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The everything soapmaking book : recipes and techniques for creating colorful and fragrant soaps
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- DOI: 10.4314/njtd.v16i3.1
- Corpus ID: 210248226
Development and performance evaluation of portable liquid soap making machine for small and medium scale industry
- A. Adekunle , P. Omoniyi , +2 authors G. A. Akoh
- Published in Nigerian Journal of… 11 November 2019
- Engineering
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Toilet soap formulation and additives for its enhanced physicochemical and medicinal properties, optimization of serration process in worm shaft, 22 references, development of equipment for making homemade laundry soap.
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A report on soap making in Nigeria using indigenous technology and raw materials
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PROPOSAL ON SOAP RESEARCH PROJECT
Related Papers
Journal of Surfactants and Detergents
Soaps made from blends of distilled palm stearin (PS) and palm (PK) kernel fatty acids were evaluated for total fatty matter, sodium chloride content, moisture content, hardness, Hunter whiteness, foamability, iodine value, titer value, and acid value. Data showed that these soaps had properties similar to palm-based soaps made from distilled palm oil and palm kernel fatty acids. The soaps showed good whiteness (greater than 80%) and foamability. Total fatty matter ranged from 10–18%, sodium chloride content was 0.5%, and free caustic was 0.1% except for blend 8 containing 10 PS:90 PK, which had a free caustic of 0.03%. Initial penetration value, a reflection of soap hardness, ranged from 32–126 mm, with an average value of 54 mm. This value is within the range of the best blends of palm-based soaps (50–63 mm). There was no obvious trend observed. Penetration value, however was found to stabilize after a month of storage with an average value of 19.4 mm. Soap with this hardness value is relatively hard and therefore should be blended with a small amount of soft oils.
RAPHERT TETTEH
Total Fatty Matter (TFM) is one of the most important characteristics describing the quality of soaps. Higher TFM ensures that soaps are least harmful to the skin and do not cause dryness; in "bathing" bars. Less TFM means very harmful soap, that soap will grasp all the moisture present in the skin making it dry. The various total fatty matters of the soaps were determined according to how it is use in our everyday life. The bathing soaps with identical codes; BS001, BS002, BS003, BS004 and BS005 was determine to have 25.5925%, 35.2745%, 45.9120%, 88.3055% and 30.2067% total fatty matter respectively, comparing with the accepted standards only the soaps with identical code BS004 meet the minimum accepted standard and hence can be classified as grade three (3) soaps. The laundry soaps with identical codes; LS001, LS002, LS003, LS004 and LS005 total fatty matter content were 27.2939%, 30.0590%, 44.7193%, 32.9100% and 35.7595% respectively. The total fatty matter for the medicated soaps with identical codes; MS001, MS002, MS003, MS004 and MS005 were 56.1656%, 45.3020%, 45.4963%, 50.2323% and 43.5830% respectively and the total fatty matter of the toilet soaps with identical codes; TS001, TS002, TS003, TS004 and TS005 were 67.6253%, 72.9206%, 58.2573%, 42.4820% and 40.4052% respectively. From the result obtained from the analysis, it can be concluded that most of the soaps analyzed did not meet the standard and can therefore be classified as sub-standard soaps.
Prince Ukata
EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF VEGETABLE OIL USING BREAD FRUIT SEED
CHRISTOPHER U . EBONG
ABSTRACT Vegetable oils are triglycerides extract from plants and made of up of fatty acid chains. The fatty acids can be saturated or unsaturated depending on the number of carbon-carbon double bonds. The degree of saturation/unsaturation is indicated by the iodine value of the oil. Hence this research work was aimed at comparing the iodine values of five different vegetable oil (groundnut oil, palm oil, olive oil, palm kernel oil and coconut oil) samples bought from Swali market, Yenagoa, Bayelsa state in Nigeria. The vegetable oils were analyzed for their iodine values and the following results were obtained: For groundnut oil, the iodine values were found to be 86.00 g I2/100g, olive oil 81.01 g I2/100g, palm oil 53.91 g I2/100g, palm kernel oil 36.74 g I2/100g, and coconut oil 10 g I2/100g. The iodine values of the five vegetable oil samples analyzed follows the order: Groundnut oil > Olive oil > Palm oil > Palm kernel oil > Coconut oil. Since their iodine values are lower than 100, they are considered to be a non-drying oil which does not harden when it is exposed to air and therefore can be used industrially for the production of hard soaps and are of good nutritional value, hence the oils pose no significant health risks to consumers. Thus, the result of these findings shows that the iodine values obtained were within the regulatory standard and did not exceed the permissible level.
Gyphted Lewis
HANDE SAVAS
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The use of locally available raw materials in so ap production was carried out. The soap. was prepared using sheabutter oil (SBO), p alm kernel oil (PKO) and plantain peels. T he. physicochemical ...
In the present study. in the process of preparation of soaps, dissimilar oils of 5 types i.e., coconut oil, palm oil, castor oil, olive oil and gee. oil were utilized. In order to prepare various ...
Academia.edu is a platform for academics to share research papers. Title: Soap-Making Manual A Practical Handbook on the Raw Materials, Their Manipulation, Analysis and Control in the Modern Soap Plant. ... Download Free PDF. Download Free PDF. Title: Soap-Making Manual A Practical Handbook on the Raw Materials, Their Manipulation, Analysis and ...
Download full-text PDF Read ... and to determine the quality of the paper soapswhich is a disposable hand soap. This research used laboratory experimental method using descriptive analysis ...
Download Free PDF. Download Free PDF. SOAP AND DETERGENT MANUFACTURE ... The soap produced was fairly hard, form good lather and fair to the skin when used for washing. The soap making machine assembly is cost effective and can be a model for a one-shop soap factory for low income earners in developing countries. ... National Hellenic Research ...
See Full PDFDownload PDF. SOAP MANUFACTURING PROCESS BY BINU fSOAP • In chemistry, soap is a salt of a fatty acid. • Consumers mainly use soaps as surfactants for washing, bathing, and cleaning, but they are also used in textile spinning and are important components of lubricants. • Soaps for cleansing are obtained by treating vegetable ...
However, three conventional methods of soapmaking are generally used in both large-and small-scale soap production units. These methods include semi-boiling, full-boiling and cold processes, and will be discussed in this chapter. 6.1 Semi-boiling Process.
Pdf_module_version 0.0.18 Ppi 360 Rcs_key 24143 Republisher_date 20220629085812 Republisher_operator [email protected] Republisher_time 623 Scandate 20220625052753 Scanner station16.cebu.archive.org Scanningcenter
The oils and fats used in soap-making fall into three categories as shown in the table below: An example of a suitable blend is 24 parts Category A oil, 24 parts Category B oil, 38 parts Category C fat, plus 12 parts caustic soda dissolved in 32 parts water. *All proportions are by weight. 1 8. Making soap
oils until they are liquid.Mix the lye solution with the liqu. oils and stir until trace. Soap has reached trace when a spoonful of soap batter is drizzled into the pot of soap, and an outline of the drizzle remains on the surface before slo. y mixing back into the pot.Cook the soap batter at a low.
Download full-text PDF Read full-text. ... we used the cold process technique to create a herbal soap.In order to make herbal soap namely (F-1 &F-2), coconut oil, Glycerine, Moringa oleifera ...
The art of soap-making
So, In this research, we used the cold process technique to create a herbal soap.In order to make herbal soap namely (F-1 &F-2), coconut oil, Glycerine, Moringa oleifera extract, C. sinensis peel Powder, and sodium hydroxide (lye) was used, and the various extracts were afterwards combined into the primary saponification process.After ...
The project work entails design, fabrication and testing of a 15 litres semi-automatic liquid soap making machine for small and medium scale industry using cold process method. A survey carried out on conventional method (the local method) showed that the conventional method consumes time, energy, has low output and efficiency and is hazardous to health. The fabricated machine consists of four ...
The discovery of soap dates back to about 6000 years ago. Around 2800 B.C.E, the ancient Babylon excavations uncovered cylinders with inscriptions for making soap.1 In 1500 B.C.E, records from ancient Egypt described how animal and vegetable oils were combined with alkaline salts to make soap.
Download full-text PDF Download full-text PDF Read full-text. ... Modern soap making began in the 19 th century with the work of ... Join ResearchGate to find the people and research you need to ...
nt spritzes of 91% Isopropyl Alcohol can help. If Soda Ash persists despite preventative methods, washing the soa. after a few days of curing will help as well. To wash soap, run the it under cold tap water and rub the efe. ted areas with a pair of old nylons or tights. Rin.
Soap Making. Christian John R Castro. Soap, a by-product of saponification, is a cleaning agent composed of various surfactants-a substance that reduces water's surface tension. It was the first substitute for water as washing agents and treatment for skin diseases, becoming the oldest and most natural surfactant, and was first made from animal ...
quality soa p hel ps red uce family expenses. Hand-crafted production of household and laundry. soap is based on two main processes: the semi-boiled process and the cold process. And also soap is ...
Research Paper About Soap Making - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. The document discusses the challenges of writing a thesis on soap making and provides information on an organization called BuyPapers.club that offers assistance with writing thesis papers on various topics, including soap making. They provide expert writers, customization of writing ...
The researchers studied about making soap with long lasting fragrance in order to find its feasibility, which will also suffice the satisfaction of consumers through making its fragrance last in long period of time. This kind of product has not yet ... Download Free PDF. An Experimental Research on Making a Soap with Long-Lasting Fragrance.
Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Soap. Ashlesha Ghanwat*, Sachin Wayzod and Vanjire Divya. Mahalaxmi Institute of Pharmacy, Raigaon, Satara, 415020, M.S., India. ABSTRACT. A herbal soap and ...
(DOC) PROPOSAL ON SOAP RESEARCH PROJECT