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Scientific Problem Solving

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Presentation on theme: "Scientific Problem Solving"— Presentation transcript:

The Scientific Method: DR HERC

Scientific Method.

Scientific Method Practice

November 14, 2014 Objectives: ◦ Differentiate between independent variables, dependent variables, and constants ◦ Explain how to carry out a scientific.

Introduction to Science: The Scientific Method

Physical Science CP Chapter 1

The Scientific Method Physics.

@earthscience92. What is Science? Science – The systematic study of natural events and condition. Anything in living or nonliving world Scientific knowledge.

Section 1- The Methods of Science. What is Science Science comes from Latin word scientia… which means knowledge. Science comes from Latin word scientia…

Aim: What are the steps to the Scientific Method?

The Scientific Method Organized Common Sense. Scientific Method  The scientific Method is a method of answering scientific question.

The Nature of Science Hello my future scientists!!!

Chapter: The Nature of Science

Chapter 1: The Nature of Science Table of Contents Section 1-2 Science in Action.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Resources Click on one of the following icons to go to that resource. Image.

The Scientific Method. What is the scientific method? A process of gathering facts through observation and formulating scientific hypotheses. A process.

The scientific method is a series of steps that scientists use to answer questions or solve problems. Steps: 1.Make observations 2. Ask a question 3.Form.

Scientific Method Chapter 1, pgs

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6 Steps of the Scientific Method PowerPoint Diagram

6 Steps of the Scientific Method PowerPoint Diagram is an experimentation technique presentation template. This method is used to explore observations and answer questions. The PowerPoint templates of the scientific method display a flow chart diagram containing pre-defined text and clipart icons. These contents will help users insert key pieces of information in the process.

The scientific method definition – Acquiring knowledge for development in science by careful observation, data, and tests. The steps of scientific method are one of many techniques scientists use in different areas. It is purposed for problem-solving in all sciences including biology, chemistry, physics, geology, and phycology. For example, a biologist might find a certain type of cancer being treated with chemotherapy and investigate why. However, the same technique can be used in various research projects. Because it helps discover cause and effect relationships by asking questions, collecting data, and testing evidence.

The scientific method steps of problem-solving are five basic stages i.e. Question, Background research, Hypothesis, Prediction, and Test. The additional 6th step feedback is used for making further predictions or hypotheses. These steps are tied in logical flow rather than a linear sequence of activities. In this way, it creates an iterative process necessary for testing.

The PowerPoint template for 6 Steps of the Scientific Method can demonstrate science projects, school activities, and independent research. It will help provide an overview and understanding of steps involved while keeping the focus on a scientific question. A single slide diagram template will enable presenter to discuss observations and data with audience in a logical sequence.

There are two versions of Scientific method flow chart available in PowerPoint. These are editable PowerPoint shapes and icons which could be modified easily to display different problems. Simply edit the text placeholders to add your content and quick adjustments before presentation.

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The Scientific Method for Solving Problems - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

The Scientific Method for Solving Problems

This is where the compost tea experiment last quarter suffered-- not predictive. the worm bin compost (valid unto itself) and other compost were only one example, ... – powerpoint ppt presentation.

• Martha Rosemeyer
• Eco Ag/Organic Seed
• April 1, 2004
• I. Observe your situation
• II. Gather data from literature
• III. Develop a testable hypothesis
• IV. Test your hypothesis
• V. Analyze data and determine whether
• supports hypothesis or not
• Useful for solving certain types of problems
• Methodological Françesco Redi and Louis Pasteur used the scientific method to disprove the widely-held idea of spontaneous generation (that life arises from nothing)
• Technological In 1600s the invention of microscope permitted viewing of germ cells
• Look at problem- invest in a hand lens for insect and disease problems
• Pattern of plant problem on the plant
• Pattern of plant w/problem in the field
• What are the possible causes?
• What can we test for?
• You are watching pea seedlings come up in certain areas of field come up yellow
• Dark brown collar near soil line (crown) of plant
• Plant can fall over
• Photo is of soybean damping off
• You notice that low spots in the field have the symptom
• Low spots collect water remain damp
• Extension bulletins
• Peer-reviewed articles
• Talk to other gardeners or farmers in your area
• And to return to an example, Darwin not only observed and took notes during his voyage, but he also studied breeding and read the works of other naturalists to form his Theory of Evolution.
• Do not overwater!
• Do not plant in soils known to be infested with damping-off fungi.
• Mulch to help raise soil temperature.
• Plant in warm, well-drained soils during warm, dry weather (when possible).
• Plant shallowly to encourage quick seedling emergence and growth.
• Hypothesis is a statement that has two parts
• Need a) testable explanation for the b) observation
• Needs to be able to be tested by an experiment
• Observation Yellowing and death at crown (where stem meets the soil) is due to damping off testable experiment
• The observed symptoms (lesions at soil line, yellowing) are due to damping off caused by a complex of fungi (Pythium sp., Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium sp.).
• What you observe is the effect and the hypothesis is the potential cause
• Multiple hypotheses should be proposed wherever possible, e.g. The observed symptoms are due to Aphanomyces root rot or an insect.
• Isolate the fungi from the diseased tissue
• Reinoculate (apply fungi to) peas under sterile damp soil conditions
• Observe symptoms-- are they the same?
• Re-isolate the same fungus complex
• This process ascribing causality of the pathogen with the symptoms is called Kochs postulates
• Broth experiment to disprove spontaneous generation
• broth in open flash (control treatment)
• broth in closed, sterile flask (experimental treatment)
• Data demonstrated that spoiled broth an microbes were present in open flask only in repeated tests (repetitions)
• Therefore microbes did not arise by spontaneous generation
• Conclusion(s) Organisms do not arise by spontaneous generation in this manner. To quote,
• Life is a germ, and a germ is Life. Never will the doctrine of spontaneous generation recover from the mortal blow of this simple experiment.
• --Louis Pasteur
• 1) Treatment group
• Pea plants are inoculated using agar with fungus complex
• 2) Control group
• ONLY difference between the two is only the ONE variable you wish to test
• For example if you have the fungi on agar blocks and you are using the blocks for inoculation then your control is .
• Why are repetitions needed?
• Do all plants with symptoms have the pathogen
• Does the fungus or pathogen complex cause the disease
• Environment Does damping off arise only in damp spots
• How many times do I need to repeat experiment?
• Depends on variability in system
• You read in the literature and notice in previous plantings that a number of varieties of pea (in a variety trial) that smooth-seeded varieties have greater problems with damping off than wrinkled. You set out to test some new smooth and wrinkled pea varieties, as we will.
• What is your hypothesis?
• How would you test this?
• Treatment, control, how many reps?
• Hypotheses can be proven wrong/incorrect, but can never be proven or confirmed with absolute certainty. They are supported by the experimental results
• Impossible to test all given conditions, and someone in the future may find a condition under which the hypothesis does not hold true
• Research is cumulative and progressive. Scientists build on the work of previous researchers, and one important part of any good research is to first do a literature review to find out what previous research has already been done in the field. Science is a process new things are being discovered and old, long-held theories are modified or replaced with better ones as more data/knowledge is accumulated.
• Another way to say this is generalizable
• This is where the compost tea experiment last quarter suffered-- not predictive
• the worm bin compost (valid unto itself) and other compost were only one example, but this was a preliminary experiment
• More tests ie more round vs. wrinkled seeds inoculated and under damp conditions
• Hypothesis-- Smooth peas on the market have a greater tolerance to damping off.
• Has a predictive or generalizable result ultimately
• ..is a generalization based on many observations and experiments a well-tested, verified hypothesis that fits existing data and explains how processes or events are thought to occur.
• May be modified with new information
• Theory in colloquial language means something not solidified, but it is much more tested than hypotheses!
• Sometimes serendipity (Serendib former name for Ceylon) happens
• Chance favors the prepared
• Important to be an observer, especially where your data doesnt fit your hypothesis!
• IV. Test your hypothesis treatments, control,
• repetitions
• results support hypothesis or not
• The Scientific Method cjcarter _at_ uc.edu.

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Scientific Problem Solving

Mar 21, 2019

340 likes | 629 Views

Scientific Problem Solving. The 4 Step Method. Objective. The learner will be able to describe the purpose and requirements for each of the 4 main steps in the technique for problem solving. Overview. Step 1: “Show What You Know” Step 2: “Isolate” Step 3: “Plug-n-Play” Step 4: “Solve”

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Presentation Transcript

Scientific Problem Solving The 4 Step Method

Objective • The learner will be able to describe the purpose and requirements for each of the 4 main steps in the technique for problem solving.

Overview • Step 1: “Show What You Know” • Step 2: “Isolate” • Step 3: “Plug-n-Play” • Step 4: “Solve” • Review • Sample 1 • Sample 2

Step 1: “Show What You Know” • List relevant given information

Step 1: “Show What You Know” • List relevant given information • Always Include Proper Units

Step 1: “Show What You Know” • List relevant given information • Always Include Proper Units • Identify what must be found

Step 2: “Isolate” • Fundamental Equation

Step 2: “Isolate” • Fundamental Equation • Rearrange or isolate

Step 3: “Plug-n-Play” • Insert Values

Step 4: “Solve” • Calculate

Step 4: “Solve” • Calculate • Scientific Value

Step 4: “Solve” • Calculate • Scientific Value • Highlight

Review • Step 1: Show what you know • Step 2: Isolate • Step 3: Plug-n-Play • Step 4: Solve

Sample 1 • A person runs 800.0 m in 3.5 minutes, what was their speed?

Sample 1 • A person runs 800.0 m in 3.5 minutes, what was their speed? • Step 1: • d = 800.0 m • t = 2.5 min • v = ?

Sample 1 • A person runs 800.0 m in 3.5 minutes, what was their speed? • Step 1: • d = 800.0 m • t = 2.5 min Convert to seconds • v = ?

Sample 1 • A person runs 800.0 m in 3.5 minutes, what was their speed? • Step 1: • d = 800.0 m • t = 3.5 min x 60 s/min = 210 s • v = ?

Sample 1 • A person runs 800.0 m in 3.5 minutes, what was their speed? • Step 1: • d = 800.0 m • t = 2.5 min x 60 s/min = 150 s • v = ? Focus of the question

Sample 1 • A person runs 800.0 m in 3.5 minutes, what was their speed? • Step 2: • Already solved for v

Sample 1 • A person runs 800.0 m in 3.5 minutes, what was their speed? • Step 2: • Already solved for v • Step 3:

Sample 1 • A person runs 800.0 m in 3.5 minutes, what was their speed? • Step 2: • Already solved for v • Step 3: • Step 4:

Sample 1 • A person runs 800.0 m in 3.5 minutes, what was their speed? • All together • d = 800.0 m • t = 3.5 min x 60 s/min = 210 s • v = ? : Step 2 Step 3 Step 1 Step 4

Sample 2 • A 25.0 N force is used to push a 200.0 g object 25.0 m. Determine the acceleration.

Sample 2 • A 25.0 N force is used to push a 200.0 g object 25.0 m. Determine the acceleration. • Step 1: • F = 25.0 N • m = 200.0 g • d = 25.0 m • a = ?

Sample 2 • A 25.0 N force is used to push a 200.0 g object 25.0 m. Determine the acceleration. • Step 1: • F = 25.0 N Fundamental Unit • m = 200.0 g • d = 25.0 m • a = ?

Sample 2 • A 25.0 N force is used to push a 200.0 g object 25.0 m. Determine the acceleration. • Step 1: • F = 25.0 N Fundamental Unit • m = 200.0 g Convert to kg • d = 25.0 m • a = ?

Sample 2 • A 25.0 N force is used to push a 200.0 g object 25.0 m. Determine the acceleration. • Step 1: • F = 25.0 N Fundamental Unit • m = 200.0 g / 1000 = 0.2000 kg • d = 25.0 m • a = ?

Sample 2 • A 25.0 N force is used to push a 200.0 g object 25.0 m. Determine the acceleration. • Step 1: • F = 25.0 N Fundamental Unit • m = 200.0 g / 1000 = 0.200 kg • d = 25.0 m Fundamental Unit • a = ?

Sample 2 • A 25.0 N force is used to push a 200.0 g object 25.0 m. Determine the acceleration. • Step 1: • F = 25.0 N Fundamental Unit • m = 200.0 g / 1000 = 0.200 kg • d = 25.0 m Fundamental Unit • a = ? Focus of the Question

Sample 2 • Step 2: • F = m•a Fundamental equation

Sample 2 • Step 2: • F = m•a Fundamental equation • Solve for acceleration

Sample 2 • Step 2: • F = m•a Fundamental equation • Solve for acceleration • Step 3: • Plug in known values

Sample 2 • Step 2: • F = m•a Fundamental equation • Solve for acceleration • Step 3: • Plug in known values • Step 4: • The acceleration of the object is 125 m/s2

Sample 2 • All Together: • F = 25.0 N • m = 200.0 g / 1000 = 0.2000 kg • d = 25.0 m • a = ? • F = m•a • a= 125 m/s2 Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4

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