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Blubber Experiment For Kids

While you and I don’t need much of it to survive, creatures like polar bears, whales, seals, and penguins definitely do! Make blubber and test out how it works as an insulator right in the comfort of your kitchen with this blubber experiment for easy ocean science !

Make Blubber For Ocean Science

How do whales, polar bears or even penguins stay warm? The ocean can be a chilly place, but many mammals call it home! How do some of our favorite mammals live in such cold conditions? It has to do with something called blubber.

This season, prepare to explore whale blubber for your next ocean science lesson. Let’s dig in if you want to learn how sea animals survive in frigid temperatures! While you’re at it, make sure to check out these more fun ocean activities.

This blubber experiment asks a couple of questions.

Blubber Experiment

Let’s explore blubber!

• Thermometer (optional)
• 4 zip top sandwich bags
• Vegetable shortening

Instructions:

STEP 1: Fill a large bowl with ice and cold water.

STEP 2: Turn a zip top bag inside out, place the bag on your hand, and use a spatula to cover both sides of the bag in vegetable shortening.

STEP 3: Place the shortening coated bag inside another bag and seal.

STEP 4: Turn a clean bag inside out, place it inside another clean bag and seal.

STEP 5: Place one hand in each bag and place your hands in the ice water.

STEP 6: Which hand gets cold faster? Observe how your hands feel and then use a thermometer to check the actual temp inside each bag.

What Is Blubber?

Whales and Arctic mammals like polar bears, have a thick layer of fat under their skin called blubber. This fat can be anywhere from a couple of inches to a foot thick!

Learn more about the ocean and the Arctic with Biomes of the World .

The blubber keeps them warm and also stores nutrients their body can use when there isn’t much food. Different species of whales have varying amounts of fat, which is why some whales migrate, and some do not.

The Humpback whale migrates out of cold waters but lives mostly off of its blubber until it returns! The Narwhal, Beluga, and Bowhead whales generally stick around the colder temperature waters all year!

What is blubber? Fat!

The fat molecules in the shortening in this experiment act like an insulator, just like the blubber. Insulation slows the transfer of heat, keeping the whale warm in very low temperatures. Other animals that use this feature are the polar bear, penguin, and seal!

Could you test other materials you have on hand to see if they make good insulators too?

Turn It Into A Blubber Science Project

Science projects are an excellent tool for older kiddos to show what they know about science! Plus, they can be used in all sorts of environments including classrooms, homeschool, and groups.

Kids can take everything they have learned about using the scientific method , stating a hypothesis, choosing variables , and analyzing and presenting data.

Want to turn one of these experiments into an awesome science fair project? Check out these helpful resources.

• Science Project Tips From A Teacher
• Science Fair Board Ideas
• Easy Science Fair Projects

How To Apply The Scientific Method

To make this into a true science experiment, let’s test some variables! Learn more about variables in science.

First, you want to make sure to test the temperature with a plain bag on your hand. That will be your control!

What are other kinds of insulators could you test? Choose a few other materials to observe and record the temperature within the bags.

What factors will you keep the same? Make sure to test the temperature within each bag at the same length of time after being covered in ice. What about the amount of ice? Make sure to have the same amount of ice in each bowl.

These are great questions to ask your kids. Get them to think about what variables need to stay the same and more importantly, how you will do that.

Further Extension: Present the kids with a challenge, keep the ice cube from melting!

How can you insulate an ice cube to keep it from melting? Or what makes ice melt faster?

Learn More About Ocean Animals

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• Salt Dough Starfish
• Fun Facts About Narwhals
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• How Do Squid Swim?
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Science Projects > Life Science Projects > Whale Blubber Experiment  

Whale Blubber Experiment

Many animals live their lives in extreme weather conditions. Blue whales, for example, migrate between warm breeding waters and cold feeding waters near Antarctica and in the Arctic. How do whales and other animals stay warm in very cold water and climates? Find out with this easy science demonstration that uses only common household items.

What You Need:

• Container of ice water
• Shortening (like Crisco) or petroleum jelly (like Vaseline)
• 4 Ziploc storage bags
• Thermometer

What You Do:

1. Turn one of the Ziploc bags inside out and place it inside another bag. Make sure you have the “zippers” lined up correctly so you can zip the two bags together.

2. Fill the space in between the two bags with a thick layer of shortening or Vaseline, then zip the edges together. We used Crisco. Zipping the bags together makes a type of glove with an opening for your hand. This is the test glove.

3. Make a “control” glove by putting the other two Ziploc bags inside each other. This will you give you the same amount of plastic, but with no extra substance shielding your hand from the cold water.

4. Fill a large container with ice water. Make sure it’s deep enough to submerge your hand. We used a glass mixing bowl.

5. Put your hand in the control glove and stick it in the ice water. Using the stopwatch timer, see how long you can keep it in there before it gets too cold. Record your results in your science notebook . Use the hand towel to dry off the outside of the control glove, if necessary.

6. Now put the same hand in the test glove and submerge it in the water. Once again, use the stopwatch timer to time how long you can keep it in the ice water. Record your results. Were you able to keep your hand in the ice water longer using the control glove or the test glove? What was the time difference?

7. Now, put a thermometer in the control glove and put the end in the water. Record the temperature.

8. Repeat step 7 with the test glove. What is the difference between the two temperatures?

Although whales migrate between warmer and cooler waters, other animals, like seals, sea lions, penguins and polar bears, spend their entire lives in bitterly cold temperatures.

These animals have a thick layer of fat under their skin called blubber.

The blubber keeps them warm and also stores nutrients their body can use when they are in environments where there isn’t much food.

The fat molecules in Vaseline and shortening make them act a little like blubber.

Blubber helps keep animals warm because it acts as an insulator.

An insulator slows down the transfer of heat, keeping the animal’s body heat from escaping into the water and protecting it from the cold.

Can you think of any insulators you’ve used at home?

Hint : When you go outside to play on a snowy day, you probably wear some!

For further study, repeat the blubber glove project using different materials as insulators.

Try using packing peanuts, rubber bands, cotton balls, wool, sand, and feathers. Predict which substances you think will insulate well and why.

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Last updated by Linda Kamp on December 10, 2022 • 3 Comments

Arctic Animal Adaptations: Blubber Science Experiment for Kids

In this post, I’ll show you a simple and fun blubber science experiment for kids as they learn about arctic animal adaptations. It’s easy to do in the classroom and demonstrates how arctic animals adapt to their environment.

Arctic Animal Adaptations

When teaching second graders about habitats and ecosystems, we spend a bit of time learning about adaptations; ways plants and animals adapt to their habitats to survive. This simple blubber experiment demonstrates how arctic animals stay warm in their icy water habitats.

Blubber is a thick layer of fat just under the skin of all marine mammals. It covers the entire bodies of animals like polar bears and penguins, whales, seals, and walruses. These mammals have adapted to live in cold waters. They survive because their blubber acts like insulation, trapping their body heat in.

The science behind it is pretty simple: The further the blood is from the skin’s surface, the less body heat is lost. Blubber creates a thick, protective layer, much like a blanket,  that provides a barrier between the animals’ blood and the surface of its skin.

Blubber Science Experiment for Kids

This activity is really a demonstration. It recreates the layer of fat that keeps an animal warm. During the demonstration, students compare the cold they can feel with and without wearing a “blubber glove”.

To get started, you will need a few inexpensive items that are readily available at any grocery store.

Blubber science experiment & lab sheet source: Habitat s Science Unit

Materials per small group of students:

• 3 gallon size Ziploc bags
• 1 can of shortening
• large cup of ice
• large bowl or bin
• metal spoon for scooping shortening
• student lab sheet

Prepping the glove:

I recommend preparing the blubber glove ahead of time using the following steps.

1. Fill a gallon zipper bag about 2/3 full of shortening.

2. Place your had inside a second, empty zipper bag and carefully push it into the bag with the shortening.

3. Holding the top edges of both bags, roll the top edges of both bags over about an inch.

4. Tape down the fold with duct tape to seal the shortening inside between the two bags forming a “glove”.

5. With your hand inside the glove, press and smooth the shortening to distribute it as evenly as possible around the center bag. The inner bag should be surrounded by shortening.

Demonstrating the Adaptation

Conduct the test by first having students describe on their lab sheet how the materials are used to replicate blubber. Once students finish, they start by placing their hand inside the bowl of ice water.

Next, students place their hand inside the blubber glove and into the ice water again.

Students compare what they feel and document it on their lab sheet. Lastly, students explain in writing on their lab sheets how the shortening insulated their hand from the cold temperature of the water comparing it to the way blubber keeps an arctic animal warm.

This blubber science experiment video by Steve Spangler science gives a visual on how to prep your glove.

CLICK HERE   for an in-depth, ready to use unit on Habitats and Ecosystems for second grade.

This comprehensive, 3-week unit includes a 7-lesson teaching PowerPoint, experiments, science journal, and much more.

Click here to see the entire 2nd grade series.

I hope you’ll try this simple blubber science experiment for kids as your students learn about habitats and arctic animal adaptations. Be sure to pin this post for later so you have it when you plan!

Find more high engagement science activities for kids in these posts:

Hands-On Properties of Matter Activities & Experiments

Habitats Activities for Second Grade Scientists

Milk & Cookies and the Scientific Method

Happy teaching!

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How marine mammals stay warm

Wear a “blubber glove” and plunge your hand into an ice water bath to investigate the insulative properties of blubber..

Please find a printable PDF of this activity  here .

• Blubber is important for most marine mammals, such as whales and seals. The thick layer of fat provides insulation from cold ocean temperatures.
• Blubber is also important because it stores energy that can be broken down to provide the animal energy when food is unavailable.
• Weddell seals live in Antarctica and can have more than 2 inches of blubber. Considering their massive weight of 400-600 kg (880-1320 lbs), that could be up to 240 kg (530 lbs) of pure blubber.
• Bowhead whales live in Arctic waters and can have 43-50 cm (17-20 inches) of blubber, thicker than any other whale's blubber layer.
• 3 gallon or quart size zippered plastic bags
• 1 large container of lard or shortening
• 2 large containers of ice or ice water
• Optional : Heavy rubber kitchen glove

Instructions

• Scoop fat into two of the zippered plastic bags. Spread the fat inside the bag so that it fills the bag and is about 1 inch thick. Seal the bags.
• Lay one bag on top of the other and tape three of the sides together making a “mitten."
• Slide the mitten into the third bag with the open side of the mitten facing out of the third bag.
• Put the mitten into one of the containers of ice, or ice water.
• Put one hand into the mitten and put your bare hand into the second container of ice.
• Optional : Use a heavy rubber kitchen glove can for the bare hand. If a lot of people are doing the activity this will help keep the demonstration area dry.
• Use a thermometer to measure the temperatures over time, with and without the mitten, and graph the results.
• Predict results and test mittens with different thicknesses of fat.
• Predict results and test mittens with different materials for insulators.
• Investigate the thickness of different marine mammals blubber and make models showing the actual thicknesses.

Related resources

• NOAA Education marine mammal resources
• N OAA Fisheries: Find a species
• Marine mammals of Alaska field guide offsite link
• Ocean Today: Whale anatomy (video)

Science Fun

Polar Bear Blubber

• 2 gallon sized zipper lock bags
• 4 tablespoons of shortening
• ice (crushed/cubed)
• 1 gallon bucket

Instructions:

• Fill bucket halfway with the cold water.
• Add enough ice to make water chilly.
• Add 4 tablespoons of shortening in one of the ziploc bags.
• Put empty ziploc bag inside of the ziploc bag with shortening in it. Put your hand in the empty ziploc bag, this way your hand stays clean during the experiment.
• With other hand spread shortening all over the outside of the inner bag.
• Now fold the top of the inner ziploc bag over the top of the outer ziploc bag. Now the shortening is stuck between the two bags. To make sure the shortening stays secure duct tape this fold.
• Finally, stick your hand in to the into your new blubber glove and dip it into the bucket of ice cold water.

VIDEO COMING SOON BUT YOU CAN STILL ENJOY THESE AWESOME EXPERIMENTS!

How it Works:

Shortening is a fat just like blubber is, and fat acts like an insulator. An insulator stops energy from flowing the way that it usually does, from things that are hot to things that are not. So the body heat that polar bears create is trying to flow from the body to the outside chilly temperatures, but because of the flubber, it stops it from escaping.

Extra Experiments:

• Try to use other types of insulators such as butter, cotton balls, or sand. Which one works as the best insulator?
• Try using one hand in the glove and the other had in the water. Make observations using touch describe how it feels.
• Try using room temperature water or water that is 100 degrees Fahrenheit (Be careful with hot water when you are testing it). Does the glove work in these situations?

EXPLORE TONS OF FUN AND EASY SCIENCE EXPERIMENTS!

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previous experiment

Next experiment.

Explore Blubber

How do whales, polar bears or even penguins stay warm? The ocean can be a chilly place, but there are many mammals who call it home! How do some of our favorite mammals live in such cold conditions? It has to do with something called blubber. While you and I don’t need much of it to survive, creatures like polar bears, whales, seals, and penguins definitely do! Test out how blubber works as an insulator.

What you need:

• 4 ziplock sandwich bags
• Thermometer (optional)
• Vegetable shortening

What you do:

1. Fill a large bowl with ice and cold water.

2. Turn a ziplock bag inside out, place the bag on your hand, and use a spatula to cover both sides of the bag in vegetable shortening.

3. Place the shortening coated bag inside another bag and seal.

4. Turn a clean bag inside out, place it inside another clean bag and seal.

5. Place one hand in each bag and place your hands in the ice water

6. Which hand gets cold faster? Observe how your hands feel and then use a thermometer to check the actual temperature inside each bag.

What should happen?

The fat molecules in the shortening act like an insulator, just like the blubber. Insulation slows the transfer of heat, keeping the whale warm in very low temperatures. Other animals that use this feature are the polar bear, penguin, and seal! To make this into a true science experiment, let’s test some variables!

First, you want to make sure to test the temperature with a plain bag on your hand. That will be your control!

What are other kinds of insulators could you test?  Choose a few other materials to observe and record the temperature within the bags.

What variables will you keep the same?  Make sure to test the temperature within each bag at the same length of time after being covered in ice.  What about the amount of ice?  Make sure to have the same amount of ice in each bowl.

source: https://littlebinsforlittlehands.com/blubber-experiment/

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Sequential good lattice point sets for computer experiments

• Published: 13 June 2024

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• Xue-Ru Zhang 1 ,
• Yong-Dao Zhou 1 ,
• Min-Qian Liu 1 &
• Dennis K. J. Lin 2  

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Sequential Latin hypercube designs (SLHDs) have recently received great attention for computer experiments, with much of the research restricted to invariant spaces. The related systematic construction methods are inflexible, and algorithmic methods are ineffective for large designs. For designs in contracting spaces, systematic construction methods have not been investigated yet. This paper proposes a new method for constructing SLHDs via good lattice point sets in various experimental spaces. These designs are called sequential good lattice point (SGLP) sets. Moreover, we provide efficient approaches for identifying the (nearly) optimal SGLP sets under a given criterion. Combining the linear level permutation technique, we obtain a class of asymptotically optimal SLHDs in invariant spaces, where the L 1 -distance in each stage is either optimal or asymptotically optimal. Numerical results demonstrate that the SGLP set has a better space-filling property than the existing SLHDs in invariant spaces. It is also shown that SGLP sets have less computational complexity and more adaptability.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11871288, 12131001, and 12226343), National Ten Thousand Talents Program, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China Scholarship Council and U.S. National Science Foundation (Grant No. DMS-18102925). The authors thank the referees for their helpful comments and suggestions. The first two authors contributed equally to this work.

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Authors and affiliations.

NITFID, LPMC & KLMDASR, School of Statistics and Data Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China

Xue-Ru Zhang, Yong-Dao Zhou & Min-Qian Liu

Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA

Dennis K. J. Lin

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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Min-Qian Liu .

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Zhang, XR., Zhou, YD., Liu, MQ. et al. Sequential good lattice point sets for computer experiments. Sci. China Math. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11425-021-2087-2

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Received : 10 November 2021

Accepted : 11 January 2023

Published : 13 June 2024

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s11425-021-2087-2

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