ideas or looking for inspiration, it is not cheating. When paraphrasing, you are not stealing any ideas; you are just researching other options for presenting your ideas.

Can teachers tell if you used a paraphrasing tool?

The tool uses special algorithms to paraphre your work with human-like options. Therefore, it is nearly impossible to tell whether you have used a paraphrase tool.

Which paraphrasing tool is best for academic writing?

The tool is structured to help you get new ideas and freshen up your academic work. The paraphraser identifies the subject you are writing about and, with special algorithms, offers you words and phrases relating to your topic.

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Paraphrase Online

Paraphrase online is a free online paraphrasing tool used to change words and rephrase sentences.

How to Use our Paraphrasing Tool?

It is very easy to paraphrase online with our paraphrasing tool. To rephrase, follow the steps below.

• Type/paste the text into the input box or upload a file (.doc, .docx, .pdf, .txt) from local storage.
• Select the required paraphrasing mode and click on the "Paraphrase" button.
• The paraphrased text will be displayed on the right box. You can also change the modes for different outputs.
• You can also copy and download the paraphrased text by clicking on the output buttons.

Free Paraphrasing Tool

Our paraphrasing tool (paraphraser) helps students, writers, and bloggers to avoid plagiarism. This rewording tool uses advanced AI algorithms to change sentence structure, synonymize the text and make other similar changes. 

This word changer has a built-in paraphrase generator that helps in rephrasing any paragraph accurately.

What is Paraphrasing?

Paraphrasing is one way to use a text in your own writing without directly quoting source material ( according to Purdue University ). It is the process of rewording and rearranging sentence structure while keeping the original meaning of the context.

Features of Paraphrase Online

Paraphrase Online offers numerous features such as paraphrasing essays, assignments, and rewording articles. Our paraphrase tool works as the best sentence rephraser and word changer.

Upload Files

You can use this feature to upload files directly from your device and skip the copy-paste or typing step. Our tool supports Doc, Docx, PDF & .txt file formats.

Free and Secure

Our word paraphraser is 100% free and completely secure to use for all kinds of rephrasing paragraphs and sentences to avoid plagiarism.

Rephrase Accurately

Our rephrase tool is based on advanced AI algorithms that can rephrase more accurately than humans and makes text grammatically correct and plagiarism free.

Ease to use

Paraphrase Online has a user-friendly interface and simple navigation that makes our paraphrase generator the most easy to use paraphrasing tool online.

Plagiarism Free Content

Content paraphrased by our sentence rephraser will be 100% plagiarism-free. Our paraphrasing tool helps you rephrase any text in seconds to avoid plagiarism issues.

Speed & Customization

Our paraphraser can rephrase any text within seconds and provides quick results. Paraphrase Online also allows you to customize the output to suit your needs, e.g: choosing the specific words to be replaced.

05 Different Paraphrasing Modes

Our paraphrasing tool offers five different paraphrasing modes/styles that you can choose from as per your need and requirement. Here is a brief profile of each mode:

Word Changer

The Word Changer mode is designed to replace the words in the text with suitable synonyms. This mode focuses on changing words and does not make other types of alterations.

Sentence Rephraser

The Sentence Rephraser mode is made to rephrase sentences as a whole by making changes to the words as well as the phrases.

The Academic mode of our paraphrasing tool makes your text more formal and suitable for academic uses.

The Creative mode makes smart and extensive changes to the text to make it look different from the original version. This mode is best for avoiding plagiarism, improving readability, and enhancing engagement.

The Shorten mode rephrases text while also making it shorter than the original input. This mode is best for creating a paraphrased + summarized output for your existing text.

Why Our Paraphrase Tool?

Our paraphrase tool is the best rewording tool that helps you to write content in your own words. This paraphrase generator changes words and phrases quickly and accurately.

Supported Languages

ES , ID , BR

Users of Paraphrase Online

This paraphraser is widely used by:

Students can use this paraphrasing tool to paraphrase their assignments and research papers. Our tool can help students:

Avoid plagiarism : It helps students to make their work plagiarism-free.

Make assignments more readable : Our tool also makes content more readable and free of grammar errors. And if English is not their first language then this tool is no less than a best friend.

• Save time : Generate assignments and essays by quickly paraphrasing the existing content.

Creating class notes and study material on the same topic is a very tough task for teachers. Hey teachers! You can thank us for this awesome rewording tool. You can:

• Paraphrase any notes within seconds while keeping its original meaning;
• Make study notes easy to understand for your class students; 
• Generate new assignment ideas by rephrasing the same topics.

Webmasters/Bloggers

Bloggers have to post on a regular basis, and mostly on similar topics. They can create unique content for their blogs without spending a lot of time by just rewording existing blogs.

SEO Specialists

SEO specialists can use our AI-based paraphrasing tool to create unique content for their websites. SEO experts must use our tool because:

• The final result of our tool is also optimized for search engines; 
• It adjusts multiple keywords by rephrasing text

Content Writers

Content writers play the most creative part in a website. Our rephrase tool helps them to come up with new ideas using existing content. Content writers can also use our paraphrase tool to rephrase their write-ups to avoid plagiarism.

Copywriters

Make your next advertising campaign line catchy and engaging using our paraphrasing tool. Create messages that will sell products, services, or ideas. Paraphrase Online makes your writing visually appealing and effective.

Media Marketers

Best marketing lines matter in digital marketing. Our paraphrase tool provides different versions of the same lines that can be used for A/B testing. Even a simple choice of different words can generate more leads.

Researchers

Researchers can use our shorten mode to summarize and paraphrase their research papers. It makes it easy for them to change their literature reviews.

Business Professionals

Rewording emails, reports, or other business documents is very common for business professionals. Our reword tool could be very helpful in rewording texts for better clarity.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is using an online paraphrasing tool illegal.

No, using an online paraphrasing tool is not illegal. If you want to paraphrase someone else’s content, be sure to cite the source to avoid plagiarism.

Why is paraphrasing important?

Paraphrasing is important as it lets you avoid plagiarism and make your content more easily understandable. Paraphrasing is often done to improve clarity in a piece of text.

Which paraphrasing tool is best for university students?

The paraphrasing tool by Paraphrase Online is an excellent choice for university students. It is free and provides accurate results.

How can I use paraphrase tool for research paper?

You can easily use our paraphrase tool for improving the quality of your research papers and for getting new/better ideas for them. Using Paraphrase Online is easy and simple. You just have to enter your text, choose a mode, and then click on the button.

What are the benefits of paraphrasing in communication?

Paraphrasing can help make communication easier and more clear. You can paraphrase your mails and messages to make them more readable, natural, and better-flowing.

Paraphrasing in communication examples:

• You can paraphrase your work emails to make sure that the recipient easily understands them.
• You can paraphrase your letters and memos to make them clear and understandable for the office people.
• You can also paraphrase simple text messages to avoid having to repeat or explain yourself afterward.

Paraphrasing Tool

Enhance text clarity and understanding using an AI-driven paraphrasing tool. Perfect for students and professionals, this rephraser rewrites, edits, and adjusts tone for improved comprehension.

Rephrase sentences, paragraphs, essays, and articles effortlessly with our powerful paraphraser. Prevent plagiarism in blogs, research papers, and more using cutting-edge technology

The paraphraser tool works effectively to rewrite the content in a way that removes plagiarism , maintains readability, and makes the content considerably more appealing.

Leverage any of its four paraphrasing modes to rewrite the content as required. It enables you to rewrite the content using the regular, formal, text optimizer, smarter, creative, or AI paraphrase modes, each of which resonates with a distinct writing style.

Using groundbreaking AI technology , our paraphrasing tool lets you rewrite the content with the utmost accuracy. It neither changes the context nor compromises the content quality. No matter which type of content you are working on, you can run it through our paraphrasing tool and perfect it by all means.

The users including writers, bloggers, researchers, students, and any layperson can get the best out of our online plagiarism remover for free. It facilitates quick paraphrasing of 1000 words in one attempt.

MAKE YOUR CONTENT UNIQUE, ENGAGING, AND EASY TO READ WITH OUR PARAPHRASER TOOL

Use Paraphrasing.io to rewrite your content in original and improved wording that stands out from the rest. Change the choice of words and the way words are combined to construct sentences, achieving uniqueness and creativity in writing. Rephrase your content to ensure that it is free from potential writing errors and perfectly crafted to meet the target audience's needs. The AI paraphrasing tool will make your content unique, engaging, and easier to read by using new, trendy, simple, and fluent words and sentences.

Remove the Plagiarism

Eliminate duplicate phrases, clauses, and sentences to make the content unique

Improve Content Quality

Correct grammar, punctuation, spelling, and diction errors to enhance the readability score

Modify Writing Style

Modify the choice of words to change the tone and rewrite the content in different writing styles

FEATURES OF REPHRASER

Paraphrasing.io, the best sentence rephraser, thoroughly analyzes the given content to understand the context and then rewrite it with an intention to:

User-friendly Interface

Anyone can easily find, access, and use this tool to paraphrase the content from a beginner to an expert.

Improved Functionality

This paraphraser tool uses advanced AI algorithms to ensure that the content is paraphrased without errors and delays.

Error-Free Results

This paraphrasing tool skillfully rewrites the content as it works effectively in terms of accuracy and efficiency.

Multiple Rephrasing Modes

Six different rewriting modes are available, which lets you change the tone and style of the writing without changing the context.

Multi Languages Support

There are 17 different languages available, any of which you can choose to rewrite the content as required.

100% Secure Paraphraser

The content is paraphrased with absolute precision and automatically removed from the tool's database upon reloading.

Freemium Tool

Our AI paraphrasing tool is freemium, meaning it offers free (with limited features) and premium (with all features) access.

Optimize the Content

Maintain readability, uniqueness, and creativity in content to make it search-engine-friendly.

How Paraphrase Online Can Enhance Your Writing?

Whoever creates content is well aware of the fact that uniqueness has great importance in writing. This is because duplicate content is not accepted anywhere. Even if a few phrases or sentences are similar to previously published content, it is considered plagiarism. To paraphrase online, you can easily remove plagiarism from the content that you can ensure with a plagiarism checker .

Must be unique words

The content must be created using unique words, whether for the web or any academic assignment. Anyhow, it isn’t easy to write unique content. It is error-prone and time-consuming.

Readability and creativity

Take into account some more essential factors in writing: readability and creativity. The words you choose and how you combine them must be easy-to-read and creative enough to hook and engage the readers. Unfortunately, there can be various writing errors, such as misused and misspelled words in your writing. These writing issues can ruin your content quality, leaving no chance for a high ranking or score.

Unique and appealing

The students, researchers, and content writers can use an online paraphrasing tool to rewrite any content and make it 100% unique and appealing. The online rephrase tool uses advanced “artificial intelligence” algorithms to rewrite a piece of content to make it free from plagiarism and writing errors.

Multiple rewriting modes

For instance, you can use our word paraphraser then. It will take only a second to provide you with a unique and improved version of your content. There are multiple rewriting modes available, any of which you can leverage to change your content's writing style and make it much more captivating for the target audience.

Who Can Use Our AI Paraphrasing Tool?

Our online AI paraphraser tool can benefit different types of users. Some common users of the rephraser are listed below:

The rephrasing tool can help students automatically remove all instances of plagiarism from their assignments. To ensure, they can check the rephrased essays, thesis, and research papers with a plagiarism checker tool.

Content writers have to write unique and high-quality content pieces. The rephraser can help them automatically improve the clarity, uniqueness, and readability of their content. They can check the readability score with a readability checker.

Our AI paraphraser is a helpful tool for copywriters. They can write attractive and engaging copies. Also, the tool is useful in repurposing and A/B testing of product descriptions.

SEO executives can remove instances of AI detections by our rephraser and make their content search engine friendly. They can use an AI detector to check whether all the AI content is rephrased into human writing.

How does our free paraphrasing tool work?

Our free online rephrasing tool is based on artificial intelligence algorithms that help in attaining uniqueness in less time with accuracy. Paraphrasing.io is considered as an AI-based free rewording tool that makes content unique by replacing the words with synonyms while keeping the content quality high. Editpad contributed to the development of this great paraphrasing tool.

Who can provide excellent services ?

There are so many online paraphrase companies that offer help with many writing types of assignments and a host of others that it can be hard to know which to choose. documents, texts, articles - when it comes to paraphrase this, you need a professional such as we have that offers to refresh the given paper using a vast amount of experience in their fields of expertise.

Software and inexperienced writers will paraphrase text and swap individual terms for their synonyms. Not only is that likely to still be seen content piracy as the structure and order of wordings as are still the same but it will often not maintain the original meaning and will often use phrases that are out of context and will make the text meaningless as best.

Why should you consider paraphrasing.io ?

This paraphrasing tool provides various reasons and features by which we can easily differentiate this tool from any other online rephrase tool.

The reasons why you need to choose this sentence rephraser are listed below.

How to use Paraphrase Tool?

To use best paraphrasing tool follow the 4 simple steps given below:

• You can choose from 15 different languages: en id da de es fr it pl pt ro sv vi cs ru th ja ko
• Paste/write it into the text box or upload file in txt, doc, and docx format
• Modes `Regular`, `Formal`, `Creative`, and `Academic` to modify concerning.
• Click "Start Paraphrasing" button to rephrase and get an error-free, unique version of the content

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Enterprise Inquiry

Share your requirements with us and our team will respond to you promptly., online paraphrasing tool.

Bring clarity to your writing with Trinka’s Paraphrasing tool.

Get coherent paraphrases while preserving the original meaning.

Paraphrase Your Text

• Degree of Change Low High
• Show Revisions
• Changed Text
• Paraphrased text

Trinka offers an entire world of tools designed to enhance your writing journey - and the best part? - It's free!

Why choose trinka online paraphrasing tool.

Trinka’s paraphrasing tool is designed to enhance the fluency of your content while also ensuring you have the appropriate vocabulary, tone, and style for any occasion.

You can choose from multiple paraphrasing options for each sentence. Also, you can adjust the degree of change in the paraphrase alternatives so you can use them to suit your writing needs.

Trinka Paraphraser tool is free and easy to use—with just the click of a button, the paraphrasing tool will rephrase your text to your liking, with many options available to customize and perfect the reworded content.

Trinka’s paraphrasing tool – the ultimate solution for seamless content rephrasing!

Trinka’s Unmatched Features: Elevating Paraphrasing!

• Multiple options at your disposal , achieving optimal paraphrasing has never been easier.
• Adjust the degree of variation to suit your needs and achieve the perfect rephrase.
• Say goodbye to grammar errors as Trinka automatically corrects them for polished and error-free writing.
• Quick rephrasing at your fingertips , get paraphrased content with a single click.

Key Benefits of Online Paraphrasing Tool

Explore the full range of Trinka Online Paraphrasing Tool features.

Paraphrase Efficiently

Trinka helps reduce time and effort required for paraphrasing content, enabling you to focus on your work, rather than the language used.

Improve Clarity

Trinka ensures that the paraphrased versions maintain the original meaning and integrity of the text, mitigating the risk of misinterpretation.

Remove Grammar Errors

Trinka instantly helps remove grammar errors, ensuring precise and error-free written communication.

Get an all-round improvement in your writing with Trinka

Trinka’s paraphrasing tool faq.

Trinka Paraphraser is a free online paraphrasing tool that leverages advanced NLP techniques to generate high-quality paraphrases while preserving the original meaning of the text inputted.

For first-time users, here are the steps to use Trinka Paraphrasing tool:

• Access Trinka Paraphraser: Go to the Trinka Paraphraser website.
• Input your content: Copy and paste the text you want to paraphrase into the provided box.
• Start paraphrasing: Click on the paraphrase button to begin the process.
• Review the results: Trinka Paraphraser will generate the paraphrased version of your content. Read through it to see if it meets your requirements.
• Make adjustments (if needed): If necessary, you can make manual adjustments to the paraphrased text to further tailor it to your liking.
• Finalize and use: Once you are satisfied with the paraphrased content, use it in your writing or any other desired application.

By following these steps, you can easily and effectively use Trinka Paraphrasing tool to paraphrase your content.

Trinka Paraphrasing tool uses sophisticated algorithms to analyse and rephrase text, providing users with alternative versions that maintain coherence and readability.

Trinka Paraphraser is an online paraphraser tool, making it easily accessible without the need for installation.

Trinka Paraphraser offers real-time paraphrasing capabilities, a choice for the degree of change, multiple paraphrased options, and automatic grammar error correction by utilizing sentence rephraser unlike other paraphrasing tools available in the market.

The Trinka Paraphraser is designed to cater to a wide range of users, including academicians from various disciplines such as science and technology, content writers, bloggers, students, researchers, and professionals seeking to generate unique content variations.

Currently, Trinka Paraphraser allows you to paraphrase up to 500 words at a time, but you can use it as much as you want without any restrictions. Unlike other online paraphrasing tools that might have word limits, Trinka Paraphraser offers unlimited usage for its users.

Yes, Trinka Paraphraser is specifically developed to provide valuable support to academic writers with their research papers and articles. It assists them in rephrasing their content effectively, creating original and unique variations, all while maintaining the same meaning.

Absolutely, bloggers can use Trinka Paraphraser online to rewrite articles, explore alternative ways to express their ideas, and enhance the quality of their posts.

Trinka Paraphraser's real-time paraphrasing feature helps users save time by generating alternative versions as they write.

Trinka Paraphraser boosts writing efficiency by assisting users who experience writer's block or have limited vocabulary. It helps writers find the right words to express their ideas perfectly and communicate effectively.

Yes, users can tailor the degree of change in the paraphrased content based on their requirements with Trinka Paraphraser.

Trinka Paraphraser automatically corrects grammar errors with its built-in grammar correction engine. Ensuring that your paraphrased content is polished and free from writing mistakes.

With its innovative paraphrasing techniques, Trinka Paraphraser fosters creativity, leading to fresh and original paraphrased content.

Yes, Trinka Paraphraser ensures consistency and coherence throughout the paraphrased content, enhancing readability.

The advanced algorithms of Trinka Paraphrasing tool make sure to paraphrase responsibly, checking and safeguarding against unintentional plagiarism. This ensures that your content remains original and avoids any accidental copying.

Trinka Paraphraser will be available on browser extension soon for convenient access during writing tasks.

Trinka Paraphraser will soon be available as a Word Add-in, making it easy to access while writing in your familiar and comfortable writing environment.

Trinka Paraphraser may offer integration options with popular writing tools or platforms soon, to enhance user convenience.

Yes, Trinka has a dedicated customer support team to assist users with any problems they may encounter at any point of time. Please reach out to us at [email protected]

Trinka Paraphraser follows strict data privacy measures and ensures the security of user data and content.

Trinka Paraphraser is always getting better, and our team is continuously working on updates and enhancements to improve its performance and user experience. We are committed to making it even more effective and user-friendly for our users

Absolutely! At Trinka, we highly value user feedback and suggestions. They play a crucial role in refining and enhancing Trinka Paraphraser's features. We welcome input from our users as it helps us make the tool even better and more useful for everyone.

Sentence Rephraser

Alternative ways to express your ideas

• It's not what I anticipated.
• I'm new to car sales.
• I will keep you informed about how things go.

Like a Thesaurus… for full sentences!

Let the magic of Ginger’s AI suggest inspiring alternatives for conveying your intended message.

Add clarity and style to your writing

A well-placed synonym or idiom can often equal the difference between a bland, boring message and one that resonates with meaning and focus. Well-written text makes frequent use of familiar English idioms to better convey messages; and so a strategically placed idiom is a relatively easy way to enhance otherwise plain text. Ginger’s Sentence Rephraser makes it simple for anyone to write high-quality text. With one simple click users can rephrase a sentence with word synonyms, antonyms, idioms and phrases. With Ginger’s Sentence Rephraser you’ll feel as though the entire English dictionary is at your fingertips while you rephrase sentences to improve your written communication. Using synonyms isn’t always enough to come across as a pro, Sentence Rephraser also adds missing words, completes fragmented sentences and fixes spelling mistakes all in accordance with the context of your sentence. Streamline those wordy sentences with Ginger’s AI-based Rephraser.

Boost your creativity and get inspired

Stuck on the initial, creative part of your writing process? Ginger will instantly give you the dose of inspiration you need. Enter a sentence and let the Rephraser provide a vast array of fresh, new ways of saying the same old statements, sentences and expressions. Whether you’re trying to make a good impression in the professional or educational world, creating content for your blog or website, or if you’re out to craft the most masterful essay you’ve ever written, choosing the right words for the right situation makes a huge difference.

Rephrase is included in all Ginger products.

Rewrite with Outwrite

Rework sentences to make them clear, concise or different with our AI paraphrasing tool

Chrome Web Store

.css-1q5a19v{position:relative;background-color:transparent;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-position:1px 55%;background-position:1px 55%;-webkit-background-size:calc(100% - 2px) 50%;background-size:calc(100% - 2px) 50%;background-image:linear-gradient( to right, hsla(256, 56%, 84%, 1) 0%, hsla(256, 56%, 84%, 1) 100% );} Rewrite , your way

See different ways to paraphrase your writing

Enhances the clarity and flow of your writing

Rephrases sentences to make them longer

Shortens sentences by cutting out unnecessary words

Rewords sentences to make them more formal

Suggests ways to make your writing sound more informal

Restructure

Changes sentence structure to improve clarity and variety

How it .css-1bin4wx{position:relative;background-color:transparent;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-position:1px 55%;background-position:1px 55%;-webkit-background-size:calc(100% - 2px) 50%;background-size:calc(100% - 2px) 50%;background-image:linear-gradient( to right, hsla(8, 66%, 83%, 1) 0%, hsla(8, 66%, 83%, 1) 100% );} works

Rewrite your sentences in three easy steps

• Highlight a section of text
• Choose a goal

Rewrite .css-1803rni{position:relative;background-color:transparent;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-position:1px 55%;background-position:1px 55%;-webkit-background-size:calc(100% - 2px) 50%;background-size:calc(100% - 2px) 50%;background-image:linear-gradient( to right, hsla(46, 95%, 84%, 1) 0%, hsla(46, 95%, 84%, 1) 100% );} anywhere online

Unlock other .css-1bin4wx{position:relative;background-color:transparent;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-position:1px 55%;background-position:1px 55%;-webkit-background-size:calc(100% - 2px) 50%;background-size:calc(100% - 2px) 50%;background-image:linear-gradient( to right, hsla(8, 66%, 83%, 1) 0%, hsla(8, 66%, 83%, 1) 100% );} advanced features

Style suggestions

Simplifies and shortens wordy or complex phrases

Passive voice detection

Converts phrases from passive voice to active voice

Multilingual support

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Marketing, Laing + Simmons

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• Word Changer

Paraphrasing Tool

Paraphraser is the best AI paraphrasing tool that helps you accurately paraphrase sentences, paragraphs, and essays using state-of-the-art technology.

Features of Paraphraser

Paraphraser has many features that make its paraphrasing tool the best on the market, including rephrasing essays, writing effective content, and creating original copies with AI.

Paraphrase Like Human

Paraphraser has the art of human-level paraphrasing. The final rephrased output will be creative, more readable, sensible, and plagiarism free.

Cutting-edge AI Paraphrase Tool

Our free paraphrase tool is the most advanced AI rephraser based on NLP. Our paraphrase generator can rephrase sentences and complete articles in seconds.

Maintain Original Meaning

Unlike other online paraphrase tools, our AI-based sentence rephraser maintains the original meaning of the context while changing the sentence structure.

Why our Paraphrasing Tool is best?

Our paraphrasing tool uses advanced AI algorithms to accurately paraphrase text. AI-based text rephrasing was never possible before Paraphraser launched.

Some benefits are mentioned below that make Paraphraser the best:

Quality Content

The rephrase tool generates more readable, engaging, and grammatically error-free content without ruining the quality of the content after paraphrasing.

It replaces proper synonyms, rephrases like real humans, and paraphrases better than professional writers.

Plagiarism-free output

Our Paraphrasing tool helps you to  avoid duplication of content . Paraphraser.io is useful to increase productivity as it quickly and easily generates multiple versions of the same text.

As compared to other tools, Paraphraser provides the fastest results by keeping the best quality. It can provide large text results within a few seconds.

Easy to use

Sentence rephraser by Paraphraser is easy to use and has a user-friendly interface. Do you have any suggestions to improve our interface? Please let us know . 

We provide Fluency & Standard mode with 600 words limit free of cost. You can rephrase unlimited text without any daily limit. You can increase the word limit to 1500, by upgrading to pro .

Paraphrasing APIs

Colleges and universities can integrate our rephraser using our paraphrasing APIs .

Customer support

We take care of our users. In case you have any questions or need assistance, You can contact us via chat or open a ticket on our  support page . 

How to paraphrase online?

To paraphrase online using our rewording tool, follow these simple steps:

• Type the text in the input box or upload a file. 
• Click on the submit button and let this paraphrasing tool do the rest of the work. 😊

Paraphrasing tool users

Our tool can be used in a number of ways, so it is up to you to decide how you want to use it. 

We are always here for any alterations or paraphrasing you may need. Our Paraphrasing tool is commonly used by the following people:

If you are a student and looking for an accurate and best solution for paraphrasing, we are here for you. 

Our online paraphrase generator gives different ideas for assignment writing and thesis writing. You can make your assignments plagiarism-free and more readable. Use our rephrasing tool, Get good grades, and Thank us later 😉.

Teachers: 

If you are a teacher, we know your feelings. For a teacher, a paraphrasing tool is not less than a life-savour, as they have to prepare notes, reports, quizzes, and helpful study material on a regular basis.  

• With our tool, teachers can create study notes that are easier to understand.
• Our professional paraphrasing tool helps teachers save time by automatically rephrasing the text. 
• Teachers can also use our rewording tool to create quiz questions that are more challenging and varied.

Researchers:

By rephrasing technical terms researchers can avoid plagiarism and summarize key points in their research papers. You can paraphrase the main ideas of a source to better understand the information. 

A sentence changer can be helpful when writing a review or synthesis of the literature.

Copywriters:

To make your copywriting more creative, our word rephraser is a very handy tool . 

Generating your content for advertising, public relations, and media is very easy using word changer, because the choice of the words matters. 

Using our tool, copywriters can 

Craft compelling and persuasive messages to sell products, services, or ideas.

Work with creative teams, including art directors and designers, to ensure that the writing is visually appealing and effective.

Create copy for a wide range of media, including print, digital, and social media.

Bloggers: 

Write more engaging and killer quality content using our free paraphrasing tool. Different word choices and sentence structures make blog content appealing to blog readers.

Every Blogger should use a rephrasing tool to

Avoid Plagiarism : Our free tool creates original content to avoid plagiarism by changing the words and sentences. 

Improve readability : make blog content readable for all types of users.

Save time : we can save your time and effort by automating the process of rephrasing. For large projects with tight deadlines, our paraphraser tool is super helpful. 

Create best-performing content for your social media posts, emails, advertisements, and article submissions with our online paraphrase tool. 

Marketers can cut down the writing cost using our free tool.

Get Multiple versions of the content for A/B Testing, for example, email subject lines or social media posts, to test which ones are most effective.

Paraphrase text in a way that is easier to understand for their audience.

Webmasters:

Display the best tag lines and descriptions for your website with our advanced paraphrase tool. Writing the best quality content attracts readers and is also good for SEO purposes. We had six different modes; you can choose the most suitable mode for your e-commerce, landing page or a saas website.

Paraphraser.io helps you rephrase text easily and quickly

Our paraphrasing tool online lets you paraphrase text in one go. You can use this free tool to paraphrase your sentences, paragraphs, articles, and even long blogs with advanced AI technology. It further provides several useful features that help you customize the rephrased text to fit your content needs.

How Does This Paraphrasing Tool Work?

It is an AI-based paraphraser developed with state-of-the-art technology. It rewrites articles, rewords sentences, and paraphrases the text. It also works as a reworder and rewriter for lessness chances of plagiarism.

Paraphrase Anywhere

Our free paraphrasing tool can be used online across all devices, including Android & IOS.

Multiple Languages

WHAT DO YOU WANT TO KNOW

Some of The Most Frequently Asked Questions

Is using a paraphrasing tool is illegal?

No, using a paraphrasing tool is not illegal if used correctly. In academic writing, if you use a word rephraser to create content then it must be correctly cited. Using paraphrased content as original work could be considered academic misconduct.

Can you get in trouble for using a paraphrasing tool?

Sentence rephraser developed using advanced AI algorithms to paraphrase content like a human. You can use our different modes to check which rephrase model is the best fit for you. Pro Tips: Cite the sources to avoid any trouble.

Is using a paraphrasing tool count as plagiarism?

No, Using a paraphrase online tool does not count as plagiarism. As mentioned above, our tool provides plagiarism-free content while keeping the original meaning of the context.   Our text paraphraser helps users to rephrase text and avoid plagiarism. The content generated by our tool is completely unique.

Can I use a paraphrasing tool for legal writing?

• Check plagiarism: Double-check the rephrased text for plagiarism.
• Cite Sources: Cite any sources used, even if you used a paraphraser tool to rephrase a text.

Students Blog

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ChatGPT is an AI chatbot that uses NLP to write human-like AI content & answer questions. Here are some tips to paraphrase AI content effectively ...

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QuillBot vs Wordtune: Which Best AI Writing & Paraphrasing Tool is Better?

Picture this: you’re staring at a blank page, the cursor blinking mockingly. Writer’s block has struck again. Or maybe you’ve written a draft, but it’s dull, lifeless, and in dire need of a makeover.

Enter AI writing tools and your digital allies in the quest for better writing. QuillBot and Wordtune are two popular contenders, each promising to transform your words and streamline your writing process. But which one truly delivers?

If you purchase through our partner links, we get paid for the referral at no additional cost to you! For more information, visit my  disclosure  page.

In this in-depth showdown, we’ll pit QuillBot against Wordtune, examining their features, performance, and overall value. By the end, you’ll know exactly which tool deserves a spot in your writing arsenal.

Whether you’re a student struggling with essays, a professional crafting emails and reports, or a content creator seeking to captivate your audience , this comparison will help you choose the AI writing tool that best suits your needs. Get ready to discover your new writing companion and unlock your full potential.

Brief Overview: QuillBot vs Wordtune

First, I’ll give you a quick overview of QuillBot and Wordtune:

QuillBot is your all-in-one AI writing assistant. It’s designed to enhance your writing, whether you need to paraphrase content , check for grammar errors, or brainstorm new ideas. Its intuitive, user-friendly interface and versatile features make it a popular choice for writers of all levels.

Key Selling Points:

• Multiple paraphrasing modes: Rephrase your text in different styles for varied tones and purposes.
• Grammar and plagiarism checker: Ensure accuracy and originality in your writing skills.
• Summarizer and Co-Writer: Condense long texts and collaborate on writing projects seamlessly.
• Integrations: Works with popular platforms like Google Docs and Microsoft Word.

Wordtune takes a different approach, focusing on rewriting and refining your sentences. It suggests alternative phrasing, helping you express your ideas more clearly and creatively. It’s an excellent tool for polishing your writing and finding the perfect words.

• Smart sentence rewrites: Improve your writing style and clarity.
• Casual and formal tone options: Tailor your writing to the right audience.
• Word and phrase suggestions: Find the perfect words to express your thoughts.
• Browser extension: Works directly in your web browser for convenient editing.

Quick Verdict: QuillBot vs Wordtune

QuillBot is your go-to tool for comprehensive writing support.

QuillBot’s strength lies in its versatility. It’s not just a paraphraser; it’s a multi-tool that tackles various aspects of your writing. Need to reword a sentence? QuillBot offers multiple paraphrasing modes for different styles. Want to ensure your grammar is impeccable?

The built-in checker has you covered. Plus, the summarizer and Co-Writer features make it a valuable asset for research and collaborative projects. It’s like having a writing tutor and editor in one package.

Wordtune specializes in refining and reimagining your sentences.

If you want to elevate your writing style, Wordtune is your secret weapon. Its smart suggestions help you find the perfect words and phrasing, making your writing clearer, more engaging, and more impactful.

Whether you’re aiming for a casual or formal tone, Wordtune adapts to your needs. It’s a fantastic tool for those who want to add a touch of flair and creativity to their writing.

Product Overview: QuillBot vs Wordtune

What is it?

QuillBot is an AI-powered writing tool designed to enhance your writing quality and productivity . It offers a suite of features, such as paraphrasing, grammar checking, and plagiarism detection, making it a versatile tool for writers.

Wordtune is an AI writing assistant that focuses on rewriting content to improve clarity and tone. It’s ideal for professionals who need quick edits and high-quality content creation .

Who is it for?

QuillBot is perfect for students, professional writers, and anyone needing a comprehensive writing solution. It caters to a range of needs, from academic writing to content creation and business communication.

Wordtune is best suited for professionals needing to improve their written communication quickly. It’s ideal for writing emails, social media posts, and other forms of professional writing.

What makes it special?

QuillBot stands out for its comprehensive suite of tools, including a citation generator and a robust plagiarism checker. It’s designed to be an all-in-one writing solution for various writing needs.

Wordtune excels in rewriting content for improved clarity and tone. Its integration with numerous platforms and focus on professional writing make it a unique, streamlined tool for quick content improvement.

What does it do?

QuillBot uses advanced AI algorithms to provide paraphrasing, grammar checking, plagiarism detection, and more. Users can simply input their text, and QuillBot will enhance it according to the selected mode or feature.

Wordtune uses AI technology to rewrite sentences and paragraphs, enhancing readability and tone. It integrates with various platforms, such as Google Docs and Chrome, making it convenient for users to edit their content on multiple devices.

Quick Comparison: QuillBot vs Wordtune

Feature Comparison: QuillBot vs Wordtune

Let’s compare the features of these AI writing and paraphrasing tools so you can make the right decision for your business.

#1) Pricing

QuillBot offers its premium version, which starts at $19.95 per month when billed monthly. This pricing plan accommodates a range of features, including full-sentence thesaurus access, multiple modes, and an increased summarizing limit, making it suitable for heavy-duty writing needs.

On the other hand, Wordtune’s Advanced plan begins at a slightly lower price point of $13.99 per month when also billed monthly. This plan is particularly attractive if you want refined language tools that enhance readability and engagement without breaking the bank.

When comparing the two, Wordtune’s pricing offers a more cost-effective solution for those who need sophisticated editing tools but do not require the extensive features that QuillBot provides. For users who rely heavily on paraphrasing and summarizing large volumes of text, QuillBot’s higher price is worth it for its broader range of features.

Verdict: For cost-effectiveness, Wordtune is the better choice for those prioritizing advanced language refinement over broader paraphrasing tools.

#2) Free Plan

QuillBot’s free plan is a great starting point. It gives you access to basic paraphrasing modes, a summarizer, and even a grammar checker. However, the number of words you can process is limited, and some advanced features are locked behind the premium paywall.

On the other hand, Wordtune’s limited free version is quite limited. While you can experiment with the rewriting feature, the number of rewrites is capped, and you won’t have access to the tone adjustments or more sophisticated vocabulary suggestions.

When it comes to the free versions, QuillBot is the clear winner. It offers a wider range of features and higher usage limits, making it a more valuable tool for those who want to explore AI writing assistance without committing to a subscription.

Verdict: For those seeking a comprehensive free AI writing tool, QuillBot is the way to go.

#3) Design & Functionality

QuillBot’s interface is clean, intuitive, and easy to navigate. Its various features are clearly organized, making finding the tools you need simple. The writing area is spacious, and the paraphrasing options are readily accessible. Overall, it provides a smooth and user-friendly experience.

Wordtune takes a different approach with a more minimalist design. It integrates seamlessly with your web browser and other writing platforms, providing suggestions and rewrites directly in your text. While this approach offers convenience, some find it less visually appealing or prefer a more centralized interface.

Regarding design and functionality, it really comes down to personal preference. If you prefer a clean, all-in-one interface with all the tools at your fingertips, QuillBot is more appealing. However, if you value a minimalist approach that integrates with your existing workflows , Wordtune is the better fit.

Verdict: QuillBot takes the lead for those who prefer a comprehensive, visually organized interface. If seamless integration and a minimalist design are your priorities, Wordtune is the way to go.

#4) Paraphrasing Tool

QuillBot’s comprehensive paraphrasing tool offers seven different modes to rephrase your text. This versatility allows for a variety of stylistic changes and even adjustments to sentence length. If you need to generate multiple versions of a sentence or paragraph quickly, QuillBot can be your go-to tool.   

Wordtune’s paraphrasing capabilities are more nuanced. Rather than simply swapping out synonyms, it focuses on understanding the context of your writing and suggesting alternative phrasing that maintains the original meaning while enhancing clarity and readability. This approach often results in more natural-sounding and sophisticated rewrites.

While QuillBot offers more variety in its paraphrasing modes, Wordtune delivers high-quality, contextually accurate rewrites. If you prioritize the quality and naturalness of your paraphrased text, Wordtune’s approach will likely impress you.

Verdict: For those seeking the most polished and sophisticated paraphrasing results, Wordtune is the preferred option.

#5) Tone Adjustment

While QuillBot doesn’t have a one-click tone adjustment feature like Wordtune, it offers something even more versatile. Its seven paraphrasing modes – Standard, Fluency, Creative, Formal, Shorten, Expand, and Simple –  allow you to fine-tune the tone of your writing to a greater degree. Whether you need a casual tone for a blog post or a formal tone for a professional email, QuillBot can help you achieve it.   

Wordtune, on the other hand, provides a more limited approach to tone adjustment. It offers two specific tone options: Casual and Formal. While this is useful for quick adjustments, it lacks the flexibility and nuance of QuillBot’s multiple paraphrasing modes.   

If you need a wide range of tone options and the ability to fine-tune your writing style, QuillBot’s multiple paraphrasing modes provide greater control. While Wordtune’s tone adjustment feature is convenient, it’s less versatile than QuillBot’s approach.

Verdict: If adjusting the tone of your writing is important to you, Wordtune is the better choice.

#6) Browser Extensions

QuillBot offers a browser extension that integrates directly into your web browsing experience, making it incredibly convenient for you to paraphrase and enhance writing directly on the web. This extension supports multiple platforms like Google Docs, Gmail, and social media sites , ensuring that you can improve your writing almost anywhere online.

Similarly, Wordtune’s browser extension enhances your writing process by providing real-time suggestions within the context of your writing on websites and applications. It’s particularly effective in refining the tone and style of sentences, making your online communications more polished and professional.

Both extensions offer robust functionality, but QuillBot’s is slightly more appealing if you’re looking for a tool that covers a wide range of text transformation needs, from simplification to creative rewriting. Wordtune, however, is ideal if your focus is more on fine-tuning the nuances of your language.

Verdict: QuillBot ‘s browser extension stands out for its extensive paraphrasing capabilities across various platforms. For those who prioritize enhancing the subtlety and precision of their language, Wordtune’s extension will be incredibly beneficial.

#7) Additional Tools

QuillBot offers a robust suite of tools beyond paraphrasing. Its AI checker corrects grammatical errors and polishes your writing, the summarizer distills lengthy texts into concise summaries, and the Co-Writer feature even assists in idea generation and sentence completion. These additional features cater to a wide range of writing needs, making it a versatile tool for various tasks.   

Wordtune’s primary focus is on refining your writing style and vocabulary. While it doesn’t offer grammar checks or summarization, its “Spices” feature allows you to enhance your text with interesting additions like statistics, historical facts, or even jokes. This can add a unique touch to your writing, but it’s a more specialized feature than QuillBot’s comprehensive toolkit. 

If you’re looking for a comprehensive writing assistant with a range of tools to enhance your writing in various ways, QuillBot is the clear winner. Its grammar checker, summarizer, and Co-Writer offer a level of versatility that Wordtune can’t match. However, if you’re mainly focused on refining your writing style and adding a bit of personality to your text, Wordtune’s Spices feature could be a valuable asset.

Verdict: QuillBot is the better choice for writers who seek a versatile tool with a wide range of features.

#8) Real-Time Suggestions

QuillBot does not offer real-time suggestions as you type. Instead, you input your text into the editor and then choose which feature to apply (paraphrasing, grammar check, etc.). The results are then displayed, allowing you to compare and select the best option.

Wordtune, on the other hand, excels in this area. Its browser extension provides real-time suggestions as you write on various platforms like Google Docs, Gmail, and social media. This feature can be beneficial for catching errors and refining your writing on the fly.

If you prefer real-time feedback and suggestions while you write, Wordtune is the clear winner. Its integration with various platforms makes it convenient to get instant help with your writing. While QuillBot offers a more comprehensive set of tools, its lack of real-time suggestions is not ideal for those who prefer immediate feedback.

Verdict: Wordtune is the better choice for those who value real-time feedback and seamless integration with their writing workflow.

#9) Contextual Understanding

QuillBot’s paraphrasing and rewriting often prioritize replacing words and phrases with synonyms, sometimes leading to results that may not fully align with the original context. While it generally captures the overall meaning, it can occasionally produce sentences that feel slightly off or awkward.

Wordtune, however, excels in understanding the nuances and context of your writing. Its suggestions often feel more natural and in line with the original intent. This is likely due to its focus on sentence-level rewriting and its ability to consider the broader context of your text.

If maintaining the original context and ensuring natural-sounding rewrites is a priority, Wordtune takes the lead. Its nuanced understanding of context leads to more accurate and coherent results. While QuillBot offers a wider range of paraphrasing options, it can sometimes fall short of preserving the intended meaning.

Verdict: For those who prioritize accuracy and contextual understanding in their AI writing tool, Wordtune is the preferred choice.

#10) Multiple Language Support

QuillBot boasts impressive multilingual capabilities, allowing you to paraphrase and rephrase text in over 25 languages. This makes it an invaluable tool for individuals and businesses working with content in various languages.   

Wordtune, on the other hand, currently focuses solely on English. While its algorithms for English are sophisticated and nuanced, this limitation makes it less suitable for those working with multilingual content.

If your writing involves multiple languages, QuillBot is the clear winner. Its extensive language support makes it a versatile tool for a global audience. However, if you’re focused solely on English, Wordtune’s specialized algorithms offer a slight edge in quality and nuance. 

Verdict: QuillBot is the better choice for those requiring multilingual capabilities.

#11) AI Assistance

QuillBot’s AI capabilities are more expansive, offering features beyond paraphrasing and grammar checks. Its “Summarizer” can condense lengthy articles into key points, while the “Co-Writer” acts as a brainstorming partner, suggesting sentence completions and helping you generate ideas. These tools can be invaluable for researchers, students, and anyone who needs to process or produce a large volume of writing.   

Wordtune’s AI, while powerful, is primarily focused on rewriting and refining sentences. Its strength lies in providing alternative phrasings, enhancing vocabulary, and adjusting tone. It’s an excellent tool for polishing your writing and finding the perfect words, but it doesn’t offer the same breadth of AI assistance as QuillBot.

If you’re looking for a wider range of AI-powered writing tools, QuillBot is the clear winner. Its Summarizer and Co-Writer offer unique capabilities that can streamline your research and writing process. While Wordtune’s AI is impressive in its own right, it’s more specialized in its focus on sentence-level improvements. 

Verdict: For those who seek a comprehensive AI writing assistant that goes beyond paraphrasing and corrects grammatical errors, QuillBot is the better choice.

Final Thoughts on QuillBot vs Wordtune

After thoroughly examining both QuillBot and Wordtune, I found that both tools have unique strengths. However, for a well-rounded writing companion and better paraphrasing tool, QuillBot emerges as the better choice.

QuillBot’s wider range of features, including its versatile paraphrasing modes, grammar checker, summarizer, and Co-Writer, make it an indispensable tool for anyone looking to streamline their writing process. Whether you’re a student, professional, or content creator, QuillBot offers a comprehensive suite of tools to help you write better, faster, and smarter.

While Wordtune excels in sentence-level rewriting and offers a unique “Spices” feature, it lacks the breadth and depth of QuillBot’s functionality.

QuillBot has consistently proven to be a reliable and valuable asset in my own writing endeavors. Its ability to quickly generate high-quality paraphrases, catch grammar errors, and even assist with idea generation has saved me countless hours and significantly improved my writing.

If you’re looking for a comprehensive, reliable, and versatile AI writing tool that can elevate your writing to the next level, I recommend giving QuillBot a try.

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About Paraphrasing

According to Louisiana State University , Paraphrasing is a technique of rewording content with changed wording, structure, and tone while keeping the main idea. Paraphrasing is done to make a piece of content more fluent, effective, and plagiarism-free. Our free online paraphrasing tool rephrases your content by keeping these things in consideration.

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Paraphrase online is the best paraphrasing tool for students, essay writers and bloggers that can rephrase sentences without changing their original meaning.

Getting the input as per its mode

Once input is pasted, our paraphraser tool will detect its structure according to the mode selected. In Word changer mode, this rewording tool only changes synonyms in the text. It does not rephrase sentences.

Paraphrase online according to the mode

Content will be paraphrased using NLP technology if the Sentence Rephraser (a.k.a. Sentence changer ) mode is selected. For Paraphrase Text mode, paraphrase online will use GPT-3 technology. And for Text Improver mode, it will paraphrase using multiple models.

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After rephrasing is done, our free paraphrasing tool will improve the readability of the content. In the case of Text Improver mode, our tool will also check for grammatical mistakes . It will correct grammatical errors automatically. You don’t need to do extra work for this.

Changing output according to language

Our rephrasing tool revamps the content according to the selected language. It is beneficial in the case, you are required to rephrase the writings of multiple languages. The tool is capable of paraphrasing in nine languages including, EN , ES , TL , ID , DE , BR , FR , IT , VI , TR, RO , and NL .

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Our paraphraser lets you rephrase sentences, paragraphs, essays, and articles in seconds. Our rewording tool makes it easy for users to utilize new words and phrases in their content.

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Students have to write plagiarism-free assignments. With our online paraphraser tool, students can easily paraphrase text to avoid plagiarism. Our tool accurately conveys the original message even after paraphrasing.

With our free paraphrasing tool, teachers can simplify complex texts to make them easier for students. To create study notes, practice problems, and assignment topics, this sentence rephraser can save a lot of time. It provides different ideas on the same topics to help students understand them better.

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Keywords adjustment in already written content is very tough, but with our word changer, you can get different ideas to adjust keywords.  And if a portion of your webpage is plagiarized, our paraphrase tool can help you to make it unique without changing the main context. 

Need to publish a blog quickly? We have your back. With our sentence rephraser and paraphrase text modes, you can create unique and plagiarism-free blogs in minutes. Our free paraphrase online also improves the quality of the text, which helps in good readability.

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We developed this paraphrase generator with Artificial Intelligence to work best for writing purposes. 

Yes, you can use this online paraphraser tool from any device to paraphrase text. 

Yes, the use of our paraphrasing tool is free, you can paraphrase 1000 words in one request on the first two modes.

Because our tool has 6 modes trained with advanced AI models that can rephrase more accurately than a human.

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Use cases of Ahrefs’ Sentence Rewriter Tool

Content editing and enhancement. Ahrefs’ AI Sentence Rewriter Tool can be highly useful for content creators, writers, and editors who want to improve the quality and clarity of their sentences. By inputting sentences into the tool, users can receive rephrased versions that offer enhanced readability, improved flow, and better overall structure. This use case helps in refining written content and ensuring it engages the intended audience effectively.

Social media caption generation. Social media users, influencers, and marketers can leverage Ahrefs’ Sentence Rewriter Tool to create captivating and engaging captions for their posts. By inputting a sentence related to their content, they can receive alternative versions that are optimized for social media platforms, grab attention, and encourage interaction. This use case assists in crafting compelling captions that resonate with the target audience.

Language learning and sentence variation. Language learners and non-native speakers can utilize Ahrefs’ Sentence Rewriter Tool to expand their language skills and improve their sentence construction. By submitting sentences, they can receive alternative versions that demonstrate different grammatical structures, vocabulary choices, and sentence patterns. This use case facilitates language comprehension, provides examples for learning, and helps individuals develop their written and spoken language proficiency.

The technology behind Ahrefs’ Sentence Rewriter Tool

Ahrefs’ Sentence Rewriter Tool uses a language model that learns patterns, grammar, and vocabulary from large amounts of text data – then uses that knowledge to generate human-like text based on a given prompt or input. The generated text combines both the model's learned information and its understanding of the input.

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Discover Frequently Asked Math Questions and Their Answers

• How do you write the quadratic function #y=x^2+14x+11# in vertex form?
• How many points does #y=-2x^2+x-3# have in common with the vertex and where is the vertex in relation to the x axis?
• How do you solve #4x^4 - 16x^2 + 15 = 0#?
• How do you solve #2x^2+3x-2=0#?
• How do you solve #7(x-4)^2-2=54# using any method?
• How do you solve #x^2 + 5x + 6 = 0# algebraically?
• How do you use factoring to solve this equation #3x^2/4=27#?
• What is the vertex of # y = (1/8)(x – 5)^2 - 3#?
• How do you solve #| x^2+3x-2 | =2#?
• How do you solve #2x²+3x=5 # using the quadratic formula?
• How do you find the derivative of #y=tan(3x)# ?
• How do you differentiate #f(x)= 1/ (lnx)# using the quotient rule?
• How do you differentiate #(3+sin(x))/(3x+cos(x))#?
• What is the derivative of this function #sin^-1(x/4)#?
• What is the derivative of this function #y=sin^-1(2x)#?
• What is the derivative of this function #arcsec(x^3)#?
• What is the derivative of #y=sin(tan2x)#?
• How do you differentiate #cos(pi*x^2)#?
• What is the derivative of #f(x)=(x^2-4)ln(x^3/3-4x)#?
• What is the derivative of #y=3sin(x) - sin(3x)#?
• A triangle has corners at #(5 ,1 )#, #(2 ,9 )#, and #(4 ,3 )#. What is the area of the triangle's circumscribed circle?
• How can we find the area of irregular shapes?
• A triangle has vertices A, B, and C. Vertex A has an angle of #pi/2 #, vertex B has an angle of #( pi)/3 #, and the triangle's area is #24 #. What is the area of the triangle's incircle?
• An isosceles triangle has sides A, B, and C with sides B and C being equal in length. If side A goes from #(7 ,1 )# to #(8 ,5 )# and the triangle's area is #27 #, what are the possible coordinates of the triangle's third corner?
• A triangle has corners at #(7 , 9 )#, #(3 ,7 )#, and #(4 ,8 )#. What is the radius of the triangle's inscribed circle?
• Circle A has a center at #(2 ,3 )# and a radius of #1 #. Circle B has a center at #(0 ,-2 )# and a radius of #4 #. Do the circles overlap? If not, what is the smallest distance between them?
• A parallelogram has sides A, B, C, and D. Sides A and B have a length of #2 # and sides C and D have a length of # 7 #. If the angle between sides A and C is #pi/4 #, what is the area of the parallelogram?
• What is a quadrilateral that is not a parallelogram and not a trapezoid?
• Your teacher made 8 triangles he need help to identify what type triangles they are. Help him?: 1) #12, 16, 20# 2) #15, 17, 22# 3) #6, 16, 26# 4) #12, 12, 15# 5) #5,12,13# 6) #7,24,25# 7) #8,15,17# 8) #9,40,41#
• A triangle has corners A, B, and C located at #(3 ,5 )#, #(2 ,9 )#, and #(4 , 8 )#, respectively. What are the endpoints and length of the altitude going through corner C?
• What is the GCF of the set #64, 16n^2, 32n#?
• How do you write the reciprocal number of 5?
• Jeanie has a 3/4 yard piece of ribbon. She needs one 3/8 yard piece and one 1/2 yard piece. Can she cut the piece of ribbon into the two smaller pieces? Why?
• How do you find the GCF of #25k, 35j#?
• How do you write 132/100 in a mixed number?
• How do you evaluate the power #2^3#?
• How do you simplify #(4^6)^2 #?
• How do you convert 3.2 tons to pounds?
• How do you solve #\frac { 5} { 8} + \frac { 3} { 2} ( 4- \frac { 1} { 4} ) - \frac { 1} { 8}#?
• What are some acronyms for PEMDAS?
• How do you find all the asymptotes for function #y=(3x^2+2x-1)/(x^2-4 )#?
• How do you determine whether the graph of #y^2+3x=0# is symmetric with respect to the x axis, y axis or neither?
• How do you determine whether the graph of #y^2=(4x^2)/9-4# is symmetric with respect to the x axis, y axis, the line y=x or y=-x, or none of these?
• How do you find the end behavior of #-x^3+3x^2+x-3#?
• How do you find the asymptotes for #(2x^2 - x - 38) / (x^2 - 4)#?
• How do you find the asymptotes for #f(x) = (x^2) / (x^2 + 1)#?
• How do you find the vertical, horizontal and slant asymptotes of: #(3x-2) / (x+1)#?
• How do you find the Vertical, Horizontal, and Oblique Asymptote given #s(t)=(8t)/sin(t)#?
• How do you find vertical, horizontal and oblique asymptotes for #(x^3+1)/(x^2+3x)#?
• How do you find vertical, horizontal and oblique asymptotes for #y = (4x^3 + x^2 + x + 5 )/( x^2 + 3x)#?
• What is a pooled variance?
• What is the mean, mode median and range of 11, 12, 13, 12, 14, 11, 12?
• What is the z-score of sample X, if #n = 81, mu= 43, St. Dev. =90, and E[X] =57#?
• The camera club has five members, and the mathematics club has eight. There is only one member common to both clubs. In how many ways could a committee of four people be formed with at least one member from each club?
• How many permutations are there of the letter in the word baseball?
• How do you evaluate 6p4?
• What is the probability of #X= 6# successes, using the binomial formula?
• A lottery has a $100 000 first prize, a $25 000 second prize, and five $500 third prizes. A total of 50000 tickets are sold. What is the probability of winning a prize in this lottery?
• When a event is reported, the probability that is a negative event is 30%. What is the probability that 3 out of 5 reported events are negative?
• What is the median of 5, 19, 2, 28, 25?
• How do you solve this trigonometric equation?
• What is the frequency of #f(theta)= sin 3 t - cos2 t #?
• How do you evaluate #Sin(pi/2) + 6 cos(pi/3) #?
• How do you find the values of all six trigonometric functions of a right triangle ABC where C is the right angle, given a=9, b=40, c=41?
• How do you express (5*pi)/4 into degree?
• Solve for θ on the interval [90°,180°]:2tanθ +19 = 0?
• Prove that #((cos(33^@))^2-(cos(57^@))^2)/((sin(10.5^@))^2-(sin(34.5^@))^2)= -sqrt2# ?
• A triangle has sides A, B, and C. The angle between sides A and B is #(pi)/3# and the angle between sides B and C is #pi/6#. If side B has a length of 26, what is the area of the triangle?
• How do you write the following in trigonometric form and perform the operation given #(sqrt3+i)(1+i)#?
• A triangle has sides A, B, and C. The angle between sides A and B is #(2pi)/3#. If side C has a length of #32 # and the angle between sides B and C is #pi/12#, what is the length of side A?

Trust HIX Tutor’s Math AI for Reliable Math Solutions

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Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Consumer Conventional Cooking Products

A Rule by the Energy Department on 08/12/2024

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• Document Details Published Content - Document Details Agency Department of Energy Agency/Docket Number EERE-2014-BT-STD-0005 CFR 10 CFR 430 Document Citation 89 FR 65520 Document Number 2024-17474 Document Type Rule Pages 65520-65534 (15 pages) Publication Date 08/12/2024 RIN 1904-AF57 Published Content - Document Details
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• Document Dates Published Content - Document Dates Effective Date 06/13/2024 Dates Text The effective date of June 13, 2024, for the direct final rule published on February 14, 2024 ( 89 FR 11434 ) is confirmed. Compliance with the standards established in the direct final rule will be required on January 31, 2028. Published Content - Document Dates

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Supplementary information:, table of contents, i. authority, ii. consumer conventional cooking products direct final rule, a. background, iii. comments on the direct final rule, a. general comments, b. anti-backsliding, c. economic justification, d. significant conservation of energy, e. unavailability of performance characteristics, f. stakeholder representation, g. responses to previous stakeholder comments, h. formal rulemaking, i. other legal concerns, iv. impact of any lessening of competition, v. conclusion, signing authority.

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Department of Energy

• 10 CFR Part 430
• [EERE-2014-BT-STD-0005]
• RIN 1904-AF57

Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of Energy.

Direct final rule; confirmation of effective and compliance dates.

The U.S. Department of Energy (“DOE”) published a direct final rule to establish new and amended energy conservation standards for consumer conventional cooking products in the Federal Register on February 14, 2024. DOE has determined that the comments received in response to the direct final rule do not provide a reasonable basis for withdrawing the direct final rule. Therefore, DOE provides this document confirming the effective and compliance dates of those standards.

The effective date of June 13, 2024, for the direct final rule published on February 14, 2024 ( 89 FR 11434 ) is confirmed. Compliance with the standards established in the direct final rule will be required on January 31, 2028.

The docket for this rulemaking, which includes Federal Register notices, public meeting attendee lists and transcripts, comments, and other supporting documents/materials, is available for review at www.regulations.gov . All documents in the docket are listed in the www.regulations.gov index. However, not all documents listed in the index may be publicly available, such as information that is exempt from public disclosure.

The docket web page can be found at www.regulations.gov/​docket/​EERE-2014-BT-STD-0005 . The docket web page contains instructions on how to access all documents, including public comments, in the docket.

For further information on how to submit a comment or review other public comments and the docket, contact the Appliance and Equipment Standards Program staff at (202) 287-1445 or by email: [email protected] .

Dr. Carl Shapiro, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Building Technologies Office, EE-5B, 1000 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20585-0121. Telephone: (202) 287-5649. Email: [email protected] .

Mr. Pete Cochran, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of the General Counsel, GC-33, 1000 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20585-0121. Telephone: (202) 586-4798. Email: Peter [email protected] .

The Energy Policy and Conservation Act, Public Law 94-163, as amended (“EPCA”), [ 1 ] authorizes DOE to issue a direct final rule establishing an energy conservation standard for a product on receipt of a statement submitted jointly by interested persons that are fairly representative of relevant points of view (including representatives of manufacturers of covered products, States, and efficiency advocates), as determined by the Secretary of Energy (“Secretary”), that contains recommendations with respect to an energy or water conservation standard that are in accordance with the provisions of 42 U.S.C. 6295(o) or 42 U.S.C. 6313(a)(6)(B) , as applicable. ( 42 U.S.C. 6295(p)(4) )

The direct final rule must be published simultaneously with a notice of proposed rulemaking (“NOPR”) that proposes an energy or water conservation standard that is identical to the standard established in the direct final rule, and DOE must provide a public comment period of at least 110 days on this proposal. ( 42 U.S.C. 6295(p)(4)(A)-(B) ) Not later than 120 days after issuance of the direct final rule, DOE shall withdraw the direct final rule if: (1) DOE receives one or more adverse public comments relating to the direct final rule or any alternative joint recommendation; and (2) based on the rulemaking record relating to the direct final rule, DOE determines that such adverse public comments or alternative joint recommendation may provide a reasonable basis for withdrawing the direct final rule. ( 42 U.S.C. 6295(p)(4)(C) ) If DOE makes such a determination, DOE must proceed with the NOPR published simultaneously with the direct final rule and publish in the Federal Register the reasons why the direct final rule was withdrawn. ( Id. )

After review of comments received, DOE has determined that it did receive adverse comments on the direct final rule. However, based on the rulemaking record, the comments did not provide a reasonable basis for withdrawing the direct final rule under the provisions in 42 U.S.C. 6295(p)(4)(C) . As such, DOE did not withdraw this direct final rule and the DFR remains effective. Although not required under EPCA, where DOE does not withdraw a direct final rule, DOE typically publishes a summary of the comments received during the 110-day comment period and its responses to those comments. This document contains such a summary, as well as DOE's responses to the comments.

The National Appliance Energy Conservation Act of 1987 (“NAECA”), Public Law 100-12, amended EPCA to establish prescriptive standards for gas cooking products, requiring gas ranges and ovens with an electrical supply cord that are manufactured on or after January 1, 1990, not to be equipped with a constant burning pilot light. ( 42 U.S.C. 6295(h)(1) ) NAECA also directed DOE to conduct two cycles of rulemakings to determine if more stringent or additional standards were justified for kitchen ranges and ovens. ( 42 U.S.C. 6295(h)(2) )

DOE undertook the first cycle of these rulemakings and published a final rule on September 8, 1998 (“September 1998 Final Rule”), which found that no standards were justified for conventional electric cooking products at that time. 63 FR 48038 . In addition, partially due to the difficulty of conclusively demonstrating at that time that elimination of standing pilot lights for gas cooking products without an electrical supply cord was economically justified, DOE did not include amended standards for conventional gas cooking products in the September 1998 Final Rule. 63 FR 48038 , 48039-48040 .

For the second cycle of rulemakings, DOE published a final rule on April 8, 2009 (“April 2009 Final Rule”) amending the energy conservation standards for consumer conventional cooking products to prohibit constant burning pilot lights for all gas cooking products ( i.e., gas cooking products with or without an electrical supply cord) manufactured on or after April 9, 2012. 74 FR 16040 , 16085 . The prescriptive standards established by the April 2009 Final Rule remain applicable currently.

On August 22, 2022, DOE published a final rule establishing a test procedure for conventional cooking tops, at 10 CFR part 430, subpart B, appendix I 1, “Uniform Test Method for the Measuring the Energy Consumption of Conventional Cooking Products.” On February 1, 2023, DOE published a supplementary NOPR (“February 2023 SNOPR”) proposing to establish new and amended standards for consumer conventional cooking products, consisting of design requirements for conventional ovens and a maximum integrated annual energy consumer (“IAEC”) levels for electric and gas cooking tops, as measured according to the newly established appendix I1 test procedure and expressed in kilowatt-hours (“kWh”) per year for electric cooking tops and kilo-British thermal units (“kBtu”) per year for gas cooking tops. 88 FR 6818 . On February 28, 2023, DOE published a notification of data availability (“NODA”) providing additional information to clarify the February 2023 SNOPR analysis for gas cooking tops. 88 FR 12603 . On August 2, 2023, DOE published a second NODA updating its analysis for conventional gas cooking tops based on the stakeholder data it received in response to the February 2023 SNOPR. 88 FR 50810 .

On September 25, 2023, DOE received a joint statement (“Joint Agreement”) recommending standards for consumer conventional cooking products that was submitted by groups representing manufacturers, energy and environmental advocates, consumer groups, and a utility. [ 2 ] In addition to the recommended standards for consumer conventional cooking products, the Joint Agreement also included separate recommendations for several other covered products. [ 3 ] The Joint Agreement recommended amended standard levels for consumer conventional cooking products are presented in Table II.1. Details of the Joint Agreement recommendations for other products are provided in the Joint Agreement posted in the docket for this rulemaking. [ 4 ]

Table II.1—Recommended New and Amended Energy Conservation Standards for Consumer Conventional Cooking Products

Product class Standard level Compliance date Electric Coil No standard January 31, 2028. Propose new class: Electric smooth Cooktop * 207 Propose new Class: Electric smooth range * 207 Propose new class: Gas cooktop * 1,770 Propose new class: Gas range * 1,770 Ovens (Electric and Gas) * Electric: Baseline + SMPS Gas: Baseline + SMPS * Excludes portable cooking products.

After carefully considering the recommended energy conservation standards for consumer conventional cooking products in the Joint Agreement, DOE determined that these recommendations were in accordance with the statutory requirements of 42 U.S.C. 6295(p)(4) for the issuance of a direct final rule and published a direct final rule on February 14, 2024 (“February 2024 Direct Final Rule”). 89 FR 11434 . DOE evaluated whether the Joint Agreement satisfies 42 U.S.C. 6295(o) , as applicable, and found that the recommended standard levels would result in significant energy savings and are technologically feasible and economically justified. Id. at 89 FR 11534-11540 . Accordingly, DOE adopted the consensus-recommended efficiency levels for consumer conventional cooking products as the new and amended standard levels in the February 2024 Direct Final Rule. Id.

The standards adopted in the February 2024 Direct Final Rule apply to product classes listed in Table II.2 and Table II.3 and that are manufactured in, or imported into, the United States starting on January 31, 2028. The February 2024 Direct Final Rule provides a detailed discussion of DOE's analysis of the benefits and burdens of the new and amended standards pursuant to the criteria set forth in EPCA. Id. at 89 FR 11535-11540 .

Table II.2—New and Amended Energy Conservation Standards for Conventional Cooking Tops

[Compliance Starting January 31, 2028]

Product class Maximum integrated annual energy consumption (IAEC) Electric Open (Coil) Element Cooking Tops No Standard Electric Smooth Element Standalone Cooking Tops 207 Electric Smooth Element Cooking Top Component of a Combined Cooking Product 207 Gas Standalone Cooking Tops 1,770 Gas Cooking Top Component of a Combined Cooking Product 1,770

Table II.3—New and Amended Prescriptive Energy Conservation Standards for Conventional Ovens

[Compliance Starting January 31, 2028]

Product class Maximum integrated annual energy consumption (IAEC) Electric Ovens Shall not be equipped with a control system that uses a linear power supply. Gas Ovens The control system for gas ovens shall: (1) Not be equipped with a constant burning pilot light; and (2) Not be equipped with a linear power supply.

As required by EPCA, DOE also simultaneously published a NOPR proposing the identical standard levels contained in the February 2024 Direct Final Rule. 89 FR 11548 . DOE considered whether any adverse comment received during the 110-day comment period following the publication of the February 2024 Direct Final Rule provided a reasonable basis for withdrawal of the direct final rule under the provisions in 42 U.S.C. 6295(p)(4)(C) .

As discussed in section I of this document, not later than 120 days after publication of a direct final rule, DOE shall withdraw the direct final rule if: (1) DOE receives one or more adverse public comments relating to the direct final rule or any alternative joint recommendation; and (2) based on the rulemaking record relating to the direct final rule, DOE determines that such adverse public comments or alternative joint recommendation may provide a reasonable basis for withdrawing the direct final rule. ( 42 U.S.C. 6295(p)(4)(C)(i) )

DOE received comments in response to the February 2024 Direct Final Rule from the interested parties listed in Table III.1.

Table III.1—List of Commenters With Written Submissions in Response to the February 2024 Direct Final Rule

Commenter(s)	Abbreviation	Comment No. in the docket *	Commenter type
The Attorneys General of the States of Nebraska, Florida, Tennessee, Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, New Hampshire, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia	AGs of NE	12838	State Government Officials.
The Attorneys General of the States of Utah and Montana	AGs of UT and MT	12841	State Government Officials.
Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers	AHAM	12845	Trade Association.
Antonin Scalia Law School Administrative Law Clinic	ALC	12834	Law School.
American Public Gas Association	APGA	12839, 12840	Trade Association.
WhoPoo App	App	12823	Individual.
Appliance Standards Awareness Project, American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy, Consumer Federation of America, Consumer Reports, Earthjustice, National Consumer Law Center, Natural Resources Defense Council, Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance, and Pacific Gas and Electric Company	ASAP	12842	Advocacy Organizations.
Arub Butt	Butt	12837	Individual.
Competitive Enterprise Institute	CEI	12844	Advocacy Organization.
Consumer Federation of America, Consumer Reports, Green Energy Consumers Alliance, Green & Healthy Homes Initiative, National Consumer Law Center, Philadelphia Solar Energy Association, and U.S. PIRG	CFA	12843	Advocacy Organizations.
National Propane Gas Association	NPGA	12835, 12836	Trade Association.
Michael Ravnitzky	Ravnitzky	12826	Individual.
Representative Stephanie Bice	Rep. Bice	12831	Federal Government Official.
Rea Shimada	Shimada	12829	Individual.
* DOE also received four comments from individuals wishing to remain anonymous (No. 12827, 12828, 12830, and 12833).

A parenthetical reference at the end of a comment quotation or paraphrase provides the location of the item in the public record. [ 9 ] The following sections discuss the substantive comments DOE received on the February 2024 Direct Final Rule as well as DOE's determination that the comments do not provide a reasonable basis for withdrawal of the direct final rule.

DOE received comments from individual commenters who expressed support for the standards promulgated in the February 2024 Direct Final Rule. (Ravnitzky, No. 12826 at p. 1; Anonymous, No. 12827 at p. 1; Anonymous, No. 12828 at p. 1; Shimada, No. 12829 at p. 1; Anonymous, No. 12830 at p. 1; Anonymous, No. 12833 at p. 1)

Butt commented that the new and amended standards represent a critical step forward in advancing energy efficiency and environmental sustainability. (Butt, No. 12837 at p. 10)

AHAM supported the February 2024 Direct Final Rule for consumer conventional cooking products because it establishes standards that are consistent with recommendations submitted in the Joint Agreement. (AHAM, No. 12845 at pp. 1-2) ASAP et al. strongly supported the standards in the February 2024 Direct Final Rule, as they reflect the recommendation in the Joint Agreement submitted to DOE in September 2023 in conjunction with AHAM. (ASAP et al., No. 12842 at pp. 1-2)

NPGA also commented in support of the Joint Agreement that led to the February 2024 Direct Final Rule and commended the parties for their efforts to achieve it. (NPGA, No. 12835 at p. 2) APGA commented that it is pleased the rulemaking ensures that consumers can continue to have access to the vast majority of gas-fired cooking products currently available on the market today. APGA also urged DOE to not use this rulemaking as precedent for future energy conservation standards rulemakings, as APGA had a few concerns regarding the underlying analysis. (APGA, No. 12839 at p. 2)

CFA et al. strongly supported the February 2024 Direct Final Rule, which it noted is one of many completed and pending efficiency standards that will together significantly reduce consumer costs and climate pollution, as well as reduce emissions of methane and nitrogen oxides, which cause health issues. (CFA et al., No. 12843 at pp. 1-2)

Rep. Bice submitted a comment in opposition to the standards as recommended by the Joint Agreement and adopted in the February 2024 Direct Final Rule. (Rep. Bice, No. 12831 at p. 1)

ALC opposed the new and amended standards on the basis that the standards represent an aggressive Federal effort to micromanage the lives of Americans and that DOE lacks the constitutional and statutory authority to do so. (ALC, No. 12834 at pp. 1-2)

The AGs of NE et al. asserted that the February 2024 Direct Final Rule over-regulates American kitchens and requested that DOE reconsider it. (AGs of NE et al., No. 12838 at p. 1) The AGs of UT and MT expressed agreement with the AGs of NE et al.' s comments. (AGs of UT and MT, No. 12841 at p. 1)

CEI opposed the February 2024 Direct Final Rule and stated that it should be withdrawn. (CEI, No. 12844 at p. 1)

Butt listed several alternative approaches to energy conservation that might ease the burden on manufacturers and consumers while fulfilling DOE's emission reduction goals. (Butt, No. 12837 at pp. 3, 5-6, 9-10)

As required by Executive Order (“E.O.”) 12866, as amended by E.O. 14094 , DOE conducted a regulatory impact analysis (“RIA”) to identify major alternatives to standards that represent feasible policy options to reduce energy consumption of consumer conventional cooking products. 89 FR 11502 . Notwithstanding the requirements of E.O. 12866 , as discussed, DOE is required by EPCA to establish or amend standards for consumer conventional cooking products that are designed to achieve the maximum improvement in energy efficiency that the Secretary determines is technologically feasible and economically justified. ( 42 U.S.C. 6295(o)(2)(A) )

EPCA, as codified, contains what is known as an “anti-backsliding” provision, which prevents the Secretary from prescribing any amended standard that either increases the maximum allowable energy use or decreases the minimum required energy efficiency of a covered product. ( 42 U.S.C. 6295(o)(1) )

The AGs of UT and MT commented that the fact the Joint Agreement is contingent upon other parts being implemented conflicts with the anti-backsliding provision of EPCA.

DOE addressed this issue in the February 2024 Direct Final Rule. As discussed there, the Joint Agreement was contingent upon DOE initiating rulemaking processes to adopt all of the recommended standards. In other words, DOE could not pick and choose which recommendations in the Joint Agreement to implement. See 89 FR 11434 , 11444 . As described, DOE's adoption of the recommended standards conforms with the anti-backsliding provision in 42 U.S.C. 6295(o)(1) . The AGs of UT and MT stated that DOE must consider energy efficiency over the entire product lifecycle. The AGs of UT and MT agreed with DOE's statement that conscientious energy use is more complicated than increasing efficiency alone, and they attached documents with quotes from DOE officials testifying to this sentiment. The AGs of UT and MT commented that DOE's use of a single lifespan in its analysis for this rulemaking was in error, and given its statements about the energy consumed in raw materials, manufacturing, etc., its efficiency standards may violate anti-backsliding prohibitions in EPCA when shorter lifespans are considered, especially if the full fuel cycle (“FFC”) costs of short lifespans are accounted for. (AGs of UT and MT, No. 12841 at pp. 2-3)

As discussed previously, DOE may not prescribe an amended standard that increases the maximum allowable energy use or decreases the energy efficiency of a covered product. Further, EPCA defines the term “energy use” to mean the quantity of energy directly consumed by a consumer product at point of use, determined in accordance with test procedures under 42 U.S.C. 6293 . ( 42 U.S.C. 6291(4) ) EPCA similarly defines “energy efficiency” to mean the ratio of the useful output of services from a consumer product to the energy use [as that term is defined] of such product, determined in accordance with test procedures under 42 U.S.C. 6293 . ( 42 U.S.C. 6291(5) ) Neither the energy use nor the energy efficiency of a product, as those terms are defined in EPCA, is dependent upon the lifespan of the product. As a result, product lifespan has no effect on whether an amended standard violates the anti-backsliding provision in 42 U.S.C. 6295(o)(1) .

As product lifespan does not affect energy use or energy efficiency as defined in EPCA, DOE has determined that the comment provided by the AGs of UT and MT does not provide a reasonable basis for withdrawal of the February 2024 Direct Final Rule.

DOE must follow specific statutory criteria for prescribing new or amended standards for covered products, including consumer conventional cooking products. Any new or amended standard for a covered product must be designed to achieve the maximum improvement in energy efficiency that the Secretary determines is technologically feasible and economically justified. ( 42 U.S.C. 6295(o)(2)(A) ) In deciding whether a proposed standard is economically justified, DOE must determine whether the benefits of the standard exceed its burdens. ( 42 U.S.C. 6295(o)(2)(B)(i) ) DOE must make this determination after receiving comments on the proposed standard, and by considering, to the greatest extent practicable, the following seven statutory factors:

(1) The economic impact of the standard on manufacturers and consumers of the products subject to the standard;

(2) The savings in operating costs throughout the estimated average life of the covered products in the type (or class) compared to any increase in the price, initial charges, or maintenance expenses for the covered products that are likely to result from the standard;

(3) The total projected amount of energy (or as applicable, water) savings likely to result directly from the standard;

(4) Any lessening of the utility or the performance of the covered products likely to result from the standard;

(5) The impact of any lessening of competition, as determined in writing by the Attorney General, that is likely to result from the standard;

(6) The need for national energy and water conservation; and

(7) Other factors the Secretary considers relevant.

( 42 U.S.C. 6295(o)(2)(B)(i)(I)-(VII) )

DOE received several comments on its determination of economic justification under the statutory criteria.

Butt commented with a list of various manufacturer and consumer impacts that the commenter asserted were not accounted for in the February 2024 Direct Final Rule, including: price increases and potential demand decreases, necessity and increased cost of technological innovation, reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, potential need for production and product offering adjustments, changes in market competition, higher up-front costs for energy-efficient consumer cooking products with the tradeoff of energy savings along with food and cooking quality difference between gas and electric. (Butt, No. 12837 at pp. 8-9)

Contrary to the commenter's assertion, DOE affirms that the February 2024 Direct Final Rule accounted for the commenter's listed impacts in its consideration of the seven statutory criteria as required by EPCA. See section V.C of the February 2024 Direct Final Rule for a full discussion of the benefits and burdens of the adopted standards. 89 FR 11434 , 11535-11540 .

Rep. Bice asserted that increased standards will lead to increased production costs for manufacturers, which will subsequently lead to increased costs to consumers. Rep. Bice added that the adopted standards will limit consumer choice, drive up prices, and impose onerous regulations on American manufacturers, many of whom are small businesses. (Rep. Bice, No. 12831 at p. 1)

The AGs of NE et al. commented that while they acknowledge that DOE has reduced the stringency as compared to the previously proposed standards, the February 2024 Direct Final Rule does not weigh heavily enough the appliance cost increase that the rule will cause and that will be borne by American consumers. (AGs of NE et al., No. 12838 at p. 1)

Butt commented that DOE's regulatory efforts may inadvertently lead to sectoral overregulation, wherein certain industries face disproportionate regulatory burdens. By focusing on specific sectors, DOE runs the risk of imposing excessive regulatory requirements that could stifle innovation, hinder economic growth, and impede market competitiveness. (Butt, No. 12837 at p. 2)

In addition, Butt commented that the fraction of consumers encountering a net life-cycle cost (“LCC”) is minimal, underscoring the equitable distribution of economic benefits. However, Butt also questioned the fairness of the rule given what the commenter characterized as a disparate impact on low-income households and households of color. (Id. at pp. 6-8)

DOE disagrees with the commenters' assessment of the impact of the adopted standard in the February 2024 Direct Final Rule. DOE considered the impacts to manufacturers, including cumulative regulatory burden and the potential increase in manufacturing costs, in the manufacturing impact analysis in the February 2024 Direct Final Rule. 89 FR 11434 , 11489-11492 , 11514-11522 . At the adopted standard, DOE projects that 77 percent of electric smooth element cooking tops, 97 percent of gas cooking tops, 95 percent of electric ovens, and 96 percent of gas ovens will already meet or exceed the standards by the first year of compliance and, hence, will not lead to significantly increased production costs for manufacturers. Id. at 89 FR 11538 . In the February 2024 Direct Final Rule, the LCC analysis calculated the distribution of impacts across a nationally representative sample of US households. As demonstrated by the LCC analysis, at the adopted standard, the LCC savings for all consumer conventional cooking product consumers is positive. The fraction of consumers experiencing a net LCC cost is 0 percent for electric smooth element cooking top product classes, 1 percent for gas cooking top product classes, 0 percent for electric ovens, and 0 percent for gas ovens. Id.

AHAM stated given the finalized standards levels and the fact that compliance timelines for cooking standards are no longer on the same timeline as several other products AHAM members make, cumulative regulatory burden is significantly reduced. AHAM further stated that cost burdens to manufacturers, and ultimately consumers, have been mitigated. (AHAM, No. 12845 at pp. 1-2)

AHAM commented that the recommended standards are economically justified as required by 42 U.S.C. 6295(o)(2)(B)(i)(I) and will not result in lessening of utility, reliability, performance or availability of the cooking products considered under 42 U.S.C. 6295(o)(2)(B)(i)(IV) . AHAM commented that under the standards adopted in the February 2024 Direct Final Rule, less than 1 percent of consumers will experience a net cost overall, and the percentage of consumers experiencing a net cost due to standards for gas products decreased compared to the previously proposed standards. In addition, AHAM noted that manufacturer costs to comply with the final standard are less under the February 2024 Direct Final Rule than under the previously proposed standards. ( Id. at p. 6-8)

CFA et al. commented that the standards adopted in the February 2024 Direct Final Rule will ensure that all new electric smooth element cooking top models use at least 17 percent less energy annually than the lowest-performing models sold today, and that 0 percent of low-income consumers will incur a net cost with the standards for electric smooth element cooking tops. CFA et al. further commented that the cost to manufacturers to improve the efficiency of electric and gas cooking tops and ovens to meet the new standards will be less than $3 for each of the product types. (CFA et al., No. 12843 at p. 1)

The February 2024 Direct Final Rule did consider the economic impact of the standard on the manufacturers and on the consumers of the products subject to such standard ( 42 U.S.C. 4296(o)(2)(B)(i)(I) ), and DOE has determined that the comments provided by Butt, the AGs of NE et al., and Rep. Bice do not provide a reasonable basis for withdrawal of the February 2024 Direct Final Rule.

The AGs of UT and MT stated that DOE's reliance on 2022 data for energy prices and AEO2023 for pricing trends is faulty due to Federal rulemakings being issued that will force existing generating capacity offline, spike electricity demand, and decrease fossil fuel supply, as illustrated with several documents attached to the comment. (AGs of UT and MT, No. 12841 at p. 4)

DOE contends that AEO2023 remains the best available source for projections of future energy price trends based on adopted energy policies. DOE also performed sensitivity analyses using alternate AEO2023 growth scenarios with low and high energy prices relative to the reference scenario in the February 2024 Direct Final Rule to assess the impact of alternative energy price projections. 89 FR 11434 , 11477 . The results of these scenarios are available in appendix 8E of the February 2024 Direct Final Rule TSD and show that consumers of consumer conventional cooking products would still experience positive LCC savings even when considering lower and higher energy prices.

Therefore, the February 2024 Direct Final Rule did take into account energy price variability in its analysis, and DOE has determined that the comment provided by the AGs of UT and MT does not provide a reasonable basis for withdrawal of the February 2024 Direct Final Rule.

The AGs of UT and MT stated that DOE acknowledges but disregards consumer preference and assumes consumers are ignorant. The AGs of UT and MT stated that DOE ignores the cost of transitioning to a different energy source. The AGs of UT and MT attached studies demonstrating consumer preference for product lifetime over energy consumption, and the AGs of UT and MT commented that these longer-life appliances may use less energy over the entire life cycle and be a lower cost to the consumer, yet DOE did not address those issues. (AGs of UT and MT, No. 12841 at p. 2)

DOE did not disregard consumer preference but rather noted in the February 2024 Direct Final Rule that the economics literature provides a wide-ranging discussion of how consumers trade off up-front costs and energy savings in the absence of government intervention. 89 FR 11434 , 11534 . Much of this literature attempts to explain why consumers appear to undervalue energy efficiency improvements, as the AGs of UT and MT alleged in their comment. There is evidence that consumers undervalue future energy savings as a result of (1) a lack of information; (2) a lack of sufficient salience of the long-term or aggregate benefits; (3) a lack of sufficient savings to warrant delaying or altering purchases; (4) excessive focus on the short term, in the form of inconsistent weighting of future energy cost savings relative to available returns on other investments; (5) computational or other difficulties associated with the evaluation of relevant trade-offs; and (6) a divergence in incentives (for example, between renters and owners, or builders and purchasers). Id. Having less-than-perfect foresight and a high degree of uncertainty about the future, consumers may trade off these types of investments at a higher-than-expected rate between current consumption and uncertain future energy cost savings. Id.

Potential changes in the benefits and costs associated with a standard due to changes in consumer purchase decisions were included in the analysis for the February 2024 Direct Final Rule in two ways. Id. First, if consumers forgo the purchase of a product in the standards case, as estimated based on price elasticity related to empirical data on appliances, this decreases sales for product manufacturers, and the impact on manufacturers attributed to lost revenue is included in the manufacturer impact analysis. Id. Second, DOE accounts for energy savings attributable only to products actually used by consumers in the standards case; if a standard decreases the number of products purchased by consumers, this decreases the potential energy savings from an energy conservation standard.

Further, the AGs of UT and MT stated that the reliability of products affected by the rulemaking will decrease due to complexity increases, which the commenters asserted is supported by engineering facts illustrated in a document attached to their comment, yet DOE does not address this issue. The AGs of UT and MT also commented that complexity increases will lead to less economic viability of repair, which is not reflected in DOE's assumption that the rulemaking will have no impact on lifespan. The AGs of UT and MT commented that DOE disregards the fact that reliability can be increased by lightening the electrical, mechanical, thermal, and other conditions of operation of the components, which tends to decrease energy efficiency but results in less repair downtime and longer times before replacement and, therefore, decreased costs, as illustrated in attached documents. (AGs of UT and MT, No. 12841 at pp. 3-4)

AHAM commented that the February 2024 Direct Final Rule addresses AHAM's key concerns with the February 2023 SNOPR. AHAM stated that the finalized energy conservation standards levels do not favor electric over gas cooktops and the essential consumer utilities for gas (and electric) cooktops are preserved. (AHAM, No. 12845 at pp. 1-2) AHAM added that the technology options DOE identified for meeting the standard levels in the February 2024 Direct Final Rule are established technologies used in the market today and do not negatively impact product reliability. ( Id. at p. 7) ASAP et al. commented that they did not expect the standards in the February 2024 Direct Final Rule to have any impact on product reliability because the amended standards can be met with simple design changes that have already been incorporated in many models on the market today. (ASAP et al., No. 12842 at p. 2)

In contrast to the comment from the AGs of UT and MT and as noted in the February 2024 Direct Final Rule, DOE did take into consideration the cost of repair and included higher repair costs for more efficient products when supported by available data. See 89 FR 11434 , 11477 . For example, DOE included a higher repair cost for induction cooking tops based on available data from Consumer Reports. Id. A review of cooking product reliability information of most major brands provides no indication that higher-efficiency products are less reliable at the adopted standard levels relative to baseline products. Hence, notwithstanding theoretical conjecture that higher-efficiency products may have poor reliability based on simplified textbook models, no real-world evidence or data related to the technologies used at the adopted standard levels can be found clearly supporting such a correlation. The AGs of UT and MT did not specify how the attached documents on network node analysis and reliability theory correspond to the technologies used at the adopted standard levels for cooking products. In the absence of data specific to the technologies used in cooking products, DOE has no practical basis to model the theoretical concern from the AGs of UT and MT at the adopted standard levels. The assertion made by the AGs of UT and MT also runs counter to comments from AHAM and ASAP that support the February 2024 Direct Final Rule repair cost methodology.

DOE further notes that the lifetime distribution used in the February 2024 Direct Final Rule is based on feedback from manufacturers. 89 FR 11434 , 11477 . DOE is unaware of data that suggests a different lifetime associated with the technology options considered in the February 2024 Direct Final Rule, and no such data was provided by stakeholders. In response to the February 2024 Direct Final Rule, AHAM commented that the adopted standard will not impact the reliability of products, and hence lifetime of the product, at the adopted level, and it further stated that the standard levels are achievable by technology readily available on the market. (AHAM, No. 12845 at pp. 7-8) As there is no data to suggest different lifetime distributions for products at the adopted standards level, the comment from the AGs of UT and MT does not provide a reasonable basis for withdrawal of the February 2024 Direct Final Rule.

As discussed in in the February 2024 Direct Final Rule, DOE did take into account product reliability, lifetimes, and cost of repair when considering the LCC of more efficient products when supported by available data. See 89 FR 11434 , 11477 . Therefore, the February 2024 Direct Final Rule did take into account consumer purchase decisions in its analysis, and DOE has determined that the comment provided by the AGs of UT and MT does not provide a reasonable basis for withdrawal of the February 2024 Direct Final Rule.

The AGs of UT and MT stated their belief that GHG emissions and climate change impacts should not be part of EPCA rulemakings, but given their inclusion, DOE must consider them throughout the entire life cycle of the product, including manufacturing and potential reductions in lifespan due to increased complexity. The AGs of UT and MT commented that the February 2024 Direct Final Rule failed to adequately address these full life cycle impacts. (AGs of UT and MT, No. 12841 at p. 4)

As previously stated in section III.B of this document, the comment from the AGs of UT and MT points to a statement made to the U.S. Senate Subcommittee on Energy to indicate that 40 to 60 percent of the carbon footprint for many consumer products can be attributed to the supply chain. [ 10 ] However, the McKinsey report, which is the primary source for the statement made to the U.S. Subcommittee on Energy, is only referring to the manufacturing company's energy and carbon footprint that can reside upstream in its supply chain and does not include the energy and emissions associated with the usage phase of the appliance life cycle, which represents more than 90 percent of the total for large appliances. [ 11 ] As such, the energy and carbon footprint associated with supply chain likely accounts for approximately 4 to 6 percent of the overall carbon footprint of a product. Furthermore, there is no data suggesting that the supply chain carbon footprint would be different between baseline units and units that meet the adopted standard. In the February 2024 Direct Final Rule, DOE accounted for the environmental and public health benefits associated with the more efficient use of energy, including those connected to global climate change, as they are important to take into account when considering the need for national energy conservation under EPCA. ( See 42 U.S.C. 6295(o)(2)(B)(i)(IV) ) 89 FR 11434 , 11531-11534 . This analysis focused on the estimated reduced emissions expected to result during the lifetime of consumer conventional cooking products shipped during the projection period. Id.

The AGs of UT and MT stated that the Interagency Working Group's (“IWG's”) SC-GHG based on global impacts is inconsistent with EPCA's requirements for standards to consider economic implications to U.S. consumers. The AGs of UT and MT claimed that DOE erroneously appears to assume that all the benefits accrue to U.S. citizens, despite using global values. The AGs of UT and MT cited the case of Louisiana v. Biden to demonstrate questions related to the accuracy of the IWG's SC-GHG estimates. (AGs of UT and MT, No. 12841 at p. 4)

DOE reiterates its view that the environmental and public health benefits associated with more efficient use of energy, including those connected to global climate change, are important to take into account when considering the need for national energy conservation. ( See 42 U.S.C. 6295(o)(2)(B)(i)(IV) ) In addition, Executive Order 13563 , which was reaffirmed on January 21, 2021, stated that each agency must, among other things, “select, in choosing among alternative regulatory approaches, those approaches that maximize net benefits (including potential economic, environmental, public health and safety, and other advantages; distributive impacts; and equity).” Regarding the use of global SC-GHG values, many climate impacts that affect the welfare of U.S. citizens and residents are better reflected by global measures of SC-GHG. In addition, assessing the benefits of U.S. GHG mitigation activities requires consideration of how those actions may affect mitigation activities by other countries, as those international mitigation actions will provide a benefit to U.S. citizens and residents by mitigating climate impacts that affect U.S. citizens and residents.

The AGs of UT and MT stated the monetized GHG benefits largely accrue centuries in the future, well beyond the rulemaking analysis period. Furthermore, the AGs of UT and MT stated that DOE improperly mixed discount rates in its cost-benefit analysis. (AGs of UT and MT, No. 12841 at p. 4)

ALC stated similar concerns that IWG estimates for the SC-GHG are based on “flawed policy choices,” relying on discount rates that have a large influence on the present value of future damages far beyond the rulemaking analysis period. (ALC, No. 12834 at p. 6)

DOE's February 2024 Direct Final Rule analysis considers the costs and benefits associated with 30 years of shipments of a covered product. Because a portion of products shipped within this 30-year period continue to operate beyond 30 years, DOE accounts for energy cost savings and reductions in emissions until all products shipped within the 30-year period are retired. 89 FR 11434 , 11499 . In the case of carbon dioxide emissions, which remain in the atmosphere and contribute to climate change for many decades, the benefits of reductions in emissions likewise occur over a lengthy period; to not include such benefits would be inappropriate. Id.

With regards to discount rates used, the IWG found that the use of the social rate of return on capital (7 percent under current Office of Management and Budget Circular A-4 guidance) to discount the future benefits of reducing GHG emissions inappropriately underestimates the impacts of climate change for the purposes of estimating the SC-GHG. Consistent with the findings of the National Academies and the economic literature, the IWG continued to conclude that the consumption rate of interest is the theoretically appropriate discount rate in an intergenerational context and recommended that discount rate uncertainty and relevant aspects of intergenerational ethical considerations be accounted for in selecting future discount rates. With regards to mixing discount rates, DOE consulted the National Academies' 2017 recommendations on how SC-GHG estimates can “be combined in RIAs with other cost and benefits estimates that may use different discount rates.” The National Academies reviewed several options, including “presenting all discount rate combinations of other costs and benefits with [SC-GHG] estimates.” 89 FR 11434 , 11497 . [ 12 ]

ALC commented that because DOE cannot conclude that the new standards are economically justified under the statutory factors, DOE instead relies on the non-statutory and discredited SC-GHG estimates and thereby skews the economic analysis it is required to perform under EPCA. ALC claimed that DOE's reliance on SC-GHG estimates based on global damages conflicts with EPCA's statutory mandate to consider the need for national energy conservation under 42 U.S.C. 6925 (o)(2)(B)(i)(II). ALC stated that according to the Trump Administration, the actual social cost of carbon is seven times less than the SC-GHG estimates. ALC commented that DOE should not be permitted to use the IWG estimates in formulating new standards. (ALC, No. 12834 at pp. 2, 5-6)

ALC commented that DOE cannot avoid judicial review by declaring that it would reach the same conclusion presented in the rulemaking in the absence of the SC-GHG; ALC further commented that this rulemaking represents another attempt by the Biden Administration to avoid judicial review by claiming that the estimates are not outcome determinative. ( Id. at pp. 7-8)

In response and as stated in the February 2024 Direct Final Rule, DOE notes that it would have reached the same conclusion that the adopted standard levels were economically justified without considering the SC-GHG because the average LCC savings for all product classes is positive, a shipment-weighted 0 percent of consumers would experience a net cost, and the NPV for consumer benefits is positive using both the 3-percent and the 7-percent discount rate. 89 FR 11434 , 11498 , 11538 .

Pursuant to EPCA, any new or amended standard must result in significant conservation of energy. ( 42 U.S.C. 6295(o)(3)(B) )

APGA urged DOE not to use this rulemaking as a precedent for future energy conservation standards. APGA expressed concern with the cost-saving justification for the final standards, commenting that DOE's estimated savings are not sufficient to justify the rulemaking under EPCA. APGA commented that, using DOE's calculations and the average 14.5-year lifetime of a gas-fired consumer conventional cooking product, the average savings for customers would only be $3.09 over the life of the appliance. APGA commented that such an insignificant amount of savings over this timeframe does not seem to warrant a new standard under EPCA, and APGA is concerned that DOE is using what APGA asserted is miniscule savings to demonstrate a sufficient cost savings justification for a new standard. (APGA, No. 12839 at pp. 2-3)

CEI commented that by addressing stakeholders' concerns about reducing performance and choice, DOE has reduced the proposed rule's already-modest energy savings. CEI commented that EPCA expressly forbids promulgating efficiency standards that fail to result in significant conservation of energy and, as a result, the proper course of action would be for DOE to withdraw both the cooking products February 2024 Direct Final Rule and proposed rule. (CEI, No. 12844 at p. 3)

CEI commented that EPCA does not prioritize efficiency above all else in the standards-setting process; rather, any rule is prohibited if the Secretary determines said rule “will not result in significant conservation of energy.” CEI added that the February 2024 Direct Final Rule saves so little energy that it can be considered arbitrary and capricious. CEI commented that, as a result of the less-stringent standards in the February 2024 Direct Final Rule (compared to the proposed rule), the savings are now estimated by DOE to be $3.09 over the 14.5-year average lifespan of a gas cooktop, or 21 cents per year. ( Id. at pp. 3-5)

CEI commented that the February 2024 Direct Final Rule demonstrates that the only way to avoid an energy efficiency standard that compromises gas stove performance and features is to set one so weak that the consumer savings become insignificant. CEI commented that EPCA fully contemplates—and indeed requires—that some appliances would not be subject to energy use limits, and this should include consumer conventional cooking products. CEI commented that because energy savings are trivial and regulatory overreach threatens to harm the interests of consumers, the February 2024 Direct Final Rule should be withdrawn. ( Id. at p. 5)

Despite supporting the Joint Agreement, NPGA reiterated a previous comment that this rulemaking does not satisfy the threshold for significant energy savings at either the proposed or finalized standards. (NPGA, No. 12835 at pp. 1-2)

Butt commented that the February 2024 Direct Final Rule is projected to yield substantial energy savings. Butt subsequently stated that the February 2024 Direct Final Rule amounts to a 2% reduction in energy consumption relative to conventional product usage. Butt noted that this minimal rate would not implicitly justify the need for a reduction in energy consumption. Butt recommended that DOE consider shifting regulation focus to other sectors that have higher relative emissions such as refrigeration or heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (“HVAC”). (Butt, No. 12837 at pp. 4-7)

AHAM commented that it finds DOE has satisfied all EPCA criteria for issuing a February 2024 Direct Final Rule because the recommended energy conservation standards were designed by the Joint Stakeholders (including manufacturers of various sizes as well as consumer, environmental, and efficiency advocacy groups; a utility; and some States) to achieve the maximum improvement in energy efficiency that is technologically feasible and economically justified in accordance with the provisions of 42 U.S.C. 6295(o) , and because DOE issued a February 2024 Direct Final Rule together with a proposed rule identical to the standard established in the February 2024 Direct Final Rule and allowed 110 days for public comment, which is consistent with EPCA requirements. (AHAM, No. 12845 at pp. 8-10)

As discussed, pursuant to EPCA, any new or amended energy conservation standard must, among other criteria, be designed to achieve the maximum improvement in energy efficiency that DOE determines is technologically feasible and economically justified. ( 42 U.S.C. 6295(o)(2)(A) ) Furthermore, the new or amended standard must result in significant conservation of energy. ( 42 U.S.C. 6295(o)(3)(B) ). As noted in Herrington, determining whether energy savings are significant should be informed by the underlying policies of the Appliance Standards Program. ( See NRDC v. Herrington, 768 F.2d 1355, 1376 (D.C. Cir. 1985)). DOE's Appliance Standards Program was created in the 1970s in response to an energy supply crisis. See EPCA (noting in the Act's description the law's intention “[t]o increase domestic energy supplies and availability; to restrain energy demand; to prepare for energy emergencies; and for other purposes.”) Congress expanded further on the intended policies underlying the Appliance Standards Program in subsequent amendments to EPCA. For example, the Energy Policy Act of 2005, Public Law 109-58 (Aug. 8, 2005), which, among other things, amended EPCA to establish energy conservations standards for additional consumer products, was enacted to “ensure jobs for our future with secure, affordable, and reliable energy.” The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007, Public Law 110-140 (Dec. 19, 2007), which similarly amended EPCA to establish new energy conservation standards for consumer products and commercial equipment, was enacted to “move the United States toward greater energy independence and security, to increase the production of clean renewable fuels, to protect consumers, to increase the efficiency of products, buildings, and vehicles, to promote research on and deploy greenhouse gas capture and storage options, and to improve the energy performance of the Federal Government, and for other purposes.” Thus, DOE is guided by the underlying policy objectives of EPCA, as amended, governing the Appliance Standards Program when determining whether potential energy savings are significant.

As discussed in the February 2024 Direct Final Rule, DOE's analyses indicate that the adopted energy conservation standards for consumer conventional cooking products would save a significant amount of energy. 89 FR 11434 , 11437-11441 . Enhanced energy efficiency, where economically justified, improves the Nation's energy security, strengthens the economy, and reduces the environmental impacts (costs) of energy production. Reduced electricity demand due to energy conservation standards is also likely to reduce the cost of maintaining the reliability of the electricity system, particularly during peak-load periods.

Relative to the case without new and amended standards, the lifetime, FFC energy savings for consumer conventional cooking products purchased in the 30-year period that begins in the anticipated year of compliance with the new and amended standards (2028-2057), amount to 0.22 quadrillion British thermal units (“Btu”), or quads. This is equivalent to the primary annual energy use of 1.4 million homes. Further, during the same analysis period, the adopted standards for consumer conventional cooking products are projected to reduce emissions by 3.99 million metric tons  [ 13 ] of carbon dioxide, 1.15 thousand tons of sulfur dioxide, 7.61 thousand tons of nitrogen oxides, 34.70 thousand tons of methane, 0.04 thousand tons of nitrous oxide, and 0.01 tons of mercury. The estimated cumulative reduction in carbon dioxide emissions through 2030 amounts to 0.06 Mt, which is equivalent to the emissions resulting from the annual electricity use of more than 11 thousand homes. Id.

DOE also estimates the cumulative monetary value of the climate benefits from a reduction in greenhouse gases and the money value of the health benefits from the reduction of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides emissions. The climate benefits associated with the average SC-GHG at a 3-percent discount rate are estimated to be $0.22 billion. DOE estimated the present value of the health benefits would be $0.16 billion using a 7-percent discount rate, and $0.42 billion using a 3-percent discount rate. Id. at 89 FR 11437-11438 .

Based on the amount of FFC savings, the corresponding reduction in emissions, and the need to confront the global climate crisis, DOE determined in the February 2024 Direct Final Rule that the energy savings from the adopted standard levels are “significant” within the meaning of 42 U.S.C. 6295(o)(3)(B) . Id. at 89 FR 11447 .

APGA expressed concern that the rulemaking does not appear to save any more energy than a previous iteration of the rule for which DOE deemed similarly minimal energy savings insufficient to dictate a new ruling. APGA asserted that with the last iteration of this rule in 2009, DOE decided not to set a new standard, citing a lack of significant conservation of energy for gas cooktops. APGA commented it is therefore concerned that DOE is planning to set a new standard based on the same minimal energy conservation that previously did not warrant a new standard in 2009. (APGA, No. 12839 at p. 3)

DOE re-iterates that the significance of energy savings offered by a new or amended energy conservation standard cannot be determined without knowledge of the specific circumstances surrounding a given rulemaking. Accordingly, DOE evaluates the significance of energy savings on a case-by-case basis. 89 FR 11434 , 11441 . Contrary to APGA's assertions, DOE did in fact amend the energy conservation standards in the April 2009 Final Rule by prohibiting the use of constant burning pilot lights for all gas cooking products manufactured on or after April 9, 2012. 74 FR 16040 . DOE further stated in the April 2009 Final Rule that the estimated energy savings at each of the standard levels considered for cooking products indicate that the energy savings each would achieve are nontrivial, and therefore, DOE considered these savings “significant” within the meaning of section 325 of EPCA. Id. at 74 FR 16052 . The prescriptive standards prohibiting constant burning pilot lights for gas cooking products adopted in the April 2009 Final Rule were projected to save 0.14 quads of energy. Id. at 74 FR 16084 .

EPCA specifies the Secretary may not prescribe an amended or new standard if interested persons have established by a preponderance of the evidence that the standard is likely to result in the unavailability in the United States in any covered product type (or class) of performance characteristics (including reliability), features, sizes, capacities, and volumes that are substantially the same as those generally available in the United States. ( 42 U.S.C. 6295(o)(4) )

The AGs of NE et al. also stated that the February 2024 Direct Final Rule does not account for the consumer preference that AHAM identified through consumer research of safety, value, performance, and cost at purchase over energy efficiency and cost to use over time. (AGs of NE et al., No. 12838 at p. 3)

Rep. Bice asserted that the adopted standards will limit consumer choice. (Rep. Bice, No. 12831 at p. 1)

ALC commented that, as noted by CEI, the new and amended standards would unlawfully eliminate desired features that are on the market and that DOE did not adequately respond to the core of CEI's argument regarding desired features such as the maximum heat output of an HIR burner. ALC commented that among the more troublesome aspects of the rulemaking is the fact that DOE does not dispute that the new rule will likely regulate gas stoves with multiple HIR burners out of existence, and DOE does not attempt to show that any efficacious substitutes exist on the market; ALC commented that DOE therefore does not fulfill its statutory burden to carefully assess any impact to decreased consumer utility or to avoid establishing a new standard if it will result in the unlawful elimination of key features from the market. (ALC, No. 12834 at pp. 3-4)

DOE determined that the February 2024 Direct Final Rule would not result in the unavailability of products that are substantially the same as those currently available in the United States. 89 FR 11434 , 11524-11530 . AHAM noted that the energy conservation standards adopted in the February 2024 Direct Final Rule maintain important consumer features and utilities. (AHAM, No. 12845 at pp. 6-8)

As discussed, DOE specifically addressed the ability of consumer conventional cooking products to maintain certain features and functionalities. DOE stated in the February 2024 Direct Final Rule that the adopted standards would not preclude multiple HIR burners and continuous cast-iron grates or any combination of features mentioned by manufacturers, as demonstrated by products from multiple manufacturers in DOE's test sample. 89 FR 11434 , 11524 , 11526 . AHAM noted that the energy conservation standards adopted in the February 2024 Direct Final Rule maintain important consumer features and utilities. AHAM commented that DOE expanded the number of models with the consumer utilities AHAM identified in its testing, including 55 models of gas cooking tops with continuous cast-iron grates, which demonstrates a greater care for the features that consumers value. AHAM added that DOE's analysis shows that 35 gas units with at least two HIR cooking zones, or where the input rate is greater than or equal to 14,000 Btu/h, meet the finalized standard, thus preserving that key consumer utility. (AHAM, No. 12845 at pp. 6-7)

In response to ALC's claim that the standards in the February 2024 Direct Final Rule would reduce an HIR burner's maximum heat considerably, DOE reiterates that the highest input rate burners in its test sample (up to 25,000 Btu/h) meet the efficiency threshold corresponding to the finalized standard. 89 FR 11434 , 11464 .

The February 2024 Direct Final Rule evaluated whether the new and amended standards would result in the unavailability of products that are substantially the same as those currently available in the United States, and DOE has determined that the comments provided by the AGs of NE et al., Rep. Bice, and ALC do not provide a reasonable basis for withdrawal of the February 2024 Direct Final Rule.

Under 42 U.S.C. 6295(p)(4) , interested persons that are fairly representative of relevant points of view (including representatives of manufacturers of covered products, States, and efficiency advocates), as determined by DOE, may submit a joint recommendation to DOE for new or amended energy conservation standards.

The AGs of NE et al. questioned the expertise and relevancy of several advocacy groups who contributed to the Joint Agreement ( i.e., the Alliance for Water Efficiency, Earthjustice, the Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance, the Natural Resources Defense Council, and the National Consumer Law Center). The AGs of NE et al. asserted that none of the advocacy groups has expertise in setting energy efficiency standards for kitchen appliances, and none of the advocacy groups raised concerns related to consumer pricing, appliance functionality, or economic implications. (AGs of NE et al., No. 12838 at p. 4)

The AGs of NE et al. commented that there were several other groups that commented on the February 2023 SNOPR but did not appear in the joint statement. The AGs of NE et al. stated that the joint agreement did not include the National Apartment Association (“NAA”) and the National Multifamily Housing Council (“NMHC”). NAA and NMHC previously raised concerns about the effects of the rulemaking on mass-appliance purchases, which will disproportionately affect low-income individuals. The American Gas Association (“AGA”), APGA, and NPGA also authored a comment opposing the February 2023 SNOPR and were not part of the joint statement. ( Id. at p. 5)

The AGs of NE et al. commented that while Massachusetts, New York, and California support DOE's proposed rulemaking, 23 States caution DOE about the February 2024 Direct Final Rule's effects on consumer welfare; the AGs of NE et al. asserted that EPCA requires DOE to receive the concurrence of States across the ideological spectrum in order to proceed with a direct final rule rather than acknowledge only the few opinions in favor without receiving the support of a majority of States. The AGs of NE et al. commented that many States also previously raised legal concerns with DOE's proposed rule, which they stated were not resolved in the February 2024 Direct Final Rule. The AGs of NE et al. commented that States have a direct interest in protecting consumers and are also directly affected by the rule because so many State entities purchase conventional kitchen appliances. ( Id. at p. 6)

The AGs of UT and MT agreed with the AGs of NE et al.' s concerns over the participants in the Joint Agreement underlying the February 2024 Direct Final Rule, along with their concerns that the group does not comply with EPCA. (AGs of UT and MT, No. 12841 at p. 1)

The AGs of NE et al. stated their concern that DOE engaged in “administrative arm-twisting” and indicated that AHAM's change of approach from opposing to supporting the energy efficiency standards in question reflects a subtle example of the effect of DOE's arm-twisting on AHAM. (AGs of NE et al., No. 12838 at p. 5)

In response to the comments regarding whether the Joint Agreement was submitted by persons fairly representative of relevant points of view, DOE reiterates that 42 U.S.C. 6295(p)(4) states that if the criteria in 42 U.S.C. 6295(o) are met, the Secretary may issue a final rule that establishes an energy conservation standard “[o]n receipt of a statement that is submitted jointly by interested persons that are fairly representative of relevant points of view (including representatives of manufacturers of covered products, States, and efficiency advocates), as determined by the Secretary.” ( 42 U.S.C. 6295(p) )

As stated in the February 2024 Direct Final Rule, DOE determined that this requirement was met. 89 FR 11434 , 11446 . The Joint Agreement included a trade association, AHAM, which represents 19 manufacturers of the subject covered products—consumer conventional cooking products. Id. The Joint Agreement also included environmental and energy-efficiency advocacy organizations, consumer advocacy organizations, and a gas and electric utility company. Id. Additionally, DOE received a letter in support of the Joint Agreement from the States of New York, California, and Massachusetts ( see comment No. 12812). Id. DOE also received a letter in support of the Joint Agreement from the gas and electric utility, San Diego Gas and Electric, and the electric utility, Southern California Edison ( see comment No. 12813). Id. Representatives from each of the relevant points of view described in 42 U.S.C. 6295(p)(4) supported the Joint Agreement.

DOE has ample authority to accept a joint statement in these circumstances. EPCA does not require that the Joint Agreement be representative of every point of view. Nor does it require that a statement be submitted by all interested persons. Rather, it requires a statement from a sufficient number and diversity of “interested persons” such that the statement is “fairly representative of relevant points of view.” The Joint Agreement presented here is such a statement, as the Secretary determined.

Contrary to the commenters' suggestion, EPCA does not include any requirement that “relevant points of view” must include politically opposite points of view. Rather, EPCA ensures a diversity of opinions and interests by requiring that parties that provide a joint agreement must be fairly representative of relevant points of view (including representatives of manufacturers of covered products, States, and efficiency advocates), as determined by the Secretary. ( 42 U.S.C. 6295(p)(4)(A) )

Moreover, regardless of whether amended energy conservation standards are recommended as part of a joint agreement or proposed by DOE, the standards have to satisfy the same criteria in 42 U.S.C. 6295(o) . Thus, once DOE has determined that a joint agreement was submitted by interested persons that are fairly representative of relevant points of view, DOE then determines whether the joint agreement satisfies the relevant statutory criteria. As a result, in evaluating whether comments provide a reasonable basis for withdrawing a direct final rule, it is the substance of the comments, not the number of stakeholders that submit statements in favor of, or opposed to, the joint agreement, that determines whether a rule should be withdrawn.

DOE also finds meritless the contention that the Joint Agreement parties are not competent to present a statement for the purposes of section 6295(p). Contrary to the characterizations by the AGs of NE et al., the parties to the Joint Agreement have an established historical record of participation in DOE rulemakings and have submitted detailed comments in the past that demonstrate a thorough understanding of the technical, legal, and economic aspects of appliance standards rulemakings, including factors affecting specific groups such as low-income households.

In a follow-up letter from the parties to the Joint Agreement, each organization provided a brief description of its background. American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy is a nonprofit research organization and its independent analysis advances investments, programs, and behaviors that use energy more effectively and help build an equitable clean energy future. Alliance for Water Efficiency is a nonprofit dedicated to efficiency and sustainable use of water that provides a forum for collaboration around policy, information sharing, research, education, and stakeholder engagement. ASAP organizes and leads a broad-based coalition effort that works to advance new appliance, equipment, and lighting standards that cut emissions that contribute to climate change and other environmental and public health harms, save water, and reduce economic and environmental burdens for low- and moderate-income households. AHAM represents more than 150 member companies that manufacture 90 percent of the major portable and floor care appliances shipped for sale in the United States. CFA is an association of more than 250 non-profit consumer and cooperative groups that advances the consumer interest through research, advocacy, and education. Consumer Reports is a mission-driven, independent, nonprofit member organization that empowers and informs consumers, incentivizes corporations to act responsibly, and helps policymakers prioritize the rights and interests of consumers in order to shape a truly consumer-driven marketplace. Earthjustice is a nonprofit public interest environmental law organization advocating to advance clean energy and combat climate change. National Consumer Law Center supports consumer justice and economic security for low-income and other disadvantaged people in the United States through its expertise in policy analysis and advocacy, publications, litigation, expert witness services, and training. National Resources Defense Council is an international nonprofit environmental organization with expertise from lawyers, scientists, and other environmental specialists. Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance is a collaboration of 140 utilities and efficiency organizations working together to advance energy efficiency in the Northwest on behalf of more than 13 million consumers. Pacific Gas and Electric Company represents one of the largest combined gas and electric utilities in the Western United States, serving over 16 million customers across northern and central California. [ 14 ]

Finally, DOE notes that it had no role in requesting that the parties to the Joint Agreement submit the Joint Agreement or in negotiating the terms of the Joint Agreement. As noted in the Joint Agreement itself, the parties accepted the agreement based on the totality of the agreement. DOE's participation was limited to evaluating the joint submission under the criteria set forth in 42 U.S.C. 6295(p) .

Therefore, DOE reaffirms its determination that the Joint Agreement was submitted by interested persons that are fairly representative of relevant points of view.

The AGs of NE et al. commented that there were many comments made by AHAM, Whirlpool, and Sub-Zero Group Inc. in previous rounds of the rulemaking that the AGs of NE et al. found were not adequately addressed in the February 2024 Direct Final Rule. For example, the AGs of NE et al. stated that the February 2024 Direct Final Rule does not address Whirlpool's concern that DOE did not conduct a North American integrated supply-chain analysis. The AGs of NE et al. commented that the February 2024 Direct Final Rule neglects to address AHAM's previous concern cooking products will not be able to maintain certain features and functionalities and households at or near the poverty line would be negatively affected by having to purchase new cooking appliances. The AGs of NE et al. commented that although AHAM later authored a joint agreement in favor of the February 2024 Direct Final Rule, DOE did not adequately address the concerns listed in AHAM's earlier comment and therefore does not assuage concerns that the new energy efficiency standards will raise prices for conventional stoves and ovens with disproportionate harm to low-income households. (AGs of NE et al., No. 12838 at pp. 2-4)

In response to the comments from the AGs of NE et al. that DOE did not respond in the February 2024 Direct Final Rule to the comments submitted by signatories to the Joint Agreement and other stakeholders in response to the February 2023 SNOPR, DOE notes that the commenters misunderstand DOE's direct final rule authority under EPCA. As discussed in the February 2024 Direct Final Rule, DOE was already conducting a rulemaking to consider amending the standards for consumer conventional cooking products when the Joint Agreement was submitted. 89 FR 11434 , 11444 . After receiving the Joint Agreement, DOE initiated a separate rulemaking action and subsequently issued the February 2024 Direct Final Rule after determining that the recommendations contained in the Joint Agreement were compliant with 42 U.S.C. 6295(o) . Id. The February 2024 Direct Final Rule is a separate rulemaking, conducted under a different statutory authority from DOE's prior rulemaking in the February 2023 SNOPR, and DOE has no obligation to consider comments submitted in response to that prior rulemaking in a different rulemaking. Further, both the efficiency levels and compliance periods proposed in the February 2023 SNOPR are different from those adopted in the February 2024 Direct Final Rule.

Even though DOE was not required to consider comments from the February 2023 SNOPR, DOE did in fact consider relevant comments, data, and information obtained through the February 2023 SNOPR. This included the issues that the AGs of NE et al. asserted DOE ignored in the February 2024 Direct Final Rule.

In response to concerns about manufacturer supply chain, DOE noted in the February 2024 Direct Final Rule that 77 percent of electric smooth element cooking tops, 97 percent of gas cooking tops, 95 percent of electric ovens, and 96 percent of gas ovens will already meet or exceed the standards by the first year of compliance. 89 FR 11434 , 11516 . Given that a significant portion of the market already meets or exceeds the adopted standard, it is very unlikely that the adopted standard will impact the cooking product supply chain.

Additionally, in the February 2024 Direct Final Rule, DOE specifically addressed the ability of consumer conventional cooking products to maintain certain features and functionalities. 89 FR 11434 , 11524 . For example, DOE determined that the adopted standards would not preclude any combination of features mentioned by manufacturers, can be achieved by both standalone cooking tops and the cooking top portion of combined cooking products ( e.g., ranges), do not preclude the use of extra-high input rate burners or multiple high-input rate (“HIR”) burners  [ 15 ] on a cooking top and would therefore not impact cooking times, do not preclude the use of low-input rate burners, and can be achieved by gas cooking tops with continuous cast iron grates. Id. at 89 FR 11526 , 11529-11530 . Furthermore, DOE emphasizes that the adopted standard will not impact the utility or performance of consumer conventional cooking products and consumers are not likely to switch fuel types as a result of the adopted standard. AHAM commented that the energy conservation standards adopted in the February 2024 Direct Final Rule fully addressed those concerns and maintain important consumer features and utilities. AHAM commented that DOE's expanded test sample shows that both electric and gas ranges can meet the adopted standards while preserving important consumer features. (AHAM, No. 12845 at pp. 6-7)

In the February 2024 Direct Final Rule, DOE considered the impact on low-income households by performing a LCC subgroup analysis for low-income households. 89 FR 11434 , 11488-11489 . Notably, consistent with Joint Agreement, in the February 2024 Direct Final Rule DOE adopted a lower standard level for gas cooking tops than the level proposed in the February 2023 SNOPR. DOE estimated that the lower standard level would result in 1 percent of low-income households experiencing a net cost due to the standard, compared with 18 percent at the proposed level in the February 2023 SNOPR. The adopted standard level for gas cooking tops in the February 2024 Direct Final Rule also reduced the estimated incremental increase in purchase price to $2.24, compared with $18.27 at the proposed standard level in the February 2023 SNOPR. Furthermore, in response to concerns that the adopted standard will impact housing costs, DOE notes that the estimated installed cost increase associated with the adopted standards is less than one percent relative to the cost of a baseline unit for all product classes and is unlikely to impact housing production or affordability.

The AGs of NE et al. recommended that before enacting these stringent new standards for consumer conventional cooking products, DOE return to formal rulemaking or, at a minimum, to proceed with informal notice-and-comment rulemaking to allow States and other relevant parties to participate in rulemaking processes that affect nearly every household appliance and also ensure a minimal level of political accountability by giving visibility to internal agency deliberations. The AGs of NE et al. further commented that the lack of a formal process does not allow people the opportunity to comment on rules that touch the lives of nearly all Americans. (AGs of NE et al., No. 12838 at pp. 1-2, 7-8, 9-10) The AGs of UT and MT similarly recommended DOE halt the rulemaking. (AGs of UT and MT, No. 12841 at p. 5)

ALC recommended that the rulemaking be reviewed in accordance with the Administrative Procedure Act (“APA”)'s requirements; ALC added that the Administration's attempt to shield its regulations from review seeks to undermine that principle. ALC recommended that DOE reconsider the use of the standards and present rationale for its standards that satisfies the APA and respects the important role of judicial review. (ALC, No. 12834 at pp. 7-8) Similarly, the AGs of UT and MT expressed concerns about pretext and circumvention of the APA, and regarding DOE's conduct in this rulemaking and in recent litigation. (AGs of UT and MT, No. 12841 at pp. 1-2)

Butt commented that DOE's limited engagement with stakeholders raises concerns about transparency, accountability, and inclusivity in the regulatory process. (Butt, No. 12837 at p. 2)

AHAM stated that interested parties have had ample opportunity to comment through the proposed and supplemental proposed rules, two notifications of data availability, and the February 2024 Direct Final Rule. AHAM noted that, in fact, the February 2024 Direct Final Rule process provided an extra 110 days for interested parties to review DOE's final rule and submit comments—which met EPCA requirements. (AHAM, No. 12845 at p. 5)

In response, DOE notes that Congress granted DOE the authority to issue energy conservation standards as direct final rules subject to certain conditions and procedural requirements. As discussed in the February 2024 Direct Final Rule, DOE determined that the Joint Agreement was submitted jointly by interested persons that are fairly representative of relevant points of view and the adopted energy conservation standards as recommended in the Joint Agreement would result in significant energy savings and are technologically feasible and economically justified as required under 42 U.S.C. 6295(o) and provided supporting analysis. 89 FR 11434 , 11446 . DOE did not contribute to the development of the Joint Agreement. Rather, as provided in EPCA, DOE's role was to evaluate what was submitted and determine if meets the criteria for issuing a DFR. DOE strongly disagrees with the assertions that its actions here violate the APA or are otherwise improper.

Additionally, DOE notes it followed the procedures in 42 U.S.C. 6295(p)(4) to publish a direct final rule in the Federal Register simultaneously with a NOPR proposing identical standards and allowed 110 days for public comment. See 89 FR 11434 and 89 FR 11548 . Regarding the comment about formal rulemaking, DOE has met all of its statutory requirements under its direct rule authority, which does not require formal rulemaking. [ 16 ] Finally, regarding the comments about the APA, EPCA mandates the substance and process by which DOE establishes energy conservation standards and develops direct final rules. While the APA provides DOE direction in areas in which EPCA is silent, EPCA is a comprehensive statutory mechanism for the development, implementation, and enforcement of energy conservation standards.

ALC commented that Congress may only regulate intrastate activity under the Commerce Clause when the activity substantially affects interstate commerce. ALC commented that in order to properly regulate the intrastate market for covered products, DOE must demonstrate that the intrastate activity substantially affects the interstate market for the covered appliances, which ALC asserted DOE has not done. Further, ALC disputes DOE's response to the Commerce Clause concerns in the February 2024 Direct Final Rule. ALC states that Department's understanding of the Commerce Clause deviates from the Clause's original meaning and does so without addressing more recent Supreme Court decisions questioning such an expansive interpretation of the Commerce Clause. ALC argues that DOE overreads Raich and places it in serious tension with precedents such as Lopez, United States v. Morrison, Solid Waste Agency of Northern Cook County v. Army Corps of Engineers, Sackett v. EPA, and West Virginia v. EPA. ALC states as an example in West Virginia, the Court held that Congress did not grant the Environmental Protection Agency “authority to devise carbon emissions caps” via the Clean Power Plan because courts must “greet assertions of `extravagant statutory power over the national economy' with `skepticism.'” See West Virginia v. EPA, 597 U.S. 697, 724 (2022) (citing Util. Air Regul. Grp. v. EPA, 573 U.S. 302, 324 (2014)). (ALC, No. 12834 at pp. 8-9)

As noted by ALC, DOE addressed Commerce Clause concerns in the February 2024 Direct Final Rule. Intrastate commerce involving a fungible commodity for which there is an established national market, such as consumer conventional cooking products, substantially affects interstate commerce. And, as the Supreme Court noted in Gonzales v. Raich, 545 U.S. 1 (2005), the Commerce Clause case law “firmly establishes Congress' power to regulate purely local activities that are part of an economic `class of activities' that have a substantial effect on interstate commerce.” Id. at 17. The Court concluded that to leave intrastate goods unregulated where there is an established interstate market for the commodity would have a substantial impact on the market and could undermine the very purpose of the regulatory scheme. See Id. at 18-19. There is an established interstate market for conventional cooking products as the majority of these products are sold through large, national retailers. DOE therefore affirms its view that Congress' intent in EPCA was to provide it with authority to regulate all consumer conventional cooking products distributed in commerce.

ALC commented that the February 2024 Direct Final Rule raises questions under the major questions doctrines. ALC asserted that the February 2024 Direct Final Rule imposes comprehensive design requirements that drastically affect consumer use and enjoyment and without a clear statement of authority the Department cannot exercise such control over “a significant portion of the American economy.” West Virginia, 597 U.S. at 722 (citing Util. Air Regul. Grp., 573 U.S. at 324). (ALC, No. 12834 at p. 9)

DOE reiterates that it determined the February 2024 Direct Final Rule would not result in the unavailability of products that are substantially the same as those currently available in the United States. As discussed, DOE specifically addressed the ability of consumer conventional cooking products to maintain certain features and functionalities. DOE stated in the February 2024 Direct Final Rule that the adopted standards would not preclude multiple HIR burners and continuous cast-iron grates or any combination of features mentioned by manufacturers, as demonstrated by products from multiple manufacturers in DOE's test sample. 89 FR 11434 , 11524 , 11526 . Further, contrary to ALC's assertion, DOE has very clear authority under EPCA to establish energy conservation standards for consumer conventional cooking products. See 42 U.S.C. 6292(a)(10) . Under EPCA, as amended, DOE has been directed by Congress to establish or implement energy conservation standards for consumer products for over 40 years.

ALC commented that the February 2024 Direct Final Rule raises questions under the nondelegation doctrine because DOE employs the social cost of greenhouse gases (“SC-GHG”) to justify the final rule yet cites no clear congressional statement of authority to rely on such a factor. Further the rule is legislative in nature because it formulates generally applicable rules of private conduct—an inherently legislative function. (ALC, No. 12834 at pp. 9-10)

First, as stated in the February 2024 Direct Final Rule, DOE determined that the rule was economically justified without accounting for the social cost of greenhouse gases. 89 FR 11434 , 11498 . DOE, however, continues to believe that the environmental and public health benefits associated with more efficient use of energy, including those connected to global climate change, are important factors to evaluate when considering the need for national energy conservation. Id. As for ALC's comment about the nondelegation doctrine, “a delegation is constitutional so long as Congress sets out an intelligible principle to guide the delegee's exercise of authority.” Gundy v. United States, 588 U.S. 128, 130 (2019). Further, “the standards for that principle are not demanding.” Id. In EPCA, Congress lists criteria that must be met before DOE can issue a new or amended standard. See 42 U.S.C. 6295(o) (“[c]riteria for prescribing new or amended standards”). Congress, among other things, directs DOE to establish energy conservation standards that represent the maximum improvement in energy efficiency that is technologically feasible and economically justified. ( 42 U.S.C. 6295(o)(2)(A) ) Congress further specifies the factors DOE has to consider when determining whether an energy conservation standard is economically justified. ( 42 U.S.C. 6295(o)(2)(B)(i)(I)-(VII) ) Congress also specifies that a new or amended standard has to result in significant conservation of energy ( 42 U.S.C. 6295(o)(3)(B) ) and cannot result in the unavailability of performance characteristics, features, sizes, capacities, and volumes that are substantially the same as those generally available in the market ( 42 U.S.C. 6295(o)(4) ). In EPCA, Congress has clearly indicated a general policy for DOE to follow in prescribing energy conservation standards and the boundaries of that authority. See American Power & Light, 329 U.S. 90, 105 (1946).

ALC commented that the February 2024 Direct Final Rule raises serious Federalism questions because it forecloses States from exercising their own judgment in an area traditionally reserved to their discretion, which upsets the balance between Federal and State powers. ALC commented that because of the rule's significance and the constitutional questions it raises, the standards must be authorized by clear authority. (ALC, No. 12834 at p. 10)

As discussed in section II.A of the February 2024 Direct Final Rule, DOE has clear authority to establish energy conservation standards for cooking products. 89 FR 11434 , 11441-11443 . Further, the preemptive effect of Federal energy conservation standards on State laws is clearly described in EPCA. See 42 U.S.C. 6297 .

EPCA directs DOE to consider any lessening of competition that is likely to result from new or amended standards. ( 42 U.S.C. 629(p)(4)(A)(i) and (C)(i)(II) ; 42 U.S.C. 6295(o)(2)(B)(i)(V) ) It also directs the Attorney General of the United States (“Attorney General”) to determine the impact, if any, of any lessening of competition likely to result from a proposed standard and to transmit such determination to the Secretary within 60 days of the publication of a proposed rule, together with an analysis of the nature and extent of the impact. ( 42 U.S.C. 6295(o)(2)(B)(i)(V) and (B)(ii) ) To assist the Attorney General in making this determination, DOE provided the Department of Justice (“DOJ”) with copies of the February 2024 Direct Final Rule, the corresponding NOPR, and the February 2024 Direct Final Rule TSD for review. DOE has published DOJ's comments at the end of this document.

In its letter responding to DOE, DOJ concluded that, based on its review, the direct final rule standards for consumer conventional cooking products are unlikely to have a significant adverse impact on competition.

In summary, based on the previous discussion, DOE has determined that the comments received in response to the direct final rule for new and amended energy conservation standards for consumer conventional cooking products do not provide a reasonable basis for withdrawal of the direct final rule. As a result, the energy conservation standards set forth in the direct final rule became effective on June 13, 2024. Compliance with these standards is required on and after January 31, 2028.

This document of the Department of Energy was signed on August 2, 2024, by Jeffrey Marootian, Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, pursuant to delegated authority from the Secretary of Energy. That document with the original signature and date is maintained by DOE. For administrative purposes only, and in compliance with requirements of the Office of the Federal Register, the undersigned DOE Federal Register Liaison Officer has been authorized to sign and submit the document in electronic format for publication, as an official document of the Department of Energy. This administrative process in no way alters the legal effect of this document upon publication in the Federal Register .

Signed in Washington, DC, on August 2, 2024.

Treena V. Garrett,

Federal Register Liaison Officer,U.S. Department of Energy.

1.  All references to EPCA in this document refer to the statute as amended through the Energy Act of 2020, Public Law 116-260 (Dec. 27, 2020), which reflect the last statutory amendments that impact Parts A and A-1 of EPCA.

2.  The signatories to the Joint Agreement include the Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers (“AHAM”), American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy, Alliance for Water Efficiency, Appliance Standards Awareness Project, Consumer Federation of America, Consumer Reports, Earthjustice, National Consumer Law Center, Natural Resources Defense Council, Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance, and Pacific Gas and Electric Company. Members of AHAM's Major Appliance Division that make the affected products include: Alliance Laundry Systems, LLC; Asko Appliances AB; Beko US Inc.; Brown Stove Works, Inc.; BSH Home Appliances Corporation; Danby Products, Ltd.; Electrolux Home Products, Inc.; Elicamex S.A. de C.V.; Faber; Fotile America; GE Appliances, a Haier Company; L'Atelier Paris Haute Design LLG; LG Electronics; Liebherr USA, Co.; Midea America Corp.; Miele, Inc.; Panasonic Appliances Refrigeration Systems (PAPRSA) Corporation of America; Perlick Corporation; Samsung Electronics America, Inc.; Sharp Electronics Corporation; Smeg S.p.A; Sub-Zero Group, Inc.; The Middleby Corporation; U-Line Corporation; Viking Range, LLC; and Whirlpool Corporation.

3.  The Joint Agreement contained recommendations for six covered products: refrigerators, refrigerator-freezers, and freezers; clothes washers; clothes dryers; dishwashers; cooking products; and miscellaneous refrigeration products.

4.  The Joint Agreement is available in the docket at www.regulations.gov/​comment/​EERE-2014-BT-STD-0005-12811 .

5.  A linear power supply produces unregulated as well as regulated power. The unregulated portion of a linear power supply typically consists of a transformer that steps alternating current (“AC”) line voltage down, a voltage rectifier circuit for AC to direct current conversion, and a capacitor to produce unregulated, direct current output.

6.  APGA comments No. 12839 and 12840 are identical. Therefore, DOE only cites No. 12839 in this document.

7.  App commented opposing a ban on gas stoves and did not comment on the standard levels enacted in the February 2024 Direct Final Rule. (App, No. 12823 at p. 1) The standards adopted by the February 2024 Direct Final Rule do not ban the production or use of gas cooking products, including gas cooking tops or stoves ( i.e., gas ranges).

8.  NPGA comments No. 12835 and 12836 are identical. Therefore, DOE only cites No. 12835 in this document.

9.  The parenthetical reference provides a reference for information located in the docket of DOE's rulemaking to develop energy conservation standards for consumer conventional cooking products. (Docket No. EERE-2014-BT-STD-0005, which is maintained at: www.regulations.gov ). The references are arranged as follows: (commenter name, comment docket ID number at page of that document).

10.  See www.energy.senate.gov/​services/​files/​3D26FA56-F102-9E9F-BEA4-52BB0085B19A .

11.  Gonzalez, A., A. Chase, and N. Horowitz. 2012. “What We Know and Don't Know about Embodied Energy and Greenhouse Gases for Electronics, Appliances, and Light Bulbs.” Energy Solutions and Natural Resources Defense Council. ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings.

12.  Following the issuance of this DFR, DOE issued a rulemaking document in an unrelated matter in which it preliminarily determined that new, updated SC-GHG estimates promulgated in 2023 by EPA (2023 SC-GHG estimates) represent a significant improvement in estimating SC-GHG. See 89 FR 59692 , 59700-59701 . DOE preliminarily determined that the updated 2023 SC-GHG estimates reflect the best available scientific and analytical evidence and methodologies, are accordingly the most appropriate for DOE analyses, and best facilitate sound decision-making by substantially improving the transparency of the estimates and representations of uncertainty inherent in such estimates. Id. DOE welcomed comment on that preliminary determination. Id.

Because it issued this DFR prior to making that preliminary determination, DOE estimated the climate benefits of the standards adopted in this rule using the IWG's SC-GHG estimates. As noted in the text, DOE's decision to adopt the DFR's standards did not depend on the cost of greenhouse gasses; nor would the decision change based on a revised estimate of the cost of greenhouse gasses.

13.  A metric ton is equivalent to 1.1 short tons. Results for emissions other than carbon dioxide are presented in short tons.

14.  This document is available in the docket at: www.regulations.gov/​comment/​EERE-2014-BT-STD-0005-12814 .

15.  In the February 2024 Direct Final Rule, DOE defined an HIR burner as a burner rated at or above 14,000 Btu per hour.

16.  DOE notes that outside of its direct rulemaking authority, DOE utilizes informal or legislative rulemaking ( i.e., notice and comment rulemaking under the Administrative Procedure Act, 5 U.S.C. 553 ) when it promulgates rules under EPCA, not formal rulemaking.

[ FR Doc. 2024-17474 Filed 8-9-24; 8:45 am]

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