write an essay on rain water harvesting

Essay on Rain Water Harvesting for Students and Children

500 words essay on rain water harvesting.

Rainwater Harvesting is one of the most commonly used methods to save water. It refers to storing of rainwater for various uses. The notion behind rainwater harvesting is to not waste the rainwater and prevent it from running off. In other words, it is done to collect rainwater using simple mechanisms. This method is very useful considering the water scarcity that is happening in India. Moreover, rainwater harvesting is so easy that almost anyone can do it. We must encourage this practice to help people get access to clean water easily without any cost.

Importance of Rainwater Harvesting

As we know by now, rainwater harvesting is very easy and economical. Following the water scarcity in so many parts of the world, rainwater harvesting has become the need of the hour. It must be practiced by people of all regions. This will also give them a sense of comfort in knowing that they won’t have to face water scarcity.

Furthermore, rainwater harvesting holds more importance than you actually think it does. As we know that surface water is not enough to meet the demands of the people, we can get additional help from rainwater. Also, most people now depend on groundwater for their uses. Many houses and even flats have submersible pumps in their place. The groundwater is decreasing day by day because of excessive usage, deforestation, urbanization and more.

Thus, when we practice rainwater harvesting, it can maintain the level of the groundwater. That way, we all can make use of groundwater as it will keep on replenishing through rainwater harvesting. Moreover, rainwater harvesting prevents water from logging on roads. It also reduces the chances of soil erosion. Most importantly, rainwater harvesting improves the quality of water which we consume, as it is the purest form of water.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Rainwater Harvesting Methods

Rainwater harvesting is a very simple method that can be practiced by anyone. There are primarily two types of rainwater harvesting methods. The first one is surface runoff harvesting. In this method, the water that runs off the surface is focused on. We see how the surface runoff causes a lot of loss of water. However, if we make proper arrangements, we can even save that water to use for various purposes.

In this method, we can collect the surface runoff water by making a path that directs to a storage space like a tank or pond. This can help store water in a large amount which can be used later for a lot of work. Everyone can design an efficient system which will collect large amounts of water from roads, gardens, parks and more. It will definitely be enough to sustain a community and even a city is designed on a larger level.

However, the runoff water will have a lot of impurities. Therefore, it is important to first filter the water properly so it can be reused for all purposes, whether it is drinking or cooking.

Next up, we have rooftop rainwater harvesting. Here, the roof of a house or building works as a rainwater collection unit. It includes equipping the roof with pipes that direct to a pit or tank. These pipes will divert the water falling on the roof in the tank to save water from falling off. This is a very economical and efficient way to harvest rainwater.

FAQs on Rain Water Harvesting

Q.1 Why is Rainwater Harvesting important?

A.1 Rainwater harvesting is important because we are facing water scarcity. Rainwater is an economical way to save water and prevent rainwater wastage.

Q.2 How can one harvest rainwater?

A.2 Rainwater harvesting is done using two methods. One is surface runoff harvesting and the other is rooftop rainwater harvesting.

Customize your course in 30 seconds

Which class are you in.

• Travelling Essay
• Picnic Essay
• Our Country Essay
• My Parents Essay
• Essay on Favourite Personality
• Essay on Memorable Day of My Life
• Essay on Knowledge is Power
• Essay on Gurpurab
• Essay on My Favourite Season
• Essay on Types of Sports

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Download the App

45,000+ students realised their study abroad dream with us. Take the first step today

Meet top uk universities from the comfort of your home, here’s your new year gift, one app for all your, study abroad needs, start your journey, track your progress, grow with the community and so much more.

Verification Code

An OTP has been sent to your registered mobile no. Please verify

Thanks for your comment !

Our team will review it before it's shown to our readers.

• School Education /

Essay on Rainwater Harvesting: Water Saving Techniques

• Updated on  
• Oct 7, 2023

Writing an essay on rainwater harvesting requires you to describe sustainable water management practices, such as the collection and storage of rainwater for various purposes, like irrigation , landscaping, domestic use, etc. In recent years, this technique has gained popularity as a way to conserve this life-saving resource and reduce the demand for traditional water sources like rivers, lakes, and groundwater.

Did you know that Earth is not the only planet where the phenomenon of rain occurs? Other celestial bodies, such as Saturn’s moon Titan, have rain, but it consists of liquid methane and ethane rather than water due to the extremely cold temperatures. Let’s check out some essays on rainwater harvesting for a better understanding of this topic.

Table of Contents

• 1 Essay on Rainwater Harvesting in 100 Words
• 2 Essay on Rainwater Harvesting in 200 Words
• 3 Essay on Rainwater Harvesting in 300 Words

Also Read – Essay on Diwali

Essay on Rainwater Harvesting in 100 Words

Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) is the process of collecting and storing rainwater for various uses. This is an eco-friendly method to conserve rainwater resources for purposes like agricultural use, domestic use, etc. Rainwater can be collected on rooftops and other surfaces, filtered and stored in tanks or cisterns. 

There are several benefits of rainwater harvesting, such as promoting water sustainability, lower water bills, environmental benefits by decreasing runoff and erosion, etc. Implementing rainwater harvesting systems is a step toward responsible water management, helping communities become more self-reliant in their water supply while protecting the planet’s clean water resources .

Essay on Rainwater Harvesting in 200 Words

Rainwater harvesting is one of the cost-effective ways to collect and store rainwater using different methods and techniques. In today’s world where fresh water is depleting at a tremendous rate, practising rainwater harvesting can be a vital strategy in the quest for responsible water management, conservation, and the promotion of sustainability.

Rainwater harvesting starts with the collection of rainwater on rooftops, pavements and other impermeable surfaces. To channel the rainwater into storage containers, gutters and downspouts are used. Rainwater can be stored in barrels or cisterns, depending on the resources available. Once collected, it can be used a various purposes such as irrigation, washing clothes, flushing toilets, and even for drinking, if treated properly.

Here are some of the compelling reasons stating the use of rainwater harvesting.

• This practice reduces the demand for natural water resources, such as surface water from rivers and groundwater.
• This can help to alleviate the stress on these limited or finite resources.
• It promotes water self-sufficiency and resilience, especially in drought-prone regions.
• Practising it at the domestic level can be an effective way to save money on water bills, especially for non-potable uses.

Due to climate change and water scarcity, practising rainwater harvesting can be an effective step for a sustainable and water-secure future.

Also Read – Essay on Technology

Essay on Rainwater Harvesting in 300 Words

One of the crucial and cost-effective ways to save water is to start practising rainwater harvesting. This age-old technique to conserve rainwater has gained significant popularity as the world is facing water scarcity, overuse of resources and environmental concerns. Rainwater can be collected on surfaces like impermeable rooftops, pavements or an open tank. 

The collected rainwater can be channelled using gutters, and downspouts, where it can be stored in larger tanks or cisterns. This collected rainwater can be used for a multitude of applications, such as irrigation, flushing toilets, washing clothes, and even drinking after proper treatment. 

There are several compelling reasons to embrace rainwater harvesting. 

• Rainwater harvesting helps reduce the pressure on traditional water sources like rivers, lakes, and underground aquifers.
• Furthermore, it mitigates the risk of over-extraction, a critical concern in many regions.
• By harnessing rainwater, we can also build resilience against droughts and water shortages, ensuring a more reliable water supply.
• Rainwater harvesting is environmentally friendly, as it minimizes stormwater runoff, which can cause erosion, flood urban areas, and transport pollutants to water bodies.
• Instead, collected rainwater can be used to recharge local aquifers, promoting groundwater sustainability. 
• Moreover, it curtails the energy and chemicals typically needed for water treatment and distribution in centralized water supply systems, reducing the carbon footprint.

From an economic perspective, rainwater harvesting can lead to significant savings on water bills, particularly for non-potable uses. It empowers individuals and communities to take control of their water supply, reducing their dependence on external sources.

However, successful rainwater harvesting requires thoughtful planning and investment. Proper filtration, treatment, and maintenance are essential to ensure the collected rainwater is safe and of good quality.

As the world faces mounting water challenges, its adoption is becoming increasingly critical. By integrating rainwater harvesting into our daily lives and infrastructure, we can take a significant step toward securing our water future while reducing our impact on the environment.

Related Articles:

• Essay on Save Environment
• Essay on Junk Food
• Essay on Unity in Diversity
• Essay on Water Pollution
• Essay on Yoga

Rainwater Harvesting is a sustainable water management practice, in which rainwater is collected and stored in tanks for various purposes. It’s one of the most eco-friendly ways to conserve water.

Some of the water conservation measures are: practising rainwater harvesting for non-profitable use, practising smart irrigation methods, installing low-flow faucets at home, reusing greywater for irrigation and toilet flushing, etc.

There are several ways in which rainwater can be collected. Installing rainwater collection surfaces like a roof or tarp, installing gutters and downspouts, and regularly checking and cleaning filters, screens, and storage containers to ensure the water remains clean and free from contaminants.

For more information on such interesting topics, visit our essay writing page and make sure to follow Leverage Edu .

Shiva Tyagi

With an experience of over a year, I've developed a passion for writing blogs on wide range of topics. I am mostly inspired from topics related to social and environmental fields, where you come up with a positive outcome.

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

Contact no. *

Connect With Us

45,000+ students realised their study abroad dream with us. take the first step today..

Resend OTP in

Need help with?

Study abroad.

UK, Canada, US & More

IELTS, GRE, GMAT & More

Scholarship, Loans & Forex

Country Preference

New Zealand

Which English test are you planning to take?

Which academic test are you planning to take.

Not Sure yet

When are you planning to take the exam?

Already booked my exam slot

Within 2 Months

Want to learn about the test

Which Degree do you wish to pursue?

When do you want to start studying abroad.

January 2024

September 2024

What is your budget to study abroad?

How would you describe this article ?

Please rate this article

We would like to hear more.

Have something on your mind?

Make your study abroad dream a reality in January 2022 with

India's Biggest Virtual University Fair

Essex Direct Admission Day

Why attend .

Don't Miss Out

Essay On Rainwater Harvesting

Table of Contents

Short Essay On Rainwater Harvesting

Rainwater harvesting is the collection and storage of rainwater for later use. It is a sustainable method of conserving water, especially in regions where water is scarce. The process involves the collection of rainwater from roof tops, driveways, and other surfaces into storage tanks or cisterns.

Benefits of rainwater harvesting:

Reduces reliance on groundwater and municipal water supply. Conserves water resources and reduces water stress. Helps to recharge groundwater aquifers. Lowers water bills and saves money. Provides water for irrigation, household use and fire fighting. Methods of rainwater harvesting:

Roof top harvesting: Collection of rainwater from roof tops into storage tanks. Surface runoff harvesting: Collection of water from driveways, sidewalks and other surfaces. Infiltration harvesting: Collection of water from soil through infiltration pits. Rainwater harvesting systems can be designed and constructed at various scales, from small household systems to large scale systems for communities and industries. It is important to properly maintain the systems to ensure the quality of the stored water is safe for consumption and other uses.

In conclusion, rainwater harvesting is an effective and sustainable method of conserving water, especially in regions where water is scarce. By implementing rainwater harvesting systems, individuals, communities and industries can reduce their reliance on groundwater and municipal water supplies, conserve water resources, lower water bills and contribute to a sustainable future.

Long Essay On Rainwater Harvesting

Rainwater harvesting is an increasingly popular way of collecting and storing rainwater for later use. This method helps conserve water resources and can be used to fill ponds, irrigate gardens, recharge groundwater, and even supply homes with drinking water. In this essay, we’ll explore the concept of rainwater harvesting and its benefits. We’ll also explore how this process works and why it’s so important to implement in our daily lives.

Introduction

Water harvesting is the process of collecting and storing rainwater for reuse. It is a practice that has been used for centuries in many parts of the world, but is especially relevant today as a way to conserve water and reduce reliance on municipal water supplies.

There are many ways to collect and store rainwater, from simple rain barrels to more complex systems that can be used to irrigate gardens or wash cars. The most important thing is to have a plan in place so that the water can be collected efficiently and stored safely.

Rainwater harvesting is a great way to save water and money, and it’s an environmentally friendly practice as well. If you’re interested in learning more about rainwater harvesting, read on for an introduction to this important topic.

What is Rainwater Harvesting?

Rainwater harvesting is the process of collecting and storing rainwater for future use. It can be used for irrigation, drinking water, or to recharge groundwater aquifers. Rainwater harvesting can be done with simple techniques, such as redirecting roof gutters to a storage tank, or it can be done with more complex systems that collect and store rainwater from a larger area.

There are many benefits to rainwater harvesting. It is a sustainable way to reduce demand on municipal water supplies, and it can help conserve water during periods of drought. Rainwater is also free of chemicals and pollutants that are found in surface water sources, making it a good option for irrigation or drinking water. In addition, using rainwater can help reduce stormwater runoff and the associated problems of flooding and erosion.

If you are interested in rainwater harvesting, there are many resources available to help you get started. The first step is to assess your needs and determine the best way to collect and store rainwater for your specific situation. There are a number of different storage options available, so it is important to choose one that will work well in your climate and meet your needs. Once you have designed your system, you will need to install it and maintain it properly to ensure that it continues to work effectively.

Benefits of Rainwater Harvesting

Rainwater harvesting is a process in which rainfall is collected and stored for future use. There are many benefits to rainwater harvesting, including the following:

1. Rainwater harvesting can help to reduce water bills.

2. Rainwater harvesting can help to conserve water.

3. Rainwater harvesting can help to reduce flooding.

4. Rainwater harvesting can help to recharge groundwater aquifers.

5. Rainwater harvesting can help to create habitat for wildlife.

Different Methods of Rainwater Harvesting

There are many different methods of rainwater harvesting. The most common and simplest method is to collect rainwater in a container, such as a barrel or tank. This can be done by placing the container under a gutter downspout or on top of a slope where it will collect runoff from rainfall.

Another method is to create a rain garden. This is done by digging a shallow depression in the ground and planting it with native plants that are tolerant of wet conditions. The rain garden will capture and slow down runoff from rainfall, allowing the water to seep into the ground instead of running off into storm drains.

Yet another method is to install a green roof. A green roof is essentially a layer of vegetation that is placed over the top of a building. Green roofs help to reduce storm water runoff by absorbing rainfall and providing insulation for the building below.

These are just a few of the many different methods of rainwater harvesting that can be used to help conserve water and reduce flooding.

The Need for Rainwater Harvesting in India

As the world’s population grows, the demand for water increases. In India, a country with over 1.3 billion people, the need for water is especially acute. With nearly 70% of the country’s surface area covered by desert, and much of the rest of the country facing water shortages, it is clear that something must be done to address the issue.

One potential solution is rainwater harvesting. Rainwater harvesting is a process by which rainwater is collected and stored for later use. This collected rainwater can be used for irrigation, drinking water, or even to recharge groundwater aquifers.

There are many benefits to rainwater harvesting. For one, it can help to mitigate droughts by providing a source of water during dry periods. Additionally, it can help to reduce flooding by managing stormwater runoff. Furthermore, rainwater harvesting can help to reduce the strain on municipal water supplies, and can even provide potable water in areas where there is no access to clean drinking water.

In India, there is an urgent need for rainwater harvesting. With a growing population and limited resources, rainwater harvesting presents a viable solution to address the country’s water needs.

Strategies to Improve Rainwater Harvesting Practices in India

In India, rainwater harvesting has been practiced for centuries, and is an important part of the country’s water management strategy. With the country’s population and economy growing rapidly, there is an increasing demand for water, and rainfall is becoming more variable due to climate change. As a result, it is essential to improve rainwater harvesting practices in India in order to ensure a reliable water supply.

There are a number of strategies that can be used to improve rainwater harvesting practices in India. One key strategy is to increase the amount of water that is collected and stored during the monsoon season. This can be done by constructing more storage tanks and reservoirs, and by increasing the capacity of existing ones. Another strategy is to use new technology to collect and store rainwater, such as rooftop rainwater harvesting systems. In addition, it is important to educate people about the importance of rainwater harvesting and how it can be used effectively.

By implementing these strategies, India can improve its water security and reduce its dependence on groundwater resources. This will help to protect the environment and ensure that there is enough water for all sector al uses. It will also help to reduce the risk of water scarcity in the future, ensuring that the country has a reliable source of water for its growing population.

Rainwater harvesting is a great way to conserve water and reduce the strain on our local resources. By investing in tanks, filters, and other rainwater harvesting equipment, we can ensure that our communities are better equipped to handle future droughts while also taking steps towards a more sustainable lifestyle. Rainwater harvesting helps us be mindful of the environment and think critically about how we use precious resources such as fresh water. Implementing it into everyday life is not only beneficial for the Earth but also for ourselves.

Manisha Dubey Jha is a skilled educational content writer with 5 years of experience. Specializing in essays and paragraphs, she’s dedicated to crafting engaging and informative content that enriches learning experiences.

Related Posts

Essay on importance of yoga, essay on cow, climate change essay, essay on slaver, leave a comment cancel reply.

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

Essay on Rain Water Harvesting

Gathering and storing rainwater for future use is known as rainwater harvesting. It involves the capture of rainwater from surfaces like rooftops, roads, or open grounds, directing it to storage facilities, and utilizing it for various purposes such as irrigation, domestic use, and groundwater recharge. This sustainable practice reduces dependence on conventional water sources, mitigates flooding, and contributes to conservation efforts.

The Need for Rainwater Harvesting

The need for rainwater harvesting has become increasingly evident in the face of growing challenges related to water scarcity, depleting groundwater resources, and the expanding demand for water in various sectors. Here are some key points highlighting the pressing need for rainwater harvesting:

Watch our Demo Courses and Videos

Valuation, Hadoop, Excel, Mobile Apps, Web Development & many more.

1. Global Water Scarcity

• Many regions worldwide are grappling with water scarcity, exacerbated by climate change, population growth, and inefficient water management practices.
• Rainwater harvesting provides an additional sustainable water source, helping alleviate the pressure on traditional water supplies.

2. Depleting Groundwater Resources

• Over-extraction of groundwater for agriculture, industry, and domestic use has led to declining water tables in numerous areas.
• Rainwater harvesting helps recharge groundwater aquifers by capturing rainwater and allowing it to percolate into the ground, replenishing underground reservoirs.

3. Urbanization and Increased Water Demand

• Rapid urbanization has expanded impervious surfaces like roads and buildings, reducing natural infiltration and increasing surface runoff during rain events.
• Rainwater harvesting in urban areas helps manage stormwater, prevent flooding, and ensure a local, decentralized water supply to meet the rising demands of urban populations.

4. Mitigating the Impact of Drought

• Rainwater harvesting is crucial for building resilience against prolonged dry periods in drought-prone regions.
• Stored rainwater can be used during periods of low precipitation, providing a reliable water source for agriculture, domestic use, and other essential needs.

5. Conservation of Ecosystems

• Uncontrolled runoff during heavy rains can lead to soil erosion, loss of topsoil, and degradation of ecosystems.
• Rainwater harvesting reduces runoff, preventing soil erosion and maintaining the health of ecosystems by allowing water to be absorbed naturally into the ground.

6. Energy and Cost Savings

• Traditional water supply systems, such as pumping water from distant sources, can be energy-intensive and costly.
• Rainwater harvesting promotes a decentralized water supply, reducing the need for extensive distribution networks and the associated energy costs.

Components of Rainwater Harvesting Systems

Here’s an explanation of each component in detail:

1. Catchment Area: The catchment area is the surface from which rainwater is collected. It typically includes rooftops, pavements, and other impervious surfaces.

• Description: Rainwater is collected as it falls on these surfaces. Rooftops are particularly effective catchment areas as they provide a clean and easily accessible surface for water collection. The choice of catchment area material is essential to ensure water quality, as contaminants from the catchment surface can affect the harvested water.

2. Conveyance System: The conveyance system consists of gutters, downspouts, and pipes transporting rainwater from the catchment area to the storage or infiltration system.

• Description: Gutters and downspouts collect rainwater from the catchment area and direct it to the storage or treatment facility. Proper design and installation of the conveyance system are crucial to minimize water losses and ensure the efficient transfer of rainwater.

3. First Flush Diverters: First flush diverters divert the initial portion of rainwater, which may contain contaminants from the catchment surface, away from the storage system.

• Description: The first flush of rainwater often contains debris, dust, and pollutants washed off from the catchment area. First flush diverters help improve the quality of harvested rainwater by directing this initial runoff away, ensuring that cleaner water enters the storage or treatment system.

4. Filter and Treatment Units: Filter and treatment units remove impurities, debris, and contaminants from harvested rainwater.

• Description: Various filtration and treatment methods are employed to enhance the quality of harvested rainwater. Common treatments include mesh filters, sedimentation tanks, and disinfection processes such as UV treatment or chlorination. These units ensure the stored water is safe for various uses, including drinking and irrigation.

5. Storage Facilities: Storage facilities include tanks, cisterns, or underground reservoirs where harvested rainwater is stored for later use.

• Description: The size and type of storage facility depend on the demand for water and the frequency and intensity of rainfall. Adequate storage capacity is essential to meet water needs during dry periods or when rainwater is unavailable. Tanks may be made of plastic, concrete, or metal, with proper sealing to prevent contamination.

6. Distribution System: The system comprises pipes and pumps that convey stored rainwater to use points.

• Description: For rainwater to be effectively utilized, a distribution network must transport the water from storage to various locations within a building or community. Pumps may be necessary to provide the required pressure for distribution, especially in larger systems or where uphill transport is needed.

7. Overflow System: The overflow system directs excess rainwater away from the storage facility when it reaches capacity.

• Description: An overflow system is essential to prevent flooding or damage to the storage system. This directs excess rainwater to appropriate drainage, ensuring that the storage facility remains functional and that excess water is safely managed.

How to Harvest the Rainwater

Harvesting rainwater involves a systematic approach to capturing, conveying, and storing rainwater for various purposes. Here’s a detailed, step-by-step guide on how to harvest rainwater:

• Assessment and Planning: Start by evaluating your land to see if rainwater collection is a viable option. Consider factors such as roof area, rainfall patterns, and local regulations. Plan the system based on your water needs and the available space.
• Calculate Catchment Area: Measure the roof area that will serve as the catchment surface. The size of the catchment area will influence the amount of rainwater you can harvest. Ensure that the roofing material is suitable for rainwater collection.
• Install Gutters and Downspouts: To collect rainwater, install gutters around the borders of the roof. Connect the downspouts to direct water from the gutters into the storage system. Ensure that the gutters are correctly sloped for efficient water flow.
• Leaf Screens and First Flush Diverters: Install leaf screens in the gutters to prevent debris from entering the system. Consider adding first flush diverters to redirect the initial runoff, which may contain contaminants, away from the storage tank.
• Conveyance System: Use PVC pipes or other suitable conduits to transport rainwater from the downspouts to the storage tank. Ensure proper sizing and slope to facilitate smooth water flow.
• Storage Tank Installation: Choose an appropriate storage tank based on your water requirements and available space. Install the tank on a stable and level base. Connect the conveyance system to the inlet of the tank.
• Filtration and Treatment: To clean the collected rainwater of contaminants and silt, install a filter system. Consider implementing treatment techniques like UV sterilization or chlorination depending on the need for water quality.
• Overflow System: Set up an overflow system to redirect excess water from the storage tank during heavy rainfall. This prevents flooding and potential damage to the harvesting system.
• Distribution System (Optional): Install a distribution system if the harvested rainwater will be used for domestic or irrigation purposes. Use pipes to convey water from the storage tank to the use points. Include a pump if necessary for pressurized distribution.
• Monitoring and Control Systems: Implement sensors and control devices to monitor water levels and system performance and, if applicable, automate control functions. This enhances the efficiency and reliability of the rainwater harvesting system.
• Maintenance Access: Incorporate access points, such as hatches or openings, to facilitate regular maintenance activities. Schedule routine checks for cleaning, inspection, and repairs to ensure the system’s optimal performance.
• Educate and Promote Awareness: Raise awareness among household members or the community about the benefits of rainwater harvesting. Encourage responsible water use and share information on the system’s operation and maintenance.

Types of Rainwater Harvesting

Here are three common types of rainwater harvesting:

1. Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting

• Description: In this method, people collect rainwater directly from rooftops and convey it to storage tanks for later use.
• Components: The catchment area is the roof surface, and the conveyance system includes gutters and downspouts that direct rainwater to storage tanks. You can use first-flush diverters and filters to improve water quality.
• Advantages: Easy to use and reasonably priced, particularly for single homes. It takes up very little room and is simple to incorporate into already-built structures.

2. Surface Runoff Harvesting

• Description: Surface runoff harvesting involves collecting rainwater from open ground surfaces, such as roads, pavements, and open fields.
• Components: The catchment area comprises the ground surface, and channels, drains, or trenches collect rainwater. We can direct the collected water to storage tanks or use it to recharge groundwater.
• Advantages: Suitable for areas with limited roof space or where rooftops are not viable catchment areas. It can help mitigate surface runoff, reduce soil erosion, and recharge groundwater.

3. Stormwater Harvesting

• Description: Stormwater harvesting is the sustainable management of rainwater runoff from urban surfaces during heavy rainfall. The objective is to reduce urban flooding and supplement water supply.
• Components: Stormwater harvesting in urban areas involves collecting rainwater from streets, parking lots, and pavements. Conveyance systems direct water to storage facilities, like tanks, designed for subsequent use. Filtration systems enhance water quality, creating a comprehensive solution for flood control and water resource augmentation.
• Advantages: Reduces urban flooding by capturing excess stormwater runoff, preventing inundation of streets and properties. Alleviates strain on municipal drainage systems, reducing the risk of infrastructure damage.

Case Studies

Here are summaries of two case studies showcasing successful implementations of rainwater harvesting:

1. Singapore’s Public Housing Board (HDB) Rainwater Harvesting System

• Background: Singapore, facing limited freshwater resources and rapid urbanization, implemented rainwater harvesting systems in public housing estates managed by the Housing and Development Board (HDB).
• Implementation: HDB integrated rainwater harvesting into the design of new public housing blocks. Rooftop catchment areas were optimized, and a network of gutters and downspouts directed rainwater to storage tanks located within the buildings.
• Storage and Filtration: Underground storage tanks with large capacities were installed to collect and store rainwater. Filtration systems ensured the harvested water met quality standards for non-potable uses.
• Reuse Applications: Rainwater collection is employed for non-potable uses, like toilet flushing, plant watering, and communal area cleaning. As a result, there is less demand for the municipal water supply for these operations.
• Results: The rainwater harvesting systems in HDB estates contribute to water conservation efforts, reduce dependency on imported water, and demonstrate the feasibility of large-scale urban rainwater harvesting initiatives.

 2. The ArRain Project in Rajasthan, India

• Background: Rajasthan, a semi-arid region in India, faced chronic water scarcity and drought conditions.The ArRain project aimed to alleviate water stress in rural communities by implementing rainwater harvesting systems.
• Implementation: The project focused on community engagement, educating residents about the benefits of rainwater harvesting. People identified the rooftops of homes and community buildings as catchment areas and constructed rainwater harvesting structures.
• Traditional Techniques: Besides modern rainwater harvesting techniques, the project incorporated check dams, contour trenches, and percolation pits to enhance groundwater recharge and soil moisture retention.
• Community Participation: The success of the ArRain project was attributed to active community involvement. Residents participated in constructing and maintaining rainwater harvesting structures, fostering a sense of ownership and sustainability.
• Impact: The project resulted in increased water availability for agriculture, improved groundwater levels, and enhanced resilience to drought. Communities experienced reduced dependence on distant water sources and improved overall water security.

Challenges and Solutions

Below are detailed insights into some common challenges associated with rainwater harvesting and potential solutions:

1. Inadequate Catchment Area

• Challenge: Small or unsuitable catchment areas limit the amount of rainwater that can be harvested.
• Solution: Optimize existing catchment areas or explore additional surfaces for rainwater collection. Ensure the compatibility of roofing materials for efficient water runoff.

2. Poor Water Quality

• Challenge: Contaminants such as leaves, debris, and pollutants may enter the harvesting system, affecting water quality.
• Solution: Install leaf screens, first flush diverters, and effective filtration systems to remove impurities. Regular maintenance is crucial to ensure continued water quality.

3. Storage Capacity Limitations

• Challenge: Limited storage capacity may lead to overflow during heavy rainfall, wasting potential harvest.
• Solution: Assess water demand and install appropriately sized storage tanks. Implement an effective overflow system to manage excess water and prevent flooding.

4. Seasonal Variability

• Challenge: Rainfall patterns can vary seasonally, affecting the consistency of water supply.
• Solution: Implement complementary strategies such as groundwater recharge during the rainy season or explore alternative water sources to supplement seasonal variations.

5. Lack of Awareness

• Challenge: Communities may need more awareness of the benefits of rainwater harvesting or clarification about its effectiveness.
• Solution: Conduct awareness campaigns, workshops, and educational programs to inform communities about the advantages of rainwater harvesting and its positive impact on water availability.

6. Ownership and Maintenance Issues

• Challenge: Lack of community involvement may result in neglect and poor maintenance of rainwater harvesting systems.
• Solution: Participate in the development, execution, and upkeep of the project with the community to cultivate a sense of ownership. Create community groups or educational initiatives to maintain the system.

7. Financial Constraints

• Challenge: High initial costs for implementing rainwater harvesting systems may discourage adoption, especially in economically disadvantaged areas.
• Solution: Explore financial incentives, subsidies, or low-interest loans to make rainwater harvesting systems more accessible. Encourage partnerships with NGOs or private entities for funding support.

Rainwater harvesting stands as a vital solution for global water sustainability. With technological advancements, policy support, and increasing awareness, the future holds promising prospects. As communities worldwide face growing water challenges, embracing rainwater harvesting mitigates water scarcity and aligns with broader climate resilience and sustainable development goals. The journey towards a water-secure future relies on the continued adoption and optimization of rainwater harvesting practices.

*Please provide your correct email id. Login details for this Free course will be emailed to you

By signing up, you agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy .

Valuation, Hadoop, Excel, Web Development & many more.

Forgot Password?

This website or its third-party tools use cookies, which are necessary to its functioning and required to achieve the purposes illustrated in the cookie policy. By closing this banner, scrolling this page, clicking a link or continuing to browse otherwise, you agree to our Privacy Policy

Explore 1000+ varieties of Mock tests View more

Submit Next Question

🚀 Limited Time Offer! - 🎁 ENROLL NOW

Essay on Rain Water Harvesting

Students are often asked to write an essay on Rain Water Harvesting in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Rain Water Harvesting

Introduction.

Rainwater harvesting is the process of collecting and storing rainwater for later use. This method is a sustainable and economical way to use water, especially in areas where water is scarce.

Importance of Rainwater Harvesting

Rainwater harvesting helps to conserve water, reduce water bills, and lessen the demand for ground water. It’s an excellent way to provide an independent water supply.

Methods of Rainwater Harvesting

There are two main methods: surface runoff harvesting and rooftop rainwater harvesting. Both methods collect rainwater, which can then be used for various purposes.

Rainwater harvesting is a practical solution to water scarcity. It encourages sustainability and promotes water conservation.

250 Words Essay on Rain Water Harvesting

Rainwater harvesting, a traditional method with a modern twist, is a sustainable and eco-friendly approach to water conservation. It involves the accumulation and storage of rainwater for reuse, rather than allowing it to run off.

The Mechanism

Rainwater harvesting systems are simple yet effective. They involve the collection of rainwater from surfaces on which rain falls, filtering it, and storing it for later use. Generally, rainwater is collected from roofs and stored in rainwater tanks. This water can then be used for gardening, livestock, irrigation, or even indoor heating.

Importance and Benefits

In an era where water scarcity is a pressing issue, rainwater harvesting serves as a vital solution. It reduces the demand on the municipal water supply, lowers water bills, and provides an alternative supply during water restrictions. Moreover, it’s a source of naturally soft and chemical-free water, beneficial for plants and soil irrigation.

Global Impact

Rainwater harvesting has the potential to significantly impact global water conservation efforts. In arid regions like parts of Africa and India, rainwater harvesting has been a lifeline, providing much-needed water during dry seasons. Developed nations like Australia and Germany have also adopted this system, demonstrating its universal applicability.

In conclusion, rainwater harvesting is an efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly method of conserving water. As we grapple with climate change and water scarcity, it’s crucial for us to adopt sustainable practices like rainwater harvesting. By doing so, we can ensure a reliable and resilient water supply for future generations.

500 Words Essay on Rain Water Harvesting

Introduction to rainwater harvesting.

Rainwater harvesting is an age-old practice and a crucial aspect of sustainable living. It is the process of collecting and storing rainwater for future use instead of letting it run off. The escalating environmental issues and water scarcity worldwide have brought rainwater harvesting back into focus.

The Importance of Rainwater Harvesting

Rainwater harvesting plays a pivotal role in addressing the global water crisis. It aids in water conservation by reducing the reliance on groundwater or municipal water supply. Additionally, it helps in mitigating the effects of drought and flood, contributing to climate change resilience.

Rainwater is a clean, free, and readily available renewable resource, which, if harvested and stored correctly, can be used for various purposes like irrigation, washing, and even drinking with proper treatment. Moreover, it reduces soil erosion and waterlogging issues by limiting runoff.

There are two primary methods of rainwater harvesting: surface runoff harvesting and rooftop rainwater harvesting.

Rooftop rainwater harvesting, on the other hand, involves collecting rainwater from roof catchments. The collected water can be stored in tanks or diverted into wells or recharge pits. This method is highly efficient and cost-effective for individual households.

Technological Advancements in Rainwater Harvesting

Advancements in technology have made rainwater harvesting more efficient and accessible. Modern systems come with filtration units to ensure the water is clean. Some advanced systems even incorporate AI and IoT for monitoring water levels, quality, and automated functioning of the system.

Challenges and Solutions

To overcome these challenges, it is essential to spread awareness about the benefits of rainwater harvesting and provide subsidies or financial incentives to encourage its adoption. Further, technical training should be provided for the correct design and maintenance of these systems.

Rainwater harvesting is a sustainable and viable solution to the global water crisis. It not only conserves water but also plays a significant role in climate change mitigation. With technological advancements making it more efficient and the right policies in place to overcome challenges, rainwater harvesting can significantly contribute to a sustainable future.

Apart from these, you can look at all the essays by clicking here .

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

• Skip to main content

India’s Largest Career Transformation Portal

Rainwater Harvesting Essay for Students in English [500 Words]

January 6, 2021 by Sandeep

Essay on Rainwater Harvesting: To beat water scarcity and sustain lives across continents, rainwater harvesting is a practice followed by nations worldwide. It is one of the most innovative solutions to save water. It helps to balance water cycle, avoid rainwater flooding in low lying regions, and better utilise rainwater for purposes like gardening, washing and cleaning purposes. Government policies have made it compulsory to implement rainwater harvesting at residential and commercial buildings.

Essay on Rainwater Harvesting 500 Words in English

Below we have provided Rainwater Harvesting Essay in English, suitable for class 6, 7, 8, 9 & 10.

Rainwater Harvesting is a form of harvest in which rainfall is gathered and deposited for potential use instead of being allowed from getting washed out. Rainwater can be collected from rivers or dome to a bottomless pit (well, pipe, or borer), aquifer, percolated pond or collected from dew or fog with filets or other devices. The uses include greenhouse water, cattle irrigation, household use, indoor heating for houses, etc. The extracted water can also be used as drinking water, for long-term storage and other uses, including irrigation of groundwater.

India has received significant water supplies from nature. We have seasonal rivers like the Ganga, Brahmaputra, Yamuna, Beas and others with their affluent and distributors, in the north and eastern India. In central and peninsular India, we have spring and rain-fed rivers like the Godavari, Krishna, Narmada, Tapti and Kaveri. Notwithstanding these immense available water supplies, we face a countrywide water crisis. The growing population, growing industrialization and developing agriculture have raised the need for water over the years.

Rainwater Harvesting in India

In India, it is more than 4000 years since the rainwater was harvested. It is a simple method to capture and store rainwater. Since ancient times, rainwater irrigation systems have been used as a source of potable water, irrigated water as well as agricultural water. The systems are simple to create from cheap, locally-produced materials and have proven popular in most areas. The most significant benefit of rainwater is that water quality is usually good, and no preparation before consuming is needed.

There are several methods to harness rainwater, ranging from relatively necessary to highly complex industrial systems. Usually, on the roof or the ground, rainwater is collected. The rate at which rainwater can be obtained from any system depends entirely on the strength of the precipitation and the area and general performance of the systems in operation.

Methods of Rainwater Harvesting

Some of the most common ways to harness and treat urban rainwater are:

• Surface Runoff Harvesting: The most effective approach in urban areas is Surface Runoff harvesting. Soil water sources are redirected here and deposited on the soil or underground to be used for future uses in specially built reservoirs. This ensures the constant water supply for general domestic applications as well as clean, drinking water.
• Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting: Rooftop rainwater harvesting is the most common alternative for urban harvesting. The system is accessible in a single home setting, hospitals, colleges and other academic buildings with more roof space. The rooftop rainwater storage idea is fundamental and easy to do. A container has to be installed or put under the surface of the roof, which collects and converts the rainwater from timber, bamboo or PVC pipes. While this is the basic principle, it is much more complex to harness industry-grade rooftop rainwater in large complexes.
• Recharge Pits: The creation of refill pits to carry rainwater is also a growing rainwater harvesting method. Recharge boxes can be of any size and shape, depending on the strength of plumage in a given area. These recharge pits must be filled with gross sand, boulders and gravel which act as natural filters that protect the soil and the soil is usually carried by the first rainwater flood.

Rain Water Harvesting Essay | Power of Rainwater | Benefits & Techniques | 100, 150, 200, 300 and 500 + Words

Have you ever considered the incredible power and potential of simple and abundant rainwater? The world is increasingly grappling with water scarcity, so rainwater has become more important than ever. From conserving precious water resources to reducing our reliance on municipal supplies, rainwater harvesting is an ingenious technique. We have provided below short and long rain water harvesting essay in English for your knowledge and information. After going through these you will know why rainwater harvesting is important and method of rainwater harvesting. The essays will be extremely useful in your school/college assignments where you have to write an essay, give speech or take part in a debate competition.

Rain Water Harvesting Essay- 100 Words

Rainwater harvesting means a collection of rainwater by storing it in containers and using the water for different purposes. This method recycles rainwater for several purposes. It can be filtered and used as drinking water. It can also be stored in ditches , canals for using in household activities. New technologies make this process much more efficient. Harvesting rainwater ensures that there is never a shortage of water and people are better equipped to deal with droughts. Water is recycled at a larger scale where wastewater is purified and used for new purposes. Recycling water helps in conserving potable water. It helps the environment and saves money as well. It also prepares reserves for dealing with natural calamities like drought etc. Moreover, it helps in recycling of valuable nutrients. We should use water judiciously at home and recycle it whenever we get a chance.

• Happiest Day of My Life Essay
• Essay on Use of Technology in Education
• Essay on Television
• Important Full Forms of GK
• Full Forms of Police Department

Essay for Rainwater Harvesting- 150 Words

Rainwater harvesting plays a vital role in addressing water scarcity by collecting and storing rainwater instead of letting it go to waste. By reducing dependence on traditional water sources during droughts and high-demand periods, rainwater harvesting helps alleviate the strain on existing supplies. This sustainable practice not only conserves water but also has positive environmental impacts. It minimizes runoff, prevents water pollution , and recharges groundwater reserves, contributing to long-term water availability. Additionally, rainwater harvesting brings economic benefits by reducing water bills through non-potable uses like irrigation and toilet flushing. Communities and individuals embracing rainwater harvesting become more self-sufficient and resilient, with greater control over their water supply. By promoting rainwater harvesting, we can create a more sustainable future, ensuring sufficient water resources for generations to come. Let’s embrace this simple yet effective solution to combat water scarcity and secure our water needs.

Essay on Rainwater Harvesting- 200 Words

In a world where water scarcity is a growing problem, rainwater harvesting offers hope as a solution. It is a simple and effective way to tackle the water crisis. Instead of letting rainwater go to waste, we should capture and store it for future use. Just imagine if we could use every drop of rain wisely, easing the pressure on rivers and underground reservoirs. Although rainwater harvesting may seem like an old practice, its relevance in modern society is undeniable.

Benefits of Rainwater Harvesting:

• Helps combat droughts.
• Reduces pollution from stormwater runoff.
• Replenishes groundwater reserves.
• Supports agriculture during dry spells.

Techniques and Possibilities of Rainwater Harvesting:

• Integrating rooftop catchment systems into sustainable housing designs.
• Creating intricate networks to filter runoff in urban areas. Overall Potential and Impact of Rainwater Harvesting:
• Rainwater harvesting offers countless possibilities beyond just collecting rain in barrels or tanks.
• Communities can transform this overlooked resource into a catalyst for change.

Rainwater harvesting also promotes self-sufficiency. It empowers individuals and communities to take control of their water supply, which is crucial in uncertain environmental conditions. We all should remember that Rainwater harvesting holds immense benefits for both individuals and communities alike. So try to adopt the methods told above and take this topic very seriously.

Essay for Rainwater Harvesting- 300 Words

Rainwater harvesting is a powerful practice that offers numerous benefits and holds the key to addressing water scarcity. By capturing and utilizing rainwater, we can make a significant impact on water conservation efforts. In this essay, we will explore the benefits and techniques of rainwater harvesting, along with some interesting facts about this sustainable approach.

1.Mitigates Water Scarcity: Rainwater harvesting reduces the strain on traditional water sources during droughts and high-demand periods, ensuring water availability for various purposes. 2.Environmental Impact: By collecting rainwater, we minimize stormwater runoff, which helps prevent floods and reduces water pollution, benefiting ecosystems and aquatic life. 3.Groundwater Recharge: Rainwater harvesting promotes the replenishment of groundwater reserves, ensuring a sustainable water supply for wells and boreholes. 4.Cost Savings: Utilizing rainwater for non-potable uses like irrigation and toilet flushing reduces reliance on treated water, leading to lower water bills and financial savings.

Techniques of Rainwater Harvesting:

1.Rooftop Catchment Systems: Install gutters and downspouts to collect rainwater from rooftops. Direct the collected water into storage tanks or underground reservoirs for future use. 2.Rain Gardens: Design and create landscaped areas that collect rainwater, allowing it to infiltrate into the ground and recharge groundwater supplies. 3.Permeable Pavement: Use porous materials for driveways, parking lots, and walkways to allow rainwater to penetrate the ground, replenishing aquifers.

Some Interesting Facts about Rainwater Harvesting:

1.Rainwater harvesting is an ancient practice dating back thousands of years, with historical evidence found in civilizations such as the Romans, Greeks, and Mayans. 2.Rainwater is naturally pure and free from pollutants present in other water sources, making it ideal for various non-potable uses. 3.A single inch of rain falling on a 1,000 square foot roof can yield up to 600 gallons of harvested rainwater. 4.Rainwater harvesting is practiced worldwide, from arid regions like Rajasthan, India, to water-stressed cities like Singapore.

Conclusion:

Rainwater harvesting is a powerful tool that empowers individuals and communities to conserve water, protect the environment, and ensure a sustainable water supply. By implementing simple techniques and utilizing rainwater wisely, we can make a significant difference in mitigating water scarcity and building a resilient future. Let us harness the power of rainwater and embrace this sustainable practice for a water-secure world.

Long Essay on Rainwater Harvesting 500 + Words

Imagine harnessing the power of nature’s gift, capturing every precious drop from the sky and putting it to good use. This ancient practice has stood the test of time, dating back centuries across different cultures around the globe. From humble beginnings to modern techniques, rainwater harvesting has proven its worth in conserving water resources and promoting sustainability. Let’s explore its history, discover the incredible power that lies within each raindrop, and uncover a multitude of benefits that come with implementing this eco-friendly technique.

What is Rain Water Harvesting?

What exactly is rainwater harvesting? Simply put, it is the process of collecting and storing rainwater for future use. Instead of letting this valuable resource go to waste or relying solely on other water sources, rainwater harvesting allows us to make the most of nature’s abundance. Rainwater can be collected from various surfaces such as rooftops, paved areas, and even natural catchment areas like ponds or lakes. It is then channeled into storage tanks or underground reservoirs through a system of gutters, pipes, and filters. This collected water can serve a multitude of purposes ranging from irrigation for gardens and agricultural fields to flushing toilets and doing laundry. Rainwater harvesting isn’t just about capturing rainfall; it’s also about conserving our precious freshwater resources. By using rainwater instead of tap water for non-potable needs, we reduce the strain on municipal supplies and lower our overall water consumption.

History of Rainwater Harvesting

The history of rainwater harvesting dates back thousands of years, with evidence of its practice found in ancient civilizations such as the Romans, Greeks, and Egyptians. These early societies recognized the value of rainwater and developed sophisticated systems to collect and store it for various purposes. In ancient Rome, large cisterns were built to capture rainwater from rooftops and courtyards. The collected water was used for drinking, bathing, irrigation, and even filling the city’s public baths. Similarly, in ancient Egypt, elaborate underground storage chambers called qanats were constructed to collect rainwater from surrounding hillsides. While modern techniques have evolved since then, the fundamental concept remains unchanged – harnessing nature’s gift of rainfall for sustainable water management. Today’s methods range from simple solutions like rain barrels and rooftop catchment systems to more complex setups involving underground storage tanks and filtration systems.

The Power of Rainwater

Rainwater is a powerful force of nature that holds immense potential. It has the power to sustain life, nurture the earth, and meet our daily needs. The importance of rainwater cannot be overstated, as it plays a vital role in maintaining ecological balance. One of the most significant powers of rainwater lies in its ability to replenish water sources. As it falls from the sky, rainwater seeps into the ground and recharges groundwater aquifers. This process ensures a constant supply of fresh water for drinking and irrigation purposes.

Benefits of Rainwater Harvesting

Rainwater harvesting is a practice that has numerous benefits, both for individuals and the environment.

Sustainable Water Source: One of the key advantages of rainwater harvesting is its ability to provide a sustainable source of water. By collecting rainwater, we reduce our reliance on traditional sources such as groundwater and municipal water supplies.

Chemical-Free and Beneficial for Plants and Soil- Another benefit is that rainwater is free from chemicals like chlorine and fluorine, making it ideal for various uses such as watering plants or washing cars. This not only saves money but also helps to preserve the health of our soil and vegetation.

Mitigating Erosion and Flooding in Urban Areas – In addition, rainwater harvesting can help reduce erosion and flooding in urban areas by storing excess rainfall in tanks or underground reservoirs. This helps to mitigate the impact of heavy rains, which are becoming increasingly common due to climate change.

Energy Conservation through Rainwater Harvesting – Furthermore, using harvested rainwater can contribute to energy conservation since less energy is required for treating and pumping water from traditional sources. This can lead to reduced carbon emissions and a smaller ecological footprint.

Preserves Soil Health – preserves soil health, contributes to energy conservation, and promotes environmental sustainability. It’s an eco-friendly practice that everyone should consider implementing!

By utilizing rainwater through harvesting, we can make a positive impact on our water resources, environment, and overall sustainability.

Different Techniques for Rain Water Harvesting

There are several different techniques that can be used for rainwater harvesting, depending on the specific needs and resources available.

1.Rooftop Harvesting: Simple and Effective in Urban Areas – One common technique is rooftop harvesting, where rainwater is collected from rooftops and channeled into storage tanks or reservoirs. This method is simple yet effective, especially in urban areas where space may be limited.

2.Surface Runoff Harvesting: Capturing Rainwater from Natural Surfaces- Another popular technique is surface runoff harvesting, which involves capturing rainwater from natural surfaces such as roads or pavements. This water can then be directed towards collection points through various channels or drains.

3.Contour Farming and Terracing: Preventing Soil Erosion in Agriculture – In agricultural settings, contour farming and terracing are commonly employed to capture rainwater and prevent soil erosion. These techniques involve creating ridges along the contours of the land to slow down water flow and promote infiltration.

4.Check Dams and Percolation Ponds: Retaining Rainwater in Low-Lying Areas – For larger-scale applications, check dams or percolation ponds can be constructed to retain rainwater in low-lying areas. This allows the water to gradually infiltrate into the ground instead of being lost as runoff.

5.Underground Storage Tanks and Cisterns: Reliable Water Source in Dry Periods – Furthermore, underground storage tanks or cisterns can also be utilized for storing harvested rainwater. These tanks are often installed beneath buildings or outdoor spaces and provide a reliable source of water during dry periods.

Each technique has its own advantages and considerations depending on factors such as climate conditions, available space, and intended use of the harvested water. It’s important to carefully evaluate these factors when selecting a suitable method for rainwater harvesting.

By exploring and implementing these various techniques, we can maximize the potential of rainwater harvesting and contribute to water conservation efforts. Choose the method that best suits your needs and resources to make a positive impact on water sustainability.

Rainwater harvesting is a powerful technique that allows us to use nature’s gift effectively. It reduces reliance on traditional water sources and eases pressure on municipal supplies. Benefits include sustainable water for irrigation and household use, flood prevention, erosion control, and groundwater replenishment. Techniques range from simple rooftop systems to more advanced setups. Rainwater harvesting is valuable for individuals, communities, and the environment. By embracing it, we contribute to a sustainable future and ensure clean water access. Let’s harness the power of rainwater for our survival in an uncertain climate.

Related Posts

Rain Water Harvesting Essay

Rainwater harvesting involves the collection and storage of rainwater into the natural reservoirs or artificial reservoirs in order to prevent the surface water runoff.

Rainwater harvesting is a process of collecting and storing rain water for using it as a backup supply of fresh water to meet everyday domestic and agricultural requirements, especially when water becomes scarcely available. There are several methods by which we can collect rainwater flowing from our roof tops, ditches, gardens, fields, forests and other locations. These methods are discussed in detail in the following essays. Rainwater harvesting not only provides fresh water in difficult times but also prevent naturally occurring fresh water resources from drying up, by reducing the demand of water. Rainwater harvesting is the least we can do to maintain the supply of water and also to support life on earth.

Long and Short Essay on Rain Water Harvesting in English

We have provided variety of paragraph and essay on rain water harvesting under different words limit for the students. It is very important topic on which students may be assigned to write essay or paragraph on the rain water harvesting. You can select any rain water harvesting essay given below according to the need and requirement.

Rain Water Harvesting Essay 1 (100 words)

Rain water harvesting is a technique used for collecting and storing rainwater by using various means in different resources for the future use purpose (like cultivation, etc). Rain water can be collected into the natural reservoirs or artificial tanks. Another method of collection is infiltration of surface water into the subsurface aquifers before getting lost by surface overflow.

Rooftop harvesting is also a method to collect rainwater. It is of big importance to the people living in the less rainfall areas. They can continue seasonal crop harvesting using collected rain water even in the lack of regular water supply. Whenever it rains, rain water gets collected into the man made ponds or tanks.

Rain Water Harvesting Essay 2 (150 words)

Rain water harvesting is the collection of rainwater into the man made resources or any natural resource like pond, lake, etc at the same place where it falls from rooftops or ground. Two main techniques of rainwater harvesting are storage for future use and recharge into the ground. It can be used for crop harvesting, gardening, toilets, etc. Following are the benefits of rainwater harvesting at individual or city-wide level:

• It helps in reducing the water supply bills especially to the institutions.
• Rainwater recharged to the ground positively affects groundwater quality by diluting fluorides, nitrates and its salinity.
• It contains almost neutral pH and zero hardness which makes it more able to be used in homes, industries, institutions and other commercial establishments.
• It may reduce the stress of public water supply sources.
• Recharge of rainwater to the ground prevents sea-water immersion into the fresh water bodies in the coastal areas.
• It helps in controlling urban flooding if people do rainwater harvesting from rooftops.
• It reduces water demands of people from the municipality thus lessens energy consumption too in distributing water all through the city.

Rain Water Harvesting Essay 3 (200 words)

Rainwater harvesting means collecting the rain water into the natural reservoirs or man-made tanks. It is the technique to collect and store rainwater for various purposes in the future. The most common and easy method of rain water harvesting is the rooftop harvesting. Using this technique we can collect lots of clean rain water in the rainy season. It can be stored for long time for the household purposes like gardening, livestock, and irrigation, etc. Following are benefits of rain water harvesting:

• It helps in reducing water supply loads and electricity bills of municipality, improve free water supply, crop production in rural areas, and thus lead to food security.
• Rain water harvesting system helps in reducing the insecurity of households or individuals in the rural areas.
• It provides easy and low cost water supply in the lack of water areas thus helps in food security and income generation.

Tamil Nadu is one of the states of India and now has been first Indian state where rainwater harvesting has been mandatory. Tamil Nadu state government has declared on 30 th of May 2014 to establish around 50,000 rainwater harvesting structures at various places in the Chennai. Till now, approximately 4,000 of the temples in the Tamilnadu have rain water tanks serving at various rituals in temples and help in recharging the groundwater.

Rain Water Harvesting Essay 4 (250 words)

Every drop of rain water is like blessings of God to the people on the earth. Fresh rain water falls on the ground like pearls, so everyone should understand the importance of rain water especially in developing regions and rural areas lack of natural water resources.

We should try to collect rain water without wasting through rooftops and along streets run off. We should bring our old traditional harvesting practices using new and effective technologies to make easy water supply in all the regions. As only hand pumps, wells, and other resources of groundwater levels cannot fulfill the potable water need of hundreds of thousands of people.

Rainwater harvesting is the most sustainable and effective way for many years to make water available in the areas lacking water. Rainwater harvesting is very low cost method along with lots of benefits. It helps in various purposes like household works, field irrigation, livestock, agriculture and animal husbandry.

It helps in rejuvenating the groundwater levels in both directly and indirectly manner. Groundwater level can be replenished by rain water harvesting methods of trenches, anicut, dug wells, contour, etc whereas other rain water harvesting methods like underground water tanks, ponds, etc help in reducing the use of groundwater for at least four to six months. It is very effective in the hilly regions and desert regions of the India and other countries. More and clean rain water can be collected in the rainy season by making large and clean water body.

Rain Water Harvesting Essay 5 (300 words)

Now-a-days, people have been depended on the government system of water supply for getting water for their every need. The present scenario of water management and distribution in the cities has been centralized by the government which has brought a big gap of community responsibility in water management. It has slowly but regularly finished the old traditional water harvesting system.

Rainwater harvesting is again a new but old and effective technique of collecting rain water during rainy season for future usage purpose. It is being frequently used in various places of India to overcome the problems of lack of water. Rain water harvesting is the good source of ground water recharge in natural way.

However, the ground water level is getting less day by day because of the rapid urbanization and cities development at huge level as well as reduction in percolation of the rainwater to the ground. Rainwater harvesting is the way to reduce the use of ground water as well as maintain its level forever in the future. It is of more importance to the drought regions of India and other countries to supply the demands of water for various purposes. Following are mentioned points proving the fact why to harvest rainwater:

• It plays great role in protecting the ground water decline and improving the ground water table.
• It helps in improving the water quality in aquifers.
• It is to conserve more water and prevent surface water runoff during the monsoon.
• It helps in reducing the soil erosion.
• It is to bring the old tradition of water conservation among people.

Rain water can be harvested in better way using following methods like surface runoff harvesting and roof top rainwater harvesting. Both are very effective methods help in enhancing the level of ground water and fulfill the need of water supply in easy and cost effective way.

Rain Water Harvesting Essay 6 (400 words)

Rainwater harvesting is the collection and storage of rain water in the natural resources or artificially designed resources to prevent water runoff and fulfill the lack of water in future. The quantity of water harvesting is affected by the number of factors like frequency of rainfall, quantity of rainfall, way of collecting rain water, and size of resources to collect water. The ground water level is getting depleted day by day due to various reasons like deforestation and ecological imbalance.

Increasing level of urbanization and industrialization constantly increases the demand of water supply especially in the urban areas. It results in the overuse of ground water and thus going low level. The risk of water scarcity in the future has been increased to a great extent and can be life threatening if some effective solutions are not followed.

Water harvesting is very helpful and fulfill various need like recharging the ground water level, reduces electricity bill spend in supplying water and provide easy water supply anytime when required. It is estimated that 1 meter rise in the water level saves around 0.4 KWH of electricity.

Why Rain Water Harvesting is Necessary:

Rain water harvesting is very necessary to be practiced by the people in all regions. It is good to reduce the fear of water scarcity in the future. Following are the points proving the fact that why rain water harvesting is necessary:

• Surface water cannot fulfill the demand of water for various purposes.
• Everyone depend on the ground water for their every need.
• Deforestation, rapid urbanization, rain water infiltration to the sub-soil, etc reasons are continuously decreasing the level of ground water.
• Rain water conservation maintains the level of water in natural water resources.
• It reduces the chance of flooding of water on the roads, reduces the risk of soil erosion and improves the quality of water.

Following are main techniques of rain water harvesting:

• Collecting rainwater to the surface for future use.
• Recharging the ground water.

Collecting rain water to the surface is very effective and traditional technique. It can be done using small ponds, underground tanks, dams, weirs etc. However, ground water recharging technique is a new concept of harvesting. It can be done using dug wells, pits, trenches, hand pumps, recharge wells, recharge shafts, recharge lateral shafts with bore wells, spreading technique (means spread of water to the stream, nala, etc).

Rain Water Harvesting Essay 7 (800 words)

Introduction

Rainwater Harvesting is a method of storing rainwater, to be used in several domestic and agricultural activities. The basic idea is to not let the rainwater runoff and get wasted, rather to collect it by simple mechanism so that it can be used during scarcity of water. In the following essay we will explore the importance of rainwater harvesting, its methods and systems and how it is traditionally done in rural India. Below is a complete Essay on Rainwater Harvesting with Subheadings/Subtitles and Conclusion.

Rainwater Harvesting Methods/Rainwater Harvesting System

Primarily there are two types of rainwater harvesting methods as classified below-

1) Surface Runoff Harvesting

Surface runoff is a term used for precipitation that falls on the surface of earth and is subsequently lost to the environment. If elaborate arrangements are made to collect surface runoff water by providing it a path into a pond or tank; gallons of water could be stored to be used for several activities.

If designed efficiently, a system to collect surface runoff water can collect huge quantities of runoff from roads, parks, and gardens etc enough to sustain a small community or even a city. However, runoff water contains impurities; therefore, it must be passed through filtration process before it could be reused.

2) Roof Top Rainwater Harvesting

In roof top rainwater harvesting, the roof of a house or building functions as a catchment area for collecting rainwater. The water falling on the roof is diverted through a network or pipes to the desired pit or tank. It is by far the most economical and easy method of rainwater harvesting.

Houses or buildings with sloping roof can install gutters on the edges to collect the falling rain and to carry it to the destination using pipes or artificially created ditch. Though, care must be taken to flush out the water collected from first rain as it contains soluble impurities.

Rainwater Harvesting in India

In some places in India, still very traditional and ancient methods of rainwater harvesting are followed. These methods have proved successful in past and are still used in rural as well as urban India. Some of the significant traditional methods of rainwater harvesting in India are listed below-

This traditional method of rainwater harvesting is followed in tropical belt of southern states of Karnataka and Kerala. These regions are rich in laterite soil with naturally occurring depressions with three high sides. The three sides automatically function as the catchment area for collection of water in the depression. A small dam is constructed on the low lying fourth end of the depression to contain the runoff.

2) Surangaas

Surangas are traditional water harvesting system only used in Kasargod district of south Indian state of Kerala. The soil found in this region is hard laterite which is favorable for the construction of suranga (cave). Suranga is like a horizontal cave excavated in hilly terrain of the area, through which water oozes out and is thus collected in a pond. Though, this method is locally being used since centuries, it is sadly now gradually being replaced by bore wells.

Taankas are part of a traditional rainwater harvesting method practiced in the western state of Gujarat. Taankas are basically underground reservoirs with a capacity of storing thousands of liters of rainwater. Presently there are around ten thousand household in Gujarat’s capital city of Ahmadabad those are using taankas to meet their everyday water requirements. Water stored in a taanka is sealed against sunlight and therefore remains fresh for years.

Importance of Rainwater Harvesting

Rainwater harvesting provides an independent source of water supply during the scarcity of water. It becomes more valuable in context to the places where rain is scarce and uncertain. Also, in areas where fresh water is a costly commodity, preserving rain water is more economical option. Rain water thus preserved can be used to meet several household requirements like – washing and cleaning, gardening etc.

In case of unforeseen natural calamities like famine and droughts, rainwater harvesting might prove to be a blessing for the sufferers. Another significance of rain water harvesting is that it reduces the demand of water from other natural resources like wells, ponds and lakes, thus, preventing their depletion.

Water is most essential and precious resource, necessary for life on the planet. It can’t be wasted and every drop of it must be preserved to be reused in need. Rains on the other hand are vital source of fresh water, only if we have elaborate arrangements to collect it. Here, begins the concept of “Rainwater Harvesting”. Every year we lose thousands of liters of rainwater due to the lack of awareness about rainwater harvesting. It’s high time that we realize its usefulness to the nature and to the society as well and start implementing it in our house, buildings, parks, for a safe and water abundant future.

Related Information:

World Water Day

Article on Save Water

Slogans on Save Water

Slogans on Water

Slogans on Rainwater Harvesting

Speech on Save Water

Speech on Water

Speech on Rainwater Harvesting

Essay on Water

Save Water Essay

Paragraph on Water

Paragraph on Save Water

Paragraph on Rain Water Harvesting

Essay on Save Water Save Life

Essay on Importance of Water

Speech on Importance of Water

Essay on How to Save and Reduce House-Hold Water Use

Related Posts

Money essay, music essay, importance of education essay, education essay, newspaper essay, my hobby essay, leave a comment cancel reply.

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

• ☀ NCERT Books
• ☀ AP SCERT Books
• ☀ GSEB Books
• ☀ TS SCERT Books
• ☀ Board Syllabus
• ☀ Board Time Tables
• ☀ Board Hall Tickets
• ☀ Board Results
• Board Result
• Board Time Table
• Board Hall Ticket
• Board Syllabus
• Social issues

Essay on Rain Water Harvesting for Students and Children | PDF Download

Rainwater harvesting is a method of conserving freshwater for human needs. Rainwater is the part of the water cycle, where the evaporated water moved into the clouds. Rainwater is one of the freshwater sources for living beings on land. Similarly, the below essay on rainwater harvesting was included with various unknown key points. The below essay was provided information about the methods for water conservation and rainwater harvesting. In further below of the article, some quotes on rainwater harvesting were included.

Short Essay on Rain Water harvesting

Saving water had become a worthy process of this century. It is one of the difficult tasks for many countries all over the world. The scarcity of water occurs due to the misusage of water and improper planning by the government for their people. People should save water in various ways for their daily routine needs and also parallelly for their future. Saving water by Rainwater harvesting is one of the easy and worthless processes. Rainwater is one of the fresh and pure water available for living beings on earth. Rainwater was wasted as the people don’t know the value of water and improper awareness about conservation techniques.

During the rains, the people will not conserve rainwater for their temporary needs also. The people should take some steps and make the way for the rainwater to conserve in an area or the lakes and dams, etc. Governments of the countries should plan the sideways on either side of roads for the free flow of rainwater. The government should invest some money for rainwater harvesting and serving water without any scarcity and drought. If people didn’t make a habitat of conserving water for their lives, which can lead to drought.

Only one can’t bring the results for saving water, every individual should save rainwater in their way as a responsibility. The only easy and simple way even for the common man to save water is Rainwater harvesting. People should assign some space for storage tanks in their houses for rainwater harvesting. The government should dig the ponds and increase the depth of existing ponds for people’s needs.

Long essay on Rain Water Harvesting 

Rainwater harvesting is one of the techniques to bring rainwater into our water cycle. Saving water in this process is very easy and can be done with lesser effort tends to result in a large amount for living beings. Rainwater harvesting is one of the processes to increase the level of groundwater through the soil. According to research, the water purified by soil and forms as underground water is the purest form of water in the world.

As 71% of the world is filled with water by oceans and big seas, the whole water is not useful for Human needs. Only 3% of the whole water is useful for living beings on earth. The scarcity of water is increasing day by day in the present centuries. This scarcity arises due to improper usage of water, polluting water, and lack of saving water. Rainwater harvesting is one of the solutions for water scarcity for the present centuries and today’s world. Rainwater is one of the sources of useful water on land, people will not save the rainwater. Saving Rainwater can fill some temporary needs and usages in our daily routine. The people should conserve Rainwater and they should get aware of all the techniques of rainwater harvesting. Rainwater harvesting is one of the simple and worthy fewer techniques in saving water by a common man.

People of the past said that future wars will arise for the need for water to the people. To get out of those situations in the future we should save water from today. Rainwater can save by all the people around the world with some simple techniques and arrange someplace for water storage in their homes. The government of all countries should look about saving rainwater by ponds, water pits, etc to increase the groundwater level. People should look at the areas where the soil can suck the water easily and develop those areas for the harvesting process.

The benefits of rainwater harvesting are it can fulfill daily needs for some days according to the number of storage tanks. Rainwater harvesting methods can increase the underground water which helps in our needs for a long time. As it was the simple and worth efficient techniques which should follow by every person to get the best results. Rainwater can increase the level of water sources like rivers, lakes, ponds, underground water, etc which helps in long time usage and remove water scarcity.

Rainwater harvesting can remove some water scarcity and drought in the future. Every person should feel responsible for saving water by the method of rainwater harvesting. Rainwater harvesting, a solution to the water crisis and needs of the present people. Harvesting Rainwater can bring out results to the present water problem and future scarcity of water. The government should bring a rule for digging the pits and storage tanks in every house as well in public areas also. Even now people should start conserving water through Rainwater harvesting, which can give fruitful results to long time problems.

• Save rainwater today to enjoy your tomorrow on the earth.
• Harvest the rainwater to reduce the use of clean water.
• Save the water from rain and don’t let it drain.
• Don’t be conserve but conserve the rainwater.
• Water is very precious for life on the earth; so, save rainwater too.
• Water is the soul of the earth, don’t separate both.
• Preserve the rainwater; it is a nice gift from God on the earth.
• Whether you save rainwater to the tank or pond, just save it by any means.
• Harvest the rainwater to remove the thirst of the earth.
• Harvest the rain, reap the gains.

We hope that the above essay on Rainwater harvesting will help with your exams, speech, competitions, Group discussions, etc. We believe that the above unique information and key points in the Essay on Water conservation and rainwater harvesting will useful.

Dear Students and Children, you can download the Rain Water Harvesting Essay in the Hand Written Format by Clicking the Below Click Here Link.

LEAVE A REPLY Cancel reply

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

• Skip to main content
• Skip to secondary menu
• Skip to primary sidebar
• Skip to footer

A Plus Topper

Improve your Grades

Paragarph on Rain Water Harvesting 100, 150, 200, 250 to 300 Words for Kids, Students And Children

February 7, 2024 by Prasanna

Paragraph on Rain Water Harvesting:  Rainwater Harvesting is a technique to collect rainwater and direct it into any natural or human-made resources. It is usually collected at the place the rain falls from the ground or rooftops.

Rainwater Harvesting is a global measure taken to prevent wastage of water. Due to the adverse effects of human activity on the environment, rainwater harvesting is gaining rapid momentum. Rain Water Harvesting is an initiation to make sensible use of natural resources.

To know more about Rainwater Harvesting, kindly read the below-mentioned paragraphs to aid you with school assignments. The paragraphs are written in simple words and small sentences to help children understand and write. Students can choose any of the following paragraphs on Rain Water Harvesting according to their needs and requirement.

You can read more  Paragraph Writing  about articles, events, people, sports, technology many more.

Paragraph on Rain Water Harvesting – 100 Words for Classes 1, 2, and 3 Kids

Rainwater Harvesting is a technique for directing and collecting rainwater in underground tanks. The stored water is used for watering plants and irrigation. Rainwater harvesting is a step to prevent wastage of water.

Rainwater Harvesting uses many methods to collect rainwater, such as the rooftop method of harvesting, slopes, water collection reservoirs, trenches, surface water collection, underground tanks, dams, barrages, etc.

Rainwater Harvesting implements several ways by which rainwater, such as traditional methods or any new methods and technology. Rainwater harvesting is excellent in raising groundwater levels in water shortage areas, and the harvested water ensures a smooth supply of water in the future.

Paragraph on Rain Water Harvesting – 150 Words for Classes 4 and 5 Children

Rainwater Harvesting means the collection and storage of rainwater in different containers. Rainwater harvesting requires proper filtration and keeps the water fit for any use.

The primary purpose of rainwater harvesting is to keep the rainwater conserved to recharge the underground water and store the surplus available water for the crisis. Rain falls everywhere, but it must not be allowed to run or roll downwards.

The conserved harvested water must be lifted using shallow or deep tube-wells. Rainwater harvesting provides numerous purposes for everyday routine. The stored water is used for agricultural purposes or filtered to be used as drinking water.

Rainwater harvesting can be used to store water under the surface or in a reservoir. The stored water is later used with the use of containers, or tubes, or pipes. Rainwater can also be filled in canals, big ditches, watercourses, or ponds, to replenish the water storage.

With the water crisis becoming a significant issue, rainwater can help recharge stored water and ensure water availability in scare zones. Rainwater harvesting can be practiced in apartments as well as in individual homes.

Paragraph on Rain Water Harvesting – 200 Words for Classes 6, 7, and 8 Students

Rainwater Harvesting refers to the accumulation, storage, and preservation of rainwater for its future use. Rainwater Harvesting is vital as it meets the local municipal water demands and reduces the overall capital expenditure.

Rainwater harvesting meets a lot of purposes- it can be used for industrial, domestic, and agricultural purposes. Rainwater can be purified before using it for drinking purposes and other routine activities.

Benefits of Rainwater Harvesting

• Rainwater Harvesting positively affects underground water quality. It dilutes the number of nitrates, fluorides, and the salinity of the underground water.
• It contains zero hardness and almost neutral pH, making it highly suitable for industries, homes, institutions, industries, and other commercial establishments.
• Rainwater Harvesting reduces water supply bills.
• It is an excellent method that solves the water shortage crisis and lessens the energy consumption in water disturbance.
• Rooftop Rainwater harvesting controls urban flooding.
• Recharge of rainwater to the ground in the coastal regions prevents the seawater immersion into the freshwater.
• Rainwater harvesting is an alternative to reduce the stress of public water supply sources.
• Construction of deeper wells can damage the natural environment as well as upscale. Therefore, the source of rainwater is highly effective and dependable. Stored harvested rainwater can be used as an alternative to municipal water and used during the water crisis.

Rainwater Harvesting holds vast benefits. To function well, rainwater harvesting systems have to be designed performed and maintained to ensure and maintain the quality of water. The harvested water needs to be purified and filtered before consumption or for other purposes.

Paragraph on Rain Water Harvesting – 250 to 300 Words for Classes 9, 10, 11, 12 and Competitive Exam Students

Water is the basic essentiality for us, and due to activities such as scanty rainfall and overpopulation, Rainwater harvesting is highly essential. Rainwater harvesting is the accumulation of rainwater for collecting, storing, and saving water to prevent water crisis and future use.

Rainwater is collected from the rooftop and is directed through tubes or pipelines into a storage tank to save the remaining water. Rainwater harvesting is of high quality and is a sustainable source of water.

Rain Water Filtration

Rainwater can be harvested or purified in multiple ways. The catch area before harvested must be cleaned thoroughly, and the pipelined must be flushed regularly. Initially, the water flow is diverted to wash or rinse the area.

Rainwater contains contaminants or other waste materials that affect the quality of the water. Contaminants such as dust, Bird excreta, pollution, leaves, and sand particles can affect water quality.

Filteration removes contaminants and other impurities and purifies rainwater for drinking and other purposes. However, the harvested water has to treated and tested before consumption to ensure the right quality check.

Industries use the practice of pre-filtration to ensure that the purified water is directed water to the tank. The pre-filtration measure is a vital step that the water supply system should not compromise in terms of water quality.

Some techniques of rainwater purification are solar sterilization, use of chemicals like iodine or chlorine, or sediment filtration. However, harvested rainwater used for drinking purposes can be filtered through Reverse Osmosis (RO).

Thus, several methods incorporate water purification. Rainwater used as drinking water must not be consumed without purification and filtration.

FAQ’s on Paragraph on Rain Water Harvesting

Question 1. What is known as Rainwater Harvesting?

Answer: Rainwater Harvesting refers to the accumulation, storage, and preservation of rainwater for its future use.

Question 2. Stae three benefits of Rainwater harvesting?

Answer: Rainwater harvesting is an alternative to reduce the stress of public water supply sources. The recharge of rainwater to the ground in the coastal regions prevents the seawater immersion into the freshwater. Finally, rainwater harvesting reduces water supply bills.

Question 3. How can harvested rainwater be purified?

Answer: Some techniques of rainwater purification are solar sterilization, use of chemicals like iodine or chlorine, or sediment filtration. However, harvested rainwater used for drinking purposes can be filtered through Reverse Osmosis (RO).

Question 4. How can rainwater be harvested?

Answer: Rainwater harvesting can be used to store water under the surface or in a reservoir. The stored water is later used with the use of containers, or tubes, or pipes. Rainwater can also be filled in canals, big ditches, watercourses, or ponds, to r

• Picture Dictionary
• English Speech
• English Slogans
• English Letter Writing
• English Essay Writing
• English Textbook Answers
• Types of Certificates
• ICSE Solutions
• Selina ICSE Solutions
• ML Aggarwal Solutions
• HSSLive Plus One
• HSSLive Plus Two
• Kerala SSLC
• Distance Education

Essay on Water Harvesting 1000+ Words

Water is a precious resource essential for all life on Earth. However, as our population grows and climate change brings more unpredictable weather patterns, water scarcity becomes a pressing concern. Water harvesting is a vital solution that can help address this challenge. In this essay, we will explore the importance of water harvesting, its benefits, and how it contributes to a sustainable and water-secure future.

Water Scarcity: A Global Challenge

Water scarcity is a growing problem worldwide, affecting billions of people. Many regions face droughts, while others struggle with the unequal distribution of water resources. As a result, finding innovative ways to conserve and manage water is crucial.

What is water harvesting?

Water harvesting is a method of collecting and storing rainwater for various purposes. It involves capturing rainwater that falls on rooftops, surfaces, and land, then storing it for later use. This ancient practice has been used by civilizations throughout history and remains relevant today.

Rainwater Harvesting Systems

There are various rainwater harvesting systems, each tailored to different needs. The most common types include rooftop harvesting, where rainwater is collected from rooftops and stored in tanks, and surface runoff harvesting, which captures rainwater from paved surfaces and directs it into storage tanks or underground reservoirs.

Benefits of Water Harvesting

Water harvesting offers numerous benefits that extend beyond addressing water scarcity:

• Water Conservation : It helps conserve water by capturing rainwater that would otherwise flow away and be wasted.
• Sustainable Agriculture : Farmers can use harvested rainwater for irrigation, reducing their dependence on groundwater.
• Reduced Flooding : By controlling surface runoff, water harvesting reduces the risk of floods during heavy rains.
• Groundwater Recharge : It can help replenish underground aquifers, which are vital sources of freshwater.
• Cost Savings : Households and businesses can save on water bills by using harvested rainwater for non-potable purposes like gardening and flushing toilets.
• Environmental Benefits : Water harvesting promotes biodiversity by providing water for plants and wildlife, and it reduces the demand on rivers and lakes for water supply.

Case Studies: Success Stories

Water harvesting has proven successful in various regions around the world. In places like Rajasthan, India, where water scarcity is a constant challenge, rainwater harvesting has transformed communities. Villages that once struggled for water now have reliable sources, improving living conditions and agricultural productivity.

Environmental Impact

One of the most significant benefits of water harvesting is its positive impact on the environment. By capturing rainwater, we reduce the need for energy-intensive water treatment and transportation processes. This leads to lower carbon emissions and a reduced environmental footprint.

A Sustainable Future

Water harvesting aligns with the principles of sustainability. It helps ensure that future generations have access to clean, safe water while also preserving ecosystems. This approach promotes responsible water use and fosters a sense of responsibility towards the environment.

Challenges and Solutions

While water harvesting offers numerous benefits, it’s not without its challenges. Some regions may face limited rainfall, making it less effective. In such cases, supplementing with other water sources or improving water management practices can be essential.

Conclusion of Essay on Water Harvesting

In conclusion, water harvesting is a practical and sustainable solution to address the global water scarcity crisis. It not only conserves water but also offers economic, environmental, and social benefits. As our world faces increasing challenges related to water availability, implementing water harvesting practices on a broader scale is essential.

By adopting water harvesting techniques in our homes, communities, and agriculture, we can contribute to a more water-secure future. It’s a simple yet powerful way to make a positive impact on our environment and ensure that water remains a resource available to all, both now and in the generations to come. Water harvesting is not just a solution; it’s a commitment to a sustainable and water-rich future for our planet.

Also Check: List of 500+ Topics for Writing Essay

• Skip to main content
• Skip to secondary menu
• Skip to primary sidebar
• Skip to footer

Study Today

Largest Compilation of Structured Essays and Exams

Rainwater Harvesting and its Importance | Essay | PDF

December 26, 2017 by Study Mentor Leave a Comment

Rainwater harvesting is a strategy of collection and storage space of rainwater into natural reservoirs or tanks, or the seepage of surface water into subsoil water channels.

It is one of the purest form of water found on earth, because it is collected after it has vaporized and is almost as good as distilled water. Usually people in the rainfall-prone areas like Tamil Nadu, and parts of northeastern and even north-western India where there is a scarcity of potable water.   

Technicalities of Rainwater Harvesting  

Rainwater harvesting is perhaps one of the easiest methods of obtaining water. It does not require extensive knowledge, technical skills or cumbersome machinery. Expense-wise too, it’s extremely affordable.

All it requires is a waterproofed structure within the ground or over the ground that can hold the water during rains and prevent its loss as seepage. Some people employ plastic tanks which are connected by means of pipes to collection pans.

Rainwater harvesting is also done in many homes where they channel the rainwater collected from the roof drain pipes into a waterproof tank. This water can be used for plants as well as for basic washing. With minor filtration, it can be an excellent source of drinking water.  

Table of Contents

Why is Rainwater Harvesting Practiced?

Rainwater harvesting is a very ancient technique. It is mainly helpful in:  

• Areas where ground water table is quite low and it’s not feasible to draw clean ground water.  
• Areas where salinity of waterbodies have gone beyond the salinity threshold for plants to survive.  
• Regions with scarce and erratic rainfall.  
• Where indiscriminate use of chemicals have rendered the groundwater inadequate for use in crops as well as drinking.  
• It helps to reduce soil erosion too.  
• One of the major advantages of rainwater harvesting is that it doesn’t require a huge amount of land to be functional  

In this situation extremely important to cultivate the practice of rain water harvesting. During the last fifty years, the number of industries in India has grown rapidly. But water pollution is concentrated within a few subsectors mainly in the form of toxic wastes and pollutants.

The effects of this water pollution are not only devastating to humans but also to animals, fishes, birds. Polluted water is unsuitable for drinking, recreation, agriculture, and industry.  

The high nitrate content in groundwater is mainly from irrigation runoff from agricultural fields. Waste water from manufacturing or chemical processes in industries contribute to water pollution. All these adversities can be effectively mitigated by the use of rainwater harvesting units.

Since rainwater is already evaporated, it negates the collected water to undergo any further treatment as the concentration of contaminants in it reduces significantly. So we can use the water as is.  

  In these scenarios, rainwater becomes an extremely crucial practice in cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, etc. where rainfall is extremely erratic and the population pressure and growing industrialization has contaminated the sources of available freshwater.  

Various techniques of Rainwater harvesting include

• Recharge Pit  
• Recharge Trench  
• Tube well  
• Recharge well  

In rural areas, the following techniques are mostly employed

• Gully Plug  
• Contour Bund  
• Percolation Tank  
• Gabion Structure  

Active Initiatives  

• In 2001, Tamil Nadu was the first State that mandated rainwater harvesting for every building.  
• The ground water level significantly improved after implementation of rainwater harvesting systems in Chennai as much as 50%.  
• Also in various districts of Rajasthan, rainwater harvesting practice has brought relief to many crops as well as the people.  
• The government is working on a master plan envisaging construction of about 23 lakh artificial recharge and rainwater harvesting structure in rural areas and 88 lakh in urban areas.  
• Countries like Sri Lanka have even drafted laws for rainwater harvesting, the Urban Development Authority (Amendment) Act, No. 36 of 2007.  
• In UK, rainwater harvesting systems have the potential to reduce the net consumption of water by almost half.  

  In this day and age of industrialization and modernization and, subsequently, pollution, the water around us is becoming more and more polluted every day, thus making rainwater harvesting an unavoidable reality.  

Rain water is not Fool-Proof

Although with its advantages in tremendously vast applications, there are a few disadvantages to rain water harvesting. Due to excessive vehicular as well as industrial pollution, the concentration of oxides of carbon, Sulphur, nitrogen increases exponentially.

These oxides combine with precipitation (mostly in the form of rainwater) and convert to their respective corrosive acids, like carbonic acid, sulphuric acid, suplurous acid, nitric acid, nitrous acid, etc.

These combine with the rainwater and when this collected rainwater is used to agriculture or drinking, grave consequences like paralysis in humans and rotting in crops appear.

In that situation, rainwater is further treated to get potable water out of it which not only increases costs but also makes the process cumbersome and reduces efficiency of the system as a whole.  

But still, with all these problems, too, rainwater harvesting remains an extremely sustainable source of resource management and conversation. Sustainability is the need of the hour in this ever growing world of industrialization and subsequent pollution. It’s where we live, so we better take care of it! Would you rather live in a polluted dump?

Rainwater harvesting is an extremely easy yet effective way of cementing a bright sustainable future for us and our generations to follow thus promoting biodiversity.

Reader Interactions

Leave a reply cancel reply.

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Top Trending Essays in March 2021

• Essay on Pollution
• Essay on my School
• Summer Season
• My favourite teacher
• World heritage day quotes
• my family speech
• importance of trees essay
• autobiography of a pen
• honesty is the best policy essay
• essay on building a great india
• my favourite book essay
• essay on caa
• my favourite player
• autobiography of a river
• farewell speech for class 10 by class 9
• essay my favourite teacher 200 words
• internet influence on kids essay
• my favourite cartoon character

Brilliantly

Content & links.

Verified by Sur.ly

Essay for Students

• Essay for Class 1 to 5 Students

Scholarships for Students

• Class 1 Students Scholarship
• Class 2 Students Scholarship
• Class 3 Students Scholarship
• Class 4 Students Scholarship
• Class 5 students Scholarship
• Class 6 Students Scholarship
• Class 7 students Scholarship
• Class 8 Students Scholarship
• Class 9 Students Scholarship
• Class 10 Students Scholarship
• Class 11 Students Scholarship
• Class 12 Students Scholarship

STAY CONNECTED

• About Study Today
• Privacy Policy
• Terms & Conditions

Scholarships

• Apj Abdul Kalam Scholarship
• Ashirwad Scholarship
• Bihar Scholarship
• Canara Bank Scholarship
• Colgate Scholarship
• Dr Ambedkar Scholarship
• E District Scholarship
• Epass Karnataka Scholarship
• Fair And Lovely Scholarship
• Floridas John Mckay Scholarship
• Inspire Scholarship
• Jio Scholarship
• Karnataka Minority Scholarship
• Lic Scholarship
• Maulana Azad Scholarship
• Medhavi Scholarship
• Minority Scholarship
• Moma Scholarship
• Mp Scholarship
• Muslim Minority Scholarship
• Nsp Scholarship
• Oasis Scholarship
• Obc Scholarship
• Odisha Scholarship
• Pfms Scholarship
• Post Matric Scholarship
• Pre Matric Scholarship
• Prerana Scholarship
• Prime Minister Scholarship
• Rajasthan Scholarship
• Santoor Scholarship
• Sitaram Jindal Scholarship
• Ssp Scholarship
• Swami Vivekananda Scholarship
• Ts Epass Scholarship
• Up Scholarship
• Vidhyasaarathi Scholarship
• Wbmdfc Scholarship
• West Bengal Minority Scholarship
• Click Here Now!!

Mobile Number

Have you Burn Crackers this Diwali ? Yes No

• Latest Education News
• Engineering
• Law Admission
• Design Admission
• PG Admission
• Preparation Guide
• Entrance Exam Results
• Board Exam Results
• UPSC Civil Services 2025
• NDA 2024 (I & II)
• SSC Recruitment
• Railway Recruitment
• Board Time Table
• Bihar Board (BSEB)
• Chhattisgarh Board
• Gujarat Board
• Haryana Board
• Course Guides

Latest Posts

Ibsat admit card 2024- download hall ticket here, bitsat exam date 2025- check all dates here, gate aerospace engineering syllabus 2025- check gate ae topics, bitsat admit card 2025- date, time, download hall ticket link, bitsat eligibility criteria 2025- age limit, minimum marks, essay on rainwater harvesting.

Water is a precious resource that is indispensable for life on Earth. With the growing population and increasing demands for water, it becomes crucial to adopt sustainable methods to manage and conserve this vital resource. One such method that has gained prominence in recent years is rainwater harvesting.

What is Rainwater harvesting?

Rainwater harvesting is the process of collecting, storing, and using rainwater for various purposes. It involves the capture of rainfall from surfaces like rooftops, catchments, and other surfaces, and then directing it to storage tanks or reservoirs. This stored rainwater can be utilized for domestic, agricultural, and industrial purposes, providing a decentralized and eco-friendly water supply.

Rainwater Harvesting System Components

• Catchment Area: This is the surface from which rainwater is collected. It is typically the roof of a house or any impermeable surface.
• Gutters and Downspouts: These components help channel the rainwater from the catchment area to the storage facility.
• Filter: Filters are used to remove debris, leaves, and other contaminants from the collected rainwater.
• Storage Tank: The harvested rainwater is stored in tanks or reservoirs, preventing runoff and enabling its controlled use during dry periods.
• First Flush Diverters: These devices divert the initial portion of rainwater, which may contain pollutants, away from the storage tank.

Advantages of Rainwater Harvesting

• Water Conservation: Rainwater harvesting helps in conserving water resources by capturing and storing rainwater that would otherwise runoff and be wasted.
• Groundwater Recharge: The process aids in replenishing groundwater levels, preventing the over-extraction of water from aquifers and promoting sustainable groundwater management.
• Reduced Dependency on Municipal Supply: By utilizing harvested rainwater for domestic needs, there is reduced dependence on municipal water supplies, especially during water scarcity periods.
• Mitigation of Flooding: Rainwater harvesting reduces surface runoff, mitigating the risk of flooding during heavy rainfall.
• Cost-Efficiency: Once the initial investment is made in a rainwater harvesting system, the operational costs are relatively low, making it a cost-effective water management solution.
• Challenges and Solutions: While rainwater harvesting offers numerous benefits, there are challenges to its widespread adoption. These include the initial cost of installing a harvesting system, the need for public awareness, and potential water quality concerns. Addressing these challenges requires incentivizing rainwater harvesting, providing financial support, and implementing proper filtration systems to ensure the stored water’s quality.

Rainwater Harvesting Facts

• In 2001, Tamil Nadu became the first Indian state to make rainwater harvesting compulsory in every building.
• In 2019, Government of India initiated Jal Shakti Abhiyan (JSA), extending into 2021 also to improve water availability including groundwater conditions in the country including Rajasthan, Delhi and Haryana. 
• “Jal Shakti Abhiyan: Catch the Rain” (JSA:CTR) was launched by the Hon’ble Prime Minister on March 22, 20221. In addition, under JSA:CTR, 10.65 Lakh water conservation/rain water harvesting works, 1.79 Lakh renovation works of traditional water bodies completed (as on 07.02.2022) in the country.
• The various rainwater harvesting schemes in India are ‘Mukhyamantri Jal Swavlamban Abhiyan’ in Rajasthan, ‘Sujalam Sufalam Abhiyan’ in Gujarat, ‘Jalyukt Shibar’ in Maharashtra, ‘Mission Kakatiya’ in Telangana, Jal Jeevan Hariyali in Bihar, ‘Jal Hi Jeevan’ in Haryana, ‘Neeru Chettu’ in Andhra Pradesh,  and Kudimaramath scheme in Tamil Nadu.

Rainwater Harvesting Challenges

While rainwater harvesting systems offer numerous advantages, it’s essential to consider potential disadvantages and challenges associated with their implementation:

• Initial Cost: Installing a rainwater harvesting system can involve significant upfront costs, including the purchase of storage tanks, filtration systems, and associated infrastructure. This initial investment may be a barrier for some individuals or communities.
• Space Requirements: Adequate space is needed for the installation of storage tanks and other components of the rainwater harvesting system. In urban areas or on small properties, finding sufficient space for these structures can be challenging.
• Maintenance: Regular maintenance is essential to ensure the efficient functioning of rainwater harvesting systems. Filters need to be cleaned or replaced, and storage tanks should be periodically inspected for cleanliness and structural integrity. Neglecting maintenance can lead to contamination and reduced system effectiveness.
• Water Quality Concerns: The quality of harvested rainwater may be influenced by the catchment surface (such as the roof), atmospheric pollutants, and contaminants present in the collection and storage system. Without proper filtration and maintenance, there is a risk of waterborne diseases and contamination.
• Seasonal Dependence: Rainwater harvesting systems are highly dependent on seasonal rainfall. In regions with irregular or low rainfall, reliance solely on harvested rainwater may not provide a consistent and reliable water supply throughout the year.
• Complexity for Large-Scale Use: Implementing rainwater harvesting on a large scale, such as for industrial or agricultural purposes, can be complex. It may require advanced infrastructure, increased storage capacity, and sophisticated filtration systems, making the system more challenging to design and maintain.
• Freezing Concerns: In colder climates, the collected rainwater may freeze during winter, potentially causing damage to the storage tanks or distribution systems. Special measures need to be taken to prevent freezing and its associated complications.
• Regulatory Challenges: Depending on local regulations, obtaining necessary permits for rainwater harvesting systems may pose a challenge. It’s essential to comply with local laws and standards to ensure the legal and safe implementation of these systems.
• Limited Contribution to Groundwater Recharge: In some cases, the contribution of rainwater harvesting to recharging groundwater may be limited. The effectiveness depends on factors such as soil type, land use, and the permeability of the ground.
• Public Awareness: Lack of awareness and understanding about the benefits of rainwater harvesting can be a hindrance. Public education is crucial for the widespread adoption of these systems.

Conclusion : Rainwater harvesting is a sustainable and eco-friendly solution to address water scarcity and promote responsible water management. Its implementation not only conserves water but also contributes to environmental sustainability. Governments, communities, and individuals must work together to promote and adopt rainwater harvesting practices, creating a water-secure and resilient future for generations to come.

Essay on Rainwater Harvesting (100 Words)

Rainwater harvesting is a sustainable practice capturing and storing rainwater for various uses. Various states have also implemented their rainwater harvesting schemes, contributing to water conservation efforts in India.

In 2001, Tamil Nadu became the first Indian state to mandate rainwater harvesting in all buildings. The Government of India’s Jal Shakti Abhiyan (JSA) aims to improve water availability and groundwater conditions, with “JSA: Catch the Rain” launched in 2021. Under this initiative, numerous water conservation and renovation projects have been completed nationwide.

Stay Connected With StudyGrades for more Essays !

RELATED ARTICLES

Essay on climate change in 1000 words, essay on pollution in 150, 250, 500 words- types, effects, how to reduce, essay on air pollution in english, essay on holi, essay on diwali in 500+ words, don't miss, goa board hssc time table 2025- goa 12th date sheet, kerala sslc time table 2025 i kerala class 10th date sheet, goa board ssc time table 2025- goa class 10 date sheet, tbse madhyamik routine 2025- tripura class 10 time table, mbose sslc routine 2025 | meghalaya class 10 time table, stay in touch.

To be updated with all the latest news, offers and special announcements.

Scholarship

Nmms gujarat result 2024 (declared) – date, link, download merit list, iio results 2021-22 level 1 declared- check details here, nmms syllabus 2024 (mat & sat)- check important topics, nmms karnataka result 2023-24- check details, silverzone skgko result 2022 (declared)- check here, course guide, hotel management- course eligibility, college, fee, future scope, how much does a business management degree cost, 10 best online courses in psychology, top 10 best online content writing courses, computer science: course, definition, jobs, career, colleges, scope, career options, how to become a psychotherapist in the united states, top 10 highest paying jobs in india 2024, how to become a software engineer, how to become a chef, how to become a pilot step-wise guide, nda full form- what is nda, capf full form- what is capf, computer full form- know what is computer, nasa full form- know what is nasa, internet full form- know what is internet.

• UG Admission News
• UPSC Recruitment

Geography Notes

Essay on water harvesting | geography.

ADVERTISEMENTS:

Here is an essay on ‘Water Harvesting’ for class 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12. Find paragraphs, long and short essays on ‘Water Harvesting’ especially written for school and college students.

Essay on Water Harvesting

Essay Contents:

• Essay on Water Harvesting Methods

Essay # 1. Introduction to Water Harvesting:

The climate is continuously changing mainly because of change in ecosystem; as result the temperature change is at alarming rate. Also, the duration of various seasons has been changed.

The length of rainy season and winter season has been reduced (less than 4 months), while the span of summer season has been expanded more than 4 months. The quantum of rainfall and the ground water recharge thereof has also been significantly reduced. In response, at several places the ground water structures like tube well etc., have now been started to failure.

People are not getting water for their domestic needs; crop cultivation becomes impossible; reservoirs are drying etc. In brief, there becomes massive water scarcity. For fighting against these problems, the government is wasting huge amount of money.

In this situation, the harvesting of natural water (rain water) plays very important role to dilute the problem of water shortage.

Essay # 2. History of Water Harvesting :

There have been developed various methods of water harvesting, which are in use from very long back, worldwide. As per report, few of very earliest agriculture in Middle -East was based on diversion of “wadi” flow onto agricultural fields, was a kind of water harvesting and recycling of harvested water for irrigation.

In Negev desert (Israel) the water harvesting systems have been reported to get use about 4000 years back or more, where water harvesting was done by clearing the hillsides from vegetation to increase the runoff, and directing the runoff to the fields on the plains.

Similarly, the floodwater farming has been reported in practice in the desert areas of Arizona and north-west New Mexico from at least 1000 years back. In southern Tunisia, which was discovered in the nineteenth century by travelers Pacey and Cullis (1986) described the micro-catchments technique for tree growing.

In India the “Khadin” system, in which floodwater is impounded behind earthen bunds; and crops are planted in the field based on the residual moisture contents, which was due to infiltration from impounded water.

In sub-Saharan Africa the use of traditional and small-scale water harvesting systems has also been reported by the farmers. In some West African countries the method of water harvesting is reported by constructing the simple structure using stones. In Sudan and in Central Rangelands of Somalia the practice of water harvesting has been reported by constructing the bund system.

Essay # 3. Need for Water Harvesting :

Rainwater is the main source to feed the demand that is either for ground water recharge or filling the surface water bodies. As compared to the last several years, the amount of rainfall has been abruptly reduced might be due to change in eco-system. The reduction in level of rainfall magnitude has resulted declining water table, apart from due to heavy exploitation of ground water, either in agriculture sector, industries or for domestic usage.

And it has been reached at alarming stage, worldwide. As for as India is concerned, in spite of high average annual rainfall of 1170 mm in comparison to the global average rainfall (800 mm), still there is scarcity of water for fulfilling various demands of the country. It is general observation that during rainfall occurrence most of the rain water gets flew away to the fluvial system, which ultimately meets to the sea or big water body.

A little rainwater is left over the ground surface for ground water recharge, which also results into very little enrichment of water table. In most of the countries, the water table has been reached to such an extent that the ground water structures like tube wells etc., have failed to discharge the water. The water table fluctuation in different states of India is presented in Table 16.1.

In addition, due to erratic rainfall the surface water bodies such as natural pond/depressions, reservoirs etc., are not get filled with rainwater, which also result into not fulfilling the demands of various rural needs. All these facts basically force to search the alternatives to harvest the rainwater, anyhow; otherwise, no any means.

In spite, in continuous declining water table condition there is no reduction in water use rate; but at increased rate. As for as Indian condition is concerned, the estimated water requirement under different domestic activities is presented in Table 16.2.

Essay # 4. Concept and Definitions of Water Harvesting:

In broad sense, the water harvesting is defined as the “collection of runoff for its productive use” . The rainwater (overland flow/runoff) may be harvested from the roofs and ground surfaces or from the intermittent or ephemeral streams (water courses).

A variety of water harvesting techniques for different applications are available. Productive use of harvested water includes to develop provision for domestic and livestock feed, supply for crops, fodder and tree production and also for creating water body for fish and duck cultivation.

The water harvesting assembles various techniques or practices based on the utilization of runoff from un-cropped areas, and to supplement the harvested water to the cropped areas.

In addition, also to store water for irrigation, domestic or livestock use but priority is always given to use the harvested water for crop production. In general, the job of water harvesting is found very suitable in arid and semiarid areas where occurrence of droughts is very frequent and irrigation is not possible.

Various approaches of water harvesting are outlined as under:

i. Runoff Harvesting:

It refers to the harvesting of runoff resulted from bare or sparsely vegetated areas; and it’s recycling for irrigating the cropped areas. The runoff harvesting includes, (a) sheet-flow harvesting, in which rainwater (sheet flow) in the form of sheet-flow is collected from gently sloping land surfaces to such a point from where that can be suitably used for agriculture purposes; and (b) concentrated runoff harvesting, in which runoff is collected from narrow channels such as footpaths, cattle tracks or transient streams in which runoff has been concentrated.

ii. Floodwater Harvesting:

It is the practice of diversion of floodwater from water-courses to a safe place for storage. The storage place may be the farm ponds or micro reservoirs.

iii. Water Spreading:

In this approach the flood water is diverted to a very vast area. Where spread water gets infiltrated in the soil. The retained moisture content in the soil is utilized for growing the crop.

iv. Rooftop Water Harvesting:

It is the method of direct harvesting of rainfall from the roofs. The harvested water can be used for domestic or livestock usage.

In sheet-flow water harvesting the rainwater is collected from a larger catchment area, and is concentrated to a small size cropping area. In this approach the catchment size is decided based on the cropped area to be irrigated by the harvested water.

As a thumb rule, the catchment area should always be greater than the cropped area. The ratio of catchment area to the cropped area generally varies from 1:1 to 3:1. The sheet-flow water harvesting is very effective when slope of catchment area does not exceed 5%.

In the catchments without crop (bare) the runoff yield becomes more, as compared to the cropped condition. In many situations for increasing the runoff rate, the catchment area is treated by using most suitable means. If runoff yield is very high then there is possibility of getting damage of water harvesting structures. In this situation, the use of diversion ditches becomes essential at upslope of the area to check excessive runoff.

Although, the water harvesting in water scare area is very conducive for crop cultivation, but adoption rate is still very less, which may be due to following reasons:

i. Reluctance to maintain clean and weedless runoff areas.

ii. Involvement of high costs.

iii. High labour requirements for constructing and maintaining the water harvesting structures.

iv. Limited availability of land for constructing water-harvesting structures.

Apart from above reasons, the following are also few important points, which are likely to create adverse effects on water harvesting:

i. High risk of crop damage due to long term water stagnation in the area.

ii. Development of high risk of soil erosion and soil degradation in the catchment area.

iii. There is possibility of intense soil erosion in the area.

Essay # 5. Soil Requirements for Water Harvesting :

The physical, chemical and biological properties of soil affect the yield response of crop to extra harvested moisture. In general, the soil characteristics favoring the water harvesting are the same as for irrigation.

For better water harvesting response, the soil of catchment area should have following properties:

i. High runoff coefficient.

ii. In cultivated area the soil depth should be deep.

iii. Soil should be in the nature of fertile loam.

Apart from above the followings are also very important parameters, which affect the crop performance under water harvesting combinations.

a. Soil Texture:

The soil texture influences several important soil characteristics including infiltration rate and water holding capacity. Soil texture represents the soil composition in terms of mineral particles.

The followings are the classification of soil texture:

i. Coarse textured soils-sand predominance, i.e. sandy soils.

ii. Medium textured soils-silt predominance, i.e. loamy soils.

iii. Fine textured soils-clay predominance, i.e. clay soils.

The medium textured soils are normally the best for water harvesting purpose, because of the reason that these soils are ideally suited for plant growth in terms of nutrient supply, biological activity and water holding capacity.

b. Soil Structure:

This soil property refers to the group of soil particles in the aggregates; and arrangement of the aggregates. A loamy soil includes good structure and relatively high content of organic matter. Due to this reason, the loamy soil is considered to be a good soil for water harvesting.

Under hot climatic condition, the level of organic matter is often low because of rapid rate of decomposition. In general, the application of organic materials such as crop residues and animal manure in loamy soil is very conducive to improve the soil structure.

c. Soil Depth:

The soil depth is very important for better water harvesting. In the condition of greater soil depth, the quantum of runoff harvesting gets increase because of greater available storage space in the soil. The soils with less than 1 m depths are poorly suitable for water harvesting. The ideal soil depth for water harvesting point of view is 2 m or more.

d. Soil Fertility:

The level of soil fertility also affects the water harvesting. In many areas where water-harvesting system has been introduced, the lack of moisture content and low soil fertility are the major constraints to cultivate the crops. For better response of recycled harvested water the attention should always be given to maintain a good fertility level in the soil.

Soil Salinity/Sodicity :

A soil is said to be sodic when it has high exchangeable sodium percentage; on the other hand when soil contains excess soluble salts then it is called saline soil. These soils should be avoided for water harvesting purposes, because there is significant reduction in moisture availability as well as creating harmful effects on plant growth.

Infiltration Rate :

The soil types mainly affect the infiltration rate. Depending on the soil types the variation in infiltration rate is presented in Table 16.3.

A soil with very low infiltration rate is not good for profile water harvesting point of view, because of the possibility of development of surface water logging problem in the area.

On the other hand, a low infiltration rate causes a high runoff rate, which is desirable for the catchment area to supply sufficient water for harvesting in reservoirs like structure which water can be utilized for electricity generation or for directing to the canal system for irrigation purposes. In general, the soils of cropped area should be sufficiently permeable to allow adequate moisture availability in the crop root zone without causing water logging problem.

Available Water Content :

The water holding capacity and ability of soil to release the water are considered very important parameters for water harvesting point of view. Regarding water harvesting structure, in which runoff water is stored, the soil should be such that which could hold the water for long duration, so that the harvested water could be available for the crop use for longer duration.

The AWC has implications for design; for example in a soil of 2 m depth with 200 mm/m available water, there is no ponding of water to the depth more than 40 cm. This quantity of water when infiltrated, is adequate to replenish the soil profile from permanent wilting point to field capacity and any surplus water if there, gets lost by deep percolation; and thus being for a potential water logging hazard.

Essay # 6. Water Harvesting Design Model for Catchment Cultivated Area Ratio :

The water harvesting system consists of two components, i.e. one is the catchment, which is the collection unit for rainwater, and other is the cultivated area also called concentration area. There is definite relationship between the collection unit and the cultivated area.

For an appropriate design of water harvesting system the ratio between catchment area and cultivated area must be known, which are determined mainly on the basis of rainfall, runoff and crop water requirement data of the area, where water harvesting structures are to be constructed. The accuracy in estimation depends very much on the accuracy in above motioned data.

But in real practice, there is very wide variation in rainfall, runoff or other required data. The rainfall and runoff are characteristically erratic. It is therefore, sometimes becomes necessary to modify the design procedure based on the experience, and by incorporating few safety measures, such as provision of cut-off drains to avoid damage when rainfall exceeds the design limit.

The calculation procedure of ratio of catchment area to cultivated area (C: CA) is described as under:

Computation of Ratio of Catchment Area to Cultivated Area :

The calculation of ratio between catchment area and cultivated area is based on the concept that the quantity of harvested water must be equal to the extra water required for needful, i.e,

Harvested water = Extra water needed … (16.1)

In which, the amount of water harvested from the contributing catchment depends on host of the factors, such as topographical characteristics, land use, rainfall etc., are the main. Effects of these factors are on the runoff producing behaviour of the catchment. There are several methods for computing the runoff, based on the topographical characteristics, land uses and climatic characteristics, but for water harvesting is concerned, the runoff for a defined time scale is predicted by multiplying the design rainfall with the runoff coefficient.

Also for better accuracy, it is additionally multiplied with an efficiency factor for compensating the deep percolation losses. The following formula can be used for computing the amount of water to be harvested based on the catchment area, rainfall, runoff coefficient and efficiency factor –

Amount of water harvested = Catchment area x Design rainfall x Runoff coefficient x Efficiency factor … (16.2)

The amount of extra-required water is computed by multiplying the size of cultivated area and the net crop water requirement. The net crop water requirement is the total water requirement minus rainfall depth taken place. It is presented as under –

Extra water required = Cultivated area X Crop water requirement – Rainfall depth … (16.3)

Equating equations (16.2) and (16.3)

Catchment area x Rainfall depth x Runoff coefficient x Efficiency factor = Cultivated area x Crop water requirement – Rainfall depth … (16.4)

Rearranging the equation 16.4 –

(Crop water requirement – Rainfall depth)/(Rainfall x Runoff coeffi. x Eff. Factor) = Catchment area/Cultivated area … (16.5)

The equation 16.5 can be used for computing the ratio of catchment area and cultivated area to determine the amount of required water harvesting for the given area. This formula is not valid for tree plantations. For trees the following formula can be used –

MC = RA (WR – DR)/ DR – K – Eff. … (16.6)

MC = area of micro-catchment (m 2 )

RA = area exploited by root system (m 2 )

WR = water requirement (annual) (mm)

DR = design rainfall (annual) (mm)

K = runoff coefficient (annual)

Eff. = efficiency factor

In above formula, the area exploited by root system is taken as the area of the tree canopy. For few tree species, the size of catchment and cultivated area followed in different countries is presented in Table 16.4. The table values can be taken into consideration for design purposes of water harvesting structures.

However, there is thumb rule about the size of micro catchment, that for multipurpose trees in arid/semi-arid regions the size of micro-catchment per tree (catchment and cultivated area together) should be between 10 and 100 sqm, depending on the aridity of the area and species grown.

For rangeland and fodder cases, it is generally not necessary to calculate the ratio of catchment area and cultivated area (C: CA) for design of water harvesting system for fodder production or rangeland rehabilitation. However, as a general guideline that the ratio of 2:1 to 3:1 for micro catchments, which are normally used, are found appropriate.

Various parameters involved in above relationship are described as under:

1. Crop Water Requirement:

It depends on the type of crop to be grown and climate of the area. A detail view about crop water requirement can be have from the reference Suresh R (2008).

2. Design Rainfall:

It is the seasonal rain depth, based on which the water harvesting system is designed. The rainfall depth data is essential for determining the amount of runoff likely to be generated from the catchment area, which is expected to get store in the water harvesting structure. The design rainfall depth refers to the rainfall of a specified probability.

The consideration of design rainfall makes the system design, more reliable. If the rainfall is lesser than the design rainfall, then there is possibility of risk of crop failure due to moisture stress, along with not availability of excess water for harvesting purpose. And if the rainfall is more than the design rainfall, then runoff will be in surplus, which can be used for water harvesting.

3. Runoff Coefficient:

It is the fraction of rainfall, which gets change into surface runoff. It depends on several factors such as slope steepness, soil type, vegetative cover, antecedent soil moisture content, rainfall intensity and duration. The runoff coefficient varies between 0 and 1.0.

4. Efficiency Factor:

This factor takes into account the losses of rainwater due to deep percolation and evaporation, and non-uniform distribution of water within the field. In level cultivated lands, its value is at higher side. The micro-catchment systems have higher efficiency because depth of water ponding is less.

Essay # 7. Site and Technique Selection for Water Harvesting:

There are several factors which decide to a most suitable site and technique for design and construction of water harvesting structures; few of them are outlined as under:

People’s Priorities :

It is very important that before selecting any specific technique for water harvesting, the consideration must be given to the social and cultural aspects prevailing in the area because they are paramount, and affect the success of the implemented technique.

In the arid and semi-arid regions of Africa, it is in report of failure of many projects because of not considering the people’s priorities. There, most of the population have experienced basic subsistence regimes, which resulted over the centuries in setting priorities for survival.

Regarding selection of technique, the consideration of cost and risks is very important. The cost and risks must be compared within various techniques, and based on that the selection should made to that which involve less cost and risk, as well. In addition, the water quality, operational and maintenance costs should also be taken into consideration. The area, where water of better quality, cheaper technology, easier to obtain or there is less risk, should always be given priority.

Technical Criterion :

The water harvesting projects are only being sustainable, when they are socially acceptable and econo­mically viable and also when fulfill the basic technical criteria.

Few important criterion are outlined as under:

1. Ground Slope:

It is one of the very important limiting factors for water harvesting. In general, the water harvesting is not recommended for the areas having slope greater than 5%, because of non-uniform distri­bution of runoff and also involvement of large quantities of earthwork, which makes the work, un-economical.

The soil should have all those attributes, which are suitable for irrigation. In other words, the soil should be deep; not be saline or sodic and also possess inherent fertility. A serious limitation for water harvesting is with the soils in sandy texture. The sandy soil contains very high infiltration rate; because of this reason there is more possibility of no yield of runoff if rainfall depth is mild. In general, for yield of sufficient runoff from watershed, the infiltration rate should always be lesser than the rainfall intensity.

Always, there should be the consideration of cost effectiveness technique for water harvesting. To fulfill it, the site should be that, where minimum earthwork is required; construction materials are easily available in the nearby area; people of the area are very progressive in attitude; laborers are easily available in the area etc. These parameters minimize the total input cost.

Essay # 8. Water Harvesting Methods :

There are several traditional/improved water harvesting technologies, developed world-wide.

The very common, amongst them are described as under:

This is a traditional water harvesting structure (pit like structure) used in arid and semiarid zones of Sahel (FAO, 1991).

The dimension of pits is as below:

Depth = about 15 cm

Diameter = 40 cm

Spacing = 80 cm

These pits are constructed during dry season by digging the soil, down slope. For making safe storage of runoff, the stones are placed at upslope side around the pits. After constructing such pits in the field, about 1 or 2 handful of dry dung (1-2.5 t/ha) are applied to the pits and covered with the soil, about 2 weeks before occurrence of rainfall. The application of dung enables to increase the infiltration rate of the soil, which results into significant storage of water in the soil profile.

The stored water content in the soil profile is utilized for crop production, later on. The crops are sown in the pits when rain gets start. The Tassa pits also enable the farmers to apply small quantity of manure and compost, which are very helpful for improving the productive potential of soil, in addition to water harvesting. Also, this practice has been found very effective for rehabili­tating the degraded lands; and an excellent means of establishing the tree seedlings for agro-forestry, in Sahel.

The main demerit of this construction is the requirement of large number of labours for construction. In this way, in labour scare areas this method is not feasible for water harvesting.

However, the followings are few merits of it:

i. It economizes the amount of use of manures, because of its application in the pits, i.e. at the place of crop planting.

ii. This practice encourages re-introduction of soil fauna, i.e. termites etc., which improves the soil properties.

iii. It results into planting of crops in time, because of preparation of land in advance.

iv. Also, very effective for rehabilitation of badly degraded land.

v. Very conducive to result a good yield from the land.

vi. It also replenishes the groundwater table.

2. Half Moons :

This is also a sheet-flow water harvesting structure. The shape of half-moon of bund guides the runoff to enter into their storage space; and also allows to escape excess runoff from around the ends of half-moon bank. Its storage area varies from 10 to 20 m 2 . It is constructed by digging the soil and placing the cut soil, around, in the shape of half-moon along contour of the area in offset arrangement. Its width varies from 2 to 6 m. The spacing between contour lines is decided on the basis of required ratio between catchment area to the cropping area.

In Niger, this structure has been constructed in the dimension of 20 cm as depth; 2 m as width at 4 m interval along the contour, with 4 m contour spacing (FAO, 1991). This water harvesting structure can be used for establishment of trees around the pits. For which the size of pit may be 60 cm deep and 60 cm square.

These can also be used for taking the grain crops, forage grasses etc. Since, half-moons are constructed by hand as result their construction requires considerable amount of labours. This method has disadvantage for millet and some trees crops is that, the sediments deposited within the half-moons form fairly impermeable crusts, which can impede the emergence.

3. Contour Stone Bund :

This type of water harvesting structure is constructed with the help of stone pieces. First, the position of contour lines is fixed in the field; and then a foundation trench is dug along the marked contour line. The depth of foundation trench varies from 5-10 cm and width 35-40cm. After trenching the foundation, the stone pieces are placed in that and tightly packed. The bund height is kept in the range of 25 cm. During rainfall the sheet flow is obstructed by the stone contour bund.

As result a part of rainwater gets infiltrated into the soil, and is stored in the soil profile. The moisture stored in the soil profile is utilized for crop production. In addition, during this process the suspended materials coming with sheet water also get deposited at u/s of stone bund, which is beneficial to enhance the infiltration rate and water storage thereof. Slowly and slowly the deposition of soil particles on upslope side of stone bund attains the form of terrace. It also becomes very effective to enhance water infiltration in the soil.

This practice of water harvesting is commonly used in Ethiopia for crop cultivation and rangeland rehabilitation. On the lands with the slope 1-3%, the stone bunds are constructed at 25 m spacing; and based on the level of water stored in the soil, the cultivation of sorghum is successfully done. Also, by sorghum crop the runoff gets reduce by 23%. Somewhere, the stone bunds are also constructed as the permeable rock dam across the gullies, to divert the rainwater from the gully area, and spread over the other area for water harvesting.

Apart from above methods, there are several other methods for water harvesting. Table 16.5 summarises few more water harvesting methods.

Related Articles:

• How to Measure the Infiltration of Water by Soil? | Ground Water
• Infiltration: Essay on Infiltration | Land Surface | Geography
• Roof Water Harvesting: Concept, Conditions and Layout | Geography
• Water Harvesting Measures for Agro-Climatic Regions | India

Essay , Geography , Water , Water Harvesting , Essay on Water Harvesting

Privacy Overview

Essay on Rain Water Harvesting for Children and Students

Table of Contents

Rain Water Harvesting Essay: Rainwater harvesting involves the collection and storage of rainwater into the natural reservoirs or artificial reservoirs in order to prevent the surface water runoff.

Fill Out the Form for Expert Academic Guidance!

Please indicate your interest Live Classes Books Test Series Self Learning

Verify OTP Code (required)

I agree to the terms and conditions and privacy policy .

Fill complete details

Target Exam ---

Rainwater harvesting is a process of collecting and storing rain water for using it as a backup supply of fresh water to meet everyday domestic and agricultural requirements, especially when water becomes scarcely available. There are several methods by which we can collect rainwater flowing from our roof tops, ditches, gardens, fields, forests and other locations. These methods are discussed in detail in the following essays. Rainwater harvesting not only provides fresh water in difficult times but also prevent naturally occurring fresh water resources from drying up, by reducing the demand of water. Rainwater harvesting is the least we can do to maintain the supply of water and also to support life on earth.

Long and Short Essay on Rain Water Harvesting in English

We have provided variety of paragraph and essay on rain water harvesting under different words limit for the students. It is very important topic on which students may be assigned to write essay or paragraph on the rain water harvesting. You can select any rain water harvesting essay given below according to the need and requirement.

Rain Water Harvesting Essay 1 (100 words)

Rain water harvesting is a technique used for collecting and storing rainwater by using various means in different resources for the future use purpose (like cultivation, etc). Rain water can be collected into the natural reservoirs or artificial tanks. Another method of collection is infiltration of surface water into the subsurface aquifers before getting lost by surface overflow.

Rooftop harvesting is also a method to collect rainwater. It is of big importance to the people living in the less rainfall areas. They can continue seasonal crop harvesting using collected rain water even in the lack of regular water supply. Whenever it rains, rain water gets collected into the man made ponds or tanks.

Rain Water Harvesting Essay 2 (150 words)

Rain water harvesting is the collection of rainwater into the man made resources or any natural resource like pond, lake, etc at the same place where it falls from rooftops or ground. Two main techniques of rainwater harvesting are storage for future use and recharge into the ground. It can be used for crop harvesting, gardening, toilets, etc. Following are the benefits of rainwater harvesting at individual or city-wide level:

• It helps in reducing the water supply bills especially to the institutions.
• Rainwater recharged to the ground positively affects groundwater quality by diluting fluorides, nitrates and its salinity.
• It contains almost neutral pH and zero hardness which makes it more able to be used in homes, industries, institutions and other commercial establishments.
• It may reduce the stress of public water supply sources.
• Recharge of rainwater to the ground prevents sea-water immersion into the fresh water bodies in the coastal areas.
• It helps in controlling urban flooding if people do rainwater harvesting from rooftops.
• It reduces water demands of people from the municipality thus lessens energy consumption too in distributing water all through the city.

Rain Water Harvesting Essay 3 (200 words)

Rainwater harvesting means collecting the rain water into the natural reservoirs or man-made tanks. It is the technique to collect and store rainwater for various purposes in the future. The most common and easy method of rain water harvesting is the rooftop harvesting. Using this technique we can collect lots of clean rain water in the rainy season. It can be stored for long time for the household purposes like gardening, livestock, and irrigation, etc. Following are benefits of rain water harvesting:

• It helps in reducing water supply loads and electricity bills of municipality, improve free water supply, crop production in rural areas, and thus lead to food security.
• Rain water harvesting system helps in reducing the insecurity of households or individuals in the rural areas.
• It provides easy and low cost water supply in the lack of water areas thus helps in food security and income generation.

Tamil Nadu is one of the states of India and now has been first Indian state where rainwater harvesting has been mandatory. Tamil Nadu state government has declared on 30 th of May 2014 to establish around 50,000 rainwater harvesting structures at various places in the Chennai. Till now, approximately 4,000 of the temples in the Tamilnadu have rain water tanks serving at various rituals in temples and help in recharging the groundwater.

Rain Water Harvesting Essay 4 (250 words)

Every drop of rain water is like blessings of God to the people on the earth. Fresh rain water falls on the ground like pearls, so everyone should understand the importance of rain water especially in developing regions and rural areas lack of natural water resources.

We should try to collect rain water without wasting through rooftops and along streets run off. We should bring our old traditional harvesting practices using new and effective technologies to make easy water supply in all the regions. As only hand pumps, wells, and other resources of groundwater levels cannot fulfill the potable water need of hundreds of thousands of people.

Rainwater harvesting is the most sustainable and effective way for many years to make water available in the areas lacking water. Rainwater harvesting is very low cost method along with lots of benefits. It helps in various purposes like household works, field irrigation, livestock, agriculture and animal husbandry.

It helps in rejuvenating the groundwater levels in both directly and indirectly manner. Groundwater level can be replenished by rain water harvesting methods of trenches, anicut, dug wells, contour, etc whereas other rain water harvesting methods like underground water tanks, ponds, etc help in reducing the use of groundwater for at least four to six months. It is very effective in the hilly regions and desert regions of the India and other countries. More and clean rain water can be collected in the rainy season by making large and clean water body.

Rain Water Harvesting Essay 5 (300 words)

Now-a-days, people have been depended on the government system of water supply for getting water for their every need. The present scenario of water management and distribution in the cities has been centralized by the government which has brought a big gap of community responsibility in water management. It has slowly but regularly finished the old traditional water harvesting system.

Rainwater harvesting is again a new but old and effective technique of collecting rain water during rainy season for future usage purpose. It is being frequently used in various places of India to overcome the problems of lack of water. Rain water harvesting is the good source of ground water recharge in natural way.

However, the ground water level is getting less day by day because of the rapid urbanization and cities development at huge level as well as reduction in percolation of the rainwater to the ground. Rainwater harvesting is the way to reduce the use of ground water as well as maintain its level forever in the future. It is of more importance to the drought regions of India and other countries to supply the demands of water for various purposes. Following are mentioned points proving the fact why to harvest rainwater:

• It plays great role in protecting the ground water decline and improving the ground water table.
• It helps in improving the water quality in aquifers.
• It is to conserve more water and prevent surface water runoff during the monsoon.
• It helps in reducing the soil erosion.
• It is to bring the old tradition of water conservation among people.

Rain water can be harvested in better way using following methods like surface runoff harvesting and roof top rainwater harvesting. Both are very effective methods help in enhancing the level of ground water and fulfill the need of water supply in easy and cost effective way.

Rain Water Harvesting Essay 6 (400 words)

Rainwater harvesting is the collection and storage of rain water in the natural resources or artificially designed resources to prevent water runoff and fulfill the lack of water in future. The quantity of water harvesting is affected by the number of factors like frequency of rainfall, quantity of rainfall, way of collecting rain water, and size of resources to collect water. The ground water level is getting depleted day by day due to various reasons like deforestation and ecological imbalance.

Increasing level of urbanization and industrialization constantly increases the demand of water supply especially in the urban areas. It results in the overuse of ground water and thus going low level. The risk of water scarcity in the future has been increased to a great extent and can be life threatening if some effective solutions are not followed.

Water harvesting is very helpful and fulfill various need like recharging the ground water level, reduces electricity bill spend in supplying water and provide easy water supply anytime when required. It is estimated that 1 meter rise in the water level saves around 0.4 KWH of electricity.

Why Rain Water Harvesting is Necessary:

Rain water harvesting is very necessary to be practiced by the people in all regions. It is good to reduce the fear of water scarcity in the future. Following are the points proving the fact that why rain water harvesting is necessary:

• Surface water cannot fulfill the demand of water for various purposes.
• Everyone depend on the ground water for their every need.
• Deforestation, rapid urbanization, rain water infiltration to the sub-soil, etc reasons are continuously decreasing the level of ground water.
• Rain water conservation maintains the level of water in natural water resources.
• It reduces the chance of flooding of water on the roads, reduces the risk of soil erosion and improves the quality of water.

Following are main techniques of rain water harvesting:

• Collecting rainwater to the surface for future use.
• Recharging the ground water.

Collecting rain water to the surface is very effective and traditional technique. It can be done using small ponds, underground tanks, dams, weirs etc. However, ground water recharging technique is a new concept of harvesting. It can be done using dug wells, pits, trenches, hand pumps, recharge wells, recharge shafts, recharge lateral shafts with bore wells, spreading technique (means spread of water to the stream, nala, etc).

Rain Water Harvesting Essay 7 (800 words)

Introduction

Rainwater Harvesting is a method of storing rainwater, to be used in several domestic and agricultural activities. The basic idea is to not let the rainwater runoff and get wasted, rather to collect it by simple mechanism so that it can be used during scarcity of water. In the following essay we will explore the importance of rainwater harvesting, its methods and systems and how it is traditionally done in rural India. Below is a complete Essay on Rainwater Harvesting with Subheadings/Subtitles and Conclusion.

Rainwater Harvesting Methods/Rainwater Harvesting System

Primarily there are two types of rainwater harvesting methods as classified below-

1) Surface Runoff Harvesting

Surface runoff is a term used for precipitation that falls on the surface of earth and is subsequently lost to the environment. If elaborate arrangements are made to collect surface runoff water by providing it a path into a pond or tank; gallons of water could be stored to be used for several activities.

If designed efficiently, a system to collect surface runoff water can collect huge quantities of runoff from roads, parks, and gardens etc enough to sustain a small community or even a city. However, runoff water contains impurities; therefore, it must be passed through filtration process before it could be reused.

2) Roof Top Rainwater Harvesting

In roof top rainwater harvesting, the roof of a house or building functions as a catchment area for collecting rainwater. The water falling on the roof is diverted through a network or pipes to the desired pit or tank. It is by far the most economical and easy method of rainwater harvesting.

Houses or buildings with sloping roof can install gutters on the edges to collect the falling rain and to carry it to the destination using pipes or artificially created ditch. Though, care must be taken to flush out the water collected from first rain as it contains soluble impurities.

Rainwater Harvesting in India

In some places in India, still very traditional and ancient methods of rainwater harvesting are followed. These methods have proved successful in past and are still used in rural as well as urban India. Some of the significant traditional methods of rainwater harvesting in India are listed below-

This traditional method of rainwater harvesting is followed in tropical belt of southern states of Karnataka and Kerala. These regions are rich in laterite soil with naturally occurring depressions with three high sides. The three sides automatically function as the catchment area for collection of water in the depression. A small dam is constructed on the low lying fourth end of the depression to contain the runoff.

2) Surangaas

Surangas are traditional water harvesting system only used in Kasargod district of south Indian state of Kerala. The soil found in this region is hard laterite which is favorable for the construction of suranga (cave). Suranga is like a horizontal cave excavated in hilly terrain of the area, through which water oozes out and is thus collected in a pond. Though, this method is locally being used since centuries, it is sadly now gradually being replaced by bore wells.

Taankas are part of a traditional rainwater harvesting method practiced in the western state of Gujarat. Taankas are basically underground reservoirs with a capacity of storing thousands of liters of rainwater. Presently there are around ten thousand household in Gujarat’s capital city of Ahmadabad those are using taankas to meet their everyday water requirements. Water stored in a taanka is sealed against sunlight and therefore remains fresh for years.

Importance of Rainwater Harvesting

Rainwater harvesting provides an independent source of water supply during the scarcity of water. It becomes more valuable in context to the places where rain is scarce and uncertain. Also, in areas where fresh water is a costly commodity, preserving rain water is more economical option. Rain water thus preserved can be used to meet several household requirements like – washing and cleaning, gardening etc.

In case of unforeseen natural calamities like famine and droughts, rainwater harvesting might prove to be a blessing for the sufferers. Another significance of rain water harvesting is that it reduces the demand of water from other natural resources like wells, ponds and lakes, thus, preventing their depletion.

Water is most essential and precious resource, necessary for life on the planet. It can’t be wasted and every drop of it must be preserved to be reused in need. Rains on the other hand are vital source of fresh water, only if we have elaborate arrangements to collect it. Here, begins the concept of “Rainwater Harvesting”. Every year we lose thousands of liters of rainwater due to the lack of awareness about rainwater harvesting. It’s high time that we realize its usefulness to the nature and to the society as well and start implementing it in our house, buildings, parks, for a safe and water abundant future.

Related Topics to Save Water

Related content

Talk to our academic expert!

Language --- English Hindi Marathi Tamil Telugu Malayalam

Get access to free Mock Test and Master Class

Register to Get Free Mock Test and Study Material

Offer Ends in 5:00

Please select class

Information

• Author Services

Initiatives

You are accessing a machine-readable page. In order to be human-readable, please install an RSS reader.

All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess .

Feature papers represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the field. A Feature Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook for future research directions and describes possible research applications.

Feature papers are submitted upon individual invitation or recommendation by the scientific editors and must receive positive feedback from the reviewers.

Editor’s Choice articles are based on recommendations by the scientific editors of MDPI journals from around the world. Editors select a small number of articles recently published in the journal that they believe will be particularly interesting to readers, or important in the respective research area. The aim is to provide a snapshot of some of the most exciting work published in the various research areas of the journal.

Original Submission Date Received: .

• Active Journals
• Find a Journal
• Proceedings Series
• For Authors
• For Reviewers
• For Editors
• For Librarians
• For Publishers
• For Societies
• For Conference Organizers
• Open Access Policy
• Institutional Open Access Program
• Special Issues Guidelines
• Editorial Process
• Research and Publication Ethics
• Article Processing Charges
• Testimonials
• Preprints.org
• SciProfiles
• Encyclopedia

Article Menu

• Subscribe SciFeed
• Recommended Articles
• Google Scholar
• on Google Scholar
• Table of Contents

Find support for a specific problem in the support section of our website.

Please let us know what you think of our products and services.

Visit our dedicated information section to learn more about MDPI.

JSmol Viewer

The importance of rainwater harvesting and its usage possibilities: antalya example (turkey).

1. Introduction

2. basic definition of rainwater harvesting, advantages of rain harvesting.

• It can be used as an additional water source wherever water is scarce and needed.
• It is self-sufficient and ensures the protection of water resources.
• It is purified to provide safe drinking water.
• It is used for planting and landscape irrigation.
• It reduces rainwater runoff into surface runoff.
• It uses simple technology and is easy maintenance.
• It has a low cost of use.
• It reduces the demand for surface water and groundwater.
• Its invoice and operating costs are low.
• It is a simple and flexible system. The public can be informed about issues such as maintenance and operation.
• It can be built anywhere, regardless of the terrain, geology or infrastructure management plans.
• Water can be delivered directly to households or to closer locations. By preventing transportation from a distant location, time and energy savings are achieved.
• It also provides stormwater management by transforming rainwater into water resource assets by preventing the negativities caused by infrastructure problems, such as drainage and flooding during heavy rainfall in urban areas.
• It reduces surface runoff in urban areas and ensures that surface waters are less polluted by pollutants (fertilizers, pesticides and sediment) that can be carried by water.
• It provides additional water supply in case of any disruption in the water distribution network or during drought periods.
• It provides flood control during periods of heavy rainfall.
• It is an additional source for households with limited access to water for domestic use.
• Collecting and using rainwater with hard surfaces, such as roof areas and parking lots that are not specially constructed for rainwater harvesting systems, has a less negative impact on the environment than dams and piped distribution systems.
• Rain harvesting is inexpensive and sustainable. It provides high-quality water, and excess water can be diverted to storage areas to feed groundwater.

3. History of Rain Harvesting

4. rain harvesting components, 4.1. collection systems, 4.2. transportation systems, 4.3. storage system, 4.4. water purification, 5. water harvesting techniques, 5.1. micro-basin methods, 5.1.1. harvesting water between rows, 5.1.2. negarim, 5.1.3. mesqat, 5.1.4. equal elevated terraces, 5.1.5. small pits, 5.1.6. equal elevated embankments, 5.1.7. semi-circular embankments, 5.1.8. eyebrow-shaped terraces, 5.1.9. roof systems, 5.1.10. surface flow harvesting method, 5.1.11. permeable surfaces, 5.1.12. infiltration trenches, 5.1.13. infiltration ponds, 5.1.14. planted trenches (planted channels), 5.1.15. rain gardens, 5.1.16. rain trenches, 5.1.17. roof gardens, 5.2. macro-basin and floodwater methods, 5.2.1. valley bed systems, small farm reserves, hillside channel system, jessour system, 5.2.2. out-of-valley systems, water distribution systems, large embankments, water tanks, hillside flow systems, floodwater harvesting systems, 6. the calculation on the rain harvest from greenhouses.

• ACR = Amount of Collectible Rainwater (m 3 )
• TRA = Total Roof Area (m 2 )
• ARA = Average Rainfall Amount (mm)
• FC = Flow Coefficient (R C : Ratio of rainfall to the collected water)
• R C : (R C coefficient is taken as 0.9 for plastic greenhouse [ 87 ].

7. Conclusions

Author contributions, data availability statement, conflicts of interest.

• Şahin, N.İ. Water Conservation in Buildings, İ.T.Ü. Master’s Thesis, Istanbul Technical University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, İstanbul, Turkey, 2010; p. 127. [ Google Scholar ]
• Souza, T.D.; Ghisi, E. Harvesting rainwater from scaffolding platforms and walls to reduce potable water consumption at buildings construction sites. J. Clean. Prod. 2020 , 258 , 120909. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Sevimli, A. Sustainable Rainwater Management Applications: The case of Bursa Uludağ University Görükle Campus. Master’s Thesis, Bursa Uludağ University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Bursa, Turkey, 2021. [ Google Scholar ]
• İncebel, C. Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting to Earn Alternative Water Resource for Industrial Use (Example Ostim). Master’s Thesis, Gazi University, Institute of Science and Technology, Ankara, Turkey, 2012; p. 156. [ Google Scholar ]
• Calzadilla, A.; Rehdanz, K.; Betts, R.; Falloon, P.; Wiltshire, A.; Tol, R.S. Climate change impacts on global agriculture. Clim. Chang. 2013 , 120 , 357–374. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Rolbiecki, R.; Yücel, A.; Kocięcka, J.; Atilgan, A.; Marković, M.; Liberacki, D. Analysis of SPI as a Drought Indicator during the Maize Growing Period in the Çukurova Region (Turkey). Sustainability 2022 , 14 , 3697. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Afzal, M.; Battilani, A.; Solimando, D.; Ragab, R. Improving water resources management using different irrigation strategies and water qualities: Field and modelling study. Agric. Water Manag. 2016 , 176 , 40–54. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Kurukulasuriya, P.; Rosenthal, S. Climate Change and Agriculture: A Review of Impacts and Adaptations ; World Bank Climate Change Series; Agriculture, and Rural Development Department: Washington, DC, USA, 2003; Volume 91, p. 100. [ Google Scholar ]
• Słyś, D.; Stec, A. Centralized or Decentralized Rainwater Harvesting Systems: A Case Study. Resources 2020 , 9 , 5. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ] [ Green Version ]
• Aküzüm, T.; Çakmak, B.; Gökalp, Z. Evaluation of Water Resources Management in Turkey. Int. J. Agric. Nat. Sci. 2010 , 3 , 67–74. [ Google Scholar ]
• Eren, B.; Aygün, A.; Likos, S.; Dama, A.İ. Rainwater harvesting: Evaluation of the responsibility of Sakarya University Esentepe Campus. Int. J. Eng. Technol. Res. 2016 , 1 , 1–5. [ Google Scholar ]
• Godfray, H.C.J.; Beddington, J.R.; Crate, I.R.; Haddad, L.; Lawrence, D.; Muir, J.F.; Pretty, J.; Robinson, S.; Thomas, S.M.; Toumlin, C. Food Security: The Challenge of Feeding 9 Billion People. Science 2010 , 327 , 812–818. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ] [ Green Version ]
• Worldometers, World Population Projections. Available online: https://www.worldometers.info/worldpopulation/world-population-projections/) (accessed on 8 December 2021).
• Pamuk Mengü, G.; Akkuzu, E. Global Water Crisis and Water Harvesting Techniques. ADU J. Fac. Agric. 2008 , 5 , 75–85. [ Google Scholar ]
• WWAP 2015 (United Nations World Water Assessment Programme). The United Nations World Water Development Report 2015: Water for a Sustainable World ; UNESCO: Paris, France, 2015; Available online: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/docume nts/1711Water%20for%20a%20Sustainable%20World.pdf (accessed on 1 May 2023).
• United Nations, United Nations Climate Change Summit. 2019. Available online: http://sdg.iisd.org/events/un-2019-climate-summit/ (accessed on 1 May 2023).
• TKSB Draws Attention to the Importance of Water in Sustainable Development during the World Water Week. Available online: https://www.tskb.com.tr/hakkimizda/bizi-taniyin/haberler/tskb-dunya-su-haftasinda-surdurulebilir-kalkinmada-suyun-onemine-dikkat-cekiyor (accessed on 1 May 2023).
• Hammes, G.; Ghisi, E.; Thives, L.P. Water end-uses and rainwater harvesting: A case study in Brazil. Urban Water 2020 , 17 , 177–183. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Tarı, A.F.; Çakır, R. Water Management in Arid Regions. In Proceedings of the 1st National Drought and Desertification Symposium, Konya, Turkey, 16–18 June 2009; pp. 368–378. [ Google Scholar ]
• Jamali, B.; Bach, P.M.; Deletic, A. Rainwater Harvesting for Urban Flood Management-An Integrated Modelling Framework. Water Res. 2020 , 171 , 115372. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Dadhich, G.; Mathur, P. A GIS based Analysis for Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting. Int. J. Comput. Sci. Eng. Technol. 2016 , 7 , 129–143. [ Google Scholar ]
• Sturm, M.; Zimmermann, M.; Schutz, K.; Urban, W.; Hartung, H. Rainwater Harvesting as an Alternative Water Resource in Rural Sites in Central Northern Namibia. Phys. Chem. Earth 2009 , 34 , 776–785. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Zhang, Y.; Grant, A.; Sharma, A.; Chen, D.; Chen, L. Alternative Water Resources for Rural Residential Development in Western Australia. Water Resour. Manag. 2010 , 24 , 25–36. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Yalılı Kılıç, M.; Abuş, M.N. Rain Water Harvesting in a Garden House Sample. Int. J. Agric. Wildl. Sci. 2018 , 4 , 209–215. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ] [ Green Version ]
• İlhan, A. Towards a new water policy, water management in Turkey, alternatives and suggestions. In Social Change Association , 1st ed.; Eylul Ofset: Istanbul, Turkey, 2011; p. 191. ISBN 978-605-62639-0-3. [ Google Scholar ]
• Üstün, G.E.; Can, T.; Küçük, G. Rainwater Harvesting in Buildings, Uludag University. J. Eng. Fac. 2020 , 25 , 1593–1610. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Hämmerling, M.; Kocięcka, J.; Liberacki, D. Analysis of the Possibilities of Rainwater Harvesting Based on the AHP Method. Rocz. Ochr. Sr. 2020 , 22 , 294–307. [ Google Scholar ]
• Kantaroğlu, Ö. Rainwater harvest planning and calculation principles. IX. In Proceedings of the National Plumbing Engineering Congress, MMO Tepekule Convention and Exhibition Center, İzmir, Turkey, 6–9 May 2009; pp. 1147–1151. [ Google Scholar ]
• Mrozik, K.; Idczak, P. The capacity of ecosystem services in small water retention measures. Ekon. I Sr. Econ. Environ. 2017 , 62 , 12. [ Google Scholar ]
• Tanık, A. Rainwater Collection, Combining and Reuse. In Proceedings of the Water Resources and Cities Conference, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey, 25–27 October 2017; pp. 3–10. [ Google Scholar ]
• Yeniçeri, M. Harvesting of Rain Water and Active Use In Agricultural Irrigation. J. Disaster Risk 2018 , 1 , 126–136. [ Google Scholar ]
• Yetik, AK.; Şen, B. Importance and Techniques of Water Harvesting Systems. Turk. J. Agric. Food Sci. Technol. 2020 , 8 , 46–53. [ Google Scholar ]
• Richards, S.; Rao, L.; Connelly, S.; Raj, A.; Raveendran, L.; Shirin, S.; Jamwal, P.; Helliwell, R. Sustainable water resources through harvesting rainwater and the effectiveness of a low-cost water treatment. J. Environ. Manag. 2021 , 286 , 112223. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ] [ PubMed ]
• Hacisalihoğlu, S. Contribution of Water Harvesting Practices to the Sustainability of Rural Areas: Bursa Karacabey Case Study. OKU J. Inst. Sci. Technol. 2022 , 5 , 767–782. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Jean Charles, M. Rainwater Harvesting Systems for Communities in Developing Countries. Master’ Thesis, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA, 2007. Available online: https://cee.eng.usf.edu/PeaceCorps/5%20-%20Resources/Theses/Water/2007JeanCharles.pdf (accessed on 1 May 2023). Copyright © Milagros JeanCharles 2007.
• Morey, A.; Dhurve, B.; Haste, V.; Wasnik, B. Rainwater Harvesting System. Int. Res. J. Eng. Technol. 2016 , 3 , 2158–2162. [ Google Scholar ]
• Loper, S.A.; McMordie Stoughton, K.L. Rainwater Harvesting Potential Maps, (No. PNNL-25498 Rev 1) ; Pacific Northwest National Lab (PNNL): Richland, WA, USA, 2019. [ Google Scholar ]
• Yawalkar, R.; Ingole, S.; Derkar, S.; Gaurkar, M.; Kawle, S.; Hingwe, G. Rainwater Harvestıng by Rooftop Method. Int. Res. J. Eng. Technol. (IRJET) 2021 , 8 , 1988–1991. [ Google Scholar ]
• Oweis, T.; Prinz, D.; Hachum, A. Water Harvesting. Indigenous Knowledge for the Future of the Drier Environments ; International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA): Aleppo, Syria, 2001; p. 40. [ Google Scholar ]
• Abu Hammad, A.; Borresen, T.; Haugen, L.E. Effect of rain characteristics and terracing on runoff and erosion under the Mediterranean. Soil Tillage Res. 2006 , 87 , 39–47. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Örs, İ.; Safi, S.; Ünlükara, A.; Yürekli, K. Water Harvesting Techniques, Structures and Their Impacts. J. Agric. Sci. Res. 2011 , 4 , 65–71. [ Google Scholar ]
• Yannopoulos, S.; Antoniou, G.; Kaiafa-Saropoulou, M.; Angelakis, A. Historical development of rainwater harvesting and use in Hellas: A preliminary review. Water Supply 2017 , 17 , 1022–1034. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Öziş, Ü. Ancient Water Structures in Anatolia in Terms of Water Engineering History ; Dokuz Eylül University Engineering-Architecture Faculty Publications: İzmir, Turkey, 1987; p. 226. [ Google Scholar ]
• Selimoğlu, P.; Yamaçlı, R. A Structural Study on Sustainable Rainwater Harvesting. J. Sustain. Eng. Appl. Technol. Dev. 2022 , 5 , 210–231. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Yannopoulos, S.; Giannopoulou, I.; Kaiafa-Saropoulou, M. Investigation of the Current Situation and Prospects for the Development of Rainwater Harvesting as a Tool to Confront Water Scarcity Worldwide. Water 2019 , 11 , 2168. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ] [ Green Version ]
• Verbist, K.; Cornelis, W.M.; Gabriels, D.; Alaerts, K.; Soto, G. Using an inverse modelling approach to evaluate the water retention in a simple water harvesting technique. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 2009 , 13 , 1979–1992. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ] [ Green Version ]
• Shakya, B.; Thanju, J.P. Technical guidelines for installation of rainwater harvesting system and its operation. Hydro Nepal J. Water Energy Environ. 2013 , 12 , 45–51. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ] [ Green Version ]
• Gould, J. Rainwater Harvesting for Domestic Supply. In Rainwater Harvesting for Agriculture and Water Supply ; Springer Science+Business Media Singapore and Science Press: Beijing, China, 2015; pp. 235–268. Available online: http://hydro.engr.scu.edu/files/shared/Gould2015_Chapter_RainwaterHarvestingForDomestic.pdf (accessed on 1 May 2023).
• Ling, E.; Benham, B.L. Rainwater Harvesting Systems. Virginia Cooperative Extension ; Virginia Tech, Virginia State University, Lecture Notes: Blacksburg, VI, USA, 2014. [ Google Scholar ]
• Pradhan, R.; Sahoo, J. Smart Rainwater Management: New Technologies and Innovation. In Smart Urban Development ; IntechOpen: Rijeka, Croatia, 2019. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ] [ Green Version ]
• Singh, V.P. Elementary Hydrology ; Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA, 1992. [ Google Scholar ]
• Toyran, C. Rain Harvesting Potential in Urban Areas and Its Use in Landscape: Case Study of Buyukcekmece District, Istanbul. Master’s Thesis, Yıldız Technical University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey, 2022; p. 152. [ Google Scholar ]
• Texas A&M Agrilife, Rainwaterharvesting, “Rainwater Harvesting”. Available online: https://rainwaterharvesting.tamu.edu/conveyance, (accessed on 1 May 2023).
• Abdulla, F.A.; Al-Shareef, A.W. Roof rainwater harvesting systems for household water supply in Jordan. Desalination 2009 , 243 , 195–207. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Worm, J.; Hattum, T.V. Rainwater Harvesting for Domestic Use, Agrodok 43 ; Agromisa Foundation and CA: Wageningen, The Netherlands, 2006; p. 82. ISBN 90-8573-053-8/92-9081-330-X. [ Google Scholar ]
• Che-Ani, AI.; Shaari, N.; Sairi, A.; Zain, M.F.M.; Tahir, M.M. Rainwater Harvesting as an Alternative Water Supply in The Future. Eur. J. Sci. Res. 2009 , 34 , 132–140. [ Google Scholar ]
• Stringer, A.; Vogel, J.; Lay, J.; Nask, K. Design of Rainwater Harvesting Systems in Oklahoma ; Division of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service, BAE-1757; Oklahoma State University: Stillwater, OK, USA, 2017. [ Google Scholar ]
• Texas Water Development Board, Texas Manual on Rainwater Harvesting, Austin, TX. 2005. Available online: https://www.twdb.texas.gov (accessed on 1 May 2023).
• Gould, J.E.; McPherson, H.J. Bacteriological Quality of Rainwater in Roof and Ground Catchment Systems in Botswana. Water Int. 1987 , 12 , 135–138. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Prinz, D.; Malik, A.H. Runoff Farming ; Institute of Water Resources Management, Hydraulic and Rural Engineering, Dept. of Rural Engineering: Karlsruhe, Germany, 2002. [ Google Scholar ]
• Oweis, T.; Hachum, A. Water harvesting and supplemental irrigation for improved water productivity of dry farming systems in West Asia and North Africa. Agric. Water Manag. 2005 , 80 , 57–73. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Prinz, D. Water harvesting for afforestation in dry areas. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Rainwater Catchment Systems, Mannheim, Germany, 10–14 September 2001; pp. 195–198. [ Google Scholar ]
• El Amami, S. Une nouvelle conception des aménagements hydrauliques en Tunisie in La gestion de nos ressources en eau douce. Impact Sci. Société Paris 1983 , 1 , 61–68. [ Google Scholar ]
• Ben Mechlia, N.; Ouessar, M. Water harvesting systems in Tunisia. In Indigenous Water Harvesting Systems in West Asia and North Africa ; International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA): Aleppo, Syria, 2004; pp. 19–41. [ Google Scholar ]
• Oweis, T.; Prinz, D.; Hachum, A.Y. Rainwater Harvesting for Agriculture in the Dry Areas ; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2012; p. 266. ISBN 9780429185168. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Wright, P. Soil and water conservation as a starting point for rural forestry: The Oxfam project in Ouahigouya, Burkina Faso. Rural. Afr. 1985 , 23 , 79–86. [ Google Scholar ]
• Morgan, P. Rural Water Supplies and Sanitation ; Macmillan Publishers Ltd.: London, UK, 1990; p. 358. ISBN 0333485696. [ Google Scholar ]
• Kumar, S. Rainwater Harvesting ; Indian Railways Institute of Civil Engineering: Pune, India, 2006; p. 411011. [ Google Scholar ]
• NWRM, Natural Water Retention Measures, European Comission. Available online: http://nwrm.eu (accessed on 26 March 2023).
• Xie, J.; Wu, C.; Li, H.; Chen, G. Study on Stormwater Management of Grassed Swales and Permeable Pavement Based on SWMM. Water 2017 , 9 , 840. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ] [ Green Version ]
• Yuen, E.; Anda, M.; Mathew, K.; Ho, G. Water Harvesting Techniques for Small Communities in Arid Areas. Water Sci. Technol. 2001 , 44 , 189–195. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Chahar, B.R.; Graillot, D.; Gaur, S. Stormwater Management Through Infiltration Trenches. J. Irrig. Drain. Eng. 2012 , 138 , 274–281. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ] [ Green Version ]
• VA, “Rainwater Harvesting,” Virginia Stormwater Design Specification No. 6, 2013. Vermont Department of Enviromental Conservation, “Vegetated Swales”. Available online: https://dec.vermont.gov/sites/dec/files/documents/LakeWiseInfoSheet_VegetatedSwales.pdf (accessed on 22 October 2022).
• Demir, D. The Comparison of Conventional Rainwater Management Systems and Sustainable Rainwater Management Systems: ITU Ayazağa Campus Example. Ph.D. Thesis, Istanbul Technical University/Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey, 2012. [ Google Scholar ]
• NRCS, “Rain Gardens” Natural Resource Conservation Service. 2005. Available online: https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcs142p2_011366.pdf (accessed on 12 September 2022).
• Ünal, A.; Akyüz, D.E. Assessment of swales in sustainable urban drainage systems. Int. J. Sustain. Eng. Technol. 2017 , 1 , 15–24. [ Google Scholar ]
• Külekçi, E.A. Green roof systems from past to today and study on the determination of quality standards in the green roof. ATA J. Plan. Des. 2017 , 1 , 35–53. [ Google Scholar ]
• Peck, S.W.; Monica, K. Design Guidelines for Green Roofs|WorldCat.org ; Ontario Association of Architects: Toronto, ON, Canada, 2003. [ Google Scholar ]
• Khouri, J.; Salih, A.M.A.; Abdulrazzak, M.; Kallel, MR.; Adam, H. Rainfall Water Management in the Arab Region: State of the Art Report ; UNESCO Regional Office for Science and Technology for the Arab States: Paris, France, 1995; p. 147. [ Google Scholar ]
• Oweis, T.; Hachum, A.; Bruggeman, A. Indigenous Water-Harvesting System in West Asia and North Africa ; Mosul University, ICARDA: Aleppo, Syria, 2004; p. 173. ISBN 92-9127-147X:4-20. [ Google Scholar ]
• Ouessar, M.; Sghaier, M.; Mahdhi, N.; Abdelli, F.; De Graaff, J.; Chaieb, H.; Gabriels, D. An integrated approach for impact assessment of water harvesting techniques in dry areas: The case of Oued Oum Zessar watershed (Tunisia). Environ. Monit. Assess. 2004 , 99 , 127–140. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ] [ PubMed ]
• Şahin, N.İ.; Manioğlu, G. Using Rainwater in Buildings. X ; National Plumbing Engineering Congress: İzmir, Turkey, 2011; Volume 125, pp. 21–32. [ Google Scholar ]
• Prinz, D. Water Harvesting-Past and Future. In Sustainability of Irrigated Agriculture ; Pereira, L.S., Feddes, R.A., Gilley, J.R., Lesaffre, B., Eds.; NATO ASI Series; Springer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1996; Volume 312, pp. 137–168. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ] [ Green Version ]
• Long-Year Climate Data for Antalya Province. 2023. Available online: https://www.mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?m=ANTALYA (accessed on 15 April 2023).
• Baytorun, A.N.; Zaimoğlu, Z.; Ünlü, M. Determination of Harvesting and Storage Capacity of Rain Water in Greenhouse. Establ. Turk. J. Agric. Food Sci. Technol. 2019 , 7 , 22–29. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ] [ Green Version ]
• Saka, A.K.; Sarıbaş, H.Ş.; Özer, H. Effect of different plant densities on organic tomato cultivation in the greenhouse. Acad. J. Agric. 2017 , 6 , 1–8. [ Google Scholar ]
• Zabeltitz, C. Integrated Greenhouse Systems for Mild Climates: Climate Conditions, Design, Construction, Maintenance, Climate Control ; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2011; pp. 285–311. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Water Usage Service Fee Tariffs. 2023. Available online: https://cdniys.tarimorman.gov.tr/api/File/GetFile/425/Sayfa/738/1086/DosyaGaleri/2022yilisukullanimhizmetbedelitarifeleri2.pdf?layout=modal (accessed on 1 June 2023).

Click here to enlarge figure

Share and Cite

Ertop, H.; Kocięcka, J.; Atilgan, A.; Liberacki, D.; Niemiec, M.; Rolbiecki, R. The Importance of Rainwater Harvesting and Its Usage Possibilities: Antalya Example (Turkey). Water 2023 , 15 , 2194. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15122194

Ertop H, Kocięcka J, Atilgan A, Liberacki D, Niemiec M, Rolbiecki R. The Importance of Rainwater Harvesting and Its Usage Possibilities: Antalya Example (Turkey). Water . 2023; 15(12):2194. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15122194

Ertop, Hasan, Joanna Kocięcka, Atilgan Atilgan, Daniel Liberacki, Marcin Niemiec, and Roman Rolbiecki. 2023. "The Importance of Rainwater Harvesting and Its Usage Possibilities: Antalya Example (Turkey)" Water 15, no. 12: 2194. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15122194

Article Metrics

Article access statistics, further information, mdpi initiatives, follow mdpi.

Subscribe to receive issue release notifications and newsletters from MDPI journals

Essay Rainwater Harvesting

Introduction

We often tell our children that water is precious and that we must not waste it. But have you wondered how many gallons of water are wasted during the rains? We get torrential downpours in the rainy season, and this water is washed away without finding any actual purpose. Through the essay rainwater harvesting, we can teach children the importance and benefits of preserving rainwater.

Though it is true that rains nourish plants and trees and help in their growth, it is disturbing to note how much rainwater is run through the drains. Rainwater harvesting is a method of collecting and storing rainwater to use for later purposes. This method of conserving water is highly beneficial considering the situation of water scarcity that we are facing today. The following essay on rainwater harvesting PDF will briefly discuss it, and children will be able to easily write a short essay on rainwater harvesting.

Importance of Rainwater Harvesting

Water scarcity is the greatest concern now, and it is even assumed that the next war will be fought for water. Hence, it is vital to preserve the water we get through the rain as it is essential for our sustenance. With the help of this essay on rainwater harvesting PDF, we will be able to understand the significance of rainwater harvesting.

Rainwater harvesting is a simple and the most economical way of water conservation . We find it difficult to meet our daily water needs if we rely only on surface water. Besides, most of the water we get is polluted, which adds to the problem of water scarcity. By harvesting rainwater, we can ensure that water will be at our hand’s reach to meet our demands.

The short essay on rainwater harvesting points out that the excessive use of groundwater by people leads to its shortage. Deforestation and urbanisation are also contributing factors to this problem. Hence, there must be an alternative solution to maintain the level of groundwater. Rainwater is the purest form of water, and it can be utilised for several purposes. Rainwater harvesting also prevents the logging of water on roads and soil erosion. Thus, the essay rainwater harvesting emphasises that rainwater harvesting is the best alternative to conserve water.

Methods of Rainwater Harvesting

Rainwater harvesting is a feasible and simple method that anyone can practise. In this part of the essay rainwater harvesting, we will see different methods of harvesting rainwater. We will also discuss surface runoff harvesting and rooftop rainwater harvesting methods in this short essay on rainwater harvesting.

In surface runoff harvesting, we collect the water that is runoff from the surface by making a pathway to a big storage tank. The water collected from roads, parks and gardens can be stored for a long period in large amounts, which can be later used for cooking or drinking after filtering properly. For rooftop harvesting, the roof of a house or building acts as a rainwater collecting and storage unit. The roof is fitted with pipes that collect rainwater and direct it to a tank. Instead of letting the rainwater fall on the ground, this method is convenient for conserving water.

Children will be able to realise the importance of rainwater harvesting through this short essay on rainwater harvesting. You can easily download the essay on rainwater harvesting PDF from our website. Apart from the essay rainwater harvesting, we have a lot more interesting content for kids learning .

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the purpose of rainwater harvesting.

As the country is facing water scarcity, we must prevent the wastage of water and preserve it. Rainwater harvesting is a simple technique to conserve water that does not cost us anything.

How can we harvest rainwater?

We can harvest rainwater either through surface runoff or rooftop harvesting, in which rainwater is collected in a tank, which is then filtered to remove impurities and further use for various purposes.

Leave a Comment Cancel reply

Your Mobile number and Email id will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Request OTP on Voice Call

Post My Comment

Register with BYJU'S & Download Free PDFs

Register with byju's & watch live videos.

When Maui Burned

I am a fourth-generation Hawaii resident. The Lahaina fire brought me closer to my roots.

To some people, the story began in a dusty field, gone wild with invasive grass. It was a story about high winds and sparks turning to flames. It was a story about harrowing escapes and people fleeing in terror, the lucky ones rushing into the ocean as the deadly wildfire devoured an entire town. Those were the stories most people heard. Those were the stories most people told. But those of us who know this place and know its history know there is so much more.

Last summer, right around this time, the wind tore through the trees for two days and nights, pushed along by Hurricane Dora as it churned south of the archipelago. The giant mango tree that hung over our new home in Haiku, on the North Shore of Maui, whipped around, hurling large branches that crashed onto the roof above us. I huddled in bed with my two young children. I had moved with my family back to Hawaii—the islands where I was born and raised, where my family has lived for generations—just 12 days before.

When the winds died down, we surveyed the damage on our property. A eucalyptus tree had crushed a fence, our mailbox had been blown out of the ground. But we were fine. Then my phone started lighting up with text messages from friends and family and breaking-news alerts. While we were sheltering in our home, winds had ripped across the island at up to 80 miles an hour, knocking over large trees and electric poles, igniting several fires that then raced through forests, cattle ranches, and old, abandoned sugar-plantation fields now overgrown with invasive grasses and baked by years of drought. The town of Lahaina burned to the ground in a matter of hours; 102 people were killed.

Read: Maui’s fire risk was glowing red

The scale of this sudden disaster was shocking. For weeks afterward, the entire island was in a state of panic and chaos. In Lahaina, people had scattered suddenly in the rush to escape the fire, and cellphone and internet services were down. It would take weeks before anxious families would have answers and the missing were located, dead or alive.

Those of us who were not directly affected by the fires were wandering around trying to figure out how we could help. Facebook became the central information hub: We are in Lahaina in our home. Ran out of food … Searching for my 19 year old little sister … does anyone have a solar-powered generator? … We have one convoy going into Lahaina right now. Next convoy at 12pm. Need propane, gas in containers, walkie talkies … I’m a pilot on Oahu, trying to coordinate flights getting supplies into Kapalua Airport … Two private owned boats from [Big Island] filled with supplies coming right to Lahaina beach tomorrow. This is our islands, our families and we not waiting for official approval. It is coming ohana! Hang tight!

The U.S. military, which has a large presence on the islands, responded quickly—it was the Coast Guard that rescued many people from the water during the fire. And although it took several days for the Red Cross and FEMA to get organized on the ground, the local community had immediately sprung into action. Supplies had been sent by truck, motorboat, and jet ski to Lahaina from day one. In this moment of despair, the people of these islands pulled together like a powerful magnetic force. I had landed back home in the midst of a massive crisis, but I was glad to be here—my heart swelled with pride for these people, this place. Haoles (white people), Hawaiians, Asians, hapas (mixed-race people), old-time kama‘āina (locals), and new transplants all pushed up their sleeves and lent a hand in whatever way they could.

One of my sisters is a veterinarian on Maui, and she volunteered to care for rescued pets from Lahaina, whose paws and fur were burned during their escapes. Another of my sisters lives on Oahu, where she works as a hospital director and nurse. She came to treat the injured and displaced in the main county shelter. How could I help? There was one obvious option. I had spent more than two decades working as a reporter, editor, producer, and filmmaker. Hundreds of journalists from around the world were suddenly descending on our island—many of them with little to no understanding of this place, the political landscape, the cultural nuances. Maybe I could help.

Hawaii is a place that many outsiders have visited but that few actually know. Ever since European sailors chanced upon this archipelago in the middle of the Pacific in 1778, these islands have been claimed and colonized, pillaged for natural resources, then packaged and sold to outsiders for profit. For centuries, visitors have projected their own fantasies on Hawaii while the Native people have suffered immeasurable losses of life, land, and culture. For more than 200 years, waves of immigrant settlers have built a complex multiethnic community here with a strong sense of local identity.

Not Native, not tourist, I inhabit the in-between space of many mixed-race descendants of early immigrants here. I was born and raised on the island of Oahu, in the small beach town of Kailua. I left Hawaii at 18 to attend college in California, then stayed in the San Francisco Bay Area for my journalism career. I often missed the warmth and rich culture of the islands—I had come home for brief stints in my 20s and 30s—but it wasn’t until last summer, with my husband and two young children in tow, that I decided to move back for good.

Returning to the islands was in some ways disorienting—I had been gone for so many years. Insider, outsider, belonging, not belonging, I have known these islands from both sides. In the end I was pulled back across the Pacific to be near my family, who’ve lived here for generations. Almost 150 years ago, my ancestors arrived in Hawaii on ships from southern China, fleeing poverty and civil war, hoping to plant the seeds of a new life in Hawaii’s soil. The islands were still an independent kingdom ruled by a Hawaiian king, but the lords of foreign-owned sugar plantations reigned with ever more political and economic power.

Some of my ancestors worked the soil to support those sugar plantations; they lived through the rise and fall of the plantation era. In Honolulu, my great-grandparents witnessed the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy, in 1893 , when U.S. troops marched through the streets—the last Hawaiian queen was later imprisoned in a coup. My grandparents and my father were born in Hawaii when it was a U.S. territory. They crouched in fear during the bombing of Pearl Harbor and lived through Hawaii’s transformation to statehood in 1959, then the development boom and mass tourism era that followed.

Through my father’s Chinese family I have roots here, but through my haole mother I grew wings—it was her adventurous spirit that brought her to Hawaii in the late 1960s. She met and married a local boy and created a multiracial family here just two years after the Supreme Court struck down laws forbidding interracial marriage . My mixed-race family is part of Hawaii’s unique history, as well: Our island state is home to by far the largest share of multiracial people in the country, in part because people came from all over the world to work at our plantations long ago.

When you grow up in Hawaii, the tumultuous history and complex culture of this place are the threads from which your life is woven—and there are many knots and tangles. My sisters and I grew up entrenched in Hawaiian cultural practices in a traditional hālau , or “hula school,” in our hometown, while at the same time learning the rules of engagement in American high society at Punahou, a prestigious missionary-founded private school in Honolulu. Some of my best friends from childhood are the direct descendants of those early missionaries and sugar-plantation owners. Four of my nieces and nephews are Native Hawaiian. In my youth I was a budding environmentalist protesting the construction of seawalls and golf courses; my father was a city planner approving those kinds of developments. Many tangles, indeed.

A number of Native Hawaiians still view the U.S. government as an illegal invader here. Many locals, regardless of their ethnic background, feel a similar resentment for the millions of tourists who mob their neighborhood beaches, hiking paths, and roads every year. For newcomers, the misunderstandings about this place run deep. The distrust between insiders and outsiders is profound, a dynamic I saw exacerbated in the aftermath of the Lahaina fire. I took a freelance reporting-and-producing assignment that had me working with a reporter and a video producer who’d been sent to Hawaii from New York and Los Angeles. When they arrived, part of a media swarm descending on Maui from all over the world, I texted them my address in Haiku and they drove straight to my house.

Read: How not to write a travel essay about Hawaii

They were both smart, sensitive media professionals, eager to report on what was happening to Maui and its local community in this moment of crisis. Neither had been to Hawaii before, not even on vacation. I took a deep breath. We had a lot of catching up to do. In many ways I acted as a cultural ambassador: Take off your shoes when you enter someone’s home. Don’t ever honk your horn on the road, unless it’s an emergency. Strangers might hug and kiss you when you first meet. Every adult is called “uncle” and “auntie,” regardless of blood relation. These are baseline cultural behaviors in Hawaii, and if you don’t understand them, you’ll be marked as an outsider real quick.

The video producer was a “disaster” guy: He had covered the devastation in Houston after Hurricane Harvey in 2017; Puerto Rico after Hurricane Maria that same year; and Northern California’s Camp megafire in 2018. Though he knew little about Hawaii, it was clear why he had been sent on this assignment—he knew catastrophes.

The one main road to Lahaina had been closed for days since the fire for all but emergency responders and Lahaina residents. We went to work documenting the community relief effort that was blossoming in central and upcountry Maui and sending supplies back to Lahaina on the west side of the island, about 35 miles away. I knew of a woman who was sheltering 14 relatives who had escaped the fire but lost their home. Tiare Lawrence had grown up in Lahaina, in the same house that had just burned to the ground. She was a community activist who worked for a sustainable-farming project in central Maui and was an emerging leader for the Native Hawaiian community. I figured if anyone could show us what was really happening under the surface, it was her.

We spent several days with Tiare and her relatives at her home in Pukalani. Her garage and front yard had become a hub for donations intended for Lahaina survivors: Cases of bottled water, toilet paper, dried-soup packets, and propane tanks were stacked on her front porch and spilled out into the yard. Tiare’s cousin Dustin Kaleiopu, who had run from his burning house with his brother and his 81-year-old grandfather, sat with us and recounted their story. Several other relatives and neighbors were gathered in the driveway next door around a foldout table, organizing a cash-donation system for affected families on Instagram. Every so often, a car would pull up and unload supplies or a tray of fried rice for the crew. There were tears and long hugs. Information was shared about who was safe and who was not. Many were still in shock, eyes bloodshot with exhaustion, running on anxiety and adrenaline.

On one hand, I watched my community pull together; on the other, I worked as a reporter and producer covering the fires. In the echo chamber of the international disaster-media vortex, everyone was watching everyone else and measuring up—it was a race to reach the most viewers and attract the most clicks. The island was overrun with journalists at that point. We’d pull up to a rural beach park or a roadside pullout and there would be news van after news van, parked in a row, as if in a parade—it was a carnival of horror seekers, and I was ashamed to be part of it.

In the explosion of media stories about Lahaina, there was tremendous pressure to deliver the kinds of stories that would shock and disturb: Tourists floundering in the ocean while the town burned at their backs. Children trapped in burning homes as they tried to escape. The lucky older person who limped away as their retirement home, and their friends, burned behind them. Many of the news teams rushing around the island were reporting back to editors sitting at desks thousands of miles away. In this bizarre game of telephone, misunderstandings were bound to happen.

Take, for example, the Lahaina banyan tree, which became a symbol in the media for Lahaina itself. So many stories were told about the loss of this gargantuan tree in the center of Lahaina’s now-devastated Front Street. From the outside, it seemed like an irresistible story. The problem was that the banyan tree was not the symbol of Lahaina’s rich cultural heritage that many imagined it to be.

Most of the journalists who parachuted in from elsewhere didn’t realize that Lahaina’s banyan tree was brought over from India and planted in 1873 by William Owen Smith , a sheriff and the son of American Protestant missionaries, to commemorate 50 years of missionary presence in Lahaina. These were the same missionaries who banned Hawaiian language, dance, religion, and other cultural practices throughout the islands and forced Native Hawaiians into stiff, hot, European-style clothing. Smith himself was one of the key actors in the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy in 1893 by a gang of men, most of them missionary descendants with ties to sugar plantations. This is not a history that is celebrated by many Hawaiians. But without a basic understanding of Hawaii’s history, much of the national media reporting on Maui had the story scrambled.

Read: How to save a dying language

The history of the town of Lahaina itself invokes similarly complex feelings. During my lifetime, the Lahaina area has been a hot, dry, desertlike region covered with prickly shrubs and dry grass; the town, a low-rise tourist magnet crowded with shops selling tropical knickknacks. It wasn’t always this way. An early name for Lahaina was Malu ‘Ulu o Lele, a reference to the groves of ‘ulu (breadfruit) that shaded the village. Early written accounts by foreign visitors also tell of vast fields of kalo (taro) and a network of stream-fed irrigation channels and fishponds. When the British captain George Vancouver visited Lahaina in the 1790s, he reportedly called it the “Venice of the Pacific” because of its many waterways. The streams that ran from the mountains through the valley to the shore at Lahaina gathered in a series of fishponds—the largest, Mokuhinia, was located in what later became Lahaina’s commercial center. The pond was estimated to be at least 10 acres in size and contained a small island, Moku‘ula, that was sacred to Hawaiian royalty.

Lahaina, once the capital of the Hawaiian Kingdom, was transformed dramatically by successive waves of foreigners. The whaling ships began arriving in 1819, and a Western-style town with brothels and inns sprang up around the harbor. With every wave of visitors, Hawaiians were exposed to Western diseases like smallpox, measles, and syphilis, which killed thousands of people. Next were the American Protestant missionaries, who built churches and schools and got to work changing the culture of their hosts. Then, in the 1860s, many of the sons of those first American missionaries saw wealth and opportunity in sugar. Lahaina transformed again, this time from a rowdy whaling port to a bustling plantation town. The ‘ulu groves and lowland forests were slashed and burned to make way for sugar plantations, and streams were diverted to water sugarcane fields. The town of Lahaina and the valley above it dried up and became the desert landscape I have always known it to be.

In 1901, shortly after Hawaii was annexed as a U.S. territory, a large hotel was built on the edge of Lahaina’s harbor to welcome American travelers; many more would follow. During this period, Mokuhinia was drained and paved over with a parking lot and a baseball park. The royal island of Moku‘ula now lies under three feet of compacted dirt surrounded by asphalt. Only the name of the rather shabby county park that replaced it carries a whisper of this sacred site: Malu Ulu Olele Park.

By the 1960s, tiny Lahaina, with its seemingly endless sunshine, had become one of the islands’ tourism hot spots. By the time I was growing up, many longtime kama‘āina thought Lahaina had long since become a tourist trap. It was yet another sad reminder of how Hawaii’s land and traditional culture had been paved over, packaged, and sold.

The morning of August 16, eight days after the Lahaina fire started, the main road to the area reopened to the public. My colleagues and I piled into one car; I drove so the guys could film and take notes. Many people were reentering Lahaina for the first time since the fire, and there was a brittle, anxious energy all around. There were demonstrators on the side of the highway, ominously silent, dressed in black, urging us with signs to respect the dead. We were aware that media and visitors were not wanted there by much of the local community, which put me, in particular, on edge.

Lahaina’s downtown was still a smoldering, toxic wasteland littered with the concrete shells of buildings and the twisted metal frames of vehicles that were swept up in the fire as drivers tried to escape. Front Street was completely blocked off, but as we wound through the outskirts of town, we passed through one neighborhood that stunned us all into silence. Wahikuli Terrace ran just alongside the main highway, block after block, barren and exposed, a scorched skeleton of a subdivision. The video producer had rolled down the window to film, but the smells of carnage immediately filled the car: smoke, ash, and the fumes of burned asphalt, asbestos, plastic, and tar. I grabbed a mask and motioned for him to roll up the window.

Alan Taylor: Photos from Lahaina, after the fires

We drove through the neighborhood where the fire allegedly started, and we scanned the burned field the fire had raced through to reach the town—former sugar-plantation lands. We also drove to the base of Leiali‘i, a neighborhood created by the state government for Native Hawaiian residents. A group of men stood posted at the road entrance, arms crossed, next to a Hawaiian flag flying upside down, a symbol of the Hawaiian Kingdom in distress. A spray-painted sign hanging on a nearby fence made the message very clear: TOURIST KEEP OUT.

We stopped at a beach park to set up for an interview. Just offshore, a helicopter was scooping up seawater with a large bucket, then flying overhead to dump it up the hill from us. More than a week after August 8, the Lahaina fire was still only 85 percent contained. Past the helicopter, the green peaks of the West Maui Mountains drew up like muscular shoulders. Valley after valley, peak after peak, in both directions. That is where Lahaina’s water battles are still being fought. Those green peaks collect the rainwater that flows down into the valleys; those valleys hold the streams that used to flow to the shore but were diverted to plantations more than a century ago—and are still being diverted by real-estate developers building luxury estates . The Maui community’s response to a catastrophe, I realized, was also a story about the ongoing catastrophe that has been inflicted on Hawaii for centuries. The drama around the fire was just the latest installment.

Here I was, among other journalists, skating around on the surface of the disaster. But the real story was so much deeper and darker, full of greed and grit. We point fingers at the electric company with its rotting poles and slow response, the county’s lack of warning sirens, the police who blocked the exit roads. Yes, those things did happen and should be addressed. But viewing the Lahaina fire only through the lens of these bureaucratic failures allows us all to ignore a history of land grabs and water wars that have shaped Hawaii’s history—and are still shaping Hawaii’s present.

People might believe that if we just bury our electric lines, shut down power during windstorms, and have emergency-exit plans, everything will be fine. In the meantime, we can keep cutting down forests and diverting streams for luxury developments and planting monocrop commercial agriculture that degrades the soil until it turns to dust. We can keep overconsuming and treating the planet like it’s our personal shopping mall and garbage dump. We can keep ignoring the tree huggers and naysayers and Native people who have been warning us about these foolish and dangerous behaviors for centuries.

After the fire, a new energy to these decades-long battles over Maui’s land and water was palpable. The feeling running through the community was: Maybe now they will listen. Now is the moment for change. Native Hawaiians, environmentalists, and other local residents were galvanized by the Lahaina tragedy—the stakes were suddenly higher, the consequences of apathy or inaction much clearer in the charred remains of this town. There was a rallying cry to release the West Maui streams, to reforest the old plantation lands, to replant the famous ‘ulu groves , and to restore the waterways , the fishpond of Mokuhinia, and the sacred island of Moku‘ula. The governor has voiced support for some of these ideas, but Lahaina real-estate developers and landowners have also cried foul. This part of the story has yet to be written.

The rest of the islands’ communities are watching and waiting. The same kinds of land and water conflicts happening on Maui are playing out all across the state—and around the world. Lahaina’s tragedy allowed those conflicts to be seen more clearly. But it’s not the first, and it certainly won’t be the last; there will be other tragedies in other places. With climate change, there will be more and more every year.

How many tragedies will it take before we adjust our thinking and change our ways? Here in Hawaii, the streams are still being diverted for golf courses and luxury developments while the valleys run dry. The land is still being divided up and sold off to the highest bidder. The earliest missionaries and sugar oligarchs are still celebrated as founding fathers. And those of us who call this place home continue to wonder where our story will lead.

This article was adapted from Carrie Ching’s forthcoming book, a reported memoir about Hawaii, colonialism, and climate change.

About the Author