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Direct and Indirect Speech

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Direct and Indirect Speech: Useful Rules and Examples

Are you having trouble understanding the difference between direct and indirect speech? Direct speech is when you quote someone’s exact words, while indirect speech is when you report what someone said without using their exact words. This can be a tricky concept to grasp, but with a little practice, you’ll be able to use both forms of speech with ease.

Direct and Indirect Speech

When someone speaks, we can report what they said in two ways: direct speech and indirect speech. Direct speech is when we quote the exact words that were spoken, while indirect speech is when we report what was said without using the speaker’s exact words. Here’s an example:

Direct speech: “I love pizza,” said John. Indirect speech: John said that he loved pizza.

Using direct speech can make your writing more engaging and can help to convey the speaker’s tone and emotion. However, indirect speech can be useful when you want to summarize what someone said or when you don’t have the exact words that were spoken.

To change direct speech to indirect speech, you need to follow some rules. Firstly, you need to change the tense of the verb in the reported speech to match the tense of the reporting verb. Secondly, you need to change the pronouns and adverbs in the reported speech to match the new speaker. Here’s an example:

Direct speech: “I will go to the park,” said Sarah. Indirect speech: Sarah said that she would go to the park.

It’s important to note that when you use indirect speech, you need to use reporting verbs such as “said,” “told,” or “asked” to indicate who is speaking. Here’s an example:

Direct speech: “What time is it?” asked Tom. Indirect speech: Tom asked what time it was.

In summary, understanding direct and indirect speech is crucial for effective communication and writing. Direct speech can be used to convey the speaker’s tone and emotion, while indirect speech can be useful when summarizing what someone said. By following the rules for changing direct speech to indirect speech, you can accurately report what was said while maintaining clarity and readability in your writing.

Differences between Direct and Indirect Speech

When it comes to reporting speech, there are two ways to go about it: direct and indirect speech. Direct speech is when you report someone’s exact words, while indirect speech is when you report what someone said without using their exact words. Here are some of the key differences between direct and indirect speech:

Change of Pronouns

In direct speech, the pronouns used are those of the original speaker. However, in indirect speech, the pronouns have to be changed to reflect the perspective of the reporter. For example:

• Direct speech: “I am going to the store,” said John.
• Indirect speech: John said he was going to the store.

In the above example, the pronoun “I” changes to “he” in indirect speech.

Change of Tenses

Another major difference between direct and indirect speech is the change of tenses. In direct speech, the verb tense used is the same as that used by the original speaker. However, in indirect speech, the verb tense may change depending on the context. For example:

• Direct speech: “I am studying for my exams,” said Sarah.
• Indirect speech: Sarah said she was studying for her exams.

In the above example, the present continuous tense “am studying” changes to the past continuous tense “was studying” in indirect speech.

Change of Time and Place References

When reporting indirect speech, the time and place references may also change. For example:

• Direct speech: “I will meet you at the park tomorrow,” said Tom.
• Indirect speech: Tom said he would meet you at the park the next day.

In the above example, “tomorrow” changes to “the next day” in indirect speech.

Overall, it is important to understand the differences between direct and indirect speech to report speech accurately and effectively. By following the rules of direct and indirect speech, you can convey the intended message of the original speaker.

Converting Direct Speech Into Indirect Speech

When you need to report what someone said in your own words, you can use indirect speech. To convert direct speech into indirect speech, you need to follow a few rules.

Step 1: Remove the Quotation Marks

The first step is to remove the quotation marks that enclose the relayed text. This is because indirect speech does not use the exact words of the speaker.

Step 2: Use a Reporting Verb and a Linker

To indicate that you are reporting what someone said, you need to use a reporting verb such as “said,” “asked,” “told,” or “exclaimed.” You also need to use a linker such as “that” or “whether” to connect the reporting verb to the reported speech.

For example:

• Direct speech: “I love ice cream,” said Mary.
• Indirect speech: Mary said that she loved ice cream.

Step 3: Change the Tense of the Verb

When you use indirect speech, you need to change the tense of the verb in the reported speech to match the tense of the reporting verb.

• Indirect speech: John said that he was going to the store.

Step 4: Change the Pronouns

You also need to change the pronouns in the reported speech to match the subject of the reporting verb.

• Direct speech: “Are you busy now?” Tina asked me.
• Indirect speech: Tina asked whether I was busy then.

By following these rules, you can convert direct speech into indirect speech and report what someone said in your own words.

Converting Indirect Speech Into Direct Speech

Converting indirect speech into direct speech involves changing the reported speech to its original form as spoken by the speaker. Here are the steps to follow when converting indirect speech into direct speech:

• Identify the reporting verb: The first step is to identify the reporting verb used in the indirect speech. This will help you determine the tense of the direct speech.
• Change the pronouns: The next step is to change the pronouns in the indirect speech to match the person speaking in the direct speech. For example, if the indirect speech is “She said that she was going to the store,” the direct speech would be “I am going to the store,” if you are the person speaking.
• Change the tense: Change the tense of the verbs in the indirect speech to match the tense of the direct speech. For example, if the indirect speech is “He said that he would visit tomorrow,” the direct speech would be “He says he will visit tomorrow.”
• Remove the reporting verb and conjunction: In direct speech, there is no need for a reporting verb or conjunction. Simply remove them from the indirect speech to get the direct speech.

Here is an example to illustrate the process:

Indirect Speech: John said that he was tired and wanted to go home.

Direct Speech: “I am tired and want to go home,” John said.

By following these steps, you can easily convert indirect speech into direct speech.

Examples of Direct and Indirect Speech

Direct and indirect speech are two ways to report what someone has said. Direct speech reports the exact words spoken by a person, while indirect speech reports the meaning of what was said. Here are some examples of both types of speech:

Direct Speech Examples

Direct speech is used when you want to report the exact words spoken by someone. It is usually enclosed in quotation marks and is often used in dialogue.

• “I am going to the store,” said Sarah.
• “It’s a beautiful day,” exclaimed John.
• “Please turn off the lights,” Mom told me.
• “I will meet you at the library,” said Tom.
• “We are going to the beach tomorrow,” announced Mary.

Indirect Speech Examples

Indirect speech, also known as reported speech, is used to report what someone said without using their exact words. It is often used in news reports, academic writing, and in situations where you want to paraphrase what someone said.

Here are some examples of indirect speech:

• Sarah said that she was going to the store.
• John exclaimed that it was a beautiful day.
• Mom told me to turn off the lights.
• Tom said that he would meet me at the library.
• Mary announced that they were going to the beach tomorrow.

In indirect speech, the verb tense may change to reflect the time of the reported speech. For example, “I am going to the store” becomes “Sarah said that she was going to the store.” Additionally, the pronouns and possessive adjectives may also change to reflect the speaker and the person being spoken about.

Overall, both direct and indirect speech are important tools for reporting what someone has said. By using these techniques, you can accurately convey the meaning of what was said while also adding your own interpretation and analysis.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is direct and indirect speech?

Direct and indirect speech refer to the ways in which we communicate what someone has said. Direct speech involves repeating the exact words spoken, using quotation marks to indicate that you are quoting someone. Indirect speech, on the other hand, involves reporting what someone has said without using their exact words.

How do you convert direct speech to indirect speech?

To convert direct speech to indirect speech, you need to change the tense of the verbs, pronouns, and time expressions. You also need to introduce a reporting verb, such as “said,” “told,” or “asked.” For example, “I love ice cream,” said Mary (direct speech) can be converted to “Mary said that she loved ice cream” (indirect speech).

What is the difference between direct speech and indirect speech?

The main difference between direct speech and indirect speech is that direct speech uses the exact words spoken, while indirect speech reports what someone has said without using their exact words. Direct speech is usually enclosed in quotation marks, while indirect speech is not.

What are some examples of direct and indirect speech?

Some examples of direct speech include “I am going to the store,” said John and “I love pizza,” exclaimed Sarah. Some examples of indirect speech include John said that he was going to the store and Sarah exclaimed that she loved pizza .

What are the rules for converting direct speech to indirect speech?

The rules for converting direct speech to indirect speech include changing the tense of the verbs, pronouns, and time expressions. You also need to introduce a reporting verb and use appropriate reporting verbs such as “said,” “told,” or “asked.”

What is a summary of direct and indirect speech?

Direct and indirect speech are two ways of reporting what someone has said. Direct speech involves repeating the exact words spoken, while indirect speech reports what someone has said without using their exact words. To convert direct speech to indirect speech, you need to change the tense of the verbs, pronouns, and time expressions and introduce a reporting verb.

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DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH: POWERPOINT PRESENTATION - 37 SLIDES

Subject: English

Age range: 7-11

Resource type: Lesson (complete)

Last updated

26 June 2021

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This PowerPoint Presentation is perfect for teaching Grammar - Direct and Indirect Speech. These no prep activities would be great for ELA lessons or ELA centers. Your students will love these exercises that are carefully planned for student engagement.

After attempting these New Bloom’s Taxonomy-based activities students will be able to:

• List the similarities and differences between direct and indirect speech.
• Identify the changes seen in adverbs, modal verbs and pronouns when converting direct into indirect speech.
• Identify the structure of the sentences when the speech is direct and indirect.
• Test their understanding of the changes seen in verb tenses when converting direct into indirect speech.
• Use commas, inverted commas and relevant end punctuation to mark direct speech and quotations.
• Use narrative techniques, such as dialogue to develop experiences, events and characters.

Here are some other possible uses for these in your classroom: ✿ To challenge early finishers ✿ For effective tutoring ✿ As ESL stations and sub tubs ✿ As holiday work and homework ✿ For small group collaborations ✿ For an end of unit assessments ✿ For reinforcement and enrichment

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ENGLISH GRAMMAR: POWERPOINT PRESENTATIONS - BUNDLE

This bundle of 6 products (PowerPoint Presentations) is perfect for teaching English Grammar. These no prep activities would be great for ELA lessons or ELA centers. Your students will love these exciting exercises that are excellent for student engagement. This bundle includes PowerPoint Presentations on: * Subject-Verb Agreement: 22 Slides * Active and Passive Voice: 29 Slides * Direct and Indirect Speech: 37 Slides * Moods of Verbs: 22 Slides * Verbals – Gerunds, Participles, Infinitives: 23 Slides * Grammatical Cases: 22 Slides More Grammar Bundles by the same Author: * Boom Cards: 6 Decks * Google Slides: 6 Presentations * PowerPoint Presentations: 6 Lessons * Unit Lessons: 6 Plans * Worksheets with Answers: 6 Sets * Scaffolding Notes: 6 Sets ◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈ Save 50% on this BUNDLE! Note: These are also sold separately! ◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH: BUNDLE

These bundled resources are perfect for teaching Grammar - Direct and Indirect Speech. These no prep activities would be great for English lessons or English centers. Your students will love these ELA Boom Cards, Google Slides, PPT, Unit Plan, Worksheets with Answers and Scaffolding Notes. After completing this unit students will be able to: * List the similarities and differences between direct and indirect speech. * Identify the changes seen in adverbs, modal verbs and pronouns when converting direct into indirect speech. * Identify the structure of the sentences when the speech is direct and indirect. * Test their understanding of the changes seen in verb tenses when converting direct into indirect speech. * Use commas, inverted commas and relevant end punctuation to mark direct speech and quotations. * Use narrative techniques, such as dialogue to develop experiences, events and characters. This download includes: * Scaffolding Notes: 10 Handouts * Worksheets with Answers: 28 Exercises * Unit Lesson Plan: 33 Pages * PowerPoint Presentation: 37 Slides * Google Slides: 37 Slides * Boom Cards: 69 Digital Task Cards Here are some possible uses for these in your classroom: To challenge early finishers For effective tutoring As ESL stations and sub tubs As holiday work and homework For small group collaborations For an end of unit assessments For reinforcement and enrichment ◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈ Save 50% on this BUNDLE! Note: These are also sold separately! ◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈◈

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DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH: POWERPOINT PRESENTATION - 37 SLIDES

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This PowerPoint Presentation is perfect for teaching Grammar - Direct and Indirect Speech. These no prep activities would be great for ELA lessons or ELA centers. Your students will love these exercises that are carefully planned for student engagement.

After attempting these New Bloom’s Taxonomy-based activities students will be able to:

• List the similarities and differences between direct and indirect speech.
• Identify the changes seen in adverbs, modal verbs and pronouns when converting direct into indirect speech.
• Identify the structure of the sentences when the speech is direct and indirect.
• Test their understanding of the changes seen in verb tenses when converting direct into indirect speech.
• Use commas, inverted commas and relevant end punctuation to mark direct speech and quotations.
• Use narrative techniques, such as dialogue to develop experiences, events and characters.

This download includes:

SESSION 1: REMEMBERING

• EXERCISE 1: Match the terms (1-6) with the meanings (A-F).
• EXERCISE 2: Watch the video – Direct and Indirect Speech – to list their features with examples. Then work out the exercise.
• EXERCISE 3: Use Venn Diagram to distinguish between direct and indirect speech to find their differences and the similarities.

SESSION 2: UNDERSTANDING

• EXERCISE 4: Identify how the adverbs of nearness in the direct speech change into those of distance in the indirect.
• EXERCISE 5: Identify the modal verb changes when direct speech is converted into indirect.
• EXERCISE 6: Identify the pronoun changes when direct speech is converted to indirect.
• EXERCISE 7: Identify the tense changes when direct speech is converted into indirect.
• EXERCISE 8: Identify the rules followed in changing functional sentences from direct to indirect speech.

SESSION 3: APPLYING

• EXERCISE 9: Identify the structure of the sentences when the speech is direct and/or indirect. Use the phrases given below to label the parts of the speech in direct and/or indirect.
• EXERCSIE 10: Apply the rules of reported speech and verbalise the following visuals into direct and indirect speech.
• EXERCISE 11: Rewrite the following dialogues in direct speech and then complete the sentences to put them in indirect.

SESSION 4: ANALYSING

• EXERCISE 12: Test your understanding of the key terms used in direct and indirect speech.
• EXERCISE 13: Test your understanding of the changes seen in adverbs when converting direct into indirect speech.
• EXERCISE 14: Test your understanding of the changes seen in modal verbs when converting direct into indirect speech.
• EXERCISE 15: Test your understanding of the changes seen in pronouns when converting direct into indirect speech.
• EXERCISE 16: Choose the option that best expresses the given sentences in either direct or indirect speech.
• EXERCISE 17: Test your understanding of the rules followed when converting functional sentences from direct to indirect speech.
• EXERCISE 18: Test your understanding of the changes seen in tenses when converting direct into indirect speech.

SESSION 5: EVALUATING

• EXERCISE 19: Use inverted commas to write the direct speech.
• EXERCISE 20: Evaluate the correct use of punctuation in direct and indirect speech.

SESSION 6: CREATING

• EXERCISE 21: Use narrative techniques, such as dialogue to develop experiences, events and characters.
• RUBRICS: Direct and Indirect Speech Rubrics

HOME LEARNING:

• EXERCISE 22: Think of a conversation between two students and complete the dialogues. Then convert them into direct and indirect speech.
• EXERCISE 23: Think of a conversation between a teacher and a student and complete the dialogues. Then convert them into direct and indirect speech.
• EXERCISE 24: Punctuate the following to put them in direct speech.
• EXERCISE 25: Convert the following statements into indirect speech.
• EXERCISE 26: Choose - inquired, wondered, asked, told or said - to convert the following dialogues to indirect speech.
• EXERCISE 27: Convert ‘Yes’ or ‘No’ type questions to indirect speech.
• EXERCISE 28: Convert the following ‘WH’ questions to indirect speech.

Here are some possible uses for these in your classroom:

• To challenge early finishers
• For effective tutoring
• As ESL stations and sub tubs
• As holiday work and homework
• For small group collaborations
• For an end of unit assessments 
• For reinforcement and enrichment

More Grammar Resources by the same Author:

• Active and Passive Voice
• Direct and Indirect Speech
• Subject-Verb Agreement
• Standard English Conventions
• Grammatical Cases
• Moods of Verbs

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• FORMAL LETTER WRITING: READY TO USE LESSON PRESENTATION - Rating: 5/5 (extremely satisfied) - "With all the texting done these days, my students lost the art of formal letter writing! I was so surprised that they needed this much guidance! Thanks to this lesson, it provided exactly what I needed! Thank you!" - Jennifer Jenkins.
• READING COMPREHENSION LESSON PRESENTATION : I love it and can't wait to use it. - Vivian W.
• BIOGRAPHY WRITING - READY TO USE LESSON PRESENTATION - This helped me build ideas on how to present in my own classroom. - Robin Ybarra

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Direct and Indirect Speech

Jul 27, 2014

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Direct and Indirect Speech. By the end of the lesson I will: Understand the difference between direct and indirect speech. Be able to apply this knowledge in my writing. Accurately punctuate direct and indirect speech Know when and how to change pronouns and verb tenses in indirect speech.

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• Direct and Indirect Speech

Introduction to Direct and Indirect Speech

Direct speech is a way of reporting the exact words spoken by someone, allowing the speaker’s original phrasing and expression to be conveyed. In writing, direct speech is enclosed in quotation marks to indicate that the words are being quoted directly. For example, if someone says, "I am going to the park," and you want to report it exactly as it was said, you would use direct speech.

The key characteristic of direct speech is that it faithfully reproduces the speaker's words, preserving the original tone , intention, and style. Direct speech is commonly used in dialogue, interviews, and narratives to create a vivid and accurate depiction of conversations.

Indirect speech , also known as reported speech , is a way of telling someone what another person said without using their exact words. Instead of quoting the speaker directly, you describe what was said in your own words.

For example, if someone says, "I am going to the store," in indirect speech, you might report it as "He said he was going to the store."

In indirect speech, the tense of the verbs often changes, and pronouns are adjusted to fit the context of the sentence. This form of speech is commonly used in everyday conversation, writing, and reporting to convey information without repeating someone's exact words.

Direct Speech Examples and Direct Speech Sentences Example

1. "I will be late to the meeting," Sarah said.

Sarah directly communicates her intention of being late to the meeting.

2. "Can you help me with this project?" asked John.

John directly asks for assistance with the project.

3. "I love reading books," remarked Emily.

Emily directly expresses her love for reading books.

4. "Please turn off the lights before you leave," the teacher instructed.

The teacher directly instructs them to turn off the lights.

5. "It's going to rain today," predicted the weather report.

The weather report directly states the prediction about the weather.

Indirect Speech Examples and Sentences

Direct Speech: "I am going to the park."

Indirect Speech: He said that he was going to the park.

Direct Speech: "She will call you tomorrow."

Indirect Speech: She said that she would call me the next day.

Direct Speech: "We have finished our homework."

Indirect Speech: They said that they had finished their homework.

Direct Speech: "Can you help me with this?"

Indirect Speech: She asked if I could help her with that.

Direct Speech: "I saw a movie yesterday."

Indirect Speech: He said that he had seen a movie the day before.

Direct Speech: "Don't talk during the class."

Indirect Speech: The teacher told us not to talk during the class.

Direct Speech: "I need some more time to decide."

Indirect Speech: She mentioned that she needed some more time to decide.

Direct Speech: "Are you coming to the party?"

Indirect Speech: He asked if I was coming to the party.

Direct Speech: "I will be there at 5 PM."

Indirect Speech: She said that she would be there at 5 PM.

Direct Speech: "We must leave now."

Indirect Speech: They said that they had to leave immediately.

Direct and Indirect Speech Formula

Direct speech formula:.

[Subject] + [Reporting Verb] + , + " + [Speaker's Exact Words] + "

She said, "I am going to the market."

Indirect Speech Formula:

[Subject] + [Reporting Verb] + that + [Subject Pronoun Change] + [Verb Tense Change] + [Rest of the Sentence]

She said that she was going to the market.

Direct Speech Rules

1. Use Quotation Marks : Place the exact words of the speaker within quotation marks.

Example : She said, "I will join you for dinner."

2. Capitalise the First Word : The first word of the quoted speech should be capitalised.

Example : "We will leave early," he said.

3. Punctuation Inside Quotation Marks : Commas, periods, question marks, and exclamation points should be placed inside the quotation marks if they are part of the quoted speech.

Example : "Can you help me?" she asked.

4. End with a Comma : When a quote is followed by a dialogue tag (e.g., he said, she asked), end the quote with a comma before the closing quotation mark.

Example : "I’m going to the store," he said.

5. Start a New Paragraph for a New Speaker : Begin a new paragraph each time the speaker changes.

"I am not sure if I can come," said Jane.

"Don’t worry," replied Mark. "We can figure something out."

6. Use Single Quotation Marks for Quotes within Quotes : If there is a quote within the direct speech, use single quotation marks for the inner quote.

Example : "He said, ‘I will be there on time,’ but I was not convinced."

7. Correct Placement of Punctuation Marks : If the quoted speech ends with a question mark or exclamation point , it should be placed inside the quotation marks. If it ends with a comma, place the comma inside the quotation marks.

Example : "Are you coming?" she asked. "Wow! That’s amazing," he replied.

Indirect Speech Rules

Understanding how to convert direct speech into indirect speech requires following specific rules. These rules help ensure that the meaning of the original statement is accurately conveyed, even though the exact words are not used. Here are the key rules for converting direct speech to indirect speech:

Change in Tense:

If the reporting verb is in the past tense, the tense of the verbs in the direct speech usually changes.

Direct: "I am hungry."

Indirect: She said that she was hungry.

Pronoun Changes :

Pronouns are adjusted to match the perspective of the speaker and the listener in the reported speech.

Direct: "I will help you."

Indirect: He said that he would help me.

Time and Place Changes :

Words that refer to time and place often change to reflect the timing of the reporting.

Direct: "I’ll see you tomorrow."

Indirect: He said that he would see me the next day.

Direct: "She is here."

Indirect: He said that she was there.

Reporting Verbs :

The reporting verb (like "said," "told," "asked") often changes depending on the type of sentence (statement, question, command).

Statements: "She said that..."

Questions: "He asked if..."

Commands: "They told me to..."

No Quotation Marks :

Quotation marks are removed when converting from direct to indirect speech.

Direct: "I love reading," she said.

Indirect: She said that she loved reading.

Question Forms :

When reporting questions, the word order typically changes from question format to statement format.

Direct: "Where are you going?"

Indirect: She asked where I was going.

Commands and Requests :

When reporting commands or requests, the verb is usually changed to an infinitive form.

Direct: "Please close the door."

Indirect: He asked me to close the door.

Modals Change :

Modal verbs may change in indirect speech.

"Can" becomes "could"

"Will" becomes "would"

"May" becomes "might"

No Backshift with Universal Truths :

When reporting universal truths or facts, the tense of the verb often remains unchanged.

Direct: "The sun rises in the east."

Indirect: He said that the sun rises in the east.

Conditional Sentences :

Conditional sentences in direct speech often follow the same tense in indirect speech.

Direct: "If it rains, we will cancel the trip."

Indirect: He said that if it rained, they would cancel the trip.

Direct Speech Narration Rules

1. Change Pronouns : Adjust pronouns to match the perspective of the reporting sentence.

Direct Speech : "I am going to the store," he said.

Indirect Speech : He said that he was going to the store.

2. Change Tense : Generally, shift the tense back one step in time. For example, present tense becomes past tense, present perfect becomes past perfect, etc.

Direct Speech : "I am reading a book," she said.

Indirect Speech : She said that she was reading a book.

3. Use ‘That’ to Introduce the Reported Speech : Often, ‘that’ is used to introduce the reported speech, though it can be omitted in informal contexts.

Direct Speech : "I will finish my homework," he said.

Indirect Speech : He said that he would finish his homework.

4. Adjust Time References : Modify time expressions to reflect the change in context.

Direct Speech : "I will see you tomorrow," she said.

Indirect Speech : She said that she would see me the next day.

5. Maintain the Same Meaning : Ensure the meaning of the speech remains the same even though the wording and structure change.

Direct Speech : "It is raining heavily," she said.

Indirect Speech : She said that it was raining heavily.

6. Change Questions to Statements : Convert questions into statements and use appropriate reporting verbs like ‘ask’ or ‘inquire’.

Direct Speech : "Are you coming to the party?" he asked.

Indirect Speech : He asked if I was coming to the party.

7. Change Imperatives to Infinitives : Commands or requests should be reported with the infinitive form of the verb.

Direct Speech : "Close the door," she said.

Indirect Speech : She told me to close the door.

8. Remove Quotation Marks : In indirect speech, quotation marks are not used since the speech is integrated into the reporting sentence.

9. Adapt Adverbs of Frequency and Place : Adjust adverbs according to the context of the reporting sentence.

Direct Speech : "I always go to the gym," he said.

Indirect Speech : He said that he always went to the gym.

Indirect Speech Narration Rules

When using direct speech in writing or speaking, it’s important to follow specific rules to ensure clarity and accuracy. Direct speech involves quoting the exact words of a speaker, often enclosed in quotation marks. Here are the key rules for direct speech narration:

Use Quotation Marks :

Always enclose the speaker’s exact words within quotation marks.

Example : She said, "I am going to the market."

Punctuation Inside Quotation Marks :

Place punctuation marks (like commas, periods, and question marks) inside the quotation marks.

Example : "Are you coming with me?" she asked.

Capitalise the First Word :

The first word of the quoted speech should always be capitalised, even if it appears in the middle of a sentence.

Example : He replied, "Yes, I will be there."

Reporting Clause Position :

The reporting clause (e.g., "he said," "she asked") can be placed before, after, or in the middle of the direct speech.

Before: He said, "I will help you."

After: "I will help you," he said.

Middle: "I will," he said, "help you."

Use of Comma Before Quotation :

A comma usually separates the reporting clause from the direct speech when the reporting clause comes before or after the speech.

Before: She said, "We need to leave now."

After: "We need to leave now," she said.

New Paragraph for Each Speaker :

Start a new paragraph each time a different person speaks to avoid confusion and improve readability.

"What time is it?" John asked.

"It's almost noon," replied Sarah.

No Comma in Questions or Exclamations :

When the direct speech is a question or exclamation, do not use a comma before the closing quotation marks; use the appropriate punctuation instead.

"What are you doing?" she asked.

"Wow!" he exclaimed.

Indirect vs. Direct Speech :

Direct speech repeats the exact words of the speaker, whereas indirect speech paraphrases the words without quotation marks.

Direct: He said, "I am tired."

Indirect: He said that he was tired.

Quotes Within Quotes :

If quoting someone who is quoting another person, use single quotation marks inside double quotation marks.

Example : "Did you hear him say, 'I’m not interested'?" she asked.

Avoid Overusing Direct Speech :

While direct speech can add realism and emphasis, overusing it can make writing cluttered. Balance it with narrative to maintain a smooth flow.

Direct and Indirect Speech Rules Chart

Test Your Knowledge on the Topic of Direct Speech

1. Convert the following direct speech into indirect speech:

Direct Speech : "I will call you when I arrive," she said.

2. Rewrite the following indirect speech into direct speech:

Indirect Speech : He asked if I had completed the assignment.

3. Change the following direct speech to indirect speech:

Direct Speech : "Why are you late?" the teacher asked.

4. Transform the following indirect speech into direct speech:

Indirect Speech : She told me that she was going to visit her grandmother.

5. Convert the following direct speech into indirect speech:

Direct Speech : "Please help me with my homework," the student said.

6. Rewrite the following indirect speech into direct speech:

Indirect Speech : They inquired if we had seen the new movie.

7. Change the following direct speech to indirect speech:

Direct Speech : "I am not feeling well," John said.

8. Transform the following indirect speech into direct speech:

Indirect Speech : She asked if I could join her for lunch.

9. Convert the following direct speech into indirect speech:

Direct Speech : "Do you want to go for a walk?" she asked.

10. Rewrite the following indirect speech into direct speech:

Indirect Speech : The manager said that the meeting would be rescheduled for next week.

Find Out if You Got them All Right from the Answers Below.

Indirect Speech: She said that she would call me when she arrived.

Direct Speech: He asked, "Have you completed the assignment?"

Direct Speech: "Why are you late?" the teacher asked.

Direct Speech: She said, "I am going to visit my grandmother."

Indirect Speech: The student requested to be helped with his homework.

Direct Speech: They asked, "Have you seen the new movie?"

Indirect Speech: John said that he was not feeling well.

Direct Speech: She asked, "Can you join me for lunch?"

Indirect Speech: She asked if I wanted to go for a walk.

Direct Speech: The manager said, "The meeting will be rescheduled for next week."

Takeaways from this Page

Direct speech involves quoting the exact words spoken by someone, typically enclosed in quotation marks. It captures the speaker's precise wording and is often used to convey conversations or statements directly.

When converting direct speech to indirect speech, the exact words are paraphrased and typically reported in a way that reflects the original meaning without using quotation marks. This usually involves changing pronouns and verb tenses to fit the context.

In direct speech, the quoted speech is placed within quotation marks. Punctuation marks like commas, periods, question marks, and exclamation points are placed inside the quotation marks if they are part of the quoted material.

Common reporting verbs in direct speech include "said," "asked," "replied," and "exclaimed." These verbs help attribute the quoted speech to the speaker and often precede or follow the quoted text.

Direct speech can be integrated into a narrative by using reporting verbs and appropriate punctuation to indicate the shift between the speaker's words and the narrative context.

FAQs on Direct and Indirect Speech

1. What is Direct Speech?

Direct speech involves quoting the exact words spoken by a person, enclosed in quotation marks. For example, "I’m seeing my brother tomorrow," she said.

2. What is Indirect Speech?

Indirect speech, also known as reported speech, involves paraphrasing what someone has said without using their exact words. The tense usually shifts to the past. For example, She said that she was seeing her brother the following day.

3. How do you convert Direct Speech to Indirect Speech?

To convert direct speech to indirect speech, remove the quotation marks, change the tense to the past, and adjust pronouns and time expressions as needed. For example, "I like chocolates," becomes She said that she liked chocolates.

4. What are the basic rules for converting Direct Speech to Indirect Speech?

The rules include shifting the tense back one step, changing pronouns to match the new perspective, using 'that' as a conjunction, and adjusting time expressions (e.g., "now" becomes "then").

5. What are some examples of Direct Speech?

Examples of direct speech include:

Nirmal said, "There’s a dog outside the window."

Supriya said, "I don’t know!"

"I play basketball," he said.

6. What are some examples of Indirect Speech?

Examples of indirect speech include:

She said that she liked chocolates.

He said that he played basketball every day.

She told me that she had finished her task.

7. How does tense change when converting Direct Speech to Indirect Speech?

When converting direct speech to indirect speech, present tense changes to past tense, past tense changes to past perfect, and future tense changes to "would" or "would have."

8. What changes occur in pronouns when converting Direct Speech to Indirect Speech?

Pronouns are adjusted to reflect the perspective of the reporting speaker. For example, "I am going," in direct speech becomes "He said that he was going," in indirect speech.

9. What is the purpose of using quotation marks in direct speech?

Quotation marks are used in direct speech to enclose the exact words spoken by a person. They clearly indicate what was said by the speaker and distinguish it from the rest of the narrative.

10. How should punctuation be placed in direct speech?

In direct speech, punctuation marks such as commas, periods, and question marks should be placed inside the quotation marks. For example: "Are you coming with me?" she asked.

11. When should you start a new paragraph in direct speech?

You should start a new paragraph each time a different person speaks. This helps avoid confusion and makes it clear to the reader who is speaking.