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Online PhD Economics

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Written By - David Guetta

The online PhD economics program prepares aspiring individuals for careers in academia, research, and government by combining a rigorous technical education with an emphasis on research that is relevant to policy. An Online PhD Economics graduate will be proficient in economic theory, statistical techniques, and applied field knowledge. They would be able to pose and empirically address economic questions, paving the way to various careers in many sectors. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), jobs for economists are rapidly expanding and are expected to grow by 13% between 2020 and 2030 . This guide gives prospective doctoral students an in-depth understanding of online PhD economics programs, including what the program entails, research areas, career options, and more.

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National University

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National University, headquartered in San Diego, California, was founded in 1971 to provide educational opportunities for adult learners and working professionals. It offers over 190 degree programs, including  bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral  degrees, with flexible  online and on-campus  courses. Serving around 40,000 students and over 240,000 alumni, the university is recognized for its support of U.S. military members.  Accredited by the WASC Senior College and University Commission (WSCUC) , National University is committed to accessible and transformative higher education.

Best Online PhD Economics Programs

Most prospective PhD students struggle to find the top universities for PhD in economics, behavioral economics PhD rankings, and so on. This is because several factors must be considered when ranking a school, such as the faculty’s quality and experience, availability of suitable PhD guides or mentors, access to excellent research facilities, accreditation, and more. FBD teams searched the country for the top economics PhD programs based on these and other criteria. As a result, here is a list of the best universities for PhD in economics: *

Liberty University

Ottawa university, marymount university, hampton university, pardee rand graduate school, california baptist university, university of southern mississippi.

Universities and programs are ranked by various factors, such as affordability, curriculum and coursework, reputation and availability, program length, statistics, the potential of employment, and return on investment for the students. For a more in-depth analysis, please read about our rankings methodology page . 

What to Expect from Online PhD Economics Programs

Doctor of economics programs are designed for students with exceptional promise who want to prepare for careers in teaching and research in academia, as well as positions of responsibility in research organizations, government, or business enterprises. Students in these programs are prepared for productive and stimulating careers as economists. The program’s courses and seminars foster an intellectually active, cognitively strong, and stimulating environment.

The doctoral program is divided into 2 to 3 years of coursework, followed by the dissertation years. During the first year, all students take a set of core courses and field courses in their chosen specializations. The second and/or third year field coursework must typically be completed in either econometrics, macroeconomics, international trade, industrial organization, or public economics. Of course, this would vary by college and program. Students then enter the program’s dissertation phase after completing the required coursework and field exams. Every student must write and defend an original dissertation, a single multi-chapter dissertation or a collection of separate but related papers. Read the Guide to PhD Programs to understand more.

Here is the basic structure of online PhD economics programs:

(a) Coursework

The course selection for doctoral students is broad. Most of the time, students can choose their course plans from one branch of economics to fit their needs and professional objectives.

(b) Teaching

Although not always a requirement, at some colleges, teaching experience is strongly recommended for students who are not Graduate Teaching Assistants (GTAs) but want to become professors.

(c) Residency

In some cases, unless they have an assistantship, students are required to complete a certain number of prescribed credit hours of graduate-level coursework. The student is required to study full-time during this period. Residency is sometimes needed before taking the comprehensive exams.

(d) Comprehensive Exams

Students are eligible to take comprehensive examinations when they have completed all coursework. Most students choose to write a manuscript on a topic of their choice and defend it orally before a committee of departmental, school, and/or university faculty members.

(e) Dissertation

The PhD candidate will collaborate with their advisor to choose a topic that will advance the field after passing the comprehensive exam.

(f) Field Experience

Doctoral students are encouraged to participate in independent study research courses to combine and relate classroom theory with field activities. They can engage with scientific communities through research and collate data from various sources for this purpose.

The coursework one can expect in an online PhD economics degree would largely be the same for most programs but would be at advanced levels and would include:

• Microeconomics
• Macroeconomics
• Econometrics

Likewise, some of the research areas students can expect from the PhD economics program include:

• International Trade & Finance
• Behavioral & Experimental
• Political Economy
• Industrial Organization
• Public Economics
• Microeconomic Theory
• Research fields and field requirements:
• Development Economics
• Econometric Methods with Causal Inference
• Market Design
• Environmental, Resource & Energy Economics
• Labor Economics
• Economic History

Areas of Specializations in Online PhD Economics Programs

Specialization in one of the various branches of economics can lead to better job opportunities and higher pay. They focus the study of economics on a single topic, allowing students to conduct research in that field and become experts. Here are a few examples of concentrations available to students pursuing a PhD in economics:

Some of the other specializations and PhD programs students can consider include but are not limited to:

• PhD Macroeconomics
• PhD in Computational Economics
• PhD in Economic Development
• PhD Political Economy Online
• Online PhD in Economics and Finance
• Labor-Public Economics
• Applied Econometrics

Why should I get an Online PhD Economics Degree?

One of the best ways to conduct and promote global priority research is through economics in particular. A PhD in economics is one of the most sought-after graduate degrees, with a good chance of getting a job in academia or research. Unlike many PhD programs, the skills one acquired from the doctorate in economics are in high demand in the corporate sector as well. Those who want to work in economics research, have strong math skills, and have a keen interest in economics should strongly consider pursuing a PhD in economics.

Upon completing the online PhD economics, individuals would be able to contribute to global priorities research and help come up with practical solutions to the many economic issues present globally. The program provides students with a diverse set of tools for comprehending the social world and assessing causes and interventions that can impact millions of lives.

Doctoral students would have acquired several skills by completing the PhD economics online that would prove invaluable throughout their careers. For example, they would have acquired the ability to:

• show a strong background in their area of specialization and have a thorough understanding of the significant past and present contributions in the area;
• create a compelling academic argument for their position by presenting and analyzing the evidence with care;
• determine intriguing issues, come up with innovative answers, and communicate the findings to the scientific community;
• prepare submissions that adhere to the requirements of a particular economic journal, and take revision suggestions seriously;
• produce scholarship that is comparable to articles that are published in prestigious peer-reviewed journals in terms of scope and format;
• utilize the variety of resources available for economics research, including empirical analysis (econometric and experimental) and theoretical modeling;
• solve complex issues by utilizing technical tools, as well as by locating and properly using data sources; and
• be independent scholars capable of conducting superior research in both academic and non-academic contexts.

Free Courses for Online PhD Economics Students

Free courses are always useful for PhD of economics students to aid with their research on specific topics. Although these courses are not accredited and often do not lead to any certification, they provide additional knowledge and different perspectives on the subject. Here are some platforms that offer online PhD economics courses for free:

How to get into the Online PhD Economics Programs?

To be admitted to an online PhD in economics programs, applicants must have a master’s degree from a regionally accredited institution or a foreign university that meets both the bachelor’s and master’s degree requirements. Furthermore, a Grade Point Average (GPA) of at least 3.0 on a 4.0 scale is usually required. Prospective students at some colleges may also be necessary to identify a suitable professor who will serve as their advisor or mentor throughout their research. Aside from these, the following are some of the most common PhD in economics requirements:

Online Application & Application Fee

Completing an online application and paying the prescribed application fee.

Official Academic Transcripts

An official copy of academic transcripts from each college/university attended.

Undergraduate/Graduate Degree + Grade Point Average

An undergraduate and/or graduate degree from an accredited university and Grade Point Average (GPA) of 3.0 or more.

Graduate Record Examination (GRE) or Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT) Scores

An official copy of GRE scores no older than 5 years.

Graduate Résumé or Curriculum Vitae

The latest résumé or CV that provides personal information and work experience.

Personal Statement or Statement of purpose

A statement outlining how the program relates to the applicant’s career goals.

Letters of Recommendation

At least 3 letters of recommendation from those who can provide a thorough evaluation of the applicant’s abilities at the graduate level.

Proof of English proficiency

A document proving proficiency in English (for non-native English speakers).

Online PhD Economics No GRE Programs

The Graduate Record Examination (GRE) is a common component of the admissions process. However, it may be possible to eliminate the need for these test results. Typically, the school will determine whether a GRE score is required or not. Some universities do not require students to take the GRE if they have a high GPA, relevant experience, and a solid academic background. However, this admissions requirement is ultimately waived at the school’s discretion. Fortunately, the quality and content of these graduate programs that do not require a GRE score are frequently the same as the ones that do. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and The University of Arizona are examples of institutions that have waived the GRE requirement for entry into Ph.D in economics programs in 2024-2023.

How Long does it take to complete the Online PhD Economics Program

The PhD economics program is intended to be finished in 4 to 5 years, with the first 3 years being devoted to coursework and the last 1 to 2 years being dedicated to research and dissertation completion. It is also possible for students to pursue the economics PhD part time but opting for these programs would mean longer durations. For example, a part time PhD business economics could well take over 6 to 8 years to complete. Whatever the timeline, students’ work in economics PhD programs is typically very detailed and narrowly focused on their chosen specialization, which in turn determines the time it would take for one to graduate. Here is a quick overview of the online PhD in economics Duration:

• Minimum time required for a full-time PhD in economics: about 4 to 5 years.
• Maximum time required for a PhD in economics: up to 8 years.
• PhD in economics credits: 65 to 75 credits.

Accelerated Online PhD Economics Programs

An accelerated curriculum allows students to move through their programs more quickly, increasing their chances of graduating sooner. Fast-track and accelerated doctoral degrees enable students to earn their PhD of economics in as little as three years, though some students may need an extra year to complete their doctoral dissertation in addition to the coursework years. Some universities allow students to begin their PhD programs while still pursuing their master’s degrees. In such cases, the master’s thesis becomes critical and can be “upgraded” or expanded to serve as a PhD dissertation. A few universities offer masters + PhD programs that allow students to shorten their time to earn their doctoral degree, an example being Binghamton University .

Accreditations for Online PhD Economics Programs

Accreditation demonstrates a program’s quality as well as the school’s dedication to a student-centric approach to teaching and learning. Having accreditation means that a school recognizes and meets the needs of students and potential employers by improving academic quality continuously. Colleges can be accredited nationally or regionally by independent organizations recognized by the United States Department of Education ( USDE ) and/or the Council for Higher Education Accreditation ( CHEA ). Regional accreditation is the most common type of accreditation sought by colleges offering accredited online economics degrees in the United States, and it is granted by six independent bodies:

• New England Association of Schools and Colleges ( NEASC )
• Middle States Commission on Higher Education ( MSCHE )
• Higher Learning Commission ( HLC )
• Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges ( SACSCOC )
• Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities ( NWCCU )
• Western Association of Schools anad Colleges (WASC) Senior College and University Commission ( WSCUC )

The best online PhD programs in economics may also be programmatically accredited by non-regional accrediting agencies. Two main accrediting bodies for economics schools and programs are the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business ( AACSB ) and the Accreditation Council for Business Schools and Programs ( ACBSP ). Read the Guide to College Accreditation to learn more about accreditation.

How to Pay for an Online PhD Economics Programs?

An online PhD economics degree is typically very expensive to pursue. The average cost of a PhD doctorate degree in the United States is $98,800, according to Education Data . Even if prospective online students are not required to pay additional transportation, meals, or campus-related expenses, they must still pay the high tuition fee and associated research costs, which can be financially burdensome for many. The following are some of the outside funding options available to students for their online economics PhD degree:

Scholarships

Scholarships are popular among students because they are free and non-repayable. They are given to students who are deserving and meritorious, with academic performance serving as the primary selection criterion.

Grants, like scholarships, do not have to be repaid. Unlike scholarships, which are frequently awarded based on academic performance, grants are usually awarded based on the applicant’s financial need.

Fellowships

Predoctoral Fellowships, also known as PhD Fellowships, are grants awarded to doctoral candidates. PhD fellowship recipients must typically complete a future assignment or spend the funds on a specific purpose in exchange for the money. There are numerous awards and fellowships available to retain or attract the best students.

Work-Study Programs

Work-study programs, which provide part-time employment, assist students in covering school tuition and fees. Many of these jobs are related to the student’s academic program or are volunteer opportunities. Students can also gain practical experience through work-study programs.

Graduate Assistantships

Graduate assistantships are available for students who want to assist faculty in the classroom as graduate teaching assistants or conduct research as graduate research assistants. In exchange for their efforts, assistants are paid a fee or receive tuition discounts or waivers.

Student Loans

A student loan is another option for funding PhD programs for students. Several banks, financial institutions, and the federal government offer educational loans. Borrowing money will increase the overall cost of education because loans come with interest. Understand how one can apply for loan forgiveness to avoid repaying student loans by reading about Donors for Student Loans and Grants for Student Loans .

The Free Application For Student Aid or FAFSA is an application for federal financial aid that all prospective and current college students must complete to check if they are eligible for aid and receive the best financial aid package possible. The FAFSA Student Aid guide explains more.

Discover what financial aid is and learn everything there is to know about college funding in the How to Pay for College guide.

Fully Funded Online PhD Economics Programs

With the average cost of a PhD doctorate degree in the United States being $98,800 , many PhD aspirants would need to seek outside financial assistance. Fortunately, some colleges offer fully-funded online PhD programs in economics. Fully funded PhD programs in economics in USA will generally cover a student’s expenses for the three to five years they work on their doctorate (tuition, a living stipend, etc.). The following are a few fully-funded economics PhD programs:

FAQs Related to the Online PhD Economics Programs

How do you get a phd in economics.

To get a PhD in economics, one is required to go through the following steps:

• Complete all required coursework
• Select a specialization and research area
• Conduct research in the chosen area 
• Approach a faculty advisor/mentor
• Complete and pass all comprehensive qualifying exams
• Prepare the dissertation
• Submit the dissertation and defend it

How many years for PhD in economics?

A PhD typically takes 4 to 5 years to complete. For the first 1 to 2  years, students take classes and then spend the rest of the years researching and writing a dissertation. Some universities allow students to enroll part-time, which would take them longer to complete the program.

Can I do a PhD part time?

Yes. Several universities across the country allow students to pursue their doctoral programs part-time. Those working and unwilling to give up their careers to study can consider programs such as the part time PhD in economics or part time PhD in business administration & economics. However, it is noteworthy that part-time PhD programs could take 6 to 8 years to complete.

What can you do with a PhD in economics?

A PhD in economics is one of the most appealing graduate programs and can lead to influential research positions in academia or policymaking. For those willing to work outside of academics, the economics PhD can lead to senior roles as managers and directors in various sectors, including government, nonprofit, and international organizations.

How much does a PhD in economics make?

The economics PhD does not lead to specific job titles; they are generally senior positions in industry or academia. This, coupled with the years of experience one has, makes it difficult to accurately report how much PhD in economics holders make. The salary would also depend on the sector and work setting. However, to serve as an indicator, Payscale reports that the median average annual salary of an economics PhD holder is $112,000 .

Can you get a PhD in economics online?

Yes. The PhD in economics is available online at many institutions. The online option is advantageous for many with benefits, such as flexible class scheduling, lower tuition, and lower travel expenses. Some of the best PhD in economics programs online are listed in this guide.

Can I do a PhD in economics without a masters?

Yes, some universities allow students to pursue a PhD in economics without first earning a master’s degree or while pursuing a master’s program. Students must, however, have completed several hours of doctoral research, and all other requirements for their chosen PhD program and emphasis area must be met by a student who is accepted straight from a bachelor’s degree. Based on the student’s bachelor’s background and their chosen doctoral path, the advisory committee for direct PhD students will specify additional coursework beyond the minimum. George Mason University is an excellent example where one can earn a master’s in economics while pursuing a PhD

Career Opportunities and Salaries after Online PhD Economics

What can you do with an economics PhD? Completing the PhD economics program allows individuals to teach undergraduate classes, conduct independent and collaborative research, or work in senior roles in various industries, including health care, banking, education, finance, business, and government and non-profit organizations. Many go on to work in research facilities, academia, and government think tanks, often liaising with industry experts and professionals. Although PhD economics holders may share job titles with their bachelor’s and master’s counterparts, they often land careers in senior management or positions. Examples of job titles include but are not limited to:

• Project Manager
• Senior Marketing Analyst
• Operations Research Systems Analyst
• Senior Budget Analyst
• Administrative Director
• Senior Financial Analyst
• Senior Systems Analyst
• Senior Project Administrator
• Statistician
• Industry Analyst
• State Policy Analyst
• Economic Researcher
• Economic Consultant
• Bank Director
• Finance Director

The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) projects that economist occupations will grow by 13% from 2020 to 2030, adding an estimated 1,600 jobs each year . Listed below are some examples of economics jobs, median annual salaries, and job growth, as reported by the BLS. It should be noted that the salaries mentioned are typically for those who have obtained their bachelors or masters in economics. PhD holders are likely to earn higher salaries:

Certifications and Licensing for PhD in Economics Students

A person’s competency—their education, demonstrated knowledge, and experience—is formally recognized by certification in a given profession. It is a formal process carried out and completed by a group of knowledgeable, experienced, and skilled organization representatives that improves one’s résumé and career opportunities. Each certification in the discipline of economics is unique to the economics discipline to which it pertains, such as health, finance, petroleum, business, and so on. PhD of economics holders can consider the following certifications:

Certified Business Economist (CBE)

The National Association for Business Economics (NABE) administers the Certified Business Economist (CBE) program, which was created by leading economists to “bridge the gap between what is learned in an academic setting and the knowledge required to succeed as a practitioner.”

Economic Development Finance Professional (EDFP) Certification Program

The Economic Development Finance Professional (EDFP) Certification Program focuses on the skills required for successful economic development, including loan packaging procedures, business credit & real estate financial analysis techniques, negotiating and problem-solving abilities, and deal structuring techniques.

American Academy of Financial Management (AAFM) Certifications

The American Academy of Financial Management (AAFM) bestows over 50 specialist designations and 20 distinct certifications on professionals who possess the necessary qualifications, experience, and training in economics-related fields. Examples of some of AAFM’s certifications are:

• AFA Accredited Financial Analyst
• AMA Accredited Management Accountant  
• AMC Accredited Management Consultant  
• MMC Master Management Consultant 
• CIPM Certified International Project Manager 
• CEPA Chartered Economic Policy Analyst
• ChE Chartered Economist
• ChHE Chartered Health Economist
• ChEE Charted Energy Economist
• ChFE Chartered Financial Economist
• ChME Chartered Managerial Economist
• ChIE Chartered Industrial Economist
• ChPE Chartered Petroleum Economist

Although not required for economists, licensure is strongly recommended for many analyst positions to demonstrate professional competence. The CFA Institute, for example, allows financial analysts to become chartered financial analysts.

Additional Resources for PhD in Economics Students

Given the importance of economics in almost every aspect of life, both PhD economics students and working professionals must stay current on new trends, policy changes, evolving markets, and consumer wants and demands. They should also network with others to broaden their economic knowledge and expertise, which may help them advance in their careers. Here are some resources that might be helpful in this endeavor:

National Economic Association (NEA)

The National Economic Association (NEA) promotes minority economists’ professional careers. To promote economic growth, the organization creates and disseminates knowledge about economic issues of particular interest to native and immigrant African Americans, Latinos, and other people of color.

World Economics Association (WEA)

The World Economics Association (WEA) is a professional organization dedicated to promoting a pluralistic approach to economics. WEA seeks to expand the scope, breadth, and depth of economic thought. Plurality, competence, reality and relevance, diversity, openness, outreach, ethical behavior, and global democracy are all examples of this.

The National Association for Business Economics (NABE)

The National Association for Business Economics (NABE) is a professional organization for business economists and people from other walks of life who use economics in their daily work. NABE organizes surveys and events, publishes books, and certifies its members.

American Institute for Economic Research (AIER)

The American Institute for Economic Research (AIER) is famous for its nonpartisan economic research and advocacy. The organization is dedicated to developing and promoting pure freedom and private governance through advanced economic research, accessible media outreach, educational programming, and more.

Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory (SAET)

The Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory (SAET) was created to advance theoretical economics knowledge and facilitate communication among researchers in economics, game theory, mathematics, and any other such relevant fields that could be useful to economic theory.

The average tuition (based on degree type for in-state students), average graduation rates, and rankings are based on data from various sources, including the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), and are variable over time. All rankings and statistics are subject to change. The rankings are solely the opinion of Find Best Degrees (FBD) and are based on our proprietary methodology . They do not represent the views of the institutions or organizations mentioned, nor do they represent any official government census or survey. Furthermore, any views or opinions expressed on this page are of FBD’s researchers and teams. Unless otherwise specified, they do not represent the thoughts and opinions of the individuals, institutions, or organizations mentioned. This page’s content is provided solely for informational purposes, with data drawn from various sources, including IPEDS. FBD and its employees make no guarantees regarding the accuracy or completeness of any information found on this page or by following any link. FBD will not be held liable for any errors or omissions in this material nor any losses, injuries, or damages resulting from the exposure or use of this information. Although the information on this page is/was correct at the time of publication, readers should exercise caution because some or all of the provided information may have changed over time, potentially resulting in inaccuracies. For more information, please read our Terms of Service . Trademarks and logos are the property of their registered owners.

Top 3 Best Online Economics PhD Degree Programs (Doctorates) 2025

We rank the best online PhD degree programs in economics.

Key Takeaways

• The PhD in economics degree is a highly prestigious and advanced degree that leads to many professional opportunities.
• Earning an economics doctorate can qualify you to become an economist with influence in public policy, post-secondary education, or research.
• Only a select few accredited graduate schools offer an online economics PhD or related studies.

Best Online Economics PhD Degree Programs in 2025

Hampton university, liberty university, baker college, 2025 ranking update.

Our Influence Ranking Engine™ leverages machine learning to track the real-world influence of colleges and universities over time. Below you’ll see which schools gained or lost ground for the 2025 school year.

In 2025, the schools in our ranking of the best online economics PhD degree programs saw no change in ranking positions.

Featured Programs

The best online economics doctorates (phds).

The online PhD in economics programs identified here are ranked based on influence, with weighting for graduation rate and full-time online enrollment. Also included are online Doctorate of Business Administration (DBA) degrees courses focused on economics and related topics.

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Median SAT/ACT

What do we love about Hampton University?

Hampton University is a private HBCU based in Hampton, Virginia. Founded in 1868 by a joint commission of Black and White leaders, Hampton was established with the mission of educating freedmen in the immediate aftermath of the U.S. Civil War.

Today, Hampton University is home to 16 leading research facilities, including the largest free-standing Proton Therapy Institute in the world.

Among its numerous post-graduate programs, Hampton University offers an online Doctor of Philosophy in Business Administration , which includes noteworthy courses in areas like Managerial Economics, Empirical Research Methods, and Advanced Topics in Research.

Wish to attend an HBCU that consistently ranks among the top ten Historically Black institutions.

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What do we love about Liberty University?

Liberty University is one of the largest Christian universities in the world as well as one of the largest private non-profit universities in the U.S. Much of this size is based on its online enrollment.

Liberty University enrolls roughly 15,000 residential students across its 17 colleges, and an additional 80,000 through its extensive online course and degree offerings.

Liberty University is noted for the sheer volume of advanced degrees and online degrees earned by its student body. With more than 47,000 students pursuing advanced degrees, Liberty University offers an extremely wide range of online doctoral programs, including online PhD programs in many different disciplines.

For instance, Liberty University offers an online Doctor of Philosophy in Public Policy with a concentration in Economic Policy . Liberty University’s PhD program is structured to build upon your existing knowledge of economics and provide a deeper look at how the discipline of economics relates to public policy.

Wish to attend the world’s largest seminary—Liberty University’s Rawlings School of Divinity.

Students who do not identify with Evangelical Christianity.

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Baker College’s faculty and alumni have been influential in:

• Engineering
• Computer Science
• Criminal Justice

What do we love about Baker College?

Baker College was founded in 1911, and established its first campus in Flint, Michigan. Beginning as a for-profit institution called the Baker Business College, Baker would evolve into a non-profit college in 1977.

Today, Baker’s primary campus is located in Owosso, Michigan with another ten satellite campuses throughout the state’s Lower Peninsula region. Nearly 5000 undergraduate and postgraduate students are currently in pursuit of degrees at Baker.

Baker College offers an online Doctor of Business Administration geared toward aspiring international business leaders, featuring courses such as Global Financial Economy, Leading 21st Century Organizations, and Introduction to Research Methods and Design.

Are looking for an accessible academic institution. More than 85% of applicants are accepted into Baker.

Are looking to get involved in campus life. Students indicate that Baker has a limited offering of campus clubs and activities.

Other Options for Aspiring Economists

Students considering an online doctoral in economics should also check out the best on-campus options to compare features like cost, curriculum, acceptance rate, and more.

University of California, Berkeley

• #2 Best Universities in the US Ranked for Prospective Students in 2025
• #2 50 Best Graduate Schools Ranked for Prospective Students in 2025
• #2 50 Best Colleges and Universities Ranked for Undergrads in 2025
• #2 Top Schools that Offer Free Master's Degrees Online
• #2 50 Best Research Universities Ranked for Undergrads in 2024
• #3 Best Universities in the World 2025
• #1 Best Colleges in California 2024
• #1 Best Grad Schools California 2025
• #1 Best Research Universities in California 2025
• #1 Best Public Colleges California 2024
• #1 Most Affordable Colleges in California 2025
• #2 The Most Influential Universities and Colleges Ranked by State 2024
• #1 Best Research Universities for Social Work Degrees 2025
• #1 Best Research Universities for Communications Degrees 2025
• #2 Best Research Universities for Computer Science Degrees
• #2 Best Research Universities for Religious Studies Degrees
• #2 Best Colleges and Universities for Sociology Degrees 2025
• #2 Best Research Universities for Math Degrees
• #2 Best Research Universities for Economics Degrees 2025
• #2 Best Research Universities for Philosophy Degrees 2025
• #2 Best Research Universities for Psychology Degrees 2025
• #2 Best Research Universities for Biology Degrees 2025
• #4 Best Research Universities for Engineering Degrees
• #4 Best Research Universities for Sociology Degrees
• #4 Best Research Universities for Chemistry Degrees
• #5 Best Research Universities for Anthropology Degrees
• #6 Best Research Universities for Physics Degrees
• #7 Best Research Universities for English Degrees
• #7 Best Research Universities for History Degrees
• #7 Best Research Universities for Political Science Degrees
• #8 Best Research Universities for Earth Sciences Degrees
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Career Outlook for Economics degree at University of California, Berkeley

University of California, Berkeley’s faculty and alumni have been influential in:

• Earth Sciences
• Mathematics
• Anthropology
• Communications

Most Influential Alumni

• Daniel Kahneman
• John Kenneth Galbraith
• Timothy Leary
• Shing-Tung Yau
• Ken Thompson
• Niklaus Wirth
• Douglas Engelbart
• Theodosius Dobzhansky
• Betty Friedan
• George Dantzig
• Octavio Paz
• Gary Snyder

New York University

• #10 50 Best Colleges and Universities Ranked for Undergrads in 2025
• #16 Best Universities in the World 2025
• #23 50 Best Research Universities Ranked for Undergrads in 2024
• #2 Best Grad Schools in New York 2025
• #2 Best Research Universities in New York 2025
• #2 Best Colleges in New York 2024
• #2 Best Private Colleges in New York 2024
• #3 The Most Influential Universities and Colleges Ranked by State 2024
• #2 Best Research Universities for Social Work Degrees 2025
• #3 Best Research Universities for Education Degrees 2025
• #3 Best Research Universities for Nursing Degrees
• #4 Best Research Universities for Business Degrees 2025
• #5 Best Research Universities for Communications Degrees 2025
• #8 Best Research Universities for English Degrees
• #9 Best Research Universities for Religious Studies Degrees
• #9 Best Research Universities for Biology Degrees 2025
• #10 Best Research Universities for Computer Science Degrees
• #10 Best Research Universities for Math Degrees
• #10 Best Research Universities for Economics Degrees 2025
• #10 Best Research Universities for Philosophy Degrees 2025
• #10 Best Research Universities for Psychology Degrees 2025
• #14 Best Research Universities for Sociology Degrees
• #15 Best Research Universities for Anthropology Degrees
• #15 Best Research Universities for History Degrees
• #15 Best Research Universities for Political Science Degrees
• #23 Best Research Universities for Engineering Degrees
• #23 Best Research Universities for Physics Degrees
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New York University’s faculty and alumni have been influential in:

• Social Work
• Erich Fromm
• Robert Mueller
• Martha Nussbaum
• John Archibald Wheeler
• Glenn Greenwald
• Howard Zinn
• Eric Kandel
• Lewis Mumford
• Alvin Toffler
• Louis Nirenberg

University of Michigan

• #4 Top Schools that Offer Free Master's Degrees Online
• #9 Best Universities in the US Ranked for Prospective Students in 2025
• #9 50 Best Graduate Schools Ranked for Prospective Students in 2025
• #9 50 Best Colleges and Universities Ranked for Undergrads in 2025
• #14 Best Universities in the World 2025
• #22 50 Best Research Universities Ranked for Undergrads in 2024
• #1 Best Research Universities in Michigan 2025
• #1 Best Colleges in Michigan 2025
• #1 Best Grad Schools in Michigan 2024
• #1 The Most Influential Universities and Colleges Ranked by State 2024
• #1 Most Affordable Colleges in Michigan 2025
• #1 Best Public Colleges in Michigan 2024
• #2 Best Research Universities for Education Degrees 2025
• #2 Best Research Universities for Nursing Degrees
• #3 Best Research Universities for Business Degrees 2025
• #4 Best Research Universities for Communications Degrees 2025
• #8 Best Research Universities for Religious Studies Degrees
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• #9 Best Research Universities for Computer Science Degrees
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• #13 Best Research Universities for Physics Degrees
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Career Outlook for Economics degree at University of Michigan

University of Michigan’s faculty and alumni have been influential in:

• Claude Shannon
• Arthur Miller
• Alvin Plantinga
• Edgar F. Codd
• Hans-Hermann Hoppe
• Stephen Smale
• Urie Bronfenbrenner
• John Henry Holland
• Amos Tversky
• Marshall Sahlins

University of California, Los Angeles

• #7 America's 15 Most Technologically Advanced Colleges
• #13 Best Universities in the US Ranked for Prospective Students in 2025
• #13 50 Best Graduate Schools Ranked for Prospective Students in 2025
• #13 50 Best Colleges and Universities Ranked for Undergrads in 2025
• #24 Best Universities in the World 2025
• #2 Best Public Colleges California 2024
• #2 Most Affordable Colleges in California 2025
• #3 Best Colleges in California 2024
• #3 Best Grad Schools California 2025
• #3 Best Research Universities in California 2025
• #4 Best Research Universities for Education Degrees 2025
• #5 Best Research Universities for Nursing Degrees
• #7 Best Research Universities for Business Degrees 2025
• #8 Best Research Universities for Communications Degrees 2025
• #11 Best Research Universities for Anthropology Degrees
• #12 Best Research Universities for Religious Studies Degrees
• #12 Best Research Universities for Sociology Degrees
• #12 Best Research Universities for Earth Sciences Degrees
• #12 Best Research Universities for Chemistry Degrees
• #12 Best Research Universities for Biology Degrees 2025
• #13 Best Research Universities for Computer Science Degrees
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• #13 Best Research Universities for Economics Degrees 2025
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• #13 Best Research Universities for Psychology Degrees 2025
• #14 Best Research Universities for History Degrees
• #14 Best Research Universities for Engineering Degrees
• #14 Best Research Universities for Physics Degrees
• #15 Best Research Universities for English Degrees
• #18 Best Research Universities for Political Science Degrees
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Career Outlook for Economics degree at University of California, Los Angeles

University of California, Los Angeles’s faculty and alumni have been influential in:

• Hilary Putnam
• Elinor Ostrom
• Judea Pearl
• Glenn T. Seaborg
• Barry Boehm
• Stanley Cavell
• William F. Sharpe
• John Ehrlichman
• Stephen Krashen
• Edward O. Thorp
• Stephen Kosslyn

George Mason University

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• #2 Best Colleges in Virginia 2024
• #4 The Most Influential Universities and Colleges Ranked by State 2024
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• #2 Top 15 Most Affordable Online Information Technology PhD Programs
• #4 10 Fastest Accelerated Online Master's of Accounting Programs 2025
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Career Outlook for Economics degree at George Mason University

George Mason University’s faculty and alumni have been influential in:

• Political Science
• Tyler Cowen
• Peter Boettke
• Stephen Moore
• Steven Horwitz
• Alex Tabarrok
• Peter Leeson
• Fred Foldvary
• Stephen Blair Hedges
• Jon Gettman
• Richard Bausch
• Ivan Katchanovski

Check out the full List of Online Programs .

The PhD in economics is a highly prestigious degree. However, only a select few schools offer the economics PhD online. Some graduate schools of business offer doctoral or business administration degrees with courses focused on economics.

The PhD in economics is a terminal degree. This means it is the highest degree you can earn in the economics field.

Graduates with an economics doctorate can become economists. Economists enjoy well-paying careers in areas like economics research, public policy consultation, economics education, finance, and corporate executive leadership.

PhD in Economics candidates are typically already working at a high level in their field. This means that students seeking their doctorate must balance existing work and personal responsibilities with a challenging course of education. For many graduate students, online courses and fully online programs provide a way to achieve this balance.

For a look at how these online doctoral programs stack up against traditional on campus programs, check out our look at the The Best Research Universities for Economics Degrees .

Or find out what your options are with a look at our full List of University Rankings .

Otherwise, read on and learn more about how you can earn an online PhD in economics.

About Accredited Online PhD in Economics Degree Programs

Quality and credibility are important when it comes to finding an online PhD. The best online doctorate programs will have proper accreditation:

• Institutional Accreditation : Accreditation is vital for online doctoral programs. It signifies that the online PhD programs offered by the graduate school are in compliance with the standards of a Department of Education-approved accrediting body. A school must also be accredited in order to offer federal financial aid to its online doctorate candidates.

When looking for an online doctoral program, seek out options with accreditation from a colleges and schools commission in your region. This stamp of approval is critical for ensuring the quality and credibility of your online program.

• Programmatic Accreditation : In addition to institutional accreditation, consider online doctorate degree programs with programmatic accreditation. In many cases, the preferred specialized accreditation for economics degrees will be the same as that preferred for business administration degrees.

Look for doctoral programs with accreditation from the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB). This is generally an indication of credibility to prospective employers.

• Carnegie Classification : The Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education, or as it is more commonly known, the Carnegie Classification, is a framework for categorizing all accredited, degree-granting institutions in the United States. Originally formulated in 1970 by The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, and administered through the University of Indiana’s Center for Postsecondary Research since 2014, the Carnegie Classification is “the leading framework for recognizing and describing institutional diversity in U.S. higher education.”

Under this classification, top research universities for doctoral degrees and PhD candidates are identified as either R2: Doctoral Universities for “high research activity” or R1: Doctoral Universities for “very high research activity.” Look for these classifications when considering options for your online Phd programs.

Key Point: The best online doctoral programs will have both institutional and programmatic accreditation.

Admission Requirements

Schools that offer online doctorate programs have different admission requirements. However, most online doctoral programs will carry the same basic threshold for admission:

• A completed online application
• Official undergraduate college transcripts
• A cumulative GPA of at least 3.0
• GRE scores, MAT scores, or GMAT scores
• Letters of recommendation
• Personal interviews
• Personal statement or essay
• Plan of study

Key Point: In most cases, you’ll be eligible to enter a doctoral degree online after earning a bachelor’s degree. However, some specialized online PhD programs may require you to have earned a master’s degree as well.

Curriculum and Courses

As with other advanced degree and graduate programs, research is the central component of your online PhD in economics program. This is true for fully online doctorate degrees as well as hybrid degrees combining online education with traditional on-campus courses. Regardless of whether you complete a traditional, hybrid or online doctoral program, the typical time to completion is three to six years.

The typical components of your online PhD program may include:

Foundational Courses

Foundational courses will typically focus on introductory topics like economic theory, models of economic analysis, economic history, international business, financial economics, and more.

You will also take courses focused on practicing your critical thinking and research skills. You may be able to complete many of these requirements online through your distance learning program.

Examinations for PhD Candidacy

Many online doctoral students are required to complete certain examinations to enter into online PhD candidacy. This will typically occur after you’ve completed one to two years of foundational courses.

Dissertation

In most cases, the central component of your online economics PhD program will be your dissertation research. After gaining status as an online PhD candidate, you will typically work closely with a professorial advisor or mentor to develop an original research question.

This research question will form the basis of your dissertation—an ongoing project designed to address this question through applied research and the demonstration of advanced knowledge. While you will work closely with your advisor or mentor, much of your dissertation will be rooted in your ability to conduct research independently. This is especially true for students pursuing an online PhD.

Oral Defense

Upon completion of the written portion of your dissertation—which will typically present the findings from your original research project—you will be expected to defend your findings. This “oral defense” will typically be conducted by a commission of professors and experts in your field. PhD candidates in some online degree programs may be able to conduct this defense via teleconferencing.

Teaching Requirements

Some online PhD programs will also include a teaching component, which will require you to work as an adjunct professor or teacher’s assistant in an undergraduate or graduate school. It may be possible for students in the online doctoral degree program to also serve teaching requirements by instructing online students.

Key Point: The online doctor of economics degree program is a research-focused degree. Your dissertation will be a central part of earning your economics degree online.

Careers for Students Who Earn Their Doctoral Degree in Economics Online

The PhD in economics is a terminal degree program. This means that students who complete credible online doctoral programs in economics are generally eligible for top positions and opportunities in their field.

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics , the top 10% of earners among economists earned more than $193,000 in 2021. Many of these top earners worked in fields like finance, insurance, federal governance, technical consulting services, and more.

PhDs in economics are also more likely to be sought out by prestigious international organizations for leadership and consultation opportunities.

These higher earnings reflect the high demand for qualified PhDs in economics in the following fields:

• Federal Government
• Scientific and Technical Consulting Services
• Management Consulting
• Public Policy Consultation
• Economic Theory Research
• Post-Secondary Education
• Corporate Executive Leadership

Key Points: According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, students who complete the economics doctorate program will be eligible for top-paying roles in finance, insurance, public policy, and more.

What’s the difference between online doctoral programs and online PhD programs?

Technically, a PhD is a type of doctorate degree. This means that all online PhD candidates are doctoral students. By contrast, not all doctoral students are PhD candidates.

The primary distinction is that doctoral students are primarily focused on putting existing theories into practice. Depending on your chosen field, your online doctoral degree may require participation in an educational leadership program, engagement in clinical practice, work as a resident in a nursing program, and much more.

By contrast, online PhD students are focused on creating new knowledge in their area of study. This usually means that online PhD candidates are focused on introducing new theories, creating research projects around these theories, and presenting new findings that demonstrate a mastery of existing knowledge and the insight to introduce new ideas into the field.

Today, more working professionals than ever before are pursuing both online doctoral degrees and online Phd programs.