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English literature refers to the body of written works produced in the English language, primarily by authors from England and other English-speaking countries. It encompasses various genres, including novels, plays, poetry, essays, and short stories. English literature spans several centuries, beginning with the works of medieval writers like Geoffrey Chaucer and continuing through the Renaissance, Romanticism, Victorian era, and into the modern and postmodern periods.

English literature is renowned for its rich and diverse literary tradition, featuring celebrated authors such as William Shakespeare, Jane Austen, Charles Dickens, Virginia Woolf, William Wordsworth, and many others. These writers have made significant contributions to the development and evolution of literary forms, techniques, and themes.

Studying English literature involves analyzing and interpreting literary works within their historical, cultural, and social contexts. It explores themes such as love, human nature, morality, power, identity, and societal issues. Scholars and students of English literature engage in close reading, literary analysis, and critical interpretation to uncover deeper meanings, explore literary devices, and appreciate the artistry and craftsmanship of the written word.

English literature serves not only as a means of artistic expression but also as a reflection of the human experience, shedding light on different perspectives, cultures, and eras. It offers insights into the complexities of human emotions, relationships, and societal structures, making it a subject of enduring fascination and study.

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• How to Write a Literature Review | Guide, Examples, & Templates

How to Write a Literature Review | Guide, Examples, & Templates

Published on January 2, 2023 by Shona McCombes . Revised on September 11, 2023.

What is a literature review? A literature review is a survey of scholarly sources on a specific topic. It provides an overview of current knowledge, allowing you to identify relevant theories, methods, and gaps in the existing research that you can later apply to your paper, thesis, or dissertation topic .

There are five key steps to writing a literature review:

• Search for relevant literature
• Evaluate sources
• Identify themes, debates, and gaps
• Outline the structure
• Write your literature review

A good literature review doesn’t just summarize sources—it analyzes, synthesizes , and critically evaluates to give a clear picture of the state of knowledge on the subject.

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Table of contents

What is the purpose of a literature review, examples of literature reviews, step 1 – search for relevant literature, step 2 – evaluate and select sources, step 3 – identify themes, debates, and gaps, step 4 – outline your literature review’s structure, step 5 – write your literature review, free lecture slides, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions, introduction.

• Quick Run-through
• Step 1 & 2

When you write a thesis , dissertation , or research paper , you will likely have to conduct a literature review to situate your research within existing knowledge. The literature review gives you a chance to:

• Demonstrate your familiarity with the topic and its scholarly context
• Develop a theoretical framework and methodology for your research
• Position your work in relation to other researchers and theorists
• Show how your research addresses a gap or contributes to a debate
• Evaluate the current state of research and demonstrate your knowledge of the scholarly debates around your topic.

Writing literature reviews is a particularly important skill if you want to apply for graduate school or pursue a career in research. We’ve written a step-by-step guide that you can follow below.

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Writing literature reviews can be quite challenging! A good starting point could be to look at some examples, depending on what kind of literature review you’d like to write.

• Example literature review #1: “Why Do People Migrate? A Review of the Theoretical Literature” ( Theoretical literature review about the development of economic migration theory from the 1950s to today.)
• Example literature review #2: “Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines” ( Methodological literature review about interdisciplinary knowledge acquisition and production.)
• Example literature review #3: “The Use of Technology in English Language Learning: A Literature Review” ( Thematic literature review about the effects of technology on language acquisition.)
• Example literature review #4: “Learners’ Listening Comprehension Difficulties in English Language Learning: A Literature Review” ( Chronological literature review about how the concept of listening skills has changed over time.)

You can also check out our templates with literature review examples and sample outlines at the links below.

Download Word doc Download Google doc

Before you begin searching for literature, you need a clearly defined topic .

If you are writing the literature review section of a dissertation or research paper, you will search for literature related to your research problem and questions .

Make a list of keywords

Start by creating a list of keywords related to your research question. Include each of the key concepts or variables you’re interested in, and list any synonyms and related terms. You can add to this list as you discover new keywords in the process of your literature search.

• Social media, Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Snapchat, TikTok
• Body image, self-perception, self-esteem, mental health
• Generation Z, teenagers, adolescents, youth

Search for relevant sources

Use your keywords to begin searching for sources. Some useful databases to search for journals and articles include:

• Your university’s library catalogue
• Google Scholar
• Project Muse (humanities and social sciences)
• Medline (life sciences and biomedicine)
• EconLit (economics)
• Inspec (physics, engineering and computer science)

You can also use boolean operators to help narrow down your search.

Make sure to read the abstract to find out whether an article is relevant to your question. When you find a useful book or article, you can check the bibliography to find other relevant sources.

You likely won’t be able to read absolutely everything that has been written on your topic, so it will be necessary to evaluate which sources are most relevant to your research question.

For each publication, ask yourself:

• What question or problem is the author addressing?
• What are the key concepts and how are they defined?
• What are the key theories, models, and methods?
• Does the research use established frameworks or take an innovative approach?
• What are the results and conclusions of the study?
• How does the publication relate to other literature in the field? Does it confirm, add to, or challenge established knowledge?
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of the research?

Make sure the sources you use are credible , and make sure you read any landmark studies and major theories in your field of research.

You can use our template to summarize and evaluate sources you’re thinking about using. Click on either button below to download.

Take notes and cite your sources

As you read, you should also begin the writing process. Take notes that you can later incorporate into the text of your literature review.

It is important to keep track of your sources with citations to avoid plagiarism . It can be helpful to make an annotated bibliography , where you compile full citation information and write a paragraph of summary and analysis for each source. This helps you remember what you read and saves time later in the process.

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To begin organizing your literature review’s argument and structure, be sure you understand the connections and relationships between the sources you’ve read. Based on your reading and notes, you can look for:

• Trends and patterns (in theory, method or results): do certain approaches become more or less popular over time?
• Themes: what questions or concepts recur across the literature?
• Debates, conflicts and contradictions: where do sources disagree?
• Pivotal publications: are there any influential theories or studies that changed the direction of the field?
• Gaps: what is missing from the literature? Are there weaknesses that need to be addressed?

This step will help you work out the structure of your literature review and (if applicable) show how your own research will contribute to existing knowledge.

• Most research has focused on young women.
• There is an increasing interest in the visual aspects of social media.
• But there is still a lack of robust research on highly visual platforms like Instagram and Snapchat—this is a gap that you could address in your own research.

There are various approaches to organizing the body of a literature review. Depending on the length of your literature review, you can combine several of these strategies (for example, your overall structure might be thematic, but each theme is discussed chronologically).

Chronological

The simplest approach is to trace the development of the topic over time. However, if you choose this strategy, be careful to avoid simply listing and summarizing sources in order.

Try to analyze patterns, turning points and key debates that have shaped the direction of the field. Give your interpretation of how and why certain developments occurred.

If you have found some recurring central themes, you can organize your literature review into subsections that address different aspects of the topic.

For example, if you are reviewing literature about inequalities in migrant health outcomes, key themes might include healthcare policy, language barriers, cultural attitudes, legal status, and economic access.

Methodological

If you draw your sources from different disciplines or fields that use a variety of research methods , you might want to compare the results and conclusions that emerge from different approaches. For example:

• Look at what results have emerged in qualitative versus quantitative research
• Discuss how the topic has been approached by empirical versus theoretical scholarship
• Divide the literature into sociological, historical, and cultural sources

Theoretical

A literature review is often the foundation for a theoretical framework . You can use it to discuss various theories, models, and definitions of key concepts.

You might argue for the relevance of a specific theoretical approach, or combine various theoretical concepts to create a framework for your research.

Like any other academic text , your literature review should have an introduction , a main body, and a conclusion . What you include in each depends on the objective of your literature review.

The introduction should clearly establish the focus and purpose of the literature review.

Depending on the length of your literature review, you might want to divide the body into subsections. You can use a subheading for each theme, time period, or methodological approach.

As you write, you can follow these tips:

• Summarize and synthesize: give an overview of the main points of each source and combine them into a coherent whole
• Analyze and interpret: don’t just paraphrase other researchers — add your own interpretations where possible, discussing the significance of findings in relation to the literature as a whole
• Critically evaluate: mention the strengths and weaknesses of your sources
• Write in well-structured paragraphs: use transition words and topic sentences to draw connections, comparisons and contrasts

In the conclusion, you should summarize the key findings you have taken from the literature and emphasize their significance.

When you’ve finished writing and revising your literature review, don’t forget to proofread thoroughly before submitting. Not a language expert? Check out Scribbr’s professional proofreading services !

This article has been adapted into lecture slides that you can use to teach your students about writing a literature review.

Scribbr slides are free to use, customize, and distribute for educational purposes.

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If you want to know more about the research process , methodology , research bias , or statistics , make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples.

• Sampling methods
• Simple random sampling
• Stratified sampling
• Cluster sampling
• Likert scales
• Reproducibility

 Statistics

• Null hypothesis
• Statistical power
• Probability distribution
• Effect size
• Poisson distribution

Research bias

• Optimism bias
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• Implicit bias
• Hawthorne effect
• Anchoring bias
• Explicit bias

A literature review is a survey of scholarly sources (such as books, journal articles, and theses) related to a specific topic or research question .

It is often written as part of a thesis, dissertation , or research paper , in order to situate your work in relation to existing knowledge.

There are several reasons to conduct a literature review at the beginning of a research project:

• To familiarize yourself with the current state of knowledge on your topic
• To ensure that you’re not just repeating what others have already done
• To identify gaps in knowledge and unresolved problems that your research can address
• To develop your theoretical framework and methodology
• To provide an overview of the key findings and debates on the topic

Writing the literature review shows your reader how your work relates to existing research and what new insights it will contribute.

The literature review usually comes near the beginning of your thesis or dissertation . After the introduction , it grounds your research in a scholarly field and leads directly to your theoretical framework or methodology .

A literature review is a survey of credible sources on a topic, often used in dissertations , theses, and research papers . Literature reviews give an overview of knowledge on a subject, helping you identify relevant theories and methods, as well as gaps in existing research. Literature reviews are set up similarly to other  academic texts , with an introduction , a main body, and a conclusion .

An  annotated bibliography is a list of  source references that has a short description (called an annotation ) for each of the sources. It is often assigned as part of the research process for a  paper .  

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McCombes, S. (2023, September 11). How to Write a Literature Review | Guide, Examples, & Templates. Scribbr. Retrieved June 24, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/dissertation/literature-review/

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8 Tips for a Literature Review Presentation

by Caleb Youngwerth

Literature reviews for research are very different from any other presentation you may have done before, so prepare to relearn how to present. The goals of research literature reviews are different, the style is different, even the pacing is different. Even if you have previously done a literature review in an academic setting, you will still want to know these tips. I found this out the hard way, so you don’t have to. Also, to clarify, these tips are meant for a literature review of a topic, not a singular study or paper, though many of the tips do apply to both.

1. Highlight current research

The point of a literature review for research is to highlight the current state of research related to your topic, not to simply give background information. Background information is important and should be included, but the focus of the presentation should be showing some current studies that either confirm or challenge the topic you are studying. As much as textbooks from 30 years ago might seem to have all the information you need for your presentation, a research study from this decade does a far better job representing the current state of the topic, which is the end goal of the presentation. Also, since the new research should be the focal point of the presentation, as a general piece of advice, try to give each research study a minimum of one full slide, so you can give a fuller picture of what the study actually concluded and how they reached their conclusion.

2. Alternate old and new

The best way to keep people listening to your presentation is to vary what you include in your presentation. Rather than trying to give all of the background information first and then showcase all the flashy new research, try to use the two interchangeably. Organize the presentation by idea and give all the background needed for the idea, then develop the idea further by using the new research studies to help illustrate your point. By doing this, you not only avoid having to backtrack and reteach the background for each and every new study, but also help keep the presentation interesting for the audience. This method also helps the audience avoid being overwhelmed since only a little bit of new information is introduced at a time. Obviously, you may need to include a brief introductory section that contains nothing but textbook information that is absolutely necessary to understand anything about the topic, but the more varied the presentation, the better.

3. Use complete sentences

Every presentation class up to this point probably has taught you that slides with full sentences are harmful to your presentation because it is distracting to the listener. Unlearn all that information for this style of presentation. Bullet points are still good, but you should have complete ideas (which usually means complete sentences) for every single point. If someone would be able to read your slides and not hear you, and still be able to understand most of your presentation, your literature review is perfect in a research setting. The point of this presentation is to share all the new information you have learned, so hiding it is helping no one. You still do not want to be reading your slides verbatim and can absolutely add information beyond the slides, but all your main ideas should be on the slides.

4. Read smart

I will admit that I stole this tip from Rosy, but it is a very good tip, so I decided to include it. When you read, you want to read as much as you can, but wasting time reading an irrelevant research study is helping no one. When finding a new study, read the abstract, then the conclusion, then the pictures. If it looks like a good study from those three parts, or you personally find it interesting, you then can go over the actual paper and read it, but by reading the less dense parts first, you can get a general idea of the study without actually having to take a lot of time to read the entire paper. Though textbooks and review papers generally are a little more difficult to read using this method, you can still look at the introduction, pictures, and conclusion and save time reading the rest if the source ends up not being interesting or important.

5. Reading is good for you

As much as you want to read smart when you can, the more you read, the more knowledgeable you become. The goal of the presentation is to become an expert on you topic, so the only way you can do that is by reading as much as you can. You should read more information than you present, since many sources you read probably will not fit in a time-constrained presentation. As Rosy likes to say, in anything research, only about 10% of what you know should actually be shared with the world. By reading more, you are better-suited to answer questions, and you also just generally are able to understand what you are studying better because, chances are, the main purpose of this presentation for you is to help you better understand your research. If something looks interesting and is vaguely related to your topic, read it; it will be beneficial to you, even if you do not end up presenting the information.

6. Let pictures talk for you

When reading research papers, the pictures are usually the best part. Your presentation should be the same way. The best way to be able to show the concept you are trying to explain is to literally show it. The best way to show the results of a research study is usually by showing a graph or infographic, so if the paper has a graph that shows the results, you should absolutely use it. Charts, diagrams, and even videos can also help illustrate a piece of background information that might be difficult to put into words. That being said, you should know and be able to explain every single part of the graphic. Otherwise, it loses meaning and makes the audience even more confused. Captions can and should be used to help explain the graphic, not only to remind you, but also let your audience know what the general idea of the graphic is. Since they keep slides interesting, you should probably have some sort of picture on every slide, otherwise the slides will be not only bland, but also likely less informative.

7. Avoid overcrowded slides

Just because you should have a lot of information in your presentation does not mean that your slides need to show that. In fact, a slide with too much information will only harm your presentation since your audience will be distracted trying to read all of a long slide while you are trying to explain it. Doing anything to make slides less dense will help avoid having the audience focused on the slide, so they focus on you more. Transitions that only show one point at a time or wait to reveal an image can be helpful in breaking up an overcrowded slide. Also, simply adding more slides can help since it accomplishes the purpose of putting less information on your slides while still keeping the exact same amount of information. You still want to share as much information as you can with the audience, but overcrowded slides do not accomplish this purpose.

8. Expect questions

Another thing that might be slightly different about a research presentation is questions. Most presentations have the question section after the presenter has finished. Research presentations are different because they allow for questions during the presentation (assuming it is a presentation to a small group). If you get any questions in the middle of the presentation, it is not someone being rude, but simply a fellow researcher who is legitimately curious about your topic. Of course, there will be a question period after the presentation, but you may be asked questions during the presentation. If you read enough information on the topic, you should be able to answer any question easily, but if the question is completely unrelated to anything you read, then it is perfectly reasonable to answer that you did not research the specific area in question. Overall, the questions related to your presentation should not be your biggest worry, but you should definitely be ready.

These are not all the rules for a literature review presentation nor are they set in stone. These are just some tips that I was told or learned that were the most helpful for me, so I hope they will help you too. I had to rewrite my presentation entirely my first literature review because I did not understand some of these differences, so if you give the presentation when you are scheduled to go, you are already better off than I was. Also, do not be afraid to ask anyone in the research group, even Rosy, if you need help. Chances are everyone in the group has given a literature review presentation at some point, so we would be more than happy to help you if you are confused about something. That being said, we are not experts on your topic, so specific questions about organization and content are going to have to be figured out by yourself. Either way, no matter what you do, do not stress out about this presentation. The goal of the presentation is mostly just to help improve your knowledge on a topic, and the presentation is simply to share with the group some of the information you have learned. Best of luck with the presentation, and I hope these tips help clear up what exactly the goal of a literature review presentation in a research setting is.

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Introduction to Literature

Published by Norma Tucker Modified over 6 years ago

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6 Tips For Giving a Fabulous Academic Presentation

6-tips-for-giving-a-fabulous-academic-presentation.

Tanya Golash-Boza, Associate Professor of Sociology, University of California

January 11, 2022

One of the easiest ways to stand out at an academic conference is to give a fantastic presentation.

In this post, I will discuss a few simple techniques that can make your presentation stand out. Although, it does take time to make a good presentation, it is well worth the investment.

Tip #1: Use PowerPoint Judiciously

Images are powerful. Research shows that images help with memory and learning. Use this to your advantage by finding and using images that help you make your point. One trick I have learned is that you can use images that have blank space in them and you can put words in those images.

Here is one such example from a presentation I gave about immigration law enforcement.

PowerPoint is a great tool, so long as you use it effectively. Generally, this means using lots of visuals and relatively few words. Never use less than 24-point font. And, please, never put your presentation on the slides and read from the slides.

Tip #2: There is a formula to academic presentations. Use it.

Once you have become an expert at giving fabulous presentations, you can deviate from the formula. However, if you are new to presenting, you might want to follow it. This will vary slightly by field, however, I will give an example from my field – sociology – to give you an idea as to what the format should look like:

• Introduction/Overview/Hook
• Theoretical Framework/Research Question
• Methodology/Case Selection
• Background/Literature Review
• Discussion of Data/Results

Tip #3: The audience wants to hear about your research. Tell them.

One of the most common mistakes I see in people giving presentations is that they present only information I already know. This usually happens when they spend nearly all of the presentation going over the existing literature and giving background information on their particular case. You need only to discuss the literature with which you are directly engaging and contributing. Your background information should only include what is absolutely necessary. If you are giving a 15-minute presentation, by the 6 th minute, you need to be discussing your data or case study. At conferences, people are there to learn about your new and exciting research, not to hear a summary of old work.

Tip #4: Practice. Practice. Practice.

You should always practice your presentation in full before you deliver it. You might feel silly delivering your presentation to your cat or your toddler, but you need to do it and do it again. You need to practice to ensure that your presentation fits within the time parameters. Practicing also makes it flow better. You can’t practice too many times.

Tip #5: Keep To Your Time Limit

If you have ten minutes to present, prepare ten minutes of material. No more. Even if you only have seven minutes, you need to finish within the allotted time. If you write your presentation out, a general rule of thumb is two minutes per typed, double-spaced page. For a fifteen-minute talk, you should have no more than 7 double-spaced pages of material.

Tip #6: Don’t Read Your Presentation

Yes, I know that in some fields reading is the norm. But, can you honestly say that you find yourself engaged when listening to someone read their conference presentation? If you absolutely must read, I suggest you read in such a way that no one in the audience can tell you are reading. I have seen people do this successfully, and you can do it too if you write in a conversational tone, practice several times, and read your paper with emotion, conviction, and variation in tone.

What tips do you have for presenters? What is one of the best presentations you have seen? What made it so fantastic? Let us know in the comments below.

Want to learn more about the publishing process? The Wiley Researcher Academy is an online author training program designed to help researchers develop the skills and knowledge needed to be able to publish successfully. Learn more about Wiley Researcher Academy .

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119 Best Literature-Themed Templates for PowerPoint & Google Slides

With over 6 million presentation templates available for you to choose from, crystalgraphics is the award-winning provider of the world’s largest collection of templates for powerpoint and google slides. so, take your time and look around. you’ll like what you see whether you want 1 great template or an ongoing subscription, we've got affordable purchasing options and 24/7 download access to fit your needs. thanks to our unbeatable combination of quality, selection and unique customization options, crystalgraphics is the company you can count on for your presentation enhancement needs. just ask any of our thousands of satisfied customers from virtually every leading company around the world. they love our products. we think you will, too" id="category_description">crystalgraphics creates templates designed to make even average presentations look incredible. below you’ll see thumbnail sized previews of the title slides of a few of our 119 best literature templates for powerpoint and google slides. the text you’ll see in in those slides is just example text. the literature-related image or video you’ll see in the background of each title slide is designed to help you set the stage for your literature-related topics and it is included with that template. in addition to the title slides, each of our templates comes with 17 additional slide layouts that you can use to create an unlimited number of presentation slides with your own added text and images. and every template is available in both widescreen and standard formats. with over 6 million presentation templates available for you to choose from, crystalgraphics is the award-winning provider of the world’s largest collection of templates for powerpoint and google slides. so, take your time and look around. you’ll like what you see whether you want 1 great template or an ongoing subscription, we've got affordable purchasing options and 24/7 download access to fit your needs. thanks to our unbeatable combination of quality, selection and unique customization options, crystalgraphics is the company you can count on for your presentation enhancement needs. just ask any of our thousands of satisfied customers from virtually every leading company around the world. they love our products. we think you will, too.

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Earth globe with jigsaw puzzle pattern and cuttings from famous books

Presentation design with quill pen and ink well resting on an old book in a library concept for literature writing author and history background

Slide deck with wooden blocks with the text language background

Theme with education school literature reading and knowledge concept - oak tree growing on heap of books on wooden table

Slide deck consisting of quill pen and inkwell resting on an old book with green background concept for literature writing author and history

Presentation theme having quill pen and ink well resting on an old book in a library concept for literature writing author and history

PPT theme enhanced with quill pen resting on an old book on a desk concept for literature writing author and history background

PPT theme having books in library concept for education literature and reading

Presentation design enhanced with literature reading and poetry concept - book with autumn leaf on blanket at home

Slide deck having open book dim lighting for effect

Slide set enhanced with library with books on shelf literature concept

PPT layouts with poetry word cloud - handwriting on a handmade rag paper literature terms

Slide deck featuring stack of books and school bell on desk with chalkboard

PPT theme consisting of word grammer with old typwriter keys monochrome

PPT theme enhanced with business man pointing the text learning languages

Slide deck featuring word thesis with old typwriter keys monochrome

PPT theme enhanced with literature author in glasses typing on typewriter

Slide deck consisting of woman working with a set of letters writing concept backdrop

Slides consisting of woman working with a set of letters writing concept

PPT theme having word phonics and student holding notepads against stack of books against sky backdrop

Presentation theme featuring poetry word abstract in gritty vintage letterpress metal types against colorful handmade paper art writing and literature concept background

Slide deck consisting of word grammer with old typwriter keys monochrome backdrop

Slide deck featuring globe with books and world map on background world literature concept

Presentation consisting of literature reading concept banner or header image with stack of antique books against a dark background

Slide deck enhanced with love read write poetry crossword in ivory letter tiles against textured handmade paper art writing and literature concept

PPT theme with english alphabet background backdrop

Slide deck enhanced with poetry card with colorful background with defocused lights

Presentation theme consisting of glasses on opened book dictionary

Presentation theme enhanced with visual poetry word abstract in vintage letterpress wood type with a cup of coffee against handmade bark paper literature and visual media concept

Presentation theme enhanced with open book dim lighting for effect backdrop

Presentation theme consisting of coffee over newspaper

PPT layouts featuring laptop

Presentation theme with female hand holding up the uppercase capital letter c isolated against a purple background conceptual of the alphabet writing literature and typeface

PPT theme having three old book ends

PPT theme having leisure literature and people concept - smiling african american woman reading book at home

Theme consisting of word literature with old typewriter in monochrome

Theme featuring poetry backdrop

Theme consisting of cup from coffee and the newspaper backdrop

Presentation theme enhanced with coffee over newspaper

Presentation theme with house of robinson crusoe beautiful island with blue bay and palm trees backdrop

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English Literature Theme - Free Download

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Want students to enjoy your English literature lectures? Our English Literature PowerPoint Template and Google Slides Theme is your best bet. English literature is extremely rich. Thanks to the vitality of this language, the authors and genres are heterogenous and rich. Whether you are planning to launch your next novel or speak about literature, use this template for your defense.

Present a lesson about the rich history of literature, the most famous writers, popular dramas, the best works, and much more with our elegantly designed English Literature PowerPoint and Google Slides Theme. The creative design is inspired by the classics and comes with various animated elements that you can use to explain your lessons and present your ideas beautifully. We have crafted this presentation deck to give your audience the vintage vibes and feel of the pages of an old book. Download this set now for an incredible-looking slideshow!

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The set offers gorgeously designed slides for the topic name, introduction, importance of literature in English, kinds of literature, elements of drama, and a conclusion (thank you). We have included editable text placeholders to help add the desired content and make your presentations more informative.

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ELEMENTS OF LITERATURE

Nov 16, 2014

3.02k likes | 7.34k Views

ELEMENTS OF LITERATURE. 1) Short Story. A short form of fiction with characters, a setting, and a plot. It presents a sequence of events, or plot. It resembles longer forms of fiction because it provides the reader with a theme or lesson. 2) Plot.

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• rising action
• main character
• minor character
• story takes place
• rising action eventually leads

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1) Short Story A short form of fiction with characters, a setting, and a plot. It presents a sequence of events, or plot. It resembles longer forms of fiction because it provides the reader with a theme or lesson.

2) Plot Plot is the pattern of events in a story. Plot development usually consists of these elements: 1.Exposition 2. conflict (rising action) 3. Climax 4. falling action 5. resolution. 3 4 2 5 1

3) Exposition The beginning of the story. This is where the reader meets and learns about the main character and setting.

4) Rising Action This is when most of the events take place. The character and conflict is developed. The rising action eventually leads to the climax.

5) Climax This the turning point in the story. It is the high point of the action of the plot. It is the moment of greatest tension. The outcome of the plot depends on the climax.

7) Falling Action The story begins to “wrap up” as the mysteries are explained and the characters return to their own lives.

8) Resolution This is the end of the story. The conflict of the story has been resolved in some way.

Putting It All Together 1. Exposition 2. Rising Action 3. Climax 4. Falling Action 5. Resolution Beginning of Story Middle of Story End of Story

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ffAOkGg2Lr4

9) Character? A character is a person, animal, or object that takes part in the action of a literary work. Types of characters: 1. Protagonist 2. Antagonist 3. Main Character 4. Minor Character

10)Protagonist • The Protagonist is the main character, the hero. (The good guy) • Look at the ROOT • ‘Pro’ means for • The protagonist is generally who the audience roots for

11) Antagonist The Antagonist is the character or force that works against the protagonist. The antagonist can be viewed as the “bad guy”, villian or the source of conflict. Look at the ROOT ‘Anti’ means against The antagonist is against the protagonist reaching their goal

12) Main Character The Main Character is the most important character in the story, poem, or play. Example… Harry Potter, Ron Weasly and Hermione Granger are the MAIN CHARACTERS in the story Harry Potter. These characters are all important to the plot of the story The story could not be told with out these characters.

13) Minor character The Minor Character is the one who takes part in the action, but is not the focus of attention Example… The stepsisters in the story Cinderella These characters take part in the story but they are NOT the main focus. The story can still go on with out them.

On your paper take a few moments to write down a list of Protagonists, Antagonists, Main character and Minor Character that you can recall from movies, television shows, and video games. Protagonist Antagonist Main Minor Character Character

15) Setting

The setting tells the reader where and when a story takes place. What time Of day is it? What is the Weather like? Where is the Location? What is the time period? Hot Rainy Cold Morning Afternoon Night City Neighborhood State Region Era (ex: Great Depression) Time Period

Why is the setting important? For example: A story that takes place in the South during the Civil War would be different than a story that take in New York during the civil war. For example: A story set in the dark woods at night will probably have a scary, eerie feeling. The beliefs and actions of characters Effects The Setting Effects The Setting Feeling or Mood

16) Conflict Conflict is the dramatic struggle between two forces in a story. Without conflict, there is no plot.

Man vs. Man Man vs. Nature Man vs Society Man vs Self What are the different types of Conflict? occurs when one person struggles against another person. occurs when a person struggles against the forces of nature (ex: storm, disease, starvation, wild animals) occurs when a character struggles against the rules, laws, or customs that surround him (ex: a victim of racism, a social outcast, or criminal. occurs when a character struggles with his own fears, ignorance, or conscience.

Man vs. Man • occurs when one person struggles against another person.

Man vs. Nature Man vs. Nature • occurs when a person struggles against the forces of nature (ex: storm, disease, starvation, wild animals)

Man vs. Society • occurs when a character struggles against the rules, laws, or customs that surround him (ex: a victim of racism, a social outcast, or criminal)

Man vs. Self • occurs when a character struggles with his own fears, ignorance, or conscience.

What is Point of View? • Point of view determines who is telling the story. It is the perspective the author chooses to tell the story • There are three types of point of view: • First person • Third person limited • Third person omniscient.

First Person Point of View • Definition: The story is told by one of the characters. The narrator uses the word “I” to refer to that character. The events in the story are interpreted by this character. • Example: As I placed a carefully wrapped package on the park bench, I looked up and saw Molly walking across the street. I hoped that she hadn’t seen me.

Third Person Limited • Definition: Someone outside the story tells the story. The reader know the thoughts and feelings of only one or two characters • Example: As George placed the carefully wrapped package on the park bench, he looked up and saw Molly walking across the street.

Third Person Omniscient • Definition: The narrator provides the thoughts and feelings of many different characters. The reader can “get inside the head” of all the main characters. • Example: George anxiously hoping that no one was watching him, placed a carefully wrapped package on an empty park bench. But Molly, who was walking home, saw him and couldn’t help thinking that he was acting strangely.

What is Foreshadowing? • Foreshadowing is when the author gives clues or hints about what might happen later on in a story. • Writers use foreshadowing to build their readers’ expectations and to create suspense. • Example: Nothing could go wrong on such a perfect day. Or so I, in my childlike innocence thought. • Example: When you hear scary music in a movie, something scary is probably going to happen.

What is Theme? Theme is the central message, concern, or purpose of a story. It is the lesson of the story. A theme can usually be expressed as a general statement about human beings or about life. 2 Types General Themes Specific Themes • The “big ideas” in a piece of literature. • Example: love, friendship, or good vs. evil. • The message the author is trying to communicate to the reader. • Example: Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. • Example: Love conquers all. • Example: Money can’t buy happiness.

What is Tone? • Tone is the feeling that the story gives to the reader. • Some words that are used to describe tone are: light dark scary spooky mysterious joyful Example: Tale Tell Heart http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t8So5ZyFtWU

What are the three types of literarture? 1. Short Story 2. Novel 3. Poetry

What is a Novel? • A long work of fiction. • It has a plot or a sequence of events that explores the characters facing a problem in specific time and place. • May introduce subplots or minor stories within a larger one. • May have several themes.

What is Poetry? Each word has meaning Poetry uses: Imagery Figurative language - simile, metaphor, personification Sound Devices Such as rhyme.

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Literature 101

It seems that you like this template, literature 101 presentation, premium google slides theme, powerpoint template, and canva presentation template.

Since you're a person that’s interested in learning more about literature, we introduce you to this template: Literature 101, the perfect way to explore the world of literature! With an elegant and sophisticated vintage design, our template uses pale colors and detailed ornamentation to bring literature to life. Explore the various elements of literature, from poetry to fiction to drama, all in one place. Whether you’re new to literature or a literature buff, this template has something for everyone. So, don’t wait! Download Literature 101 today and learn something new.

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Intestinal Clear Cell Sarcoma-A Case Presentation of an Extremely Rare Tumor and Literature Review

Affiliations.

• 1 General Surgery Department 10, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
• 2 General Surgery and Surgical Oncology Department I, Bucharest Institute of Oncology "Prof. Dr. Al. Trestioreanu", 022328 Bucharest, Romania.
• 3 Pathology Department, Bucharest Institute of Oncology "Prof. Dr. Al. Trestioreanu", 022328 Bucharest, Romania.
• PMID: 38929464
• PMCID: PMC11205295
• DOI: 10.3390/medicina60060847

Background : Clear cell sarcoma (CCS) is an extremely rare form of sarcoma representing less than 1% of all soft-tissue sarcomas. It has morphological, structural, and immunohistochemical similarities to malignant melanoma, affecting young adults and equally affecting both sexes, and is usually located in the tendinous sheaths and aponeuroses of the limbs. Gastrointestinal localization is exceptional, with less than 100 cases reported thus far. The gene fusion of activating transcription factor 1 (ATF1) and the Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1 (EWSR1) are pathognomonic for clear cell sarcoma, representing the key to the diagnosis. CCS is an extremely aggressive tumor, with >30% having distant or lymphatic metastasis at the time of diagnostic, and it has a high recurrence rate of over 80% in the first year after diagnosis and a high tendency for metastatic dissemination. Given the rarity of this tumor, there is no standardized treatment. Early diagnosis and radical surgery are essential in the treatment of CCS both for the primary tumor and for recurrence or metastasis. Chemo-radiotherapy has very little effect and is rarely indicated, and the role of targeted therapies is still under investigation. Case presentation : We present an extremely rare case of intestinal CSS in a 44-year-old Caucasian female. The patient, asymptomatic, first presented for a routine checkup and was diagnosed with mild iron-deficiency anemia. Given her family history of multiple digestive cancers, additional investigations were requested (gastroscopy, colonoscopy, tumoral markers and imaging) and the results were all within normal limits. In the subsequent period, the patient experienced mild diffuse recurrent abdominal pain, which occurred every 2-3 months. Two years later, the patient presented with symptoms of intestinal obstruction and underwent an emergency laparotomy followed by segmental enterectomy and regional lymphadenectomy for stenotic tumor of the jejunum. Histology, immunohistochemistry, and genetic testing established the diagnosis of CCS. No adjuvant therapy was indicated. Initially, no signs of recurrence or metastasis were detected, but after 30 and 46 months, respectively, from the primary treatment, the patient developed liver metastasis and pericolic peritoneal implants treated by atypical hepatic resections and right hemicolectomy. The patient remains under observation.

Keywords: EWSR1-ATF1 fusion protein; EWSR1-CREB1; clear cell sarcoma; intestinal clear cell sarcoma; rare sarcomas; soft-tissue melanoma; soft-tissue sarcoma.

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Dapagliflozin-Induced Acute Pancreatitis: A Case Presentation and Review of the Literature

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19 References

9. pharmacologic approaches to glycemic treatment: standards of care in diabetes-2024., analysis of acute pancreatitis associated with sglt-2 inhibitors and predictive factors of the death risk: based on food and drug administration adverse event report system database, probable dapagliflozin-associated acute pancreatitis., an investigation on the association between sodium glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors use and acute pancreatitis: a vigibase study, adverse side effects: empagliflozin-related acute pancreatitis case report, dapagliflozin-induced acute pancreatitis: a case report and review of literature, a review of the mechanism of action, metabolic profile and haemodynamic effects of sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors, empagliflozin-induced pancreatitis, dapagliflozin induced pancreatitis, drug-induced necrotizing pancreatitis with a focus on canagliflozin., related papers.

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