what is coursework in uk universities

What is Coursework at University?

In University by Think Student Editor October 5, 2023 Leave a Comment

Compared to the rest of the British education system, university can seem so very different. Lessons are now lectures or seminars, you have complete independence, and you even have the option to live on campus. Plus, there are so many other differences on top of this. This might make you wonder if the components of studying at university are different as well, especially in terms of how the course works. One of the components that’s important to look at in this way is coursework and how it differs at university.

In short, at university coursework is similar to at previous levels of education, where coursework is a form of assessment without exams that helps to make up your grade. At university, this is because successfully completing coursework helps you to pass modules, allowing you to get your qualification. This coursework can come in many different forms and the types you do will depend on your course and your university. However, some of the main types are essays, reports and projects, including research projects such as dissertations.

Continue reading to learn more about what coursework is at university. This article will take you through how coursework works at university and what some of the main types of university coursework are.

Table of Contents

Is there coursework at university?

When thinking about coursework, we tend to be more familiar with the term when it’s associated with school or college. In this case, coursework is a form of internally assessed assignment that will make up a part of your grade.

As a form of assessment, it will often be essential to help you to get your qualification, whether that’s for a GCSE/ National 5 qualification, an A-Level/ Higher or Advanced Higher or a more vocational qualification, such as a BTEC or a T-Level. For more information about what coursework is like at this stage, check out this guide by NI Direct.

As university can feel so different from school or college, you may be wondering whether or not there even is coursework at university and whether it works in the same way.

Simply put, yes, there is coursework at university . In fact, some universities state that most modules will have some form of coursework involved in them.

Students take a range of modules to make up their degree programmes. This means that students are very likely to do at least a bit of coursework in a few of their modules across the course of their studies. You can learn more about this by checking out this page on the University of St Andrews website.

What do you do in coursework at university?

At university there is so much more variation in what you can study and how you study it. From the different classifications of degree, even just within the undergraduate level, from foundation degrees to all the different kinds of bachelor’s degree, such as the BA, BSc or LLB, to all of the other kinds of qualification that you can do at university.

Due to all of this variation, there should be no surprise that in each of these different kinds of courses, students will be taught in different ways. Moreover, there isn’t any actual standardisation across universities, meaning that even on very similar courses, students can be taught with completely different methods.

As a result of this, the coursework that you do at university will completely depend on your course and your university. However, there are some common types of coursework that are done.

Some of these main ones are essays, reports and projects . For more information about what different types of coursework at university might be, you can check out this page by the University of Leeds.

You can learn more about these in their respective sections below.

Is an essay a type of coursework at university?

An essay is an academic piece of writing where students will have to make an argument in response to a certain question. In secondary school and college, you may have come across essays in the form of exam questions, where they would be valued in terms of their marks. For example, you may have had to do a “10-marker”, a “20-marker” and so on.

Alternatively, you may have come across them as part of your own coursework or NEAs, particularly in humanities subjects, where the knowledge and argument you present would be more detailed and in-depth. For university study, essays as a form of coursework, are more similar to the latter as they will need to be well-researched and in-depth .

However, university is at a higher level that school and college . As a result, university essays will need to be as well with students needing to carry out some independent research and reading before they can start the essay rather than relying just on what they have been taught.

You can learn more about essays as a form of coursework at university on this page by the University of Nottingham.

Is a report a type of coursework at university?

Reports and lab reports are a type of coursework that you will probably not have directly come across in previous study, although you may have done something a bit similar. Unlike an essay, a report is purely factual and objective, where the main aim is to present findings and to analyse the data collected, rather than to make an argument.

While they are particularly present in the sciences and social science subjects, reports are a form of coursework that can be used across a large variety of different subjects. Due to this, there are many different types of report and which one you may have to undertake as a part of your coursework will depend on your degree.

For more information about this, look at this page on the University of York’s website.

One of the main types of report is a lab report. This is a type of report done by sciences students after an experiment has been done. You can learn more about them by checking out this guide by the University of Nottingham.

Is a project a type of coursework at university?

For university study, a project as a form of coursework can refer to a few different modes of study. First of all, when talking about a project, we might be referring to a research project.

A research project is an extended essay that students complete by undertaking and then presenting their own research and comparing this to the preexisting ideas. This kind of research project will typically be big and may even be an entire module.

In cases like this, the research project will most likely be in the form of a dissertation or even a thesis if done at doctorate level. You can learn more about this type of project by looking at this page on the University of Sheffield’s website and for more on dissertations, look at the following section.

However, projects can also be in the form of group projects that can vary a bit more across universities. For example, at Imperial College London, students undertake a multidisciplinary group project to try and come up with solutions to the biggest social challenges. You can learn more about this on this page on their website.

Also, the University of Edinburgh Business School runs group consultancy projects at both undergraduate and master’s degree levels. For more information about this, check out this page on their website.

Is a dissertation a type of coursework at university?

At university in the UK, a dissertation is a type of research project that can be taken by students for either a bachelor’s degree or a master’s degree. As an extended essay, students will need to produce an answer to a specific question of somewhere between 5,000 and 50,000 words depending on the university and whether it is a bachelor’s or master’s degree that you’re doing.

There are different kinds of dissertation and depending on which kind students do will depend on how they go about writing it. For an empirical dissertation, students will need to carry out research and collect data first hand to use as part of their dissertation. Whereas for a non-empirical dissertation, students will have to research into data and information that is pre-existing.

You can learn more about what a dissertation is by looking at this Think Student article .

As previously mentioned, one of the main types of coursework at university are projects, including research projects. This means that yes, dissertations are a type of coursework at university as they are types of research project.

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Types of degrees in the UK

Learn about the different types of degrees at undergraduate and postgraduate level that you can choose from when applying to university..

What’s the difference between undergraduate and postgraduate?

Undergraduate degrees, postgraduate degrees, other qualifications and degree courses.

While both undergraduate and postgraduate degrees are higher education qualifications, only undergraduate degrees are available to students once they finish school. You’re typically only eligible for a postgraduate degree once you’ve completed an undergraduate degree.

Undergraduate degrees are either level 4, 5 or 6 qualifications, with postgraduate degrees sitting at level 7 or 8. In Scotland, awards are at level 9 or 10 for an undergraduate degree, and level 11 and 12 for master's and doctorates.

Studying for an undergraduate degree usually involves broadly covering different areas of a subject, whereas postgraduate degrees are about specialising within a particular area of that subject. Postgraduate degrees are also more self-driven and research-intensive, with fewer lectures, tutorials and labs in most cases. Unless you’re doing a PhD, postgraduate courses generally take less time to complete.

What is an undergraduate degree?

An undergraduate degree is typically the next level of academic qualification that follows high school. They’re usually a student’s first degree, studied at university or another higher education provider. Students either move into employment or further study once they’ve completed an undergraduate degree.

There are different undergraduate courses you can study:

Bachelor’s degree

A bachelor’s degree involves studying one, or sometimes two, subjects in detail. It’s the most common undergraduate degree in the UK and is a level 6 qualification (level 9 or 10 in Scotland). Typical classifications include:

• Bachelor of Arts (BA)
• Bachelor of Science (BSc)
• Bachelor of Education (BEd)
• Bachelor of Engineering (BEng)
• Bachelor of Laws (LLB)
• Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MB ChB)

If you study in Scotland, you may sometimes be awarded an MA for your undergraduate degree; however the qualification is equivalent to a bachelor’s degree.

Choosing a course in one subject is known as a single honours degree. You may also be able to study a minor subject alongside the major subject for a portion of your degree, known as a major/minor honours degree. The degree title names the major subject with the minor subject afterwards, for example Psychology with Criminology, or Law with International Relations.

Studying two or three major subjects as part of a bachelor’s degree is called a combined or joint honours degree. You’ll pick several modules per subject, rather than doing every module for each subject. Each subject you take will hold equal weight towards your final degree grade. Examples of joint honours degrees include Law and Spanish, or Accounting and Business.

How long it takes to study

It’ll typically take three years if you’re studying full-time. Some courses, such as those with a year abroad or with a placement year, can take four years. Some subjects – like Medicine, Dentistry or Vet Science – can take up to five or six years. Your degree will take longer if you study part-time.

Honours degrees in Scotland take four years to complete.

Intercalated or integrated degrees

Some courses may give the option to take a break in the main undergraduate programme to study a separate qualification – an intercalated degree. This may be an option if you are studying medicine or dentistry. It means you could finish your studies having graduated with two degrees.

An integrated master’s course incorporates a master’s-level qualification into an undergraduate programme. Courses are usually four years long, with the final year of study at postgraduate level.

Entry qualifications required

Most universities and higher education institutions will ask for A Levels or equivalent (such as BTECs, International Baccalaureate or Scottish Highers), along with minimum GCSE grades. Grades needed will vary depending on the course and uni.

UK students studying at a UK university will pay no more than £9,250 per year. Tuition fees for international students range between £12,500 and £37,293 per year. Clinical courses such as Medicine may have annual fees as high as £64,000.

You can find specific details on entry requirements, fees and assessments for any bachelor’s degree by using our course search . Make sure you are viewing the details as a student from the correct nation for where you live.

Foundation year/foundation diploma

A foundation diploma, or a foundation year, is an introductory course designed to bridge the gap between finishing school and starting a bachelor’s degree. This one-year qualification is for students who don’t meet the entry requirements for a bachelor’s degree and is offered by most universities or further education (FE) colleges.

A foundation diploma or a foundation year will only take one year studying full-time.

Entry requirements are much lower than a bachelor’s degree. Many courses will also accept non-traditional qualifications. Specific qualifications will vary by course and institution.

Expect to pay the same price per year as a bachelor’s degree. This will be up to £9,250 for UK students, and more for international students.

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Foundation degree

A foundation degree (FdA, FdSc) is different from a foundation year or a foundation diploma. It’s a level 5 qualification that has an emphasis on practice-based learning. They’re equivalent to the first two years of a bachelor’s degree and usually involve a mix of academic study and workplace experience. Students either go straight into work after a foundation degree or move into the final year of a bachelor’s.

Two years if you’re studying full-time. Part-time will be three to four years.

Entry requirements vary by course and institution. Some will require certain GCSEs and A Levels (or equivalent), while others prioritise workplace learning.  

Foundation degrees cost between £ 6,000 to £9,250 per year, depending on the course and institution. Your employer may help cover the cost of fees if you’re already employed. International students will pay a higher rate.

Find the specific entry requirements, fees and assessment details for any foundation degree through our course search . Remember to view the details as a student from where you live in order to see the correct fee.

Top-up degree

Students who’ve completed a level 5 qualification such as a foundation degree can choose this path to upgrade their qualification to a full bachelor’s degree.

You’ll complete a top-up degree in one year if studying full-time. Part-time students usually take 18 months.

You’ll need to have finished a two-year qualification, which could be a foundation degree, a Higher National Diploma or a level 5 Business and Technology Education Council (BTEC) course. Most universities will want this qualification to be in the same subject as the top-up degree.

A top-up degree will cost about the same as one year of a bachelor’s degree. This will be no more than £9,250 for UK students but international students will pay more.

Use our course search to find the specific entry requirements, fees and assessment details for any top-up degree. View the details based on where you live to see the correct tuition fee.

Higher National Certificate

A Higher National Certificate (HNC) is a one-year undergraduate equivalent to the first year of university. It’s a level 4 practice-based qualification taken by those wanting to either train for a specific career or move into the second year of a bachelor’s degree.

HNCs take one year to complete when studying full-time, and two years if studying part-time.

The entry requirements tend to be lower than a bachelor’s degree. You’ll need one or two A Levels, or equivalent qualification.

An HNC course will cost between £5,000 and £9,250 a year for UK students, depending on where and what you study. Tuition fees may be lower for an HNC taught by a further education college rather than a university. Fees can be more expensive for international students.

You can use our course search to find the specific fees for any HNC course, along with entry requirements and assessment details.

Higher National Diploma

A Higher National Diploma (HND) is similar to an HNC, but it’s a two-year level 5 qualification equivalent to the first two years of a bachelor’s degree. This vocational qualification is designed for those wishing to learn skills in a practical area or to enter the third year of a bachelor’s degree upon completion.

HNDs take two years for full-time students, and anywhere between three and four years for part-time students.

Like an HNC, entry requirements are often lower than a bachelor’s degree. Most courses will want you to have at least one or two A Levels, or an equivalent qualification.

Each year will cost between £6,500 to £9,250 if you’re a UK student. Fees in Scotland can be as low as £1,285 for students from Scotland. International students are charged more than domestic students.

Our course search will take you to the course pages, where you can find specific details on fees, as well as required qualifications and how you’ll be assessed during the course.

Certificate of Higher Education

This level 4 vocational qualification is ideal for those unable to commit to a full three-year degree. It’s equivalent to both an HNC and the first year of a bachelor’s degree, often used by students to progress into further study. A Certificate of Higher Education (CertHE) tends to be more academic than practice-based.

Studying full-time is likely to take one year, with part-time courses taking two.

Although some courses will require A Levels or equivalent, others have no prerequisite entry requirements. You may need at least a C in GCSE English, and some subjects such as Design or Photography will want a portfolio of your work.

A CertHE should cost the same as one year of a bachelor’s degree. This will be up to £9,250 for UK students and more for international students.

Visit our course search to find specific course fees, along with the qualifications you’ll need and the assessment details for each course.

Diploma of Higher Education

A Diploma of Higher Education (DipHE) is a level 5 qualification holding the same weight as an HND or two years of a bachelor’s degree. The focus will be on academic study and completing a DipHE will allow you to move onto the final year of a bachelor’s degree.

Studying a DipHE full-time will take two years. Part-time study will take longer.

These are the same as for a CertHE. Remember that they can vary based on what you study and where.

Each year will cost up to £9,250 for UK students and more for international students – the same as a bachelor’s degree.

For full details on course entry requirements, fees and assessments, use our course search and find the specific page of the course you’re interested in.

Certificate of Continuing Education (CertCE)

A CertCE qualification is for those after a taste of higher education. It equates to 60 undergraduate degree credits at level 4 or 5, so about half a year of study, and can lead into a full undergraduate degree.

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What is a postgraduate degree?

A postgraduate degree is the next level of study after an undergraduate degree. It can be a level 7 or level 8 qualification in England and Wales or level 11 or 12 in Scotland.

Postgraduate qualifications allow you to specialise in a specific area of the subject you studied as an undergraduate student. There are also conversion courses available if you wish to change your career path.

Postgraduate degrees are either ‘taught’ or ‘research’. Taught degrees often involve lectures, tutorials and labs like an undergraduate degree. Academic tutors mostly lead this teaching and types of taught postgraduate degrees include master’s degrees, postgraduate certificates and diplomas.

Research degrees are for those looking for more independent study. Guided by an academic tutor or professor, you’ll conduct your own academic research based on an original research question you’ve come up with. Types of research degrees include doctorates (PhD) and some master’s courses.

• Postgraduate students guide

Master’s degree

A master’s degree is the most widely studied degree at postgraduate level. It’s a level 7 qualification that you can take upon completing a bachelor’s degree or equivalent. Common master’s degrees include:

• Master of Arts (MA)
• Master of Science (MSc)
• Master of Education (MEd)
• Master of Research (MRes)
• Master of Philosophy (MPhil)
• Master of Business Administration (MBA)
• Master's Degree in Law (LLM)

Taught master’s degrees are most common, but some universities also offer research master’s. A research master’s is more self-driven and independent, focused on completing a research project.

Master’s degrees can also be integrated into an undergraduate or doctoral degree, as part of a single programme of study, such as Master of Engineering (MEng).

Those wishing to study a doctorate (PhD) must first complete a master’s.

A master’s degree will usually take one year if studying full-time, or two years part-time. Some undergraduate courses have a master’s degree included. These degrees take four years if studying full-time.

Most master’s degrees will ask for at least a 2:2 bachelor’s degree in a related subject. Some courses will want a 2:1 or higher. International students will need to have the academic equivalent, which will be listed on the course page of the university’s website.

Costs will vary based on what you choose to study and where. One year of a master’s degree could be anywhere between £4,950 and £41,500 for UK students, with higher prices for international students.

Full details on specific fees, qualifications needed and how you’ll be assessed for any master’s degree can be found using our course search . View the details based on where you live to see the correct tuition fee.

• Types of master’s degrees

Master of Business Administration

A Master of Business Administration (MBA) is a level 7 postgraduate qualification ideal for those looking to advance their knowledge of business. You’ll choose from several optional modules, alongside a dissertation or work-based project. Many courses also offer the chance to study abroad or get workplace experience.

Most MBA courses will take between 12 and 15 months if studying full-time. Accelerated or online courses may take even less time. Studying an Executive MBA part-time can take up to two years, which is a common option as many students prefer to work while they study.

A 2:1 bachelor’s degree in any subject is a prerequisite for most MBA courses. You may also need two or three years of work experience in a business role. If you have significant work experience, but don’t have a 2:1, you may still be considered. Most MBA courses will ask you to sit the Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT) as part of your application. Some may also accept GRE scores (Graduate Record Examinations General Test).

MBAs typically fall within the range of £16,000 to £40,000 although costs for the most exclusive business schools can be more than £71,000. International students may be charged more – but some courses make no differentiation in fees for UK or overseas students.

To find out exact fees, qualifications needed and assessment details for any MBA course, head over to our course search and start exploring. Make sure to set the location for where you currently live to see the correct fee.

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Master’s Degree in Law

A Master’s Degree in Law (LLM) is a level 7 postgraduate qualification.

Some courses may enable Law graduates to specialise in a particular area, such as criminal litigation or environmental law.  These courses are generally taught as opposed to research-based courses, meaning you’ll select the modules that interest you and have a dissertation or research project to complete.

Others may be Law conversion courses, offering the first step into a legal career for non-Law graduates. Conversion courses will include the core legal knowledge required to become a solicitor or barrister.

Studying full-time should take you one year to complete, but some courses can be slightly longer. Doing part-time or taking an online course can take up to two years.

For courses offering specialisation, you’ll need a Law degree, whether that’s an LLB or a postgraduate Law conversion course.

Most LLM courses will ask for a 2:1 bachelor’s degree, but some may accept a 2:2 with relevant work experience.

LLM courses will fall within the range of £10,000 to £20,000, depending on where you choose to study. Prices will be higher for international students.

Full details on specific course fees, qualifications needed and how you’ll be assessed for any LLM course can be found using our course search .

A doctorate is the top postgraduate-level qualification you can earn. This level 8 qualification consists of both research and academic learning but is predominantly research focused. You’ll spend the entire course working on an independent thesis, based on an original research proposal agreed with your supervisor.

There are two common types of doctorate degrees. The first of these are academic doctorate degrees which focus on conducting original research to expand knowledge within a particular subject area. These include PhD and DPhil (Doctor of Philosophy).

There are also professional doctorate degrees, which involve research and broadening knowledge but incorporate more practical learning. These include MD (Doctor of Medicine), DClinPsy (Doctor of Clinical Psychology) and PhD(Eng)/EngD (Doctor of Engineering).

Full-time students usually finish their PhD in three to four years. Those studying part-time can take up to six or seven years to complete their PhD.

A 2:1 bachelor’s degree in a relevant subject is essential. Most PhDs will also want you to have completed your master’s. You may be asked for evidence of research work and your knowledge of research procedures. You may need to submit a detailed research proposal of what you’d like to study for your thesis.

Doctorate fees sit between £4,500 and £9,400 per year for students qualifying for Home fee status. If you’re lucky enough to get a studentship, your fees will be paid direct to your university at the rate of £4,712.

As ever, overseas fees are higher, with STEM subjects charging as much as £42,000 per year. Overseas students can apply for UK research council funding. If you get this, your tuition fees will only be paid at the Home rate, so you’ll need to pay the difference in cost between that and the fee for overseas students. Many grants, bursaries and scholarships are also available.

Key information on specific fees and entry qualifications required for any PhD course can be found by using our course search and finding the relevant course page.

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Postgraduate Certificate/Postgraduate Diploma

A Postgraduate Certificate (PGCert) is a level 7 qualification for those looking to bolster their future career prospects without committing to a master’s degree. They’re studied at the master’s level but are shorter and don't require a dissertation or research project. A PGCert is worth 60 credits towards a master’s degree. You need 180 credits to graduate with a master’s.

A Postgraduate Diploma (PGDip) is like a PGCert but twice as long. This level 7 qualification is worth 120 credits towards a master’s and is an ideal stepping-stone towards future career prospects or even a master’s degree.

Both qualifications are usually offered within a master’s degree. A PGCert is seen as equivalent to one-third of a master’s degree, with a PGDip being equivalent to two-thirds. Some master’s programmes will let you upgrade your PGDip into a master’s by completing a dissertation or research project.

Depending on how the course is structured, PGCerts may take one term to complete (about 15 weeks) or be studied part-time for a year. PGDips can take two terms (30 weeks) to a year, or be studied part-time for two years.

A 2:1 bachelor’s degree will be required for most PGCerts and PGDips. Some may only ask for a 2:2 in a relevant subject. Entry requirements tend to be like the course's master’s equivalent.

Expect to pay less than the course’s master’s equivalent. PGCerts start from around £2,000, with PGDips ranging from £5,000 to upwards of £14,000 for UK-resident students. International students will have to pay more.

Postgraduate Certificate in Education/Postgraduate Diploma in Education

A Postgraduate Certificate in Education (PGCE) is a level 7 qualification for students in England, Wales and Northern Ireland interested in teaching. A PGCE course allows you to earn Qualified Teacher Status (QTS) and therefore teach around the world. There will be a mix of academic learning and practical experience through placements.

A Postgraduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) is the equivalent teaching qualification for students in Scotland.

Courses will take one year if you choose to study full-time, or up to two years if doing part-time.

At least a 2:2 bachelor’s degree or equivalent will be required for most courses. You’ll also need a grade C/4 or above in GCSE English, Maths and sometimes a science-related subject. Some courses will want you to have particular work experience, and you may have to fill out a Medical Fitness questionnaire and pass a Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) check if in England or Wales.

All UK-resident students can expect the standard tuition fee of £9,250 per year. International students will pay more.

Specific details on course fees, qualifications needed, and assessments can be found using our course search and locating the course page . See also our pages on undergraduate teacher training and postgraduate teacher training .

Conversion courses

A conversion course is ideal for any student wanting to change careers. They’re a postgraduate qualification allowing you to study a subject that you didn’t study as part of your undergraduate degree. Most are taught degrees and are condensed versions of an undergraduate degree. Students also take conversion courses to go into further study at the master’s level.

Most courses will take one year to complete if studying full-time. An online conversion course can take even less time, while part-time study can take longer.

A 2:1 bachelor’s degree in any subject will be sufficient for most conversion courses. Having a 2:2, coupled with relevant work experience, could also be enough.

Fees will differ based on what course you choose. You should expect to pay around the same price as one year of a bachelor’s degree, which is £9,250 per year.

Any specific details on course fees, entry qualifications required or how you'll be assessed for any conversion course can be found using our course search .

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National Vocational Qualification

A National Vocational Qualification (NVQ) is a practice-based qualification focusing on workplace skills. They require students to be in part-time or full-time work in order to demonstrate their competence in these skills. In Scotland, the equivalent is the Scottish Vocational Qualification (SVQ).

NVQs are awarded up to 7 levels. Studying at level 4 and 5 is equivalent to one-third and two-thirds of a bachelor’s degree respectively, with level 7 being equivalent to a master’s degree.

The time it takes to complete an NVQ varies, as you complete the modules when you’re ready. You’re assessed through portfolio work or being observed while at work.

Access to Higher Education Diploma

Taught at further education (FE) colleges, this level 3 qualification is for students aged 19 or over who left school without any traditional qualifications but wish to enrol in university. It prepares students for degree-level study, with universities seeing this qualification as equivalent to A Levels, BTECs, International Baccalaureate and Advanced Highers.

• What’s an Access to Higher Education Diploma?

Degree apprenticeship

Degree apprenticeships allow you to study towards a bachelor’s or master’s degree part-time while also working. They can take between three and six years to complete and are offered by universities in partnership with companies and professional bodies. You won’t be required to fund your degree apprenticeship, as both your employer and the government will do so. In Scotland the equivalent is the graduate apprenticeship.

• Degree apprenticeships

Accelerated degree

An accelerated degree allows you to complete your bachelor’s degree in a shorter period. This will mean completing a three-year degree in two years, or a four-year degree in three. You’ll be taught the same content as you would in a normal bachelor’s degree, but you’ll have less holiday.

The fees can be more expensive than a bachelor’s degree, but remember, you’ll be saving on an extra year of accommodation and day-to-day living.

• What’s an accelerated degree?

Degree with placement year

Referred to as a ‘sandwich year’, this qualification is typically a four-year degree with the third year spent either studying abroad or working in a placement. This is a great opportunity to gain valuable experience learning in a new country or working in the sector you wish to be employed in.

The fees per year, and the qualifications needed to gain entry onto a degree with a placement year, will be the same as the bachelor’s equivalent.

• Study options

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UK Education System Guide

The UK education system is reputed worldwide for its high quality and standards. Britons enter the education system at the age of three, and up to 16 are obliged to attend school (compulsory education), while afterward is upon their choice.

Generally, the British higher education system has five stages of education: 

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• Early Years
• Primary Years
• Secondary Education
• Further Education (FE)
• Higher Education (HE) 

Besides sharing many similarities, the UK education system at different levels at each zone of administration (England, Scotland, and Wales) differs a bit. Generally speaking, these differences could be more meaningful if we discuss UK higher education as one.

In the UK, everybody over five and under 16 is obliged to attend school. This aging time frame contains two sections of the education system in the UK: Primary and Secondary Schools.

The Compulsory Education in the UK 

Compulsory education in the UK is divided into four key stages, distinguished by a student’s age. The first stage includes 5 to 7-year-olds, and the fourth and final stage lasts from the age of 14 to age 16. 

Here are the four stages of mandatory education in the UK and the curricula for each key stage:

First Key Stage 

The first key stage in compulsory education in England includes children from 5 to 7 years old, otherwise known as a primary school, comprising the first two years. 

Here are some of the main subjects that this stage of mandatory education includes:

• English Language 
• Mathematics
• Physical Education

During the first year of this stage, the curriculum structure contains the Phonic screening, a short assessment of kids’ ability to decode and understand phonics properly. Typically, the teacher will ask the students to repeat a list of around 40 words out loud. At the end of this stage (the same in all stages), these pupils will sit for an examination to measure their English, Maths, and Science knowledge development.

Second Key Stage

Between 7 to 11 years, pupils will be in the second key stage of compulsory education. The second key stage includes years 3 to 6. At this level, the curriculum is designed to give students a more advanced understanding of the previously gained knowledge on the core subjects. 

At the end of this stage, the school will test students in the following subjects:

• English reading.
• English grammar, punctuation, and spelling.
• Mathematics.

In English and Mathematics, the testing will be done through national assessment tests, while the teacher will independently assess the level of improvement of each student in Science.

Third Key Stage

Pupils aged 11 to 14 belong to the third stage of compulsory education, or years 7 to 9. This education level is essential to a certain degree because only a few years later, they will sit for the GCSE national qualification. 

The curriculum during this stage of education will also contain new subjects at which students are supposed to get some basic knowledge before moving any further in the upcoming stages of education.

The subjects learned in Key Stage 3 are:

• Art and Design
• Physical Education 
• Modern Foreign Languages 
• Design and Technology and Computing

At the end of the third Key Stage, some students may take their GCSE or other national qualifications. 

Fourth Key Stage

The final stage of compulsory education, key stage 4, lasts from 14 to 16 and includes years 10 to 12. The fourth key stage is the most common period for students to undertake the national assessment tests that will lead them to take a GCSE or other national qualifications.

The compulsory national curriculum at this stage contains the “core” and “foundation” subjects.

Here are the “core” subjects taught at the fourth key stage:

And here are the “foundation” subjects taught at the key stage 4:

• Citizenship

Additionally, schools in the UK are obliged to offer one of the following subjects during this stage of education.

• Design and Technology
• Modern Foreign Languages

The Higher Education System in the United Kingdom 

In particular, UK higher education is valued worldwide for its renowned standards and quality. Its higher education’s prestige also emanates from its graduates’ work afterward. Many eminent people in many different areas whose work reached global recognition came from British universities. 

Some universities and other higher education providers are ranked top among universities worldwide. The UK capital city, London, not by accident, is considered to be the world’s capital city of higher education. With its four universities ranked in the world’s top ten, London has the highest number of worldwide-ranked universities per city.

By definition, UK higher education is the level of education that follows secondary school at the hierarchy of the educational system in the UK. When high school is over, Britons have to sit in a standard examination, making them eligible not to continue their education at a higher level.

What is the Difference Between Colleges and Universities?

In the UK education system, in contrast to the US higher education, there is a difference between college and university. While in the US, there is no distinction between college and university, with most people referring to a higher education provider as a college, in the UK, this is not the case. 

In the UK, a college is a further education institution that prepares students to earn a degree. At the same time, a university is a licensed HE institution that awards students with a degree at the end of their studies. 

Studying in the UK as an International Student 

If you’re an international student , you must know that not all higher education providers in the UK are referred to as a university. This issue is regulated by law. 

As this official regulation states, a higher education institution can be labeled as a university under these circumstances:

• If it gets approved by the Privy Council under the Further and Higher Education Act 1992.
• If it gets approval under the provisions of the Companies Act 2006.

International students from countries other than the European Economic Area (EEA) or Switzerland must apply for a student visa to study in the UK.

The UK Higher Education Degree Levels and Programs

Based on the actual education regulations in the UK education system, Higher Education comprises the following levels of courses. 

1. Undergraduate Courses

Undergraduate courses in the UK include a wide range of first degrees which are listed below.

• Bachelor’s Degree 
• Honors and Ordinary Degrees 
• Qualified Teacher Status 
• Enhanced First Degrees 
• Intercalated Degrees (medical schools or other specific study fields allow students to take a year off between the second and third years to study a different area which can be a BA, BSc, or master’s degree program).

Here are other undergraduate courses: 

• Foundation degrees 
• Higher National Diploma HND (or equivalent) 
• NHC (or equivalent), etc.

An undergraduate course usually takes three years; however, Scotland is an exception, where undergraduate courses take four years to complete. The higher education system in the UK has many universities that offer 4-year undergraduate courses, also known as “ sandwich courses .” This program includes a one-year work experience —usually carried out in the third year.

Keep in mind: Some British universities offer fast-track programs where you can obtain a Master’s degree at the undergraduate level. Unlike traditional undergraduate courses, fast-track programs allow students to attend an additional year of studying instead of taking a Bachelor’s degree which leads to a Master’s program. 

Besides, it costs much less than the typical 3-year undergraduate courses; however, it usually is much more intense with shortened holiday breaks and a heavy schedule.

2. Postgraduate Courses 

The postgraduate degree programs are only obtainable if you have a bachelor’s degree at an accredited university (not necessarily one in England).

The postgraduate level includes the following degrees:

• Master’s Degree (Taught or Research). Master’s degrees usually last one year or longer if they are research-based.
• Doctorate. The typical doctoral degree takes three years to complete. 
• Postgraduate Diplomas.
• Postgraduate Certificates of Education (PGCE).
• Professional Degrees.

Note: To enter this level, it is usually required to have a first degree (Bachelor’s).

The Higher Education Curriculum and Admission Process 

In the UK’s education system, most syllabi are set by the universities offering them and are not controlled by the government or certain British educational institutions. The only exception to this is teacher education programs, which the government has a lot of say over. 

The British government has established the Office for Standards in Education, Children’s Services and Skills (Ofsted) to maintain those standards. Most countries have specific regulations for their teachers, so this isn’t any different than studying teaching in your home country. Because of its strict rules and high standards for teacher education programs, the UK is considered to have some of the best teacher education programs in the world.

Even though universities set the syllabi, the Office for Fair Access (OFFA) in the British school system has a lot of say in the admission procedures of each university. This office was created so everyone who wishes to attend university in the UK can do so. They also promote fair access to higher education, even for those attending university as international students. Appropriate access also includes those of different cultures, different races, different nationalities, and those who have disabilities.

UK Tuition Fees and Costs

The reputation of British higher education goes hand in hand with its costs. Tuition fees may vary from university to university, as well as from one location to another.

So it’s always advisable to check the university’s website before making further study plans. Indeed, to attend a British university, you need a lot of money packed in —whether you’re a native or not— but since there are many scholarship schemes , you can always apply for one.

The tuition fees of UK universities also vary depending on the degree level and study program. The average tuition fees for international students range from ~£17,109 (USD 20,876) to  ~£22,200 (USD 27,000). 

• Undergraduate tuition fees: International students pay around £11,400 – £38,000 (USD 13,900 – USD 46,355).
• Postgraduate tuition fees: International students pay around £9,000 – £30,000 (USD 10,980 – USD 36,570)

International students are a substantial part of the student population in British universities. The UK is the second most popular study destination for international students, following the US at the top. If you decide to be one of more than a million international students in the US, you’re one step away from a guaranteed brighter future.

Academics and employers value the UK education system and its higher education degrees worldwide. The UK has a rich history of quality higher education, and each university has excellent options for any student.

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The UK higher education system explained

The UK is home to one of the most prestigious higher education systems in the world. In this guide, we offer a comprehensive overview of how universities operate in the UK.

The UK has one of the most established and respected higher education systems in the world, with numerous universities consistently ranked among the best globally. Institutions like the University of Oxford, the University of Cambridge and Imperial College London are regularly placed in the top 10 of the QS World University Rankings .

Renowned for delivering world-class education, the UK is a top destination for international students seeking academic excellence. If you’re considering studying in the UK, you’ve come to the right place.

Read on to explore everything you need to know about the UK higher education system, including the various degree options, grading and classification systems.

Table of contents:

Types of institutions in the uk higher education system, types of degrees and qualifications, academic culture in the uk, grading and classification.

Higher education institutions in the UK are either:

• Degree-awarding ‘recognised bodies’ such as universities and colleges. Across the UK, as many as 166 universities offer study programmes in a wide range of fields, at both the undergraduate and postgraduate levels. Recognised bodies have the authority to award bachelor's, master's and doctorate degrees, as well as certain other higher education qualifications depending on the type of institution.
• Non-degree awarding. They provide bridging courses to help students gain entry into a degree-awarding programme. Although these institutions cannot grant degrees, they offer a variety of vocationally oriented and bridging programmes that may lead directly to employment, a degree programme, or a focus on developing a specific technical skill set.

Like other popular study destinations, the UK offers degrees at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The country also provides plenty of non-degree study programmes designed as pathways to a degree or to develop professional skills.

Undergraduate qualifications

Bachelor’s degree (ba, bsc).

Bachelor's degrees  in the UK typically take three years to complete for full-time students. Unlike in some other countries, where students may choose a ‘major’ after exploring different subjects, students in the UK usually apply directly to a specific course of study.

University students in the UK focus on their chosen subject area from the start, such as a Bachelor of Arts (BA) in History or a Bachelor of Science (BSc) in Physiotherapy . This structure provides students with in-depth knowledge and expertise in their chosen field from the beginning of their degree programme.

Bachelor's degrees in the UK can be awarded as either 'Ordinary' or 'Honours' degrees, depending on the student’s academic performance. In England, Wales, and Northern Ireland, an Honours degree typically indicates a higher level of academic achievement within the same three-year timeframe as an Ordinary degree.

In contrast, in Scotland, an Honours degree usually requires four years of study, involving more specialised coursework and often a dissertation, while an Ordinary degree is completed in three years.

Foundation degree

A  foundation programme  is a structured one-year course designed to equip students with the skills and knowledge necessary for degree-level study. Often referred to as a 'gateway' or 'year-zero' programme, it focuses on developing both academic skills and the subject-specific understanding needed for a chosen degree.

Foundation degrees are typically suited for students who didn't achieve the expected results in their A-Levels or International Baccalaureate , as well as for professionals who haven't had the chance to pursue higher education but have demonstrated the potential to succeed academically.

Diploma of Higher Education (DipHE) and Higher National Diploma (HND)

A Diploma of Higher Education (DipHE) is an academic qualification in the UK equivalent to the first two years of a bachelor's degree. It typically involves two years of full-time study and can be a standalone qualification or a step towards completing a full bachelor's degree.

Students pursuing a DipHE can do so in a variety of subjects, such as nursing, social work and other academic areas. Obtaining a DipHE can lead directly to employment or further studies.

A Higher National Diploma (HND) is another two-year qualification offered in the UK focusing on practical and career-oriented training. HNDs are similar to DipHEs in terms of level, but they are more geared towards preparing students for specific careers in areas like engineering, business, or creative industries.

HNDs are well-regarded by employers and can also be used as a stepping stone to the final year of a bachelor’s degree, allowing students to 'top up' their qualifications to a full degree.

Certificate of Higher Education (CertHE)

You can earn a Certificate of Higher Education (CertHE) from a university or college in the UK after completing the first year of a degree programme. It demonstrates that you have gained foundational knowledge and skills in a particular subject.

Unlike a bachelor’s degree, which usually takes three or four years to complete and involves more advanced study, a CertHE is a shorter course that focuses on the first year of the degree.

It’s a good option if you want to enhance your education and job prospects without committing to a full degree right away. You can also build on it to progress towards a bachelor’s degree or other higher qualifications in the future.

Postgraduate qualifications

There is a diverse range of postgraduate programmes available in the UK, including master’s degrees, doctorate programmes, postgraduate diplomas, professional and vocational qualifications and conversion courses. 

Postgraduate studies are more specialised and intensive compared to undergraduate courses, focusing on a specific area of study and often requiring a greater level of commitment and research.

Master’s degree

A master’s degree can be either a taught programme or a research-based one, typically lasting one year. Taught master’s degrees involve a structured curriculum with classes, assignments and exams, while research-based master’s degrees focus primarily on independent research and a substantial thesis or project.

Both types of programmes offer advanced knowledge and skills in a specific field, preparing graduates for professional advancement or further academic study.

Doctoral degrees

Doctoral degrees, such as a PhD , can take up to seven years to complete, depending on the field of study and the nature of the research.

A PhD is the highest academic qualification available at UK institutions and represents a significant contribution to original research. It involves conducting original research, producing a comprehensive thesis, and often includes rigorous examinations or viva voce assessments.

Achieving a PhD demonstrates a high level of expertise and can open doors to advanced career opportunities in academia, research and professional practice.

Postgraduate certificates (PGCert) and diplomas (PGDip)

If you want to pursue postgraduate education but are unsure about committing too much time, a postgraduate certificate (PGCert) or diploma (PGDip) could suit your needs.

PGCerts and PGDips are at the same level as master's degrees, but their duration is shorter. PGCerts are the shortest postgraduate programmes available in the UK: you can complete one within 15 weeks. As for PGDips, they usually require 30 weeks to complete. On the contrary, it will take you a year to finish a master's degree if you study full-time.

Unlike a master's degree, PGCerts and PGDips don't require students to submit a dissertation. 

Since PGCerts and PGDips require less time and effort to obtain, they are ideal options for individuals who want to enhance their career prospects with a postgraduate qualification but aren't in a position to invest in extensive academic research.

Conversion courses

Conversion courses are vocational programmes designed for graduates who wish to change their field of study after completing their first degree. The programmes provide the necessary knowledge for the workforce or entry into a different academic programme.

The Graduate Diploma in Law (GDL), tailored to non-law graduates who want to enter the legal profession, is an example of a conversion course.

University culture in the UK places a strong emphasis on initiative and self-motivation. Students are expected to manage their academic progress, follow coursework independently and actively engage with the material.

Classes in UK universities vary in format but typically include a combination of lectures, tutorials or seminars and practical sessions.

In tutorials and seminars, discussion is highly encouraged, and students are expected to express their opinions, even if they differ from those of the professor. This open exchange of ideas is seen as a sign of engagement with the course content.

Lectures often serve as a starting point for deeper exploration in tutorials, where students are encouraged to develop their own perspectives based on the concepts introduced.

Professors frequently assign weekly readings and short tasks to help students prepare for these discussions and build a solid foundation in the subject. While these tasks are important for learning, they are rarely graded.

Examinations and assessment

Assessment in UK universities typically involves a mix of coursework and exams. Longer-form tasks, such as research essays or extended investigations, are common and often carry significant weight.

Examinations are also a key component of the assessment process, with some courses featuring final exams that may count for a large portion, or even 100%, of the overall grade. This structure means that consistent effort throughout the course is essential for success.

Undergraduate degrees

The table below outlines the typical  undergraduate grading classifications  in the UK. It is important to note that the Open University  (OU), a distance-learning institution with an open entry policy, uses different grade boundaries compared to most traditional universities:

Remember to always confirm the specific grading criteria and classifications with your university, as grading policies can vary slightly between institutions.

Postgraduate degrees

In the UK, postgraduate degrees are classified based on the following grading criteria:

With a clear understanding of how the UK higher education system works, you might be ready to explore which courses are available to you. Our course search feature at the bottom of this page can help you find the perfect programme to suit your academic and career goals.

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Understanding the Undergraduate Grading System in the UK

Updated to include 21/22 HESA Qualifying Rates. The British undergraduate degree classification system is a university grading scheme for undergraduate degrees (bachelor's degrees and integrated master's degrees) in the UK. It has been applied in other countries, with slight variations. When applying to study for an undergraduate degree in the UK, many students are not aware that they have an option to study for a regular degree or a degree with honours.

How to apply to universities in the UK

The British education system is renowned globally for its excellence. A degree from a top UK university can significantly boost your career prospects. However, the international reputation of these institutions makes the application process highly competitive.   In this article, we simplify the application process, giving you a clear understanding of what to expect and how to navigate it successfully.   Table of contents:

Are international students eligible for Clearing?

As an international student, it’s possible that you may have heard of a process called clearing. Although you may be aware of it, it may also be true that you’re not entirely sure what clearing is or how it relates to you. We’re here to take you through all aspects of the process, demystify any preconceptions that you may have and equip you with all the necessary knowledge should you go through clearing yourself.   What is clearing?  First

What is a Russell Group university?

If you’re thinking of studying in the UK, you may have heard an institution being described as a “Russell Group university”, but what exactly does this refer to? We answer all of your questions.  What is a Russell Group university?   The Russell Group of universities is a collection of 24 premier institutions in the UK that are renowned for the quality of their teaching and research. They are characterised by outstanding teaching standards

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Choosing a course

How to find the perfect course for you

Did you know that there are more than 50,000 undergraduate courses available in the UK? There is a lot of information available to help you decide which course, location and UK university or college is right for you.

When choosing a course, it’s worth considering what exactly it is you're looking for. Here are some questions to help you start to think about what is right for you:

• What subject are you most interested in and why?
• Which courses are on offer at the universities where you are considering studying? Can you find more about the specific modules and study options on offer?
• Does the course include a work placement or options of, for example, a semester abroad?
• How will the course further your career goals and ambitions for the future?
• Would you prefer to study full-time or part-time?
• What are the entry requirements?
• What do other students say about their experiences of the courses you’re interested in?

Use our course finder above to search and compare undergraduate and postgraduate courses offered by UK universities. Results can be filtered by field of study, location and course fees. You can use the tool to contact universities directly, or visit their websites.

Other resources

UCAS (Universities and Colleges Admissions Service) offers subject guides, gives insights into UK undergraduate courses, what they involve and how to apply and enrol in UK universities. The Association of Colleges site offers a map of colleges in the UK alongside links and vital information.

A helpful resource for undergraduate students is Discover Uni , the official website for comparing UK higher education course data. On this website you can select and compare subjects, modes of study, teaching outcomes and location to help you learn more about the courses on offer. For each course there is a ‘Key Information Set’ which tells you about professional accreditation, student satisfaction and provides employment statistics. You can also look at the university’s own website and there are a number of university league tables (or rankings) that provide more information.

University websites and prospectuses have full listings of the courses they offer, details of their course content and modules, and previous graduates’ success stories. Many publish student blogs and promotional films, and you will often be able to access material created by current students about their experiences studying in the UK.

Choosing your study subject What subjects can I study?

UK universities have some of the most diverse subject offering in the world. Watch our videos and explore some of the subject most popular with international students.

More in this section

How modules and courses work.

Learn about the academic year in the UK, as well as how subjects, modules and study modes work.

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Higher education courses: find and apply

You can search and apply for most higher education courses online.

You usually have to be 18 or older to take a higher education course. They’re usually taught in:

• universities
• specialist institutions like art schools or agricultural colleges

Higher education qualifications include:

• bachelor degrees
• foundation degrees
• post-graduate degrees

Full-time courses

Discover Uni - compare official course data from universities and colleges, including student satisfaction and jobs after study.

UCAS - search and apply for full-time courses by course name, provider name or location.

National Careers Service - search for full-time and part-time courses.

Part-time courses

Discover Uni - search for part-time courses. You’ll have to apply directly to the college or university.

Open University courses

The Open University - search and apply for distance learning courses

Specialist music, dance and drama courses

CUKAS - search and apply for music conservatoire courses.

Teacher training

How you apply depends on the level of the course and where you are.

Undergraduate teacher training

Check the UCAS teacher training website to find and apply for undergraduate courses .

Postgraduate teacher training

Find postgraduate teacher training in England .

Check the UCAS teacher training website to find and apply for postgraduate courses in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland .

Postgraduate courses

Search for postgraduate study on:

• Postgraduate Search
• Postgrad.com

Courses at private institutions

Courses are also available at private institutions. Apply for these directly with the university or college. You can search for some through UCAS.

Help and advice

Call the UCAS Exam Results Helpline for advice if your exam results were higher or lower than expected.

UCAS Exam Results Helpline 0808 100 8000 Find out about call charges

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