essay on dr vikram sarabhai

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Vikram Sarabhai

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Vikram Sarabhai (born August 12, 1919, Ahmadabad, India—died December 30, 1971, Kovalam) was an Indian physicist and industrialist who initiated space research and helped develop nuclear power in India .

Sarabhai was born into a family of industrialists. He attended Gujarat College, Ahmadabad , but later shifted to the University of Cambridge , England, where he took his tripos in natural sciences in 1940. World War II forced him to return to India, where he undertook research in cosmic rays under physicist Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman at the Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore (Bengaluru). In 1945 he returned to Cambridge to pursue a doctorate and wrote a thesis, “Cosmic Ray Investigations in Tropical Latitudes,” in 1947. He founded the Physical Research Laboratory in Ahmadabad on his return to India.

The range and breadth of Sarabhai’s interests were remarkable. In spite of his intense involvement with scientific research, he took active interest in industry, business, and development issues. Sarabhai founded the Ahmedabad Textile Industry’s Research Association in 1947 and looked after its affairs until 1956. Realizing the need for professional management education in India, Sarabhai was instrumental in setting up the Indian Institute of Management in Ahmadabad in 1962.

Establishing the Indian National Committee for Space Research in 1962, which was later renamed the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Sarabhai also set up the Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station in southern India. After the death of physicist Homi Bhabha in 1966, Sarabhai was appointed chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission of India. Carrying forward Bhabha’s work in the field of nuclear research, Sarabhai was largely responsible for the establishment and development of India’s nuclear power plants. He laid the foundations for the indigenous development of nuclear technology for defense purposes.

Dedicated to the use of all aspects of science and technology in general and to space applications in particular as “levers of development,” Sarabhai initiated programs to take education to remote villages through satellite communication and called for the development of satellite-based remote sensing of natural resources.

Sarabhai was awarded two of India’s highest honours, the Padma Bhushan (1966) and the Padma Vibhushan (awarded posthumously in 1972).

Essay on Vikram Sarabhai in English

Vikram Sarabhai is a well-known name in India’s scientific development. He is known as the father of the Indian space program. He was born in Ahmedabad and went to London for his higher studies in science. Shortly after his return to India, he joined Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore to carry out research on cosmic rays.

Sarabhai one of the main persons behind the scientific education in India. He realized that a developing nation like India’s need for scientific development. Sarabhai was the leading figure in Indian space programme India could launch its first satellite, Aryabhata in 1975.

His contributions to the field of science are outstanding. For his great contributions, he was he received popular awards like Padma Bhushan and Padma Vibhushan. In his honour, ISRO declared Vikram Sarabai Award. The birth anniversary, 12th August is observed as Space Science Day every year in India.

The recent development in India’s space mission is dedicated to the great Indian Vikram Sarabhai. The Vikram Lander is named after him. It is a way to be thankful and pay our respect to one of the most popular scientists of our country.

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Question on Vikram Sarabhai

What is the contribution of vikram sarabhai.

He is known for establishing ISRO, IIM Ahmedabad, Atomic Energy Centre at Thumba etc

What is Vikram Sarabhai famously known as?

V ikram Ambalal Sarabhai is known as Indian physicist and Industrialist.

Who is the father of space?

Vikram Sarabhai is known as the father of the Indian space program.

What is the full form of ISRO?

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• Vikram Sarabhai Biography

Who is Vikram Sarabhai?

On August 12, 1919, Vikram Sarabhai was born in Ahmedabad, India. His full name is Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai and he was the son of Ambalal Sarabhai who was a Gujarati industrialist. Dr. Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai was an Indian physicist and an astronomer who started the space research organization and initiated the nuclear power plant in India. Because of his achievement, he is regarded as the Father of the Indian space program. He was honoured with Padma Bhushan in 1966 and the Padma Vibhushan in 1972. Vikram Sarabhai passed away on December 30, 1971, in Kovalam. 

In this article on Vikram Sarabhai biography, we are going to discuss who is Vikram Sarabhai, Vikram Sarabhai education, and the achievements he accomplished throughout his life. 

Vikram Sarabhai Information

Full Name : Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai

Date of Birth: August 12, 1919

Death Date: December 30, 1971

Cause of Death: Cardiac arrest 

Age(at the time of death): 52  

Information about Vikram Sarabhai

Vikram Sarabhai was born on August 12, 1919, in a Gujarati industrial family. His father’s name was Ambalal Sarabhai who was an industrialist, a philanthropist, and the founder of the Sarabhai group of companies. His mother’s name was Sarla Devi and he was the Eighth son of Ambalal Sarabhai. In 1942, Vikram Sarabhai married Mrinalini who was a classical dancer by profession. The couple had two children. His daughter’s name is Mallika, who went on and became an actress and an activist. His son’s name is Kartikeya who is one of the world’s leading environmentalist educators and a dedicated community builder, he was awarded the Padma Shri in 2012. During his lifetime, Vikram Sarabhai practised Jainism and had dedicated his life to building the Indian space program and that is why he is called the Father of the Indian space program. 

Vikram Sarabhai Education

Vikram Sarabhai came from the famous Sarabhai family who was a major industrialist committed to the Indian Independence movement. V ikram Sarabhai attended the Gujarati college in Ahmedabad to complete his higher studies and after doing so he then took admission to the University of Cambridge in England where in 1940, he gave his final honour exam in the Natural Sciences.

Sarbhai returned to Cambridge post world war 2 to pursue his doctorate and in 1945 he submitted a thesis on “Cosmic Ray Investigation in Tropical Latitudes”.

Vikram Sarabhai Achievements 

Dr. Vikram Sarabhai is considered the father of the Indian space program. He was a great institution builder and helped in establishing a large number of institutions in diverse fields. After returning from Cambridge in 1947, he requested his friends and family members to help him in opening a research institution near his home in Ahmedabad, thus at the age of only 28, he founded the Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) in Ahmedabad on November 11, 1947.

The Physical Research Laboratory was the first of many institutions which Vikram Sarabhai created and cultivated. He served in the Physical Research Laboratory from 1966 to 1971. 

Vikram Sarabhai was also very active in his family’s industry and the business which it had. After Independence in 1947, Vikram Sarabhai founded the Ahmedabad Textile Industry’s Research Association and then actively looked after it until 1956. Seeing the immediate need for management professionals in the country, Vikram Sarabhai also helped in setting up the Indian Institute of Management at Ahmedabad in 1962. 

The Indian National Committee for  Space Research (INCOSPAR) which was later renamed the Indian Space Research Organization(ISRO) was established by Vikram Sarabhai in 1962.

After the death of t he beloved physicist Homi Bhabha in 1966, Vikram Sarabhai was appointed as the chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission of India. He is also credited for setting up the Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station in Southern India. Vikram Sarabhai also helped in developing indigenous nuclear technology for defence. 

Vikram Sarabhai Discoveries

Vikram Sarabhai helped in setting up many institutions all around the country and here are some of the well-known institutions established by Dr. Vikram Sarabhai. 

In 1947, Vikram Sarabhai established the Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) in Ahmedabad. PRL is a National Research Institute for space and allied sciences. 

Indian Institute of Management (IIM), Ahmedabad founded on 11 December 1961 is considered to be the best institute of management in the country. 

Uranium Corporation of India Limited (UCIL), Jaduguda, Bihar was founded in 1967, under the department of atomic energy. 

Vikram A. Sarabhai Community Science Centre (VASCSC) or the Community science centre was established in 1960 at Ahmedabad. VASCSC is working towards popularizing science and mathematics education among students, teachers, and the public. Its main objective is to improve and find innovative methods of scientific education.

Darpan Academy for Performing Arts, Ahmedabad was founded in 1949 along with his wife and now directed by his daughter Mallika Sarabhai for the last three decades. 

Faster Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR), Kalpakkam was founded in 1985 and it is the testbed for fast fuel reactors and materials.

Electronics Corporation of India Limited (ECIL), Hyderabad was founded in 1967 to create a strong indigenous base in electronics. 

Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram founded on 21 November 1963, is a major space research centre of the ISRO which mainly focuses on rocket and space vehicles for the Indian satellite program. 

Space Applications Centre( SAC), Ahmedabad was founded in 1972. The Space Applications Centre has played an important role in realizing the vision and the mission of ISRO. 

Variable Energy Cyclotron Project or the VECC is located in Calcutta and was founded in 1972. VECC performs research in basic and applied nuclear sciences and the development of the nuclear particle accelerator. 

Vikram Sarabhai Inventions/Indian Space Research Organization

The establishment of the Indian space research organization by Vikram Sarabhai is considered to be his greatest achievement. When he returned to India after completing his Doctorate from Cambridge University in London in 1947, he was able to convince the newly formed independent Indian government of the importance of a space program for a developing country like India. Dr. Sarabhai was also supported by Dr. Homi Jehangir Bhabha who is widely regarded as the father of the Indian nuclear science program. He supported Dr. Sarabhai in setting the first rocket launch station in India. At Thumba near Thiruvananthapuram on the coast of the Arabian sea, the first rocket launch centre was established

The inaugural flight was launched on November 21, 1963, with sodium vapour payload after a remarkable effort in setting up the infrastructure, personnel, communication links, and launch pads. 

Dr. Vikram Sarabhai was constantly in negotiations with the other leading country’s space organization such as NASA and because of his efforts, the Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE) was launched during July 1975 - July 1976.

Dr. Vikram Sarabhai was very much interested in science education and founded the Community Science Centre at Ahmedabad in 1956. It is also called Vikram Sarabhai Community Science Centre (VASCSC). He also started a project for the fabrication and the launch of an Indian satellite.

Vikram Sarabhai worked very passionately to ignite India’s first satellite, Aryabhatta but unfortunately, he passed away four years before the launch of the satellite. Dr. Vikram Sarabhai was honoured with Padma Bhushan in 1966 and Padma Vibhushan in 1972 to remember and celebrate his life and the legacy he left behind. 

FAQs on Vikram Sarabhai Biography

Q1: When Did Vikram Sarabhai Die?

Ans: Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai was a gem of India and he passed away on 30 December 1971 due to cardiac arrest at Halcyon Castle, Kovalam, Kerala.

Q2: What is Dr. Vikram Sarbhai known for?

Ans: Dr. Vikram Sarabhai is called the father of the Indian space organization and he is also known for laying the foundation stone for many institutes in India like the Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad.

Q3: Who was the First Chairman of the Indian Space Research Organisation(ISRO)?

Ans: Dr. Vikram Sarbhai was the first chairman of the Indian space research organization.

Dr. Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai (1963-1971) Home /About /Former chairman /Dr. Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai

Some of the most well-known institutions established by Dr. Vikram Sarabhai are:

  Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), Ahmedabad

  Indian Institute of Management (IIM), Ahmedabad

  Community Science Centre, Ahmedabad

  Darpan Academy for Performing Arts, Ahmedabad (along with his wife)

   Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuramm

  Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad (This institution came into existence after merging six institutions/centres established by Vikram Sarabhai)

   Faster Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR), Kalpakkam

   Varaiable Energy Cyclotron Project, Calcutta

   Electronics Corporation of India Limited (ECIL), Hyderabad

   Uranium Corporation of India Limited (UCIL), Jaduguda, Bihar

Indian Space Program The establishment of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) was one of his greatest achievements. He successfully convinced the government of the importance of a space programme for a developing country like India after the Russian Sputnik launch. Dr. Vikram Sarabhai emphasized the importance of a space program in his quote:

"There are some who question the relevance of space activities in a developing nation. To us, there is no ambiguity of purpose. We do not have the fantasy of competing with the economically advanced nations in the exploration of the moon or the planets or manned space-flight. But we are convinced that if we are to play a meaningful role nationally, and in the community of nations, we must be second to none in the application of advanced technologies to the real problems of man and society."

Dr. Homi Jehangir Bhabha, widely regarded as the father of India's nuclear science program, supported Dr. Sarabhai in setting up the first rocket launching station in India. This center was established at Thumba near Thiruvananthapuram on the coast of the Arabian Sea, primarily because of its proximity to the equator. After a remarkable effort in setting up the infrastructure, personnel, communication links, and launch pads, the inaugural flight was launched on November 21, 1963 with a sodium vapour payload. As a result of Dr Vikram A Sarabhai's dialogue with NASA in 1966, the Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE) was launched during July 1975 - July 1976 (when Dr.Vikram Sarabhai was no more). Dr. Sarabhai started a project for the fabrication and launch of an Indian Satellite. As a result, the first Indian satellite, Aryabhata, was put in orbit in 1975 from a Russian Cosmodrome. Dr.Sarabhai was very interested in science education and founded a Community Science Centre at Ahmedabad in 1966. Today, the Centre is called the Vikram Sarabhai Community Science Centre Dr.Vikram Sarabhai was born on 12 August 1919 in the city of Ahmedabad, Gujarat State in western India. The Sarabhai family was an important and rich Jain business family. His father Ambalal Sarabhai was an affluent industrialist and owned many mills in Gujarat. Vikram Sarabhai was one of the eight children of Ambalal and Sarla Devi. Sarabhai matriculated from the Gujarat College in Ahmedabad after passing the Intermediate Science examination. After that he moved to England and joined the St. John's College, University of Cambridge. He received the Tripos in Natural Sciences from Cambridge in 1940. With the escalation of the Second World War, Sarabhai returned to India and joined the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore and began research in cosmic rays under the guidance of Sir C. V. Raman, a Nobel Prize winner. He returned to Cambridge after the war in 1945 and was awarded a PhD degree in 1947 for his thesis titled Cosmic Ray investigation in Tropical Latitudes. Dr. Vikram Sarabhai died on 30 December 1971 at Kovalam, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala.

  Shanti SwarupBhatnagar Award (1962)

  Padma Bhushan (1966)

  Padma Vibhushan, posthumous (after-death) (1972)

Distinguished Position

  President of the Physics section, Indian Science Congress (1962)

  President of the General Conference of the I.A.E.A., Vienna (1970)

  Vice-President, Fourth U.N. Conference on 'Peaceful uses of Atomic Energy' (1971)

  The Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, (VSSC), a research institute specialising in solid and liquid propellants for rockets located in Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum), capital of Kerala state, is named in his memory.

  In 1974, the International Astronomical Union at Sydney decided that a Moon Crater BESSEL in the Sea of Serenity will be known as the Sarabhai Crater.

Essay Curve

Essay on Vikram Sarabhai – Short Essay & Long Essay upto 1500 Words

Essay on Vikram Sarabhai: Vikram Sarabhai, often referred to as the father of the Indian space program, was a visionary scientist and innovator who played a crucial role in shaping India’s space exploration efforts. His pioneering work in the field of space technology laid the foundation for India’s successful space missions and satellite launches. In this essay, we will delve into the life and contributions of Vikram Sarabhai, exploring his impact on India’s scientific community and his enduring legacy in the field of space research.

Vikram Sarabhai Essay Writing Tips

1. Introduction: Start your essay by introducing Vikram Sarabhai, a renowned Indian scientist and visionary who played a crucial role in shaping India’s space program.

2. Background: Provide a brief background on Vikram Sarabhai, including his early life, education, and the factors that influenced his interest in science and technology.

3. Achievements: Highlight some of Vikram Sarabhai’s major achievements, such as establishing the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and the Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), and launching India’s first satellite, Aryabhata.

4. Vision: Discuss Vikram Sarabhai’s vision for India’s space program and his belief in using space technology for the socio-economic development of the country.

5. Legacy: Explore the legacy of Vikram Sarabhai and how his contributions continue to inspire and influence the current generation of scientists and researchers in India.

6. Challenges: Discuss the challenges that Vikram Sarabhai faced in his career, such as limited resources and support, and how he overcame them through determination and perseverance.

7. Impact: Analyze the impact of Vikram Sarabhai’s work on India’s space program and the country’s overall scientific and technological advancements.

8. Personal qualities: Highlight some of the personal qualities that made Vikram Sarabhai a successful leader and visionary, such as his passion for science, innovation, and his ability to inspire and motivate others.

9. Conclusion: Summarize the key points of your essay and emphasize the importance of Vikram Sarabhai’s contributions to India’s space program and scientific community.

10. References: Make sure to include references and citations to support your points and provide credibility to your essay.

Essay on Vikram Sarabhai in 10 Lines – Examples

1. Vikram Sarabhai was an Indian scientist and visionary who played a key role in the development of India’s space program. 2. He was born on August 12, 1919 in Ahmedabad, Gujarat. 3. Sarabhai studied at Cambridge University and later returned to India to pursue a career in science. 4. He founded the Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) in Ahmedabad in 1947, which became a leading research institution in India. 5. Sarabhai was instrumental in the establishment of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) in 1969. 6. He was the driving force behind the launch of India’s first satellite, Aryabhata, in 1975. 7. Sarabhai was a strong advocate for the peaceful use of space technology for the benefit of society. 8. He received numerous awards and honors for his contributions to science and technology. 9. Sarabhai passed away on December 30, 1971, but his legacy continues to inspire generations of scientists and engineers in India. 10. He is often referred to as the “Father of the Indian Space Program” for his pioneering work in the field of space research.

Sample Essay on Vikram Sarabhai in 100-180 Words

Vikram Sarabhai was an eminent Indian scientist and visionary who played a crucial role in shaping India’s space program. Born on August 12, 1919, in Ahmedabad, Sarabhai was a brilliant physicist and astronomer who made significant contributions to the fields of space research and nuclear physics.

Sarabhai founded the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) in 1969 with the aim of harnessing space technology for the benefit of India. Under his leadership, ISRO launched its first satellite, Aryabhata, in 1975, marking a significant milestone in India’s space exploration journey.

Sarabhai’s vision and dedication to advancing India’s space capabilities have left a lasting impact on the country’s scientific community. He was also instrumental in establishing several research institutions, including the Physical Research Laboratory in Ahmedabad.

Vikram Sarabhai’s legacy continues to inspire generations of scientists and researchers in India, and his contributions to the field of space technology are widely recognized and celebrated.

Short Essay on Vikram Sarabhai in 200-500 Words

Vikram Sarabhai was a visionary scientist, innovator, and institution builder who played a pivotal role in shaping India’s space program. Born on August 12, 1919, in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, he was the son of a renowned industrialist and a highly educated mother. From a young age, Sarabhai showed a keen interest in science and technology, which eventually led him to pursue a career in the field of space research.

Sarabhai’s contributions to the Indian space program are immense and far-reaching. He founded the Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) in Ahmedabad in 1947, which later became a leading research institution in the country. He also played a key role in establishing the Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) in 1962, which laid the foundation for the formation of the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) in 1969.

One of Sarabhai’s most significant achievements was the successful launch of India’s first satellite, Aryabhata, in 1975. This marked the beginning of India’s journey into space exploration and established the country as a major player in the global space arena. Sarabhai’s vision and leadership were instrumental in shaping ISRO into a world-class space agency that has achieved numerous milestones over the years.

Apart from his contributions to the space program, Sarabhai was also a pioneer in the field of science education and research. He founded several institutions, including the Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad (IIMA) and the Community Science Center in Ahmedabad, to promote scientific education and research in the country. He believed that science and technology were essential for the progress and development of the nation and worked tirelessly to promote these fields in India.

Sarabhai’s legacy continues to inspire generations of scientists, researchers, and innovators in India and around the world. His vision of harnessing space technology for the benefit of society has led to the development of numerous satellite-based applications in areas such as communication, weather forecasting, agriculture, and disaster management. ISRO’s achievements, including the successful Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan) in 2014, have further cemented India’s reputation as a leading space-faring nation.

In conclusion, Vikram Sarabhai was a visionary scientist and institution builder whose contributions to the Indian space program have had a lasting impact on the country’s scientific and technological capabilities. His pioneering work in space research, education, and innovation continues to inspire and motivate future generations to push the boundaries of knowledge and explore new frontiers in science and technology. Sarabhai’s legacy will always be remembered as a beacon of inspiration for all those who strive to make a positive difference in the world.

Essay on Vikram Sarabhai in 1000-1500 Words

Vikram Sarabhai was a visionary scientist, innovator, and pioneer of the Indian space program. Born on August 12, 1919, in Ahmedabad, India, Sarabhai was a man ahead of his time. He was instrumental in shaping the future of space research and technology in India and played a significant role in establishing the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO).

Sarabhai was born into a prominent family in India, with his father being a successful industrialist and his mother a social worker. He was exposed to a wide range of influences from an early age, which shaped his interests and ambitions. He completed his education in India and then went on to study at the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom, where he earned a degree in physics.

Upon returning to India, Sarabhai was determined to contribute to the scientific and technological development of his country. He founded the Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) in Ahmedabad in 1947, which became a center for research in various fields of science. Sarabhai’s vision was to harness the power of science and technology for the betterment of society, and he worked tirelessly to achieve this goal.

One of Sarabhai’s most significant contributions was his role in the establishment of the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) in 1969. He recognized the importance of space research and technology in the modern world and believed that India should have its own space program. Under his leadership, ISRO launched its first satellite, Aryabhata, in 1975, marking a significant milestone in India’s space exploration journey.

Sarabhai’s vision and leadership were instrumental in shaping the direction of ISRO and guiding its growth and development. He believed in the power of science and technology to transform society and improve the lives of people, and he worked tirelessly to make this vision a reality. Sarabhai’s legacy continues to inspire generations of scientists and innovators in India and around the world.

In addition to his work in space research, Sarabhai was also a champion of education and social development. He believed that education was the key to unlocking the potential of individuals and societies and worked to promote scientific education and research in India. He founded several institutions, including the Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad (IIMA) and the Nehru Foundation for Development, which continue to play a crucial role in shaping the future of India.

Sarabhai’s impact on Indian society and the scientific community was profound. He was a visionary leader who believed in the power of science and technology to drive progress and development. His legacy continues to inspire generations of scientists, innovators, and leaders in India and around the world.

In conclusion, Vikram Sarabhai was a visionary scientist and innovator who played a crucial role in shaping the future of space research and technology in India. His leadership and vision were instrumental in the establishment of ISRO and the growth of India’s space program. Sarabhai’s legacy continues to inspire generations of scientists and innovators, and his impact on Indian society and the scientific community is undeniable. He will always be remembered as a pioneer and a visionary who believed in the power of science and technology to transform society for the better.

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Vikram Sarabhai Biography, Birth Anniversary, Invention, Awards & Honors

Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai was an Indian physicist and astronomer who initiated space research and helped develop nuclear power in India. Read all about Vikram Sarabhai in this article.

Table of Contents

Vikram Sarabhai

Vikram Sarabhai, an eminent scientist, visionary, and the founding father of the Indian space program, left an indelible mark on the world of science and technology. His unwavering dedication, pioneering vision, and relentless efforts have played a pivotal role in shaping India’s journey into space exploration. This article explores the life, achievements, and legacy of Vikram Sarabhai, highlighting his contributions to space research and technology.

Who is Vikram Sarabhai?

Vikram Sarabhai (12 August 1919 – 30 December 1971) was one of the greatest scientists in India. He is renowned as the Father of the Indian space program, encompassing roles of a scientist, innovator, industrialist, and visionary. His contributions extended to establishing the Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) and chairing the Atomic Energy Commission.

Alongside fellow Ahmedabad-based industrialists, he was pivotal in founding the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad. A prolific institution builder, he founded or aided in creating an impressive 42 institutes spanning fields like Science, Industry, Management, and Education. Instrumental in forming the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), his legacy resonates through his multifaceted accomplishments.

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Vikram Sarabhai Education and Early Life

Vikram Sarabhai emerged into the world as one of eight siblings in a privileged family of forward-thinking industrialists. His early schooling transpired within the nurturing corridors of “Retreat,” a private Montessori institution founded and guided by his parents. Set against the backdrop of a politically charged environment, he grew up amid India’s elite, instrumental in securing the nation’s independence and subsequently orchestrating its inaugural governments. This immersive upbringing acquainted him with notable figures, including interactions with Congress Party stalwarts like Jawaharlal Nehru. His familial network extended to spirited activism—his mother, Sarladevi, championed social causes and Montessori education, while his sister ventured into political activism. His aunt, Ansuyaken, emerged as a leader in the national labor movement.

Having completed his studies at Gujarat College in Ahmedabad in 1937, Vikram embarked on a journey to England for advanced education. He matriculated at the venerable St. John’s College, University of Cambridge, culminating in the attainment of the Tripos in Natural Sciences in 1939. As the shadows of World War II loomed, he returned to India, enrolling at the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore. Under the sagacious guidance of the esteemed scientist C.V. Raman, he delved into pioneering research on cosmic rays, ultimately authoring his inaugural scientific publication, “Time Distribution of Cosmic Rays,” in 1942.

In 1942, he entered into matrimonial union with the renowned classical dancer, Mrinalini. Their partnership flourished, yielding two offspring who, in time, would carve their own niches in the world of prominence. Noteworthy among them, his daughter Mallika and son Karthikeya emerged as accomplished individuals in their own right. Intriguingly, his spouse, Mrinalini Sarabhai, bore a kinship with India’s freedom fighter and revolutionary, Dr. Laxmi Sahgal. The Sarabhai clan’s leisure pursuits often led them to the tranquil embrace of the Himalayas. Here, Vikram astutely recognized the fertile grounds high altitudes provided for the study of cosmic rays, a realization that led to his strategic deployment of cosmic ray counters during these sojourns.

It was amidst the sublime landscapes of Gulmarg, near Alpathari Lake, in 1943 that Vikram’s aspirations coalesced into a visionary concept—a dedicated laboratory focused on cosmic and atmospheric physics. A return to Cambridge in 1945 further honed his expertise in cosmic ray investigations, culminating in the conferment of his doctoral degree for his scholarly dissertation, “Cosmic Ray Investigations in Tropical Latitudes.”

His influence radiated across geographical boundaries. During a visit to Thiruvananthapuram, he participated in the foundation stone laying ceremony of the Thumba railway station, a critical component supporting the newly established Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station.

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Vikram Sarabhai Birth Anniversary and Legacy

Every year on August 12th, India celebrates the birth anniversary of Vikram Sarabhai as National Science Day. This day serves as a reminder of his enduring legacy and his significant role in propelling India’s technological advancement. Sarabhai’s unparalleled vision prompted the establishment of several research institutions, with the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) being a standout accomplishment.

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Vikram Sarabhai: Contributions and Inventions

Upon his return to India in the post-independence era, Vikram Sarabhai keenly perceived the dearth of robust scientific infrastructure. Harnessing the influence of the charitable trusts under his family’s stewardship, he orchestrated the establishment of pivotal institutions that would redefine India’s scientific landscape.

Notably, in November 1947, Sarabhai played a pivotal role in birthing the Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) in Ahmedabad. With atmospheric scientist K.R. Ramanathan as its founding director, PRL evolved into a distinguished research institution specializing in cosmic rays and space sciences. The foundation was laid within the confines of M.G. Science Institute, an educational bastion his parents had founded. Bolstered by support from the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) and the Department of Atomic Energy, PRL burgeoned into a scientific powerhouse.

The pivotal juncture of 1957-1958 marked the International Geophysical Year (IGY), a turning point that exposed Sarabhai to the uncharted domain of space science following the launch of Sputnik-I. Galvanized by this, the Indian National Committee for Space Research emerged, with Vikram Sarabhai at its helm. His strategic initiatives extended to education, notably as the founding director of the Indian Institute of Management (IIM), Ahmedabad, which he co-pioneered with businessman Kasturbhai Lalbhai in 1961. Another pioneering endeavor was the creation of the Centre for Environmental Planning and Technology University (CEPT University) in 1962, enriching disciplines such as architecture, planning, and technology.

The 1960s were marked by the establishment of key institutions driven by Sarabhai’s vision. The Vikram A. Sarabhai Community Science Centre (VASCSC) was forged to ignite scientific and mathematical interest among students and the public. Meanwhile, the Nehru Foundation for Development (NFD), established in 1965, was dedicated to probing societal and individual development concerns.

An invaluable collaborator was Dr. Homi Bhabha, a luminary in nuclear research. Together, they propelled the launch of India’s first Rocket Launching station (TERLS) at Thumba, strategically located near the equator on the Arabian Coast. The inaugural rocket, bearing a sodium vapor payload, soared on November 21, 1963. Recognition soon followed, with the UN General Assembly acknowledging TERLS as an international facility.

Tragedy struck in 1966 with the untimely demise of Homi Bhabha, leading to Sarabhai’s appointment as Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission. Yet, his most enduring contribution materialized in 1969—the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). This entity, born of his vision, aimed to advance space technology for national betterment. Sarabhai’s multifaceted impact extended to sectors beyond science, with initiatives such as the Ahmadabad Textiles Industrial Research Association (ATIRA), empowering the textiles industry. He continued this legacy of empowerment through endeavors like the Blind Men Association (BMA), providing essential support to the visually challenged.

Moreover, in tandem with his wife, Mrinalini Sarabhai, he seeded the inception of the Darpana Academy of Performing Arts. The imprint of his visionary prowess extended to institutions of note including the Faster Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR), Variable Energy Cyclotron Project, Electronics Corporation of India Limited (ECIL), and Uranium Corporation of India Limited (UCIL).

The culmination of his dialogue with NASA in 1966 was the launch of the Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE) in 1975-1976, a legacy that persisted even after his passing.

Read about: Maharana Pratap

Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC)

The Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, founded in 1963, stands as a testament to Sarabhai’s dedication to advancing space technology in India. Located in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, VSSC has been instrumental in developing indigenous rockets and launch vehicles. Under his leadership, India’s first satellite, Aryabhata, was launched in 1975, marking a historic milestone in the country’s space endeavors.

Incorporating state-of-the-art facilities and a cadre of brilliant minds, VSSC nurtures a culture of innovation and exploration. Its endeavours encompass conceptualizing, designing, and validating space systems, all of which form the bedrock of India’s space accomplishments. Significantly, VSSC has been a key player in the design and advancement of launch vehicles such as the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV). These achievements have empowered India to effectively launch satellites dedicated to communication, navigation, earth observation, and scientific investigation.

Dr. Vikram Sarabhai’s indomitable spirit is woven into the very fabric of VSSC, infusing it with a relentless pursuit of excellence and a commitment to serving national and global interests through space exploration. As a beacon of scientific innovation, VSSC continues to shape India’s space journey, ever-advancing the frontiers of human knowledge and technology, and exemplifying the profound impact of visionary leadership and dedicated pursuit of the unknown.

Read about: Chandra Shekhar Azad

Vikram Sarabhai: Awards & Achievements

• President, Physics Section, Indian Science Congress (1962): Showcased his stature in the scientific community and commitment to advancing knowledge.
• Vice-President, Fourth U.N. Conference on ‘Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy’ (1971): Exhibited his global influence in peaceful nuclear technology.
• President, General Conference of the I.A.E.A., Vienna (1970): Underlined his significant contributions to global atomic energy cooperation.
• Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC): A tribute to his role in shaping India’s space program, this center remains a hub for pioneering rocket propulsion research.
• Sarabhai Crater: Honored by the International Astronomical Union with a crater on the moon, cementing his legacy in space exploration.
• Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award (1962): Recognized for his pioneering cosmic ray research and space science contributions.
• Padma Bhushan (1966): One of India’s highest civilian honors, acknowledging his multidimensional impact on science, education, and society.
• Posthumous Padma Vibhushan (1972): Enshrined him as a visionary leader and scientific luminary in India’s history.

Read about: Mangal Pandey

Vikram Sarabhai: Passing and Legacy

Tragically, Vikram Sarabhai’s journey was prematurely curtailed as he breathed his last on December 30, 1971, at the age of 52, succumbing to a cardiac attack. His sudden departure was an irreplaceable void in the scientific realm, yet his enduring legacy persevered through the institutions he founded and the frameworks he set in motion. His pioneering notion of leveraging space technology for societal progress continues to illuminate ISRO’s path, propelling India into a commanding stature within the international space domain.

Information about Vikram Sarabhai

Dr. Sarabhai, who is regarded as the founder of the Indian space programme, was a brilliant institution-builder who founded or assisted in the establishment of numerous institutions across a wide range of areas. After returning from Cambridge to an independent India in 1947, he encouraged philanthropic trusts run by his family and friends to endow a research facility close to home in Ahmedabad, which is how the Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) came to be.

Thus, Vikram Sarabhai founded the Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) in Ahmedabad on November 11, 1947. He was only 28 at that time. Sarabhai was a creator and cultivator of institutions and PRL was the first step in that direction. Vikram Sarabhai served of PRL from 1966-1971.

Read about: Bal Gangadhar Tilak

Vikram Sarabhai UPSC

Vikram Sarabhai’s life and work continue to inspire generations of scientists, researchers, and visionaries. His pioneering efforts, coupled with his dedication to using science and technology for the betterment of society, have left an indelible mark on India’s space program. Through his visionary leadership, he ignited the spark that has propelled India’s journey into space exploration, turning his dreams into reality and laying the foundation for a brighter technological future.

Read about: APJ Abdul Kalam

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Vikram Sarabhai FAQs

Did abdul kalam worked with vikram sarabhai.

Yes, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam worked with Dr. Vikram Sarabhai, who is often regarded as the father of India's space program. Kalam was mentored by Sarabhai and played a significant role in India's space and missile development programs.

What did Vikram Sarabhai died?

Vikram Sarabhai died on December 30, 1971, due to a sudden heart attack. He was a pioneering Indian scientist and the driving force behind India's space program.

What is the difference between ISRO and VSSC?

ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation) is the national space agency of India responsible for space research and exploration. VSSC (Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre) is a major ISRO facility focused on the development of launch vehicles and associated technologies, named after Dr. Vikram Sarabhai, the pioneer of India's space program.

What is the role of Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre?

Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) plays a pivotal role within ISRO by designing and developing launch vehicle technology, conducting research and testing related to space propulsion, aerodynamics, and materials, contributing significantly to India's space exploration and satellite launch capabilities.

Which is the greatest achievement of Vikram Sarabhai?

Dr. Vikram Sarabhai's greatest achievement was establishing the Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) in 1962, which later evolved into the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). His visionary leadership and efforts laid the foundation for India's successful space program, contributing to numerous space missions, satellite launches, and technological advancements.

What is the important information about Vikram Sarabhai?

Vikram Sarabhai founded the Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) in Ahmedabad on November 11, 1947. He was only 28 at that time. Sarabhai was a creator and cultivator of institutions and PRL was the first step in that direction. Vikram Sarabhai served of PRL from 1966-1971.

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Essay, Biography or Paragraph on “Vikram Sarabhai” complete biography for Class 10, Class 12 and Graduation and other classes.

Vikram Sarabhai

India : Renowned physicist

Born : 1919   Died : 1971

If there was any scientist, who could be credited with launching India into space age, it is Vikram Sarabhai, who made valuable contribution in this regard. His services to the country and science will always be remembered. He took Indian science to greater heights and was a top scientist. A grateful nation named the space centre after him to com-memorate his services to the country.

Sarabhai returned to India in 1939 from England after completing his education. He had mostly done research on changes in cosmic rays and atomic energy, and was awarded Ph.D. by the University of Cambridge for his research. He established a laboratory at Ahmedabad for research, in Physics. He also became the chairman of Atomic Energy Commission 1, and was mainly instrumental in the establishment and development of Atomic Energy Centre at Thumba (Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala) in 1971. He was always busy in research on space and contributed a lot in the development of medical science and aviation technology. It was because of his persistent efforts that India could launch its first space satellite Aryabhatt’.

Vikram Sarabhai was born at Ahmedabad on August 12, 1919 in a prosperous family of industrialists. By nature, he was industrious and science and mathematics were his favourite subjects. He played the same role in space programme as Dr Homi S. Bhabha had done earlier for atomic energy. He presided over the 14th session of the International Atomic Energy Commission and was awarded by India, `Dr Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize’ in 1962. He was conferred ‘Padma Shri’ in 1966 and was posthumously awarded ‘Padma Vibushan’ in 1972. He advocated the use of science for peace in international for and died of cardiac failure on December 30, 1971 in Thiruvananthapuram, where he had gone to inspect the Thumba Rocket Launching Station.

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Vikram Sarabhai

Prelims : General Science

Mains : Achievements of Indians in Science & Technology; Indigenization of Technology and Developing New Technology.

Dr. Vikram Sarabhai, often referred to as the "Father of the Indian Space Program," was a visionary scientist, space physicist, and astronomer who played an instrumental role in shaping India's space research and exploration endeavours.

His significant contributions to space science and technology have left a profound mark on India's scientific landscape.

Vikram Sarabhai - Background

Dr. Vikram Sarabhai was a renowned Indian physicist and astronomer who played a pivotal role in the development of India's space program. He was a great institution builder who not only established but also assisted in establishing several institutions in various fields.

Early Life and Education of Vikram Sarabhai

• His father, Ambalal Sarabhai, was an industrialist and was associated with the Ahmedabad mill strike of 1918.
• Here, he began research on cosmic rays under the supervision of Sir C. V. Raman .
• After the war, he again returned to Cambridge in 1945 and received a PhD in 1947 for his thesis, “ Cosmic Ray Investigation in Tropical Latitudes ”.
• He studied interplanetary space, solar-terrestrial interactions, and geomagnetism.
• Vikram Sarabhai passed away on December 30, 1971, in Kerala.

After returning to India, Vikram Sarabhai embarked on a fruitful career in academia and research.

• At PRL, he conducted groundbreaking research in cosmic rays and space physics.
• Community Service Centre: He founded the Community Science Centre (later renamed Vikram A. Sarabhai Community Science Centre) under the auspices of the Nehru Foundation for Development.
• ISC: He served as the President of the Physics Section of the Indian Science Congress in 1962.
• Atomic Energy Commission: Vikram Sarabhai was appointed Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission under the Government of India in 1966 .
• ISRO: He served as the Chairman of the Indian National Committee for Space Research ( INCOSPAR ) from 1962 to 1969 and later served as the first chairman of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) from 1969 to 1971.
• IAEA: He served as the President of the General Conference of the International Atomic Energy Agency in 1970.
• U.N. Conference on 'Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy’: He served as the vice-president of the Fourth U.N. Conference on 'Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy' in 1971.

Contributions of Vikram Sarabhai

Vikram Sarabhai made a number of significant contributions to science and technology, particularly in the fields of space and nuclear technology.

Indian Space Program

• After the Russian Sputnik launch , he successfully persuaded the government of the significance of a space programme for a developing country like India.
• As a result, INCOSPAR was established in 1962 and later renamed ISRO.
• First rocket launching station: Vikram Sarabhai, along with the support of Homi Jehangir Bhabha, set up the first rocket launching station (Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station) in 1963 in India at Thumba near Thiruvananthapuram.
• SITE Project: As a result of Vikram Sarabhai's dialogue with NASA in 1966, the Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE) was launched between July 1975 and July 1976.
• As a result, the first Indian satellite, Aryabhata, was launched into orbit from a Russian Cosmodrome in 1975 .

Nuclear Energy

• He was largely responsible for the establishment and development of India's nuclear power plants, carrying on Bhabha's work in the field of nuclear research.
• He started the Fast Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR) project in Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu.

Institutes Established by Vikram Sarabhai

Vikram Sarabhai was a visionary and established many institutions in the field of science and technology, which have benefited India in various fields. Some of the famous institutions established by Vikram Sarabhai include

• Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), Ahmedabad
• Ahmedabad Textile Industry’s Research Association (ATIRA), Ahmedabad
• Indian Institute of Management (IIM), Ahmedabad
• Community Science Centre, Ahmedabad
• Operations Research Group (ORG), (India’s first market research agency)
• Darpan Academy for Performing Arts, Ahmedabad
• Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram
• Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad
• Faster Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR), Kalpakkam
• Variable Energy Cyclotron Project, Calcutta
• Electronics Corporation of India Limited (ECIL), Hyderabad
• Uranium Corporation of India Limited (UCIL), Jaduguda, Bihar

Awards and Honours received by Vikram Sarabhai

Following are some of the notable awards and recognitions of Vikram Sarabhai:

• Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award , 1962
• Padma Bhushan,1966
• Padma Vibhushan, posthumous, 1972
• It is a research institute specialising in solid and liquid rocket propellants.
• In 1974, the International Astronomical Union in Sydney decided to name a Moon Crater BESSEL in the Sea of Serenity, as the Sarabhai Crater.
• ISRO named the lander of Chandrayaan 2 and Chandrayaan 3 , 'Vikram' in honour of Vikram Sarabhai.

Vikram Sarabhai's extraordinary contributions to science and technology, especially in the space and nuclear sectors, have earned him numerous awards and honours. He instilled a culture of scientific inquiry and research in India, inspiring countless young minds to explore the frontiers of science and technology.

FAQs on Vikram Sarabhai

Who was dr. vikram sarabhai.

Dr. Vikram Sarabhai was a renowned Indian physicist and astronomer known as the "Father of the Indian Space Program " for his pivotal role in establishing ISRO and advancing India's space research.

What is the role of Vikram Sarabhai in ISRO?

Dr. Vikram Sarabhai is widely regarded as the "Father of the Indian Space Programme" by the scientific community. He played a key role in the formation of India's space agency, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), of which he later served as chairman.

How did Vikram Sarabhai contribute to the field of nuclear energy?

Dr. Sarabhai served as the Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission and was instrumental in the establishment and development of India's nuclear power plants.

What institutions were established by Vikram Sarabhai?

Vikram Sarabhai was a visionary who established several institutions, such as the Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), IIM- Ahmedabad, Darpan Academy for Performing Arts, and many more.

Where is the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre located?

The Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) is a major space research facility of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), focusing on rockets and space vehicles for India's satellite program. It is located in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.

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Dr Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai

Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai was one of the greatest scientists of India. He is widely regarded as the father of the Indian space programme. In fact he was a rare combination of a scientist, an innovator, industrialist and a visionary.

Vikram Sarabhai was born on August 12, 1919 at Ahmedabad in an affluent family of progressive industrialists. He was one of the eight children of Ambalal and Sarla Devi. He had his early education in a private school, 'Retreat', run by his parents on Montessori lines. Some of the great personalities like Gurudev Rabindranath, J Krishna Murthi, Motilal Nehru, VS Shrinivasa Shastri, Jawaharlal Nehru, Sarojini Naidu, Maulana Azad, CF Andrews, C V Raman et al used to stay with the Sarabhai family when they visited Ahmedabad. Mahatma Gandhi also once stayed at their house while recovering from an illness. Visits by such great personalities greatly influenced Vikram Sarabhai.

After his matriculation, Vikram Sarabhai proceeded to Cambridge for his college education and took the tripos in Natural Sciences from St. John's College in 1940. With the beginning of World War II, he returned home and joined as a research scholar under Sir CV Raman at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. His interest in solar physics and cosmic ray led him to set up many observation stations around the country. He built the necessary equipment and took measurements at Bangalore, Pune and the Himalayas. He returned to Cambridge in 1945 and completed his PhD in 1947.

Back home, he became instrumental in establishing the Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) in Ahmedabad in November 1947. The laboratory was established in a few rooms in the MG Science Institute of the Ahmedabad Education Society, which was founded by his parents. Subsequently, it got support from the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) and the Department of Atomic Energy.

The research that Vikram Sarabhai did on the time variations of cosmic rays concluded that meteorological effects could not entirely affect the observed daily variations of cosmic rays; Further, the residual variations were wide and global and these were related to variations in solar activity. Vikram Sarabhai visualised a new field of research opening up in solar and interplanetary physics.

The year 1957-1958 was designated as International Geo-physical year (IGY). The Indian programme for the IGY had been one of the most significant ventures of Sarabhai. This gave him exposure to new vistas of space science with the launching of Sputnik-I in 1957. Subsequently, the Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) was formed, under his chairmanship.

Knowing the unique feature of Thumba on account of its proximity to the geomagnetic equator, Vikram Sarabhai chose this fishing village near Thiruvananthapuram on the Arabian Coast to set up the Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching station (TERLS), the first rocket launching station in the country. In this venture he got active support from Homi Bhabha, who was then the Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission. The first rocket with sodium vapour payload was launched on November 21, 1963. In 1965, the UN General Assembly gave recognition to TERLS as an international facility.

After the sudden demise of Homi Bhabha in an air crash, Vikram Sarabhai took over as Chairman, Atomic Energy Commission in May 1966. He always longed that the practical application of science should reach the common man. He worked towards acquiring competence in advance technology for the solution of country's problems based on technical and economic evaluation of its real resources. He initiated India's space programme, which today is renowned all over the world.

Dr Vikram Sarabhai received the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Medal in 1962. The nation honoured him awarding Padma Bhushan in 1966 and Padma Vibhushan (posthumously) in 1972.

Vikram Sarabhai passed away in his sleep on December 31, 1971.

Remembering Dr. Vikram Sarabhai: A Visionary Pioneer of India’s Space Journey

On the occasion of his 104th birth anniversary, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) pays homage to the illustrious legacy of Dr. Vikram Sarabhai, the pioneering force behind India’s ambitious space program. Dr. Sarabhai’s vision and tireless efforts laid the foundation for ISRO, an organization that has since propelled India into the global space arena. Let’s delve into the life of this extraordinary visionary and his remarkable contributions:

1. Nurtured in a Gandhian Legacy

Born on August 12, 1919, in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, Dr. Vikram Sarabhai was nurtured in the values of Mahatma Gandhi’s teachings. His father, Ambalal Sarabhai, a successful industrialist, was not only a staunch supporter of Gandhi’s ideals but also played a significant role in India’s struggle for independence.

2. Academic Excellence and Exploration

Dr. Sarabhai’s academic journey began at Gujarat College in Ahmedabad, where he completed his matriculation. His pursuit of knowledge took him to the University of Cambridge, where he earned a Tripos in Natural Sciences in 1940.

Amidst the upheaval of World War II, he returned to India and joined the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore. Under the mentorship of Nobel laureate Sir C. V. Raman, he conducted groundbreaking research on cosmic rays, setting the stage for his future endeavors.

3. Architect of India’s Space Odyssey

Dr. Sarabhai’s passion for exploration led him to establish the Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) in Ahmedabad in 1947. This endeavor marked the beginning of his journey as an institution builder.

His collaboration with Dr. Homi Jehangir Bhabha, the architect of India’s nuclear science program, resulted in the establishment of India’s first rocket launching station in Thumba, Kerala. Dr. Sarabhai’s conviction that advanced technologies could address real societal challenges spurred him to advocate for a space program that serves the needs of the nation and the global community.

4. Fostering Institutions of Excellence

Beyond his contributions to space science, Dr. Sarabhai’s legacy includes the creation of pivotal institutions:

• Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), Ahmedabad : A center for space and planetary sciences.
• Indian Institute of Management (IIM), Ahmedabad : A world-renowned business school.
• Community Science Centre, Ahmedabad : Promoting scientific awareness and curiosity.
• Darpan Academy for Performing Arts : Founded alongside his wife, Mrinalini Sarabhai, to nurture artistic expression.
• Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram : Continuing his vision in space research.
• Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad : Merging six institutions to focus on space applications.
• Faster Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR), Kalpakkam : An innovative nuclear research facility.
• Variable Energy Cyclotron Project, Calcutta : Pioneering particle accelerator research.
• Electronics Corporation of India Limited (ECIL), Hyderabad : Advancing electronics and technology.
• Uranium Corporation of India Limited (UCIL), Jaduguda, Bihar : Contributing to India’s nuclear energy sector.

5. A Multidimensional Visionary

Dr. Sarabhai’s interests transcended scientific pursuits. Alongside his wife, he founded the Darpan Academy for Performing Arts, showcasing his dedication to nurturing artistic creativity.

His untimely passing on December 30, 1971, left a void in the realm of science and technology. Nevertheless, his enduring legacy continues to inspire generations, igniting a passion for exploration, innovation, and nation-building. As ISRO commemorates Dr. Vikram Sarabhai’s birth anniversary, we celebrate the monumental strides he enabled in India’s journey to the stars.

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"There is no leader and there are no led. A leader, if one chooses to identity one, has to be a cultivator rather than a manufacturer. He has to provide the soil and the overall climate and the environment in which the seed can grow. One wants permissive individuals who do not have a compelling need to reassure themselves that they are leaders" Vikram Sarabhai

Sarabhai’s name will remain inseparable from India’s space programme. It was Sarabhai who put India on the international map in the field of space research. But then he made equally pioneering contributions in other fields. He worked in the fields of textiles, pharmaceuticals, nuclear power, electronics and many others incessantly till last.

The most striking aspect of Sarabhai’s personality was the range and breadth of his interests and the way in which he transformed his ideas into institutions. Sarabhai was a creative scientist, a successful and forward looking industrialist, an innovator of the highest order, a great institution builder, an educationist with a difference, a connoisseur of arts, an entrepreneur of social change, a pioneering management educator and more.

However, the most important thing is that besides being all that he was a very warm human being with tremendous compassion for others. He was a man who could charm and win the hearts of all those who came in contact with him. He could instantly establish a personal rapport with those with whom he interacted. This was possible because he could convey a sense of respect and trustfulness to them and also a sense of his own trustworthiness.

He was a dreamer with a seemingly unmatched capacity for hard work. He was a visionary, who could not only see opportunities but created some where none existed. To him the object of life, as Pierre Curie (1859-1906), the French Physicist who was co-discoverer with his wife Marie Curie (1867-1934) of polonium and radium, has observed, was “to make life a dream and to turn the dream into a reality”. What is more, Sarabhai taught many others how to dream and to work towards realising the dream. The success of Inida’s space programme is a testimony to his. Sarabhai was a “rare combination of an innovative scientist, forward looking industrial organiser and imaginative builder of insitutions for the economic, educational and social upliftment of the country”. He had an excellent sense of economics and managerial skill. No problem was too minor to him. A large part of his time was taken up by his research activities and he continued to supervise research till his untimely death. Nineteen people did their PhD work under his supervision. Sarabhai independently and in association with his coleagues published eighty-six research papers in national journals.

We are told that anybody, irrespective of his position in the organisation, could meet Sarabhai without any fear or feeling of inferiority and Sarabhai would always offer him/her a seat and make him/her relax and talk on equal terms. He believed in an individual’s dignity and tried hard to preserve it. He was always in search of a better and efficient way of doing things. Whatever he did, he did it creatively. He displayed extreme care and concern for the younger people. He had immense faith in their potentialities. He was always ready to provide opportunities and freedom to them.

Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai was born on August 12, 1919 to a wealthy family at Ahmedabad. During his childhood his ancestral home. The Retreat at Ahmedabad, used to be visited by important people from all walks of life. This played an important role in the growth of Sarabhai’s personality. His parents were Ambalal Sarabhai and Saraladevi Sarabhai. Sarabhai had his early educatio in the family school started by his mother Saraladevi on the line propoounded by Mme. Maria Montessori. After completing his Intermediate Science examination from Gujrat College, Cambridge (UK) in 1937 where he obtained his Tripos in Natural Sciences in 1940. At the outbreak of the Second World War he returned to India and joined the Indian Institute of Science at Bangalore where he took up research in cosmic rays under the supervision of C.V. Raman. He published his first research paper entitled “Time Distribution of Cosmic Rays” in the Proceedings of Indian Academy of Sciences. Sarabhai’s work on cosmic rays during the period 1940-45 included the study of the time variations of cosmic rays with Geiger-Muller counters at Bangalore and at the high level station in the Kashmir Himalayas. After the war he returned to Cambridge to work for his PhD is cosmic ray physics. In 1947, he was awarded PhD by the Cambridge University for his thesis `Cosmic Ray investigation in Tropical Latitudes’. He also carried out an accurate measurement of the cross-section for the photofission of U-238 by 6.2 MeV y-rays which formed a part of his PhD thesis. After getting his PhD he returned to India and continued his research in cosmic ray physics. In India he studied interplanetary space, solar-terrestrial relationships and geomagnetism.

Sarabhai was a great institution builder. He established or helped to establish a large number of institutions in diverse fields. Ahmedabad Textile Industry’s Research Association (ATIRA) was the first institution that Sarabhai helped to build. This assignment he undertook just after returning from Cambridge after obtaining a PhD in Cosmic ray physics. He had no formal training in textile technology. Formation of ATIRA was an important step towards modernising textile industry in India. At the time of establishing ATIRA there were no quality control techniques in majority of the textile mills. At ATIRA, Sarabhai created conditions for the interaction of different groups and fifferent disciplines which cross fertilise each other. While hiring personnel at ATIRA Sarabhai ignored the requirement of experience. The various institutions established and looked after by Sarabhai benefitted from each other’s experience and techniques to their mutual advantage. Some of the most well-knon institutions established by Sarabhai are :-

• Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), Ahmedabad
• Indian Institute of Management (IIM), Ahmedabad
• Community Science Centre, Ahmedabad
• Darpan Academy for Performing Arts, Ahmedabad (alongwith his wife)
• Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuramm
• Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad (This institution came into existence after merging six institutions/centres established by Sarabhai)
• Faster Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR), Kalpakkam
• Varaiable Energy Cyclotron Project, Calcutta
• Electronics Corporation of India Limited (ECIL), Hyderabad
• Uranium Corporation of India Limited (UCIL), Jaduguda, Bihar

After the death Homi J Bhabha in January 1966, Sarabhai was asked to assume the responsibilities of the office of the Chairman, Atomic Energy Commission. At that time he was deeply involved in three major areas. In his own words (what he wrote to the Prime Minister accepting the offer):

“Currently I have substantive responsibilities in three areas. Firstly, at the Physical Research Laboratory as Director and Professor of Cosmic Ray Physics, where I continue my research and the supervision of doctoral candidates. Second, as Chairman of the Indian National Committee for Space Research Programme as well as the project for the development of rockets and space technology. Thirdly, I have been concerned with policy making, operations, research planning and evaluation of a significant segment of the family business interests, particulary centered around chemicals and pharmaceuticals”. He had also regular association with the Laboratory of Nuclear Science of the Massachussetts Institute of Technology, USA. But all these did not deter Sarabhai from assuming the new responsibility in the interest of the country. He had to disassociate himself from the family business. He was at the helm of both atomic energy and space research programmes in India from May 1996 till his death.

Sarabhai had realised the enormous potentialities inherent in space science and technology for a wide range of social and economic development activities – communication, meterology/weather forecasting, and exploration for natural resources, to name only a few. The Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, established by Sarabhai pioneered research in space sciences and subsequently in space technology. Sarabhai also spearheaded the country’s rocket technology. He played a pioneering role in the development of satellite TV broadcasting in India.

Sarabhai was also a pioneer of the pharmaceutical industry in India. He was among the very few in the pharmaceutical industy who recognised that the highest standards of quality should be established and maintained at any cost. It was Sarabhai who first implemented Electronic Data Processing and Operations Research Techniques in the pharmaceutical industry. He played an important role in making India’s pharmaceutical industry self-reliant and self-manufacture of many drugs and equipment in the country.

Sarabhai was a man of deep cultural interests. He was interested in music, photography, archaeology, fine arts and so on. With his wife Mrinalini, he established Darpana, an institution devoted to the performing arts.

He believed that a scientist should never shut himself up in an ivory tower or overlook the problems faced by the society in mere academic pursuit of pure science. Sarabhai was deeply concerned with the state of science education in the country. To improve the same he had established the Community Science Centre.

He had an uncanny ability to gauge the capability of a person just by talking to him for a few minutes. In fact he used to frequently say that he could judge a person from the sparkle in his/her eyes. He believed in systematically developing people. At times he will go out of the way to give a person full opportunity of developing himself/herself. He had a pleasant personality. It is said that by his mere smile he was able to transmit a great deal of inspiration to all those who worked with him.

Sarabhai died on 30 December 1971 at Kovalam, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. In 1974, the International Astronomical Union at Sydney decided that a Moon Crater BESSEL in the Sea of Serenity will be known as the Sarabhai Crater.

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• Essays in Hindi /

Essay on Vikram Sarabhai in Hindi : पढ़िए विक्रम साराभाई पर 500 शब्दों में निबंध

• Updated on  
• दिसम्बर 29, 2023

विक्रम साराभाई एक प्रभावशाली भारतीय वैज्ञानिक, दूरदर्शी और अंतरिक्ष अनुसंधान और विकास में अग्रणी व्यक्ति थे। विक्रम साराभाई को अक्सर “भारतीय अंतरिक्ष कार्यक्रम के जनक” के रूप में जाना जाता है।  उन्होंने 1962 में भारतीय राष्ट्रीय अंतरिक्ष अनुसंधान समिति (inCOSPAR) की स्थापना में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाई, जो बाद में 1969 में भारतीय अंतरिक्ष अनुसंधान संगठन (ISRO) में विकसित हुई। इसलिए कई बार विद्यार्थियों को विक्रम साराभाई के बारे में निबंध लिखने को दिया जाता है। Essay on Vikram Sarabhai in Hindi के बारे में जानने के लिए इस ब्लॉग को अंत तक पढ़ें। 

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विक्रम साराभाई के बारे 100 शब्दों में निबंध, विक्रम साराभाई के बारे 200 शब्दों में निबंध, विक्रम साराभाई ने छोड़ी तकनीकी परिदृश्य पर छाप, डॉ. विक्रम साराभाई द्वारा स्थापित प्रसिद्ध संस्थान, विक्रम साराभाई के बारे 10 लाइन्स .

भारतीय अंतरिक्ष कार्यक्रम के जनक डॉ. विक्रम साराभाई एक दूरदर्शी वैज्ञानिक और संस्था निर्माता थे। 28 साल की उम्र में, 1947 में, उन्होंने भारत में वैज्ञानिक अनुसंधान को आगे बढ़ाने के लिए अपनी प्रतिबद्धता प्रदर्शित करते हुए, अहमदाबाद में भौतिक अनुसंधान प्रयोगशाला (पीआरएल) की स्थापना की। परमाणु ऊर्जा आयोग के अध्यक्ष के रूप में कार्य करते हुए उन्होंने देश की वैज्ञानिक प्रगति में महत्वपूर्ण योगदान दिया। साराभाई ने उद्योगपतियों के साथ मिलकर भारतीय प्रबंधन संस्थान, अहमदाबाद की स्थापना में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाई थी। डॉ. साराभाई भारत के वैज्ञानिक और शैक्षिक परिदृश्य में अपने योगदान के लिए एक स्थायी प्रेरणा बने हुए हैं। उन्होंने भारतीय राष्ट्रीय अंतरिक्ष अनुसंधान समिति की स्थापना की ताली भारत अंतरिक्ष में आगे रह सके इसीलिए उन्हें भारतीय भारतीय अंतरिक्ष कार्यक्रम के जनक के रूप में जाना जाता है। 

यह भी पढ़ें : Vikram Sarabhai Quotes in Hindi : विक्रम साराभाई के बहुमूल्य विचार

भारतीय अंतरिक्ष कार्यक्रम के जनक के रूप में सम्मानित डॉ. विक्रम साराभाई एक दूरदर्शी नेता और संस्थान निर्माता थे। उन्होंने भारत के वैज्ञानिक परिदृश्य पर एक अमिट छाप छोड़ी। उनकी उल्लेखनीय यात्रा 1947 में कैंब्रिज से स्वतंत्र भारत में लौटने पर शुरू हुई, जहां, 28 वर्ष की छोटी उम्र में, उन्होंने अहमदाबाद में भौतिक अनुसंधान प्रयोगशाला (पीआरएल) स्थापित करने के मिशन पर शुरुआत की। 11 नवंबर, 1947 को स्थापित यह महत्वपूर्ण संस्थान, अपनी मातृभूमि में वैज्ञानिक अनुसंधान को आगे बढ़ाने के लिए साराभाई की दूरदर्शिता और समर्पण का एक प्रमाण था।

साराभाई की भूमिका अंतरिक्ष की खोज से परे भी थी, उन्होंने परमाणु ऊर्जा आयोग के अध्यक्ष के रूप में भी कार्य किया था। भारत की वैज्ञानिक और तकनीकी प्रगति में महत्वपूर्ण योगदान दिया। एक कुशल संस्थान निर्माता, साराभाई ने, अहमदाबाद स्थित उद्योगपतियों के साथ, शिक्षा और अनुसंधान के प्रति अपनी प्रतिबद्धता दिखाते हुए, प्रतिष्ठित भारतीय प्रबंधन संस्थान, अहमदाबाद के निर्माण में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाई।

1966 से 1971 तक पीआरएल में अपने कार्यकाल के दौरान, साराभाई के नेतृत्व ने अभूतपूर्व प्रगति दिखाई। वे धर्मार्थ ट्रस्टों, परिवार और दोस्तों से समर्थन हासिल करने में बहुत अधिक सफल रहे। उनकी यही क्षमता वैज्ञानिक संस्थानों को बढ़ावा देने के उनके प्रेरक कौशल और जुनून को दर्शाती है। साराभाई का जीवन पीढ़ियों के लिए प्रेरणा के स्रोत के रूप में जीवित है, जो नवाचार, सहयोग और राष्ट्र-निर्माण की भावना का प्रतीक है।

विक्रम साराभाई के बारे 500 शब्दों में निबंध

Essay On Vikram Sarabhai in Hindi 500 शब्दों में नीचे दिया गया है:

विक्रम साराभाई का जन्म 12 अगस्त 1919 को अहमदाबाद, भारत में हुआ था। वे प्रसिद्ध भारतीय भौतिक विज्ञानी और खगोलशास्त्री थे। वह प्रभावशाली साराभाई परिवार से थे, जो भारत के स्वतंत्रता आंदोलन के प्रति अपनी प्रतिबद्धता के लिए जाना जाता है। उनके पिता, अंबालाल साराभाई, एक प्रमुख गुजराती उद्योगपति थे।

अहमदाबाद के गुजराती कॉलेज में अपनी उच्च शिक्षा पूरी करने के बाद, विक्रम साराभाई इंग्लैंड में कैम्ब्रिज विश्वविद्यालय में चले गए। 1940 में, उन्होंने प्राकृतिक विज्ञान में अपनी पढ़ाई समाप्त की। द्वितीय विश्व युद्ध के बाद, साराभाई डॉक्टरेट की पढ़ाई करने के लिए कैम्ब्रिज लौट आए। 1945 में, उन्होंने “उष्णकटिबंधीय अक्षांशों में कॉस्मिक किरण जांच” शीर्षक से एक थीसिस प्रस्तुत की।

डॉ. साराभाई ने भारत के अंतरिक्ष अनुसंधान संगठन की शुरुआत करने और देश में परमाणु ऊर्जा संयंत्रों की स्थापना का नेतृत्व करने में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाई। उनकी उल्लेखनीय उपलब्धियों के कारण उन्हें 1966 में पद्म भूषण और 1972 में पद्म विभूषण से सम्मानित किया गया। विक्रम साराभाई, जिन्हें अक्सर भारतीय अंतरिक्ष कार्यक्रम के जनक के रूप में जाना जाता है, का 30 दिसंबर, 1971 को कोवलम में निधन हो गया।

डॉ. विक्रम साराभाई, जिन्हें अक्सर भारतीय अंतरिक्ष कार्यक्रम का जनक कहा जाता है। वे एक वैज्ञानिक होने के साथ संस्थानों के एक महान निर्माता भी थे। जब वह 1947 में 28 साल की छोटी उम्र में कैम्ब्रिज से पढ़ाई करके लौटे, तो उन्होंने अहमदाबाद में अपने घर के पास एक शोध संस्थान शुरू करने के लिए अपने दोस्तों और परिवार से मदद मांगी।  इसके परिणामस्वरूप 11 नवंबर, 1947 को भौतिक अनुसंधान प्रयोगशाला (पीआरएल) की स्थापना हुई।

पीआरएल कई संस्थानों में से पहला था जिसे विक्रम साराभाई ने स्थापित किया था। उन्होंने 1966 से 1971 तक वहां सेवा की। अपनी वैज्ञानिक गतिविधियों के अलावा, साराभाई अपने परिवार के उद्योग और व्यवसाय में सक्रिय रूप से शामिल थे। 1947 में भारत को आजादी मिलने के बाद, उन्होंने अहमदाबाद टेक्सटाइल इंडस्ट्री रिसर्च एसोसिएशन की स्थापना की और 1956 तक इसकी देखरेख की।

प्रबंधन के लिए पेशेवरों की आवश्यकता को पहचानते हुए, साराभाई ने 1962 में अहमदाबाद में भारतीय प्रबंधन संस्थान की स्थापना में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाई। 1962 में, उन्होंने अंतरिक्ष अनुसंधान के लिए भारतीय राष्ट्रीय समिति (inCOSPAR) की भी स्थापना की, जिसे बाद में भारतीय अंतरिक्ष अनुसंधान संगठन (ISRO) का नाम दिया गया। 

1966 में भौतिक विज्ञानी होमी भाभा की मृत्यु के बाद, साराभाई भारत के परमाणु ऊर्जा आयोग के अध्यक्ष बने।  उन्होंने दक्षिणी भारत में थुम्बा इक्वेटोरियल रॉकेट लॉन्चिंग स्टेशन की स्थापना में योगदान दिया और रक्षा के लिए स्वदेशी परमाणु प्रौद्योगिकी विकसित करने में भूमिका निभाई।  विक्रम साराभाई के बहुमुखी योगदान ने भारत के वैज्ञानिक और तकनीकी परिदृश्य पर एक स्थायी छाप छोड़ी।

विक्रम साराभाई ने देश भर में कई संस्थान स्थापित करने में मदद की और यहां डॉ. विक्रम साराभाई द्वारा स्थापित कुछ प्रसिद्ध संस्थान हैं-

• 1947 में, विक्रम साराभाई ने अहमदाबाद में भौतिक अनुसंधान प्रयोगशाला (पीआरएल) की स्थापना की।  पीआरएल अंतरिक्ष और उससे जुड़े विज्ञान के लिए एक राष्ट्रीय अनुसंधान संस्थान है।
• 11 दिसंबर 1961 को स्थापित भारतीय प्रबंधन संस्थान (IIM), अहमदाबाद को देश में प्रबंधन का सबसे अच्छा संस्थान माना जाता है।
• यूरेनियम कॉरपोरेशन ऑफ इंडिया लिमिटेड (यूसीआईएल), जादुगुड़ा, बिहार की स्थापना 1967 में परमाणु ऊर्जा विभाग के तहत की गई थी।
• विक्रम ए साराभाई सामुदायिक विज्ञान केंद्र (VASCSC) या सामुदायिक विज्ञान केंद्र की स्थापना 1960 में अहमदाबाद में की गई थी।  वीएएससीएससी छात्रों, शिक्षकों और जनता के बीच विज्ञान और गणित शिक्षा को लोकप्रिय बनाने की दिशा में काम कर रहा है। इसका मुख्य उद्देश्य वैज्ञानिक शिक्षा के नवीन तरीकों को सुधारना और खोजना है।
• दर्पण एकेडमी फॉर परफॉर्मिंग आर्ट्स, अहमदाबाद की स्थापना 1949 में उनकी पत्नी के साथ हुई थी और अब पिछले तीन दशकों से उनकी बेटी मल्लिका साराभाई द्वारा निर्देशित है।
• फास्टर ब्रीडर टेस्ट रिएक्टर (एफबीटीआर), कलपक्कम की स्थापना 1985 में हुई थी और यह तेज ईंधन रिएक्टरों और सामग्रियों के लिए परीक्षण स्थल है।
• इलेक्ट्रॉनिक्स कॉर्पोरेशन ऑफ इंडिया लिमिटेड (ECIL), हैदराबाद की स्थापना 1967 में इलेक्ट्रॉनिक्स में एक मजबूत स्वदेशी आधार बनाने के लिए की गई थी।
• 21 नवंबर 1963 को स्थापित विक्रम साराभाई अंतरिक्ष केंद्र, तिरुवनंतपुरम, इसरो का एक प्रमुख अंतरिक्ष अनुसंधान केंद्र है जो मुख्य रूप से भारतीय उपग्रह कार्यक्रम के लिए रॉकेट और अंतरिक्ष वाहनों पर केंद्रित है।
• अंतरिक्ष अनुप्रयोग केंद्र (एसएसी), अहमदाबाद की स्थापना 1972 में हुई थी। अंतरिक्ष अनुप्रयोग केंद्र ने इसरो के दृष्टिकोण और मिशन को साकार करने में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाई है।
• वेरिएबल एनर्जी साइक्लोट्रॉन प्रोजेक्ट या वीईसीसी कलकत्ता में स्थित है और इसकी स्थापना 1972 में हुई थी। वीईसीसी बुनियादी और व्यावहारिक परमाणु विज्ञान और परमाणु कण त्वरक के विकास में अनुसंधान करता है।

विज्ञान शिक्षा में उनकी गहरी रुचि के कारण 1956 में अहमदाबाद में सामुदायिक विज्ञान केंद्र की स्थापना हुई, जिसे विक्रम साराभाई सामुदायिक विज्ञान केंद्र (VASCSC) के नाम से भी जाना जाता है।  इसके अतिरिक्त, उन्होंने एक भारतीय उपग्रह के निर्माण और प्रक्षेपण के लिए एक परियोजना शुरू की थी।

भारत के पहले उपग्रह, आर्यभट्ट को लॉन्च करने के अपने उत्साही प्रयासों के बावजूद, डॉ. साराभाई का दुर्भाग्य से इसके वास्तविक प्रक्षेपण से चार साल पहले निधन हो गया। उनके समर्पण और योगदान के कारण 1966 में पद्म भूषण और 1972 में पद्म विभूषण प्राप्त हुआ।

विक्रम साराभाई के बारे 10 लाइन्स नीचे दी गई है:

• 12 अगस्त, 1919 को अहमदाबाद, भारत में पैदा हुए डॉ. विक्रम साराभाई एक अग्रणी वैज्ञानिक और दूरदर्शी थे।
• भारत के अंतरिक्ष प्रोग्राम उनकी महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका के लिए उन्हें अक्सर भारतीय अंतरिक्ष कार्यक्रम का जनक कहा जाता है।
• साराभाई ने 28 साल की उम्र में 1947 में अहमदाबाद में भौतिक अनुसंधान प्रयोगशाला (पीआरएल) की स्थापना की।
• एक महान संस्थान निर्माता, उन्होंने अंतरिक्ष अनुसंधान, विज्ञान शिक्षा और परमाणु प्रौद्योगिकी के क्षेत्र में महत्वपूर्ण योगदान दिया।
• साराभाई ने 1969 में भारतीय अंतरिक्ष अनुसंधान संगठन (इसरो) की स्थापना में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाई।
• उन्होंने नासा के साथ सक्रिय रूप से सहयोग किया, जिससे सैटेलाइट इंस्ट्रक्शनल टेलीविज़न एक्सपेरिमेंट (SITE) का शुभारंभ हुआ।
• विज्ञान शिक्षा के प्रति उत्साही साराभाई ने 1956 में अहमदाबाद में सामुदायिक विज्ञान केंद्र की स्थापना की।
• 1971 में उनकी असामयिक मृत्यु के बावजूद, अंतरिक्ष खोज में भारत की उपलब्धियों के माध्यम से उनकी विरासत आज भी जीवित है।
• उनके उल्लेखनीय योगदान के लिए उन्हें मरणोपरांत 1966 में पद्म भूषण और 1972 में पद्म विभूषण प्राप्त हुआ।
• विक्रम साराभाई का जीवन और कार्य भारत की वैज्ञानिक और तकनीकी प्रगति पर अमिट छाप छोड़ते हुए पीढ़ियों को प्रेरित करते रहेंगे।

विक्रम साराभाई एक भारतीय वैज्ञानिक, दूरदर्शी और अंतरिक्ष अनुसंधान में अग्रणी थे।  12 अगस्त, 1919 को अहमदाबाद में जन्मे, उन्होंने भारतीय अंतरिक्ष अनुसंधान संगठन (इसरो) की स्थापना में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाई और अक्सर उन्हें भारतीय अंतरिक्ष कार्यक्रम के जनक के रूप में जाना जाता है।

विक्रम साराभाई ने अंतरिक्ष अनुसंधान, विज्ञान शिक्षा और परमाणु प्रौद्योगिकी के क्षेत्र में महत्वपूर्ण योगदान दिया।  उन्होंने 1947 में भौतिक अनुसंधान प्रयोगशाला (PRL) की स्थापना की, भारतीय राष्ट्रीय अंतरिक्ष अनुसंधान समिति (inCOSPAR) की शुरुआत की, और सैटेलाइट इंस्ट्रक्शनल टेलीविज़न एक्सपेरिमेंट (SITE) के लिए NASA के साथ सहयोग किया।

विक्रम साराभाई एक महान संस्थान निर्माता थे। उन्होंने 1947 में अहमदाबाद में भौतिक अनुसंधान प्रयोगशाला (पीआरएल) की स्थापना की। उन्होंने 1956 में सामुदायिक विज्ञान केंद्र की भी स्थापना की, जिसका उद्देश्य विज्ञान शिक्षा को बढ़ावा देना था। इसके अतिरिक्त, उन्होंने अहमदाबाद में भारतीय प्रबंधन संस्थान (आईआईएम) की स्थापना में भी भूमिका निभाई।

विक्रम साराभाई को उनके योगदान के लिए कई सम्मान और पुरस्कार मिले।  उन्हें 1966 में पद्म भूषण और 1972 में पद्म विभूषण, दोनों भारत के प्रतिष्ठित नागरिक पुरस्कारों से सम्मानित किया गया था।  

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डॉ विक्रम साराभाई पर निबंध | Essay on Dr. Vikram Sarabhai | Hindi

डॉ विक्रम साराभाई पर निबंध | Essay on Dr. Vikram Sarabhai in Hindi language.

यदि भारत आज अन्तरिक्ष अनुसन्धान के क्षेत्र में विश्व में अपना विशेष स्थान प्राप्त कर, अपने विभिन्न अन्तरिक्ष कार्यक्रमों के बल पर शिक्षा, सूचना एवं संचार के क्षेत्र में विशेष प्रगति कर पाया है तथा मंगल ग्रह पर अपने प्रथम प्रयास में ही मंगलयान को सफलतापूर्वक प्रतिस्थापित करने वाला विश्व का प्रथम राष्ट्र बन गया है, तो इसका मुख्य श्रेय डॉ. विक्रम साराभाई को जाता है ।

मौसम पूर्वानुमान एवं उपग्रह टेलीविजन प्रसारण में हमारे अन्तरिक्ष उपग्रहों की भूमिका महत्वपूर्ण होती है । डॉ. साराभाई ने ही भारत में अन्तरिक्ष कार्यक्रमों की शुरूआत की थी, जिसके फलस्वरूप कई भारतीय उपग्रह अन्तरिक्ष में छोड़े गए और सूचना एवं संचार के क्षेत्र में देश में अभूतपूर्व क्रान्ति का सूत्रपात हो सका ।

भारतीय अन्तरिक्ष अनुसन्धान संगठन (इसरो) की स्थापना उनकी महान् उपलब्धियों में से एक थी । रूसी स्पूतनिक के प्रमोचन के बाद साराभाई ने भारत जैसे विकासशील देश के लिए अन्तरिक्ष कार्यक्रम के महत्व के बारे में सरकार को राजी किया ।

डॉ. विक्रम साराभाई का जन्म 12 अगस्त, 1919 को गुजरात के अहमदाबाद शहर के एक समृद्ध परिवार में हुआ था । साराभाई का परिवार एक महत्वपूर्ण और सम्पन्न जैन व्यापारी परिवार था । उनके पिता श्री अम्बालाल साराभाई एक प्रसिद्ध व्यवसायी एवं उद्योगपति थे ।

उनकी माता श्रीमती सरला साराभाई एक शिक्षाविद् थीं, जिनके निर्देशन में घर पर ही निर्मित स्कूल में डॉ. विक्रम की प्रारम्भिक शिक्षा हुई । उस स्कूल में हर विषय के योग्य एवं विद्वान शिक्षकों को बच्चों को पढ़ाने की जिम्मेदारी सौंपी गई थी ।

इसके अतिरिक्त, उनके घर पर महात्मा गाँधी, सीवी रमन, जवाहरलाल नेहरू, गुरुदेव रवीन्द्रनाथ टैगोर जैसे महापुरुषों का आना-जाना लगा रहता था, जिससे बचपन से ही उन्हें इन महापुरुषों का सान्निध्य मिला, जिसका व्यापक प्रभाव डॉ. साराभाई के व्यक्तित्व पर पड़ा ।

हाईस्कूल की परीक्षा उत्तीर्ण करने के बाद उन्होंने गुजरात कॉलेज, अहमदाबाद से इण्टरमीडिएट ऑफ साइंस की पढ़ाई पूरी की और उच्च शिक्षा के लिए इंग्लैण्ड चले गए ।  वहाँ वर्ष 1937 में उन्होंने कैम्ब्रिज में सेण्ट जोन्स कॉलेज में प्रवेश लिया और वर्ष 1939 में केवल 20 वर्ष की आयु में प्राकृतिक विज्ञान में ट्राइपोज परीक्षा उत्तीर्ण की ।

वर्ष 1939 में द्वितीय विश्वयुद्ध शुरू होने पर डॉ. साराभाई भारत लौट आए और इण्डियन इंस्टीटयूट ऑफ साइंस, बंगलौर (बंगलुरु) में नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेता महान् वैज्ञानिक सर चन्द्रशेखर वेंकट रमन के निर्देशन में लगभग पाँच वर्षों तक अन्तरिक्ष किरणों पर शोध-कार्य किया ।

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वर्ष 1945 में वे फिर कैम्ब्रिज चले गए और वर्ष 1947 में वहाँ ‘उष्णकटिबन्धीय अक्षांश में कॉस्मिक किरणों की खोज शीर्षक पर’ पीएचडी की उपाधि प्राप्त की । इसके बाद उन्होंने कुछ समय तक कैवेण्डिश प्रयोगशाला में शोध-कार्य किया फिर स्वदेश लौट आए ।

इस बार उन्होंने अहमदाबाद में भौतिकी अनुसन्धान प्रयोगशाला की स्थापना की । इस प्रयोगशाला के निदेशक पद पर कार्य करते हुए वर्ष 1947 से 1965 तक उन्होंने भारत में वैज्ञानिक अनुसन्धान को गीत प्रदान करने में अपनी महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाई ।

डॉ. साराभाई ने अन्तरिक्ष विज्ञान एवं परमाणु भौतिकी पर उच्चस्तरीय शोध-कार्य किया । उनके अनेक शोध-पत्र विश्व के कई विश्वविद्यालयों की प्रसिद्ध शोध-पत्रिकाओं में प्रकाशित हुए । डॉ. साराभाई की वैज्ञानिक सूझ-बुझ एवं अनूठी नेतृत्व क्षमता का पता इस बात से चलता है कि अपने जीवनकाल में उन्होंने 80 वैज्ञानिक शोध-पत्र लिखे एवं लगभग 40 संस्थान खोले ।

उन्होंने भौतिकी अनुसन्धान प्रयोगशाला (अहमदाबाद), भारतीय प्रबन्धन संस्थान (अहमदाबाद), सामुदायिक विकास केन्द्र (अहमदाबाद), विक्रम साराभाई अन्तरिक्ष केन्द्र (तिरुअनन्तपुरम्) जैसे भारत के प्रसिद्ध संस्थानों की स्थापना में अपनी महत्वपूर्ण एवं अग्रणी भूमिका निभाई ।

इन सबके अतिरिक्त, उद्योगों की महत्ता को देखते हुए उन्होंने देश के विभिन्न भागों में कई उद्योगों की भी स्थापना की, जिनमें साराभाई केमिकल्स, सिम्बायोटिक्स लिमिटेड, साराभाई रिसर्च सेण्टर एवं अहमदाबाद टेक्सटाइल इण्डस्ट्रीज, रिसर्च एसोसिएशन प्रमुख हैं ।

वर्ष 1962 में डॉ. साराभाई को भारत में अन्तरिक्ष अनुसन्धान एवं विकास की जिम्मेदारी सौंपी गई । इस दौरान वे भारतीय विज्ञान काँग्रेस के अध्यक्ष भी रहे । वर्ष 1956 से 1966 के बीच उन्होंने अनेक निजी क्षेत्र की कम्पनियों के भी निदेशक के तौर पर कार्य किया ।

वर्ष 1962 से 1965 तक बे इण्डियन इंस्टीट्‌यूट ऑफ मैनेजमेण्ट, अहमदाबाद के निदेशक रहे । रोहिणी एवं मेनका नामक भारतीय रॉकेट श्रृंखला के जनक डॉ. साराभाई ही थे ।  उन्होंने भारत को अन्तरिक्ष युग में ले जाने में अग्रणी भूमिका निभाई, इसलिए उन्हें ‘भारतीय अन्तरिक्ष कार्यक्रमों का जनक’ कहा जाता है ।

वर्ष 1966 में डॉ. होमी जहाँगीर भाभा की एक विमान दुर्घटना में असामयिक मृत्यु के बाद डॉ. साराभाई को परमाणु ऊर्जा आयोग का अध्यक्ष बनाया गया ।  इसके अतिरिक्त, उन्होंने योजना आयोग, वैज्ञानिक एवं औद्योगिक अनुसन्धान परिषद् तथा भारतीय कृषि अनुसन्धान परिषद् के सदस्य के रूप में भी अपना महत्त्वपूर्ण योगदान दिया ।

वर्ष 1968 में उन्हें यूनाइटेड नेशंस कॉन्फ्रेंस ऑन पीसफुल यूजेज ऑफ आउटर स्पेस का अध्यक्ष बनाया गया । उनकी वैज्ञानिक क्षमता को देखते हुए वर्ष 1970 में उन्हें ऑस्ट्रिया की राजधानी वियना में आयोजित चौदहवीं अन्तर्राष्ट्रीय परमाणु ऊर्जा एजेंसी की महासभा का अध्यक्ष चुना गया ।

वर्ष 1971 में जब परमाणु शक्ति के शान्तिपूर्ण उपयोग पर आयोजित विश्वभर के वैज्ञानिकों का चौथा सम्मेलन हुआ, तो बे इसके उपाध्यक्ष चुने गए । विज्ञान के क्षेत्र में उनकी उपलब्धियों को देखते हुए वर्ष 1962 में उन्हें ‘शान्तिस्वरूप भटनागर पुरस्कार’ से सम्मानित किया गया ।

भारत सरकार ने उन्हें वर्ष 1966 में ‘पद्म भूषण’ तथा 1972 में ‘पद्म भूषण’ से (मरणोपरान्त) अलंकृत किया । इन सबके अतिरिक्त, इण्डियन अकादमी ऑफ साइंसेज, नेशनल इस्टीटयूट ऑफ साइंसेज ऑफ इण्डिया, फिजिकल सोसाइटी, लन्दन और कैम्ब्रिज फिलोसॉफिकल सोसाइटी ने उन्हें अपना ‘फैलो’ बनाकर सम्मानित किया ।

डॉ. विक्रम साराभाई विज्ञान को देश के विकास के लिए अत्यन्त आवश्यक मानते थे । वे देश की प्रगति में आने बाली सभी बाधाओं से भली-भाँति परिचित थे ।  उदाहरण के लिए; देश में पानी की कमी तथा सूखे की समस्या को सुलझाने के लिए वे चाहते थे कि देश की नदियों को आपस में जोड़ने के मामले में वैज्ञानिकों तथा इंजीनियरों का नेटवर्क स्थापित किया जाना चाहिए ।

इस दिशा में उन्होंने कई रचनात्मक सुझाव भी दिए । डॉ. साराभाई न केवल एक वैज्ञानिक थे, बल्कि उन्हें भारतीय संस्कृति से भी गहरा लगाव था । उनकी चित्रकला एवं फोटोग्राफी में भी गहरी रुचि थी । उन्होंने कला को प्रोत्साहन देने के उद्देश्य से ‘दर्पण’ नामक एक संस्था की भी स्थापना की ।

भारत में अन्तरिक्ष कार्यक्रमों के जनक इस महान् वैज्ञानिक की 30 दिसम्बर, 1971 को मृत्यु हो गई, किन्तु उनके बताए रास्तों पर चलते हुए भारतीय वैज्ञानिक वर्ष 1975 में स्वदेश में निर्मित प्रथम उपग्रह ‘आर्यभट्ट’ को अन्तरिक्ष में भेजने में कामयाब रहे ।

अन्तरिक्ष उपग्रहों के कारण ही ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में टेलीविजन प्रसारण द्वारा शिक्षा, कृषि एवं ग्रामीण विकास में मदद मिल रही है तथा मौसम पूर्वानुमान से देश के गरीब किसानों को लाभ हो रहा है ।  डॉ. साराभाई के व्यक्तित्व का सर्वाधिक उल्लेखनीय पहलू उनकी रुचि की सीमा और विस्तार तथा ऐसे तौर-तरीके थे, जिनके बल पर वे अपने विचारों को संस्थाओं में परिवर्तित करने में कामयाब हुए ।

उन्हें सृजनशील वैज्ञानिक के अतिरिक्त यदि सफल और दूरदर्शी उद्योगपति, उच्च कोटि का प्रवर्तक, महान् संस्था निर्माता, शिक्षाविद्, कला मर्मज्ञ, अग्रणी प्रबन्ध आचार्य जैसे विशेषणों से सुशोभित किया जाए, तो कोई अतिशयोक्ति नहीं होगी ।

वे आज सशरीर हमारे बीच भले ही न हो, परन्तु वस्त्र उद्योग, औषधि निर्माण परमाणु ऊर्जा, भौतिक विज्ञान इत्यादि के क्षेत्र में उनके योगदान को कभी भुलाया नहीं जा सकता । डॉ. साराभाई का जीवन विश्वभर के युवा-वैज्ञानिकों के लिए प्रेरणा का अनमोल स्रोत है ।

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Featured Science

Remembering vikram sarabhai: the father of indian space programme.

India’s achievement in the field of space science makes one inevitably think of one extraordinary figure —Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai — popularly called Vikram Sarabhai and widely known as ‘father of Indian space programme’, the man who placed India on the international map in the field of space research. Had it not been the Sarabhai’s vision and pioneering contribution, India would not have achieved the heights it did in the field of space science.

Born on August 12, 1919 in Gujarat’s Ahmedabad in a wealthy Jain business family his father Ambalal Sarabhai was a renowned businessman and owned many mills in Gujarat. Being a physicist and an astronomer he initiated space research and helped develop nuclear power in India. He was considered the Father of the Indian space program. Being a great institution builder, he helped establish many institutions in diverse fields.

He was a creative genius, a successful and forward looking industrialists, an innovator and a great institution builder. Establishment of India Space Research Organisation (ISRO) was one of his greatest achievements as he was the person who convinced the Government about the significance of a space programme for a developing country like India.

However, the most important thing is that besides being all that he was a very warm human being with tremendous compassion for others. He was a man who could charm and win the hearts of all those who came in contact with him. He could instantly establish a personal rapport with those with whom he interacted. This was possible because he could convey a sense of respect and trustfulness to them and also a sense of his own trustworthiness.

He had an uncanny ability to gauge the capability of a person just by talking to him for a few minutes. In fact he used to frequently say that he could judge a person from the sparkle in his/her eyes. He believed in systematically developing people. At times he will go out of the way to give a person full opportunity of developing himself/herself. He had a pleasant personality. It is said that by his mere smile he was able to transmit a great deal of inspiration to all those who worked with him.

After completing his Intermediate Science examination from Gujrat College, he shifted to Cambridge, UK in 1937 where he obtained his Tripos in Natural Sciences in 1940. At the outbreak of the Second World War he returned to India and joined the Indian Institute of Science at Bangalore where he took up research in cosmic rays under the supervision of C.V. Raman. He published his first research paper entitled “Time Distribution of Cosmic Rays” in the Proceedings of Indian Academy of Sciences.

Sarabhai’s work on cosmic rays during the period 1940-45 included the study of the time variations of cosmic rays with Geiger-Muller counters at Bangalore and at the high level station in the Kashmir Himalayas. After the war he returned to Cambridge to work for his PhD is cosmic ray physics. In 1947, he was awarded PhD by the Cambridge University for his thesis ‘Cosmic Ray investigation in Tropical Latitudes’.

After he returned from Cambridge to an independent India in 1947, he persuaded charitable trusts controlled by his family and friends to endow a research institution near his Ahmedabad home. He founded the Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) in Ahmedabad on November 11, 1947, at the age of just 28.

After the death Homi J Bhabha in January 1966, Sarabhai was asked to assume the responsibilities of the office of the Chairman, Atomic Energy Commission. At that time he was deeply involved in three major areas. In his own words (what he wrote to the Prime Minister accepting the offer):

“Currently I have substantive responsibilities in three areas. Firstly, at the Physical Research Laboratory as Director and Professor of Cosmic Ray Physics, where I continue my research and the supervision of doctoral candidates. Second, as Chairman of the Indian National Committee for Space Research Programme as well as the project for the development of rockets and space technology. Thirdly, I have been concerned with policy making, operations, research planning and evaluation of a significant segment of the family business interests, particularly centered around chemicals and pharmaceuticals”. He had also regular association with the Laboratory of Nuclear Science of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA. But all these did not deter Sarabhai from assuming the new responsibility in the interest of the country. He had to disassociate himself from the family business. He was at the helm of both atomic energy and space research programmes in India from May 1996 till his death.

Sarabhai had realised the enormous potentialities inherent in space science and technology for a wide range of social and economic development activities – communication, meterology/weather forecasting, and exploration for natural resources, to name only a few. The Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, established by Sarabhai pioneered research in space sciences and subsequently in space technology. Sarabhai also spearheaded the country’s rocket technology. He played a pioneering role in the development of satellite TV broadcasting in India.

Sarabhai was also a pioneer of the pharmaceutical industry in India. He was among the very few in the pharmaceutical industy who recognised that the highest standards of quality should be established and maintained at any cost. It was Sarabhai who first implemented Electronic Data Processing and Operations Research Techniques in the pharmaceutical industry. He played an important role in making India’s pharmaceutical industry self-reliant and self-manufacture of many drugs and equipment in the country.

Sarabhai died on 30 December 1971 at Kovalam, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. In 1974, the International Astronomical Union at Sydney decided that a Moon Crater BESSEL in the Sea of Serenity will be known as the Sarabhai Crater. His body was cremated in Ahmedabad. He was honoured with Padma Bhushan in 1966 and the Padma Vibhushan (posthumously) in 1972.

The various institutions established and looked after by Sarabhai benefitted from each other’s experience and techniques to their mutual advantage. Some of the most well-known institutions established by Sarabhai are:-

Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), Ahmedabad

Indian Institute of Management (IIM), Ahmedabad

Community Science Centre, Ahmedabad

Darpan Academy for Performing Arts, Ahmedabad

Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram

Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad (This institution came into existence after merging six institutions/centres established by Sarabhai)

Faster Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR), Kalpakkam

Variable Energy Cyclotron Project, Calcutta

Electronics Corporation of India Limited (ECIL), Hyderabad

Uranium Corporation of India Limited (UCIL), Jaduguda, Bihar

Vikram Sarabhai and His Contributions to Science in India

Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai is popularly known as Vikram Sarabhai. is a renowned Indian physicist and industrialist. Dr. Sarabhai’s contributions in space research gave him recognition as the Father of the Indian space program. He was the innovator and creator of a number of institutions in the varied fields including but not limited to space, nuclear energy, arts, education, and management. His important contribution includes initiation of space research and development of nuclear power in India. He played an important role in convincing Government to initiate space research programs. He convinced the Government of India to form the Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) in 1962 and was the first chairperson of the committee. INCOSPAR was later renamed as Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) in 1969. He played an advisory role in the new setup.

  Personal Life:

Vikram Sarabhai was born to Ambalal Sarabhai.  The Sarabhais’ were the major industrialist and the family members were committed to Indian Independence.  He belonged to Shrimal Jain community and practiced Jainism throughout his life. He was married in 1942 to classical dancer Mrinalini. The couple was blessed with two children, daughter, Mallika and son, Kartikeya Sarabhai. His daughter and son were activitist. His son was also an active person in science. He died on December 30, 1971, in Kovalam, India.

Education :

Vikram Sarabhai was born on August 12, 1919, in Ahmadabad, India in the family of an industrialist. He has been to Gujarat College, Ahmadabad. In 1940s, Vikram Sarabhai went to the University of Cambridge, England and studied natural sciences.  He was forced to return to India due to World War II but his quest for knowledge didn’t end and he started research on cosmic rays. He was under the guidance of physicist Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore (Bengaluru).

He did his doctorate from the University of Cambridge in 1945 and he wrote a thesis, “Cosmic Ray Investigations in Tropical Latitudes.”  Upon his return to India, he founded Physical Research Laboratory in Ahmadabad.

Professional life:

The Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) which was established from his residence in 1947 did research in cosmic rays. The institute was later established as the M.G. Science Institute, Ahmedabad, on 11 November 1947. The institute was in collaboration with Karmkshetra Educational Foundation and the Ahmedabad Education Society. The institute started with research on cosmic rays and the properties of the upper atmosphere. Later the research was extended to theoretical physics and radio physics for which grants were received from the Atomic Energy Commission.

He was a pioneer in establishing Operations Research Group (ORG), the first market research organization in India.

Apart from being a physicist, his area of interest included industry and business. He founded the Ahmadabad Textile Industry’s Research Association in 1947. His interest in professional management education in India, Sarabhai led to the formation of Indian Institute of Management in Ahmadabad in 1962.

He was instrumental in establishing the Indian National Committee for Space Research in 1962, which is now called as Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). Apart from ISRO, Sarabhai was also responsible for setting up of Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station.

Indian Space Program:

Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) is his biggest contribution to the country.  Dr. Homi Jehangir Bhabha, was the father of India’s nuclear science program. He supported Dr. Sarabhai for setting the first rocket launching station in India. Dr. Sarabhai’s discussion with NASA resulted in the launch of Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE) (July 1975 – July 1976).

Know About:  Dr. Homi Bhabha Balvidnyanik Spardha( HBBVS)

Dr. Sarabhai overtook the position of Homi Bhabha in 1966, as chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission of India, after the latter’s death. He continued the work of Homi Bhabha in the field of nuclear research. He was responsible for the establishment and development of nuclear power plants. He has worked for Defense Ministry for developing nuclear technology.

Sarabhai initiated programs to take education to remote villages through Satellite communication programs. Sarabhai efforts led to the start of a project for the launch of an Indian satellite. The first Indian satellite launched was Aryabhata. It was put in orbit from a Russian cosmodrome.

Dr. Sarabhai started a project for the fabrication and launch of an Indian Satellite. As a result, the first Indian satellite, Aryabhata, was put in orbit in 1975 from a Russian Cosmodrome.

Dr. Sarabhai was instrumental in establishing institutions such as:

• Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), Ahmedabad
• Indian Institute of Management (IIM), Ahmedabad
• Community Science Centre, Ahmedabad
• Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad
• Electronics Corporation of India Limited (ECIL), Hyderabad
• Uranium Corporation of India Limited (UCIL), Jaduguda, Bihar
• Darpan Academy for Performing Arts, Ahmedabad
• Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram
• Faster Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR), Kalpakkam
• Variable Energy Cyclotron Project, Calcutta

Important Positions Held:

• In 1962 he was the president of Physics section in Indian Science Congress
• In 1970 he was the president of the General Conference of the I.A.E.A., Vienna
• In 1971 he was the vice-president Fourth UN Conference on ‘Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy

Achievements and Awards:

• Awards: Sarabhai was awarded Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Medal in 1962. He is the recipient of India’s two highest honors the Padma Bhushan (1966) and the Padma Vibhushan. He was awarded Padma Vibhushan posthumously in 1972.
• The Indian Space Research Organization located in Thiruvananthapuram is named in memory of Sarabhai as Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, (VSSC)
• On his first death anniversary (30 December 1972) Indian postal services released a postal stamp.

In 1973, the International Astronomical Union named a lunar crater as the Sarabhai crater.

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The illustrious physicist Dr. Vikram A. Sarabhai (1919-1971) was the honorary, part-time director of the Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad during the initial years of the Institute. He was born on August 12, 1919 in a family of industrialists. He completed his Natural Sciences Tripos at St. John’s College, Cambridge in 1940. He received his Ph.D. in 1947 from the University of Cambridge. On his return to India, he founded the Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) and the Ahmedabad Textile Industry Research Association (ATIRA) in 1947. The latter body engaged in research activities on management issues often collaborating with international experts. When the Government of India announced the setting up of a national institute of management education in the 1950s, the Ford Foundation’s India Office under the stewardship of Douglas Ensminger supported the engagement of consultants from the United States to help in the planning. In 1959, George Robbins of the University of California, Los Angeles, recommended the establishment of a management education institute. Mumbai, then Bombay, was the first choice location but the newly formed state of Maharashtra was a little slow to respond on the proposal and Sarabhai lobbied strongly for the new institute to be set up in Ahmedabad. He persuaded local industrial houses, led by the redoubtable Kasturbhai Lalbhai, to pledge their support for building the Institute’s infrastructure, and convinced Dr. Jivraj Mehta, the first chief minister of Gujarat to allot land for the Institute. Dr. Sarabhai, Shri Lalbhai and Dr. Mehta played key roles in setting up the Institute. In March 1961, Sarabhai finalized a draft Memorandum of Association that visualized an equal partnership between the government and local industry. This draft was, however, modified by the Government of India in favour of a stronger role for the central government. Finally, after much negotiation, IIMA came into being on December 11, 1961, as a partnership among the Government of India, Government of Gujarat and Ahmedabad’s industry represented by the IIMA Society. Dr. Sarabhai was appointed as part-time director in June 1962; a full-time director, a retired civil servant, was indeed appointed in 1963, but he could not join due to certain administrative reasons. Dr. Sarabhai continued as honorary director till Prof. Ravi Matthai, took over as the first full-time Director in August 1965. Dr. Sarabhai’s tenure oversaw the initial recruitment of faculty members, and the development of the Institute’s initial management development programs and the long-duration postgraduate programme. IIMA launched its highly rated 3-Tier Management Development Programme in 1963-64, and its two-year Postgraduate Programme in Business Administration (PGP) in 1964. Though the Institute started by offering a postgraduate diploma in business administration, its concern for a broader role for ‘management’ in addressing national needs became evident in the establishment of the AGCO (Agriculture and Cooperatives) Group in 1963. Dr. Sarabhai was instrumental in establishing partnerships with two of the Institute’s key stakeholders. The Ford Foundation contributed resources for enlisting the help of the second stakeholder - the Harvard Business School, the library and later for some of the buildings. The Harvard Business School provided mentoring support for the first few years of the Institute’s life by sending some of its faculty members regularly to Ahmedabad and also training about 25 faculty members of IIMA through its one-year International Teachers’ Programme. The Buildings Committee was set up and Louis Kahn was invited to design the architecture of the campus. Dr. Sarabhai played a key role in the development of the IIMA logo by choosing an exquisitely carved sandstone lattice window of the sixteenth century Sidi Saiyyed mosque in Ahmedabad as symbolic of the Institute’s search for excellence. He was appointed as Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission of India and is considered to be the father of India's space programme. He was awarded the Padma Bhushan in 1966, and the Padma Vibhushan, posthumously, in 1972. He died on December 30, 1971. In early 1972, the Institute named the IIMA Library after Vikram Sarabhai. In February 1976, a bronze bust of Dr. Sarabhai was installed in the library. Vikram Sarabhai’s wife, Mrinalini Sarabhai (1918-2016), was an eminent Indian classical dancer and founded the Darpana Academy of Performing Arts in 1949, another hallmark institution of Ahmedabad attributed to the Sarabhai family.

   Dr Vikram A Sarabhai

• Chairman, ISRO
• Former Chairman
• Dr Vikram A Sarabhai

Some of the most well-known institutions established by Dr. Vikram Sarabhai are:

  Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), Ahmedabad

  Indian Institute of Management (IIM), Ahmedabad

  Community Science Centre, Ahmedabad

  Darpan Academy for Performing Arts, Ahmedabad (along with his wife)

   Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuramm

  Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad (This institution came into existence after merging six institutions/centres established by Vikram Sarabhai)

   Faster Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR), Kalpakkam

   Varaiable Energy Cyclotron Project, Calcutta

   Electronics Corporation of India Limited (ECIL), Hyderabad

   Uranium Corporation of India Limited (UCIL), Jaduguda, Bihar Indian Space Program The establishment of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) was one of his greatest achievements.

He successfully convinced the government of the importance of a space programme for a developing country like India after the Russian Sputnik launch. Dr. Vikram Sarabhai emphasized the importance of a space program in his quote:

"There are some who question the relevance of space activities in a developing nation. To us, there is no ambiguity of purpose. We do not have the fantasy of competing with the economically advanced nations in the exploration of the moon or the planets or manned space-flight. But we are convinced that if we are to play a meaningful role nationally, and in the community of nations, we must be second to none in the application of advanced technologies to the real problems of man and society."

Dr. HomiJehangirBhabha, widely regarded as the father of India's nuclear science program, supported Dr. Sarabhai in setting up the first rocket launching station in India. This center was established at Thumba near Thiruvananthapuram on the coast of the Arabian Sea, primarily because of its proximity to the equator. After a remarkable effort in setting up the infrastructure, personnel, communication links, and launch pads, the inaugural flight was launched on November 21, 1963 with a sodium vapour payload. As a result of Dr Vikram A Sarabhai's dialogue with NASA in 1966, the Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE) was launched during July 1975 - July 1976 (when Dr.Vikram Sarabhai was no more). Dr. Vikram Sarabhai started a project for the fabrication and launch of an Indian Satellite. As a result, the first Indian satellite, Aryabhata, was put in orbit in 1975 from a Russian Cosmodrome. Dr. Vikram Sarabhai was very interested in science education and founded a Community Science Centre at Ahmedabad in 1966. Today, the Centre is called the Vikram Sarabhai Community Science Centre

  The Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, (VSSC), a research institute specialising in solid and liquid propellants for rockets located in Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum), capital of Kerala state, is named in his memory.

  In 1974, the International Astronomical Union at Sydney decided that a Moon Crater BESSEL in the Sea of Serenity will be known as the Sarabhai Crater.

Distinguished Position

  President of the Physics section, Indian Science Congress (1962)

  President of the General Conference of the I.A.E.A., Verína (1970)

  Vice-President, Fourth U.N. Conference on 'Peaceful uses of Atomic Energy' (1971)

  Shanti SwarupBhatnagar Award (1962)

  Padma Bhushan (1966)

  Padma Vibhushan, posthumous (after-death) (1972)

Vikram Sarabhai

Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai ( Gujarati : વિક્રમ અંબાલાલ સારાભાઇ) ( August 12 , 1919 – December 30 , 1971 ) was an Indian physicist , acclaimed as the father of India's space programme . He was also called the "Renaissance man". He established the Physical Research Laboratory in 1947. The Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre , (VSSC), is the Indian Space Research Organization's, facility to launch vehicle development which is named after him. He was also Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission . He was decorated with India's two civilian awards of Padma Bhushan in 1966 and the :Padma Vibhushan posthumous (after-death). Space Science Day Is observed in India every year on 12 August.

• 1.1 The Making of the Indian Atomic Bomb: Science, Secrecy and the Post-colonial State
• 2.1 Pride Of The Nation: Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
• 3 External links
• 4 References
• Quoted in "List Of Important Speeches And Papers By Dr. Vikram A. Sarabhai" [1]
• Quoted in "The Power of the Space Club" [2]
• From speech given at TIFR Silver jubilee celebration on 10 April 1971 [3] [4]
• Science policy and national development, New Delhi: Macmillan, 1974 [5]
• In Vikram A. Sarabhai . OutlookIndia ( 19 August 2002 ). Retrieved on 14 December 2013.
• Quoted in "Vikram A. Sarabhai". [6]
• Quoted in "Vikram A. Sarabhai". [4]
• In the post-Nehru era with his vision on “Television and Development” quoted in Joshi, Puran Chandra (1 January 2002). Communication and National Development . Anamika Publishers & Distributors. p. xxv. ISBN 978-81-7975-013-1 .   page xxv.
• His priority in 1974 quoted in "Communication and National Development".
• Quoted in Quotations by 60 Greatest Indians . Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and Communication Technology.

The Making of the Indian Atomic Bomb : Science, Secrecy and the Post-colonial State

Abraham, Itty (15 November 1998). The Making of the Indian Atomic Bomb: Science, Secrecy and the Postcolonial State . Zed Books. pp. 143. ISBN 978-1-85649-630-8 .  

• At a time when there was crisis of considerable economic and political turmoil and when he was offered the chair of the Atomic Energy Commission.
• On the issue of priority to internal development vis-a-vis external defense.

Pride Of The Nation: Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam

Mahesh Sharma; Mahesh Sharma, P.Bhalla, P.K. Das; P.Bhalla (2004). Pride Of The Nation : Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam . Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd.. pp. 45–49. ISBN 978-81-288-0806-7 .  

• Vikram Sarabhai had dream to conquer the space is no more now but his dream is in fact a prime matter of research in the ISRO even today.
• Prof Sarabhai had proposed Dr. Kalam’s name as the trainee candidate for to NASA for the modern technical training of [[w:Rocket Launching|Rocket Launching.
• Prof Sarabhai assessed the work capacity of an engineer or a scientist not by his degree or his training but by his self-confidence.
• Prof Sarabhai had the keen desire that Indian must be independent in rocket manufacturing\, hence he always full of zeal to do something new.
• He always gave new technical knowledge to the engineers and at that moment his face was lit with joy.
• He never deviated even in adverse situations, instead he accepted that to err or to forget something in order to learn something is not an offense.
• He said that if we want to establish ourselves in the world, we have to be self-sufficient and research for new ideas and techniques.
• He informed the whole of his team about any new project and started working on it only after having discussed with everyone.
• He said that the performer must have emotional attachment with the project along with physical;otherwise one can’t attain dedication and devotion for it.
• If he was not satisfied with the work of any engineer or scientist, he immediately told him his fault. He was very positive at such moments.
• He said that failures compos us more as compared to successes.
• He was such a genius that he could very quickly solve any problem. He ws in the habit of giving new tips to young engineers. To keeo normal even in adverse situations was his natural features.
• The launch of satellite SLV was possible in India only due to the inspiration from Prof Vikram Sarabhai. It wont be an exaggeration if it is said that Prof Sarabhai is the sun shining over the horizon of Indian Science who would keep showing light to the future scientists.

External links

• https://www.prl.res.in/~library/sarabhai_v_speeches.pdf
• https://www.prl.res.in/~library/sarabhai_v_quotes.pdf
• ↑ List Of Important Speeches And Papers By Dr. Vikram A. Sarabhai. . PRL.res.in. Archived from the original on 27 June 2019 . Retrieved on 27 June 2019.
• ↑ Paikowsky, Deganit (2017) (in en). The Power of the Space Club . Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107194496 . Retrieved on 12 September 2019 .  
• ↑ Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Silver Jubilee celebration speech by Dr Vikram Sarabhai on Saturday, 10 April 1971 . Archived from the original on 18 April 2015 .
• ↑ a b The Tenth Dr. Vikram A. Sarabhai Festival of Performing Arts . PRL.res.in. Archived from the original on 12 September 2019 . Retrieved on 12 September 2019.
• ↑ Institution building : Lessons from Vikrarn Sarabhai's leadership . Archived from the original on 12 August 2022 .
• ↑ Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai . New Mexico Museum of Space History. Retrieved on 14 December 2013.

• Physicists from India
• 1919 births
• 1971 deaths

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Vikram Sarabhai Biography for UPSC

The pioneer of Space research in India and a notable physicist, Vikram Sarabhai, has made remarkable contributions to the astronomical and nuclear fields of India. Known as the “Father of the Indian Space Program”, his contributions have created a profuse reverence in Indians for science and the scientific fraternity.

His life was a rare combination of a genuine passion for science and sustained interest in other fields like dance, theatre, and music. His potential was unmatched by any scientific brain the country has ever seen. He ran the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) and Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) as the premier scientific institutions of India.

This topic can be referred for Science & Technology Notes for the UPSC Exam .You can get an understanding of the space research in India and the contributions of Vikram Sarabhai from the article.

Ace your UPSC Preparation with UPSC Current Affairs from BYJU’S.

Vikram Sarabhai – Download PDF Here

Early Life of Vikram Sarabhai

• Vikram Sarabhai hailed from the famous Sarabhai family of industrialists, who were part of the Indian Independence movement.He was born on August 12, 1919 , to Ambalal Sarabhai and Sarladevi Sarabhai. His family had an enlightened outlook and refined attitude towards culture and education.
• The warm demeanour and progressive mindset made their home a living space for many prominent people, including political leaders, freedom fighters, and social workers. It included Mahatma Gandhi, Rabindranath Tagore, J. Krishnamoorthy, Motilal Nehru, Jawaharlal Nehru, Maulana Azad, Sarojini Naidu, Srinivasa Sastri, and C.F Andrews.
• They lead a simple life without much luxury and pomp. His parents wanted their children to be productive, honest, and lead a well-anchored life. Vikram received his elementary education from the Montessori system. The Sarabhai family followed Jainism and were ritualistic. They enthusiastically participated in the freedom movement and were a part of the Dandi march led by Mahatma Gandhi.
• The foundations of his intellectual career were laid in Retreat school. After completing his Matriculation, he joined Gujarat College, the first college in the state started by the British. Vikram was fond of Sanskrit poetry, particularly the works of Kalidasa, including Meghadootam and Vikramorvasiyam. He pursued his higher education at Cambridge University with a letter of recommendation from Rabindranath Tagore.
• After completing his undergraduate courses in Physics and Chemistry, he returned to India and joined the Indian Institute of Science (IISC). At IISc, he researched Cosmic rays and had serious interactions with C.V.Raman, the first Nobel laureate from India. He also met another stalwart from Cambridge, the founder of India’s Atomic Energy Programme, Homi.J.Bhabha.
• In August 1942, he married Mrinalini Swaminathan, sister of Captain Lakshmi Sehgal of the Indian National Army by Subhash Chandra Bose.
• In 1943, Vikram studied Cosmic rays at high altitudes in Kashmir and shifted his research topic to “time variations of cosmic rays”.In 1945, after the end of the Second World War, he returned to Cambridge and completed his Ph.D. Degree.
• Vikram always believed that India has the potential to build anything, tackle any problems, or solve them through technology and science. To tailor the needs of society, he advocated the replacement of obsolete technologies with new ones. He prompted people to acquire necessary skills from foreign lands and apply that knowledge within the country.

Early Organisational activities

• Things were not easy in the early years of the Indian Space Program. In an age of unsophisticated enthusiasm for technology, Sarabhai, with his scientific eminence and disarming personality, strived his best to upgrade the scientific temper of the country. He tried different combinations of skills, new institutional arrangements, and aspects to deal with problems he was interested in.
• He planned to create a nuclear centre for agriculture, with the competence of both agricultural scientists and nuclear scientists, along with the resources and assistance of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research .
• He also started a joint venture between All India Radio and ESCES (Experimental Satellite Communication Earth Station) to promote television as an instrument of mass communication and increase food production. These novel institutional structures challenged the traditional models of problem-solving in India.

Swastik Mill

• He opted to solve industry-related problems scientifically. In the oil seeds market, he calculated the market prices of ground nuts and seeds and graphically plotted them to obtain a statistical analysis. The application of research methodology to analyse the data and marketing activities garnered fruitful results and contributed towards making a strong organisation.
• He applied human relations techniques and solved the problems between the employees and management.

Sarabhai chemicals

• Despite the presence of top names in the pharmaceutical industry, like Ranbaxy, Cipla, Cadila, Glaxo, and Pfizer, Vikram launched professionally managed Sarabhai chemicals. He collaborated with J.R Geigy, the manufacturer of the whitening agent,’ Tinopol’, which produced heavy profits in the market. Sarabhai chemicals collaborated with a German company and started manufacturing Vitamin C.

Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad

• Vikram believed that the dearth of efficient managers and the lacking proper management skills were responsible for the downfall of many public and private industries in India.in 1956, He started Ahmedabad Management Association (AMA) along with Kasturbhai Lalbhai to conduct research and impart training to employees of organisations. It later transformed into the Indian Institute of Management (IIM) in 1962.
• He managed to elevate the institution to the next level through collaboration with the prestigious Cambridge University. Vikram set up this premier management institute amidst the challenges from Ford Foundation, which was along the same path. He handed over the position of director of IIM-A to Ravi Mathai as he got preoccupied with space research and later assumed Homi.J.Bhabha’s Atomic Energy Commission (AEC).
• By 1957, Vikram had become a part of the International fraternity, along with scientists like Bruno Rossi, James Van Allen, etc.

“Father of Space Program of India”

• The birth of the Space Age of India started with two stalwarts coming together to use science and technology as a tool for national development. Post-Independence, Jawaharlal Nehru, who had a firm conviction that Science and Technology could solve many social and economic problems, supported both of them to pursue their respective path in science.
• He emphasised the importance of the space program through his quote,” There are some who question the relevance of space activities in a developing nation. To us, there is no ambiguity of purpose. We do not have the fantasy of competing with economically advanced nations in the exploration of the moon or the planets or manned space flight . “

Physical Research Laboratory (PRL)

• Vikram Sarabhai founded PRL on November 11, 1947, as a National Research Institute for Space and Allied sciences. Aided by the Department of Space and Allied Sciences, the Government of India, it conducts several research programs in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Atmospheric Sciences and Aeronomy, Earth Sciences, Solar System studies, and Theoretical Physics.
• Located in Ahmedabad, it conducts the PLANEX (Planet research and exploration program). It gives away awards, including the ‘Hari Om Ashram Prerit Vikram Sarabhai Research Award’ and ‘PRL award’ to scientists who have made exceptional contributions to the field of science and technology.

Indian National Satellite System (INSAT)

• At the Bombay National Electronics Conference in 1970, Vikram Sarabhai announced plans to launch an Indian National Satellite. ISRO launched these multipurpose geostationary satellites to boost telecommunication, meteorology, and broadcasting.
• Sarabhai’s INSAT was similar to a direct-broadcast satellite to educate villages through television. Commissioned in 1983 as a joint venture of the Department of Space, Department of Telecommunications, India Meteorological Department , and All India Radio and Doordarshan, it became the largest domestic satellite communication system in the Asia-Pacific region.

INCOSPAR ( Indian National Committee for Space Research )

• The International Council for Science created a committee on space research known as COSPAR in 1958. It was a response to the launch of Sputnik – 1 by Russia. Homi J Bhabha was entrusted with a responsibility by the Indian government to facilitate research for the Department of Atomic Research (DAE). Bhabha created an Indian counterpart of COSPAR, known as INCOSPAR, with Vikram Sarabhai as the Chairman.
• Mr.Sarabhai organised a six-day seminar in Space Science at the Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) in Ahmedabad.
• By the early 1960s, close ties with the Soviet Union facilitated Space Research in India through the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). This collaboration also allowed the expansion of nuclear power in India even after the Nuclear Bomb test in Pokhran, Rajasthan.
• Following the death of Homi Bhabha in 1966,Vikram Sarabhai assumed the position of the Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission and secretary of the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE).In the 1960s, they established four important institutions:

1. Space Science and Technology Centre (SSTC)

2. Experimental Satellite Communication Earth Station (ESCES, 1967)

3. Sriharikota base (Sriharikota High Altitude Range,SHAR, now renamed as Satish Dhawan Space Centre(SDSC)

4. Indian Satellite System Project (ISSP).

• Vikram Sarabhai modernised ISRO to its present form in 1969, and managed all the space activities of the country. Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), the brainchild of Vikram, conducted basic research in myriad fields, including aeronomy, cosmic rays, interplanetary space, and solar activity. TIFR was the cradle of India’s Atomic Energy Program.
• A sounding rocket programme was launched with the collaboration of NASA ( U.S), CNES ( France), and Hydrometeorological Services (USSR). Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BSRC), earlier known as DAE, was entrusted with the local manufacturing of rockets.
• The Space Science and Technology Centre (SSTC) was established to develop sounding rockets of superior performance, a modest satellite launcher and aerospace engineering.

Learn more about the background of the Indian National Committee for Space Research here:

Indian Space research Organisation (ISRO)

• Indian Space Research Organisation was established in 1969 by Vikram Sarabhai and continued with its vision of developing new launch vehicles. After the successful development of the Sounding rocket programme in the 1960s, Satellite Launch Vehicle-3 (SLV – 3) and Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle (ASLV) was launched.ISRO also developed Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV).
• The headquarters of ISRO is in Antariksh Bhavan, Bangalore, and was brought under the Department of Space in 1972.

Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV)

• SLV was a four-stage solid fuel light launcher. It was expected to carry a payload of 40 kg and reach a height of 500m. Launched in 1979, SLV was the dream of Vikram Sarabhai. After its final launch in 1983, it was decommissioned. However, this paved the way for more refined versions in the years that followed.

Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle (ASLV)

• ASLV was a five-stage solid propellant ,with the capability of holding a 150 kg satellite. Intending to place payloads in Geostationary Transfer Orbits, ISRO developed ASLV by the end of the 1980s. The first launch test in 1987 was followed by 3 others in 1988, 1992, and 1994. Two of them were successful. However, it was decommissioned later.

Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV)

• With the advent of PSLV, India launched its Indian Remote Sensing satellite into sun-synchronous orbits. Until then, only Russia had the technology for the same.PSLV can also launch small satellites into Geostationary Transfer Orbit (GTO). It successfully launched almost 30 satellites over these years.

Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle ( GSLV)

• GSLV was introduced by India, to launch its Indian National Satellite Systems (INSAT ) into Geostationary Transfer Orbit. The primary reason behind these was to make India less dependent on foreign rockets. It serves as ISRO’s heaviest rocket launch vehicle with a capacity of putting a total payload of up to 5 tons into low earth orbit.

Aspirants can go through the List of Space Centres and Indian Space Agencies from the linked article.

• After assuming charge as the Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission, he proposed a model of the Agro-Industrial Complex to boost the energy program in India. This plan was augmented by MS Swaminathan, the father of the Green Revolution in India.
• He also participated in the 14th general conference of the International Atomic Energy Agency in Vienna. He played an important role in the development of indigenous nuclear technology for defense.Projects initiated by him include the Fast Test Reactor in Kalpakkam and Variable Energy Cyclotron project in Calcutta.

Read the article on Satellite Launch Vehicle Program and get a better understanding of the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV)

Democratic Outlook

• His democratic outlook in companies was highly appreciated. He believed that every employee of his company should get a chance to speak on the prevailing issues, challenges, and competencies. He delegated tasks to all employees and ensured a democratic outlook in every sphere of the organisation. He sent his delegates to foreign lands to visit markets, textile mills, and laboratories to acquire new skills and the latest technologies.

Later Years

• He passed away due to cardiac arrest at an age of 52 on 30 December 1971.
• He was awarded the second-highest civilian honour of the country, Padma Vibhushan, in 1972, and the third-highest civilian honour of the country, Padma Bhushan, in 1966.

Important Institutions founded by Sarabhai

• PRL – Physical Research Laboratory in Ahmedabad
• IIM – Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad
• CSS – Community Science Centre, Ahmedabad
• Darpan Academy for Performing Arts, Ahmedabad (along with his wife)
• VSSC – Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre in Thiruvananthapuram
• Space Applications Centre in Ahmedabad
• FBTR – Faster Breeder Test Reactor in Kalpakkam
• Variable Energy Cyclotron Project in Calcutta
• ECIL – Electronics Corporation of India Limited in Hyderabad
• UCIL – Uranium Corporation of India Limited in Jaduguda, Bihar
• ISRO named the lander of its second mission to the moon, CHANDRAYAAN, ‘Vikram’ in memory of Vikram Sarabhai.
• Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, the lead centre of the Indian Space Research Organisation, is named after Vikram Sarabhai.
• The Indian Astronomical Union named a lunar crater after Sarabhai,known as “Sarabhai Crater”.
• ‘Vikram A Sarabhai’ community centre in Gujarat is named after him.
• ISRO has announced an award known as Vikram Sarabhai Journalism Award in Space Technology and Research as part of centenary year celebrations of Dr. Vikram Sarabhai
• Vikas, a liquid fuelled rocket engine by ISRO is named after him.

Frequently Asked Questions about Vikram Sarabhai

Is Vikram Sarabhai the founder of ISRO?

After Russia launched the Sputnik satellite, Sarabhai felt the need to have a space agency for India. The National Committee for Space Research was established by the Indian Government( INCOSPAR) on his recommendations, which was later renamed ISRO.

What are the achievements of Vikram Sarabhai in Space Research?

Vikram Sarabhai was a visionary and an outstanding scientist who worked for the development of the nation through the application of modern technology. He was instrumental in setting up the Indian National Committee on Space Research.

Which is the largest centre of ISRO?

Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) located in Trivandrum, is the lead centre of the Indian Space Research Organisation, which manages the design and development of launch vehicle technology.

Where did Vikram Sarabhai begin his research on cosmic rays?

Vikram Sarabhai started his experiments on cosmic rays at the Physical Research Laboratory (PIL) in Ahmedabad in 1947 at the age of 23.

Why is Vikram Sarabhai known as the “father of the Indian Space Programme?

Vikram Sarabhai is known as the “father of the Indian Space Programme” as he pioneered space research in India, and his sustained efforts in the field have helped India achieve a place on the International map in space research.

When did Vikram Sarbhai become the chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission of India?

Vikram Sarabhai became the Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission of India in 1966, following the death of Homi J Bhabha.

Note : Aspirants can go through notes for Science & Technology Notes for UPSC Exam to ace their preparation for IAS Exam.

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Vikram Sarabhai – Inventions, Contribution, Awards, Quotes

Table of Contents

Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai was the man who spearheaded India’s space programme and he is considered as the Father of the Indian space program , Who Orchestrated The First Satellite Launch In The Country. He was born on 12 August 1919 in Ahmedabad, Bombay Presidency. He is popular across the country for establishing the Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR), which was renamed later as Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).  He was honoured with Padma Bhushan in 1966 and the Padma Vibhushan (posthumously) in 1972.

This article gives you a glimpse of Inventions, contributions, awards received, famous quotes and other important facts of the well known physicist and astronomer who initiated space research and helped develop nuclear power in India . Going through this article will be very useful in GK parts for the candidates who are preparing for various competitive exams.

Sarabhai started a project for the fabrication and launch of an Indian satellite. As a result, the first Indian satellite, Aryabhata, was put in orbit in 1975 from a Russian cosmodrome.

In order to promote all round development in the field of science and technology he helped establish several institutions.

Sarabhai along with Homi Jehangir Bhabha set up the first rocket launching station in the country. The Father of India’s space programme Vikram Sarabhai was also the man who brought television and cable to India.

Dr Sarabhai died in December 1971 at Kovalam, Thiruvananthapuram aged 52.

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History and Invention of Vikram Sarabhai

Vikram Sarabhai was born on 12 August, 1919 in the city of Ahmedabad in Gujarat, India. He is one of the eight children of Ambalal Sarabhai and Sarla Devi. He belongs to rich family who managed several textile mills. He passed his intermediate examination in Science subject from the Gujarat College in Ahmedabad and then for further studies he went to England. He was an intelligent student and from his childhood he had an interest in science. In England in 1940, he took admission at the St John’s College, University of Cambridge and pursue Tripos in Natural Sciences. In 1942, he published his first scientific paper ‘Time Distribution of Cosmic Rays’. In 1945, he came back to Cambridge for further research on cosmic rays and earned his PhD degree for his thesis ‘Cosmic ray investigations in tropical latitudes’. In 1947, he came back to India and then joined the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore to carry out research on cosmic rays.

Sarabhai earned his doctorate from the University of Cambridge, England. After moving to India during World War II.

He did research in cosmic rays under physicist Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore.

 In 1945 he returned to Cambridge to pursue a doctorate and wrote a thesis, “Cosmic Ray Investigations in Tropical Latitudes,” in 1947.

He founded the Physical Research Laboratory in Ahmadabad on his return to India.

He also established Ahmedabad Textile Industry’s Research Association in 1947.

 Sarabhai is also the man behind setting up the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmadabad in 1962.

Vikram Sarabhai established Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) in 1962 which was renamed later the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO).

He should be majorly credited for setting up the Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station in southern India.

In 1966, Dr Sarabhai took charge as the chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission of India after the death of physicist Homi Bhabha.

He is the face behind foundations for developing India’s indigenous nuclear technology for defence.

Vikram Sarabhai worked immensely to launch India’s first satellite, Aryabhata.

Indian Space Program

The establishment of the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) was one of his greatest achievements. He successfully convinced the government of the importance of a space programme for a developing country like India after the Russian Sputnik launch. Dr. Sarabhai emphasized the importance of a space program in his quote:

“There are some who question the relevance of space activities in a developing nation. To us, there is no ambiguity of purpose. We do not have the fantasy of competing with the economically advanced nations in the exploration of the moon or the planets or manned space-flight. “

“But we are convinced that if we are to play a meaningful role nationally, and in the community of nations, we must be second to none in the application of advanced technologies to the real problems of man and society.”

Dr. Homi Jehangir Bhabha, widely regarded as the father of India’s nuclear science program, supported Dr. Sarabhai in setting up the first rocket launching station in India. This center was established at Thumba near Thiruvananthapuram on the coast of the Arabian Sea, primarily because of its proximity to the equator. After a remarkable effort in setting up the infrastructure, personnel, communication links, and launch pads, the inaugural flight was launched on November 21, 1963 with a sodium vapour payload.

As a result of Dr. Sarabhai’s dialogue with NASA in 1966, the Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE) was launched during July 1975 – July 1976 (when Dr.Sarabhai was no more).

Dr. Sarabhai started a project for the fabrication and launch of an Indian Satellite. As a result, the first Indian satellite, Aryabhata, was put in orbit in 1975 from a Russian Cosmodrome.

Dr. Sarabhai was very interested in science education and founded a Community Science Centre at Ahmedabad in 1966. Today, the Centre is called the Vikram A Sarabhai Community Science Centre.

First rocket launching station in India

Architect of the atomic dream Dr. Homi Jehangir Bhabha supported Dr. Sarabhai in setting up the first rocket launching station in India. This centre was established at Thumba near Thiruvananthapuram on the coast of the Arabian Sea, primarily because of its proximity to the equator.

After a remarkable effort in setting up the infrastructure, personnel, communication links, and launch pads, the inaugural flight was launched on November 21, 1963, with a sodium vapour payload.

Vikram Sarabhai Contributions

His important contribution includes initiation of space research and development of nuclear power in India. He played an important role in convincing the Government to initiate space research programs. He convinced the Government of India to form the Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) in 1962 and was the first chairperson of the committee. INCOSPAR was later renamed as Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) in 1969. He played an advisory role in the new setup.

Vikram Sarabhai founded the Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) in Ahmedabad on November 11, 1947. He was only 28 at that time. He was also Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission  and played a major role in the creation of the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad.

Institutes established by Vikram Sarabhai

• Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
• Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad (IIMA)
• Operations Research Group (ORG) – India’s first market research organization
• Ahmedabad Textile Industry’s Research Association (ATIRA)
• Center for Environmental Planning and Technology (CEPT)
• Faster Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR) at Kalpakkam
• Blind Men Association (BMA)
• Electronics Corporation of India Limited (ECIL) at Hyderabad
• Variable Energy Cyclotron Project at Calcutta
• Uranium Corporation of India Limited (UCIL) at Jharkhand.
• Darpana Academy of Performing Arts (along with his wife, dancer Mrinalini Sarabhai)

Awards conferred by Vikram Sarabhai

• President of the Physics section, Indian Science Congress (1962).
• Vice-President, Fourth U.N. Conference on ‘Peaceful uses of Atomic Energy’ (1971).
• President of the General Conference of the I.A.E.A., Vienna (1970).
• The Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, (VSSC) which conducts research in the field of rocket propellants in Thiruvananthapuram is named after him.
• A crater on the moon ‘BESSEL A’ has been named the Sarabhai crater by the International Astronomical Union in 1973.
• Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award (1962).
• Padma Bhushan (1966).
• Padma Vibhushan, posthumous (1972).

  Quotes of Vikram Sarabhai

• “We look down on our scientists if they engage in outside consultation. We implicitly promote the ivory tower”. 
• “….choosing to lead one kind of life means putting aside the desire to pursue other options.” 
•  “He who can listen to the music in the midst of noise can achieve great things”. 
• “….my friend Vikram Sarabhai who often said to me: When you stand above the crowd, you must be ready to have stones thrown at you”. 
• “I also believe that a person who does not have respect for time, and does not have a sense of timing, can achieve little.” 
• “One wants permissive individuals who do not have a compelling need to reassure themselves that they are leaders”. 
• “…failure is not about not succeeding. Rather it is about not putting in your best effort and not contributing, however modestly, to the common good”. 
• “..with adequate support, confrontation at the right time pays off”. 
• “I have often claimed that I have had but one good idea in my life: that true development is the development of women and men”. 
• “Our belief at Anand has always been: let the people’s energies be unleashed”. 
• “Our bureaucracy today is too bloated and therefore it is burdensome”. 
• “What, therefore, is a government at its best? It is a government that “governs” least and instead finds ways to mobilise the energies of our people”. 

The contributions made by Dr. Vikram Sarabhai are extraordinary in the field of space science. His dedication and hard work can’t be forgettable and so, to pay homage to the father of India’s Space program, ISRO has announced an award in the name of Vikram Sarabhai on his 100th birthday on 12 August, 2019.

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