May 2, 2011

It's a Solid... It's a Liquid... It's Oobleck!

Bring Science Home: Activity 1

By Katherine Harmon

oobleck science experiment video

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Key concepts Liquids and solids Viscosity Pressure From National Science Education Standards : Properties of objects and materials

Introduction Why is it so hard to get out of quicksand? Is it a solid? Is it a liquid? Can it be both? In this activity, you will make a substance that is similar to quicksand—but much more fun. Play around with it and find out how it acts differently from a normal liquid and a normal solid. Other, more familiar substances change states (from solids to liquids to gases) when we change the temperature, such as freezing water into ice or boiling it away into steam. But this simple mixture shows how changes in pressure, instead of temperature, can change the properties of some materials. Background Applying pressure to the mixture increases its viscosity (thickness). A quick tap on the surface of Oobleck will make it feel hard, because it forces the cornstarch particles together. But dip your hand slowly into the mix, and see what happens—your fingers slide in as easily as through water. Moving slowly gives the cornstarch particles time to move out of the way. Oobleck and other pressure-dependent substances (such as Silly Putty and quicksand) are not liquids such as water or oil. They are known as non-Newtonian fluids. This substance's funny name comes from a Dr. Seuss book called Bartholomew and the Oobleck .

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Materials •    1 cup of water •    1 to 2 cups of cornstarch •    Mixing bowl •    Food coloring (optional) Preparation •    Pour one cup of cornstarch into the mixing bowl, and dip your hands into it. Can you feel how smooth the powder is? It's made up of super-fine particles. •    Now pour the water in, mixing slowly as you go. Keep adding more water until the mixture becomes thick (and hardens when you tap on it). Add more cornstarch if it gets too runny, and more water if it becomes too thick. •    Add a few drops of food coloring if desired. (If you want to turn your Oobleck another hue, it’s easier to add the coloring to the water before you mix it with the cornstarch.) •    Oobleck is non-toxic, but please use caution when doing any science activity. Be careful not to get it in your eyes, and wash your hands after handling the Oobleck. Procedure •    Roll up your sleeves and prepare to get messy! Drop your hands quickly into the Oobleck, then slowly lower your hands into it. Notice the difference! •    Hold a handful in your open palm— what happens? •    Try squeezing it in your fist or rolling it between your hands— how does it behave differently? •    Move your fingers through the mixture slowly, then try moving them faster. •    What else can you do to test the mixture's properties? •    Extra: If you have a large plastic bin or tub, you can make a big batch of Oobleck. Multiply the quantity of each ingredient by 10 or more and mix it up. Take off your shoes and socks and try standing in the Oobleck! Can you walk across it without sinking in? Let you feet sink down and then try wiggling your toes. What happens?

Read on for observations, results and more resources.

Observations and results What is happening when you squeeze the Oobleck? What is happening when you release the pressure? Does the Oobleck remind you of anything else? The Oobleck mixture isn't your typical liquid—or solid. The cornstarch-and-water mixture creates a fluid that acts more like quicksand than water: applying force (squeezing or tapping it) causes it to become thicker. If you were trapped in a tub of Oobleck, what would be the best way to escape? Share your Oobleck observations and results! Leave a comment below or share your photos and feedback on Scientific American 's Facebook page . Cleanup Wash hands with water. Add plenty of extra water to the mixture before pouring it down the drain. Wipe up any dried cornstarch with a dry cloth before cleaning up any remaining residue with a damp sponge. More to explore " What is Jell-O? " from Scientific American " Ask the Experts: What Is Quicksand? " from Scientific American " States of Matter " overview from Idaho Public Television's Dialogue for Kids Slime and Goo activities from the American Chemical Society's Science for Kids Oobleck, Slime & Dancing Spaghetti: Twenty terrific at-home science experiments inspired by favorite children's books by Jennifer Williams, ages 4–8 The Everything Kids' Easy Science Experiments Book: Explore the world of science through quick and easy experiments! By J. Elizabeth Mills, ages 9–12 Up next… The Magic of Gravity What you'll need •    Coin •    Bottle, jar or canister with a small top opening (larger—but not too much bigger—than the coin) •    3- by-5-inch note card or other sturdy piece of paper •    Scissors •    Tape •    Pen or pencil •    Water (optional)

Oobleck: the Dr. Seuss Science Experiment

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Introduction: Oobleck: the Dr. Seuss Science Experiment

Oobleck: the Dr. Seuss Science Experiment

Step 1: Materials

Materials

Step 2: Mix It Up!

Mix It Up!

Step 3: Add Food Coloring

Add Food Coloring

Step 4: Play With It!

Play With It!

Step 5: Oobleck Videos

Still not convinced you want to make it? Play this video to see it in action.

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Outrageous Oobleck

  • Corn Starch
  • Flat bottom container or tray
  • Optional – Bath coloring tablets

Instructions:

  • Optional – Put a bath coloring tablet in the water. Avoid food coloring as it stains hands and is hard to remove. 
  • Use your hands to mix about two cups of cornstarch with one cup of water in the tray.
  • Enjoy your super easy to make Outrageous Oobleck. 

WATCH THE QUICK AND EASY VIDEO TUTORIAL

oobleck science experiment video

How it Works:

The corn starch and water mixture we call Outrageous Oobleck is a non-Newtonian as it can act as a liquid or solid. Allowing Outrageous Oobleck to flow through your fingers will act as a liquid but a quick force on oobleck will cause it to behave as a solid. 

Make This A Science Project:

What happen when you increase the water to corn starch ratio? What happens if you use a different liquid than water? What happens if you introduce another ingredient such as dish soap or baking soda? 

EXPLORE TONS OF FUN AND EASY SCIENCE EXPERIMENTS!

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How to make oobleck

May 4, 2018 By Emma Vanstone 18 Comments

Making oobleck , also known as cornflour gloop or slime, was one of the first science activities I wrote about on Science Sparks. It’s a brilliant indoor or outdoor science activity that only needs two ingredients, so it is super easy as well! I’ve given this very old post about how to make oobleck a bit of an update and refresh, so I hope you like it!

What is oobleck?

Gloop or oobleck is just cornflour and water. It’s very easy to make and creates a lovely gooey slime that feels solid when you scrunch it up and liquid if you let it flow through your fingers.

two children playing with bowls of oobleck

Oobleck Recipe

  • Food colouring – optional
  • Ice cube trays – optional
  • Mixing bowl
  • Colander, funnel and beakers – optional, but great for messy fun!

Two girls playing with pink coloured oobleck

Instructions for making cornflour gloop

  • Fill a cup with cornflour and pour it into a bowl
  • Add water slowly, mixing with your hands, until you get a sticky, slimy gloop.
  • If you want to make it coloured, add some food colouring ( be careful this can stain skin and clothes).
  • Play with the slime and see how it behaves. Can you make it into a ball? What happens if you throw it onto the floor?

The Science of Oobleck

Did you notice that if you make a ball with oobleck or gloop, it feels solid, but if you drop the oobleck on the floor, it turns liquid again? The cornflour and water mixture is a Non-Newtonian fluid as it doesn’t flow like liquids normally do.

Cornflour gloop ( oobleck )  is made up of molecules arranged in long chains. When the chains are stretched, the liquid will flow, but when you force them together, they stick together to form a solid.

Child pouring cornflour gloop through a colander with superhero figures

Cornflour Slime Play Ideas

Try squeezing the cornflour gloop into a ball. It should feel solid. Open your hand and watch as the cornflour slime runs through your fingers.

Can you freeze the gloop? Our  frozen Kool Aid oobleck  smelled wonderful.

Try pouring the slime through a colander. What happens? Can you use the slime to trap a small figure or pretend spider?

The always amazing Babble Dabble Do has even more fun activity ideas for you, so don’t forget to check out her blog.

Housing a Forest makes  oobleck dance !

Try adding more and less water to find out if it changes how the oobleck flows.

Oobleck Challenge

Fill a tray of oobleck and try to walk on it!

child standing in a giant black tray of oobleck

I also have a printable instruction sheet available for this. Go to the experiment instructions page to find it.

If you liked this activity, you might like our other messy play ideas , too!

Once you’re finished with the oobleck, leave it somewhere warm to dry out. Then, you can either save it to use again or throw it away.

This activity is also part of my playful science series , which is full of play-based science activities for kids.

Image shows oobleck passing through a sieve as part of a superhero sensory activity for kids

Last Updated on May 13, 2024 by Emma Vanstone

Safety Notice

Science Sparks ( Wild Sparks Enterprises Ltd ) are not liable for the actions of activity of any person who uses the information in this resource or in any of the suggested further resources. Science Sparks assume no liability with regard to injuries or damage to property that may occur as a result of using the information and carrying out the practical activities contained in this resource or in any of the suggested further resources.

These activities are designed to be carried out by children working with a parent, guardian or other appropriate adult. The adult involved is fully responsible for ensuring that the activities are carried out safely.

Reader Interactions

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August 15, 2011 at 7:15 am

I always loved this activity. A favourite was rolling a ball in the hands then handing it to a child and watching it collapse. I would then ask what they thought had happened. Their responses could be very creative.

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August 15, 2011 at 9:11 am

Ooo, going to have a go at this one !

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August 21, 2011 at 4:31 pm

Yup I think it is The Sunday Showcase you are looking for! http://www.classifiedmom.com/2011/08/link-up-you-child-centered-activities.html Link up 😉

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August 21, 2011 at 8:50 pm

you learn something every day – something to pay around with when mu daughter is older. Please keep your blog going so I can refer back to it.

August 21, 2011 at 8:51 pm

you learn something every day – something to pay around with when my daughter is older. Please keep your blog going so I can refer back to it.

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August 22, 2011 at 12:00 am

great for a homeschool science activity – please follow back at http://biguniversesmallworld.blogspot.com

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August 25, 2011 at 7:24 pm

This is a big hit with my two girls (Emily 4 & Phoebe 2) and features in our Little Explorer classes for toddlers/preschoolers too and it is an activity that is always approached with curiosity, awe and amazement! Loving the picture too, this is a good activity around Halloween time especially if using green colouring. To avoid staining, particularly for younger children, we use waterbased paint to colour the ‘goo’. Thanks Lisa

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August 25, 2011 at 8:50 pm

Water based paints are a brilliant idea. Thank you so much for reading and commenting. x

August 26, 2011 at 4:28 am

My kids love to make this stuff! Great post- Thank you for linking up to The Sunday Showcase. Glad you could make it.

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NOTIFICATIONS

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Oobleck – a cornflour and water mixture named after a substance in a Dr Seuss book – initially behaves like a liquid or a jelly. However, when you squeeze it in your hand, it behaves like a solid for a short time. It becomes more viscous when agitated or compressed and belongs to a subset of non-Newtonian fluids called dilatants. When a force is applied to a dilatant, its viscosity increases.

NARRATOR Oobleck is a mixture of cornstarch and water. Oobleck is a non-Newtonian fluid. When some force is applied it reacts like a solid for a short moment before it returns to its liquid behaviour.

oobleck science experiment video

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How to Make Oobleck: Science with Dr. Seuss!

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oobleck science experiment video

Have you ever heard of Oobleck? It is a must try classic science experiment. The Dr. Seuss book Bartholomew and the Oobleck gave us the name to this fun science experiment. It’s a silly one that inspired the name of the cornstarch and water slime that everyone loves to make.

It is a perfect and simple sensory play activity for young children, but it is also a great lesson in science. If you want to know how to make Oobleck you have come to the right place! Read on to get the oobleck recipe you have been looking for. Plus I have a Printable Oobleck Recipe for you to download at the bottom of this post.

oobleck science experiment video

What is Oobleck?

Not only is oobleck fun to play with, it is also a simple science experiment. Your kids will love it if you add this oobleck experiment to their science lessons.

Oobleck is a is a non-newtonian fluid made with a mixture of cornstarch and water. A non-Newtonian fluid is one that doesn’t follow Newton’s law of viscosity. Oobleck is not really a solid or a liquid.  Fluids have a property called viscosity that explains how it flows.  Syrup is more viscous than juice for instance. The viscosity of oobleck is not constant. It changes depending on the amount of pressure applied to it.  When you apply pressure to oobleck  it will stop moving, get firm and behave like a solid, but when you release the pressure it is gooey and behaves like a liquid.

What happens is the larger solid cornstarch particles or molecules form long chains. The smaller water molecules flow between the cornstarch molecules causing the chains to slide and flow around each other. This is why oobleck is in a liquid state when it is not under pressure.

It is a liquid and a solid at once and it is seriously a ton of fun to play with! If you just let your hands sit in the mixture, they will sink in like quicksand. And just like quicksand, the more you move, the harder the mixture gets making you even more stuck!

This stuff is perfect for when you are teaching about different states of matter or properties of matter (solids, liquids and gasses). It is a really fun sensory activity for kids of all ages, too!

Oobleck has a few different names~ goop, oobleck slime or cornstarch slime.  The texture of oobleck is hard to fully describe. You just need to experience it for yourself!

cornstarch slime

Watch How We Played with Oobleck:

This video will show some of the fun ways we played with our Oobleck mixture! You will see how much fun it really is! Children of all ages enjoy playing with this stuff.

Easy Oobleck Recipe

Have you ever wondered how to make homemade Oobleck?  I have a simple oobleck recipe for you. This is so much easier to make than traditional slime! The recipe is super simple to make. You need just two ingredients: Corn starch and Water.

Download the Printable Oobleck Recipe now!

printable oobleck recipe

Note: If you do not have cornstarch, you can try making oobleck with another starchy flour- potato starch supposedly works well, arrowroot flour or corn flour.

How to make oobleck science

The ratio to get oobleck to the right consistency is two parts cornstarch (also called corn flour) to 1 part water. We made ours with 9 cups of cornstarch and 4 1/2 cups of water. You can also add food coloring if you want, but this is totally optional. With all of the cornstarch, it doesn’t tend to get very bright unless you add many many drops of food coloring!

Mix it in a large bowl or plastic bin, or other plastic container.  Use a big a spoon and find a place where messy play is OK. Let the kids have a turn to stir, too. We took ours outside so the kids could get as messy as they wanted and clean up would be easier. (They could be hosed down after!)

After a bunch of play, we divided it out into 4 different bowls and mixed in some coloring. I used liquid watercolors for ours, but food coloring would work just as well! Try swirling colors to make rainbow oobleck! What different ways can you think to experiment with it?  Maybe you could see what happens when you freeze it!

oobleck recipe

I have done this a lot of times with my kids, but it always seems to amaze and excite them. It never gets old. It;’s a fun way to entertain kids on a Summer day!  The bigger kids remember it well, but my younger kids needed a chance to dig in and get messy. Its always fun to re-make an old classic & great science experiment.

making oobleck with cornstarch and water

If you make a big enough batch of it, you can even walk on it!! Your little scientists will love this!  (Full disclosure, that plastic bowl broke during this adventure!)

walking on oobleck

Just a heads up : you do not want to pour this down the drain. It will clog it up. You can also save it for a few days in an airtight container.

Subscribe now to download the printable recipe!

colored oobleck recipe

Bartholomew and the Oobleck

If you have never read the Dr. Seuss book Bartholomew and the Oobleck , it is worth the read. We always love a good, silly Dr. Seuss book. This one is a Caldecott award winner, so you know it is good!

It is about a king who is bored with regular weather and asks his magicians to make something new. Instead of regular rain, oobleck falls from the sky. It rains sticky, gooey oobleck and it makes a huge mess! Bartholomew, a wise page boy, helps solve the problem with just a few simple words.

Bartholomew and the Oobleck

Want even more Hands-on Learning and Messy Play ideas for Kids?

Check out some of these ideas:

See More Sensory Play Materials and Ideas

See More Book Activities for Kids

See More STEM Projects for Kids

Try some more messy play with our Floam Recipe or our Favorite Slime Recipe !

Former school teacher turned homeschool mom of 4 kids. Loves creating awesome hands-on creative learning ideas to make learning engaging and memorable for all kids!

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Gilla: Dela:

oobleck science experiment video

  • 1 package of corn stach, about 400 g (14 oz)
  • 1 large bowl

oobleck science experiment video

Short explanation

Long explanation.

  • What happens if you hit the oobleck?
  • What happens if you squeeze the oobleck hard and then release it?
  • What happens if you slowly lower your hand into the oobleck and then quickly try to pull it back?
  • What happens if you try to bounce a ball on the surface?
  • What happens if you pour the mixture and then cut the resulting "string" with a pair of scissors?
  • What happens if you try to swing the bowl back and forth?
  • What happens if you leave a glass of oobleck for a long time?
  • What happens if you change the amount of water in the mix?
  • What happens if you use some other liquid instead of water, such as milk or soda?
  • What happens if you use some other powder, such as potato starch or wheat flour?

oobleck science experiment video

Gilla: Dela:

oobleck science experiment video

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oobleck science experiment video

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Homemade yogurt

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Screaming dry ice

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oobleck science experiment video

Special: Dry ice color change

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Dry ice smoking soap bubble snake

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Dry ice giant crystal ball bubble

oobleck science experiment video

Dry ice in water

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Gummy bear osmosis

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Floating ping pong ball

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Rotating Earth

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Special: Colored fire

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Special: Fire bubbles

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Cloud in a bottle 2

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How to Make Oobleck

How to Make Oobleck

Do you know how to make oobleck or even what, exactly, it is? Oobleck is the name of a non-Newtonian fluid made by mixing corn starch and water. It has the name “oobleck” because it resembles the green stuff called oobleck in the Dr. Seuss book, “Bartholomew and the Oobleck.”

In the story, the King wants a replacement for rain and snow. The Royal Magicians produce oobleck, a green gelatinous substance that entraps objects and people. Bartholomew saves the day by getting the King to take back his wish, returning the weather to normal.

The oobleck you make is not exactly magical, but it does display interesting properties. Here is how to make it and a look at how it works.

Non-Newtonian Fluids

A non-Newtonian fluid is one that experiences viscosity changes, depending on mechanical conditions. In other words, sometimes it flows like a liquid and other times it does not flow, like a solid . In contrast, a Newtonian fluid maintains pretty much the same viscosity, no matter what you do to it.

There are different types of non-Newtonian fluids. For example, slime is a non-Newtonian fluid that flows under low stress, but breaks under pressure. Ketchup is a non-Newtonian fluid that is a shear-thinning fluid. It does not easily flow, but if you tap or shake a ketchup bottle, its contents suddenly change to a lower viscosity and pour out.

Oobleck is a type of non-Newtonian fluid called a dilatant. A dilatant is a shear-thickening fluid (the opposite of ketchup). Applying shear stress by punching or squeezing instantly thickens oobleck, so it acts like a solid. Releasing stress lets oobleck flow, like a liquid. For example, oobleck supports your weight if you run across a layer of it. But, you sink into it if you walk slowly.

Oobleck is simple to make, inexpensive, non-toxic, and uses familiar ingredients:

  • 1 ½ -2 cups corn starch
  • 1 cup water
  • food coloring (optional)
  • Make any amount of oobleck using 1.5 to 2 parts corn starch to 1 part water. For example, mix together 2 cups of corn starch and 1 cup of water.
  • Add food coloring, if desired. The color of oobleck in the Dr. Seuss story is green.

Unlike slime, oobleck is not sticky. All you need for clean-up is water, unless you use food coloring. Re-use the oobleck as much as you like. When it dries out, just add a bit more water. If it’s too wet, add more corn starch.

Fun Oobleck Activities

Explore the interesting properties of oobleck:

  • Play with a bowl of oobleck. Watch it ooze through your fingers. Squeeze it and feel how it changes consistency.
  • Draw shapes in the oobleck. How long do they last? Does it matter how quickly you draw?
  • Pour a large batch in a metal or plastic bin. Walk through it. See how long it holds you up if you stomp on it.
  • Seal oobleck in a zip-top plastic bag. Compare what happens when you slowly squeeze it to its behavior when you shake it or drop it.
  • Place a dish of oobleck on top of a subwoofer. Play low frequency sounds at high volume and see the forms the oobleck takes.

How Oobleck Works

Oobleck acts the way it does because of the way corn starch and water mix together. They form a colloidal mixture , with large starch grains surrounded by water. At rest, the high surface tension of water forms lubricating droplets around the granules of corn starch. The cushion of water permits flow. Compressing the mixture forces the starch together and locks them in position. So, under shear stress, oobleck behaves more like a crystal.

  • Chhabra, R.P. (2006). Bubbles, Drops, and Particles in Non-Newtonian Fluids (2nd ed.). Hoboken: Taylor & Francis Ltd. ISBN 978-1420015386.
  • Dr. Seuss (1949). Bartholomew and the Oobleck . Random House Books for Young Readers. ISBN: 978-0394900759.
  • Rupp, Rebecca (1998). “Magic Mud and Other Great Experiments”. The Complete Home Learning Source Book . ISBN 9780609801093.
  • Tropea, Cameron; Yarin, Alexander L.; Foss, John F. (2007). Springer Handbook of Experimental Fluid Mechanics . Springer. ISBN 978-3-540-25141-5.

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Oobleck Science Fair Project

Oobleck is a fascinating substance that makes an exceptional choice for a science fair project, especially when you consider that there are so many recipe variations to explore. In this science fair project we test a number of ingredients and recipes to see which one makes the best oobleck, and you will be surprised by our results!

What you will discover in this article!

Finding the perfect oobleck recipe science fair project

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We love a good science fair project. It makes a great learning experience where we can dive deep and explore some fascinating scientific principles. Oobleck is one of our favourite things to study at the moment.

We have already done two really fun science investigations using oobleck:

1 – We created a colour changing oobleck recipe .

2 – we created a glow in the dark oobleck recipe with two types of glow ..

This time we decided to go back to basics and examine our oobleck recipe. Our goal is to see what other ingredients will work in the creation of non-Newtonian fluid and judge the properties of each one to see if any one ingredient is superior and would result in the perfect oobleck recipe.

To do this, we needed to apply the Scientific Method .

For this investigation we have two variables, the liquid and the solid. We decided to keep our liquid the same and use water (with food colouring so we can keep track of which oobleck was made with which ingredient) for each batch. We already explored making oobleck recipes with liquid other than plain water in our previous two investigations.

The variable we are changing (and studying in this project) is the solid. Our plan was to start with the same 2:1 ratio recipe and alter as needed to create a non-Newtonian Fluid (if possible). Then we would explore and test each batch to see how the properties of each one varied.

But before we dive into the experiment, first we need to understand the science of Oobleck, also known as magic mud, goop, oobleck slime, and of course to our science minded folks, a non-Newtonian Fluid.

Finding the best oobleck recipe with surprising results

Non-Newtonian Fluids

Understanding newton’s law of viscosity.

Isaac Newton had a number of theories around fluid dynamics. With oobleck we have a non-Newtonian fluid because it doesn’t follow Newton’s Law of Viscosity which states: the shear stress between adjacent fluid layers is proportional to the negative value of the velocity gradient between the two layers.

Well, I’m sure that makes everything as clear as our magic mud.

So let’s dig into this science a bit and see if we can make some sense of it. This is important stuff if you are presenting a science fair project!

The behaviour of a fluid while flowing is affected by two key properties of the fluid: density and viscosity.

Density is the mass of an object divided by it’s volume. It is the reason ice floats in your drink, ice is less dense than your drink. Or why oil floats on water. Again oil is less dense than water. Lighter fluids will float on heavier fluids. We tested this in our Lollipop Layers experiment .

Viscosity is a fluid’s resistance level when flowing. Think of how water flows compared to molasses. Molasses has much higher viscosity. A simple experiment to demonstrate viscosity is to compare how clean water flows compared to water filled with dirt (aka mud). Mud has much higher viscosity than clean water.

So when we are looking at Newton’s Law of Viscosity we are discussing how fluids react due to the friction created between the molecules when flowing. If there is a lot of friction, it is a thicker liquid and has a higher viscosity.

So Newtonian fluids follow this law of viscosity and flow predictably.

Then there is our beloved Oobleck, a non-Newtonian fluid, that breaks all the rules Sir Isaac Newton so carefully crafted and proposed.

What is the best oobleck recipe?

States of Matter – Is Oobleck A Solid or A Liquid? 

If you have ever played with oobleck you know it doesn’t behave the way you would expect at all. When you apply force to oobleck it becomes a solid. You can actually walk on it, or mold it like play dough, as long as you keep the force up. In fact it becomes so solid and hard that I actually broke a finger nail on oobleck while doing this investigation!

Oobleck slime play dough

But then something a little magical happens. As soon as you release the force and pressure, it turns into a flowing liquid. If you are walking on it and stop, you will sink. If you are squishing it like play dough and relax your hand, it will flow through your fingers.

Non-Newtonian Oobleck slime becomes liquid without pressure

This phenomenon is called “shear thickening” and it occurs in materials made up of microscopic solid particles suspended in a fluid. Oobleck therefore is a suspension. The solid molecules are not dissolving in the liquid, they are simply suspended. When you make oobleck you will see it quickly separates. The suspended molecules settle to the bottom and the liquid rises to the top of the container. Want to know more about the study of shear thickening? Check out this article.

Pro Tip! If you have kids that need some finger strengthening exercises, give them a batch of oobleck with some items hidden in it . It will give them a great finger workout! It is also a great way to work on “gentle” fingers, because the harder you push, the more solid oobleck becomes. Gentle fingers and pressure are the key to working your way through Oobleck. 

How Did Oobleck Get Its Name?

Although this non-Newtonian Fluid goes by many names, including magic mud, goo, goop, or the most common name is Oobleck or Oobleck Slime. Some people spell it oblec or ooblek but the correct spelling is actually oobleck. But where did the term “oobleck” come from? In fact it was created by none other than Dr. Seuss.

Back in 1949 there was a book called Bartholomew and the Oobleck . It is a story about a king who was bored with the weather and asked his team of magicians to create something new to entertain him. The result was this gloopy, sloppy, sticky substance that rained down from the sky on the unsuspecting villagers. A substance that had a lot of properties in common with our beloved non-Newtonian Fluid. It may not have been intentional, but it is a fantastic story of how this magical substance got it’s name.

oobleck science experiment video

So now we know a bit about the history of Oobleck and how Oobleck works, it’s time for some science!

Oobleck Scientific Method

Our goal with this study was to explore different recipe variations for oobleck to see what works and if there was a difference in the resulting oobleck. And we were really surprised by the results! Our hypothesis was that Baby Powder and Potato starch would make oobleck, we were not sure if the other ones would work, but we predicted if one “flour” worked, they all would and that there would be little difference in the properties of the resulting ooblecks.

We kept our procedure quite simple, we made a LOT of oobleck and played with a LOT of oobleck.

For this investigation we have two variables, the liquid and the solid. We decided to keep our liquid the same and use water (with food colouring) for each batch. This makes it our controlled variable. We used food colouring so we didn’t get confused about what ingredient each oobleck was made with.

Our independent variable, or the one we are changing, is the solid. Our plan was to start with the same 2:1 ratio recipe (2 cups solid, 1 cup water) and alter as needed to create a non-Newtonian Fluid (if possible). Then we would explore and test each batch to see how the properties of each one varied.

Our outcomes would be measured based on a successful non-Newtonian Fluid result (solid under pressure, liquid without pressure). We would also do some observations to see if there is any variations in the properties of the oobleck when made with different solids.

The solids we tested were:

Cornstarch Baby Powder (corn starch base, not talc) Flour (baking) Baking Soda Arrowroot Flour (starch) Tapioca Flour (starch) Potato Starch

Oobleck Recipe Ingredient Testing Results

Check out our video comparing all the different recipes that created oobleck!

This is the standard recipe ingredient for oobleck that we have always used in the past. It was used as our basic recipe to which all other recipes were compared. You can get more details on our cornstarch oobleck here .

Oobleck - Science, States of Matter and Senses study all wrapped up into one fantastic project about non-Newtonian liquids

Baby Powder

Click here for a look at our Baby Powder Oobleck in detail. We discovered that baby powder made an oobleck very similar to our regular corn starch. There are two types of baby powder – one uses talc and one uses corn starch. Talc is not used as often now due to some health issues discovered with it. If you try this experiment, check to see if your baby powder is a corn starch base. If it is, it will make oobleck comparable to our regular oobleck recipe. This one just smells like a baby bum.

Learn how to make oobleck with baby powder

For this test we used regular baking flour made from wheat. And it didn’t work. There was no non-Newtonian action at all. I am actually surprised at this (due to our other results) and had to go do more research to understand this result. More on this in a moment in our conclusion and results.

Baking Soda

Using baking soda to make oobleck in the place of corn starch did not work. It simply became a paste. However, if you want to use baking soda in a fascinating oobleck experiment, check out our colour changing oobleck .

Colour changing oobleck recipe and science experiment to inspire young scientific minds

Or we have another fun colour changing Oobleck experiment using thermochromatic pigments here . This project will really heat up your Oobleck investigations!

Arrowroot Flour

Click here for a look at our Arrowroot Flour Oobleck in detail. Arrowroot flour is also known as Arrowroot Starch. This was an interesting result. I was able to make non-Newtonian fluid, but it required different ratios. I had to really decrease the water. For 2 1/4 cups of arrowroot flour, I added only 2/3 cup of water to create our arrowroot flour oobleck recipe. The resulting oobleck had some slightly different properties from our regular oobleck too. It REALLY responded to pressure. Which means it became clumpy and hard very easily. Even when “flowing” when we released the pressure, it would form clumps and lumps as it fell. Far more than our cornstarch oobleck recipe.

Oobleck recipe with flour

Tapioca Flour

Click here for a look at our Tapioca Flour Oobleck in detail. Again, Tapioca Flour is also known as Tapioca Starch. It had similar results to Arrowroot. Once again we had to change our ratios and create a different recipe. We used 2 1/4 cups of Arrowroot Flour and 1 cup of water. Tapicoca Flour Oobleck also had some interesting properties. It became very hard when solid. I actually broke a nail while trying to scoop some up. It almost feels dry and crumbly when under pressure and solid, but when the pressure was released it still flowed.

Oobleck slime made with tapioca flour

Potato Starch

Click here for a look at our Potato Starch Oobleck in detail. This time we were able to successfully make oobleck from potato starch using our standard ratio – 2 cups of potato starch to 1 cup of water. It made a wonderful oobleck, but there was a striking difference. Potato starch oobleck is incredibly silky and smooth. It lacks the sticky, goopiness of the other recipes. It is very luxurious to play with, and honestly very hard to stop playing with. The texture is simply incredible.

Non-Newtonian fluid Oobleck slime made from potato

Our Oobleck Recipe Investigation Conclusion

When it comes to making oobleck there are actually many recipe ingredient options. We did have one result that surprised me though. My initial research showed that wheat flour has similar properties to cornstarch, arrowroot flour, tapioca flour and potato starch. So our hypothesis was that flour would give a similar result to our other “flours.” But it didn’t. It simply formed a paste.

However, after seeing our results I did more research (it may be similar from a cooking perspective but obviously from a science perspective there are differences!) and I believe marketing and branding/naming may be where things got confusing here. Grain flour is milled and starch is part of flour, but through other processes you can extract pure starch. Pure starch interacts with water differently (hence our non-Newtonian fluid) than flour. So although our bags were labelled as Arrowroot flour and Tapioca Flour, I believe they are truly pure starches.

How To Make Oobleck Without Cornstarch

So based on our study, if you want to make oobleck without cornstarch you have a few viable ingredient options for your oobleck recipe. You can use Baby Powder (the type with a corn starch base), Tapioca Flour (Starch), Arrowroot Flour (Starch) or Potato Starch.

What Is The Best Oobleck Recipe? 

Without a single doubt, nothing came close to the potato starch oobleck recipe . The texture is silky luxury, yet it still has the fascinating non-Newtonian Fluid properties we love in Oobleck. The combination just begs to be played with, creating an irresistible substance everyone will just want to get their fingers into.

Is Oobleck Toxic? Can you eat it?

Oobleck is absolutely not toxic. In all of the recipes we tested, we used ingredients from the pantry (with the exception of baby powder), and as such is taste safe and technically you could eat it, but why would you want to? I really don’t know. But if your little one is playing and licks their fingers, you don’t have to worry.

Tips For Using, Storing and Disposing of Oobleck

Just a reminder that Oobleck is a suspension, which means the molecules will separate form the liquid as it sits and fall to the bottom of the container (with the liquid floating on top). You can just mix it up again before playing.

If you want to save your oobleck for a day or so, make sure it is kept in an airtight container.

Similar to slime and other hands on sensory items, I don’t recommend keeping these for long periods of time. Especially if you have multiple kids playing with it. These mediums are great breeding grounds for bacteria and other nasties. So make it, play with it, and toss it. Then simply make a new batch next time you want to play. Safety always comes first and I prefer to err on the side of caution when it comes to these inexpensive sensory experiences. Especially when they are so quick and easy to make.

As water evaporates from the solution it will dry out and eventually return to powder form. This is actually really good information to know to help with clean up! Simply let it dry out and sweep it up.

Or if you want to play with your oobleck again, simply add water.

When disposing of oobleck, scrape it into the garbage. Do not wash it all down the drain. You will end up with a big plumbing bill. The bits that do go down the drain, make sure they are flushed with lots of water.

Remember, oobleck is non-toxic and taste safe. However I really don’t think it would taste very good!

Oobleck Learning Centre

Oobleck learning centers can be an amazing classroom project! We developed a fun How to Make Oobleck Break Out Box project inspired by this Oobleck Science Fair investigation. It will have your students working in pairs or small groups, using their critical thinking skills and exploring the properties of Oobleck. Worksheets are included in this fun sensory science project for your next science experiment or science center activity.

Break Out Box Challenge How to Make Oobleck For Classrooms

Happy ooblecking!

Oobleck Science Fair Project

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Oobleck – the cornstarch and water experiment.

This may just be the easiest, messiest, and most fun science activity I know. It is a classic, and I have gotten several requests recently to post directions. You should know that if you try this activity and  you are not smiling and messy with corn starch goo at the end, then you are definitely doing something wrong. Also keep in mind that this is not just about fun, there is some pretty amazing science going on here.

You will need:

  • Cornstarch (a 16 oz. box is good for every 2-3 participants – but more is always better)
  • Food coloring (we always say it’s optional, but it does make it more fun – don’t use too much or you could end up with colored hands…and clothes…and curtains)
  • A large bowl
  • A camera – you’re probably going to want to take pictures.

Everyone should roll up their sleeves and prepare for some gooey fun.

oobleck science experiment video

  • This is easy. Pour the cornstarch into the bowl. Don’t rush to add water – take time to feel the cornstarch. Cornstarch does not feel like any other powder. It has a texture that can be compared to that of whipped cream. The grains of cornstarch are so small that they will fill into grooves of your fingerprints and make the prints stand out.
  • After you’ve taken-in the feel of the powder, it is time to add water. (You should add the food coloring to your water before adding it to the powder.) There are no exact formulas regarding how much water to add, but it will end up being about 1/2 cup (120 ml) of water per cup (235 ml) of cornstarch. The secret is to add the water slowly and mix as you add it. Don’t be shy here – dig in with your hands and really mix it up. This is usually when you notice that this is not your average liquid. Add enough water so that the mixture slowly flows on its own when mixed. The best test is to reach in and grab a handful of the mixture and see if you can roll it into a ball between your hands – if you stop rolling it and it “melts” between your fingers – success!

We’ll get the the science soon, for now just dig in and explore. Notice that the goo does not splash (or even move) if you hit it quickly. Squeeze it hard and see what happens. How long can you get the strands of goo to drip? What happens if you let the goo sit on the table for a minute and then try to pick it up? How does it feel? Hows does it move? Try bouncing a ball on the surface of the cornstarch. You get the idea – explore!

30 minutes later…

So now goo is everywhere and you’re thinking you should probably start cleaning. Actual clean up of the goo is a snap. A bucket of warm water will quickly get it off your hands. It will brush off of clothes when it dries, and it is easily cleaned off surfaces with a wet rag.

Important : Make sure you do not dump the goo down the drain – it can get caught in the drain trap and take the joy out of your day of science. Dump it in the trash, or even mix it into soil in the garden.

oobleck science experiment video

Now for the science… Our cornstarch goo (sometimes referred to as “oobleck” from the Dr. Suess book) is what scientists call a “Non-Newtonian” liquid. Basically, Sir Issac Newton stated individual liquids flow at consistent, predictable rates. As you likely discovered, cornstarch goo does NOT follow those rules – it can act almost like a solid, and them flow like a liquid. Technically speaking, the goo is a SUSPENSION, meaning that the grains of starch are not dissolved, they are just suspended and spread out in the water. If you let the goo sit for an while, the cornstarch would settle to the bottom of the bowl.

So why does this concoction act the way it does? Most of it has to do with pressure. The size, shape, and makeup of the cornstarch grains causes the cornstarch to “lock-up” and hold its shape when pressure is applied to it. People have filled small pools with oobleck and they are able to walk across the surface of it (as long as they move quickly.) As soon as they stop walking, they begin to sink.

I hope you get to try this out. Let us know how your day with non-newtonian liquids went.  Have fun exploring!

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How To Make Oobleck

Are you wondering how to make oobleck? Oobleck is a classic science experiment that perfectly demonstrates a non-Newtonian fluid! Is it a liquid or a solid?

oobleck science experiment video

How to Make Oobleck: Easy Oobleck Recipe

Oobleck recipe video:, oobleck ingredients:.

  • 2 cups cornstarch or corn flour
  • 1 cup water
  • Food Coloring (optional)
  • Small Plastic Figurines or Items (optional)
  • Baking Dish, Spoon

Instructions:

STEP 1: Add the cornstarch to your bowl or baking dish. Mix two parts cornstarch with one part water.

Note: Mixing the oobleck in a bowl and then transferring it to a baking dish or tray may be easier.

STEP 2:  Add the water to the cornstarch. If you want to give your oobleck a color such as green, add food coloring to your water first. If you want to add swirls of food coloring after you mix the oobleck, you can also do that.

NOTE: Remember that you have a lot of white cornstarch, so you will need a good amount of food coloring if you want a more vibrant color.

adding green water to cornstarch

STEP 3:  MIx! You can stir your oobleck with a spoon, but I guarantee you will need to get your hands in there at some point during the mixing process.

STORING OOBLECK: You can store your oobleck in an airtight container, but I would not use it for longer than a day or two and check for mold before using it. If it has dried out some, add a very tiny amount of water to rehydrate it, but just a very tiny bit. A little goes a long way!

DISPOSING OF OOBLECK : When you’re done enjoying your oobleck, the best option is to scrape most of the mixture into the trash. The thick substance may be too much for your sink drain to handle!

Using a spoon to mix cornstarch and water

Is Oobleck a Solid or a Liquid?

Oobleck is a fantastic, fun, simple, and quick science lesson for kids of all ages. Even your youngest scientist will be amazed by it. What state of matter is oobleck? Here we combine a liquid and a solid, but the mixture doesn’t become one or the other.

A solid has its shape, whereas a liquid will take the shape of the container. Oobleck is a bit of both! Learn more about states of matter here.

A non-Newtonian fluid , like oobleck, behaves neither like a liquid nor a solid but shares both properties. Its viscosity, or thickness, changes when force is applied or removed. You can pick up a clump of the substance like a solid, but it will ooze back into the bowl like a liquid. It feels firm and solid to the touch, but applying more pressure causes your fingers to sink into it like a liquid.

Also, check out our Electroactive Oobleck … It’s electric!

Is Oobleck a solid?

A solid does not need a container to keep its shape like a rock.

Oobleck being shown as a solid

Or is Oobleck a liquid?

A liquid takes the shape of any container or flows freely if not put in a container.

Oobleck being shown as a liquid

Oobleck Recipe Variations

Grab this free jr. scientist challenge calendar with clickable links.

oobleck science experiment video

More Ways To Experiment With Oobleck

This oobleck experiment helps kids develop scientific inquiry skills and understand the basic principles of materials and their properties by introducing variables and encouraging them to make comparisons and predictions.

Start by making a standard batch of oobleck using a specific ratio of cornstarch to water. This will be the “control” oobleck for the experiment.

Variable 1: Changing Ratios

Prepare additional batches of oobleck with different ratios of cornstarch to water. For example, make one with more cornstarch and less water and another with more and less.

Encourage kids to observe and compare the properties of each batch. Does changing the ratio affect the oobleck’s behavior? Is it more liquid-like or solid-like?

Variable 2: Adding Objects

Place different objects in the oobleck (e.g., small toys, plastic shapes, coins). Observe how the oobleck interacts with these objects.

Ask kids to predict whether certain objects will sink or float in the oobleck. Record their predictions and compare them to the actual outcomes.

Variable 3: Temperature Experiment

Prepare two batches of oobleck, one using cold water and another using warm water. Discuss the impact of temperature on the oobleck’s properties.

Observe if there are differences in how the oobleck behaves at different temperatures. Does it change its consistency or flow differently?

💡 EXTRA: Try freezing oobleck!

Variable 4: Time Experiment

Set up a timed experiment to observe changes in the oobleck over time. After applying pressure, measure how long it takes for the oobleck to revert from a solid to a liquid state.

Discuss the viscosity concept and how it relates to the time it takes for the oobleck to return to a liquid state.

Record Observations: Have kids record their observations, predictions, and conclusions in a simple scientific journal. Please encourage them to use drawings, words, and measurements.

Discussion: Conclude the experiment by discussing the results. Ask questions about what they observed and if their predictions were accurate. Discuss the scientific concepts behind the changes in Oobleck’s properties.

Simple Science Experiments For Kids

If your preschooler through middle schooler is looking for simpler science activities like oobleck, this home science experiment list is a great place to start!

oobleck science experiment video

Printable Science Projects For Kids

If you’re looking to grab all of our printable science projects in one convenient place plus exclusive worksheets and bonuses like a STEAM Project pack, our Science Project Pack is what you need! Over 300+ Pages!

  • 90+ classic science activities  with journal pages, supply lists, set up and process, and science information.  NEW! Activity-specific observation pages!
  • Best science practices posters  and our original science method process folders for extra alternatives!
  • Be a Collector activities pack  introduces kids to the world of making collections through the eyes of a scientist. What will they collect first?
  • Know the Words Science vocabulary pack  includes flashcards, crosswords, and word searches that illuminate keywords in the experiments!
  • My science journal writing prompts  explore what it means to be a scientist!!
  • Bonus STEAM Project Pack:  Art meets science with doable projects!
  • Bonus Quick Grab Packs for Biology, Earth Science, Chemistry, and Physics

oobleck science experiment video

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Love this amazing oobleck recipe. Look so delicious and yummy. Thank you for sharing it.

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38 Oobleck Experiments

Brian N. Siegelwax

Brian N. Siegelwax

Having Fun With Everyone’s Favorite Non-Newtonian Fluid

I had never heard of oobleck, not even from Dr. Seuss, until I bought a chemistry book for my pre-teen that mentioned the sometimes-liquid and sometimes-solid properties of a mixture of cornstarch and water. We learned together, during homeschooling, that this is one type of non-Newtonian fluid, which is to say a fluid that does not…

Brian N. Siegelwax

Written by Brian N. Siegelwax

Independent Quantum Algorithm Designer https://www.linkedin.com/in/brian-siegelwax https://twitter.com/BSiegelwax?s=09 https://github.com/bsiegelwax

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COMMENTS

  1. Oobleck science experiment

    Learn about different types of matter and how to make a special substance, called oobleck, which is both a solid and a liquid at once!

  2. Cool Science Experiment #6 (Oobleck: the Amazing Liquid/Solid ...

    Oobleck is a non-Newtonian fluid that can be both a liquid and a solid.Let me know how you liked my video in the comments below. If you have any ideas for fu...

  3. Oobleck at Home STEM Experiment

    Create oobleck and learn about non-Newtonian fluids. Want to feel more like a scientist? Check out our lab reports and more experiments for students by going...

  4. It's a Solid... It's a Liquid... It's Oobleck!

    This substance's funny name comes from a Dr. Seuss book called Bartholomew and the Oobleck. Materials. • 1 cup of water. • 1 to 2 cups of cornstarch. • Mixing bowl. • Food coloring ...

  5. Oobleck: the Dr. Seuss Science Experiment

    Oobleck is a classic science experiment that's perfect for entertaining both kids and adults. If you haven't seen it in action it's very fascinating stuff and before too long you'll have your hands covered with it, happily making a mess that can be washed away with water. Oobleck is a non-newtonian fluid.

  6. Outrageous Oobleck

    WATCH THE QUICK AND EASY VIDEO TUTORIAL . How it Works: The corn starch and water mixture we call Outrageous Oobleck is a non-Newtonian as it can act as a liquid or solid. Allowing Outrageous Oobleck to flow through your fingers will act as a liquid but a quick force on oobleck will cause it to behave as a solid. Make This A Science Project:

  7. How to make oobleck

    Instructions for making cornflour gloop. Fill a cup with cornflour and pour it into a bowl. Add water slowly, mixing with your hands, until you get a sticky, slimy gloop. If you want to make it coloured, add some food colouring ( be careful this can stain skin and clothes). Play with the slime and see how it behaves.

  8. Oobleck

    Oobleck - a cornflour and water mixture named after a substance in a Dr Seuss book - initially behaves like a liquid or a jelly. However, when you squeeze it in your hand, it behaves like a solid for a short time. It becomes more viscous when agitated or compressed and belongs to a subset of non-Newtonian fluids called dilatants. When a force is applied to a dilatant, its viscosity increases.

  9. How to Make Oobleck: Science with Dr. Seuss!

    The ratio to get oobleck to the right consistency is two parts cornstarch (also called corn flour) to 1 part water. We made ours with 9 cups of cornstarch and 4 1/2 cups of water. You can also add food coloring if you want, but this is totally optional. With all of the cornstarch, it doesn't tend to get very bright unless you add many many ...

  10. How to Make Oobleck Slime Science Experiment Emily's ...

    Learn how to make your own oobleck slime at home with simple ingredients: water, cornstarch, and food coloring (optional). Now YOU can explore the science of...

  11. Magic Color Changing Oobleck Science Experiment

    Apply pressure in any way, and it is solid. Let go of the oobleck and it will flow through your fingers. Rest your hand without pressure and your hand will sink. It is fascinating to play with, and in this science experiment we have upped the cool factor by using chemistry to change the colour of our oobleck like magic.

  12. Oobleck

    Oobleck is a mixture of water and corn starch where the corn starch doesn't dissolve completely in the water, but exists as microscopically small lumps. In chemical terms - the corn starch and the water are still in separate phases. Because there is so much corn starch in the mixture, these lumps are so numerous that they touch each other.

  13. How to Make Oobleck

    Oobleck is simple to make, inexpensive, non-toxic, and uses familiar ingredients: 1 ½ -2 cups corn starch. 1 cup water. food coloring (optional) Make any amount of oobleck using 1.5 to 2 parts corn starch to 1 part water. For example, mix together 2 cups of corn starch and 1 cup of water. Add food coloring, if desired.

  14. Oobleck Science Fair Project

    This time we were able to successfully make oobleck from potato starch using our standard ratio - 2 cups of potato starch to 1 cup of water. It made a wonderful oobleck, but there was a striking difference. Potato starch oobleck is incredibly silky and smooth. It lacks the sticky, goopiness of the other recipes.

  15. Oobleck

    Pour the cornstarch into the bowl. Don't rush to add water - take time to feel the cornstarch. Cornstarch does not feel like any other powder. It has a texture that can be compared to that of whipped cream. The grains of cornstarch are so small that they will fill into grooves of your fingerprints and make the prints stand out.

  16. Oobleck: A Recipe for a Mesmerizing Mixture

    Add 1 tablespoon of the cornstarch to the small bowl or cup. Image Credit: Sandra Slutz, Science Buddies / Science Buddies. Fill the empty cup, mug, or drinking glass with water. Use the medicine dropper to add water from the cup to the small bowl with the cornstarch. Add the water one drop at a time, counting as you go.

  17. Why Is Oobleck Both Hard & Soft?

    Why does oobleck - a mixture of cornflour and water - behave so unusually? Rad Yeo throws eggs at this mysterious non-Newtonian fluid to show you how to make...

  18. How To Make Oobleck Recipe

    STEP 1: Add the cornstarch to your bowl or baking dish. Mix two parts cornstarch with one part water. Note: Mixing the oobleck in a bowl and then transferring it to a baking dish or tray may be easier. STEP 2: Add the water to the cornstarch. If you want to give your oobleck a color such as green, add food coloring to your water first.

  19. 38 Oobleck Experiments

    Recipe. To make oobleck, slowly add water to cornstarch. That's it. It's ready when slow movements reshape it but rapid movements cause it to solidify and resist reshaping. 1 Shape it. Smack it. On March 7, 2021, we conducted the "textbook" oobleck experiment.

  20. How to Make Oobleck

    Making oobleck is a great science and sensory project combined into one fun activity! Learn more about "Lyla in the Loop," a new animated series full of fun, adventure, and creative problem ...

  21. This is OOBLECK! A Non-Newtonian Fluid #DIY

    Oobleck is a suspension of cornstarch and water that can behave like a solid or a liquid depending on how much pressure you apply. Try to make it yourself!

  22. Oobleck: the Dr. Seuss Science Experiment

    Oobleck is a classic science experiment that's perfect for entertaining both kids and adults. Oobleck is a non-newtonian fluid. That is, it acts like a liqui...

  23. Rainbow Skittles Science Experiment

    While doing the Skittles science experiment you will observe and understand the process of dissolution, diffusion, and color separation. By placing a circle of Skittles candies on a plate or in a ...

  24. Oobleck Excavation Fun And Easy Science Experiment

    In this video we will show you how to turn a simple batch of oobleck (cornstarch and water) into a fun and easy excavation activity.

  25. Science Experiment

    Subscribe for more EXCITING chases ️ https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRcWJek1xMiquUIW5dymWvg?sub_confirmation=1EMD is the story of a constant chase between...