essay on topic heritage of vietnam

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Essay on The Heritage of Vietnam – Short & Long Essay Examples

Essay on The Heritage of Vietnam: Vietnam is a country rich in history and culture, with a heritage that dates back thousands of years. From its ancient temples and pagodas to its vibrant traditional festivals and art forms, Vietnam’s heritage is a testament to the resilience and creativity of its people. In this essay, we will explore the diverse aspects of Vietnam’s heritage, from its culinary traditions to its unique architecture, and examine how these cultural treasures continue to shape the country’s identity today.

Table of Contents

The Heritage of Vietnam Essay Writing Tips

1. Start by introducing the topic of the heritage of Vietnam, providing a brief overview of the rich cultural history of the country.

2. Begin your essay with a strong thesis statement that clearly outlines the main points you will be discussing in the essay.

3. Research and gather information about the various aspects of Vietnam’s heritage, including its traditional music, dance, art, architecture, cuisine, and customs.

4. Use specific examples and anecdotes to illustrate the unique characteristics of Vietnam’s heritage, such as the traditional ao dai clothing, the intricate water puppetry performances, and the delicious pho noodle soup.

5. Discuss the influences of various cultures on Vietnam’s heritage, such as Chinese, French, and Khmer influences, and how these have contributed to the diversity of the country’s cultural heritage.

6. Explore the significance of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Vietnam, such as the ancient town of Hoi An, the imperial city of Hue, and the breathtaking Halong Bay.

7. Analyze the importance of preserving and promoting Vietnam’s heritage in the face of modernization and globalization, and discuss the efforts being made to safeguard and promote the country’s cultural traditions.

8. Consider the impact of tourism on Vietnam’s heritage, both positive and negative, and discuss how sustainable tourism practices can help protect and promote the country’s cultural heritage.

9. Conclude your essay by summarizing the main points you have discussed and reiterating the importance of preserving and celebrating Vietnam’s rich cultural heritage for future generations.

10. Proofread and edit your essay to ensure clarity, coherence, and proper grammar and spelling before submitting it for evaluation.

Essay on The Heritage of Vietnam in 10 Lines – Examples

1. Vietnam has a rich cultural heritage that dates back thousands of years. 2. The country’s history is marked by influences from Chinese, French, and other neighboring cultures. 3. Vietnamese traditional music, dance, and art forms are deeply rooted in the country’s history and traditions. 4. The ancient city of Hanoi, with its historic architecture and bustling markets, is a testament to Vietnam’s heritage. 5. The UNESCO World Heritage site of Ha Long Bay showcases Vietnam’s natural beauty and cultural significance. 6. Vietnamese cuisine, with its unique flavors and ingredients, is a reflection of the country’s diverse heritage. 7. The traditional ao dai dress, worn by both men and women, is a symbol of Vietnamese culture and heritage. 8. Vietnam’s traditional festivals, such as Tet (Lunar New Year) and Mid-Autumn Festival, are important cultural celebrations that highlight the country’s heritage. 9. The ancient city of Hue, with its imperial citadel and royal tombs, is a reminder of Vietnam’s rich history as a kingdom. 10. The preservation of Vietnam’s heritage is important for future generations to appreciate and learn from the country’s unique cultural identity.

Sample Essay on The Heritage of Vietnam in 100-180 Words

Vietnam’s heritage is a rich tapestry of history, culture, and traditions that have been passed down through generations. From the ancient temples of Hanoi to the bustling markets of Ho Chi Minh City, the country’s heritage is evident in every corner.

One of the most iconic symbols of Vietnam’s heritage is its traditional ao dai, a long, flowing tunic worn by both men and women. This elegant garment is a symbol of Vietnamese identity and is often worn during special occasions and ceremonies.

Vietnam’s heritage is also reflected in its cuisine, which is a fusion of flavors and influences from Chinese, French, and Southeast Asian cuisines. Dishes like pho, banh mi, and spring rolls are beloved around the world and showcase the country’s culinary heritage.

Overall, Vietnam’s heritage is a testament to its resilience and creativity, shaped by centuries of history and cultural exchange. It is a source of pride for the Vietnamese people and a window into the country’s vibrant past.

Short Essay on The Heritage of Vietnam in 200-500 Words

Vietnam is a country rich in history and culture, with a heritage that dates back thousands of years. From its ancient dynasties to its more recent struggles for independence, Vietnam’s heritage is a testament to the resilience and strength of its people.

One of the most prominent aspects of Vietnam’s heritage is its ancient dynasties, which ruled the country for centuries. The most famous of these dynasties was the Nguyen Dynasty, which ruled from the early 19th century until the mid-20th century. During this time, Vietnam experienced a period of great cultural and artistic flourishing, with the construction of elaborate palaces, temples, and tombs that still stand today as a testament to the country’s rich history.

Another important aspect of Vietnam’s heritage is its long struggle for independence from foreign powers. Throughout its history, Vietnam has been invaded and occupied by various foreign powers, including the Chinese, the French, and the Americans. Despite these challenges, the Vietnamese people have always fought bravely for their independence, with famous leaders such as Ho Chi Minh and Vo Nguyen Giap leading the charge.

Vietnam’s heritage is also reflected in its traditional arts and crafts, which have been passed down through generations. From intricate lacquerware and silk embroidery to vibrant water puppetry and traditional music, Vietnam’s artistic heritage is a testament to the creativity and skill of its people. These traditional arts and crafts are still practiced today, with many artisans continuing to create beautiful works of art that showcase Vietnam’s rich cultural heritage.

In addition to its ancient dynasties, struggle for independence, and traditional arts and crafts, Vietnam’s heritage is also reflected in its delicious cuisine. Vietnamese cuisine is known for its fresh ingredients, bold flavors, and unique combinations of herbs and spices. From pho, a flavorful noodle soup, to banh mi, a delicious sandwich filled with grilled meats and pickled vegetables, Vietnamese cuisine is a true reflection of the country’s diverse heritage.

Overall, Vietnam’s heritage is a rich tapestry of history, culture, and tradition that has been passed down through generations. From its ancient dynasties to its modern struggles for independence, Vietnam’s heritage is a testament to the resilience and strength of its people. Whether through its traditional arts and crafts, delicious cuisine, or vibrant cultural traditions, Vietnam’s heritage is a source of pride for its people and a reminder of the country’s enduring spirit.

Essay on The Heritage of Vietnam in 1000-1500 Words

Vietnam is a country with a rich and diverse heritage that dates back thousands of years. From its ancient origins to its more recent history, Vietnam’s heritage is a reflection of its unique culture, traditions, and values. In this essay, we will explore the heritage of Vietnam from the period of 1000 to 1500, focusing on key aspects such as religion, art, architecture, and literature.

One of the most significant aspects of Vietnam’s heritage during this period was its religious beliefs and practices. Buddhism played a major role in shaping the spiritual and cultural landscape of the country. The introduction of Buddhism to Vietnam can be traced back to the early centuries of the first millennium, when it was brought by Indian and Chinese traders and missionaries. By the 11th century, Buddhism had become the dominant religion in Vietnam, influencing not only religious practices but also art, literature, and social customs.

One of the most iconic symbols of Vietnam’s Buddhist heritage is the Perfume Pagoda, located in the Huong Tich mountains near Hanoi. This complex of temples and shrines is a popular pilgrimage site for Buddhists and tourists alike, attracting thousands of visitors each year. The Perfume Pagoda is not only a place of worship but also a testament to the architectural and artistic achievements of the Vietnamese people during this period.

In addition to Buddhism, Confucianism also played a significant role in shaping Vietnam’s heritage during the period of 1000 to 1500. Confucianism, with its emphasis on moral values, social order, and filial piety, had a profound influence on Vietnamese society and culture. Confucian teachings were incorporated into the education system, government administration, and social customs, shaping the values and beliefs of the Vietnamese people.

Another important aspect of Vietnam’s heritage during this period was its art and architecture. The Ly and Tran dynasties, which ruled Vietnam from the 11th to the 14th centuries, were known for their patronage of the arts and their promotion of cultural exchange with neighboring countries. The Ly dynasty, in particular, is credited with the development of Vietnamese classical music, dance, and poetry, which continue to be celebrated and performed to this day.

One of the most enduring legacies of the Ly and Tran dynasties is their architectural achievements. The Ly dynasty is known for its construction of the Temple of Literature in Hanoi, which served as Vietnam’s first university and a center of Confucian learning. The Tran dynasty, on the other hand, is credited with the construction of the Thang Long Citadel in Hanoi, a UNESCO World Heritage Site that showcases the architectural prowess of the Vietnamese people during this period.

Literature also played a significant role in shaping Vietnam’s heritage during the period of 1000 to 1500. The Ly and Tran dynasties were known for their promotion of literature and the arts, with many poets, scholars, and writers flourishing during this time. One of the most famous literary works from this period is the “Truyen Kieu” (The Tale of Kieu) by Nguyen Du, a masterpiece of Vietnamese literature that is still widely read and studied today.

In conclusion, the heritage of Vietnam from the period of 1000 to 1500 is a testament to the country’s rich and diverse cultural traditions. From its religious beliefs and practices to its art, architecture, and literature, Vietnam’s heritage reflects the unique blend of influences from Buddhism, Confucianism, and other cultural traditions. The legacy of the Ly and Tran dynasties, in particular, continues to be celebrated and preserved as a source of pride and inspiration for the Vietnamese people.

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Vietnamese Heritage, Essay Example

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As any country in the world Vietnam has its own history, unique traditions, and people with their peculiar mentality. Vietnamese formation occurred under the influence of different countries in different historical periods. It was influenced greatly by China and France, two countries which during almost nine centuries one after another encroach upon today’s Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

Vietnamese heritage consists of a large number of myths and legends, customs, ethnical music with its own unique instruments, dishes, clothes and art.

Main themes in Vietnamese myths and legends are love, family, nature and morale. A special place is given to the symbolism of a sword. These legends are often connected with the name of Le Loi, who was the leader of the rebellious army against Chinese domination of the territory. According to the legend, Le Loi armed with a magic sword, abolished chaos (domination of China) and restored the states independence. As we know, Le Loi established the Le dynasty, which ruled the state known as Dai Viet for more than 300 years.

National folk music is represented by a large number of styles. Cheo Opera, Tuong (Hat Boi), Hat van, and Hat Xam are the most popular. Cheo Opera came from ancient village festivals and consists of folk songs with pantomime, instrumental music and dances. Tuong (Hat Boi) is a kind of drama of the national theatre. Hat van is a religious form of art which combines trance singing and dancing. The main instrument used in hat van performance is the dan nguyet or moon-shaped lute, accompanied by other traditional instruments (phach (a piece of wood or bamboo) marking the rhythm, xeng (clappers), trong chau (drum) and chieng (gong)). Hat Xam is the song of the blind artists.

Vietnamese have a lot of customs, which can be conditionally divided into customs related to people (wedding, funeral, and birth customs) and to those which are more ascribed to nature. Festivals are another interesting tradition of the Vietnamese nation. There are eighteen different festivals which are held according to customs and are celebrated usually vividly.

Vietnamese cuisine includes a large number of herbs, including lemongrass, mint (Vietnamese mint), long coriander, and Thai basil leaves. The main meats are chicken and pork. The distinguishing feature of Vietnamese food is the usage of rice, soy sauce, fish sauce, fruits and vegetables. The traditions of Vietnamese cuisine were influenced by the cuisines of southern Chinese immigrants and French colonists. Outside of Vietnam, the Vietnamese cuisine is widely available in countries with strong Vietnamese immigrant communities. The most famous Vietnamese dishes are Bun thit nuong (cold rice with pork), Mi xao don (egg noodles with seafood and vegetables), Banh Tam Cari (rice with spicy chicken curry), etc.

The four main pillars of the Vietnamese value systems are allegiance to the family, yearning for a good name, love of learning, and respect for other people. Allegiance to the family is vital, because family is a foundation of every nation. A good name is better than any material possession in the Vietnamese world, because having a good name in Vietnam, means having a high position in society, even with the lack of money. Who has knowledge, has admiration and respect from surrounding people, making love for knowledge an important tenet in the Vietnamese society. Concepts of respect mean that elder people or those who have higher social-status are more respected.

Of special interest is the fact that the building of dykes, which were essential for Vietnamese life, influenced their mentality. Since ancient times, the mobilization of people for dyke construction, helped build the nation’s common identity.

Summing up the information above, we can say that Vietnamese traditions, food, music, styles of life are overall a cultural phenomenon and interesting material for research.

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THE VOICE OF VIETNAM - VOV World

Unesco-recognized heritages in vietnam.

The 17 UNESCO-recognized heritages are scattered throughout Vietnam. Hue’s Ancient Citadel was recognized by UNESCO as a World Cultural Heritage in 1993. Ha Long Bay was recognized as a World Natural and World Geological Heritage in 1994 and 2000. Hoi An Ancient Town and My Son were also recognized in 1999. In 2003, Phong Nha Ke Bang National Park was recognized as a World Natural Heritage Site and 7 years later, Thang Long Royal Citadel also joined the list. Then in 2011, it was the turn of the Citadel of the Ho Dynasty.

Trang An Relic Complex with its rich flora system, primeval forest and eco-system was recognized as a World Natural and Cultural Heritage last year. Dang Thi Bich Lien is Deputy Minister of Culture, Sports and Tourism : “ Vietnam ’s cultural values have been praised in several leading world publications. In addition to acknowledging Trang An’s cultural values, the Assessment Committee of UNESCO applauded Trang An as one of the few world scenic landscape complexes that have preserved their pristine natural value. UNESCO Heritage Committee consultants praised the Trang An complex as one of the most wonderful sites in Southeast Asia.”

Vietnam has 9 intangible cultural heritage sites as recognized by UNESCO. Hue royal court music was Vietnam’s first recognized by UNESCO in 2003. This genre of music was played in royal courts for more than 10 centuries. The Cultural Space of Gong in the Central Highlands was recognized as a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2005. 4 years later, Quan Ho folk singing was recognized by UNESCO for its rich cultural values, social customs, art performances, song techniques, the beautiful lyrics and its customs. That year, Ca Tru ceremonial singing was also recognized as a World Intangible Cultural Heritage and Oral Masterpiece of Humanity in urgent need of protection. This music genre is popular across 15 cities and provinces in northern Vietnam.

2 years later, the Saint Giong festival in Phu Dong, Soc temple and Xoan singing of Phu Tho province became intangible cultural heritages of humanity in urgent need of protection. In 2009, UNESCO also recognized the worship of Hung Kings and southern amateur singing. Late last year, the Vi Giam folk singing of Nghe An and Ha Tinh province became an intangible cultural heritage of humanity. It is popular among the locals in central Nghe An and Ha Tinh provinces. They sing Vi Giam to lull their babies to sleep or while they are working in the field. Vi Giam lyrics praise respected values, the tradition of respecting parents, faithfulness and devotion to others as well as treating each other with respect. Associate Professor Nguyen Chi Ben said: “The vitality of Vi Dam folk songs is reflected in their popularity, from lullabies for babies to fishing chants. These folk songs are often sung with the accents of the Nghe An and Ha Tinh regions. This feature makes Vi Giam live long among the local community but makes it hard spread beyond the region”.

Vietnam also has 3 documentary heritages recognized by UNESCO. They include Woodblocks from the Nguyen Dynasty which consist of 34,618 wooden plates which were engraved with Chinese-Chinese Vietnamese (Han-Nom) scripts and used to print books in Vietnam in the 19 th and 20 th centuries. With their special cultural and historical values, 82 stone steles at the Temple of Literature in Hanoi dedicated to doctorate holders under the Le-Mac dynasties from the 15 th to the 18 th century and the woodblocks at the Vinh Nghiem Pagoda have also been recognized as intangible cultural heritages.

UNESCO recognized heritages Vietnam Trang An My Son Phong Nha Ke Bang Ha Long bay natural cultural vov vovworld

s b sharma jamshedpur jharkhand india

UNESCO-recognized all 17 heritages of Vietnam is well described in this essay. it is very informative. details description about all 17 heritage is chance enhance... More

UNESCO-recognized all 17 heritages of Vietnam is well described in this essay. it is very informative. details description about all 17 heritage is chance enhance my knowledge.2are natural, 5 are cultural, and 1 is a combined cultural and natural heritage,9 intangible cultural heritage and 3 documentary heritages. I was keen interested to know about documentary heritage. in this passage it is well covered. documentary heritage was also covered in vov letter box program. thanks for your integrated approach.

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Vietnamese Culture

Vietnamese Culture is one of the oldest culture in the World which has undergone changes almost four thousands of years. Some people said Vietnam culture has influence from Chinese culture but there is a study shows Culture of Vietnam has its own characters and has parallel development to Chinese culture. Along the history of Vietnam from the Dynasty of Trieu, Dinh, Ly, Tran & Le. In the pretty much same time with Chinese dynasty of Han, Duong, Tong, Nguyen.

According to scholarly sources, the culture of Vietnam originated from ancient Nam Viet, an ancient kingdom of Giao Chi people which shared characteristics of Han Chinese cultures and the ancient Dong Son Culture, considered one of the most important progenitors of its indigenous culture, during the Bronze Age. Nam Viet was occupied by Northern evaders in 111 BC, leading to the first Chinese domination of Vietnam lasting over thousand years that propelled Chinese influences onto Vietnamese culture in terms of Confucian philosophy governance, and the arts.

Following independence from Chinese in the 10th century; successive Vietnamese imperial dynasties flourished as the country embarked on a southward expansion that annexed territories of the Champa and Khmer civilizations; which resulted in regional variances of modern-day culture of Vietnam. During the French colonial period in the mid-19th century; Vietnamese culture absorbed European influences including architecture; Catholicism, and the adoption of the Latin alphabet, which created the new official writing system that replaced the previous Chinese characters and Nom scripts.

After French left, Vietnamese culture was characterized by government-controlled propaganda, which emphasized the importance of cultural exchanges with fellow communist nations such as the Soviet Union, China, and Cuba. Following the reform in 1986, Vietnam has continuously absorbed various influences from Asian, European, and American cultures.

Vietnamese culture, with its roots intertwined with Chinese traditions, holds the family unit in high esteem. It’s a society where nurturing the young and honoring the elderly are seen as inherent duties. Multi-generational households are a common sight, symbolizing the deep-seated value placed on familial bonds.

Respect for elders, a reverence for food as a cultural cornerstone, and maintaining a serene composure are pillars of Vietnamese values. Loyalty and respect within the family are paramount. Influenced by Confucianism, many in Vietnam adopt its principles, shaping a way of life that emphasizes harmony, community, and moral conduct.

Important cultural symbols include 4 holy animals: Dragons, Turtles, Phoenix, Unicorn. The national flower is lotuses and the most popular plant in Vietnam is bamboo.

Here are some interesting facts about Vietnamese culture: Vietnamese culture values emphasize respect for family, harmony in community relationships, and humility in personal conduct. These values are rooted in Confucianism and permeate daily life, influencing everything from social interactions to business practices in Vietnam. Viet Nam’s culture blends traditions influenced by Chinese and Western cultures, alongside a mix of Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism , collectively known as Tam Giao in Vietnamese. Language : The official language is Vietnamese, which has six different tones, making it a tonal language. Writing System : The Vietnamese writing system uses the Latin alphabet with additional diacritics. Family Structure : Family is the cornerstone of Vietnamese society. Extended families often live together, and respect for elders is paramount. Ancestor Worship : Many Vietnamese people practice ancestor worship, believing that deceased family members continue to influence the living. Pho : A famous Vietnamese dish, Pho is a noodle soup consisting of broth, rice noodles, herbs, and meat, usually beef or chicken. Diverse Ingredients : Vietnamese cuisine is known for its use of fresh herbs and vegetables, minimal use of dairy and oil, and reliance on rice and noodles as staples. Ao Dai : The Ao Dai is the traditional Vietnamese dress, known for its elegance. It is worn by both men and women, especially on formal occasions. Tet Nguyen Dan : The Vietnamese New Year, or Tet, is the most important festival in Vietnam. It marks the arrival of spring and is celebrated with various customs, such as cleaning the house, paying off debts, and cooking special foods. Mid-Autumn Festival : Celebrated on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month, this festival involves mooncakes and lantern processions, especially popular with children. Buddhism : The dominant religion in Vietnam is Buddhism, but there are also significant numbers of Catholics, Protestants, and followers of Cao Dai and Hoa Hao. Folk Religion : Many Vietnamese practice a form of folk religion that includes elements of animism, ancestor worship, and the worship of deities and natural phenomena. Water Puppetry : A traditional Vietnamese art form, water puppetry dates back to the 11th century. It involves wooden puppets performing on water, depicting rural life and folklore. Literature : Vietnamese literature has a rich history, with notable contributions in both poetry and prose. Classic works often reflect themes of love, nature, and patriotism. Traditional Music : Vietnamese traditional music includes various forms such as Ca Tru, Cheo, and Quan Ho. Each region of Vietnam has its own distinct musical styles. Dance : Traditional Vietnamese dance often depicts historical events, myths, and daily life. The Lion Dance is particularly popular during the Tet festival. Pagodas and Temples : Vietnam is home to many ancient pagodas and temples, which are architectural marvels. These structures often have curved roofs, intricate carvings, and statues of deities. French Colonial Influence : French colonial architecture is also prominent in Vietnam, especially in cities like Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. Vovinam : Vovinam is a traditional Vietnamese martial art that combines self-defense techniques with the philosophy of striving to achieve harmony between hard and soft elements. Silk Production : Vietnam is known for its high-quality silk and traditional silk weaving techniques. Handicrafts : Vietnamese handicrafts, such as lacquerware, ceramics, and bamboo products, are highly valued both domestically and internationally.

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Ethnic groups in Vietnam

Traditions in vietnam, vietnamese cuisine, traditional costumes of vietnam, religion and philosophy of vietnam, vietnamese music & dance, vietnamese arts & literature, martial arts in vietnam, festivals of vietnam, holidays and other important days.

Vietnam is a multiethnic country with over fifty distinct groups (54 Totally). Each of them has its own language, lifestyle, and cultural heritage. Many of the local ethnic groups residing in mountain areas are known collectively in the West as Montagnard or Degar.

Ethnic minorities diversify Vietnamese culture

The largest ethnic groups are: Kinh (Viet) 85.7%, Tay 1.9%, Tai Ethnic 1.8%, Mường 1.5%, Khmer Krom 1.5%, Hmong 1.2%, Nung 1.1%, Hoa 1%, with all others comprising the remaining 4.3% (2009 census). The Vietnamese has term for ethnic group (literally “minority people”). One distinctive feature of highland ethnic minority groups in Vietnam is that they are colorfully attired whether at home, in the farm, traveling or in their home town.

Many ethnic groups elsewhere such as southern part of Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, China, Papua New Guinea, and many other countries do not wear attractive clothes while engaged in their day-to-day activities. The clothing of one group is quite different from that of other groups and adds color to the social landscape. When you travel in Vietnam, you will meet and even talk to many of them. In the trip to Sapa, you may see dozens of them or some province as Lai Chau has 20 ethnic groups ( more than 3 hundreds thousand habitats). Dak Lak province has most in Vietnam with 47 ethnic groups.

Vietnam boasts a stunning diversity of ethnicities, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Over 54 ethnic groups are officially recognized in Vietnam, each with its own unique traditions, languages, and customs. The Kinh (Viet) ethnic group makes up about 86% of the population. But venture beyond the Kinh majority, and you’ll discover a mosaic of fascinating ethnic minorities. Here are some of the major ethnic groups in Vietnam: Kinh (Viet) : The dominant ethnic group, also known as Vietnamese. Tay : Renowned for their distinctive stilt houses, a must-see for any visitor to Northern Vietnam. Thai : Celebrated for their vibrant textiles and beautiful clothing. Hmong : Masters of embroidery and silversmithing, their handicrafts are a treasured souvenir. Dao : Skilled artisans, famous for their indigo-dyed fabrics. This is just a glimpse into the rich ethnic landscape of Vietnam. Each group has its own story to tell, adding another layer of fascination to this captivating country. So, explore Vietnam’s ethnic tapestry and discover the cultural gems hidden within its diverse communities!

Social Beliefs & Customs in Vietnam

Family is very strong in Vietnam. Family and clan (dòng họ) are valued over individualism. Clan is the most important social unit in the country and each clan features a patriarch heading the clan and a clan altar. Even today, in some parts of the country, the tradition of clan members living together in longhouses is quite prevalent. It is also not uncommon to see three to four generations of a family living together in the same house. Members of a clan are related by blood and often name their villages based on their clan names. Death commemorations of clan members are usually attended by all members of the clan and villagers.

Weddings in Vietnam earlier was arranged mainly by parents and people were married very young. However, things have changed so much in recent years since Vietnam Open the door to the World and tourism pick up in early of 90. Vietnamese youth enjoy greater freedom of choosing the time of their marriage and their partner. Weddings are still mostly held in the traditional manner with elaborate rituals and ceremonies . The date for Wedding was carefully selected by Feng Shui master or most respected man in the Clan.

The traditional funeral ceremony in Vietnam is also quite elaborate and long-stretched. The body of the dead person is cleaned with fragrant water and dressed carefully in the special clothes. A lot of mourning following and depends on each tribe and location, they have the slightly different ceremony. Later the body will be burying, the most popular method. Recently, some area, people choose cremation instead of burying. Only 1 case of remains in frozen condition and several cases of Monks body was kept inside the statues…

According to Confucian, men and women can not touch hand unless they are husband and wife so Vietnamese people don’t hug when meeting. They say ” Xin Chao” or handshake between men. People in the city talk gently and quietly and people come from the countryside or from the sea talk pretty loud. They work on the farm or ocean and they got to talk even louder than the wind or the waves.

Understanding social etiquette is important when visiting Vietnam. You can learn more about Vietnamese customs and etiquette in our Essential Guide to Customs and Etiquette in Vietnam .

Vietnam’s rich cultural tapestry is woven with traditions that reflect its vibrant history and diverse heritage. At the heart of Vietnamese life is the Lunar New Year, or Tết Nguyên Đán, a time when families reunite to honor ancestors and celebrate new beginnings. This reverence for forebears extends beyond the holiday, with many homes featuring altars for regular ancestral offerings. Another cherished tradition is the Mid-Autumn Festival, where children’s laughter mingles with the glow of lanterns and the sweetness of mooncakes.

Vietnam’s sartorial heritage shines through in the elegant áo dài, often donned for special occasions. The country’s artistic spirit comes alive in unique water puppetry performances, while traditional music and dance add rhythm to cultural expressions. Vietnamese cuisine, a delightful balance of flavors and fresh ingredients, is more than sustenance—it’s a proud cultural ambassador. From the aromatic phở to the crusty bánh mì, each dish tells a story of Vietnam’s culinary traditions.

These customs, along with tea ceremonies and martial arts, underscore the nation’s deep-rooted respect for family, heritage, and cultural identity, inviting both locals and visitors to experience the warmth and richness of Vietnamese traditions.

Vietnamese traditions are a vibrant blend of ancient customs, communal values, and unique celebrations that reflect the country’s rich history and diverse cultural heritage. Here are some of the most notable traditions in Vietnam:

Tết (Vietnamese Lunar New Year) : Tết marks the arrival of spring and is the most important holiday in Vietnam. Families gather to clean their homes, prepare special foods, and honor their ancestors with offerings and prayers.
Veneration of the Dead (Ancestor Worship): Honoring ancestors is a core aspect of Vietnamese culture. This deep-seated tradition involves maintaining home altars where they offer incense, food, and prayers and performing rituals to honor deceased family members, showcasing the respect for family and lineage.
Mid-Autumn Festival ( Tết Trung Thu ) : Celebrated on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month, this festival is for children. It features lantern processions, lion dances, and mooncakes to celebrate the harvest and the full moon.
God of Wealth (Thần Tài) : On the 10th day of the lunar year, businesses and households worship the God of Wealth to attract prosperity and good fortune for the year ahead.
Communal dining: Food is a big part of Vietnamese culture, and meals are often seen as a time to bond with family and friends. Sharing dishes from a communal plate in the center of the table is a common practice.
Respect for elders: Age is highly respected in Vietnamese society, and younger people are expected to show deference to their elders. This is reflected in greetings, conversation, and decision-making.
Tea culture : Tea is a beloved beverage in Vietnam, and drinking tea is seen as a way to relax, socialize, and bond with others.
Visiting Pagodas : Regularly visiting pagodas and temples is a common practice in Vietnam, reflecting the strong influence of Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism in Vietnamese spirituality.
Vietnamese People Are Relentlessly Optimistic : Despite hardships, Vietnamese people are known for their unwavering optimism and resilience, which is reflected in their cultural expressions and daily life.
Hùng Kings’ Festival : This festival commemorates the legendary Hùng Kings, the traditional founders of Vietnam. It includes ceremonies, traditional games, and performances to honor these ancient rulers.
Khau Vai Love Market : An annual event where ethnic minority groups gather in Khau Vai village to celebrate love and reunite with past lovers, reflecting the unique social customs of the region.
Perfume Pagoda Festival : Taking place from the first to the third lunar month, this pilgrimage involves a journey to the Perfume Pagoda, where devotees pray for health, prosperity, and happiness.

Vietnamese traditions are a beautiful mosaic of rituals, festivals, and social customs that bind the community together and celebrate life’s significant moments. These traditions offer a window into the soul of Vietnam, where the past and present harmoniously coexist.

Vietnamese food is fresh and healthy and getting more and more popular all over the World. It exhibits great diversity but can be classified into three primary categories by locations: the north, south, and central regions of the country. Many types of noodles and noodle soups and all type of spring rolls are popular here. Less use of oil and greater use of fresh vegetables is preferred. Soy sauce, fish sauce, mint, and basil are popular ingredients. Rice is the main food and eaten in 3 meals a day. The flavors of Vietnamese food range from spicy and sour to sweet. The Noodle Soup originating in North Vietnam is a noted Vietnamese dish and features rice noodles with beef, chicken, fish, sea food…. soup and scallions or bean sprouts as accompaniments. There is vegetarian noodle soup too.

Vietnamese cuisine is an explosion of fresh flavors and vibrant textures, a delightful dance on your taste buds. Imagine fragrant bowls of pho, steaming hot and brimming with rice noodles, succulent meats, and a rich, aromatic broth. Or picture crusty banh mi sandwiches, filled with savory meats, pickled vegetables, and a touch of creamy pate. Vietnamese cooking boasts a beautiful regional diversity. In the north, dishes lean towards lighter broths and fresh herbs. Central Vietnam cranks up the heat with chilies and spices, while the south features a touch of sweetness and bolder flavors. Here’s a taste of what awaits you: Pho: The national treasure, pho is a fragrant noodle soup with a rich beef broth, rice noodles, thinly sliced meat (often beef), and a vibrant array of fresh herbs and vegetables. Banh Mi: The quintessential Vietnamese street food, banh mi is a crusty baguette stuffed with savory fillings like pate, grilled meats, pickled vegetables, fresh herbs, and a touch of chili sauce for a flavor explosion. Bún Chả: This dish features grilled, marinated pork served with vermicelli noodles, fresh herbs, and dipping sauce for a refreshing and flavorful experience. Gỏi Cuốn (Spring Rolls): Fresh and light, these spring rolls are packed with rice noodles, herbs, vegetables, and sometimes shrimp or pork, all wrapped in a thin rice paper sheet and dipped in a flavorful peanut sauce.

54 tribes in Vietnam has their own traditional costumes. The traditional dress of the Vietnamese people changed significantly from time to time and depended largely on the whims and fancies of the region’s rulers. The common people of the country had greater freedom to choose their clothing prior to the Nguyen dynasty. During Nguyen Dynasty, several restrictions were placed on the type and colors of clothes that could be worn by the common people of Vietnam.

Some of the examples of traditional Vietnamese costumes are the Áo Giao Lĩnh, the Áo Tứ Thân, Áo Cánh, and the Áo Bà Ba. The first one refers to a cross-collared robe worn by the Vietnamese men while the second is a four-part dress worn by the women.

The last two dresses were worn by the peasants in the north and south, respectively and appeared like silk-pajama-type costumes. The color code of the dresses also varied from time to time and during Nguyen dynasty, only the monarchs enjoyed the exclusive rights of wearing golden clothes while purple and red were popular among the nobles and aristocrats. The headgear worn in Vietnam changed over the years with the conical hat or Non La being the most popular among the community.

Beautiful Vietnamese girls in Ao Dai ( long dress) at Hue Citadel

Traditional Vietnamese costumes reflect the rich cultural heritage and diversity of Vietnam’s various ethnic groups. The most iconic is the “ao dai,” a graceful, long tunic worn over trousers, often made from silk and adorned with intricate embroidery. The ao dai is typically worn during special occasions, weddings, and festivals, symbolizing elegance and femininity. For men, the “ao gam” is a traditional robe, usually worn with loose pants, featuring bold, symmetrical patterns. In the northern regions, the “quan ho” singers wear “ao tu than,” a four-piece dress, showcasing the rustic charm of the countryside. Meanwhile, the Hmong people in the highlands sport vibrant, hand-embroidered garments with intricate motifs, reflecting their close-knit community and traditions. Vietnam’s traditional costumes not only enhance the beauty of the wearer but also tell stories of the country’s rich history and cultural diversity.

Most of Vietnamese people worshiping their ancestors and believe in animism. In the ID most of Vietnamese (about 90%), the line: Religion: None.

In reality, religion in Vietnam has historically been largely defined by a mix of Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism, known in Vietnamese as the Tam Giao (“triple religion”). Catholicism is also practiced in modern Vietnam.

Ancestor worship is common in Vietnamese culture. Most Vietnamese, regardless of religious denomination, practice ancestor worship and have an ancestor altar at their home or business, a testament to the emphasis Vietnamese culture places on filial piety

Vietnam is associated with a rich tradition of dance and music. Vietnamese music also exhibits variance in each part of Vietnam. It is older and more formal in the north while Champa culture exerts considerable influence on Central classical music and music in the southern part of the country is a livelier affair. The country has nearly 50 national music instruments. The Imperial Court music and the Ca Tru are important traditional forms of Vietnamese music.

The great ethnic diversity of Vietnam has gifted the country with diverse dance forms. These dances are usually performed at the cultural programs and festivals held in the country. The Lion dance, platter dance, fan dance, imperial lantern dance is some of the traditional dance forms of Vietnam. The dances that developed in the imperial courts of Vietnam are quite complex in nature and require great skills to be mastered.

Water Puppetry

Literature in Vietnam has greatly evolved over the years from romanticism to realism. Two aspects of the literature in the country are the folk literature and the written literature both of which developed almost at the same time. Folk literature features fairytales, folk legends, humorous stories, and epic poems. Written literature was previously written in the Cham and Nom characters and focused on poetry and prose. Now, it is mostly written in the National Language and includes short stories, dramas, novels, etc.

Vietnamese art is mainly influenced by Buddhism , Taoism , and Confucianism . However, more recently, the Cham and French influence have also been reflected in the art presentations. Silk painting is popular in Vietnam and involves the liberal use of colors. Calligraphy is also a much-respected art form and often, during festivals like the Lunar New Year. On the third day of new year people would visit a village teacher or an erudite scholar to obtain calligraphy hangings for their homes. Vietnamese wood-block prints are also quite popular. Water puppetry and several forms of theaters represent other performing art forms in Vietnam.

Vovinam ( Viet Vo Dao) is Vietnam traditional martial art. Vietnam has a very well-developed tradition of martial arts that has some similarity to Chinese martial arts. Vietnamese Vovinam martial arts philosophy guides the martial arts practice in the country. It is associated with intense spirituality because of its close association with Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism. The scissor kick is a famous movement of this form of martial arts.

Although Vietnamese martial arts is less popular in other parts of the world than its Chinese or Japanese counterparts, there is no doubt that it is gradually and steadily gaining greater popularity worldwide with the establishment of schools teaching this martial art form in many parts of the world.

Vietnamese martial arts, known as “Võ thuật Việt Nam,” offer a rich tapestry of history, culture, and diverse techniques. Rooted in ancient traditions and the country’s turbulent history, these martial arts emphasize both physical prowess and mental discipline. Styles such as Vovinam, Bình Định, and Võ Cổ Truyền are prominent, each with unique characteristics. Vovinam, for instance, incorporates a mix of hard and soft techniques, including grappling and weaponry, while Bình Định is famed for its dynamic footwork and powerful strikes. Vietnamese martial arts not only teach self-defense but also promote physical fitness, self-confidence, and respect. Whether practiced for sport, self-defense, or personal growth, they offer a holistic approach to martial arts, blending strength, agility, and a deep cultural heritage.

Vietnam has many festivals. In Vietnamese Festival is Le Hoi. It includes 2 parts Le: Ceremony + Hoi: Game & fun. Festivals including both traditional ones and those adopted from other cultures are celebrated in the country with great pomp and glory. Here is the top 10 festivals in Vietnam :

1 -TET Nguyen Dan – TET holidays all over the country
2- Hung King Holidays in March 10th ( lunar calendar)- Phu Tho province
3- Saint Giong Festival – In March outside Hanoi in Soc Son district
4- Ka Te Festival – In Champa community in Ninh Thuan Province
5- Perfume pagoda festival – Outside Hanoi
6- Dong Da Festival in Hanoi
7- Cau Ngu Festival in Hue in December
8- Hội đua voi – Elephant racing in Don village – Dak Lak province
9- Ba Chua Xu Festival – In Chau Doc city, An Giang province in April
10- Cam Muong Festival in Lai Chau province.

Vietnam’s charm goes beyond its postcard-worthy landscapes. Dive into the heart of Vietnamese culture through its captivating holidays and celebrations!

Tết Nguyên Đán (Lunar New Year): Imagine a week-long extravaganza welcoming spring! Tet, the most important Vietnamese holiday, explodes with vibrant flower markets, firecracker displays that banish bad luck, and ancestor veneration ceremonies. Think delicious feasts featuring bánh chưng (sticky rice cakes) and lucky red envelopes bursting with wishes for prosperity.
Hung Kings Commemoration Day (Mar 10th Lunar Calendar): Honoring the legendary founders of Vietnam with elaborate ceremonies.
Liberation Day and Reunification Day: April 30th and May 1st are days that commemorate the reunification of North and South Vietnam in 1975. These holidays are marked with parades, cultural performances, and fireworks, reflecting Vietnam’s journey towards unity and independence. It’s a time to reflect on the country’s history and celebrate its resilience and progress.
National Day (September 2nd): Step back in time and witness the national spirit soar! Every September 2nd, Vietnam commemorates its Declaration of Independence with parades, flag raisings, and cultural performances. It’s a powerful reminder of the country’s resilience and a chance to witness the national pride in full swing.
Beyond Public Holidays: Vietnam’s calendar is sprinkled with other cultural gems. Celebrate the harvest moon with the Mid-Autumn Festival, where streets come alive with colorful lanterns and children carry lion dances. Or, delve into the spiritual realm during the Đền Hùng Festival, honoring the legendary Hùng Kings, the ancestors of the Vietnamese people.

Vietnam’s holidays offer a unique glimpse into its soul. Remember, some holidays (like Tet) can cause business closures and transportation snags. When planning your trip to Vietnam , consider timing your visit to coincide with these vibrant holidays and festivals. Whether you’re exploring bustling city streets, tranquil countryside, or scenic coastlines, experiencing these celebrations firsthand will immerse you in the heart and soul of Vietnam.

Vietnam holidays are a blend of ancient customs and modern celebrations, offering travelers a profound cultural experience. From the iconic Tet celebrations to the festive lantern-lit streets during Mid-Autumn Festival, each holiday paints a colorful picture of Vietnam’s rich heritage. Plan your journey to Vietnam, and let these vibrant holidays become cherished memories of your travels in Southeast Asia.

Experience the magic of Vietnam—where every holiday is a celebration of culture, community, and the spirit of a nation. Start planning your Vietnam holiday today and discover why this country’s festivities are truly unforgettable.

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It is amazing

Wonderful research. However, in topic 3, Vietnamese Cuisine, in line 3 sentence 3 word 10 (TYPE in “…noodle soups and all TYPE of spring rolls are…”), I think is supposed to be types, as in “…noodle soups and all types of spring rolls are…”.

Detailed article but there are still some grammar and spelling mistakes. Great job on the research though

Really awesome

500 Words Essay on Vietnam Country

Vietnam: a land of beauty and history, natural wonders.

Vietnam is blessed with an array of natural wonders that captivate the senses. The country’s coastline stretches for over 2,000 miles, boasting pristine beaches, secluded coves, and towering cliffs. The mountains of Vietnam are a trekker’s paradise, with lush forests and breathtaking views. The Mekong Delta, a vast network of rivers and canals, is a unique and fascinating ecosystem that is home to a variety of plant and animal life.

Cultural Heritage

Vietnam’s history is long and storied, and its culture is a vibrant blend of ancient traditions and modern influences. The country is home to numerous historical sites, including ancient temples, imperial palaces, and UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Vietnam’s cuisine is also renowned for its delicious and unique flavors, with dishes like pho and bun cha being enjoyed around the world.

Modern Vietnam

Vietnam has undergone rapid economic growth in recent years, and its cities are a testament to its progress. Ho Chi Minh City, the largest city in Vietnam, is a bustling metropolis with a vibrant nightlife, modern architecture, and a thriving business community. Hanoi, the capital city, is a charming city with a rich history and culture.

Friendly People

The people of Vietnam are renowned for their hospitality and friendliness. They are always willing to help visitors and make them feel welcome. Vietnam is a safe and welcoming country, making it an ideal destination for travelers of all ages.

Vietnam is a land of beauty, history, and culture, and has something to offer everyone. From its stunning natural landscapes to its vibrant cities, Vietnam is a country that is sure to leave a lasting impression.

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Vietnam , country occupying the eastern portion of mainland Southeast Asia .

Tribal Viets inhabiting the Red River delta entered written history when China’s southward expansion reached them in the 3rd century bce . From that time onward, a dominant theme of Vietnam’s history has been interaction with China, the source of most of Vietnam’s high culture . As a tribute-paying state after throwing off Chinese rule in 938 ce , Vietnam sent lacquerware, animal skins, ivory , and tropical products to the Chinese emperor and received scrolls on philosophy, administration, and literature in return. Sinic culture seeped deeply into society, but it shaped the aristocracy and mandarinal families more than it did the peasantry, which preserved distinctive customs, beliefs, vocabulary, lifeways, and gender relations. Modeling themselves on Chinese emperors, Vietnam’s kings exacted tribute from ethnic minorities on the periphery of the Vietnamese state and called themselves emperors when not addressing the Chinese court. Although cultural and spatial gaps between the Vietnamese court and the farthest reaches of society were not as great as they were in China (Vietnam is about the size of a Chinese province, with a comparable population), the Vietnamese state’s capacity to rule diminished with distance from the capital. The refractory character of bamboo-hedged peasant communes was captured in the cliché, "The emperor’s writ stops at the village gate."

Vietnam has a long history of affiliating with a dominant civilization and adapting that civilization’s ideas, institutions, and technology to Vietnamese purposes. This pattern of affiliating and adapting was already evident in Vietnam’s historical relations with China, and it reappeared as descendants of mandarins responded to the challenge of the West by rejecting tradition and becoming communists to combat colonialism. The pattern was evident again as it animated 20th-century artistic movements that employed Western forms to promote social renovation; and since the 1980s it has been the driving force behind the Vietnam Communist Party’s embrace of economic liberalization and integration into the world economy. Such strategic absorption and adaptation have helped propel Vietnam to become one of the world’s most populous countries, with one of the most rapidly expanding market economies.

The capital, Hanoi , is located in the north, while the country’s largest city, Ho Chi Minh City (formerly Saigon), is in the south. Vietnam experienced a period of prolonged warfare in the mid-20th century, and a partitioning (1954–75), first militarily and later politically, into the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, better known as North Vietnam, and the Republic of Vietnam, usually called South Vietnam. Following reunification in April 1975, the Socialist Republic of Vietnam was established in July 1976.

U.S. trooops of the 7th. and 9th. divisions wade through marshland during a joint operation on South Vietnam's Mekong Delta, April 1967.

With an area and configuration similar to those of Norway, Vietnam extends about 1,025 miles (1,650 km) from north to south and is about 30 miles (50 km) wide east to west at its narrowest part. It is bordered by China to the north, the South China Sea to the east and south, the Gulf of Thailand (Gulf of Siam) to the southwest, and Cambodia and Laos to the west.

Vietnam’s principal physiographic features are the Annamese Cordillera (French: Chaîne Annamitique; Vietnamese: Nui Truong Son), extending generally from northwest to southeast in central Vietnam and dominating the interior, and two extensive alluvial deltas formed by the Red (Hong) River in the north and the Mekong (Cuu Long) River in the south. Between these two deltas is a long, relatively narrow coastal plain.

From north to south the uplands of northern Vietnam can be divided into two distinct regions—the area north of the Red River and the massif that extends south of the Red River into neighbouring Laos. The Red River forms a deep, relatively wide valley that runs in a straight northwest-southeast direction for much of its course from the Chinese border to the edge of its delta. North of the Red River the relief is moderate, with the highest elevations occurring between the Red and Lo (Clear) rivers; there is a marked depression from Cao Bang to the sea. In the Red River delta and in the valleys of the region’s other major rivers are found wide limestone terraces , extensive alluvial plains, and low hills. The northeast coast is dotted with hundreds of islands composed mostly of limestone.

Compared with the area north of the Red River, the vast massif extending southwest across Laos to the Mekong River is of considerably higher elevation. Among its outstanding topographic features is Fan Si Peak , which at 10,312 feet (3,143 metres) is the highest point in Vietnam. South of the Black (Da) River are the Ta P’ing, Son La, and Moc Chau plateaus, which are separated by deep valleys.

In central Vietnam the Annamese Cordillera runs parallel to the coast, with several peaks rising to elevations above 6,000 feet (1,800 metres). Several spurs jut into the South China Sea, forming sections of the coast isolated from one another. Communication across the central ranges is difficult. The southern portion of the Annamese Cordillera has two identifiable regions. One consists of plateaus of approximately 1,700 feet (520 metres) in elevation that have experienced little erosion, as in the Dac Lac Plateau near Buon Me Thuot . The second region is characterized by heavily eroded plateaus: in the vicinity of Pleiku , the Kontum Plateau is about 2,500 feet (760 metres) above sea level; and in the Da Lat area, the Di Linh Plateau is about 4,900 feet (1,500 metres).

Roughly triangular in shape, with its northeast and southwest sides bounded by the northern uplands, the Red River delta extends inland some 150 miles (240 km) and runs some 75 miles (120 km) along the Gulf of Tonkin . The delta can be divided into four subregions. The northwestern section has the highest and most broken terrain, and its extensive natural levees invite settlement despite frequent flooding. The low-lying eastern portion is less than seven feet (two metres) above sea level in the vicinity of Bac Ninh. Rivers there form small valleys only slightly lower than the general surface level, and they are subject to flooding by the area’s unusually high tides. The third and fourth subregions consist, respectively, of the poorly drained lowlands in the west and the coastal area, which is marked by the remains of former beach ridges left as the delta expanded.

The Annamese Cordillera forms a drainage divide, with rivers to the east flowing to the South China Sea and those to the west to the Mekong River . South of the mountain range there is an identifiable terrace region that gives way to the Mekong delta. The terrace region includes the alluvial plains along the Saigon and Dong Nai rivers. The lowlands of southern Vietnam are dominated by alluvial plains, the most extensive of which is the Mekong delta, covering an area of 15,400 square miles (39,900 square km) in Vietnam. Smaller deltaic plains also occur along the south-central coast facing the South China Sea.

In northern Vietnam the heavy monsoonal rains wash away rich humus from the highlands, leaving slow-dissolving alumina and iron oxides that give the soil its characteristic reddish colour. The soils of the Red River delta vary: some are fertile and suitable for intense cultivation, while others lack soluble bases. Nonetheless, the delta soils are easily worked. The diking of the Red River to prevent flooding has deprived the delta’s rice fields of enriching silts they once received, and it has been necessary to apply chemical fertilizers.

There are some two dozen soil associations, but certain soil types predominate. Among these are red and yellow podzolic soils (i.e., soils that are heavily leached in their upper layers, with a resulting accumulation of materials in the lower layers), which occupy nearly half of the land area, and lateritic soils (reddish brown, leached tropical soils), which constitute another one-tenth more. These soil types dominate the central highlands.

Alluvial soils account for about one-fourth of the land in the south and are concentrated in the Mekong delta, as are peat and muck soils. Gray podzolic soils are found in parts of the central highlands and in old terraces along the Mekong, while regurs (rich black loams) and lateritic soils occur in both the central highlands and the terrace zone. Along the coast of central Vietnam are regosols (soft, undeveloped soils) and noncalcic brown soils.

Home / Essay Samples / Culture / Vietnamese / The Significance Of Vietnamese Culture

The Significance Of Vietnamese Culture

Category: Life , Sociology , Culture
Topic: Change , Culture and Communication , Vietnamese

Pages: 3 (1393 words)

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Works cited

AlbeeNing. “Religion in Vietnam. ” Asia Highlights, 4 May 2018, https://www. asiahighlights. com/vietnam/religion. htm.
Hays, Jeffrey. “EDUCATION IN VIETNAM. ” Facts and Details, http://factsanddetails. com/southeast-asia/Vietnam/sub5_9f/entry-3457. html.
Puma. “Regional Differences in Vietnamese Cuisine - North, Central and South. ” The Christina's Blog, 30 Apr. 2019, https://blog. christinas. vn/regional-differences-in-vietnamese-cuisine/.
TransferWise. “The Vietnamese Education System: An Overview. ” TransferWise, TransferWise, 31 Aug. 2017, https://transferwise. com/gb/blog/vietnamese-education-overview.
“Vietnam. ” Food in Every Country, http://www. foodbycountry. com/Spain-to-Zimbabwe-Cumulative-Index/Vietnam. html.
“Vietnamese Lifestyle Overview. ” AloTrip, https://www. alotrip. com/about-vietnam-culture/vietnamese-lifestyle-overview.
“Vietnamese Religion: Inside Asia Tours. ” Vietnamese Religion | Inside Asia Tours, https://www. insideasiatours. com/southeast-asia/vietnamese-culture/religion/ .

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