case study class 7 science reproduction in plants

Case Study Questions Class 7 Science Reproduction in Plants

Case study questions class 7 science chapter 12 reproduction in plants, cbse case study questions class 7 science reproduction in plants, case study 1, case study 2, case study 3, case study 4.

Que. 2) (a) Seed coat

Case study 5

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Case Study Questions for Class 7 Science Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants

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Here we are providing case study or passage-based questions for class 7 science chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants.

Case Study/Passage Based Questions

Cell which is produced after fusion of gametes is called a zygote. Fusion of male and female gametes (to form a zygote) is called fertilization. Zygote develops into an embryo. 1. Zygote formation occurs in: (a) asexual reproduction (b) sexual reproduction (c) both asexual and sexual reproduction (d) all the above are correct 2. Cell which is produced after fusion of male gametes and female gametes is called: (a) zygote (b) fertilization (c) embryo (d) None of these 3. The part of flower which produce male gametes is: (a) anther (b) stamen (c) filament (d) None of these

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What is case study question for class 7 science.

Case study or passage-based questions in class 7 Science typically require students to read a given scenario or passage and answer questions based on the information provided. These questions assess students’ comprehension, analytical thinking, and application of scientific concepts. 

Best Ways to Prepare for Case Study Questions

To develop a strong command on class 6 Science case study questions, you can follow these steps:

• Read the textbook and study materials:  Familiarize yourself with the concepts and topics covered in your class 6 Science curriculum. Read the textbook thoroughly and take notes on important information.
• Practice analyzing case studies:  Look for case studies or passages related to class 6 Science topics. Analyze the given information, identify key details, and understand the context of the situation.
• Develop comprehension skills:  Focus on improving your reading comprehension skills. Practice reading passages or articles and try to summarize the main points or extract relevant information. Pay attention to details, vocabulary, and the overall structure of the passage.
• Understand scientific concepts:  Ensure that you have a solid understanding of the scientific concepts discussed in class. Review the fundamental principles and theories related to each topic.
• Make connections:  Try to connect the information provided in the case study to the concepts you have learned in class. Identify any cause-effect relationships, patterns, or relevant scientific principles that apply to the situation.
• Practice critical thinking:  Develop your critical thinking skills by analyzing and evaluating the information given in the case study. Think logically, consider multiple perspectives, and draw conclusions based on the evidence provided.
• Solve practice questions:  Look for practice questions or sample case study questions specifically designed for class 6 Science. Solve these questions to apply your knowledge, practice your analytical skills, and familiarize yourself with the format of case study questions.
• Seek clarification:  If you come across any challenging concepts or have doubts, don’t hesitate to ask your teacher for clarification. Understanding the underlying principles will help you tackle case study questions effectively.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 8 Reproduction in Plants

• 7th June 2023

NCERT Solutions Class 7 Science Chapter 8 Reproduction in Plants is provided here to help students in understanding the topic thoroughly. All these solutions are solved by experts with a detailed explanation. Class 7 NCERT Solutions for Science Chapter 8 includes all the textbook exercise questions and answers. These solutions will help students complete their assignments & homework.

Class 7 Science Reproduction in Plants Questions and Answers

Exercise Questions

Question 1: Fill in the blanks:

(a) Production of new individuals from the vegetative part of parent is called ___________.  (b) A flower may have either male or female reproductive parts. Such a flower is called _______. (c) The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the same or of another flower of the same kind is known as __________. (d) The fusion of male and female gametes is termed as ____________ . (e) Seed dispersal takes place by means of ________ and __________.

Answer:   (a) vegetative reproduction (b) unisexual flower (c) pollination (d) fertilization (e) wind, water

Question 2: Describe the different methods of asexual reproduction. Give examples.

Answer: Different methods of asexual production are:

(i) Vegetative propagation:  It is the ability of a plant to produce new plants from roots, stems, leaves, and buds.

(ii) Budding: In this process, a new individual from a bulb-like projection, bud, grows and gets detached from the parent to form a new individual and it is mostly observed in yeast.

(iii) Fragmentation: It is a form of asexual reproduction where a new organism is formed from the fragments of the parent body. It is the only mode of asexual reproduction in  Spirogyra .

(iv) Spore formation: Many non-flowering plants reproduce through spore formation. The spores are tiny spherical unicellular structures protected by a thick wall. The spores are stored in a hard outer covering and this is called a sporangium. Under favourable conditions, the hardcover breaks and spores spread for germination.

Question 3: Explain what you understand by sexual reproduction.

Answer: Sexual reproduction means involvement of two parents in the process of reproduction. It is found mainly in higher plants where male gamete and female gamete fuse to form a zygote. These zygotes develop into individuals which are not identical. Offsprings inherit the characteristics of both the parents. In sexual reproduction, both parents survive after the process of reproduction.

Question 4: State the main difference between asexual and sexual reproduction.

Answer: Difference between asexual and sexual reproduction:

Question 5: Sketch the reproductive parts of a flower.

Question 6: Explain the difference between self-pollination and cross-pollination.

Question 7: How does the process of fertilisation take place in flowers?

Answer: When pollen lands on stigma, it germinates and gives rise to a pollen tube that passes through the style and reaches the ovary of a pistil. When the pollen tube reaches an ovule, it releases the male gametes. A male gamete fuses with a female gamete in the ovule. This process is known as fertilisation. The cell which is formed after the fusion of a male and a female gamete is known as zygote. This zygote divides several times in order to form the embryo present inside the seed.

Question 8: Describe the various ways by which seeds are dispersed.

Answer: Seed dispersal is aided by the wind, water and animals. Sees also dispersed when fruits burst with sudden jerks.

By wind:   Seeds and fruits of plants are carried away by the wind, water and animals. Winged seeds such as those of drumstick and maple, light seeds of grasses or hairy seeds of aak (Madar) and hairy fruit of the sunflower, get blown off with the wind to faraway places.

By water:  Seeds of aquatic plants or plants near water bodies usually develop floating ability in the form of a spongy or fibrous outer coat as in coconut and get dispersed by water.

By animals:   Spiny seeds with hooks which get attached to the bodies of animals and are carried to distant places.

Dispersion of seeds by bursting of fruits:   Some seeds are dispersed when the fruits burst with sudden jerks. The seeds are scattered far from the parent plant. This happens in the case of castor and balsam.

Question 9: Match items in Column I with those in Column II:

Question 10: Tick (√) the correct answer:

(a) The reproductive part of a plant is the

(i) leaf (ii) stem (iii) root (iv) flower

Answer: (iv) flower

(b) The process of fusion of the male and the female gametes is called

(i) fertilisation (ii) pollination (iii) reproduction (iv) seed formation

Answer: (i) fertilisation

(c) Mature ovary forms the

(i) seed (ii) stamen (iii) pistil (iv) fruit

Answer: (iv) fruit

(d) A spore producing organism is

(i) rose (ii) bread mould (iii) potato (iv) ginger

Answer: (ii) bread mould

(e) Bryophyllum can reproduce by its

(i) stem (ii) leaves (iii) roots (iv) flower

Answer: (ii) leaves

Having a good grasp over CBSE NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science will further help the students in their preparation for board exams and other competitive exams. NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 8 Reproduction in Plants provided by CBSE Path help students to clear their doubts and to obtain good marks in the exams. All the solutions provided in this article are strictly based on the CBSE syllabus and curriculum.

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Reproduction in Plants Important Questions Class 7 Science Chapter 12

Reproduction in Plants Class 7 Science Chapter 4 Important Questions and Answers are provided here. We prepared these extra questions based on the latest NCERT Class 7 Science Book. These important questions will help you to properly understand a particular concept of the chapter. Practicing class 7 important questions before the exam will help you to get excellent marks in the exam. 

Class 7 Science Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants Important Questions

Very short answer type question.

1: What is unisexual flower?

Answer:   A flower may have either male or female reproductive parts. Such a flower is called unisexual flowers.

2: The fusion of male and female gametes is termed as _____________.

Answer:   Fertilisation

3: Name the different modes of asexual reproduction.

Answer:   There are different methods by which plants reproduce asexually. They are vegetative propagation, budding, fragmentation and spore formation

4: Modes of reproduction evolve only one parent is called unisexual reproduction. True/ False

Answer:   True

5: Name vegetative parts of plants.

Answer:   Root, stem and leaves.

6: Name the reproductive organ of a flowering plant.

Answer:   Flower

7: State the two types of reproduction in plants.

Answer:   Asexual and sexual.

8: What happens in sexual reproduction?

Answer:   In sexual reproduction, the male and the female gametes fuse to form seeds that eventually develop into new plants.

9: The seeds are formed inside the______________.

Answer:   Fruits

10: In asexual reproduction, a new plant is grown from any part of a plant involving the seeds. True/ False

Answer:   False

11: What is a node?

Answer:   A node is a part of the stem from where a leaf grows.

12: ____________ Plant has buds on the edges of its leaves.

Answer:   Bryophyllum

13: What kind of roots is called tubers?

Answer:   Roots that store food are known as tubers.

14: What kind of roots are the food storage tanks for the plants?

Answer:   Tubers

15: Yeast reproduces by a process called ____________.

Answer:   Budding

16: Algae, the simplest green plants, reproduce by an asexual method known as ___________.

Answer:   Fragmentation

17: What is a mould?

Answer:   Mould is a type of fungus that grows on moist organic surfaces like leather shoes and moist walls.

18: How does a mould reproduce?

Answer:   By the means of spores.

19: The anther of flower contains pollen sacs that produce _____________.

Answer:   Pollen grains

20: Name the male reproductive unit of the flower.

Answer:  Stemen.

21: Bisexual flowers contain both the stamens and the pistil. True/ False

22: Give examples of bisexual flower.

Answer:   Mustard and rose.

23: Give examples of unisexual flower.

Answer:   Cucumber, maize and watermelon.

24: How Pollen grains transfer from one flower to another?

Answer:   By pollinating agents like wind, water and animals.

25: What is fertilization?

Answer:   Fusion of the male and female gametes is called fertilisation.

26: Name the cell formed as product of fertilization.

Answer:   Zygote

27: What is the other name for ovary?

Answer:   Carpel

28: The stamen is male reproductive part or female reproductive part?

Answer:   Male reproductive part.

29: Female gamete is formed in a ______________.

Answer:   Ovule

30: Give examples of some seeds that are dispersed by animals.

Answer:   Xanthium and Urena

31: Give examples of a seeds that is dispersed by water.

Answer:   Coconut

32: _____________ is the female reproductive part of flower.

Answer:   Pistil

33: Give examples of plants that reproduce by means of spores.

Answer:   Moss and ferns.

Short Answer Type Questions

1: Why reproduction is an essential life process?

Answer:   Reproduction is essential for continuation of the species from generation to generation.

2: What do you mean by vegetative propagation? Explain with example.

Answer:   Vegetative propagation is the ability of plants to reproduce by using vegetative parts like roots, stems and leaves. example: Yeast, Hydra, Bryophyllum reproduce by budding, algae and fungi reproduce by spores

3: What is sexual reproduction? Explain with example.

Answer:   Sexual reproduction is the process in which two components male and female are involved to produce offspring of their own kind. The flower is a reproductive organ of a flowering plant.

4: Why are there so many varieties of fruits?

Answer:   Fruits develop by many ways so there are many varieties of fruits. For example, some fruits develop without the act of fertilization. Such fruits are called arthenocarpic fruits. E.g. seedless grapes, guava, mango etc.

4: Explain different parts of a flower?

Answer:  Following are the parts of flowers: Sepal: Green leafy part of flower that protect flower in bud condition. Petal: Coloured leafy part of flower that attract insect for pollination Stamen: The male parts of flower that contain pollen grain Pistil: The female parts of flower that contain ovary at bottom

5: Explain vegetative propagation.

Answer:   It is a type of asexual reproduction in which new plants are produced from roots, stems, leaves and buds. Since reproduction is through the vegetative parts of the plant, it is known as vegetative propagation. The plants like rose or champa can be propagated through Vegetative propagation.

6: How is zygote formed in plants?

Answer:   When male gamete present in pollen grain moves into ovules and fuse with female egg cell inside ovules and zygote is formed .This process is called fertilization.

7: How does Differentiate between self-pollination and cross-pollination.

Answer:   After pollination, pollen grain germinates on the stigma and moves through style to reach into ovules and fuse with female gamete, thus fertilization occurs. In side ovary, the ovule develops into seed. As seed forms, the ovary increases in size and became fruit.

8: Explain flower of a plant.

9: How does fertilization occur in flower? Where and how are seeds formed in plants?

Answer:   In asexual reproduction plants can give rise to new plants without seeds, whereas in sexual reproduction, new plants are obtained from seeds.

10: Explain reproduction in plants by fragmentation.

Answer:   Pollination is of two types, self-pollination and cross-pollination. In self-pollination, pollen grains are transferred from the anther to the stigma of the same flower. In cross-pollination, pollen grains are transferred from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower of the same kind.

11: Write short notes on sexual reproduction in plants.

Answer:   Ferns reproduce by releasing spores that germinate into young ones.

12: Differentiate between asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction in plants.

13: How does an alga reproduce?

Answer:   Algae reproduce by a method known as fragmentation. The breaking down of filaments into fragments that grow into young ones is called fragmentation.

14: How does yeast reproduce?

Answer:   Yeast reproduces by a process called budding. A small bulb-like projection that comes out from the yeast is known as a bud. This bud grows and detaches itself from the parent cell, and then grows independently as a new plant.

15: Explain reproduction in Bryophyllum.

Answer:   Bryophyllum propagates vegetatively by the formation of leaf buds on the margins of a leaf. When the buds come in contact with moist soil, each bud is capable of growing into a new plant.

16: Differentiate between unisexual flower and bisexual flower?

Answer:   Bisexual flowers have both male and female reproductive structures, including stamens, carpels, and an ovary. Examples of plants having bisexual flowers include the lily, rose etc.

Flower that is either functionally male or functionally female that is the flower which contains either only the pistil or only the stamens are called unisexual flower.

17: How can we grow a new rose plant from the parent plant?

Answer:   A new rose plant can be grown by cutting off a part of the stem of an existing plant, with two or more nodes, and planting it in the ground. A node is a part of the stem from where a leaf grows. This stem grows into a new rose plant.

Long Answer Type Questions

1: Explain different modes of Unisexual reproduction?

Answer:   Modes of reproduction that evolve only one parent is called Unisexual reproduction.

(a) Fission: The mode of reproduction in which unicellular organism split into two equal halves and produce new ones is called binary fission. For example amoeba and bacteria

(b) Fragmentation: The mode of reproduction in which body of plant breaks up into smaller fragments and each fragment grows into a new individual is known as Fragmentation, e.g. Spirogyra, algae.

(c) Budding: The mode of reproduction in which small buds develop and get separated and matured into new organisms is called Budding. E.g. Yeast, Hydra, Bryophyllum.

(d) Spore formation: The mode of reproduction takes place by means of spores is called spore formation, eg. algae and fungi

The spores are covered by thick walls that protect them until they come into contact with another moist surface and can begin to grow.

2: How does sexual reproduction take place in flowering plants?

Answer:   The sexual reproduction in flowering plants involves pollination and fertilization.

Pollination: Transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma is called pollination. Pollen grains are transferred mainly by wind, water and insects. They are called as pollinating agents.

Fertilization: The fusion of a male gamete with egg is known as fertilization. The fertilized egg is known as zygote which develops into embryo.

3: Explain three artificial methods of Vegetative Propagation.

Answer:  

• Cutting: Here the cuttings of the “parent” plant are removed and placed in a suitable environment so that they can grow into a whole new plant. For example rose cutting.
• Layering: The stem is bent down and the target region buried in the soil. The buried part of stem develops roots and is detached from the plant and develops into new plant.
• Grafting: In grafting a shoot or bud of a selected, desired plant (scion) is grafted onto the stock of another type of plant.

4: State the advantages of vegetative reproduction?

Answer:   Following are the advantages of vegetative reproduction:

• Vegetative production allows plants to produce new plants quickly without any reproductive organs.
• The plants produced by this method are exact copies of the parent plant.
• New varieties of plants having required characteristics can be developed by this method.

5: Explain different types of pollination found in flowering plants.

Answer:   Pollination is of two types. They are:

• Self-pollination: The transfer of pollen grains from the anther of a flower to the stigma of the same flower or another flower of the same plant is known as self-pollination or autogamy.
• Cross pollination: The transfer of pollen grains of a flower to the stigma of another flower of a different plant of the same species is called cross pollination or allogamy

6: Show self-pollination and cross pollination via a labelled diagram.

Answer:   In ponds, or in other stagnant water bodies, the algae which looks like slimy green patches over the water surface use asexual reproduction for its growth. When water and nutrients are available algae grow and multiply rapidly by fragmentation. An alga breaks up into two or more fragments. These fragments or pieces grow into new individuals. This process continues and they cover a large area in a short period of time.

7: Describe the various ways by which seeds are dispersed.

Answer:   Tiny organisms like yeast which can be seen only under a microscope, grow and multiply every few hours if sufficient nutrients are made available to them. The yeast is a single-celled organism. The small bulb-like projection coming out from the yeast cell is called a bud. The bud gradually grows and gets detached from the parent cell and forms a new yeast cell. The new yeast cell grows, matures and produces more yeast cells. If this process continues, a large number of yeast cells are produced in a short time.

8: How does the process of fertilisation take place in flowers?

Answer:   The spores are asexual reproductive bodies. Each spore is covered by a hard protective coat to withstand unfavourable conditions such as high temperature and low humidity. So they can survive for a long time. Under favourable conditions, a spore germinates and develops into a new individual. Examples: Plants such as fungi, moss and ferns also reproduce by means of spores.

9: How does a fern reproduce?

Answer:   In sexual reproduction, new plants are obtained from seeds. The flowers are the reproductive parts of a plant. The stamens are the male reproductive part and the pistil is the female reproductive part. A pistil consists of stigma, style and ovary. The ovary contains one or more ovules. The transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of a flower is called pollination. The female gamete or the egg is formed in an ovule. In sexual reproduction a male and a female gamete fuse to form a zygote. The process of fusion of male and female gametes is called fertilisation. The zygote develops into an embryo. After fertilisation, the ovary grows into a fruit and other parts of the flower fall off. The fruit is the ripened ovary. The seeds develop from the ovules. The seed contains an embryo enclosed in a protective seed coat. Seeds and fruits of plants are carried away by wind, water and animals and reproduced again on the grounds.

10: Explain reproduction in plants by spore formation.

Answer:   Seed are dispersed by wind, water and animals. Winged seeds such as those of drumstick and maple, light seeds of grasses and hairy fruit of sunflower, get blown off with the wind to faraway places. Some seeds are dispersed by water. These fruits or seeds usually develop floating ability in the form of spongy or fibrous outer coat as in coconut. Some seeds are dispersed by animals, especially spiny seeds with hooks which get attached to the bodies of animals and are carried to distant places. Examples are Xanthium and Urena. Some seeds are dispersed when the fruits burst with sudden jerks. The seeds are scattered far from the parent plant. This happens in the case of castor and balsam.

11: Write short notes on reproduction in plants by vegetative propagation.

Answer:   The flowers are the reproductive parts of a plant. The stamens are the male reproductive part and the pistil is the female reproductive part. A pistil consists of stigma, style and ovary. The ovary contains one or more ovules. The transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of a flower is called pollination. The female gamete or the egg is formed in an ovule. This process of fusion of male and female gametes in flowers is called fertilisation to form zygote. The zygote develops into an embryo. After fertilisation, the ovary grows into a fruit and other parts of the flower fall off. The fruit is the ripened ovary. The seeds develop from the ovules. The seed contains an embryo enclosed in a protective seed coat. Seeds and fruits of plants are carried away by wind, water and animals and reproduced again on the grounds.

12: Explain sexual reproduction in plants.

Answer:  In sexual reproduction, new plants are obtained from seeds. The flowers are the reproductive parts of a plant. The stamens are the male reproductive part and the pistil is the female reproductive part. A pistil consists of stigma, style and ovary. The ovary contains one or more ovules. The transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of a flower is called pollination. The female gamete or the egg is formed in an ovule. In sexual reproduction a male and a female gamete fuse to form a zygote. The process of fusion of male and female gametes (to form a zygote) is called fertilisation. The zygote develops into an embryo. After fertilisation, the ovary grows into a fruit and other parts of the flower fall off. The fruit is the ripened ovary. The seeds develop from the ovules. The seed contains an embryo enclosed in a protective seed coat. Seeds and fruits of plants are carried away by wind, water and animals and reproduced again on the grounds.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 8 - Reproduction In Plants

• NCERT Solutions
• Chapter 12 Reproduction In Plants

NCERT Solutions for Science Chapter 8 Reproduction in Plants Class 7 - FREE PDF Download

In Chapter 8, Reproduction In Plants Class 7, students delve into the mechanisms of plant reproduction. This chapter discusses how plants propagate, ranging from the simplest methods like vegetative propagation to the more complex processes such as sexual reproduction. By studying the details of flower structure, pollination, fertilisation, and seed formation, students gain profound insights into the life cycle of plants. Reproduction In Plants Class 7 Questions And Answers helps students master the concepts presented in the chapter. Through NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science , students can reinforce their understanding of plant reproduction mechanisms and clarify their doubts.

Download Vedantu's Class 7 Science Chapter 8 Question Answer PDF, revised to align with the Class 7 Science syllabus . Start your academic journey with Vedantu and pave your way towards academic excellence.

Quick Insights into Chapter 8 Reproduction in Plants Class 7 PDF

Class 7 Science Chapter 8 PDF provides insights into the diverse mechanisms of plant reproduction that ensure their survival. 

Class 7 Science Chapter 8 explains plant reproduction's fundamental processes, including sexual and asexual modes, enabling students to understand plant life cycles. 

Reproduction In Plants Class 7 Solutions explores the anatomy of flowers, explaining the structures involved in sexual reproduction in flowering plants, such as the stigma, style, ovary, and stamen. 

Class 7 Science Chapter 8 PDF offers students a comprehensive understanding of how plants reproduce and disseminate offspring in their environment by exploring concepts like pollination, fertilisation, seed formation, and dispersal. 

Reproduction In Plants Class 7 Solutions offers detailed answers to questions, facilitating comprehensive exam preparation and enhancing conceptual clarity. 

Vedantu provides additional learning resources, including class notes, diagrams, and exemplar solutions, to reinforce understanding and ensure mastery of key botanical concepts.

Access NCERT Solutions for Science Class 7 Chapter 8 – Reproduction in Plants

1. Fill in the Blanks: (a) Production of a new individual from the vegetative parts of the parent is called __________ . Ans: Vegetative propagation

(b) A flower may have either male or female reproductive parts. Such a flower is called ________ . Ans: Unisexual flowers

(c) The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the same or of another flower of the same kind is known as________. Ans: Pollination

(d) The fusion of male and female gametes is termed as_________. Ans : Fertilisation

(e) Seed dispersal takes place by means of _____ , _____ and ______ . Ans : Wind, insect, water

2. Describe the different methods of asexual reproduction. Give examples. Ans: Different methods of asexual reproduction are:

a. Vegetative Propagation: In the vegetative propagation method growth of new plants takes place from the stem, root, or leaf of the plant. Examples of plants showing vegetative reproduction are ginger, potatoes.

b. Fragmentation: In the fragmentation method, the body of plants divides into two or more than two fragments and these fragments grow to form independent plants. Example of a plant showing a fragmentation method is algae.

c. Budding: In the budding method small bulb projects out from the yeast cell known as the bud which grows and then disconnects from the plant to create a new organism. Examples showing the budding method are yeast, hydra.

d. Spore Formation: When the bread is present in the open air, the fungi present in the bread grow. This is known as spore formation. Examples showing spore formation are ferns, fungi.

3. Explain what you understand by sexual reproduction. Ans: Sexual reproduction is a mode of reproduction in plants. In sexual reproduction male gametes and female gametes fuse together with each other to form a zygote which grows into a new plant/organism.

4. State the main difference between asexual and sexual reproduction. Ans: The difference between asexual and sexual reproduction is shown below.

5. Sketch the reproductive parts of a flower. Ans: The pistil is the female part of the flower which includes stigma, style and ovary. Inside the ovary, ovules are present. Stamen is the male part of the flower which contains anther and filament. The anther contains pollen.

6. Explain the difference between self-pollination and cross-pollination. Ans: The difference between self-pollination and cross-pollination is shown below.

7. How does the process of fertilization take place in flowers? Ans:

During pollination when the pollen grains reach the stigma of the flower, a pollen tube is generated where the pollen runs down through the style to the ovary.

The pollen grains then fertilize the ovary which leads to the formation of a zygote. 

The formation of zygotes by the involvement of male and female gametes is known as fertilisation.

8. Describe the various ways by which seeds are dispersed. Ans: The various ways by which seeds are dispersed are: (a) Wind (b) Water (c) Insects (d) Animals (e) Birds The seeds which are lighter in weight and smaller in size are taken by the wind. The seeds which can float are taken by water. Seeds with spines are taken by animals and birds.

9. Match items in Column I with those in Column II:

10. Tick ( ) the correct answer: (a) The reproductive part of a plant is the

(i) Leaf (ii) Stem (iii) Root (iv) Flower

Ans: (iv) Flower

(b)The process of fusion of the male and female gametes is called

(i) Fertilisation

(ii) Pollination

(iii) Reproduction

(iv) Seed formation

Ans: (i) Fertilisation

(c) Mature ovary forms the

(ii) Stamen

(iii) Pistil

Ans: (iv) Fruit

(d) A spore-producing plant is

(ii) Bread mould

(iii) Potato (iv) Ginger

Ans: (ii) Bread mould

(e)Bryophyllum can reproduce by its

(ii) Leaves

(iv) Flowers

Ans: (ii) Leaves

Reproduction in Plants Class 7 Quick Overview of Detailed Structure of Topics 

Reproduction in Plants Class 7 PDF - Important Points

Modes of Reproduction : Plants reproduce through both sexual and asexual modes. Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes, while asexual reproduction occurs without the involvement of gametes.

Asexual Reproduction : Asexual reproduction in plants involves the production of new individuals from vegetative parts like roots, stems, and leaves. Common methods of asexual reproduction include budding, fragmentation, and spore formation.

Budding : A form of asexual reproduction in which a new organism develops as an outgrowth, or bud, on the parent organism. Budding is commonly observed in organisms such as yeast, hydra, and some plants like Bryophyllum.

Fragmentation : Fragmentation is a method of asexual reproduction in which an organism breaks into fragments, each of which can grow into a new individual. This process is common in organisms like algae, fungi, and some plants. 

Spore Formation : Spore formation is a type of asexual reproduction in which specialised reproductive cells called spores are produced by an organism. Spore formation is common in fungi, algae, mosses, ferns, and some bacteria. 

Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants : Flowers are the reproductive organs of flowering plants. They contain both male (stamen) and female (pistil) reproductive parts. The male part produces pollen grains containing male gametes (sperm), while the female part contains ovules with female gametes (eggs).

Pollination : Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of a flower. It can occur through various agents like wind, water, animals (insects, birds, bats), or even self-pollination within the same flower.

Fertilisation : Fertilization is the fusion of a pollen grain with an ovule, forming a zygote. After fertilisation, the ovule develops into a seed containing the embryo plant.

Seed Formation and Dispersal : The ovule develops into a seed after fertilisation. Seeds are dispersed through various means, such as wind, water, animals, and gravity to ensure the spread of plants to new locations.

Advantages of Reproduction in Plants : Reproduction ensures the continuation of plant species and promotes genetic diversity. Asexual reproduction allows the rapid multiplication of plants with desirable traits, while sexual reproduction promotes genetic variation through the mixing of genetic material.

Benefits of Vedantu’s Class 7 Science Chapter 8 Reproduction in Plants Question Answer

Reproduction In Plants Class 7 Questions and Answers delve into the mechanisms of plant reproduction, covering topics such as sexual and asexual reproduction.

Class 7 Science Chapter 8 Reproduction In Plants Question Answer provides a comprehensive understanding of how plants propagate and ensure the continuation of their species.

Class 7 Science Chapter 8 Question Answer PDF offers detailed explanations of the modes of reproduction in plants and the role of flowers in sexual reproduction, making it easier for students to grasp the concepts effectively. 

With clear explanations and illustrative diagrams, students can better visualise the different reproductive structures and understand their functions.

Class 7 Science Chapter 8 Question Answer discusses various aspects of plant reproduction, helping students comprehend the significance of pollination, fertilisation, and seed dispersal in the life cycle of plants. 

Reproduction In Plants Class 7 Solutions is prepared to help students prepare for exams by offering practice questions and answers that enhance their problem-solving skills and boost their confidence. 

Important Study Materials for Reproduction in Plants Class 7

Vedantu’s NCERT Solutions for Science Chapter 8, Reproduction in Plants  Class 7, offers a vital tool for students to understand plant reproduction easily. It emphasises crucial aspects like the different methods of reproduction in plants, including sexual and asexual reproduction. Focus on understanding plant structures involved in reproduction, such as flowers and seeds. Previous year question papers typically include around 4-6 questions from this chapter, underlining its importance in exams. By utilising these solutions, students can grasp the concepts effectively, enhance their knowledge, and confidently tackle questions related to plant reproduction in their exams.

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Important Study Materials for Class 7 Science

For complete preparation of Science for CBSE Class 7 exams, check out the following links for different study materials available at Vedantu.

FAQs on NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 8 - Reproduction In Plants

1. Do NCERT Solutions Class 7 Science Chapter 8 Reproduction in Plants Involve Answers to the Exercise Questions?

NCERT Solution for Class 7th Science Chapter 8 Reproduction in Plants comes in the form of a complete solution guide to students with properly labelled diagrams and answering format to all the exercise questions. NCERT Solution for Class 7th Science Chapter 8 Reproduction in Plants also includes extra exercises that allow students to practice more and develop regular study habits.

2. Explain sexual reproduction in plants from Chapter 8 of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science.

Sexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that is introduced in Chapter 8 of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science. In plants, sexual reproduction is a way of reproduction. Male and female gametes fuse together to produce a zygote, which develops into a new plant/organism during sexual reproduction. In sexual reproduction, both parents participate in the reproductive process. The newly created creature is distinct from its parents. Gamete creation occurs during sexual reproduction.

3. Do the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 8:  Reproduction In Plants provide accurate answers?

Yes, the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 8 provide accurate answers. If students use NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 8 Reproduction in Plants, they will be able to solve all of their doubts about the chapter's numerous ideas. Students must grasp how plants reproduce in various forms, the structure of seed, the essential circumstances for germination, and numerous mechanisms of seed distribution in order to study Class 7 Science Chapter 8 Reproduction in Plants. So, if students refer to NCERT Solutions Class 7 Science Chapter 8 Reproduction in Plants, they will be able to comprehend many difficult topics such as Sexual and Asexual forms of Reproduction in Plants in very simple terms.

4. List the important topics covered in the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 8.

The important topics covered in the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 8 are Modes of Reproduction, Asexual reproduction, types of asexual reproduction - vegetative propagation, budding, fragmentation and spore formation; sexual reproduction, types of sexual reproduction - pollination, seed dispersal and fertilization. Chapter 8 focuses on the reproduction in plants and it talks about the types of reproduction, mainly sexual and asexual. There is extensive characterisation provided in the NCERT Solutions for all these topics that will help you understand them better.

5. What are the benefits of NCERT Solutions of Chapter 8 of Class 7 Science?

Science is a topic that should be studied throughout one's life, not only in school. Students must thus study hard and practise writing in order to achieve good results. Only textbooks and supplementary notes can help you with the appropriate format for answering questions. As a result, NCERT Solutions Class 7 Science Chapter 8 Reproduction in Plants is essential. These solutions are available on Vedantu’s official website (vedantu.com) and mobile app free of cost.

To do well in final exams, they must be knowledgeable in all topics. As a result, remedies will be quite beneficial in this situation.

6. How can we study Chapter 8 of Class 7 Science?

Students must grasp how plants reproduce in various forms, the structure of seed, the essential circumstances for germination, and numerous mechanisms of seed distribution in order to study Class 7 Science Chapter 8 Reproduction in Plants. Different types of reproduction, Sexual reproduction, Seeds and fruits development, and Seed distribution are some of the key themes covered in this chapter and they must be studied thoroughly. You can start off by doing the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 8 Reproduction in Plants as they give a detailed explanation of all subjects with appropriate examples and illustrations to illustrate the material.

7. What are the two main types of reproduction in plants?

The two main types of reproduction in plants are:

Asexual Reproduction: Involves a single parent and produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.

Sexual Reproduction: Involves two parents and produces offspring that are genetically different from the parents.

• CBSE Class 7 Science Chapter 12 – Reproduction in Plants Class 7 Notes

Reproduction in Plants Class 7 CBSE Revision Notes

In reproduction in plants class 7 Notes, we will study about Reproduction in plants class 7 notes. We will study the two modes of reproduction in plants: asexual and sexual. Moreover, we will come to know about several methods of asexual reproduction such as fragmentation, budding, spore formation, and vegetative propagation. Then, we will learn about sexual reproduction in plants. Thus, we will learn that flower is the reproductive part of a plant. Also, a flower may be unisexual or it can be bisexual. Then, we will study male and female gametes. Also, we will learn about Pollination and its two types, self-pollination and cross-pollination. Also, we will know that pollination takes place in plants with the help of wind, water, and insects. Moreover, we will learn the concept of fertilization. We will understand that a fertilized egg is called a zygote. The zygote develops into an embryo.

Then, we will learn about fruits and seeds formation in reproduction in plants class 7 notes . Also, we will learn about the dispersal of seeds. Moreover, we will gain information that seed dispersal is aided by the wind, water, and animals. Also, it helps the plants to (i) prevent overcrowding, (ii) avoid competition for sunlight, water and minerals and (iii) invade new habitats.

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Sub-Topics Covered Under Reproduction in Plants:

• Asexual reproduction : In this, we will study the several methods of asexual reproduction such as fragmentation, budding, spore formation, and vegetative propagation.
• Sexual reproduction : In this, we will study about sexual reproduction in plants. Also, we will learn the concept of Pollination and Fertilization.
• Vegetative Propagation : In this, we will learn about the asexual reproduction in plants through the vegetative parts of the plant.

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Class 7 Science Revision Notes

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Reproduction in Plants Class 7 Notes Science Chapter 12

January 27, 2024 by Sastry CBSE

CBSE Class 7 Science Notes Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants Pdf free download is part of Class 7 Science Notes for Quick Revision. Here we have given NCERT Class 7 Science Notes Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants.

CBSE Class 7 Science Notes Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants

All the living organisms including plants and animals have the capability to produce new individuals during their lifespan. This process of producing a new organism from the existing organism (or the parent) of the same species is called reproduction. The new individuals produced, are the copies of their parents. The process of reproduction is one of the important life processes and is essential for the continuity of the species.

Thus, reproduction makes the life continuous which is not only essential for the survival of an organism but it is also very necessary for the perpetuation and preservation of the species because it increases the number of members of a species.

Modes of Reproduction The various parts of a plant such as roots stem and leaves each with a specific function is called vegetative parts. After a certain period of growth, plants bear flowers. These flowers develop into fruits and seeds.

The parts of a plant that participate in the process of sexual reproduction are called reproductive parts or organs. In plants, the reproductive parts are a flower which may have the male or female part or both the parts on the same flower. Different organisms reproduce in a different way. In plants, there are two different methods of reproduction:

• Asexual reproduction
• Sexual reproduction

The term ‘sexual’ means involving the fusion of sex cells or gametes while ‘asexual’ means without involving the fusion of gametes.

Asexual Reproduction The process in which only one parent is involved in the production of new individuals of the same kind is called asexual reproduction. In plants, asexual reproduction results in the formation of offsprings or new plants without seeds or spores. Asexual reproduction in plants occurs through the following methods:

• Vegetative propagation
• Fragmentation
• Spore formation

1. Vegetative Propagation It is the formation of new plants from vegetative units of bud, stem, etc. These vegetative units are called propagules. Vegetative reproduction may take place using various plant parts as given below:

(i) Vegetative Reproduction by Stem The stems or branches of the plant normally bear buds in the axils. The buds that are present in the axil (i.e. the point of attachment of leaf at the node) develops into the shoot. These are called vegetative buds.

The vegetative buds can give rise to a new plant. These buds consist of a short stem around which immature overlapping leaves are folded. These can produce a new plant by vegetative propagation.

Methods to Vegetative Reproduction by Stem (i) New plants are obtained from the stem by the cutting method. In this method, the small part of stem is removed by making a cut with a sharp knife. The stem cutting must have some buds on it. Now the lower end of stem cutting is buried in the moist soil. The upper part of cutting having bud on it, is kept above the soil. After few days, this cutting develops new roots. The bud grows and produces a shoot (i.e. branches with leaves). Thus, a new plant is produced which is exactly similar to the parent plant, e.g. rose, champa, grapes, sugarcane, banana, cactus, etc.

(ii) Another method of vegetative reproduction in stem is by layering. In this method, a mature branch of parent plant is bent down and covered with soil. The tip of the plant is kept above the ground. The root develops from the branches and grows into a new plant. Layering method is usually done in the plants that have long and slender branches, e.g. jasmine.

(ii) Vegetative Reproduction by Leaves When the leaf of some plants are hurried into the moist soil, the cut edges or margins of leaves develop a new plants that resemble to the parent, e.g. Bryopbyllum or sprout leaf plant.

(iii) Vegetative Reproduction by Roots and Bulbs In some plants like sweet potato, dahlia, etc, a new plant develops through their roots and bulbs.

Note: Plants like cacti produces new plants when their parts get detached from the main plant body. Each detached part can grow into a new plant.

Advantages of Vegetative Propagation

• Plants produced with vegetative reproduction takes less time to grow and bear flower and fruits earlier than those produced from seeds.
• The new plants are the exact copies of parent plant because they are produced from a single parent.

2. Budding In this process, a daughter individual is formed from a small projection on parent body called a bud. Most of the fungi-like, yeast reproduce by budding. Yeast grow and multiply in every few hours, if provided with sufficient nutrients and favourable condition.

Sexual Reproduction Flowers are the reproductive part of a plant. They help the plants in sexual reproduction and producing fruits and seeds. In sexual reproduction, a male cell is produced by the male part of a flower which fuses with a female cell produced by the female part of the flower. These cells are called gametes, which when combined form a zygote by the process called fertilisation.

Parts of a Flower The main parts of a flower are (i) Sepals These are the green leaf-like outermost circle of the flower. All the sepals are together referred to as calyx. The function of the calyx is to protect the flower when it is in bud form.

(ii) Petals These are the colourful and most attractive part of the flower. These lie inside the sepals. All the petals are together referred to as corolla. These are scented and attract insects for pollination.

(iii) Stamen It is a male reproductive organ of a plant. These are the little stalks with swollen top and lies inside the ring of petals. The stamen is made up of two parts, i.e. filament and another. The stalk of stamen is called filament and the swollen top of stamen is called anther.

The anther contains the pollen grain which have male gamete in it. Pollen grains are exposed when the anther ripens and splits. These appear as the yellow powder like substance which is sticky in nature. Flowers usually have a number of stamens in it.

(iv) Pistil It is the female reproductive part of a flower that lies in the centre of a flower. These are a flask-shaped structure which is made up of three parts, i.e. stigma, style and ovary.

Types of Flower On the basis of the type of reproductive organs present in a flower, the flowers are of following types: (i) Unisexual flower: The flower which contains only one reproductive organ (i.e. either male or female) are called unisexual flowers. These are also called as an incomplete flower, e.g. papaya, watermelon, corn, cucumber, etc.

(ii) Bisexual flower: The flower that contains both reproductive parts (i.e. male and female) in a single flower are called a bisexual flower. These are also termed as hermaphrodites or complete flower, e.g. rose, mustard, Hibiscus, etc.

Function of a Flower The function of a flower is to make male and female gametes and also to ensure that fertilisation would take place for the seed formation. During sexual reproduction male and female gametes fuse to form the zygote.

Pollination The transfer of pollen grains from the anther of a stamen to the stigma of a pistil is called pollination. Pollination takes place in two different ways: (i) Self-pollination: When the pollen grain from the anther of one flower reaches to the stigma of the same ‘ flower, it is called self-pollination. Self-pollination generally occurs in a bisexual flower.

Agents of Pollination The process of pollination is carried out by some external agencies like wind, water, insects, birds, etc. These are called agents of pollination.

Fertilisation The process in which the male gamete fuses with the female gamete to form a new cell (called zygote) is called fertilisation.

Fruit and Seed Formation After the fertilisation, the ovary grows into the fruit and the ovule develops into the seeds. The outer parts of the flower, i.e. petals, sepals and stamen become dry and fall off. Stigma and style also fall off leaving ovary on the receptacle. The zygote inside the ovary gets its food from the ovule and grows by cell division to form an embryo. Parts of the ovule develop into the seed covering or seed coat.

Fruits are the ripened ovary of a flower. Which protect the seed. Some fruits are fleshy and juicy, e.g. mango, apple and orange, while some are hard like almonds and walnuts.

Seed Dispersal Seeds are developed from the ovule. Seeds contain an embryo enclosed in a protective seed coat. Plants produce a large number of seeds. When these seeds fall down, they start growing. If a large number of seeds falls on the same place, they will not get enough space for water and light, and will not develop into a healthy plant. Thus, the seeds are moved away by some external agencies to far off places.

The process by which the seeds are scattered to different places (far and wide from their parents) is called dispersal. The seeds and fruits are dispersed away through various agencies like wind, water, birds and some animals. Sometime seed dispersal takes place naturally by the explosion or bursting of fruits.

Seed Dispersing Agents Wind, water, animals, birds and humans are the dispersing agents of seeds. These are described below:

Dispersal by Wind or Air The seeds that are very light and have wing or hair-like structure on them, are easily carried away by the blowing wind, e.g. seeds of maple, drumstick have wings, seeds of Madar or oak have hairs on them, cottonseed also possess hairs on them, while seeds of grasses, orchids, begonia are very small and light. These seeds can be easily carried away by the wind and dispersed away from their natural habitat.

Dispersal by Water The seeds of some plants that have an outer fibrous or spongy covering are dispersed through water. They have the ability to float in the water and drift along with its flow, e.g. seeds of water lily, lotus, chestnut (singhara) and coconut are dispersed through water. The coconut fruits have a fibrous outer coat which enables them to float in water and carried away by flowing water to far off places.

Dispersal by Birds The birds eat fruits along with the seeds. These seeds have hard outer covering. The seeds are dispersed to some other place through the bird’s faeces. The digestive enzymes present in the digestive system of birds helps in dissolving the hard seed coat and when they are released or excreted along with the faeces, they germinate, e.g. neem seeds are dispersed by the bird’s faeces.

Dispersal by Animals Some seeds have hooks or spines which get attached to the fur or body of the grazing animals. When these animals move to a distant place, the seeds get dispersed (while animal rub their body surface), e.g. fruit of Xantbium and Urena plants are covered by numerous hooks which attach to the animal’s fur and are dispersed with them. Along with the fruits, the seeds also get dispersed.

Dispersal by Explosion or Bursting of Fruits Sometimes fruits mature and a strain is produced in their walls. This produces a sudden jerk causing fruits to break open, thus allowing the seeds to scatter far away from their parent plants. Due to the explosion of fruit, the seeds are thrown away from the plant with a great force in all direction, e.g. castor plant burst suddenly with a jerk and scatter the seeds far away from the parent plant. Similarly, fruit of balsam is also dispersed through the explosion mechanism.

Benefits of Seed Dispersals

• Seed dispersal avoids overcrowding of young plants around their parent plants.
• It helps in preventing competition between the plants and its own seedlings for sunlight, water and minerals.
• One of the benefits of seed dispersal is that it enables the plant to grow into new habitats for wider distribution and provides them with a better chance of survival.

Germination of Seed A seed contains a plant embryo in a resting state which begin to grow only under favourable conditions. The process by which seeds begin to grow is called seed germination. It is the growth of a plant from its seed. When the seed germinates, the seed coat splits and a tiny root called radicle grows downward and shoot called plumule starts growing upwards. This produces seedling of the plant.

The seedling grows faster and ultimately forms a new plant. When the plant starts maturing, it bears flower which again produces seed and fruits. This cycle continues to produce more offsprings for the preservation of a species.

We hope the given CBSE Class 7 Science Notes Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants Pdf free download will help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Class 7 Science Notes Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

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Reproduction in Plants NCERT Solutions – Class 7 Science

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Reproduction in plants is one of the most vital chapters of Class 7 Science. It has many complicated concepts which require a clear understanding.  We recommend Extramarks  NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 12 that will help students to get an overview of the chapter with diagrams and illustrations to retain information and help them excel in their exams. Extramarks offers clear and concise solutions for students’ reference. Students can refer to these during their exam preparations, revisions, and  even help with their assignments. It’s beneficial for all the students irrespective of their level.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 12 

Access ncert solutions for class 7 science chapter no. 12 – reproduction in plants, why do we need ncert solution for class 7th science chapter 12 reproduction in plants.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants

Reproduction in plants is nothing but the production of new offspring in plants. In the chapter, students will learn about the two kinds of reproduction in plants namely, sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction.

Some of the important topics in this chapter include modes of reproduction, ways of sexual reproduction, vegetative propagation, pollination, fertilisation, fragmentation, spore formation, fruits and seed formation, and seed dispersal.

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Q.1 Fill in the blanks: (a) Production of new individuals from the vegetative part of parent is called _____________. (b) A flower may have either male or female reproductive parts. Such a flower is called _____________. (c) The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the same or of another flower of the same kind is known as _____________. (d) The fusion of male and female gametes is termed as _____________. (e) Seed dispersal takes place by means of _____________, _____________ and _____________.

(a) Vegetative propagation (b) Unisexual flower (c) Self-pollination (d) Fertilisation (e) wind, water and animals

Q.2 Describe the different methods of asexual reproduction. Give examples.

There are four different methods of asexual reproduction which are as follows:

Fragmentation- In this process, an organism, like algae, breaks down into two or more fragments and each fragment gives rise to a new individual. For example, Spirogyra undergoes fragmentation as shown below:

Q.3 Explain what you understand by sexual reproduction.

Sexual reproduction is the process of producing offspring by an organism with involvement of male and female sexes. It involves fusion of male and female gametes that leads to the formation of zygote. The male and female gametes are produced by male and female flower parts, respectively. Male part of the plant is stamen that bears male gametes inside the pollens and female part of the plant is pistil that bears ovary containing female gamete or ovum. Pollens fall on stigma of the flower and germinate to form pollen tubes containing male gametes. Pollen tube enters the ovary releasing male gametes. One of the gametes fuses with ovum and undergo fertilisation to form zygote, completing the process of sexual reproduction.

Sketch the reproductive parts of a flower.

Q.4 State the main difference between asexual and sexual reproduction.

In asexual reproduction, single parent gives rise to the offspring without producing seeds whereas, in sexual reproduction two parents of opposite sex participate to produce a seed from which a new individual emerges.

Q.5 Various male and female reproductive parts of the flower can be sketched as follows:

Q.6 How does the process of fertilisation take place in flowers?

The process of fertilisation takes place after pollination. Pollens on reaching the stigma of the flower germinate to form pollen tubes that carry male gametes. One of the male gametes fuses with female gamete on reaching ovary forming zygote.

Q.7 Explain the difference between self-pollination and cross-pollination.

In self-pollination, the pollens are deposited on the stigma of either the same flower or another flower on the same plant. In cross-pollination, pollens are deposited from one flower to another flower of the same kind, borne on another plant.

Q.8 Describe the various ways by which seeds are dispersed.

Seed are carried by wind, water and animals for dispersal.

1. Some seeds, which are light and have wings or hair, are easily carried away by wind. For example, seeds of maple have wings and seeds of madar have hair. 2. Some other seeds develop thick fibrous coating to acquire floating ability and are dispersed by water. For example, coconut seed has fibrous seed coat. 3. Some other plants produce seeds with hook-like structures or spines with the help of which they get attached to the bodies of animals and disperse to larger distances. For example, seeds of Xanthium and Urena have hooks and spines.

Q.9 Match items in Column I with those in Column II:

The correctly matched contents of Column I with Column II are as follows:

Q.10 Tick (√) the correct answer:

(a) The reproductive part of a plant is the (i) leaf (ii) stem (iii) root (iv) flower

(b) The process of fusion of the male and the female gametes is called (i) fertilisation (ii) pollination (iii) reproduction (iv) seed formation

(c) Mature ovary forms the (i) seed (ii) stamen (iii) pistil (iv) fruit

(d) A spore producing organism is (i) rose (ii) bread mould (iii) potato (iv) ginger

(e) Bryophyllum can reproduce by its (i) stem (ii) leaves (iii) roots (iv) flower

(a) The reproductive part of a plant is the (iv) flower. (b) The process of fusion of the male and the female gametes is called (i) fertilisation. (c) Mature ovary forms the (iv) fruit. (d) A spore producing plant is (ii) bread mould. (e) Bryophyllum can reproduce by its (ii) leaves.

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Faqs (frequently asked questions), 1. what do you understand by sexual reproduction in plants according to the chapter 12 of the class 7 science.

Sexual reproduction is the process through which plants reproduce. The male and the female gametes of the plants fuse to produce what is known as a zygote. This further develops into a new plant through the process of sexual reproduction. The new plant is distinct in many aspects from its parents.

2. What are the important topics covered in Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants?

Reproduction in plants covers a wide range range of topics such as vegetative propagation, modes of asexual reproduction, fragmentation, spore formation, budding, fertilisation, pollination, and many more. The reproduction in plants chapter deals with various ways of reproduction and must be understood well. To comprehend these concepts well, you can check out the NCERT Solutions Class 7 at Extramarks.

3. How can I prepare for the Chapter 12 of Class 7 Science?

The best way to prepare the chapter would be to first go through the entire chapter on your own.. Then try to answer all the textbook questions yourself.  Next, go through the entire exercise without the help of solutions. Once you are done, then pick up NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 12 by Extramarks and cross check all your answers. Pay  close attention to how subject experts have framed the solutions and try to incorporate the same  in your answers. . This will definitely help you to  write  better answers  in your  final exams as well.

4. Are NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Chapter 12 by Extramarks accurate?

Extramarks takes utmost care in maintaining the quality of these solutions. All the solutions are prepared by subject matter experts with  years of experience in their respective fields. They work conscientiously and diligently to prepare authentic, concise answers  with thorough explanations with examples, illustrations etc.so that students can understand better. Also, this way students  know how to write  in final exams to score well in academics.

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Reproduction in Plants

IMPORTANT TERMS

Unisexual flower           A flower that contains either male or female gametes.

Bisexual flower             A flower that contains both male and female reproductive cells.

Gametes                     The male and female reproductive cells are together known as gametes.

Fertilisation                  The fusion of male and female gametes is known as fertilisation.

Zygote                        The cell which results after fusion of the gametes is called a zygote.

Embryo                       Embryo is a multi-cellular structure present within the seed which eventually matures into a plant.

Spores                         Spores are single-celled or several-celled reproductive bodies.

Stamen                        Male reproductive part of a flower.

Pistil                            Female reproductive part of a flower.

Seed Dispersal             Process by which seeds are scattered or carried away from the parent plant

Pollination                    Transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma.

MODES OF REPRODUCTION

Reproduction is the process of producing young ones from their parents. A flower is the reproductive organ of a plant. There are several ways by which different plants reproduce. These are categorized into two types:

• Asexual Reproduction
• Sexual Reproduction

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

In asexual reproduction, the new plants are obtained without producing seeds. The formation of new plants takes place from the cells of a single parent, which can be a male parent or a female parent. The following are the common forms of asexual reproduction:

Budding is a type of asexual reproduction in which a small bulb-like cellular outgrowth, called bud, is formed from the cell. This bud keeps on increasing in size. Microorganisms such as yeast reproduce by budding. The yeast cell produces a bud which gets its own nucleus. The bud keeps on increasing in size and forms an independent organism which separates from the parent or mother cell. Budding is a characteristic of some unicellular organisms such as bacteria, protozoans and yeast.

In horticulture, the term  budding  refers to a method of plant propagation in which a bud of the plant to be propagated is grafted onto the stem of another plant.

Fragmentation

Fragmentation is a form of asexual reproduction. In this mode, plants such as algae break up into two or more fragments. Each fragment develops into a new plant.

Spore Formation

Spore formation is a form of asexual reproduction. Spores are single-celled or several-celled reproductive bodies. They are protected by a hard coat to withstand unfavourable conditions. When the conditions for germination are favourable, the spores germinate and develop into new plants. Some non-flowering plants such as ferns and mosses reproduce through spores. The spore-generating organs are frequently located on the undersides of leaves. The spores grow inside casings called  sporangia.

Vegetative Propagation

Vegetative propagation is a type of asexual reproduction in which a new plant is developed from the vegetative parts such as stem, leaf and root. It can be done by both natural and artificial methods.

Natural Methods of Propagation

Through Roots

Some plants reproduce by their roots. E.g. The tuberous roots of sweet potato and Dahlia give rise to new plants. The food is stored in the roots.

Through Stems

Vegetative propagation can take place through modified underground stems. Rhizomes, tubers, corms and bulbs help in the multiplication of plants.

A Rhizome is a modified underground stem that have buds from which outgrowths are produced which give rise to new plants. E.g. Ginger

Tuber is a type of modified underground stem. They have buds or eyes which develop into new plants. E.g. Potato

Bulbs are very short underground stems with fleshy leaves that function as food storage. Bulbs often function in reproduction by splitting to form new bulbs or producing small new bulbs. E.g. Onion, Garlic

Corms are lot of rhizomes joined together which grow into new plants. E.g. Colocasia.

Through Leaves

Leaves of some plants develop small buds on their margin. These buds grow into new plant after falling on the ground. Bryophyllum is a plant which produces new plants from the bud in its leaves.

Artificial Methods of Propagation

In this method, a young branch of a plant is cut off and placed in moist soil. After some time, this branch develops roots at the base and grows into a new plant. This method is mostly used in rose, sugarcane and Bougainvillea.

Layering is an artificial method in which a branch is lowered down and bent towards the ground and covered by moist soil forming a layer. After some time, roots arise from the covered part and grow downwards. The branch can be separated from the parent plant and allowed to grow into a new plant. Grapes, jasmine and bougainvillea are propagated by this method.

Grafting is an artificial method used to develop new varieties of plants. In this method, the upper plant or the scion of one plant is placed over the roots of another plant called the stock. The scion and the stock are tied together. Gradually a new variety of plant develops. This method is commonly used in rose, mango, guava and other fruit plants.

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

In sexual reproduction new plants are obtained from the seeds. It involves two parents and the fusion of male and female reproductive cells to form a single cell.

Male Organs

The male reproductive part of a flower is called stamen. It has two parts: Anther and filament. Anther contains pollen grains which produce male gametes.

Female Organs

Pistil is the female reproductive part of a flower. It has three parts: stigma, ovary and style. The ovary contains one or more ovules. The female gametes or egg is formed in an ovule.

POLLINATION

Pollination is the process by which pollen grains are transferred from the anther (Male organ) of a flower to the stigma (Female organ) of the same flower or another flower.

Pollen grains are produced by anthers.

TYPES OF POLLINATION

Pollination is of two types:

Self-pollination

If the pollen grains are transferred from the anther to the stigma of the SAME flower, it is called self-pollination.

Cross-pollination

If the pollen grains are transferred from the anther of one flower to the stigma of ANOTHER flower, it is called cross-pollination.

AGENTS OF POLLINATION

The following are the common agents of pollination:-

Pollen grains of some flowers are very light and get easily blown away by the wind from the anthers of one flower to the stigma of another flower e.g. rice, wheat and maize.

Aquatic plants such as sea grass release their pollen grains into the water, which are carried to other flowers by water currents.

Insects feed on nectar produced by flowers. During feeding, some pollen stick to the body parts of the insects. When these insects feed at another flower, the pollen grains fall on the stigma where fertilization occurs.

FERTILISATION

The fusion of male and female gametes is known as fertilisation.

When male cells (pollens) are released into the ovule for the fertilisation with the female egg, the zygote is formed. After fertilization, the ovules change into seeds and the ovary enlarges and grows into a fruit. The other parts of the flower fall off.

GERMINATION

The process by which the embryo in the seed becomes active and grows into a new plant is called germination.

Seeds need right conditions to germinate which include adequate temperature, oxygen and water.

SEED DISPERSAL

The process by which seeds are scattered or carried away from the parent plant is known as seed dispersal. Seeds can be dispersed in a number of ways which include wind, water, animals etc.

Seeds which are light and have wing like structure or hair on them are dispersed by wind. E.g. Drumstick, Maple. Dandelion Seeds have radiating threads that form a parachute so that they can be carried to distant places by the wind.

Seeds are dispersed by the help of water. Seeds that have a spongy thick coat of fibre enables them to float and get carried away to far off places by water. E.g. Coconut, Lotus.

Seeds which have hooks or spines stick to our clothes or skin of animals and get scattered at different places. E.g. Xanthium

Some seeds are dispersed when the fruits burst with sudden jerk. The seeds pop out and get scattered. The fruits of pea, geranium, poppy and balsam burst open when they ripen.

Seed dispersal helps the plants to avoid overcrowding, prevent competition and enter new habitats.

INTERESTING FACTS

• Some plants such as orchids do not need soil to grow. They get all of their nutrients from the air.
• Flowers did not always exist; they first appeared 140 million years ago. Before that, ferns and cone bearing trees dominated the earth.
• Sunflowers move throughout the day in response to the movement of the sun from east to west.
• The white flower of the Amazon, water lily is the size of a football and turns purple after it has been pollinated.
• The century plant or agave grows only one flower after many years and then it dies.
• The seeds of proteas from South Africa germinate after they have been exposed to smoke.
• Some seeds are poisonous to humans, such as the peach stone, which contains cyanide.
• Dandelions are an excellent source of vitamins A and C, calcium, potassium and iron. Although looked upon as a weed, one cup provides almost 13,000 I.U. of vitamin A.
• The Moon flower only blooms at night.

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Notes of Ch 12 Reproduction in Plants Class 7th Science

Revision notes of ch 12 reproduction in plants class 7th science.

• What is reproduction?
• Mode of reproduction
• Asexual reproduction
• Sexual reproduction
• Pollination
• Fertilization
• Formation of fruits and seed:
• Seed dispersal

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Reproduction in Plants Class 7 Extra Questions and Answers Science Chapter 12

Reproduction in Plants Class 7 Extra Questions and Answers Science Chapter 12 PDF are solved by experts and will guide students in the right direction. Students can get how to tackle different questions easily by solving the Extra Questions for Class 7 Science Question bank on a regular basis.

Class 7 Science Chapter 12 Extra Questions and Answers Reproduction in Plants

Extra Questions for Class 7 Science Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants with Answers

Reproduction in Plants Class 7 Extra Questions Very Short Answer Type

Question 1. What is reproduction? Answer: The production of new individuals from their parents is known as reproduction.

Question 2. What is cutting? Answer: Cutting is to cut piece of a branch of a plant with a pode which is capable of*producing new plant under suitable conditions.

Question 3. Name one plant that can reproduce through leaves. Answer: Bryophyllum.

Question 4. What are the male and female reproductive part in plants? Answer: The stamens are the male reproductive part and the pistil is the female reproductive part in plants.

Question 5. What are unisexual flowers? Answer: The flowers which contain either only the pistil or the stamens are called unisexual flowers.

Question 6. What are bisexual flowers? Answer: The flowers which contain both stamens and pistil are called bisexual flowers.

Question 7. What is fruit? Answer: Mature ovary is called fruit.

Reproduction in Plants Class 7 Extra Questions Short Answer Type 1

Question 1. What are the vegetative parts of plant? Answer: Roots, stems and leaves are called the vegetative parts of a plant.

Question 2. Write the benefits of vegetative propagation. Answer: Benefits of vegetative propagation:

• Plants produced by vegetative propagation take less time to grow and bear flowers and fruits earlier than those produced from seeds.
• The new plants are exact copies of the parent plant, as they are produced from a single parent.

Reproduction in Plants Class 7 Extra Questions Short Answer Type 2

Question 1. Where are male and female gametes in flowers? Answer: Anther contains pollen grains which produce male gametes. The female gamete or the egg is formed in an ovule, which is a part of ovary.

Question 4. How are plants get benefitted by seed dispersal? Answer: Benefits of seed dispersal to plants :

• It prevents competition between the plant and its own seedlings for sunlight, water and minerals.
• It also enables the plants to invade new habitats for wider distribution.

Reproduction in Plants Class 7 Extra Questions Long Answer Type

Question 1. Describe reproduction in fungus. Answer: The fungi on a suitable place grow from spores which are present in the air. When spores are released they keep floating in the air. As they are very light they can cover long distances.

Hope the knowledge provided regarding the Reproduction in Plants Class 7 Extra Questions and Answers has helped you to the possible extent. For more info feel free to reach us and we will guide you at the earliest possibility. Stay connected to our site to avail latest updates on Extra Questions for Various Classes instantly.

• CBSE Notes For Class 7
• CBSE Class 7 Science Notes
• Chapter 12: Reproduction In Plants

Reproduction in Plants Class 7 Science Notes - Chapter 12

According to the CBSE Syllabus 2023-24, this chapter has been renumbered as Chapter 8.

Introduction

Reproduction.

Reproduction is of 2 types:

– Asexual Reproduction

To know more about Asexual Reproduction, visit here .

– Sexual Reproduction

To know more about Sexual Reproduction, visit here .

Production of new individuals from their parents is known as reproduction.

To know more about Reproduction, visit here .

The modes of reproduction in plants are:

Asexual Reproduction in Organisms

• In asexual reproduction, organisms can give rise to new organisms without the fusion of gametes.
• Only one parent is involved.
• It is a type of asexual reproduction that takes place in unicellular organisms like amoeba, paramecium etc.
• A single parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells.
• There are two types:
• Binary Fission: a single parent cell divides into two daughter cells. (e.g. amoeba, paramecium)
• Multiple Fission: a single parent cell divides into many daughter cells. (e.g. Plasmodium)

Fragmentation

• Fragmentation is a form of asexual reproduction or cloning in which an organism is split into fragments.
• Each of these fragments develops into a mature, fully grown individual that is a clone of the original organism.
• For example, sponges and lichens reproduce through fragmentation.

To know more about Fragmentation, visit here .

• Budding is a form of asexual reproduction in which a new organism develops from an outgrowth or bud due to cell division at one particular site of the parent organism.
• They eventually break away from their parent. For example, hydra and yeast.

For more information on Reproduction Through Budding, watch the below video

To know more about Budding, visit here .

Spore Formation

• The term is also used to refer to the process of reproduction via spores.
• Spores are the reproductive bodies and are microscopic.
• When these spores are released into the surrounding area, they develop into new plants under favourable conditions.
• For example, Fungi and Ferns.

Vegetative Propagation

• It is a type of asexual reproduction in which new plants are produced from roots, stems, leaves and buds. For example, rose and bryophyllum.

To know more about Vegetative Propagation, visit here .

Reproduction in Plants

Sexual reproduction in plants.

• Sexual reproduction in plants occurs through the fusion of gametes, which eventually gives rise to seeds that develop into a new plant.
• Flowers are the parts of the plant involved in sexual reproduction.
• The male gamete, i.e. pollen grains, are produced by anthers, whereas the female gamete, i.e. ovule, is produced by pistils.
• The male and female gametes meet due to pollination, fuse by fertilization and give rise to a new plant by fruit and seed formation.

For more information on Plant Reproduction, watch the below video

To know more about Sexual Reproduction in Plants, visit here .

Pollination

• Pollination is the act of transferring pollen grains from the male part of the flower, i.e. anthers, to the female part of the flower, i.e. stigma.

To know more about Pollination, visit here .

Types of Pollination

There are two types of pollination:

• If the pollen happens to land on the stigma of the same flower, it is called self-pollination .
• When the pollen of a flower lands on the stigma of another flower of the same plant, or that of a different plant of the same kind, it is called cross-pollination.

To know more about types of pollination, visit here .

• In sexual reproduction, a male and a female gamete fuse to form a zygote.
• So in the case of plants, the male gametes present in the pollen grains fuse with the female gamete, i.e. egg.
• This fusion is called fertilization, and the cell formed out of the fusion is called as a zygote.

To know more about zygotes, visit here .

Fertilisation

Fertilization is the phenomena of fusion of the male gamete with the female gamete cell.

• The zygote further develops to form the embryo.
• In animals, the embryo grows into an adult.
• In Plants, the embryo further gives rise to the shoot system and root system.

Fruits and Seed Formation

• In plants, post fertilisation, the ovary develops into a fruit and other parts of the flower fall off.
• The ripened ovary forms the fruit.
• The ovules form the seeds.

To know more about Seed Formation, visit here .

Seed Dispersal

• Seeds and fruits of plants are dispersed away by wind, water and animals.
• The seeds show different characteristics depending on their dispersing agent.

To know more about Seed Dispersal, visit here .

• Seeds are winged and light to get carried by the wind. For example, maple and drumstick.
• Hairy seeds, eg: aak (Madar) and hairy fruit of the sunflower.
• These seeds or fruits normally develop the ability to float in the form of fibrous or spongy outer coats, For example, coconut.
• Spiny seeds with hooks are attached to the animal body and are hence carried to distant places. For example, Xanthium and Urena

Few of the seeds disperse when the fruits burst out with a sudden jerk, which gets scattered away to a distance far from the parent plant. Eg: Balsam and Castor.

Frequently Asked Questions on CBSE Class 7 Science Notes Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants

What are the three types of meristematic tissue.

1. Apical meristem2. Lateral meristem3. Intercalary meristem

What are the functions of a permanent tissue?

1. Providing support 2. Protection as well as in photosynthesis 3. Conduction of water, minerals and nutrients

What are the parts of a plant?

Plants typically have six basic parts: roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds.

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RD Sharma Solutions , RS Aggarwal Solutions and NCERT Solutions

Reproduction in Plants Class 7 Extra Questions and Answers Science Chapter 12

September 9, 2020 by Prasanna

In this page, we are providing Reproduction in Plants Class 7 Extra Questions and Answers Science Chapter 12 pdf download. NCERT Extra Questions for Class 7 Science Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants with Answers will help to score more marks in your CBSE Board Exams.

Class 7 Science Chapter 12 Extra Questions and Answers Reproduction in Plants

Extra Questions for Class 7 Science Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants with Answers Solutions

Reproduction in Plants Class 7 Extra Questions Very Short Answer Type

Question 1. Fungus, moss and fern reproduces by a common method of asexual reproduction. Name the method. Answer: Spore formation.

Question 2. Boojho had the following parts of a rose plant-a leaf, roots, a branch, a flower, a bud and pollen grains. Which of them can be used to grow a new rose plant? Answer: A branch.

Question 3. What is zygote? Answer: Zygote is a diploid cell formed from the fusion of male and male and female gametes.

Question 4. By which method of asexual reproduction sweet potato reproduces? Answer: Vegetative propagation.

Question 5. In the vegetative propagation, the new plants are exact copies of the parent cell. Why? Answer: Because they are produced from a single parent.

Question 6. What are produced by plants as a result of sexual reproduction? Answer: Seeds.

Question 7. Which type of reproduction produces a new plant which is exact copy of the parent plant? Answer: Vegetative propagation.

Question 8. What is a bud? Answer: A small bulb-like projection coming out from the yeast cell is called a bud.

Question 9. Which part of the seed germinate into a small seedling? Answer: Embryo.

Question 10. How does a moss plant reproduce? Answer: By means of spores.

Question 11. Which type of bodies are spores? Answer: Asexual reproductive bodies.

Question 12. What type of flowers does Petunia have? Answer: Bisexual flowers.

Question 13. Where is the egg-formed? Answer: In an ovule.

Question 14. What is sexual reproduction? Answer: Reproduction in which both male and female gametes are involved is called sexual reproduction.

Question 15. What produces male gamete? Answer: Pollen grain produces male gamete.

Question 16. What protects pollen grains from drying up? Answer: A tough protective coat prevents them from drying up.

Question 17. What are bisexual flowers? Answer: The flowers that contain both stamens and pistil are bisexual flowers.

Question 18. What are unisexual flowers? Answer: The flowers which contain either only the pistil or only the stamens are called unisexual flowers.

Question 19. Pollen grain can be carried away by wind or water. Why? Answer: They are light.

Question 20. Name two fruits which are fleshy and juicy. Answer: Mango and apple.

Question 21. Name two hard fruits. Answer: Almonds and walnuts

Question 22. Name the agents of seed dispersal. Answer: Wind, water, animals and human beings.

Question 23. How are seeds dispersed in the case of castor and balsam? Answer: When the fruits of castor and balsam burst with sudden jerks, the seeds are dispersed.

Question 24. Name two plants in which seeds are dispersed by animals. Answer: Xanthium and Urena.

Reproduction in Plants Class 7 Extra Questions Short Answer Type

Question 1. How many types of reproduction are there in plants? Explain. Answer: There are two types of reproduction in plants:

• Sexual reproduction
• Asexual reproduction

(i) Sexual reproduction; The mode of reproduction in which new plants are produced from seeds by involvement of both male and female gametes. (ii) Asexual reproductions In this mode of reproduction, new plants are produced without seeds by involvement of single parent.

Question 2. Explain vegetative propagation. Answer: It is a type of asexual reproduction i n which new plants are obtained from vegetative parts like roots, stems, leaves or buds of the parent plants. For example, sweet potato and Dahlia give rise to new plants by roots, roses by stems, etc.

Question 3. How do cacti plants reproduce? Answer: Cacti plants produce new plants from any part which get detached from the main plant body. Each detached part grow into a new plant. This is a type of asexual reproduction.

Question 4. Some plants reproduce by cutting. Explain. or How does new plant produce by cutting? or How does rose plants reproduce? Answer: Cutting is a process through which many plants are propagated through asexual reproduction. For example, rose plant is propagated through this process. A part of stem from the desired plant is cut. The cutting of the plant is buried in the soil. The cutting is watered every day. After some time the leaves and roots arise from the nodes of the cutting. With time the cutting develops into a new plant.

Question 5. What is budding? Explain with an example. Answer: The process of formation of an additional outgrowth, as bud, which gets detached from the parent cell to produce new individual is called budding. For example, the yeast grows asexually by process of budding. The small bulb like projection coming out from the yeast cell is called bud. It gradually grows and gets detached from the parent cell and forms a new yeast cell. Sometimes, another bud arises from the bud forming a chain of buds.

Question 6. What is fragmentation? Give an example. Answer: Fragmentation is one of the types of asexual reproduction. In this type, plants like Spirogyra, breaks up into two or more fragments or pieces. Each fragment develops into a new individual. When water and nutrients are available algae grow and multiply rapidly by fragmentation.

Question 7. Explain reproduction through spore formation. Answer: Reproduction through spore formation is a type of asexual reproduction. Spores are small spherical bodies covered with a protective coat. The coat protects the spore from unfavourable conditions. The coat burst and spore germinate into new plants when the conditions are favourable. The fungi on a bread piece grow from spore which are present in the air. Plants such as moss and fern also reproduce by means of spores.

Question 8. Define two types of flowers with examples. Answer: Flowers are the reproductive parts of a plant. There are two types of flowers-

• unisexual and
• bisexual flowers.

The flowers which contain either only the pistil or only the stamens are called unisexual flowers, e.g., corn and papaya. On the other hand, the flowers which contain both stamens and pistil are called bisexual flowers, e.g., mustard and rose.

Question 9. What is pollination? Answer: The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of a flower is called pollination. Pollen grains are light so they can be carried by wind or water. Insects visit flowers and carry away pollen on their bodies. These are the agents which help in pollination.

Reproduction in Plants Class 7 Extra Questions Long Answer Type

Question 1. What is pollination? Explain self-pollination and cross-pollination with the help of a diagram. or What is pollination? Explain types of pollination. Answer: The transfer of a pollen from the anther to the stigma of a flower is called pollination. There are two types of pollination: (i) Self-pollination (ii) Cross-pollination When the pollen lands on the stigma of the same flower, it is called self-pollination [Fig. 12.13 (a)]. It takes place in a bisexual flower.

Reproduction in Plants Class 7 Extra Questions HOTS

Question 1. What are the advantages of vegetative propagation? Answer: Plants produced by vegetative propagation take less time to grow and bear flowers and fruits earlier than those produced from seeds. The new plants are exact copies of the parent plant, as they are produced from a single parent.

Question 2. Which is more advantageous for plants-self-pollination or cross-pollination? Give reasons for your answer. Answer: Cross-pollination is more advantageous as it help the plant in having variation in offsprings, new varieties are formed, make plant to adapt to new changes in environmental conditions and diseases. It helps the plant to yield better.

Question 3. What is brinjal, a vegetable or a fruit? Explain. Answer: Brinjal is actually fruit of the plant which we take or consume as vegetable. Brinjal develops from the fertilised ovary of the flower and contains many seeds.

Question 4. Write how the following seeds are dispersed. (a) Seeds with wings (b) Small and light seeds. (c) Seeds with spines/hooks Answer: (a) Dispersed by wind (b) Dispersed by wind (c) Dispersed by animals

Question 5. How plants are benefitted by seed dispersal? Answer: Seed dispersal prevents compietition between the plant and its own seedlings for sunlight, water and minerals. It also enables plant to invade new habitats for wider distribution. Thus, seed dispersal provides suitable conditions for survival and growth of the plant.

Question 6. What are the post fertilisation changes in a flower? Answer: After fertilisation, the ovary grows into a fruit and other parts of the flower fall off. The ripened ovary is called fruit. The seeds develop from the ovules. The seed contains an embryo, which is formed from zygote due to fusion of male and female gametes. The embryo develops into future plant on getting favourable conditions.

Reproduction in Plants Class 7 Extra Questions Value Based (VBQs)

Question 1. Artificial propagation of plant is growing of new plantlets other than the natural mean. It includes, cutting, grafting, layering, etc. It is an easy process and is a faster way of propagation of many plants with desired characteristics. But with the increased practice of artificial propagation man is risking the existence of many native varieties of plants. (a) What are the advantages of artificial propagation of plants? (b) What are the disadvantages of artificial propagation of plants? (c) What is native variety? (d) Do you think there is any adverse affect of artificial propagation on the native varieties of plants?

Answer: (a) Advantages of artificial propagation are:

• Plants take less time to produce flowers and fruits.
• Plants are exact copies of the parent plant.
• Plants take less space and energy to give productive yield.

(b) Disadvantages of artificial propagation are:

• Plants do not show much variation and lose their strength and health gradually.
• They are more prone to disease.
• As many plants are produced, it may result in overcrowding
• Some plants do not have strong root system which may collapse with time.

(c) Native variety of a plant is one that occurs naturally in a particular habitat or ecosystem or region. (d) Yes. If the non-native varieties of plants are propagated on a large scale artificially can eliminate the existence of native variety of that plant due to competition for space and nutrition.

Question 2. After a rainy season, while Mani was strolling in her garden, noticed many small plants of various fruits and flowers which were not present in her garden. She wondered where they had come from as nobody had planted them there. As Mani loves gardening she started cleaning the area around the small plants and taking care of them. (a) How plants propagate through sexual mode of reproduction? (b) What is an embryo? (c) What do you think the plants grown in Mani’s garden had come from? (d) How do seeds of some fruits like tomato, guava or brinjal propagate? (e) What value of Mani is shown here?

Answer: (a) Through seeds (b) Embryo is a future plant, found deep inside the seed. It is formed from the development of zygote. (c) Plants grown in Mani’s garden may have come from the seeds dispersed through various agents like animals, wind, water, etc. Which on getting favourable conditions have germinated into plants. (d) Seeds of these fruits are generally propagated through animal faeces when they consume it. (e) Mani is inquisitive, a good observer and nature lover.

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7th Class Science Reproduction In Plants Question Bank

Done reproduction in plants total questions - 114.

question_answer 1) The process by which plants give rise to new plants without seeds is called

A) Sexual reproduction done clear

B) Vegetative propagation done clear

C) Asexual reproduction   done clear

D) Budding done clear

question_answer 2) Male reproductive part of a plant is

A) pores                done clear

B) pistil done clear

C) stamen                         done clear

D) ovary done clear

question_answer 3) Reproduction in yeast takes place by

A) zygote              done clear

B) fragmentation done clear

C) budding          done clear

D) spore formation done clear

question_answer 4) The cell which is formed after fusion of gametes is called _________.

A) spore                done clear

B) embryo done clear

C) pistil                 done clear

D) zygote done clear

question_answer 5) The flower which contain either pistil or stamen is called

A) Unisexual flowers         done clear

B) Asexual flowers done clear

C) Bisexual flowers           done clear

D) None of these done clear

question_answer 6)  Mature ovary forms the

A) seed                 done clear

B) fruit done clear

C) stamen                         done clear

D) pistil done clear

question_answer 7) A spore producing plant is

A) rose                              done clear

B) potato done clear

C) bread mould        done clear

D) ginger done clear

question_answer 8) Bryophyllum can reproduce by

A) stem                             done clear

B) root done clear

C) leaves             done clear

D) flower done clear

question_answer 9) Which of the following constitute a pistil?

A) Stigma, style and anther done clear

B) Stigma, style and ovary done clear

C) Stigma, stamen and ovary done clear

D) Pollen sac, style and ovule done clear

question_answer 10) Female gametes are present in

A) anther             done clear

B) ovary done clear

C) pollen tube                   done clear

D) stigma done clear

question_answer 11) Male gametes are present in

A) anther      done clear

C) filament                        done clear

D) style done clear

question_answer 12) Reproduction is essential for living organism in order to

A) Keep individual organ alive done clear

B) Maintain growth done clear

C) Fulfill their energy requirement done clear

D) continue the species forever done clear

question_answer 13) Vegetative propagation refers to the formation of new plants from the following existing organs of the old plants:

A) stems, roots, flowers done clear

B) stems, flowers, fruits     done clear

C) roots, stems, leaves done clear

D) stems, leaves, flowers done clear

question_answer 14) Reproduction is described as a phenomenon by which of these options?

A) increase in size done clear

B) increase in number done clear

C) form new tissues and organs done clear

D) develop from zygotes done clear

question_answer 15) Growth of a new organism on or inside the parent body is called

A) Fragmentation             done clear

B) Grafting done clear

C) Budding      done clear

D) all of these done clear

question_answer 16) The process of fertilization of angiosperms is called

A) Single fertilization        done clear

B) Double fertilization done clear

C) Multiple fission done clear

question_answer 17) The pollen of a flowering plant

A) Contains sperm cells done clear

B) is brightly coloured to attract insects done clear

C) holds the embryo done clear

D) is produced by the pistil done clear

question_answer 18) Select the one that does not reproduce from seeds.

A) Rose                            done clear

B) Pine done clear

C) Oak                             done clear

D) Moss done clear

question_answer 19) Germination occurs when

A) an already dormant embryo is activated done clear

B) the cotyledons emerge above ground done clear

C) either hypocotyls or epicotyls emerges above ground done clear

D) Vascular tissue begins the transport of water and minerals. done clear

question_answer 20) Sugarcane plants are generally propagated by vegetative reproduction because

A) they do not produce seeds done clear

B) the seeds are not viable done clear

C) the incidence of disease may be reduced; done clear

D) all of the above done clear

question_answer 21) Pollen grains of insect pollinated flowers are

A) smooth and sticky        done clear

B) Smooth and rough done clear

C) Rough and dry done clear

D) Rough and sticky         done clear

question_answer 22) Select the one that is true about cross pollination

A) generally it results in higher yield of plants done clear

B) It takes place only in unisexual flowers done clear

C) It can fail to occur because of distance barrier done clear

D) It requires production of large number of pollen grains. done clear

question_answer 23) Select the method of asexual reproduction.

A) Fragmentation             done clear

B) Budding done clear

C) Spore formation           done clear

question_answer 24) Vegetative buds are

A) buds in the axil            done clear

B) flower buds done clear

C) both of these     done clear

D) none of these done clear

question_answer 25) Select the plant whose buds are in the margin of leaves.

A) potato              done clear

B) ginger done clear

C) sprout leaf plant           done clear

D) turmeric done clear

question_answer 26) Spores are

A) asexual reproductive bodies done clear

B) sexual reproductive bodies done clear

C) covered by delicate coatings done clear

D) all the above are correct done clear

question_answer 27) Which of the following are bisexual flowers?

A) Corn               done clear

B) Papaya done clear

C) Rose               done clear

D) Cucumber done clear

question_answer 28) The cell which results after fusion of gametes is called

A) Fertilization                  done clear

B) egg done clear

C) Zygote            done clear

question_answer 29) Mature ovary forms the

B) stamen done clear

C) pistil                             done clear

D) fruit done clear

question_answer 30) When spores of fungi in a bread piece are released, why do they keep floating in air?

A) they are light done clear

B) they can move only slowly done clear

C) they are asexual reproductive bodies done clear

question_answer 31) Sweet potatoes reproduce from

A) modified leaves            done clear

B) modified stem done clear

C) modified roots done clear

D) modified flowers done clear

question_answer 32) Mushrooms reproduce through

A) spores              done clear

B) modified stems done clear

C) buds on leaf margin     done clear

D) fission done clear

question_answer 33) Onions and gladioli grow from

A) bulbs                done clear

B) roots done clear

C) spores              done clear

D) buds on leaf margin done clear

question_answer 34) In potatoes new plant grow from

A) bulbs of modified stems done clear

B) buds on leaflets done clear

C) eyes of modified stems done clear

D) modified roots done clear

question_answer 35) Which of the following grow from modified roots?

A) Onion             done clear

B) Radish done clear

C) Begonia                       done clear

D) Potato done clear

question_answer 36) Pollen sacs are found in

A) pollen grain                  done clear

B) pollen tube done clear

C) anther         done clear

D) ovule done clear

question_answer 37) Stigma is sticky

A) to produce scents to attract birds and insects done clear

B) to hold pollen grains strongly done clear

C) there is no known function done clear

question_answer 38) Corolla in a flower helps

A) to produce male gametes done clear

B) to produce female gametes done clear

C) to hold pollen grains     done clear

D) to attract insects done clear

question_answer 39) Seeds with looks are dispersed by

A) water              done clear

B) wind done clear

C) animals          done clear

D) explosion done clear

question_answer 40) Seeds of poppy are dispersed by

A) wind              done clear

B) water done clear

C) animals                        done clear

A) (A) \[\to \] (q),(B) \[\to \] (p),(C) \[\to \] (r),(D) \[\to \] (s) done clear

B) (A) \[\to \] (r),(B) \[\to \] (p),(C) \[\to \] (q),(D) \[\to \] (s) done clear

C) (A) \[\to \] (r),(B) \[\to \] (s),(C) \[\to \] (p),(D) \[\to \] (q) done clear

D) (A) \[\to \] (q),(B) \[\to \] (r),(C) \[\to \] (s),(D) \[\to \] (p) done clear

A) (A) \[\to \] (s),(B) \[\to \] (p),(C) \[\to \] (r),(D) \[\to \] (q) done clear

C) (A) \[\to \] (r),(B) \[\to \] (p),(C) \[\to \] (s),(D) \[\to \] (q) done clear

D) (A) \[\to \] (q),(B) \[\to \] (r),(C) \[\to \] (p),(D) \[\to \] (s) done clear

A) (A) \[\to \] (s),(B) \[\to \] (r),(C) \[\to \] (p),(D) \[\to \] (q) done clear

B) (A) \[\to \] (r),(B) \[\to \] (s),(C) \[\to \] (q),(D) \[\to \] (p) done clear

C) (A) \[\to \] (s),(B) \[\to \] (r),(C) \[\to \] (q),(D) \[\to \] (p) done clear

D) (A) \[\to \] (r),(B) \[\to \] (s),(C) \[\to \] (p),(D) \[\to \] (q) done clear

question_answer 44) DIRECTIONS: Read the passage (s) given below and answer the questions that follow. Passage - 1 The flowers which contain either only the pistil or only the stamens are called unisexual flowers. The flowers which contain both stamen and pistil are called bisexual flowers. Which of the following is/are parts of a stamen?

A) Anther       done clear

B) Pistil done clear

C) Ovule                           done clear

D) All of the above done clear

question_answer 45) DIRECTIONS: Read the passage (s) given below and answer the questions that follow. Passage - 1 The flowers which contain either only the pistil or only the stamens are called unisexual flowers. The flowers which contain both stamen and pistil are called bisexual flowers. Which of the following is a unisexual flower?

A) mustard           done clear

B) petunia done clear

C) corn                             done clear

question_answer 46) DIRECTIONS: Read the passage (s) given below and answer the questions that follow. Passage - 1 The flowers which contain either only the pistil or only the stamens are called unisexual flowers. The flowers which contain both stamen and pistil are called bisexual flowers. Anther contains pollen grains which produce

A) ovule                            done clear

B) male gametes done clear

C) female gametes            done clear

question_answer 47) DIRECTIONS: Read the passage (s) given below and answer the questions that follow. Passage - 2 A filamentous alga X is found in ponds, lakes and streams. The filament of this alga breaks into two (or more) pieces on maturing and each piece then grows to become a new alga Identify the alga from the following:

A) Paramedum                 done clear

B) Hydra done clear

C) Spirogyra        done clear

D) Yeast done clear

question_answer 48) DIRECTIONS: Read the passage (s) given below and answer the questions that follow. Passage - 2 A filamentous alga X is found in ponds, lakes and streams. The filament of this alga breaks into two (or more) pieces on maturing and each piece then grows to become a new alga What is the method of reproduction described here?

A) Budding                       done clear

B) Fragmentation done clear

C) Binary fission s            done clear

D) Regeneration done clear

question_answer 49) DIRECTIONS: Read the passage (s) given below and answer the questions that follow. Passage - 2 A filamentous alga X is found in ponds, lakes and streams. The filament of this alga breaks into two (or more) pieces on maturing and each piece then grows to become a new alga Which of the following organism also reproduce by the same method as alga X?

A) Rhizopus                      done clear

B) Sea Anemone done clear

C) Sponges          done clear

question_answer 50) DIRECTIONS: Read the passage (s) given below and answer the questions that follow. Passage - 3 A thick underground stem of a plant which has stored food has a number of points on it, when the old stem of this plant is planted in the soil, then each point on its surface grows into a new plant. Which of the following could be the example of underground stem?

B) Potato done clear

C) Radish            done clear

D) Carrot done clear

question_answer 51) DIRECTIONS: Read the passage (s) given below and answer the questions that follow. Passage - 3 A thick underground stem of a plant which has stored food has a number of points on it, when the old stem of this plant is planted in the soil, then each point on its surface grows into a new plant. What are the points present on the stem known as?

A) Nodes             done clear

B) buds done clear

C) Eyes             done clear

D) roots    done clear

question_answer 52) DIRECTIONS: Read the passage (s) given below and answer the questions that follow. Passage - 3 A thick underground stem of a plant which has stored food has a number of points on it, when the old stem of this plant is planted in the soil, then each point on its surface grows into a new plant. What is the name of this method of reproduction in plants?

A) Vegetative propagation of tubers done clear

B) Sexual reproduction by seeds done clear

C) Vegetative propagation by bulbs done clear

D) Sexual reproduction by flowers done clear

question_answer 53) DIRECTIONS: Read the passage (s) given below and answer the questions that follow. Passage - 4 When an insect sits on the flower of a plant then some particles from the little stalks in the flowers sticks to its body when this insect now sits on the flower of another plant, the particles get deposited in the other flower. What are these particles?

A) Rector             done clear

B) Pollen done clear

C) Dust                             done clear

D) Honey done clear

question_answer 54) DIRECTIONS: Read the passage (s) given below and answer the questions that follow. Passage - 4 When an insect sits on the flower of a plant then some particles from the little stalks in the flowers sticks to its body when this insect now sits on the flower of another plant, the particles get deposited in the other flower. Which phenomenon is described here?

A) fertilization                   done clear

B) fusion of gametes done clear

C) germination                 done clear

D) pollination done clear

question_answer 55) DIRECTIONS: Read the passage (s) given below and answer the questions that follow. Passage - 4 When an insect sits on the flower of a plant then some particles from the little stalks in the flowers sticks to its body when this insect now sits on the flower of another plant, the particles get deposited in the other flower. Which of the following steps will occur first after the deposition of particles?

A) development of pollen tube done clear

C) formation of zygote done clear

D) development of fruits done clear

question_answer 56) DIRECTIONS: The questions in this segment consists of two statements, one labeled as "Assertion A" and the other labelled as "Reason R". You are to examine these two statements carefully and decide if the Assertion A and Reason R are individually true and if so, whether the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion. Select your answers to these items using codes given below. Assertion (A): A stamen has 2 parts. Reason (R): Filament and anther are parts of a stamen.

A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. done clear

B) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. done clear

C) A is true but R is false. done clear

D) A is false but R is true. done clear

question_answer 57) DIRECTIONS: The questions in this segment consists of two statements, one labeled as "Assertion A" and the other labelled as "Reason R". You are to examine these two statements carefully and decide if the Assertion A and Reason R are individually true and if so, whether the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion. Select your answers to these items using codes given below. Assertion (A): Seeds are product of sexual reproduction in plants. Reason (R): Seeds are not products in potatoes.

question_answer 58) DIRECTIONS: The questions in this segment consists of two statements, one labeled as "Assertion A" and the other labelled as "Reason R". You are to examine these two statements carefully and decide if the Assertion A and Reason R are individually true and if so, whether the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion. Select your answers to these items using codes given below. Assertion (A): Moringa seeds have wings. Reason (R): Moringa seeds are dispersed by wind.

question_answer 59) DIRECTIONS: The questions in this segment consists of two statements, one labeled as "Assertion A" and the other labelled as "Reason R". You are to examine these two statements carefully and decide if the Assertion A and Reason R are individually true and if so, whether the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion. Select your answers to these items using codes given below. Assertion (A): Spores are reproductive structures in some fungi plants. Reason (R): Spores have thick walls to survive unfavorable conditions.

question_answer 60) Directions: Read the following two statements carefully and choose the correct option. (i) Some plants reproduce by growing vegetative parts into new plants (ii) In sexual reproduction there is fusion of similar gametes.

A) Statement (i) is correct while statement (ii) is incorrect. done clear

B) Statement (ii) is correct while statement (i) is incorrect. done clear

C) Both statements are correct. done clear

D) Both statements are incorrect. done clear

question_answer 61) Directions: Read the following two statements carefully and choose the correct option. (i) The integuments leave a small opening called Chalaza (ii) The basal part of ovule is called micropyle.

question_answer 62) Directions: Read the following two statements carefully and choose the correct option. (i) After fertilization, the ovary becomes the fruit and ovules the seeds. (ii) Study of pollen grains is called palynology

question_answer 63) Directions: Read the following two statements carefully and choose the correct option. (i) Flowers pollinated by insects are colourless and small in size (ii) Seeds with spines are dispersed by humans and animals

A) large anthers, coloured petals and produce nectar done clear

B) large petals, small anthers and produce scent done clear

C) small petals, nectar and produce scent done clear

D) small petals, large anthers and have a feathery stigma done clear

question_answer 65) DIRECTIONS: Carefully observe pictures given below and answer the following questions. An example of a seed dispersed by the wind is

A) To remove oxygen from the water. done clear

B) To kill germs in the water. done clear

C) To get the water to a suitable temperature for germination. done clear

D) To remove carbon dioxide from the water. done clear

A) Ovary             done clear

B) Pollen tube done clear

C) Filament                      done clear

D) Sepal done clear

question_answer 68) Wind pollinated flowers are called

A) Entomophilous done clear

B) Anemophilous done clear

C) Hydrophilous   done clear

D) Chiropterophilous done clear

question_answer 69) Vegetative propagation by stem can be seen in

A) potato             done clear

C) dahlia              done clear

D) both (a) & (b) done clear

question_answer 70) __________ pollinated flowers are colorful and fragrant and have nectaries.

A) insects          done clear

C) water              done clear

D) animals done clear

question_answer 71) Parthenocarpic fruit is found in

A) pineapple      done clear

B) mango done clear

C) orange            done clear

D) plum done clear

question_answer 72) Development of a fruit without pollination or fertilization is called_______.

A) germination                 done clear

B) parthenocarpy done clear

C) embryogeny                 done clear

D) reproduction done clear

question_answer 73) Which of the following is a type of asexual reproduction?

A) Oogenesis       done clear

B) Gametogenesis done clear

C) Fragmentation    done clear

question_answer 74) Asexual reproduction is also known as

A) Somatic reproduction done clear

B) Somatogenic reproduction done clear

C) Gametogenesis done clear

question_answer 75) The pollen grain represents a

A) male sporophyte          done clear

B) male gametophyte done clear

C) female sporophyte done clear

D) female gametophyte done clear

question_answer 76) Sexual reproduction is given an advantage over asexual reproduction because

A) it produces more offspring done clear

B) it preserves parental genotype done clear

C) it ensures survival of species done clear

D) it increases variations among the offspring of an individual. done clear

question_answer 77) These are the buds in the axil of leaves which develop into shoot. These are called

A) flower buds done clear

B) vegetative buds done clear

C) both the above are correct done clear

D) none of these is correct done clear

question_answer 78) In this plant the buds are in the margin of leaves. If leaf of this plant falls on a moist soil, each bud can give rise to a new plant. This plant is

A) Bryophyllum                done clear

B) Sprout leaf plant done clear

C) both (a) and (b)   done clear

D) algae done clear

question_answer 79) These are asexual reproductive bodies which are covered by a hard protective coating and they can survive for a long time. The plants of moss and ferns reproduce by means of these bodies. These are

A) stamen             done clear

B) stigma done clear

C) spores              done clear

question_answer 80) It is a female gamete and is formed in an ovule. It is

A) ovary                           done clear

C) zygote                          done clear

question_answer 81) Why the plants are produced by vegetative propagation an exact copy of parent plant?

A) They are produced under controlled conditions done clear

B) They are produced from single parents done clear

C) both the above done clear

question_answer 82) Pollination is

A) Similar to fertilization of animals done clear

B) shedding of pollen from anthers done clear

C) transfer of pollen from anther to stigma done clear

question_answer 83) The mode of reproduction shown by fuzzy and greyish growth on bread is

A) Spore formation           done clear

C) Binary fission               done clear

question_answer 84) Flowers which have stamens and pistils are called:

A) Complete flowers done clear

B) Incomplete flowers done clear

C) Unisexual flowers done clear

D) Homosexual flowers done clear

question_answer 85) Which of the following is a complete flower?

A) Papaya                        done clear

B) Cucumber done clear

C) Bitter gourd                  done clear

D) Hibiscus done clear

question_answer 86) When you add yeast to dough, it rises beacuse:

A) yeast cells reproduce by budding done clear

B) yeast cells form colonies done clear

C) of the bulk of new yeast cells done clear

D) the rapidly reproducing yeast cells release \[\text{C}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}\] due to anerobic respiration done clear

A) (i) \[\to \] (D),(ii) \[\to \] (C),(iii) \[\to \] (A),(iv) \[\to \] (B) done clear

B) (i) \[\to \] (C),(ii) \[\to \] (A),(iii) \[\to \] (B),(iv) \[\to \] (D) done clear

C) (i) \[\to \] (B),(ii) \[\to \] (A),(iii) \[\to \] (C),(iv) \[\to \] (D) done clear

D) (i) \[\to \] (D),(ii) \[\to \] (A),(iii) \[\to \] (B),(iv) \[\to \] (C) done clear

A) (i) \[\to \] (q),(ii) \[\to \] (s),(iii) \[\to \] (p),(iv) \[\to \] (r) done clear

B) (i) \[\to \] (q),(ii) \[\to \] (r),(iii) \[\to \] (s),(iv) \[\to \] (p) done clear

C) (i) \[\to \] (r),(ii) \[\to \] (q),(iii) \[\to \] (s),(iv) \[\to \] (p) done clear

D) (i) \[\to \] (r),(ii) \[\to \] (q),(iii) \[\to \] (p),(iv) \[\to \] (s) done clear

A) (A) \[\to \] (i),(B) \[\to \] (ii),(C) \[\to \] (iii),(D) \[\to \] (iv) done clear

B) (A)\[\to \](ii),(B)\[\to \](iii),(C)\[\to \](iv),(D) \[\to \] (i) done clear

C) (A)\[\to \](iii),(B)\[\to \](iv),(C)\[\to \](i),(D)\[\to \](ii) done clear

D) (A)\[\to \](iv),(B)\[\to \](iii),(C)\[\to \](ii),(D)\[\to \](i) done clear

B) (A) \[\to \] (ii),(B) \[\to \] (iii),(C) \[\to \] (iv),(D) \[\to \] (i) done clear

C) (A) \[\to \] (iii),(B) \[\to \] (iv),(C) \[\to \] (i),(D) \[\to \] (ii) done clear

D) (A) \[\to \] (iv),(B) \[\to \] (iii),(C) \[\to \] (ii),(D) \[\to \] (i) done clear

question_answer 91) DIRECTIONS: Read the passage (s) given below and answer the questions that follow. Passage - 1 The cell which results after fusion of gametes is called a zygote. The fusion of male and female gametes (to form a zygote) is called fertilization. The zygote develops into an embryo. Zygote formation occurs in

A) asexual reproduction done clear

B) sexual reproduction done clear

C) both asexual and sexual reproduction done clear

question_answer 92) DIRECTIONS: Read the passage (s) given below and answer the questions that follow. Passage - 1 The cell which results after fusion of gametes is called a zygote. The fusion of male and female gametes (to form a zygote) is called fertilization. The zygote develops into an embryo. The cell which results after fusion of male gametes and female gametes is called

A) zygote              done clear

B) fertilization done clear

C) embryo            done clear

question_answer 93) DIRECTIONS: Read the passage (s) given below and answer the questions that follow. Passage - 1 The cell which results after fusion of gametes is called a zygote. The fusion of male and female gametes (to form a zygote) is called fertilization. The zygote develops into an embryo. The part of the flower which produce male gametes is called

A) Anther              done clear

B) Stamen done clear

C) filament            done clear

question_answer 94) DIRECTIONS: Read the passage (s) given below and answer the questions that follow. Passage - 2 The transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of a flower is called pollination. If the pollen lands on the stigma of the same flower it is called self-pollination. When the pollen of a flower lands on the stigma of another flower of the same plant, or that of a different plant of the same kind, it is called cross-pollination. Which of the following can carry pollen grains?

A) Wind done clear

B) Water done clear

C) both wind and water done clear

question_answer 95) DIRECTIONS: Read the passage (s) given below and answer the questions that follow. Passage - 2 The transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of a flower is called pollination. If the pollen lands on the stigma of the same flower it is called self-pollination. When the pollen of a flower lands on the stigma of another flower of the same plant, or that of a different plant of the same kind, it is called cross-pollination. In self pollination

A) the pollen of a flower lands on anther of the same flower done clear

B) the pollen of a flower lands on stigma of a different flower on the same plant done clear

C) the pollen of a flower lands on stigma of the same flower done clear

D) none of the above is correct done clear

question_answer 96) DIRECTIONS: Read the passage (s) given below and answer the questions that follow. Passage - 2 The transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of a flower is called pollination. If the pollen lands on the stigma of the same flower it is called self-pollination. When the pollen of a flower lands on the stigma of another flower of the same plant, or that of a different plant of the same kind, it is called cross-pollination. In cross pollination

A) the pollen of a flower lands on the stigma of another flower of the same plant done clear

B) the pollen of a flower lands on the stigma of another flower of a different plant of the same kind. done clear

question_answer 97) DIRECTIONS: Read the passage (s) given below and answer the questions that follow. Passage - 3 The phenomenon of formation of new individuals from existing ones to increase the population is called reproduction. Reproduction can be broadly grouped into two types: asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction Vegetative reproduction is

A) a sexual reproduction done clear

B) an asexual reproduction done clear

C) a pollination done clear

D) a type of fertilization done clear

question_answer 98) DIRECTIONS: Read the passage (s) given below and answer the questions that follow. Passage - 3 The phenomenon of formation of new individuals from existing ones to increase the population is called reproduction. Reproduction can be broadly grouped into two types: asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction The mode of reproduction in which an individual produces offspring with the help of another individual is called:

A) sexual reproduction     done clear

B) asexual reproduction done clear

C) tissue culture done clear

D) fertilization done clear

question_answer 99) DIRECTIONS: Read the passage (s) given below and answer the questions that follow. Passage - 3 The phenomenon of formation of new individuals from existing ones to increase the population is called reproduction. Reproduction can be broadly grouped into two types: asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction In vegetative propagation new plants are produced from

A) roots                done clear

B) stem done clear

C) leaves              done clear

question_answer 100) DIRECTIONS: The questions in this segment consists of two statements, one labelled as "Assertion A" and the other labelled as "Reason R". You are to examine these two statements carefully and decide if the Assertion A and Reason R are individually true and if so, whether the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion. Select your answers to these items using codes given below. Assertion (A): A flower may either have a male or a female part. Reason (R): A flower having both male and female parts is called bisexual flower.

question_answer 101) DIRECTIONS: The questions in this segment consists of two statements, one labelled as "Assertion A" and the other labelled as "Reason R". You are to examine these two statements carefully and decide if the Assertion A and Reason R are individually true and if so, whether the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion. Select your answers to these items using codes given below. Assertion (A): Vegetative propagation is a method of asexual reproduction in plants. Reason (R): In asexual reproduction new plants are obtained without production of seed or spore.

question_answer 102) DIRECTIONS: The questions in this segment consists of two statements, one labelled as "Assertion A" and the other labelled as "Reason R". You are to examine these two statements carefully and decide if the Assertion A and Reason R are individually true and if so, whether the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion. Select your answers to these items using codes given below. Assertion (A): Yeast grows and multiplies every few hours if sufficient nutrients are available to it. Reason (R): When water and nutrients are available algae grow and multiply rapidly by budding.

question_answer 103) DIRECTIONS: The questions in this segment consists of two statements, one labelled as "Assertion A" and the other labelled as "Reason R". You are to examine these two statements carefully and decide if the Assertion A and Reason R are individually true and if so, whether the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion. Select your answers to these items using codes given below. Assertion (A): Seeds germinate and form new plants. Reason (R): A spore germinates and develops into a new individual.

question_answer 104) DIRECTIONS: The questions in this segment consists of two statements, one labelled as "Assertion A" and the other labelled as "Reason R". You are to examine these two statements carefully and decide if the Assertion A and Reason R are individually true and if so, whether the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion. Select your answers to these items using codes given below. Assertion (A): Parts of pistil are anther and filament. Reason (R): Bisexual flowers are those which contain both stamen and pistil.

question_answer 105) DIRECTIONS: Read the following three statements carefully and choose the correct option. (i) Anther is a part of stamen (ii) Filament is a part of stamen (iii) Anther contains pollen grains

A) Statements (i) and (iii) are incorrect but (ii) is correct. done clear

B) Statements (i) and (ii) are incorrect but (iii) is correct. done clear

C) All statements are correct. done clear

D) All statements are incorrect. done clear

question_answer 106) DIRECTIONS: Read the following three statements carefully and choose the correct option. (i) Roots of potato cannot give rise to new plants (ii) Plants produced by vegetative propagation take longer time to grow and bear flowers. (iii) Spores are asexual reproduction bodies

question_answer 107) DIRECTIONS: Read the following three statements carefully and choose the correct option. (i) To cut any branch of a plant called cutting (ii) In asexual reproduction, without seeds plant can give rise to new plants (iii) Vegetative propagation is a method of asexual reproduction

question_answer 108) DIRECTIONS: Read the following three statements carefully and choose the correct option. (i) A flower that contain only male or female parts is called bisexual flowers. (ii) A flower that contain all four parts is known as incomplete flower. (iii) A flower which contains only male or female part is called complete flower.

question_answer 109) DIRECTIONS: Read the following three statements carefully and choose the correct option. (i) Moringa seeds are dispersed by wind (ii) The seeds of Balsam are dispersed by explosion (iii) Seeds of coconut are dispersed by water

question_answer 110) DIRECTIONS: Read the following three statements carefully and choose the correct option. (i) Spirogyra reproduce by budding (ii) Rose reproduce by stem cutting (iii) Yeast reproduce by fragmentation

A) modified roots done clear

B) modified underground stems done clear

C) modifical underground leaves done clear

D) All of these done clear

A) A                      done clear

B) B done clear

C) C                                 done clear

D) D done clear

A) X = petal, Y = stalk    done clear

B) X = sepal, Y = carpel done clear

C) X = petal, Y = anther done clear

D) X = sepal, Y = anther done clear

A) X = plumule, Y = testa done clear

B) X = plumule, Y = radicle done clear

C) X = food store, Y = radicle done clear

D) X = radicle, Y = testa done clear

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Question - Reproduction in Plants

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The fascinating secrets of plant reproduction that scientists are still uncovering

Professor of Plant Cell Biology , Aberystwyth University

Reader in Plant Cell Biology , Aberystwyth University

Disclosure statement

John Doonan receives funding from UKRI, USDA and EU

Maurice Bosch receives funding from UKRI.

Aberystwyth University provides funding as a member of The Conversation UK.

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You might think flowers don’t have much choice about who they mate with, given they are rooted to the ground and can’t move.

But when scientists from Nagoya, Japan used powerful microscopes to study the fertilisation process, they were surprised to find the female part of a flowering plant (ovules) could repel sperm from pollen and direct them to nearby unfertilised ovules in the same plant.

First though, it’s important to understand how reproduction in flowering plants works. Just like animals, flowering plants engage in sexual reproduction where male and female parts come together and create new life.

In both flowering plants and animals, these reproductive cells, also known as gametes , contain half the number of chromosomes found in normal adult cells. The fusion of gametes restores the normal number of chromosomes and allows the development of an embryo that can eventually develop into an adult, like the plants and people you see around you.

Many people think of plants as nice-looking greens. Essential for clean air, yes, but simple organisms. A step change in research is shaking up the way scientists think about plants: they are far more complex and more like us than you might imagine. This blossoming field of science is too delightful to do it justice in one or two stories.

This article is part of a series, Plant Curious , exploring scientific studies that challenge the way you view plantlife.

Most organisms produce far more sperm than eggs . In mammal reproduction, the sperm are highly mobile, and many arrive at the egg around the same time. Yet multiple fertilisation rarely happens. This would introduce unneeded chromosomes, unbalance the embryo’s genome and probably lead to developmental abnormalities including death.

Flowering plants face similar challenges in matching one sperm to one egg, but they handle it quite differently from mammals like us. Even the production of eggs and sperm in plants is more complex.

Pollen, which carries the male gametes, is produced in specialised organs called anthers . These are the oval shaped parts forming the top of the stamen. When the anthers rupture, which needs to be synchronised with flower development, mature pollen grains are exposed. These pollen grains are transferred to the female parts of the flower, often through the help of wind, insects, birds, or other pollinators. But numerous biological gatekeepers, or barriers, ensure that only appropriate pairings happen.

When the pollen arrives on the sticky receptive surface of the female part of the flower, called the stigma, which is part of the pistil, the pollen has to germinate on the stigma. It then grows down through the style, towards the egg, which resides deep inside the ovule. The pollen can only do this if it is compatible with the pistil. Just like in animals, reproducing within the family can have disadvantages in plants such as poor growth.

To avoid these issues, around 50% of flowering plant species have developed a mechanism called self-incompatibility , which helps to prevent inbreeding. For instance, when pollen and pistil proteins recognise each other as being from the same plant, a signal is sent to block the growth of the pollen tube, preventing fertilisation.

But many pollen grains can land on a stigma and germinate. So, how do plants ensure that each ovule is only penetrated by just one pollen tube? Using live cell microscopy along with special fluorescent trackers , scientists can observe and measure changes inside cells. This technology helps us understand how pollen tube growth is controlled by monitoring different aspects of cell activity, such as energy levels, acidity and cellular structures.

The recent study from Japan used advanced imaging techniques to show that protein signals guide a pollen tube to an individual ovule within the ovary, through a process called chemotaxis . Chemotaxis acts a bit like a navigation system where the growing tip of the pollen tube homes in on the source of these protein signals.

The system also ensures that each ovule pairs with just one pollen tube. The researchers found the system includes a repulsion signal too. Once a pollen tube is fixed on a particular ovule, a different signal prevents additional pollen tubes from approaching that same ovule and redirects pollen tubes to other ovules.

This precise orchestration ensures successful fertilisation and efficient seed production, which is essential for producing our food.

There’s another barrier when the pollen tube releases the sperm cells into the ovule. Most non-flowering, often referred to as “lower”, plants such as ferns, mosses and algae, have mobile male gametes that are similar to animal sperm. The sperm of flowering plants, however, have lost their mobility and are delivered to their destinations by the pollen tube which can grow at speeds of up to 1cm per hour.

Throughout its journey within the female parts of the flower (the stigma, style and ovule), intense communication happens between the pollen tube and the various parts of the pistil. The ovule secretes attractants, small proteins called LUREs , which guide pollen tubes to grow towards it. Once the tube reaches the ovule, it enters and releases its two sperm cells.

In a fascinating evolutionary twist, these two sperm perform a double fertilisation : one sperm fertilises the egg cell while the other fertilises a special cell called the central cell. The fertilised egg cell develops into the embryo that will grow into a new plant, while the fertilised central cell creates an endosperm. The endosperm is a kind of tissue that supports and feeds the embryo, much like the mammalian placenta feeds the unborn baby.

Although the endosperm is temporary in many species and the seed is primarily just embryo, in grasses, the endosperm forms a large part of the ripe seed that we harvest for making foods like bread, rice and porridge.

Plants are so different from us it is easy to dismiss them as simple. But every year scientists are learning more about how intricate and complex their lives are.

• Reproduction
• Plant Curious

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