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The possibilities for dark matter have just shrunk — by a lot 

A newly approved ‘living drug’ could save more cancer patients’ lives

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People with food and other allergies have a new way to treat severe reactions

A new epinephrine nasal spray gives people a needle-free way to treat severe allergic reactions to food, insect venom and drugs.

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Aging and Alzheimer's leave the brain starved of energy. Now scientists think they've found a way to aid the brain's metabolism — in mice. PM Images/Getty Images hide caption

Shots - Health News

This metabolic brain boost revives memory in alzheimer’s mice.

September 2, 2024 • An experimental cancer drug that helps the brain turn glucose into energy was able to reverse memory loss in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease.

A drug that restores brain metabolism could help treat Alzheimer's

A squat lobster in the genus Sternostylus, thought to be a newly identified species, was photographed along the Nazca Ridge off the coast of Chile. ROV SuBastian/Schmidt Ocean Institute hide caption

A newly mapped underwater mountain could be home to 20 new species

August 30, 2024 • Researchers who led the 28-day expedition along the nearly 2-mile tall seamount hope the discoveries made will inform future policies safeguarding the understudied, high-seas region.

Corn rootworm is known as the 'billion dollar bug' for how much damage it causes to corn crops in the United States. Researcher Emily Bick is tackling the problem by eavesdropping on this and other insects. Lina Tran hide caption

How listening to the sounds of insects can help detect agricultural pests

August 30, 2024 • From Indonesia to Wisconsin, farmers all over the world struggle with a huge problem: pests. On top of that, it's tough for farmers to identify where exactly they have the pests and when. Reporter Lina Tran from NPR member station WUWM in Milwaukee joins host Emily Kwong to tell the story of how researchers in the Midwest are inventing new forms of pest detection that involve eavesdropping on the world of insects. Plus, hear what aphid slurping sounds like.

A white-browed sparrow weaver inspects a roost under construction, after just receiving some grass brought by another member of its group. Maria Cristina Tello-Ramos hide caption

When birds build nests, they're also building a culture

August 29, 2024 • Nest-building isn’t just instinct. Birds can learn from others, letting groups within one species develop their own distinctive nest-building traditions.

Shells, composed mostly of invasive zebra mussels pile up at Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore in Michigan. The Nonindigenous Aquatic Nuisance Species Control and Prevention Act of 1990 and the United States Geological Survey's Nonindigenous Aquatic Species database were created in response to this mussel. corfoto/Getty Images hide caption

Here's what's missing from the invasive species narrative

August 28, 2024 • At first glance, the whole narrative of aquatic invasive species may seem straightforward: A bad non-native species comes into a new ecosystem and overruns good native species. But the truth? It's a little more complicated. To tear down everything we thought we knew about invasive species and construct a more nuanced picture, host Emily Kwong talks to experts Ian Pfingsten, who works on the United States Geological Survey's Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, and Nicholas Reo, a Canada Excellence Research Chair in Coastal Relationalities and Regeneration.

Many people get into their phones when they're bored, then scroll through social media in the hopes of alleviating that boredom. But new research suggests that swiping from video to video might increase boredom, not alleviate it. Tippapatt/Getty Images hide caption

Scrolling might make you MORE bored, not less

August 23, 2024 • Have you ever scrolled through a TikTok without finishing it? Switched between YouTube videos halfway through one or the other? Pressed "fast forward" on a Netflix episode that just wasn't holding your interest? That habit is called "digital switching" — and it might be causing the exact thing you're trying to avoid: boredom. Emily and Regina break that and more of the week's news down with the help of All Things Considered 's Ailsa Chang.

Invasive cane toads like this one have fanned out across Australia, killing numerous predators in their wake, including freshwater crocodiles. Joshua Prieto/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images hide caption

To save wild crocodiles in Australia, scientists gave them food poisoning

August 16, 2024 • Freshwater crocodiles die every year in Australia from eating poisonous cane toads that humans introduced to the continent. Now scientists have found a way to teach the crocs to avoid the toxic toads.

Saving freshwater crocodiles — by teaching them to not eat poisonous toads

Conservation biologist Gliselle Marin carefully untangles a bat from a net in Belize during the annual Bat-a-thon. Her fanny pack is decorated with printed bats. Luis Echeverría for NPR hide caption

Goats and Soda

This scientist has a bat tat and earrings. she says there's a lot to learn from bats.

August 12, 2024 • Gliselle Marin joins the “Bat-a-thon,” a group of 80-some bat researchers who converge on Belize each year to study these winged mammals.

A scientist in Belize hopes bats can galvanize locals to protect their forests

Researchers glued cameras and tracking instruments to small pieces of neoprene, that they then glued to the fur of the sea lions Nathan Angelakis hide caption

Scientists attach video cameras to sea lions to map the ocean floor

August 9, 2024 • How do you study unmapped areas of the ocean and identify critical habitat for an endangered species? You include the study animal in the scientific process! Researchers from the University of Adelaide fitted endangered Australian sea lions with cameras and tracking devices to better understand where they spent their time. The information could help scientists protect critical sea lion habitat and could give researchers a new tool for mapping the ocean.

"Everything that we are as human beings is in our brain," Dr. Theodore Schwartz says. Brian Marcus /Penguin Randomhouse hide caption

Health Care

For this brain surgeon, the operating room is 'the ultimate in mindful meditation'.

August 5, 2024 • Dr. Theodore Schwartz has been treating neurological illnesses for nearly 30 years. He says being a brain surgeon requires steady hands — and a strong bladder. His new book is Gray Matters.

New blood tests that help detect Alzheimer's disease are opening up a new era in diagnosis and treatment, doctors say. Marcus Brandt/picture alliance/Getty Images hide caption

New blood tests can help diagnose Alzheimer's. Are doctors ready for what's next?

August 2, 2024 • A new generation of blood tests can help diagnose Alzheimer’s disease. But many doctors don’t yet know how to use them.

Alzheimer's blood tests

Some researchers say the African coral tree has a racial slur embedded in its name. This month, scientists at an international meeting voted to have that epithet removed. tree-species/Flickr hide caption

Some plant names can be racist. Scientists are looking to rename them

July 31, 2024 • An international group of researchers has voted to modify the scientific names of more than 200 plant species whose names carry a derogatory word.

Researchers are revising botanical names to address troubling connotations

A key protein called Reelin may help stave off Alzheimer's disease, according to a growing body of research. GSO Images/The Image Bank/Getty Images hide caption

A protein called Reelin keeps popping up in brains that resist aging and Alzheimer’s

July 29, 2024 • Early in life, the protein Reelin helps assemble the brain. Later on, it appears to protect the organ from Alzheimer’s and other threats to memory and thinking.

Alzheimer's resilience

There are over eight hundred species of leeches, but researchers estimate that only ten percent of all leeches are terrestrial. Auscape/Contributor/Getty Images hide caption

We hate to tell you this, but there are leeches that can jump

July 29, 2024 • Generally, we at Short Wave are open-minded to the creepies and the crawlies, but even we must admit that leeches are already the stuff of nightmares. They lurk in water. They drink blood. There are over 800 different species of them. And now, as scientists have confirmed ... at least some of them can jump!

Two chimpanzees groom each other — a behavior that can involve several gestures. Anup Shah/Getty Images hide caption

What chimpanzee gestures reveal about human communication

July 26, 2024 • Chimpanzees are humans' closest living relatives. But does much of their communication resembles ours? According to a new study published earlier this week in the journal Current Biology , chimpanzees gesture back-and-forth in a similar way to how humans take turns speaking. The research presents an intriguing possibility that this style of communication may have evolved before humans split off from great apes, and tells researchers more about how turn-taking evolved.

Project RattleCam lets people observe rattlesnakes with a live webcam. Scott Boback hide caption

Watch a livestream of Colorado’s ‘mega den’ of pregnant rattlesnakes

July 24, 2024 • On a rocky hillside in Colorado is a “mega den” of hundreds of rattlesnakes — along with cameras livestreaming the whole thing.

 Pregnant Rattlesnakes Webcam

Glyptodonts were giant, armadillo-like shelled mammals that went extinct about 10,000 years ago. A study reveals that cut marks on a glyptodont fossil in South America could have been made by humans a little over 20,000 years ago. Daniel Eskridge/Stocktrek Images/Science Source hide caption

When did humans get to South America? This giant shelled mammal fossil may hold clues

July 23, 2024 • A fossil of an armadillo-like mammal appears to bear cut marks from butchering by humans, suggesting people were living in South America at least 20,000 years ago, even earlier than once thought.

Ancient Armadillos

Once completed, India's National River Linking Project will transfer an estimated 200 billion cubic meters of water around the country each year. STRDEL / Stringer/Getty Images hide caption

India's plan to reroute rivers could have unintended consequences on rainfall

July 19, 2024 • More than a hundred years ago, a British engineer proposed linking two rivers in India to better irrigate the area and cheaply move goods. The link never happened, but the idea survived. Today, due to extreme flooding in some parts of the country mirrored by debilitating drought in others, India's National Water Development Agency plans to dig thirty links between rivers across the country. It's the largest project of its kind and will take decades to complete. But scientists are worried what moving that much water could do to the land, the people — and even the weather. Host Emily Kwong talks to journalist Sushmita Pathak about her recent story on the project.

In 2022, a large, unexpected rogue wave struck the Viking Polaris, breaking windows. One passenger died and others were injured. Alexis Delisi/AFP/Getty Images hide caption

Rogue waves can strike without warning. These scientists found a way to predict them

July 18, 2024 • Scientists have created a new tool that can give 5 minutes advance warning of a dangerous rogue wave in the ocean.

A study finds that psilocybin can desynchronize networks in the brain, potentially enhancing its plasticity. Sara Moser/Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis hide caption

A scientist took a psychedelic drug — and watched his own brain 'fall apart'

July 18, 2024 • Scientists scanned the brains of people who took psilocybin, including a member of the research team. The scans showed how the drug disrupts key networks, potentially enhancing brain plasticity.

A prominent brain scientist took psilocybin as part of his own brain study

Crows can be trained to count out loud much in the way that human toddlers do, a study finds. Andreas Nieder/Universal Images Group Editorial hide caption

Crows can count out loud like human toddlers — when they aren't cheating the test

July 18, 2024 • A study finds that carrion crows can be taught to count and make vocalizations that indicate the number counted, much in the same way that human toddlers do.

Crows can count vocally like toddlers, research shows

An image released by the FDA shows bottles containing tianeptine and other compounds. Authorities have urged gas station store owners and others not to sell the products, with names like Neptune's Fix, Za Za and Tianaa, citing serious health risks. FDA hide caption

8 things to know about the drug known as 'gas station heroin'

July 14, 2024 • For decades, tianeptine was used to treat depression, even though no one knew how it worked. But it turns out it's a type of opioid, and the U.S. is facing a spike in abuse of "gas station heroin."

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The top 10 journal articles

Vol. 53 No. 1 Print version: page 26

1. COVID-19 disruption on college students: Academic and socioemotional implications

Tasso, A. F., Hisli Sahin, N., San Roman, G. J.

This study in Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy (Vol. 13, No. 1) reveals that college students experienced emotional distress on many levels during the COVID-19 pandemic. Researchers surveyed 257 students at a U.S. college who all participated in remote learning off campus during the spring of 2020 because of the pandemic. Students reported being afraid of contracting COVID-19 and even more afraid of people within their social network contracting the virus. They also reported worrying about themselves or loved ones becoming severely ill, academic-related distress following the transition to remote learning, and COVID-19-related mental health distress, including interpersonal disengagement, struggles with motivation, and boredom, as well as anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances. DOI: 10.1037/tra0000996

2. COVID-19 and the workplace: Implications, issues, and insights for future research and action

Kniffin, K. M., Narayanan, J., Anseel, F., Antonakis, J., Ashford, S. P., Bakker, A. B., Bamberger, P., Bapuji, H. Bhave, D. P., Choi, V. K., Creary, S. J., Demerouti, E., Flynn, F. J., Gelfand, M. J., Greer, L. L., Johns, G., Kesebir, S., Klein, P. G., Lee, S. Y., Ozcelik, H., Petriglieri, J. L., Rothbard, N. P., Rudolph, C. W., Shaw, J. D., Sirola, N., Wanberg, C. R., Whillans, A., Wilmot, M. P., Vugt, M.

This article in American Psychologist (Vol. 76, No. 1) presents possible workplace trends resulting from COVID-19, including remote work, virtual teamwork and management, social distancing, and unemployment. The analysis suggests that working from home will continue and expand post-pandemic. As for effects on workers, the authors predict increases in economic inequality, loneliness, stress, burnout, and addiction. Other workplace changes the authors forecast include virtual work arrangements that may foster more participatory relationships, new performance management and evaluation systems for remote workers, and new modes of surveillance by companies to check in on employees working remotely. DOI: 10.1037/amp0000716

3. A closer look at appearance and social media: Measuring activity, self-presentation, and social comparison and their associations with emotional adjustment

Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J., Hawes, T., Pariz, J.

This Psychology of Popular Media (Vol. 10, No. 1) study presents a tool to assess youth’s preoccupation with their physical appearance on social media. Researchers administered a 21-item survey about social media to 281 Australian high school students. They identified 18 items with strong inter-item correlation centered on three categories of social media behavior: online self-presentation, appearance-related online activity, and appearance comparison. In a second study with 327 Australian university students, scores on the 18-item survey were found to be associated with measures of social anxiety and depressive symptoms, appearance-related support from others, general interpersonal stress, coping flexibility, sexual harassment, disordered eating, and other issues. The researchers also found that young women engaged in more appearance-related social media activity and appearance comparison than did young men. DOI: 10.1037/ppm0000277

4. When social isolation is nothing new: A longitudinal study on psychological distress during COVID-19 among university students with and without preexisting mental health concerns

Hamza, C. A., Ewing, L., Heath, N. L., Goldstein, A. L.

In this study in Canadian Psychology (Vol. 62, No. 1), researchers examined the psychological impacts of COVID-19 on the mental health of postsecondary students with and without preexisting mental health concerns prior to the pandemic. The researchers surveyed 773 college students in Canada in May 2019 and again in May 2020 about recent stressful experiences and their mental health status. They found that students with preexisting mental health concerns showed improving or similar mental health during the early pandemic compared with 1 year prior. By contrast, students without preexisting mental health concerns were more likely to exhibit declining mental health during the pandemic, perhaps because they had less experience with social isolation than did students with preexisting mental health issues, the researchers suggest. DOI: 10.1037/cap0000255

5. Trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) for interpersonal trauma in transitional-aged youth

Peters, W., Rice, S., Cohen, J., Murray, L., Schley, C., Alvarez-Jimenez, M., Bendall, S.

This pilot study in Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy (Vol. 13, No. 3) indicates that trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) is an effective treatment for young people who have experienced post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following interpersonal trauma such as child physical or sexual abuse, maltreatment, or neglect. Researchers delivered 15 TF-CBT sessions over 25 weeks to 20 youth ages 15 to 25 (­transitional-aged) in Australia, 16 of whom had a PTSD diagnosis. They found that following treatment, 15 of 16 participants no longer met criteria for a PTSD diagnosis, and self-report measures of PTSD, depression, and anxiety showed improvement, though some participants reported transient increases in symptoms. The researchers plan to conduct a larger randomized clinical trial to examine the effectiveness of TF-CBT for PTSD and other frequently co-occurring symptoms, including anxiety, depression, and substance use. DOI: 10.1037/tra0001016

6. Social media use and friendship closeness in adolescents’ daily lives: An experience sampling study

Pouwels, J. L., Valkenburg, P. M., Beyens, I., van Driel, I. I., Keijsers, L.

Adolescents who use social media apps such as Instagram more frequently than their peers feel closer to their friends, suggests this study in Developmental Psychology (Vol. 57, No. 2). Researchers asked 387 adolescents ages 13 to 15 in the Netherlands to report six times per day for 3 weeks their Instagram, WhatsApp, and Snapchat use in the previous hour, as well as their momentary experiences of friendship closeness. They found that participants who used WhatsApp and Instagram with close friends with whom they felt a sense of trust, support, and intimacy more frequently throughout the 3 weeks experienced higher levels of friendship closeness during the study than their peers. However, participants felt less close to their friends after they had used Instagram or WhatsApp in the previous hour, perhaps, the researchers suggest, resulting from unmet expectations that friends would immediately provide feedback on their posts. Neither association was found with Snapchat. DOI: 10.1037/dev0001148

7. Every (Insta)gram counts? Applying cultivation theory to explore the effects of Instagram on young users’ body image

Stein, J.-P., Krause, E., Ohler, P.

This study in Psychology of Popular Media (Vol. 10, No. 1) suggests that young people who frequently browse Instagram in a highly engaged way are more critical of strangers’ bodies and indulge more often in disordered eating—even if their own body image is unaffected. Researchers asked 228 participants ages 18 to 34 in Germany about changes in weight-related knowledge, attitudes, and self-reported dietary restraint. They found that participants, especially women, who browsed Instagram’s content more actively than their peers formed harsher views about the weight of strangers as well as an increased risk for disordered eating, but not a reduction in satisfaction with their own bodies. DOI: 10.1037/ppm0000268

8. Nonverbal overload: A theoretical argument for the causes of Zoom fatigue

Bailenson, J. N.

This review article in Technology, Mind, and Behavior (Vol. 2, No. 1) combines theory and prior research to derive four explanations for “Zoom fatigue,” the feeling of exhaustion brought on by video calls: excessive close-up eye contact with speakers, constant self-evaluation of one’s own image on the screen, remaining in a fixed position in view of the camera, and the increased cognitive load of sending and receiving nonverbal communication. The author offers the following solutions: reduce the size of the Zoom window to minimize face size, hide “self-view,” position the camera further away to allow for moving beyond a fixed sitting position without disrupting the call, and take “audio-only” breaks by both turning the camera off and turning away from the screen. DOI: 10.1037/tmb0000030

9. Coping during the COVID-19 pandemic: Relations with mental health and quality of life

Shamblaw, A. L., Rumas, R. L., Best, M. W. 

During the COVID-19 pandemic, people using avoidance coping strategies experienced increased depression and anxiety, while those using approach coping strategies, such as positive reframing, received the largest mental health boost, suggests this study in Canadian Psychology (Vol. 62, No. 1). In April 2020, researchers surveyed 797 online participants in the United States and Canada about 14 different approach or avoidance coping strategies as well as symptoms of depression, anxiety, and quality of life. One month later, 395 of the participants took the survey again. The researchers found that avoidance coping was associated with higher depression, higher anxiety, and lower quality of life at baseline and increased depression and anxiety 1 month later. Approach coping was associated with lower depression and better quality of life at baseline but not over the 1-month period. Of the specific coping strategies examined, reframing negative aspects of the pandemic was the most beneficial. DOI: 10.1037/cap0000263

10. Integrating responsive motivational interviewing with cognitive-behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Direct and indirect effects on interpersonal outcomes

Muir, H. J., Constantino, M. J., Coyne, A. E., Westra, H. A., Antony, M. M.

This study in the Journal of Psychotherapy Integration (Vol. 31, No. 1) indicates that adding motivational interviewing (MI)—a psychotherapy module that helps people resolve feelings of ambivalence—to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to treat generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) can bring about long-term changes in nonassertiveness and overaccommodation. In other words, the combination treatment helps people better assert themselves and not give in to others’ demands. Researchers randomly assigned 85 Canadian patients with GAD to a brief treatment of CBT or MI-CBT. Patients completed measures of nonassertiveness and overaccommodation throughout the treatment and across a 12-month follow-up. The researchers found that both MI-CBT and CBT reduced nonassertiveness and overaccommodation, but at 12 months, MI-CBT had helped patients more than CBT alone. This effect was explained by MI-CBT therapists’ ability to help patients overcome midtreatment resistance. DOI: 10.1037/int0000194

Contact APA

You may also like.

How People Perceive International Sporting Events

Consideration based on public opinion surveys of nhk broadcasting culture research institute.

Published: August 1, 2023

This paper examines the relations between people and international sporting events from two perspectives: their actual TV viewing and attitudes, based on longitudinal and cross-sectional analyses of the results of surveys conducted by the NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute including the “Nationwide Survey on Individual Audience Ratings” and the “Public Opinion Survey on the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games.”

In terms of TV viewing, it is found respondents watched international sporting events on TV more than “domestic sporting events.” This tendency was most evident among women in their 40s and 50s: for example, a 2022 survey shows an international soccer competition earned high audience rating of 18% while they rarely watched domestic competitions such as athletics and golf.

This is partly due to a sentiment that “cheering for Japanese athletes who challenges the world and immensely rejoicing at their victories.” For example, when asked “what impressed you most in the Tokyo Olympic Games,” the largest portion (37%) of women in their 50s cited “Japan won the largest number of gold medals in the country’s history,” which outnumbered “young people performing well.” Likewise, many people cited “table tennis” and “judo” that brought Japan gold medals as “impressive games,” and as to “skateboarding,” although only 13% of people were looking forward to watching it before the Olympics, 37% found it “impressive” after watching Japanese athletes’ successful performances.

Meanwhile, people’s willingness to watch the sporting events that had brought Japan medals in the 2016 Rio Olympic Games declined only about two years after the Games, and as many as 65% of respondents cited that the excitement of the Tokyo Olympics and Paralympics was “nothing but temporary,” which highlighted the aspect that the excitement of sports sparked by international competitions is “easily heated but cooled down just as easily.”

The NHK Monthly Report on Broadcast Research

Takanobu SAITO

Full Report PDF (*,***KB)

in Japanese

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