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The future is bright, the future is biotechnology

* E-mail: [email protected]

Affiliation Public Library of Science, San Francisco, California, United States of America and Cambridge, United Kingdom

• Richard Hodge, 
• on behalf of the PLOS Biology staff editors

Published: April 28, 2023

• https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002135
• Reader Comments

As PLOS Biology celebrates its 20 th anniversary, our April issue focuses on biotechnology with articles covering different aspects of the field, from genome editing to synthetic biology. With them, we emphasize our interest in expanding our presence in biotechnology research.

Citation: Hodge R, on behalf of the PLOS Biology staff editors (2023) The future is bright, the future is biotechnology. PLoS Biol 21(4): e3002135. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002135

Copyright: © 2023 Hodge, on behalf of the PLOS Biology staff editors. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Funding: The authors received no specific funding for this work.

Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

The PLOS Biology Staff Editors are Ines Alvarez-Garcia, Joanna Clarke, RichardHodge, Paula Jauregui, Nonia Pariente, Roland Roberts, and Lucas Smith.

This article is part of the PLOS Biology 20th Anniversary Collection.

Biotechnology is a revolutionary branch of science at the forefront of research and innovation that has advanced rapidly in recent years. It is a broad discipline, in which organisms or biological processes are exploited to develop new technologies that have the potential to transform the way we live and work, as well as to boost sustainability and industrial productivity. The new tools and products being generated have a wide range of applications across various sectors, including medicine, agriculture, energy, manufacturing and food.

PLOS Biology has traditionally published research reporting significant advances across a wide range of biological disciplines. However, our scope must continue to evolve as biology increasingly becomes more and more applied, generating technologies with potentially game-changing therapeutic and environmental impact. To that end, we recently published a collection of magazine articles focused on ideas for green biotechnologies that could have an important role in a sustainable future [ 1 ], including how to harness microbial photosynthesis to directly generate electricity [ 2 ] and using microbes to develop carbon “sinks” in the mining industry [ 3 ]. Moreover, throughout this anniversary year we are publishing Perspective articles that take stock of the past 20 years of biological research in a specific field and look forward to what is to come in the next 20 years [ 4 ]; in this issue, these Perspectives focus on different aspects of the broad biotechnology field—synthetic biology [ 5 ] and the use of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for the delivery of therapeutics [ 6 ].

One fast moving area within biotechnology is gene editing therapy, which involves the alteration of DNA to treat or prevent disease using techniques such as CRISPR-Cas9 and base editors that enable precise genetic modifications to be made. This approach shows great promise for treating a variety of genetic diseases. Excitingly, promising phase I results of the first in vivo genome editing clinical trial to treat several liver-related diseases were reported at the recent Keystone Symposium on Precision Genome Engineering. This issue of PLOS Biology includes an Essay from Porto and Komor that focuses on the clinical applications of base editor technology [ 7 ], which could enable chronic diseases to be treated with a ‘one-and-done’ therapy, and a Perspective from Hamilton and colleagues that outlines the advances in the development of LNPs for the delivery of nucleic acid-based therapeutics [ 6 ]. LNPs are commonly used as vehicles for the delivery of such therapeutics because they have a low immunogenicity and can be manufactured at scale. However, expanding the toolbox of delivery platforms for these novel therapeutics will be critical to realise their full clinical potential.

Synthetic biology is also a rapidly growing area, whereby artificial or existing biological systems are designed to produce products or enhance cellular function. By using CRISPR to edit genes involved in metabolic pathways, researchers can create organisms that produce valuable compounds such as biofuels, drugs, and industrial chemicals. In their Perspective, Kitano and colleagues take stock of the technological advances that have propelled the “design-build-test-learn” cycle methodology forward in synthetic biology, as well as focusing on how machine-learning approaches can remove the bottlenecks in these pipelines [ 5 ].

While the potential of these technologies is vast, there are also concerns about their safety and ethical implications. Gene editing, in particular, raises ethical concerns, as it could be used to create so-called “designer babies” with specific traits or to enhance physical or mental capabilities. There are also concerns about the unintended consequences of gene editing, such as off-target effects that could cause unintended harm. These technologies can be improved by better understanding the interplay between editing tools and DNA repair pathways, and it will be essential for scientists and policymakers to be cautious and work together to establish guidelines and regulations for their use, as outlined at the recent International Summit on Human Genome Editing .

Basic research has also benefitted from biotechnological developments. For instance, methodological developments in super-resolution microscopy offer researchers the ability to image cells at exquisite detail and answer previously inaccessible research questions. Sequencing technologies such as Nanopore sequencers are revolutionising the ability to sequence long DNA/RNA reads in real time and in the field. Great strides have also been made in the development of analysis software for structural biology purposes, such as sub-tomogram averaging for cryo-EM [ 8 ]. The rate of scientific discovery is now at an unprecedented level in this age of big data as a result of these huge technological leaps.

The past few years has also seen the launch of AI tools such as ChatGPT. While these tools are increasingly being used to help write students homework or to improve the text of scientific papers, generative AI tools hold the potential to transform research and development in the biotechnology industry. The recently developed language model ProGen can generate and then predict function in protein sequences [ 9 ], and these models can also be used to find therapeutically relevant compounds for drug discovery. Protein structure prediction programs, such as AlphaFold [ 10 ] and RosettaFold, have revolutionized structural biology and can be used for a myriad of purposes. We have recently published several papers that have utilized AlphaFold models to develop methods that determine the structural context of post-translational modifications [ 11 ] and predict autophagy-related motifs in proteins [ 12 ].

The future of biotechnology is clearly very promising and we look forward to being part of the dissemination of these important new developments. Open access science sits at the core of our mission and the publication of these novel technologies in PLOS Biology can help their widespread adoption and ensure global access. As we look forward during this year of celebration, we are excited that biotechnology research will continue to grow and become a central part of the journal. The future is bright and the future is very much biotechnology.

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Current Research in Biotechnology

Volume 2 • Issue 2

• ISSN: 2590-2628

Editor-In-Chief: Atanas Atanasov

• 5 Year impact factor: 4
• Impact factor: 3.6
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Current Research in Biotechnology (CRBIOT) is a new primary research, gold open access journal from Elsevier. CRBIOT publishes original papers, reviews, and short communications… Read more

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Current Research in Biotechnology ( CRBIOT ) is a new primary research, gold open access journal from Elsevier. CRBIOT publishes original papers, reviews , and short communications (including viewpoints and perspectives ) resulting from research in biotechnology and biotech-associated disciplines.

Current Research in Biotechnology is a peer-reviewed gold open access (OA) journal and upon acceptance all articles are permanently and freely available. It is a companion to the highly regarded review journal Current Opinion in Biotechnology (2018 CiteScore 8.450) and is part of the Current Opinion and Research (CO+RE) suite of journals . All CO+RE journals leverage the Current Opinion legacy-of editorial excellence, high-impact, and global reach-to ensure they are a widely read resource that is integral to scientists' workflow.

Current Research in Biotechnology topics covered include "core" biotechnology disciplines such as genetic and molecular engineering; plant and animal biotechnology; food biotechnology; energy biotechnology; environmental biotechnology; and tissue, cell and pathway engineering. Submissions of manuscripts focused on biotech-associated topics in a broad sense (topics on the interface between technology and biological systems ) are also encouraged, including on methods and technology with relevance for biology; molecular medicine, gene therapy, and cellular therapies; drug delivery; bioinformatics, biological big data, in silico modelling, and other computational approaches with a relevance for biology; systems biology and "omics" technologies; wearable technology and other digital health applications; natural products; analytical biotechnology and analytical techniques with applications in biology, bioproduction technologies; approaches and practices with relevance for biotech industry and business; nanobiotechnology and nanomaterials for biological applications; chemical biotechnology; pharmaceutical biotechnology; biomaterials and materials for biological applications; as well as biosensors and bioimaging technology.

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Biotechnology for Tomorrow’s World: Scenarios to Guide Directions for Future Innovation

Marc cornelissen.

1 BASF Agricultural Solutions Belgium NV, Gent, Belgium

Aleksandra Małyska

2 European Commission DG Research and Innovation, Brussels, Belgium

Amrit Kaur Nanda

3 Plants for the Future’ European Technology Platform, Brussels, Belgium

René Klein Lankhorst

4 Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands

Martin A.J. Parry

5 Lancaster University, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, Lancashire, UK

Vandasue Rodrigues Saltenis

6 Copenhagen Plant Science Centre (CPSC), Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

Mathias Pribil

Philippe nacry.

7 Biochemistry and Plant Molecular Physiology CNRS/INRAE/SupAgro/Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France

Dirk Inzé

8 Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology, Gent, Belgium

9 VIB Centre for Plant Systems Biology, Gent, Belgium

Alexandra Baekelandt

Depending on how the future will unfold, today’s progress in biotechnology research has greater or lesser potential to be the basis of subsequent innovation. Tracking progress against indicators for different future scenarios will help to focus, emphasize, or de-emphasize discovery research in a timely manner and to maximize the chance for successful innovation. In this paper, we show how learning scenarios with a 2050 time horizon help to recognize the implications of political and societal developments on the innovation potential of ongoing biotechnological research. We also propose a model to further increase open innovation between academia and the biotechnology value chain to help fundamental research explore discovery fields that have a greater chance to be valuable for applied research.

Developing Scenarios for Biotechnology in Complex Social Systems

Biological science is expanding its knowledge frontiers at an ever-accelerating pace. The progressing insights into biological processes offer a broadening array of options to develop incremental and differential innovations across the medical, agricultural, and industrial biotechnology sectors.

As timelines from understanding basic biological processes to the conception of an innovation and the development of a marketable product may range from 10 to 25 years, a prime question for today’s biotechnology discovery research is ‘innovation for what future world?’ ( Figure 1 ).

Innovation Flow.

In the coming 15 years, the market will be served by R&D that is performed today. Different biotechnology sectors address changes in demand by repositioning and emphasizing what is in today’s pipeline. New R&D and public research ideally address the demand of the future market. Scenario analysis is well suited to narrow down the most promising fields of investigation and to address the unmet needs of future markets. Abbreviations: R, research; D, development.

To this end, in 2019, we conducted a first-of-its-kind scenario analysis with a 2050 time horizon to understand the option space of agricultural biotechnology. i Forty-five trends and 22 uncertainties dealing with the entire agricultural socioeconomic system were reviewed to map the range of directions the future may take and to narrow down how agricultural biotechnology could best future-proof food, nutrition, and health security. Trends ranged from consumer and demographics, farming and technology to politics, economy, and societal developments while identified uncertainties were clustered around three themes: needs for adaptation, priorities in the value chain, and the role of science ( Figure 2 ).

Trends and Uncertainties.

Trends are considered developments going in a certain direction, while uncertainties can determine distinct outcomes with very different implications. Here the two most extreme ways that the uncertainties could play out are presented. Examples of specific uncertainties clustered around three more general themes are provided in the footnote. The exercise delivered four contrasting learning scenarios by detailing out specific aspects of possible future worlds and making them as concrete and vivid as possible ( Figure 3 ). As the selected trends and uncertainties deal with society, environment, innovation, and policy, the learning scenarios helped to characterize implications not only for the future of agriculture in Europe, which was the initial scope of the scenario building, but they can also serve to aid decisions on future research and innovation (R&I) investments in other fields of biotechnology globally. Abbreviations: AI, artificial intelligence; AR, augmented reality; NBT, new breeding technique; VR, virtual reality.

In order to identify toward which scenario today’s world is heading, relevant indicators need to be developed [ 1 , 2 ]. For this, the critical developments or events that will be necessary for a scenario to arise need to be named, put in a chronological order through narratives, and checked for their informative value. Learning scenarios are reusable, and the scope of the indicators identified will depend on the diversity of expertise within the team exploiting the learning scenarios ( Figure 3 ). Obvious examples of indicators are the developments around the legislation related to gene editing in the Bio-innovation and REJECTech scenario or personal data protection regulations in the My Choice scenario, while for instance the evolution of water availability in a particular country can be an indicator for Food Emergency, as well as for Bio-innovation or REJECTech.

Learning Scenarios.

Four contrasting learning scenarios enable us to delineate the option space for the direction and context of future biotechnology. Bio-innovation : Biotechnology solutions are intensively used and sustainably provide sufficient high-quality food and large-volume feedstock for a thriving bioeconomy; My Choice : Health and sustainability concerns drive all sectors to be diverse and transparent; meeting the needs and preferences of individuals, personalized medicine, and nutrition are the norm; REJECTech : Consumers have little trust in politicians, scientists, and big industry. Society is highly polarized and rejects biotechnology-derived products and services, despite dissatisfaction about missed opportunities, such as a broad adoption of the bioeconomy due to limited agricultural production; Food Emergency : Due to severe environmental degradation, the world is struggling to fulfill basic food demand. In response to the crisis, global adoption of innovation, including biotechnology, occurs to mitigate impacts.

Steering Focus in Biotechnology Discovery Research with Scenarios

The way the world will evolve will depend on a myriad of developments. Examples are the transition to renewable energy and decentralized storage, the global policy approach to enable the use of new genomic technologies, patients embracing new treatments, society buying into preventive medicine or demanding transparency about food properties, dietary shifts, development of new high-tech materials, shifts in lifestyle, and progress in robotics and artificial intelligence. Following such developments and extrapolating their long-term impact on the way we live may inspire scientists to take a translational step and to open avenues of biotechnology discovery research that would provide the starting basis for research and innovation (R&I) addressing future needs.

Biotechnology discovery research will undoubtedly be at the core of numerous innovations that will reach society by 2050. However, depending on how the future will unfold, today’s progress in biotechnology research has a greater or lesser potential to be the basis of subsequent innovation. In addition, the lack of a widespread open innovation culture between industry and academia increases the risk of missing out on innovation that trend-wise is likely to meet industry or consumer demand.

For example, it is clear that the demand for climate change-related biotechnology innovation will be high, and will be supported by policy makers [ 3 , 4 ]. However, what the unmet needs will be for the different stakeholder groups is still unclear. Effects on cities, gardens, parks, lakes, and crop fields linked to shifts and volatility in weather and the resulting new environmental conditions, including new pests and diseases, are not yet fully appreciated. Consequently, a translational step from innovation opportunity to required new knowledge is not obvious. Similarly, it is not clear how to incorporate innovation into products [ 5 ]. It may range from gene editing to novel knowledge-driven, societally accepted workflows that are not yet in place. The first activity, developing climate change know–how, has a low risk of not being of relevance. The second, developing biotechnology innovation addressing climate change, is dependent on how policies develop across the globe, and therefore carries a higher risk [ 6 ]. For example, whereas it is conceivable in a bio-innovation world that society may see a broad replacement of fossil-based synthetic materials by bio-based alternatives, such a development is less likely to occur in a REJECTech setting, as although the know–how to do so would exist, the technical enablement would not be supported.

Another example relates to the exploitation of the microbiome. As microbes impact most, if not all, complex ecological systems, exploitation of biological know–how is expected to offer innovation options in a broad range of biotechnology fields and be at the core of new markets and business models. These may include medicine, health care, food systems, industrial and household processes and materials, resource recycling, and energy capture. For this to become reality, broad fundamental biotechnology discovery research on microbiomes needs to reach a tipping point, so that R&I for smaller and bigger opportunities across sectors becomes viable [ 7 ]. This necessitates a major public effort to advance precompetitive know–how and an enablement to a level sufficient for sector adoption within a reasonable risk perspective on a return of investment. A flagship approach in, for example, medicine building on ongoing big data efforts, such as in the human ‘100K genomes project’ ii , may serve as a vehicle to reach, in a 5-year time span, the desired state of enablement and allow smaller initiatives to build on this cost-effectively. However, an entrepreneurial ecosystem is critical for this to happen, implying that such developments are more likely to occur under a Bio-innovation scenario or even in a Food Emergency scenario, once society starts prioritizing access to food and health.

A third example refers to diet shifts toward alternative protein sources. Consumer choice strongly depends on food properties such as taste, texture, palatability, color, convenience, and price. Making alternative protein products competitive to meat would require, among other improvements, major advances in biological insights to upgrade food sources [ 8 ]. The challenge is to get specific on the carriers, such as algae, insects, crops, fermentation, and so on, and the exact properties, so that the investments in biotechnology discovery have a practical effect. How to do this successfully is not obvious as it is currently not clear which products and product properties will match future market demands. This re-emphasizes the importance of contrasting learning scenarios and the need to identify scenario-specific indicators to get insights early in time about how particular trends are panning out. These indicators may relate to yes/no decision points in policy development, or the timely establishment of critical enabling technologies or of sizeable consumer demands. Tracking progress of multiple, scenario-specific indicators thus helps to steer focus in discovery research and to emphasize or de-emphasize timely manner to maximize the chance for successful innovation.

A current real-life example is the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic, an occurrence that was not foreseen because of which only relatively small and scattered efforts of research have been conducted prior to the pandemic. The current R&I race to develop a cure and vaccine against COVID-19 would have greatly benefitted from an advanced knowledge on coronaviruses, obtained through biotechnology discovery research [ 9 , 10 ]. Of course, in hindsight it is easy to highlight what should have been done. In practice, there are several million viruses in the world, over 200 of which are known to infect humans. Conducting extensive research on all these viruses in parallel would be too labor-intensive and unsustainable from an economical point of view. However, the current crisis reveals the advantage in time the use of scenario indicators can offer to international and local organizations dealing with public health. Such indicators might have flagged previous smaller outbreaks of other coronaviruses such as SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) and MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome) in the past two decades. These outbreaks could then have been predictive for scenarios in which coronaviruses would become a major threat to human health, and could have triggered dedicated funding to advance specific biotechnological know–how, as well as to develop strategies to minimize the spread of this type of disease. Major funding is currently being gathered to mitigate the consequences of the COVID-19 crisis, including $8 billion pledged by world leaders to support dedicated R&I iii . However, today’s continuing need to conduct significant biotechnology discovery research means that time, not necessarily funding per se , is a bottleneck. Along the same lines, developing scenarios today to understand how the future may unfold in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic could help anticipate the long-term consequences of the actions that are being taken and could allow countries, states, and communities to react to the crisis more effectively. In the context of the scenarios presented in Figure 3 , the current pandemic emerges as a relevant indicator for the Food Emergency scenario. A global economic crisis may put critical agricultural supply chains at risk, such that food security becomes an even greater issue in certain world regions.

Concluding Remarks

The aforementioned biotechnology examples demonstrate the risk of a low innovation output when the founding know–how obtained from discovery research is not readily available and accessible in a usable format. The timely availability of founding know–how may greatly improve by adopting the use of learning scenarios and the tracking of progress against indicators for these scenarios. To make such an approach effective, several outstanding issues need to be addressed first (see Outstanding Questions).

We strongly believe that to improve the innovation output, the discussion should go beyond financial instruments and creativity. Rather, we would recommend looking at how the innovation ecosystem functions [ 11 ]. To maximize the utility of advances in know–how, the current working principles between academia, value chain players, and society would benefit from extensive review. Biological science needs a continuous cross-stakeholder interaction to move more efficiently from discovery to innovation. To steer biotechnological R&I more efficiently, an open innovation governance concept to deal with precompetitive and competitive big data information and activities is an absolute prerequisite.

We therefore propose to install virtual innovation workflows spanning academia and value chain players to address societal demands ( Figure 4 ). The idea is to set up dedicated ecosystem knowledge bases that serve, for example, the medical, agricultural, or industrial biotechnology sectors or serve a broad innovation field such as the microbiome. These ecosystem knowledge bases should harbor harmonized and curated data in formats tailored to stakeholder use requirements. Such requirements can be defined for each of the biotechnology fields in a two-step process. First the generic workflow at handover points between academia and value chain players should be described, followed by the data and format requirements in this generic workflow, which would be necessary to start. These processes should ideally be described in both directions. In addition, users extracting information with their own software, if private, should commit to upload outcomes that are made anonymous, so that the next round of experimental questions can consider advanced information, and the knowledge base increases over time both in scope and in predictiveness.

Outline of a Future ‘Virtual Innovation Workflow’ Driven by Biotechnology Big Data Governance.

An example is given for agricultural innovation in Europe. To meaningfully contribute to the EU Green Deal, a rejuvenation of the agricultural ecosystem including academia, breeding and R&D companies, farm supply industry, and farmers is desirable. Required innovations should address environmental sustainability, impacts of increased weather volatility, climate change and associated pest and disease development, the European protein plan, development of more healthy and nutritious food, and an enablement of the bioeconomy. It should offer a lever to improve farm economics structurally through product branding and traceability. The novelty of the proposed ‘virtual innovation workflow’ is the bidirectional handover of outcomes and the holistic integration of data coming from plant, microbial, soil, agronomy, robotization, machine learning, modeling, and weather/climate disciplines. Critical success factors are, among others, the alignment of key performance indicators of stakeholders, incentives to participate, an open innovation attitude, a common benchmark to measure progress, smartly located research field stations, dedicated data centers with a user-oriented data curation, harmonization, storage and display approach, and an agreeable data governance concept. A pipeline of consecutive innovations can be primed by raising, over time, the requirements to successfully pass the formal variety testing and registration process. Customer demand (not shown) is in this example translated to requirements for official variety testing trials that, for example, meet progressively increasing levels of sustainability.

To make this workable and sustainable, appropriate business models and governance concepts to deal with, among others, data ownership and intellectual property need to be developed, and dedicated data stewardship teams need to be installed. Setting this up will likely need several rounds of optimization to reach the best compromise between stakeholder interests. Yet, it is well positioned to improve the overall flow of innovation to the market and to offer the desired flexibility to deal with upcoming trends in an ever-changing world.

Outstanding Questions

How to motivate all relevant stakeholders to jointly develop a common understanding of learning scenarios and their impact?

How to ensure that scenarios are updated in a timely manner to address specific developments over time, including aspects that were not covered during earlier scenario exercises?

How to organize the tracking of indicators and the dissemination of weaker and stronger signals that may indicate direction of change before any of the scenarios fully materializes?

How to improve the quality of scenario development and its utilization by the latest developments in digitalization and artificial intelligence?

Alt-text: Outstanding Questions

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Dr Axel Sommer for his support and guidance on Scenario Analysis carried out under CropBooster-P. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 817690.

Disclaimer Statement

Responsibility for the information and views set out in this article lies entirely with the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the European Commission.

i https://www.cropbooster-p.eu/

ii https://www.genomicsengland.co.uk/

iii https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-eu-virus/world-leaders-pledge-8-billion-to-fight-covid-19-but-us-steers-clear-idUSKBN22G0RM

Current Research in Biotechnology

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Expertise - Editors and Editorial Board bring depth and breadth of expertise and experience to the journal.

Speed – Submission and rigorous peer review is fast, and publication of final manuscripts is instantaneous.

Discoverability – Articles get high visibility and maximum exposure on an industry-leading platform that reaches a vast global audience.

Like  Current Opinion  titles,  Current Research  journals will benefit from a vast, global readership giving authors high visibility and maximum exposure for their work and readers the opportunity to join a thriving community. All articles are available via our industry-leading online platform, ScienceDirect.

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Current Biotechnology

Volume 13 , Issues 4, 2024

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Current Biotechnology

Volume 13 , Issues 4, 2024

This journal supports open access

Submission for General Articles

Submit to thematic issues.

Limited Time Complementary Open Access Offer Papers submitted before December 31 st , 2024, will be published as Open Access free of charge

Special Note

Submissions to this journal, after 09/09/2024, should be made to http://cpa.fargroups.com/about/submissions, to view your previous submissions, please access the bentham submission system at ( https://bentham.manuscriptpoint.com/ )., topic(s) covered.

• Biotechnology
• Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
• Applied Microbiology

Aims & Scope

Current Biotechnology publishes critical and authoritative reviews/mini-reviews, original research and methodology articles, and thematic issues in all areas of biotechnology, including basic and applied research. The journal serves as an advanced forum for innovative studies and major trends at the interface of technology, life sciences and biomedicine. Our aim is to provide a comprehensive and reliable source of information on the current advances and future perspectives in key themes of biotechnology.

 Topics covered include:

●      Agricultural And Plant Biotechnology ●      Analytical Biotechnology ●      Biochemical Engineering ●      Bioinformatics ●      Biostatistics ●      Bioenergy ●      Bioethics ●      Biological Engineering ●      Biomarkers ●      Biomaterials And Bioproducts ●      Biomedical Engineering Related To Biotechnology ●      Biomining And Bioremediation ●      Bionanotechnology ●      Biopolymers ●      Biorobotics ●      Biosensors ●      Chemical Biotechnology ●      Environmental Biotechnology ●      Food Biotechnology ●      Healthcare Biotechnology ●      Imaging Technology And Large Scale Biology ●      Instrumentation ●      Industrial Biotechnology ●      Life Detection Technology ●      Medical Biotechnology ●      Metabolic Engineering ●      Microbial Biotechnology ●      Molecular Therapy ●      Omics Technologies: Genomics, Transcriptomics, Proteomics, And Metabolomics ●      Pharmaceutical Biotechnology ●      Regenerative Medicine ●      Space Biotechnology ●      Synthetic Biology ●      Systems Biology ●      Tissue And Cell Engineering

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30% discount on the single-issue cost to authors on the purchase of issue(s) in which their article is published. Multiple issue copies at discounted rates.

Author Comments

My experience with Bentham Science Publishers’ "Current Alzheimer Research" was positive. While the review process of the manuscript was a bit too long, on the other hand the great contribution given by the Editor in Chief to the interpretation of the data I presented was brilliant. His suggestions have greatly improved the quality of my manuscript and so at the end my experience was very positive

(Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio- Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.)

Has contributed: Patients with Increased Non-Ceruloplasmin Copper Appear a Distinct Sub-Group of Alzheimer's Disease: A Neuroimaging Study

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• About Journal
• Editorial Board
• Journal Insight
• Current Issue
• Volumes /Issues
• Author Guidelines
• Graphical Abstracts
• Fabricating and Stating False Information
• Research Misconduct
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• Increase Visibility of Your Article
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• Order Your Article Before Print
• Promote Your Article
• Manuscript Transfer Facility
• Editorial Policies
• Allegations from Whistleblowers

Announcements

• Forthcoming Thematic Issues
• Guest Editor Guidelines
• Editorial Management
• Ethical Guidelines for New Editors
• Reviewer Guidelines
• Abstract Ahead of Print 0
• Early View 6
• Free Online Copy
• Most Cited Articles
• Most Accessed Articles
• Highlighted Article
• Most Popular Articles
• Editor's Choice
• Thematic Issues
• Open Access Articles
• Open Access Funding
• Library Recommendation
• Trial Requests
• Advertise With Us
• Meet the Executive Guest Editor(s)
• Brand Ambassador
• Author's Comment & Reviews
• New Journals 2023
• New Journals 2024
• Alert Subscription

With an overwhelming Chinese readership, Bentham Science Publishers has begun translating abstracts in the Chinese language. Now you can read article abstracts both in the English and Chinese languages.

Published Special Issue(s)

Alzehmier's Disease: From Molecular Mechanisms to Psychobiological Perspective

Guest Editor(s): Mohammad A. Kamal, Nigel H. Greig Tentative Publication Date: November, 2015

Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research – Alzheimer Disorders

Volume: 2 Editor(s): Atta-ur-Rahman eISBN: 978-1-60805-870-9, 2014 ISBN: 978-1-60805-871-6

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