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Demonstrations for 4-H Members

Me demonstrate how to make something in front of people.

Successful 4-H demonstrations don’t have to be difficult or complicated. An idea for a demonstration does not have to be so new or so complex that no one in the audience has ever heard of it. In fact, the best demonstrations are usually done by talking about something with which you and the audience are already familiar.

Something that you have learned in your 4-H project or something that you really enjoy doing will make a good 4-H demonstration. If you are a beginner, choose a simple topic like “How to Tie-Dye a T-Shirt,” “The Correct Way to Measure Flour,” “How to Care for Houseplants,” or “What to Feed a Pet.”

If you think of your 4-H demonstration simply as an opportunity to share something you know with your 4-H friends, it’s easy. Every day, people show and/or tell others how to do things like using a computer, holding a baseball bat, or operating a piece of equipment.

One 4-H member in particular had used all kinds of excuses in trying to avoid giving a demonstration. His 4-H advisor stopped to visit one day and found him busily cleaning and oiling his bicycle for the summer season. The advisor asked him if he would show the other members of the 4-H club how to care for their bikes. He said, “Sure.”

By the end of the summer, he had given three demonstrations. First, he showed how to practice proper maintenance on a bike. Next, he demonstrated proper safety practices when riding a bike. His final demonstration was on how to fix a flat tire on a bike.

By now, you must be thinking of something that you could demonstrate. Why not join the hundreds of other 4-H members who have gained a great sense of satisfaction by talking about something they enjoy with their fellow members?

If you are ready to give it a try, the rest of this resource will help you organize your thoughts and create a successful demonstration.

Choosing Your Topic

Your first job is to select a topic. It should be something interesting to you and the audience. The more you know about the subject, the easier it will be. You should select an idea or a practice from your 4-H project or something in which you are currently interested. This could be a new method or product, or a quicker or easier method of getting a job done. Both of these things are usually of interest to an audience.

In choosing your demonstration topic, use these questions to help you decide what it is you want to do:

• Am I interested in this subject?
• Does it have action?
• Can it be clearly demonstrated?
• Does it have one main idea?
• Can I do it easily?
• Is it related to my project?

Remember, your goal is to show your friends how to do something. Write or type your demonstration topic ideas below.

Choosing a Title

Next, select a title that will describe your demonstration and catch the interest of your audience. If you can’t think of a title right away, continue planning your demonstration and maybe a catchy title will come to you before you finish.

Planning Your 4-H Demonstration

Planning is the key to success. Planning gives you confidence because you really know what you are doing. In addition, careful attention to detail during your planning will make your demonstration easier. Your demonstration should consist of three parts—the introduction, the body, and the conclusion.

Introduction

The introduction part of your demonstration is designed to let the audience know what you will be talking about. It should be clear and interesting. To catch the interest of the audience, and to get your demonstration off to a good start, use a short, snappy statement or a question that relates to the topic. It is easier to make your points when the audience has a general idea “where you are going” from the beginning. A formal introduction is not necessary. The person who introduces you at your club and at the county or the state contest should give your name, the title of your demonstration, and any other appropriate information. Do not reintroduce yourself! After you have been introduced, start right into your demonstration.

This is the main part of your demonstration. You should show and explain all the points or steps of what you are doing in logical order. Each step should be clearly shown or explained before moving on to the next one. Usually three to seven points or steps should be stressed. A more complicated demonstration may be confusing to the audience. Even though, in some demonstrations, the entire process is not shown directly to the audience, each step should be clearly explained. You should understand and be able to explain everything you do or show in your presentation. It may be necessary to have materials ready in various stages to show all the steps.

Doing some background research helps. By reading any related information you can find in your project book, library reference books, OSU Extension bulletins, the internet, and school books, you should be able to gather some accurate information and/or statistics. Discuss your topic with authorities in the field, 4-H advisors, parents, and OSU Extension educators. This will help you fully understand all the details.

As part of your conclusion, reemphasize the important points of your presentation and show your finished product(s). Display your product(s) in an attractive manner so others will want to go home and have the same result when they try your idea. Smile and be proud of your accomplishment. You did it! Ask for questions. Each time a question is asked, you should repeat the question before you give the answer. If you don’t know the answer, apologize and let the audience know you don’t currently know the answer. If you can point them to a possible reference, it will be appreciated. However, it is all right to admit you do not know the answer. After answering questions, thank the audience and gather your equipment as quickly and quietly as possible.

Other Tips for Your Demonstration

Some other items that can make your demonstration truly outstanding include delivery, materials, visual aids, appearance, and practice.

Demonstrate how to do something by using action words like cut, pull, place, fold, mix, attach, turn, hold, or saw and then show the action. (Use materials and tools to show the action.) With practice and experience, you will be able to develop a delivery that shows poise and enthusiasm. You will want to speak clearly and use proper grammar. It is important to talk to your audience instead of the judge, the table top, or your visuals. You should emphasize important words and phrases by changing the volume or tone of your voice. Be happy and enjoy yourself. A smile will put you and the audience at ease.

Select only the material and the equipment needed for your demonstration and use them correctly. Use practical, everyday materials rather than unfamiliar items. Remember that too many objects tend to get in the way. If a great many things are needed, arrange them on trays and place them on a table behind you. Put things to be used together on their own trays. You can complete one step, return that tray with its materials, and get the next tray. Trays also help to keep small pieces of equipment together. Hunting and fumbling for materials can be avoided by arranging materials in the order of their use.

Use clear plastic or glass containers when possible so the audience can see what is in them—especially in food demonstrations. A towel is handy for wiping hands and cleaning up. Materials should be in the background, so the audience will watch you rather than the equipment. Having too many articles on the table makes it difficult for people to see what you are doing or showing.

When working with small motors or any heavy equipment, you may need special boxes or additional help for carrying your material. Cross-section diagrams or individual parts help the audience understand your points. Be sure to check with officials regarding fire regulations when small engines are used. Gasoline and/or oil are not permitted in many public buildings. Paper towels for clean-up are very helpful here too.

Small animals are often used with demonstrations. Small animals help to hold the attention of the audience but make sure the audience focuses mainly on you and not the animal. Large animals usually don’t work well in many settings. In fact, large animals are not allowed at the Ohio State Fair demonstration contest. Use posters, stuffed animals, or models to make your points in these situations. Use the space on the back of this fact sheet to list materials you might be able to use for your demonstration.

Visual Aids

You can give a more interesting demonstration by using visual aids. Generally, posters (things drawn on or attached to poster board) are the easiest and least costly way to help the audience follow along. Sometimes only the title of your demonstration needs to be on a poster. Make sure the letters are really large and can be read by the audience. For other demonstrations, a few additional posters may be needed. These posters would have the main ideas of your demonstration written or illustrated on them. This can help the audience follow along with your presentation. Make sure the lettering and/or drawings are neat and easy to read. They don’t have to be professionally done. Also, make sure ahead of time that an easel will be available for your poster to be displayed.

If you are using presentation software, like PowerPoint, and a projector screen for your visual aids, be sure to avoid using too much text or text that is too small on the slides. Generally speaking, the text should be at least 24 points. Multiple screens filled with helpful, step-by-step images are much more effective than ones filled with text. Make sure the colors you use are easy to see when they are projected. Blue letters on a green background might look all right on a computer screen, but they are too similar when projected. Use high quality, clear images too. They should not be fuzzy or grainy. Most importantly, do not fall into the trap of reading the text on your slides. You want the audience to look at and connect with you, not your slides.

You should appear clean and neat. You should be well groomed, and remember to stand and sit properly. Clothing should be appropriate for the type of things you will be doing during your demonstration. Jewelry and other flashy accessories often draw the attention of the audience away from your topic and should not be worn. Working with a small engine requires different clothing than making a rope halter or making a salad. Safety clothing (goggles, gloves, etc.) are encouraged whenever appropriate.

Practice can make perfect. It is a good idea to practice your demonstration before a mirror and your family. Family members can give suggestions that will improve your presentation. Working before a mirror will help you learn to control your nervousness and spot needed changes. If you have access to a smartphone or other device with a voice recorder, use it for practicing. Even better, make a video. Practice sessions will pay off when you successfully complete a demonstration for your club or a contest. Good luck!

• Select a topic that you know well and find interesting.
• Develop one main idea or topic to share.
• Use an outline to help you organize the idea or topic into three to seven points or steps that can be explained and/or shown.
• Secure the material and the equipment needed and organize it to avoid clutter.
• Dress appropriately for the activity being demonstrated.
• Check your materials and equipment before you give the demonstration. Make words on posters large enough for all to read.
• Use a catchy introduction that will get the attention of the audience.
• Take your time and speak clearly, looking at your audience.
• Show how each step is done so everyone can see.
• Keep your materials orderly, and when you are finished with something, place it out of the way.
• Practice the demonstration with family or friends who will give suggestions for improvement.
• Smile and enjoy yourself, but avoid chewing gum, placing your hands in your pockets, or “fiddling” with equipment.
• Review your points or steps at the end, ask for questions, and thank the audience.
• Check with your County 4-H Educator to see how to qualify for Communication Day at the Ohio State Fair.  

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• Planning a 4-H Presentation

A presentation is a method used to communicate an idea by showing and/or telling. It can be a demonstration or a talk that uses posters and other visual aids. Planning to give a 4-H presentation helps youth:

• Develop leadership skills.
• Increase self-confidence and ability to present ideas.
• Expand skills for planning, preparation and performance.

Pick a Topic

When preparing any good presentation, the first important step is to pick a topic you’re comfortable with. If you’re familiar with and excited about the topic, your presentation will be more interesting for the audience to listen to and for you to present. Other things to consider when selecting a topic:

• you want to share with others
• you learned through your 4-H project
• is an idea that can be presented in a short time
• a topic that can be easily broken down into steps that can be demonstrated.

  Once you have selected a topic, decide on a title for your presentation. Select a title that:

• relates to the subject and is “catchy”
• is original
• suggests the subject without telling the whole story

Prepare an Outline

There are three parts to a presentation:

• Introduction -- the “why” of it
• Body --  “show and tell” portion
• Summary or Conclusion -- the “what” of it

Begin researching your topic. Always find more information than you will use in the presentation.  This will help you answer questions and make adjustments later. Create a logical outline for the sections of your presentation. 

Introduction (The Why of It)

The introduction is your first impression and should creatively capture attention, focus interest on your topic and hook the audience into listening for more! Begin your presentation with an “attention getter.” This should introduce your general topic and theme. You could ask a question, tell a short story or give a quotation or statistic to peak their interest. Greet your audience and get their attention and interest. Tell what you will be presenting and explain why you are interested in the topic.

Body (The Show and Tell Part)

This is the main part of your presentation. You should show and explain all the points or steps of what you are doing in logical order. Explain what you are doing and why. Give facts or statistics or tell your story in more detail and perhaps compare it to similar experiences your audience may have had at some time. Show step by step procedures but it is not necessary for you to always complete the entire product. For example, only sew part of a seam, or only attach one rocket fin. Combine talking and doing; that is, always talk while you’re working if possible. Fill in with extra information relating to your presentation. Write a rough draft and create your visual aids. 

The visual aids should stand alone. This means that you could place them in a different order or just use one and it would not rely on another visual. Visual aids can provide an outline for your presentation. Use personal examples and stories in your presentation to make it more interesting for the audience.

Summary (The What)

Your summary should be similar to the introduction.  It reviews the important points of the presentation.

• Use your outline to remind the audience what they have learned. Briefly restate main points of presentation.
• Remember to cite your sources (4-H resources, websites, books, 4-H activities, etc.).
• In most presentation formats, only the judges may ask questions. Speakers are expected to handle questions related to the presentation. The purpose of questions is to evaluate how well you know and understand the subject of your presentation. You should make sure that questions are heard by the entire audience by repeating the question, paraphrasing the question, or including the question in the answer. Repeating gives you the chance to make sure you understand the question. It is acceptable to admit you are unable to answer the question, but provide a resource for finding the answer. Never make up an answer.
• After questioning is finished, indicate to the audience that you are finished by making a final closing statement that brings back the theme of the presentation.
• Finally, thank your audience.
• Invite the audience and judge to sample and/or inspect the finished product.

Length of Presentation

Consider contests rules or presentation length requests when preparing your presentation. The complexity of the topic, and the age of participants should dictate the appropriate length.

Practice – Practice – Practice

• Out loud, around six times
• In front of a mirror

Time your presentation so you will know if you need to remove or add words. This is where that extra information may come in handy.  Remember that you should always be talking, so if it takes you longer to load or unload a tray than you have words to say, then you know you need to make some changes.

• Dress neatly. You can even dress for the topic you are presenting. For example, if you are talking about building wood duck houses you could wear camouflage clothing.
• Be sure everything is in place before you begin.
• Work quickly and neatly.
• Look at the audience, not down at the demonstration table or your notes too often.
• Speak naturally in a clear loud voice so your audience can hear you.
• Smile at your audience, relax and enjoy what you are doing.
• Mistakes do happen -- go right on with your presentation and explain what happened.
• Weave personal experience into your presentation.
• Keep notes available, but never read from them or rely on them too heavily.
• Be enthusiastic.

Take time to review your presentation. How well did it go? You might ask your leader or someone else to give you suggestions on what you did well and how you could improve. 

Congratulations! You have just experienced and worked hard on a series of skills that will assist you during the course of your life! These life skills include communication, social skills, planning/organizing, goal setting, decision making, critical thinking, problem solving, and many more! You are building confidence in skills that will help you through school, job interviews and life!

4-H Contest Opportunities

Youth enrolled in the Nebraska 4-H Youth Development Program are eligible to participate in the county-based communication contests or the 4-H Illustrated Presentation Contest at the  State 4-H Premier Communication Event . Contact your  local Nebraska Extension Office  for more information. 

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Nebraska 4-H Communications Resources

• Guide to Making Great Speeches
• How to Prepare a 4-H Radio Public Service Announcement
• Giving a Presentation
• Creating Presentation Visuals
• Creating Digital Presentation Visuals

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• 4-H Public Presentations General Guidelines & Tips

Why Do 4-Hers Make Public Presentations?

The logo above is a good reminder of the “4 Essential Elements” for youth development: a sense of belonging, mastery, independence, and generosity. In combination, these essential elements help youth to grow into competent, caring, and contributing adults.When it comes to the element of “mastery” in particular, all youth want to be good at something (adults do too!). Mastery is building knowledge, skills, and attitudes and then demonstrating the competent use of the knowledge and skills.Youth need to feel and believe that they are capable, and experience success at solving problems and meeting challenges to develop their self-confidence.

Practicing and offering 4-H public presentations give youth an ideal opportunity to stretch and grow in the “mastery” of the activities.Settings that promote mastery – like 4-H Club meetings, County Fair, State Fair – encourage youth to take risks, seek out challenges, and focus on self-improvement rather than comparing themselves to their peers.

Types of 4-H Presentations

• A DEMONSTRATION puts words into action. An effective demonstration teaches others how to do something by showing while telling. At the end of a demonstration, you should have a finished product to show your audience. Examples include: how to cook an egg, how to groom a dog, how to needle-felt.
• An ILLUSTRATED TALK makes us of posters, pictures, PowerPoint (at County Fair: for Intermediate and Senior 4-Hers only), or other visuals to show how to do something or illustrate a process. No finished product is required. Examples include: how to plant a garden, how to distinguish horse markings, how to lead a fun and effective carwash.
• PUBLIC SPEAKING is a prepared speech on a specific subject for an audience. Usually, no props or visual aids are used.4-Hers use this type of presentation to teach, entertain, and/or inform their audiences. Examples include: why I like the 4-H cat project, 4-H around the world, what compassion looks like in my community.

Individual and Team Presentations

Presentations can be given by individuals or by teams. When trying to decide between the two, ask yourself, “Can I do this best by myself or with someone else? ”While individual presentations tend to take less time in planning and presenting, team presentations are a great way to learn team planning and cooperation. And, they offer the viewing audience a change of voices and personalities and, perhaps, understand a subject from different perspectives. Teamwork is encouraged throughout the planning and presentation itself. Shifting the presentation from one team member to another should occur at natural and relatively equal intervals.

Here are a few things to keep in mind with team presentations:

• If you plan to compete at State Fair, only members of the same age division should compete as a team.
• Be sure that all members of the team share in the preparation, doing, and telling.
• Team presentations take more practice in order to flow as if only one person is giving the demonstration. So, allow for plenty of practice time.

Recommended Time Limits for 4-H Presentations

For demonstrations and illustrated talks, the minimum time is 3 minutes and the maximum is 20 minutes, depending on 4-H “age” (your age on Oct. 1 of the current 4-H year). For public speeches, the minimum time is 5 minutes and a maximum time is 10 minutes (at State Fair, a penalty of 5 points per minute under or over is deducted).

Getting Ready to Present

Shaping the Presentation

• (1) Choose a topic that is of great interest to you! If you need ideas, talk with your 4-H friends and Leader; look at the 4-H catalog: talk with other adults and youth in your life; or look in the library, magazines, newspapers, and other media.
• (2) Choose a title that gives an interesting hint at what your topic is about. For example, if you are going to do an illustrated talk about rabbits’ eyelids, you might want to call it “The Eyes Have It” instead of “Rabbit Eyelids.”
• (3) Prepare a written outline of the 3 main parts of your presentation. You are welcome (and encouraged) to use your outline and brief notes as you present (no need to memorize!). You might want to use the template on the next page help you with your outline: 

ANATOMY OF A 4-H PRESENTATION

General Preparation Tips

• (1) Choose a different topic each year.
• (2) Decide whether you’d like to present as an individual or as a team.
• (3) Use the template on the previous page to help you structure your presentation.
• (4) Use illustrations, posters, and visuals (including models, tools, etc.) to help your audience understand your presentation – avoid any visuals that DISTRACT attention from your main idea. Make sure lettering and images on graphics can be viewed from the back of the room and at every angle (easels are available). Live animals are not permitted in 4-H public demonstrations.
• (5) Have your material well organized in a logical order. Perhaps trays, boxes, bowls etc. will help your to manage your materials. If you use these, look for transparent containers so that your audience can see the contents. Also consider labeling containers so that your audience sees the materials and the process.
• (6) Plan what you’ll wear. Your clothes should be simple, neat, and clean. Those doing food presentations should wear short sleeves. Hair should be under control. Don’t wear DISTRACTING clothes, jewelry, or makeup. Choose clothing appropriate for your presentation: e.g., clown gear for a clowning presentation, period clothing for a presentation on John Muir.
• (7) Prepare to bring any reference materials to your presentation and be prepared to share your references with your audience at the end of your presentation.
• (8) PRACTICE often, out loud, and pull in lots of different people to serve as your audience. Be sure to ask your practice audience questions like: “What was not clear in my presentation?” “What really struck you?” “How can I make my presentation even better?”

Presentation Day!

Gearing Up Tips

• (1) Attend to your basic needs. Get a good night sleep and healthy meal before your presentation. If you think you’ll need a glass of water, have one ready. (No gum chewing please. And clean hands and nails are a plus!)
• (2) Get to know your equipment well – especially if you’re planning to use computer and/or projection equipment.
• (3) Arrange equipment and supplies neatly and so that the audience can see clearly. Place any extra equipment on a second table away from the main demonstration table. Keep a hand towel, paper towels, garbage can, etc. handy if needed.
• (4) If using posters, be prepared to remove or turn posters as soon as you have made your point.

Presentation Tips

You’ll find lots of tips in the “38 Tips for Persuasive Presentations” handout; here are a few more:

• (1) Show enthusiasm for your topic. Look like you enjoy what you’re presenting (others will too).Weave personal experience into your presentation where appropriate.
• (2) Have good, gentle eye contact with your audience. Stand tall.
• (3) Again, bring notes, but do not read directly from them (this cuts down on eye contact.)
• (4) Make your voice gentle, appropriately loud, and clear. (You’ll have a microphone at Fair.)
• (5) Name any supplies and hold them up so that your audience can see.
• (6) Keep your work/demonstration area organized – move materials from right to left if you are right-handed, or left to right if you are left-handed.
• (7) Label the backs of posters, books, etc. that you’ll want to reference during your presentation (but you don’t want your audience to necessarily see).
• (8) Goof-ups happen to everyone! Go right ahead with your presentation; explain what happened.
• (9) Thank your audience for their attention.

Last updated January 8, 2024

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Cooperative Extension: 4-H

Key elements of the 4-h demonstration.

There are specific guidelines on how one gives a demonstration, which is detailed below. In addition, the poster for the demonstration should be a whiteboard, which lists the supplies needed and the source (and not the steps) in bold, black letters. Including the title is optional. There must not be any color on the board. The size is optional, but should not exceed a full-sized poster board. Preparing a title board is optional. The title board, if used, may be colored and may incorporate color and decorations. When choosing a topic, be sure your presentation can be seen from a distance of 15 feet.

When timing a 4-H demonstration, the time begins when the youth introduces themselves and their topic. It stops at the end of the summary. The question section of the demonstration or illustrated talk is not considered part of the presentation for timing purposes.

Introduce Yourself

• Give your name, 4-H age, years in 4-H and 4-H club or group to which you belong:

“Hi, my name is Bessie Smith, I am 10 years old, I have been in 4-H for 3 years and I am part of the Jolly Ranchers Club.”

Introduce Your Topic

• Catch your audience’s interest and then give your topic title:

“Have you ever wondered how to eat chocolate but have it seem healthy? Well today I am going to show you How to Make Chocolate Covered Strawberries.”

Optional Variation

• As an alternative, you can give your catchy introduction, introduce yourself, and then give your topic title.

“Have you ever wondered how to eat chocolate but have it seem healthy? “Hi, my name is Bessie Smith, I am 10 years old, I have been in 4-H for 3 years and I am part of the Jolly Ranchers Club, and today I am going to show you How to Make Chocolate Covered Strawberries.”

List Your Supplies

• First thing’s first. Go over each item you will need for your demonstration showing each item as you mention it.

“To make chocolate covered strawberries, you will need 4 ounces of chocolate, 12 washed strawberries, a knife, a small saucepan…”

Show How to Do Your Topic

• Go over step by step how you make your finished product, showing how to do each step as you describe it.  Be sure at some point to mention where you got your idea, and try to not have lengthy silences. Keep talking as you show the steps by talking through what you are doing or sharing interesting facts about your topic.

“First you wash your strawberries in a colander like this. Next, you put 4 ounces of chocolate in a saucepan and heat gently until melted…”

Show Your Finished Product

• Show your audience your finished product.

“And now you have a delicious and healthy snack to share with your friends, chocolate covered strawberries.”

Summarize What You Have Done

• Quickly go over once again the supplies and steps needed to make your project.  You do not need to show anything at this point, just repeat all the supplies needed and the steps to make sure they are clear.

“In summary, to make chocolate covered strawberries, you will need 4 ounces of chocolate, 12 washed strawberries, a knife, a small saucepan, etc. …

First, you wash your strawberries. Next you melt 4 ounces of chocolate in a sauce pan, etc…. and then you have chocolate covered strawberries. Enjoy!”

Ask for Questions

• Now you get to answer any questions your audience may have. This is where you really get to show what you know and be honest about what you don’t know as well.

First, ask for questions:

“Are there any questions?”

Once asked a question, repeat it so that all may hear:

“The question was what temperature should the rinse water for the strawberries be.”

Now answer the question to the best of your ability:

“I have only ever used cold water, but you may be able to use warmer water too.”

When there seems to be no more questions, make sure:

“Are there any more questions?”

And now for the conclusion, and don’t forget to THANK your audience for their attention:

“If there are no more questions, that concludes my demonstration.  Thank you!”

And now you know how to do a demonstration the 4-H way!

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