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How to Code the Hangman Game in Python [Step-by-Step]

In this tutorial, we will create the hangman game in Python. We will follow a step-by-step process and gradually build it.

To code the hangman game in Python you have to use the input() function to ask the user to guess a letter. Then you keep track of the maximum number of attempts allowed and if that’s reached before guessing the full word the user loses. To print the hangman stages you can use multi-line strings.

We will start by writing the code to guess a single letter…

Once this is done we will repeat this code over and over using a Python while loop.

Pick a Random Word for the Hangman in Python

Let’s start working on our hangman game by creating a Python function that returns a random word for our user to guess.

Import the random module and define a list of strings that contains 5 words.

Then add a function called select_word() that randomly selects one word from the list using the function random.choice() .

The random.choice() function returns a random element from a sequence.

Call the function and test the Python program several times to make sure you get back random words.

Here is the output:

The function works fine.

Which Variables Do We Need for the Hangman Game?

For our hangman game we will need the following variables:

• remaining_attempts : this is an integer and represents the number of remaining attempts to guess the “secret” word. This value will be initially set to 6 (head + body + arms + legs).
• guessed_letters : a string that contains all the letters guessed by the user that are in the “secret” word.

Here is how we set these two variables:

Somehow we also have to print the different stages of the hangman depending on how many mistakes the user makes.

In other words, the stage of the hangman we will print will depend on the value of the remaining_attempts variable.

Let me explain…

We will create a list of strings in which every element represents a stage of the hangman. For a string to “draw” the hangman, we will use multiline strings (delimited by triple quotes).

Create a separate file called hangman_stages.py where we can define a function that returns one of the multi-line strings in the list depending on the value of the variable remaining_attempts .

This is the content of the hangman_stages.py file:

In the next sections, we will import this Python function to display the hangman.

How Do You Write the Code to See the Word to Guess?

Now it’s time to write the code to ask our user to guess a letter.

First of all, you have to print a sequence of underscores where the number of underscores is the number of letters in the word to guess.

Here is what I mean…

Firstly we have defined a function called print_secret_word() that prints a sequence of underscores separated by spaces where the number of underscores is equal to the number of letters in the secret word.

Then we passed the secret_word variable to the print_secret_word() function after obtaining the secret_word from the select_word() function we have defined previously.

Notice that instead of writing our code one line after another we are already splitting it in functions.

This makes it a lot more readable!

As an exercise, at the end of this tutorial try to remove functions and see how bad the readability of the code becomes.

Below you can see the output of the previous code:

Nice! We are getting somewhere!

And what if we also want to print the initial hangman stage?

We have to import hangman_stages and call the function get_hangman_stage() from the hangman_stages.py file.

Update the import statement at the top of hangman.py:

And call hangman_stages.get_hangman_stage() :

That’s cool!

How Do You Ask the User to Guess a Letter of the Secret Word?

The next step of our program is to ask the user to guess a letter.

In the logic of the program, we will make sure the user can only provide a single letter (no multiple letters, no numbers or other characters).

Let’s create a function called guess_letter() that does the following:

• Ask the user to guess a letter using the Python input function .
• Verify that the input is a single letter using an if statement. If that’s not the case stop the execution of the program.
• Convert the letter to lowercase before returning it to the function caller. We will work only with lowercase letters to make any comparisons in the program easier.

Here is the guess_letter() function:

Note : remember to import the sys module .

To verify that the user has provided a single character we use the len() function.

And we use the string isalpha() method to make sure the string returned by the input function is alphabetic .

As part of this tutorial, I also want to show you the thought process to go through when you write your code.

This is why I’m saying this…

While writing this code I decided to convert this function into a function that takes two arguments:

• letter guessed by the user
• secret word

This function will tell if a letter guessed by the user is part of the secret word.

Let’s make two changes to our code:

• take out the line that calls the input() function to get the guess from the user.
• rename the function from guess_letter() to is_guess_in_secret_word(). This function will return a boolean .

Here is how the function becomes:

And how we can call this function in our main code:

At this point we can use the boolean variable guess_in_secret_word to update the hangman output we show to our user.

Update the User about the Hangman State Depending on a Correct or Incorrect Guess

It’s time to add the logic to handle a correct or incorrect guess from the user.

If the guess is correct we add the guessed letter ( guess variable) to the guessed_letters variable (a string).

Alternatively, if the guess is incorrect we decrease the value of the remaining_attempts variable. Remember that this variable is then used to print the correct hangman stage.

In both cases we use the print() function to print a success or failure message for our user.

Add the following code after the code shown above, at the end of the previous section:

As you can see…

In both print statements we have added we are using the string format method .

Let’s execute the code and see what happens in both scenarios, if a letter we guess doesn’t belong to the secret word or if it does.

Guessed letter doesn’t belong to the secret word

The hangman drawing gets updated successfully.

Guessed letter belongs to the secret word

The hangman drawing is correct but…

The guessed letter doesn’t get added to the string with underscores shown to the user.

And that’s because we haven’t updated the following function:

Let’s do it now…

Showing the Letters of the Word that Have been Guessed by the User

To show our users the letters that have been guessed correctly we have to update the print_secret_word() function.

Let’s also pass the variable guessed_letters to it and replace any underscores with the letters that have been guessed by the user.

We will use a for loop that goes through each letter of the secret word:

• If a letter has been guessed we print that letter.
• If a letter has not been guessed we print an underscore.

Sounds simple!

Here is how our function looks like:

Note : I have passed the end parameter to the print() function to print each character on the same line. In other words, we are telling the print() function not to print the newline character.

Also, remember to update the call to the print_secret_word() function by passing the additional parameter guessed_letter s:

Let’s test this code by testing a scenario in which the user guesses the correct letter…

This time it’s working!

Using a While Loop to Keep Asking the User to Guess Letters

Now that we have written the code to ask the user to guess one letter we can repeat this code over and over using a while loop .

Two things can happen at this point:

• The user wins by guessing the word within the maximum number of attempts allowed (initial value of the variable remaining_attempts ).
• The user doesn’t guess the word within the maximum number of attempts allowed and loses.

We will express this in the condition of the main while loop that has to be added before we ask the user to guess a letter.

Here is the while loop condition…

The condition after the and operator checks that the length of the guessed_letters string is less than the number of unique letters in the word the user is trying to guess.

We are checking if the user has guessed all the letters or not.

Here is how the get_unique_letters() function looks like.

We convert the secret word into a set first and then we use the string join method to create a string of unique letters.

Let’s see how this works in the Python shell to make sure it’s 100% clear.

Converting the secret_word string into a Python set removes duplicates.

Then the string join method returns a string that only contains unique letters part of the secret word.

The previous code we have written to guess one letter becomes the body of the while loop.

Notice that I have added two extra print statements in the last four lines to show the number of attempts remaining and the number of letters guessed.

This code change improves the experience of the user while playing the game.

Testing the Hangman Python Code Created So Far

Our code should be almost complete…

The best way to confirm that is to run the code and start playing Hangman.

Here is the output of a successful game:

It looks fine except for the fact that we are not printing a message when the user wins a game.

And the same applies to the scenario in which the user loses a game (see below).

So, let’s complete our code by adding two print statements to handle a user winning or losing a game.

The print statements will end up being outside of the while loop considering that in both scenarios (user winning or losing) we exit from the while loop.

Let’s add an if statement after the while loop to verify if the user has won or lost and based on that let’s print the correct message.

A user has won if the length of the guessed_letters string is the same as the string that contains unique letters in the secret word.

Otherwise, the user has lost because it means not all the letters have been guessed.

Let’s confirm that the print statement works fine in both scenarios.

It’s working!

Go through the video below to recap all the steps we have followed to build this game:

We have completed the creation of the hangman game in Python.

There might be additional checks you could add to make the game more robust but the code we went through should give you a good enough idea of how to create this type of game in Python.

I hope it also helps to be able to see the thought process behind the creation of a program like this one instead of simply seeing the final version of the Python program without knowing how to get there.

If you have any questions feel free to email me at [email protected] .

Claudio Sabato is an IT expert with over 15 years of professional experience in Python programming, Linux Systems Administration, Bash programming, and IT Systems Design. He is a professional certified by the Linux Professional Institute .

With a Master’s degree in Computer Science, he has a strong foundation in Software Engineering and a passion for robotics with Raspberry Pi.

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I need some help creating a word game in Python

Hello, I’ve recently started to learn about Python (for about 2 months), and I need some help to create a word based game, similar to a game called “Wordle”, for this I need to do the following:

Have a secret word stored in the program.

Prompt the user for a guess.

Continue looping as long as that guess is not correct.

Calculate the number of guesses and display it at the end.

Add a check to verify that the length of the guess is the same as the length of the secret word. If it is not, display a message. If they are the same, then proceed to give the hint.

Make sure to account for the following in your hints:

Letters that are not present at all in the secret word (underscore _).

Letters that are present in the secret word, but in a different spot (lowercase).

Letters that are present in the secret word at that exact spot spot (uppercase).

I don’t know how to do last parts of the code, the lower.case, upper.case hints, and the error message displayed if the user types the wrong amount of letters.

If someone can help me with this, I will be grateful !

The len() function returns the length of the string.

There is a lower() function for strings.

"ABCD".lower() returns "abcd"

Thanks for that tip, what about the hints part: Letters that are present in the secret word, but in a different spot (lowercase).

Do you have any tips for that?

Sets: Built-in Types — Python 3.11.0 documentation

Cheers, Cameron Simpson [email protected]

I may not be understanding your question correctly. But in this code, replace inputed_word with the word the user imputed and secret_word with the secret word. I don’t have access to your code right now, I’m on email.

Introduction

• Requirements

Collaboration

Monday, September 9, 11:59pm via Moodle. Look for the "Practical Python Assignment: Tic-Tac-Toe" link.

The second assignment for this year's Python module asks you to write a simple tic-tac-toe game that allows two players to play tic-tac-toe against one another. You will be asked to:

Assignment Requirements

Your program must meet the following requirements, since it will be marked electronically, failing to meet these requirements means your program or its ouptut will not be found and cannot be graded.

Basic Game Loop

The reason you would break down the game like this isn't because you don't know tic-tac-toe, but because this gives you a fairly good idea of what you need to do to program Python to play a tic-tac-toe game. This is a common strategy for larger programs, take each problem and break it down into a sequence of sub-problems until you feel comfortable that you understand how to write code to solve each sub-problem. If our breakdown above is still too high level, keep decomposing it until to get to a point where you feel like you understand how to convert each description into a corresponding block of code.

Board Positions.   Because we'll be marking your programs electronically, there is a very specific way that positions on the board are labeled, and in how your program should accept the positions as input to update your tic-tac-toe board.

Positions on the board are labeled with the numbers 1 , 2 , and 3 , used for the three rows, top to bottom, and the letters A , B , and C , used for the three columns, left to right. So, for example, the top-left position is A1 , and the bottom-left position is C3 . The entire board has positions labeled like this.

User Input.   When a user enters a position, they must use the above format exactly . You are required to check any position a user provides to ensure it properly defines a valid position. If it does not, you should tell the user the position is invalid, and ask them to enter a new, correct position.

Even if the position provided by the user is in the correct format, it may still be invalid ( e.g. , if the position is already taken). After confirming the position's format is correct, you must then check to ensure the position itself is available. If not, you would again report the issue to the user and ask them to provide a new, valid position.

Input from the keyboard can be requested using Python's input() function.

input() allows a user to enter characters from the keyboard, then returns the result as a string. This can be assigned to a variable for further processing.

Wins and Ties

At some point, one of the players will win the game, or the game will end in a tie. When this happens, your program should print the result of the game, and exit the program.

Each student must submit their Python code using Moodle . Look for "Python - Assignment 2 - Tic Tac Toe" in the Programming & Visualization → Python section. Remember, you MUST name your program tictactoe.py and you CANNOT submit a Jupyter notebook .ipynb file.

Your program will be graded on a 101-point scale from 0 to 100. Grading will be performed using an automated input script, so please remember it's important that your program accept the input format described in the Interface section of the assignment.

Because this is one of the first assignments where you will not be working in teams, I want to provide some guidelines on the types of collaboration that are considered acceptable and not acceptable for this assignment.

Acceptable collaboration would include:

When you sit down to code your assignment, you will do this by yourself. You cannot collaborate with your classmates when you write your code. It must be done individually, and without assistance from other students that include:

Submission of your code means you've implicitly agreed to these collaboration guidelines, and have not participated in any type of collaboration that would be considered inappropriate.

If you have any questions about whether a specific collaboration is allowed, please ask either myself or Andrea. We're happy to discuss where the lines lie with respect to how you can communicate with your classmates about the assignment.

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• Hyphenate Letters in Python

Problem Statement:

It is really easy to hyphenate letters in python. We just need to add hyphens or dash: “-” between each alphabet in the entered or desired string by the user. We will store the characters in a list and create a new word with hyphens after each character except for the last one by looping through the elements of the list. However, you might think this is not efficient with the use of for loop but it doesn’t really matter because of the scope of this school assignment.

Code to Hyphenate Letters in Python:

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Answer to Question #168151 in Python for hemanth

Tic-Tac-Toe game

Abhinav and Anjali are playing the Tic-Tac-Toe game. Tic-Tac-Toe is a game played on a grid that's three squares by three squares. Abhinav is O, and Anjali is X. Players take turns putting their marks in empty squares. The first player to get 3 of her marks in a diagonal or horizontal, or vertical row is the winner. When all nine squares are complete, the game is over. If no player has three marks in a row, the game ends in a tie. Write a program to decide the winner in the Tic-Tac-Toe game.

The input will be three lines contain O's and X's separated by space.

The output should be a single line containing either "Abhinav Wins" or "Anjali Wins" or "Tie".

Explanation

For example, if the input is

as three of O's are in vertical row print "Abhinav Wins".

Sample Input 1

Sample Output 1

Abhinav Wins

Sample Input 2

Sample Output 2

Anjali Wins

i want exact sample outputs sir

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Word guessing game -- Can this be written any better?

This is just a portion of the game, a function that takes in the secret word and the letters guessed as arguments and tells you if they guessed the word correctly.

I'll be completely honest, this is from an assignment on an edX course, however I have already passed this assignment, this code works. I am just wondering if it can be written any better. Some people in the discussion forums were talking about how they solved it with 1 line, which is why I'm asking.

Here is one of the test cases from the grader as an example:

isWordGuessed('durian', ['h', 'a', 'c', 'd', 'i', 'm', 'n', 'r', 't', 'u'])

• 1 If this question is solely about code improvement, I suggest it be migrated to codereview.stackexchange.com instead. You state the code is working, so there's nothing to "solve," here, outside of improvements to existing, working code. –  boot-scootin Commented Oct 7, 2016 at 1:06
• 1 @not_a_robot While Code Review might be a good place to suggest going for this type of question, we should get out of the habit of sending question-askers over there. Please read this meta post for clarification. –  idjaw Commented Oct 7, 2016 at 1:08
• Hadn't seen that, thanks. I see it either way. –  boot-scootin Commented Oct 7, 2016 at 1:10

Something like this is pretty short:

For every character in the secretWord ensure it's in the lettersGuessed . This basically creates a list of booleans and the built-in all returns True if every element in the array is True .

Also, FWIW: Idiomatic python would use underscores and not camel case.

• Oh I see, that's a great solution. I tried doing it this way using all but my code wasn't passing. I guess I was just using all wrong. I was using all(x == lettersGuessed for x in secretWord) because I'm still a beginner and that's the only way I know how to use all. Thanks for the lesson! -- Also, I usually use underscores as well, but I'm just using the function names, arguments and variables given in the assignment description to avoid confusion. –  Elliot Tregoning Commented Oct 7, 2016 at 1:45

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