upsc essay paper 2022

UPSC Essay Topic wise Question Papers of last 31 years (1993-2023) for Civil Services IAS/IPS Exam Free Download

In the UPSC mains examination, essay paper is worth 250 marks and three hours. Here is the topic wise questions from the earlier years for the benefit of civil service IAS IPS aspirants.

1.1 India Since Independence

1.2 federalism, decentralization, 1.3 administration, 1.4 judiciary, 1.5 poverty, social justice, 1.6 indian society, culture and values, 1.7 media, tv & cinema, literature, 2.1 growth vs development, 2.2 environment vs development, 2.4 sectors of economy, 3.1 values in education, 3.2 scheme implementation, 3.3 higher education, 4.1 character, honesty, ethics, 4.2 knowledge, 4.3 compassion, 4.4 truth and reality, 4.5 youth, discipline, 4.6 towards excellence, 5.1 @national politics, 5.2 @world / quote type, 5.3 empowerment overall, 5.4 compared to men, 6.1 globalization, 6.2 international org./ bilateral, 6.3 security, 6.4 history, 7.1 science and religion, 7.2 science and education, 7.3 computer and internet, 7.4 sci-tech: others, appendix: linear paper of upsc essay 2023, appendix: linear paper of upsc essay 2022, appendix: model answer pe free lecture & powerpoint, appendix: syllabus of essay paper in upsc, 1 india: democracy, administration, society, culture.

• Is the Colonial mentality hindering India’s Success? -2013
• In the context of Gandhiji’s views on the matter, explore, on an evolutionary scale, the terms ‘Swadhinata’, ‘Swaraj’ and ‘Dharmarajya’. Critically comment on their contemporary relevance to Indian democracy -2012
• Dreams which should not let India sleep. -2015
• Why should we be proud of being Indians? -2000
• Whither Indian democracy? -1995
• How far has democracy in India delivered the goods? -2003
• What we have not learnt during fifty years of independence. -1997
• What have we gained from our democratic set-up? -2001
• My vision of India in 2001 a.d. -1993
• Impact of the new economic measures on fiscal ties between the union and states in India. -2017
• Water disputes between States in federal India. -2016
• Cooperative federalism : Myth or reality. -2016
• Creation of smaller states and the consequent administrative, economic and developmental implication -2011
• Evaluation of panchayati raj system in India from the point of view of eradication of power to people. -2007
• Water resources should be under the control of the central government. -2004
• The language problem in India: its past, present and prospects. -1998
• There are better practices to “best practices”. -2021
• How should a civil servant conduct himself? -2003
• Politics without ethics is a disaster. -1995
• The VIP cult is a bane of Indian democracy -1996
• Need for transparency in public administration -1996
• The country’s need for a better disaster management system. -2000
• Politics, bureaucracy and business – fatal triangle. -1994
• We may brave human laws but cannot resist natural laws. -2017
• Justice must reach the poor -2005
• Judicial activism and Indian democracy. -2004
• Judicial activism. -1997
• A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity. (- जिस समाज में अधिक न्याय होता है उस समाज को दान की कम आवश्यकता होती है।) – 2023
• There can be no social justice without economic prosperity but economic prosperity without social justice is meaningless (बिना आर्थिक समृद्धि के सामाजिक न्याय नहीं हो सकता, किन्तु बिना सामाजिक न्याय के आर्थिक समृद्धि निरर्थक है ) -2020
• Neglect of primary health care and education in India are reasons for its backwardness. -2019
• The focus of health care is increasingly getting skewed towards the ‘haves’ of our society. -2009
• Food security for sustainable national development -2005
• Reservation, politics and empowerment. -1999
• Culture is what we are, civilization is what we have (जो हम है, वह संस्कार; जो हमारे पास है, वह सभ्यता ) -2020
• Indian culture today: a myth or a reality? -2000
• Modernism and our traditional socio-ethical values. -2000
• The composite culture of India. -1998
• The Indian society at the crossroads. -1994
• From traditional Indian philanthropy to the gates-buffet model-a natural progression or a paradigm shift? -2010
• New cults and godmen: a threat to traditional religion -1996
• Biased media is a real threat to Indian democracy. -2019
• Responsibility of media in a democracy. -2002
• Role of media in good governance -2008
• Does Indian cinema shape our popular culture or merely reflect it? -2011
• How has satellite television brought about cultural change in Indian mindsets? -2007
• Is sting operation an invasion on privacy? -2014
• Mass media and cultural invasion. -1999
• The misinterpretation and misuse of freedom in India. -1998
• Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world (कवि संसार के अनधिकृत रूप से विधायक होते हैं) – 2022

2 Economy, Development

• Poverty anywhere is a threat to prosperity everywhere. -2018
• Digital economy: A leveller or a source of economic inequality. -2016
• Innovation is the key determinant of economic growth and social welfare. -2016
• Near jobless growth in India: An anomaly or an outcome of economic reforms. -2016
• Crisis faced in India – moral or economic. -2015
• Was it the policy paralysis or the paralysis of implementation which slowed the growth of our country? -2014
• GDP (Gross Domestic Product) along with GDH (Gross Domestic Happiness) would be the right indices for judging the wellbeing of a country-2013
• Can capitalism bring inclusive growth? -2015
• Resource management in the Indian context. -1999
• Economic growth without distributive justice is bound to breed violence. -1993
• Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence (आर्थिक समृद्धि हासिल करने के मामले में वन सर्वोत्तम प्रतिमान होते हैं।) – 2022
• Alternative technologies for a climate change resilient India. -2018
• Should a moratorium be imposed on all fresh mining in tribal areas of the country? -2010
• Urbanisation and its hazards -2008
• Protection of ecology and environment is essential for sustained economic development. -2006
• Urbanization is a blessing in disguise. -1997
• Ecological considerations need not hamper development. -1993
• Globalization would finish small-scale industries in India. -2006
• Multinational corporations – saviours or saboteurs -1994
• Special economic zone: boon or bane -2008
• Is the criticism that the ‘Public-Private-Partnership’ (PPP) model for development is more of a bane than a boon in the Indian context, justified ?-2012
• Farming has lost the ability to be a source of subsistence for majority of farmers in India. -2017
• BPO boom in India. -2007
• Tourism: Can this be the next big thing for India? -2014
• Are our traditional handicrafts doomed to a slow death? -2009

3 Education

• Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in – school. (- शिक्षा वह है जो विद्यालय में विधालय में सीखी गई बातों को भूल जाने के बाद भी शेष रह जाती है।)
• Destiny of a nation is shaped in its classrooms. -2017
• Education without values, as useful as it is, seems rather to make a man more clever devil-2015
• Independent thinking should be encouraged right form the childhood. -2007
• Are the standardized tests good measure of academic ability or progress? -2014
• Irrelevance of the classroom. -2001
• Is the growing level of competition good for the youth? -2014
• Literacy is growing very fast, but there is no corresponding growth in education. -1996
• Is an egalitarian society possible by educating the masses ? -2008
• What is real education? -2005
• “Education for all” campaign in India: myth or reality. -2006
• Restructuring of Indian education system. -1995
• Privatization of higher education in India. -2002
• Credit – based higher education system – status, opportunities and challenges -2011

4 Quote based, Philosophy, Ethics

• A smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities (हर असमंजस के लिए मुस्कराहट ही चुनिन्दा साधन है) – 2022
• Philosophy of wantlessness is a Utopian, while materialism is a chimera. -2021
• Your perception of me is a reflection of you; my reaction to you is an awareness of me. -2021
• Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication (सरलता चरम परिष्करण है ) -2020
• Ships don’t sink because of water around them ships sink because of water that gets into them (जहाज अपने चारों तरफ के पानी के वजह से नहीं डूबा करते, जहाज पानी के अंदर समां जाने की वजह से डूबता हैं ) -2020
• Life is a long journey between being human and being humane.  (मनुष्य होने और मानव बनने के बीच का लम्बा सफर ही जीवन है)-2020
• Values are not what humanity is, but what humanity ought to be -2019
• Best for an individual is not necessarily best for the society -2019
• Courage to accept and dedication to improve are two keys to success -2019
• Wisdom finds truth -2019
• A people that values its privileges above its principles loses both. -2018
• Customary morality cannot be a guide to modem file. -2018
• Need brings greed, if greed increases it spoils breed. -2016
• Character of an institution is reflected in its leader. -2015
• With greater power comes greater responsibility. -2014
• Words are sharper than the two-edged sword. -2014
• Attitude makes, habit makes character and character makes a man. -2007
• He would reigns within himself and folds his passions and desires and fears is more than a king. -1993
• Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team. (- सोच एक खेल की तरह है, यह तब तक शुरू नहीं होता है जब तक कि एक विपरीत टीम/पक्ष न हो।) – 2023
• Mathematics is the music of reason. (- गणित ज्ञान का संगीत है।) – 2023
• The real is rational and the rational is real. -2021
• Mindful manifesto is the catalyst to a tranquil self (विचारपरक संकल्प स्वयं के शांतचित्त रहने का उत्प्रेरक है )-2020
• ‘The past’ is a permanent dimension of human consciousness and values. -2018
• A good life is one inspired by love and guided by knowledge. -2018
• There is nothing either good or bad but thinking makes it so. -2003
• Disinterested intellectual curiosity is the lifeblood of civilisation. -1995
• Joy is the simplest form of gratitude. -2017
• Compassion is the basic of all morality of the world -1993
• Lending hands to someone is better than giving a dole. -2015
• Be the change you want to see in others (Gandhi)-2013
• Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right (केवल इसलिए कि आपके पास विकल्प हैं, इसका यह अर्थ कदापि नहीं है कि उनमें से किसी को भी ठीक होना ही होगा) – 2022
• Reality does not conform to the ideal, but confirms it. -2018
• Truth is lived, not taught -1996
• When money speaks, the truth is silent. -1995
• Search for truth can only be a spiritual problem. -2002
• The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining (छप्पर मरम्मत करने का समय तभी होता है, जब धूप खिली हुई हो) – 2022
• You cannot step twice in the same river (आप उसी नदी में दोबारा नहीं उतर सकते) – 2022
• Discipline means success, anarchy means ruin -2008
• Youth is a blunder, manhood a struggle, old age a regret -1994
• If youth knew, if age could. -2002
• Youth culture today. -1999
• Fifty Golds in Olympics: Can this be a reality for India? -2014
• Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic. (- दूरदर्शी निर्णय तभी लिए जाते है अंतर्ज्ञान और तर्क का परस्पर मेल होता है।) – 2023
• Not all who wander are lost. (- भटकने वाले सभी गुम नहीं हो जाते।) – 2023
• Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane (- रचनात्मकता की प्रेरणा अलौकिक ता में चमत्कार ढूंढने के प्रयास से उपजति है) – 2023
• A ship in harbour is safe, but that is not what ship is for (जहाज बन्दरगाह के भीतर सुरक्षित होता है, परन्तु इसके लिए तो वह होता नहीं है) – 2022
• Quick but steady wins the race. -2015
• Useless life is an early death. -1994
• Our deeds determine us, as much as we determine our deeds. -1995
• The paths of glory lead but to the grave. -2002
• The pursuit of excellence. -2001

5 Women empowerment

• Greater political power alone will not improve women’s plight. -1997
• Women’s reservation bill would usher in empowerment for women in India. -2006
• The new emerging women power: the ground realities. -1995
• Hand that rocks the cradle rules the world. -2021
• If women ruled the world -2005
• The hand that rocks the cradle -2005
• Patriarchy is the least noticed yet the most significant structure of social inequality (पितृ-सत्ता की व्यवस्था नजर मैं बहुत काम आने के बावजूद सामाजिक विषमता की सबसे प्रभावी संरचना है) -2020
• Fulfilment of ‘new woman’ in India is a myth. -2017
• If development is not engendered, it is endangered. -2016
• Whither women’s emancipation? -2004
• Empowerment alone cannot help our women. -2001
• Women empowerment: challenges and prospects. -1999
• Woman is god’s best creation. -1998
• Men have failed: let women take over. -1993
• Managing work and home – is the Indian working woman getting a fair deal ?-2012

6 International issues, Internal Security, History

• South Asian societies are woven not around the state, but around their plural cultures and plural identities. -2019
• Modernisation and westernisation are not identical concepts. -1994
• ‘globalization’ vs. ‘nationalism’ -2009
• National identity and patriotism -2008
• Globalizations and its impact on Indian culture. -2004
• The masks of new imperialism. -2003
• As civilization advances culture declines. -2003
• The implications of globalization for India. -2000
• My vision of an ideal world order. -2001
• India’s contribution to world wisdom. -1998
• The world of the twenty-first century. -1998
• Preparedness of our society for India’s global leadership role. -2010
• Technology as the silent factor in international relations (अंतर्राष्ट्रीय संबंधों मैं मौन करक के रूप मैं प्रौद्योगिकी) -2020
• Has the Non-Alignment Movement (NAM) lost its relevance in a multipolar world ? -2017
• Restructuring of UNO reflect present realities -1996
• The global order: political and economic -1993
• India’s role in promoting ASEAN co-operation. -2004
• Importance of Indo-US nuclear agreement -2006
• Management of Indian border dispute is a complex task. -2018
• In the Indian context , both human intelligence and technical intelligence are crucial in combating terrorism -2011
• Are we a ‘soft’ state ? -2009
• Good fences make good neighbours -2009
• Is autonomy the best answer to combat balkanization? -2007
• Terrorism and world peace -2005
• True religion cannot be misused. -1997
• History repeats itself, first as tragedy, second as farce. -2021
• Geography may remain the same ; history need not. -2010

7 Science-Technology

• Spirituality and scientific temper. -2003
• Science and Mysticism : Are they compatible ?-2012
• What is research, but a blind date with knowledge! -2021
• Modern technological education and human values. -2002
• Value-based science and education. -1999
• The march of science and the erosion of human values. -2001
• The process of self-discovery has now been technologically outsourced. -2021
• Rise of Artificial Intelligence: the threat of jobless future or better job opportunities through reskilling and upskilling. -2019
• ‘Social media’ is inherently a selfish medium. -2017
• Cyberspace and Internet : Blessing or curse to the human civilization in the long run -2016
• Increasing computerization would lead to the creation of a dehumanized society. -2006
• The cyberworld: its charms and challenges. -2000
• Computer: the harbinger of silent revolution. -1993
• Technology cannot replace manpower. -2015
• Science and technology is the panacea for the growth and security of the nation-2013
• The modern doctor and his patients. -1997
• The lure of space. -2004

Section-A (write any one)

• Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team. (- सोच एक खेल की तरह है, यह तब तक शुरू नहीं होता है जब तक कि एक विपरीत टीम/पक्ष न हो।)
• Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic. (- दूरदर्शी निर्णय तभी लिए जाते है अंतर्ज्ञान और तर्क का परस्पर मेल होता है।)
• Not all who wander are lost. (- भटकने वाले सभी गुम नहीं हो जाते।)
• Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane (- रचनात्मकता की प्रेरणा अलौकिक ता में चमत्कार ढूंढने के प्रयास से उपजति है)

Section-B (write any one)

• Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands – two equally harmful disciplines. (-लड़कियां बंदिशों के तथा लड़के अपेक्षा के बोझ तले दबे हुए होते हैं दोनों ही समान रूप से हानिकारक व्यवस्थाएं हैं।)
• Mathematics is the music of reason. (- गणित ज्ञान का संगीत है।)
• A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity. (- जिस समाज में अधिक न्याय होता है उस समाज को दान की कम आवश्यकता होती है।)

Answer one-one essay from each section in 1000-1200 words

• History is a series of victories won by the scientific man over the romantic man (इतिहास वैज्ञानिक मनुष्य के रूमानी मनुष्य पर विजय हासिल करने का एक सिलसिला है।) – 2022
• A ship in harbour is safe, but that is not what ship is for (जहाज बन्दरगाह के भीतर सुरक्षित होता है, परन्तु इसके लिए तो वह होता नहीं है) & 2022
• Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right (केवल इसलिए कि आपके पास विकल्प हैं, इसका यह अर्थ कदापि नहीं है कि उनमें से किसी को भी ठीक होना ही होगा) – 2022

Essay: Candidates may be required to write essays on multiple topics. They will be expected to keep closely to the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas in orderly fashion, and to write concisely. Credit will be given for effective and exact expression.

• IAS Preparation
• UPSC Preparation Strategy
• UPSC Mains 2022 Essay Question Paper

UPSC Mains 2022 Essay Question Paper - Download PDF

The UPSC Mains Essay paper was conducted on Friday, 16th September 2022, in the forenoon session (9 AM to 12 PM). The UPSC Mains 2022 is set to take place on 16, 17, 18, 24 and 25th September 2022.

For other papers in the Mains segment of UPSC, candidates can further check the UPSC Mains 2022 Question Papers page at their own behest.

UPSC Mains Essay Questions 2022 – Download PDF Here

UPSC Mains 2022 Essay Questions

The UPSC Essay paper segment consists of two sections. They are Section A and Section B. Both sections have about four questions each. The candidates have to choose one topic from each section, thus having to answer 2 essay questions in total.

The word limit for each question is to be within the range of 1000-1200 words. The mark for each question is 125, thus, the total allotted marks are about 250.

The paper will be included in the merit ranking.

The Essay Topics asked in the UPSC Mains 2022 are given below:

• Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence.
• Pets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world.
• History is a series of victories won by the scientific man over the romantic man.
• A ship in harbour is safe, but that is not what ship is for.

Section – B

1. The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining.

2. You cannot step twice in the same river.

3. A smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities.

4. Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right.

Candidates can also refer to the UPSC Mains 2021 Essay Questions , in the given link.

Some of the useful links for the candidates to prepare for an essay paper are as follows:

The candidates may be required to write essays on multiple topics. While answering the essay questions, the aspirants are expected to keep close to the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas in an orderly manner and to write concisely. It is important to remember that credit will be given for effective and exact expression.

To download the question paper PDFs of General Studies papers, the aspirants can check the links below:

The candidates can also download the question paper PDFs of UPSC Mains 2022 Optional Paper from the linked article.

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GS Paper 4 UPSC 2022 (Mains): Question Paper and Analysis

Last updated on September 19, 2022 by ClearIAS Team

UPSC conducted the  General Studies Paper 4 , as part of the Civil Services Main Exam 2022 on 18-09-2022.There were 12 questions split into two sections – A and B.Case studies were included in Section B. Many questions had sub-sections.

Table of Contents

GS Paper 4 UPSC 2022: Instructions

• Total Marks: 250 marks, Time duration: 3 hours.
• There are 12 questions divided into two sections and printed both in ENGLISH and HINDI.
• All questions are compulsory.
• The number of marks carried by a question/part is printed against it.
• Answers must be written in the medium authorized in the admission certificate which must be stated clearly on the cover of this question-cum-answer (QCA) booklet in the space provided.
• No marks will be given for answers written in a medium other than the authorized one.
• Keep the word limit indicated in the questions in mind.
• Any page or portion of the page left blank, must be struck off clearly.
• The content of the answer is more important than its length.

General Studies Paper 4 Question Paper – UPSC Civil Services Main Exam (Written) 2022

Qn1(a). Wisdom lies in knowing what to reckon with and what to overlook. An officer being engrossed with the periphery ignoring the core issues before him is not rare in the Bureaucracy. Do you agree that such preoccupation of an administrator leads to travesty of justice to the cause of effective service delivery and good governance? Critically evaluate (150 words)

Qn2(a). The Rules and Regulations provided to all the Civil servants are same, yet there is difference in the performance. Positive minded officers are able to interpret the Rules and Regulations in favour of the case and achieve success, Whereas, negative minded officers are unable to achieve goals by interacting the same Rules and Regulations against the case. Discuss with illustrations.

(b)It is believed that adherence to ethics in human actions would ensure in smooth functioning of an organization / system. If so, what does ethics seek to promote in human life? How do how do ethical values assist in the resolution of conflicts faced by him in his day to day functioning?

Qn3. What does each of the following quotations mean to you? (a) “Ethics is knowing the difference between what you have the right to do and what is right to do. “-Potter Stewart (b) “If a country is to be corruption free and become a nation of beautiful minds, I strongly feel that there are three key societal members who can make a difference They are father, mother and teacher.”- APJ Abdul Kalam

Download Timetable and Study Plan ⇓

(1) ⇒ UPSC Mains Test Series 2024

(2) ⇒ UPSC Prelims Test Series 2025

(3) ⇒ UPSC Fight Back 2025

(4) ⇒ UPSC Prelims cum Mains 2025

(c) “Judge your success by what you had to give up in order to get it”- Dalai Lama

Qn4(a)What do you understand by the term ‘good governance? How far recent initiatives in terms of e-Governance steps taken by the State have helped the beneficiaries? Discuss with suitable examples.

(b) Online methodology is being used for day-to-day meetings, institutional approvals in the administration and for teaching and learning in education sector to the extent telemedicine in the health sector is getting popular with the approval of the competent authority. No doubt it has advantages and disadvantages for both the beneficiaries and the system at large. Describe and discuss reticle issues involved in the use of the online method, particularly to the vulnerable section of the society.

Qn5(a). Russia and Ukraine war has been going on for the last seven months. Different countries have taken independent stands and actions keeping in view their own national interests. We are all aware that war has its own impact on the different aspects of society, including human tragedy. What are those ethical issues that are crucial to be considered while launching the war and its continuation so far? Illustrate with justification the ethical issues involved in the given state of affairs.

(b) Write short notes on the following in 30 words each:

Qn7 There was another dimension which was causing him deep mental torture and agony . This pertained to his personal precarious financial health . He was a single earner in the family with two school – college going children and his old ailing mother . The heavy expenditure on education and medical was causing a big strain to his monthly pay packet . Regular EMI for housing loan taken from bank was unavoidable and any default would render him liable for severe legal action . In the above backdrop , he was hoping for some miracle to happen . There was sudden turn of events . His secretary informed that a gentleman – Subhash Verma wanted to see him as he was interested in the position of Manager which was to be filled in by him in the company . He further brought to his notice that his CV has been received through the office of the Minister of Defence . During interview of the candidate Subhash Verma , he found him technically sound , resourceful and experienced marketeer . He seemed to be well – conversant with tendering procedures and having knack of follow – up and liaising in this regard . Prabhat felt that he was better choice than the rest of the candidates who were interviewed by him in the last few days . Subhash Verma also indicated that he was in possession of the copies of the bid documents that the Unique Electronics Ltd. would be submitting the next day to the Defence Ministry for their tender . He offered to hand over those documents subject to his employment in the company on suitable terms and conditions . He made it clear that in the process , the Sterling Electric Ltd. could outbid their rival company and get the bid and hefty Defence Ministry order . He indicated that it will be win – win situation for both him and the company . Prabhat was absolutely stunned . It was a mixed feeling of shock and thrill . He was uncomfortable and perspiring . If accepted , all his problems would vanish instantly and he may be rewarded for securing the much awaited tender and thereby boosting company’s sales and financial health . He was in a fix as to the future course of action . He was wonder – struck at the guts of Subhash Verma in having surreptitiously removing his own company papers and offering to the rival company for a job . Being an experienced person , he was examining the pros and cons of the proposal / situation and he asked him to come the next day . (a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case . (b) Critically examin the options available to Prabhat in the above situation. (c) Which of the above would be the most appropriate for Prabhat and why?

Qn8 Ramesh is State Civil Services Officer who got the opportunity of getting posted to the capital of a border State after rendering 20 years of service . Ramesh’s mother has recently been detected cancer and has been admitted in the leading cancer hospital of the city . His two adolescent children have also got admission in one of the best public schools of the town . After settling down in his appointment as Director in the Home Department of the State , Ramesh got confidential report through intelligence sources that illegal migrants are infiltrating in the State from the neighbouring country . He decided to personally carry out surprise check of the border posts along with his Home Department team . To his surprise , he caught red – handed two families of 12 members infiltrated with the connivance of the security personnel at the border posts . On further inquiry and investigation , it was found that after the migrants from neighbouring country infiltrate , their documentation like Aadhaar Card , Ration Card and Voter Card are also forged and they are made to settle down in a particular area of the State . Ramesh prepared the detailed and comprehensive report and submitted to the Additional Secretary of the State . However , he has summoned by the Additional Home Secretary after a week and was instructed to withdraw the report . The Additional Home Secretary informed Ramesh that the report submitted by him has not been appreciated by the higher authorities . He further cautioned him that if he fails to withdraw the confidential report , he will not only be posted out from the prestigious appointment from the State capital but his further promotion which is due in near future will also get in jeopardy . (a) What are the options available to Ramesh as the Director of the Home Department of the bordering State ? (b) What option should Ramesh adopt and why ? (c) Critically evaluate each of the options . (d) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Ramesh ? (e) What policy measures would you suggest to combat the menace of infiltration of illegal migrants from the neighbouring country ?

Qn9 The Supreme Court has banned mining in the Aravalli Hills to stop degradation of the forest cover and to maintain ecological balance . However , the stone mining was still prevalent in the border district of the affected State with connivance of certain corrupt forest officials and politicians . Young and dynamic SP who was recently posted in the affected district promised to himself to stop this menace . In one of his surprise checks with his team , he found loaded truck with stone trying to escape the mining area . He tried to stop the truck but the truck driver overrun the police officer , killing him on the spot and thereafter managed to flee . Police filed FIR but no breakthrough was achieved in the case for almost three months . Ashok who was the Investigative Journalist working with leading TV channel , suo moto started investigating the case . Within one month , Ashok got breakthrough by interacting with local people , stone mining mafia and government officials , He prepared his investigative story and presented to the CMD of the TV channel . He exposed in his investigative report the complete nexus of stone mafia working with blessing of corrupt police and civil officials and politicians . The politician who was involved in the mafia was no one else but local MLA who was considered to be very close to the Chief Minister . After going through the investigative report , the CMD advised Ashok to drop the idea of making the story public through electronic media . He informed that the local MLA was not only the relative of the owner of the TV channel but also had unofficially 20 percent share in the channel . The CMD further informed Ashok that his further promotion and hike in pay will be taken care of in addition the soft loan of 10 lakhs which he has taken from the TV channel for his son’s chronic disease will be suitably adjusted if he hands over the investigative report to him . (a) What are the options available with Ashok to cope up with the situation ? (b) Critically evaluate / examine each of the options identified by Ashok . (c) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Ashok ? (d) Which of the options , do you think , would be the most appropriate for Ashok to adopt and why ? (e) In the above scenario , what type of training would you suggest for police officers posted to such districts where stone mining illegal activities are rampant ?

Qn10  You have done MBA from a reputed institution three years back but could not get campus placement due to COVID – 19 generated recession . However , after a lot of persuasion and series of competitive tests including written and interview , you managed to get a job in a leading shoe company You have aged parents who are dependent and staying with you . You also recently got married after getting this decent job . You were allotted the Inspection Section which is responsible for clearing the final product . In first one year , you learnt your job well and was appreciated for your performance by the management . The company is doing good business for last five years in domestic market and this year it is decided even to export to Europe and Gulf countries . However , one large consignment to Europe was rejected by their Inspecting Team due to certain poor quality and was sent back . The top management ordered that ibid consignment to be cleared for the domestic market . As a part of Inspecting Team , you observed the glaring poor quality and brought to the knowledge of the Team Commander . However , the top management advised all the members of the team to overlook these defects as the management cannot bear such a huge loss . Rest of the team members except you promptly signed and cleared the consignment for domestic market , overlooking glaring defects . You again brought to the knowledge of the Team Commander that such consignment , if cleared even for domestic market , will tarnish the image and feputation of the company and will be counter – productive in the long run . However , you were further.advised by the top management that if you do not clear the consignment , the company will not hesitate to terminate your services citing certain innocuous reasons.

GS4 Question Paper Analysis

GS Paper 4 deals with  Ethics, Integrity, and Aptitude . This is a dynamic paper – with multiple dimensions.

The paper really checked the quick-decision making skills and overall aptitude of the candidate for the job of a future civil servant.

Regarding case studies, most were connected to an ethical angle. However, it was not easy to satisfactorily answer case studies within the time constraints.

Important Take-Aways from the GS Paper 4 UPSC 2022 (Mains) – Question Paper

This paper stressed the importance of conceptual understanding in certain crucial areas like Ethics, Values, Aptitude etc.

Questions based on quotes were asked. Many questions focused on seeking examples from candidates – rather than theory. Examples will be game-changer. Topics like good governance, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Whistleblowing, Rule of law were asked.

We recommend all aspirants go through the  ClearIAS online notes on Ethics, Integrity, and Aptitude .

Read the  UPSC syllabus and previous year’s question papers multiple times. Prepare self-notes on every keyword (Eg: Crisis of conscience – which got repeated again).

There are no major surprises this year for those candidates who had carefully analysed the  previous year’s UPSC question papers . This year’s paper followed more or less the previous year’s trends.

The Ethics paper should be taken seriously to score high. It needs a different kind of preparation. Along with conceptual knowledge, the  right practice and time managment  are also crucial for success.

What do you think of this year’s General Studies Paper 4 questions? What are your comments about this paper?

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UPSC CSE MAINS 2022 ESSAY PAPER ANALYSIS

Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) on September 16 conducted the first paper of CSE Mains 2022 that is the Essay Paper.

Essay Paper UPSC 2022 Instructions

• Total Marks: 250 marks, Time duration: 3 hours.
• The essay must be written in the medium authorized in the admission certificate which must be stated clearly on the cover of this question-cum-answer (QCA) booklet in the space provided.
• No marks will be given for answers written in the medium other than the authorized one.
• Word limit, as specified, should be adhered to.
• Any page or portion of the page left blank, must be struck off clearly.

Write two essays, choosing one topic from each of the following Sections A and B, in about 1000-1200 words each:

• Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence.
• Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world.
• History is a series of victories won by the scientific man over the romantic man.
• A ship in the harbour is safe but that is not what a ship is for.
• The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining.
• You cannot step twice in the same river.
• Smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities.
• Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right.

UPSC CSE Main 2022 essay paper analysis

• There has been a trend of increased number of philosophical essays in the past couple of years however this time around the benchmark was higher than the previous few years. However, considering the philosophical base of the questions, most candidates found the questions tricky. It was not easy to write 1000 words on each topic within the time constraints.
• UPSC has ensured that the essay topics were much different from the GS questions.
• Rather than asking candidates to write on topics that most candidates are familiar with or have practiced with, UPSC now assesses candidates' essay writing skills by providing them with abstract or philosophical topics.
• This year most of the themes were either proverbs or famous quotes.
• All 8 topics this year will test applicants' spontaneous thinking, understanding, writing and time management.
• Topics required broad interpretation
• Themes asked:
• Poetic language as a tool to re-institute order in human society. 
• Getting out of one’s comfort zone 
• Do the right things at the right time
•  You won’t get the exact time/experience twice.
• Importance of smile
• Theme related to choices and decision making

It is necessary to know that why essay paper is required in a competitive exam?

UPSC notification says that “candidates may be required to write essays on multiple topics. They will be expected to keep closely to the subject of the essay, to arrange their ideas in an orderly fashion, and to write concisely. Credit will be given for effective and exact expression.”

What can one make out from this? The following quote of Abraham Lincoln very aptly answers the question…..

‘Writing’ (essay) of the aspirant works as a window, for the highly experienced examiner, to the thought process of the candidate. Examiner will not only evaluate the content of the aspirant but also his thought process, viewpoints on critical matters, clarity in thinking, ability to explain his view point concisely and effectively, ability of coherence and putting his ideas in an orderly fashion, language. In a nutshell, it acts as a mean to bring out the traits of a potential civil servant and to evaluate if he is fit to be one.

Having discussed about the importance of the paper, it is essential to clear the misconceptions associated with essay paper before moving to how to prepare for it.

• There is no preparation required for essay paper-GS and optional knowledge will suffice.

Truth. This is wrong way of thinking. In GS marks will be awarded just for content. But in essay, examiner will pay attention to more than content as explained above.

• One needs to be champion in English-use technical jargons, vocabulary.

Truth. It is worth noting that in UPSC CSE, the simpler the language the better it is. There is no need of flowery jargons and expressions. 

•   There is no difference between language paper essay and ‘Essay’ paper.

Truth. This is highly misconceived notion on the part of aspirants to treat the essay paper just like essays asked in the language papers. The importance of both is vastly different. One is aimed to judge the language of the aspirant whereas the other is aimed to bring out the true traits of a potential Civil Servant. 

• Essay paper can’t be prepared so easily.

Truth. This is again a misconception. There have been candidates who have drastically increased their marks from scores like 100-110 to 150-160 with proper strategy and preparation. It is worth noting that essay paper requires relatively lesser effort to improve as compared to GS papers. The rate of investment is quite high.

From where to prepare for the essay paper?

• GS and optional preparation will give content.
• Reading non-fiction: will help to develop thinking process.
• Anecdotes, stories, quotes, facts and figures: A separate notebook should be kept for the same.
• Referring to magazines: Yojana, Kurukshetra, EPW, Economic Survey, DowntoEarth.
• Newspaper editorials, relevant lines said by eminent/constitutional posts like President, PM etc.
• Essay transcripts of previous year toppers.

How to prepare for the essay?

• Firstly read the transcripts of previous year toppers to get a feel of what comprises a well-written essay. 
• A separate notebook for essay should be prepared where fodder collected from the above mentioned sources should be written in point format. 
• An aspirant should prepare material on all the general topics that have been asked in the exam previously. This should include quotations, facts/ figures, anecdotes, sayings, case studies, government schemes.
• Give stress to the thoughts of philosophers like Immanuel Kant, Thomas Aquinas, John Locke, Friedrich Niche, Karl Marx etc. Start writing essays on famous quotes.
• Whenever aspirant takes a particular topic, he should to try to think of all the possible themes/ dimensions of it. For eg: Consider the topic “With great power, comes great responsibility”. Aspirant can think of the topic from SPECLIH perspective- Social, Political, Economic, Cultural, Legal, International and Humanistic. This is one way of covering multiple dimensions.
• Read different kinds of essays – particularly philosophical essays. Give stress to the thoughts of philosophers like Immanuel Kant, Thomas Aquinas, John Locke, Friedrich Niche, Karl Marx etc. 
• Next step is to write essays. Pick up the previous year papers and practice them at home in exam conditions. Self-evaluate and get a feedback from mentors, peers and teachers.

How to approach an essay? 

• Aspirant should have clear cut plan ready for attempting the essay paper. It should be clear in his mind before entering the examination hall how he is going to manage the time. The answers to following questions should be ready beforehand. 
• How much time will be devoted in choosing the topic?
• How much time will be devoted in interpreting the topic?
• How much time will be devoted in making a rough skeleton of the essay?
• How much time will be devoted in attempting the essay?
• How much time will be devoted in revising and underlining the keywords?
• Aspirant should always keep a buffer of 10 minutes in order to meet any exigency.

Eg: Topic Selection: 5 minutes, Brainstorming: 10-15 minutes, writing: 1 hour, revision: 5 minutes.

• First thing is choosing the right topic from each section. This will depend upon the aspirant’s holistic understanding of the topic. Do not get swayed by the fact that since it is an easy topic I won’t choose it. I will choose unconventional topic just to impress the examiner. This is wrong way of thinking.
• Next thing is to interpret the topic. One should understand the theme of the topic. THE MOST IMPORTANT THING ABOUT ESSAY WRITING IS PROPER UNDERSTANDING OF THE TOPIC AND “WRITING ON THAT TOPIC”. DOING THIS MUCH ENSURES THAT ONE WILL NOT GET BELOW ANERAGE MARKS.
• Brainstorm and prepare skeleton of the topic:
• Every essay should have an introduction, body and conclusion.
• Introduction: can be a fictitious story, real life anecdote, quote, a paragraph on what all is going be covered in the essay.
• Themes/ dimensions to be covered eg: SPECLIH, temporal, sectoral, walks of life, problem and solution format.
• Quotes, sayings, anecdotes, facts/ figures.
• Conclusion: it should always be on a futuristic and optimistic note. Summarize the essay in 4 to 5 lines and then write the vision for future. Some saying, quote, lines of eminent personalities can be used.
• Structuring of the essay:
• Language should  be  simple and clear
• Keep the sentences short and powerful
• An occasional use of powerful word or jargon can give the essay an edge
• Proper subheadings
• Transition smoothly from one para to the next through a link sentence/ through a question

What to avoid in the essay?

• Aspirant should never give one-sided arguments or viewpoints which are against constitutional spirit.
• Never focus excessively on only one dimension or theme.
• Always write what is asked not what one knows.
• Do not give disproportionate amount of time to one essay avoiding the other one.
• Avoid criticizing the government, its policies and schemes.
• Avoid being seen as a person belonging to a particular ideology.
• Avoid writing in bullets, making diagrams, figures, charts. Essay should always be in continuous para format.

It is often seen that aspirants do not give the necessary attention to the essay paper. They spend months preparing for the optional and the GS papers but hardly give dedicated time to essay paper. This leads them to score poorly in the exam and they fail to get the edge which they could have easily achieved with a proper strategy and preparation for the essay paper. If one compares GS papers score with that of essay one can find out that it is difficult to achieve a score of 120-125 marks in the former whereas aspirants touch 150 and even 160 in the essay paper which gives them an edge of almost 30 marks. CSE topper 2017 scored just 100 marks in the essay paper of CSE 2015 whereas after making the necessary effort and rectifying his mistakes he was able to score 155 in CSE 2017.

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[UPSC Mains 2022] ESSAY PAPER- UPSC CIVIL SERVICES MAINS EXAM (CSE) 2022

• September 16, 2022

Important Updates , UPSC MAINS 2022 QUESTION PAPERS

1) Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence.

2) Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world.

3) History is a series of victorious won by the scientific man over the romantic man.

4) A ship in harbor is safe, but that is not what a ship is for.

1) The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining.

2) You cannot step twice in the same river.

3) A smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities.

4) Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right.

UPSC Mains 2022 Essay Paper Discussion – By Sunil Oberoi Sir Retd. IAS

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(Download) UPSC IAS Mains Essay Exam Question Paper - 2022

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(Download) UPSC Mains 2022 Question Paper: Essay Compulsory

• Marks : 250 (125x2)
• Duration: 3 hours
• Exam Date:  16-09-2022
• Year : 2022
• Exam Date : 

Write Two Essays, choosing One from each of the Sections A and B, in about 1000-1200 words each.

Section-a (125 marks) - choose any one essay, q-1.forests are the best case studies for economic excellence., q-2.poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world., q-3.history is a series of victories won by the scientific man over the romantic man., q-4.a ship in harbour is safe, but that is not what ship is for., download upsc mains essay (compulsory) papers pdf, section-b (125 marks)- choose any one essay, q-1.the time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining., q-2.you cannot step twice in the same river., q-3.a smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities., q-4.just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right., click here to download full papers pdf, (e-book) upsc mains essay (compulsory) papers ( 2000-2020 ) pdf, download upsc mains gs 10 year papers pdf, download upsc pre gs 10 year papers pdf, download upsc mains gs solved papers pdf, printed study material for ias mains general studies, printed study material for ias mains essay, << go back to main page.

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UPSC Essay Topics From PYQs (2013-2022)

Check out our collection of Essay Topics taken straight from UPSC’s Previous Year Questions! Simple to understand and perfect for your preparation. We recommend aspirants study and analyze them thoroughly.

Table of Content

• UPSC CSE – 2022 (Essay Paper)
• UPSC CSE – 2021 ( Essay Paper )
• UPSC CSE – 2020 ( Essay Paper )
• UPSC CSE – 2019 ( Essay Paper )
• UPSC CSE – 2018 ( Essay Paper )
• UPSC CSE – 2017 ( Essay Paper )
• UPSC CSE – 2016 ( Essay Paper )
• UPSC CSE – 2015 ( Essay Paper )
• UPSC CSE – 2014 ( Essay Paper )
• UPSC CSE – 2013 ( Essay Paper )

Importance of Previous Year’s Question- PYQs in UPSC :

Previous year’s question papers are very important for UPSC exam preparation. They provide valuable insights into the exam pattern, the types of questions asked the difficulty level, and the topics that are frequently covered in the exam. By analyzing the further given UPSC Essay previous year’s question papers, aspirants can understand the nature and scope of the UPSC exam, identify the important topics, and prepare accordingly

UPSC’S Last 10 Years (2013-2022) Questions Compilation :

UPSC CSE – 2022 (Essay Paper PYQs)

Marking Scheme: Need to Choose One Essay from Each Section – 125 Marks Each- Total Time is 3 Hours

• Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence
• Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world
• History is a series of victories won by the scientific man over the romantic man
• A ship in the harbor is safe, but that is not what a ship is for
• The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining
• You cannot step twice in the same river
• A smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities
• Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right

UPSC CSE – 2021 (Essay Paper PYQs)

Marking Scheme: Chose One Essay from Each Section – 125 Marks – 3 Hours

• The process of self-discovery has now been technologically outsourced.
• Your perception of me is a reflection of you; my reaction to you is an awareness of me.
• The philosophy of wantlessness is Utopian, while materialism is a chimera.
• The real is rational and the rational is real.
• The hand that rocks the cradle rules the world.
• What is research, but a blind date with knowledge!
• History repeats itself, first as a tragedy, second as a farce.
• There are better practices to ‘best practices’.

UPSC CSE – 2020 (Essay Paper PYQs)

• Life is a long journey between human being and being humane.
• Mindful manifesto is the catalyst to a tranquil self.
• Ships do not sink because of water around them, ships sink because of water that gets into them.
• Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication.
• Culture is what we are, civilization is what we have.
• There can be no social justice without economic prosperity but economic prosperity without social justice is meaningless.
• Patriarchy is the least noticed yet the most significant structure of social inequality.
• Technology as the silent factor in international relations.

UPSC CSE – 2019 (Essay Paper PYQs)

• Wisdom finds truth.
• Values are not what humanity is, but what humanity ought to be
• Best for an individual is not necessarily best for the society
• Courage to accept and dedication to improve are two keys to success
• South Asian societies are woven not around the state but around their plural cultures and plural identities.
• Neglect of primary health care and education in India are reasons for its backwardness.
• Biased media is a real threat to Indian democracy.
• Rise of Artificial Intelligence: the threat of a jobless future or better job opportunities through reskilling and upskilling.

UPSC CSE – 2018 (Essay Paper PYQs)

• Alternative technologies for a climate change resilient India.
• A good life is one inspired by love and guided by knowledge.
• Poverty anywhere is a threat to prosperity everywhere
• Management of Indian border disputes—a complex task
• Customary morality cannot be a guide to modern life
• ‘The past’ is permanent dimension of human consciousness and values.
• A people that values its privileges above its principles loses both
• Reality does not conform to the idea, but confirms it.

UPSC CSE – 2017 (Essay Paper PYQs)

• Farming has lost the ability to be a source of subsistence for majority of farmers in India.
• Impact of the new economic measures on fiscal ties between the union and states in India.
• Destiny of a nation is shaped in its classrooms.
• Has the Non-Alignment Movement (NAM) lost its relevance in a multipolar world?
• Joy is the simplest form of gratitude.
• Fulfilment of ‘new woman’ in India is myth.
• We may brave human laws but cannot resist natural laws.
• ‘Social media’ is inherently a selfish medium.

UPSC CSE – 2016 (Essay Paper PYQs)

• If development is not engendered, it is endangered.
• Need brings greed, if greed increases it spoils breed.
• Water disputes between States in federal India.
• Innovation is the key determinant of economic growth and social welfare.
• Cooperative federalism: Myth or reality
• Cyberspace and Internet: Blessing or curse to the human civilization in the long run.
• Near jobless growth in India: An anomaly or an outcome of economic reforms
• Digital economy: A leveller or a source of economic inequality.

UPSC CSE – 2015 (Essay Paper PYQs)

• Lending hands to someone is better than giving a dole.
• Quick but steady wins the race.
• Character of an institution is reflected in its leader.
• Education without values, as useful as it is, seems rather to make a man more clever devil.
• Technology cannot replace manpower.
• Crisis faced in India— moral or economic.
• Dreams which should not let India sleep.
• Can capitalism bring inclusive growth?

UPSC CSE – 2014 (Essay Paper PYQs)

• With greater power comes greater responsibility.
• Is the growing level of competition good for the youth?
• Are the standardized tests good measure of academic ability or progress?
• Words are sharper than the two-edged sword.
• Was it the policy paralysis or the paralysis of implementation which slowed the growth of our country?
• Is sting operation an invasion on privacy?
• Fifty Golds in Olympics: Can this be a reality for India?
• Tourism: Can this be the next big thing for India?

UPSC CSE – 2013 (Essay Paper PYQs)

Marking Scheme: Chose Only One Essay – 250 Marks – 3 Hours

• Be the change you want to see in others — Gandhiji.
• Is the Colonial mentality hindering India’s success?
• GDP (Gross Domestic Product) along with GDH (Gross Domestic Happiness) would be the right indices for judging the well-being of a country.
• Science and Technology is the panacea for the growth and security of the nation

Studying the previous year’s question papers helps aspirants to get familiar with the types of questions asked in the exam and the expected answers. This, in turn, helps them to develop their time-management skills, improve their speed and accuracy, and enhance their overall performance in the exam.

Moreover, analysing the previous year’s question papers also helps aspirants to identify their weaknesses and strengths. They can evaluate their performance in each section and topic and work on improving their weaker areas. This can help them to focus on the important topics and boost their confidence for the exam.

In summary, previous year’s question papers are an essential tool for UPSC exam preparation, and aspirants should make it a priority to study and analyse them thoroughly.

All the best!!!!!!!!!!!!

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Frequenly Asked Questions – FAQs

How can i write a good essay for upsc.

Some steps involved in best UPSC Essay writing are 1. Understand the topic 2. Plan and Organize your thoughts and ideas 3. Write a strong introduction 4. Write arguments and counterarguments 5. Use transitions 6. Strong conclusion.

Which types of Essays are asked in UPSC CSE?

Generally, Four types of essays that are asked in the UPSC CSE Examination are, 1. Narrative 2. Descriptive 3. Informative 4. Persuasive.

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Lukmaan IAS

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"THE 400 DREAMS" (ALL INDIA SCHOLARSHIP TEST)

Courses test series, our selections, essay question paper: upsc cse mains 2022.

• Compiled by Lukmaan IAS
• September 16, 2022
• Essay Paper Analysis , UPSC Essay Paper-2022 , UPSC Paper Analysis , UPSC PAPER-2022

Table of Contents

• 1. Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence
• 2. Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world
• 3. History is a series of victories won by the scientific man over the romantic man
• 4. A ship in harbour is safe, but that is not what ship is for
• 5. The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining
• 6. You cannot step twice in the same river
• 7. A smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities
• 8. Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right

SOCIOLOGY OPTIONAL QUESTION PAPER : UPSC CSE Mains-2022

Public admin. (paper-ii) question paper : upsc cse mains-2022, public admin. (paper-i) question paper : upsc cse mains-2022, gs paper-4 upsc cse mains-2022.

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How to Prepare UPSC Prelims in 1 Year – UPSC Prelims 2025 – Edukemy

Preparing for the UPSC Prelims in one year might seem daunting, but with the right strategy, resources, and dedication, it’s entirely possible. This guide provides a step-by-step approach to help you effectively prepare for the UPSC Prelims 2025. Whether you’re just starting out or looking to refine your strategy, this blog will provide you with practical tips and insights.

Table of Contents

Understanding UPSC Prelims

The UPSC Civil Services Examination is one of the most prestigious exams in India, comprising three stages: Prelims, Mains, and Interview. The Prelims is the first stage and consists of two papers:

• General Studies Paper-I : This paper covers subjects like History, Geography, Polity, Economy, Environment, Science and Technology, and Current Affairs.
• General Studies Paper-II (CSAT) : This paper tests comprehension, logical reasoning, analytical ability, and basic numeracy. It is qualifying in nature, meaning you just need to score above a certain threshold to pass.

Month-by-Month Preparation Plan

Months 1-3: laying the foundation, 1. understand the syllabus and exam pattern.

• Read the Syllabus : Familiarize yourself with the entire syllabus for both General Studies Paper-I and Paper-II. Knowing what to study is crucial.
• Analyze Previous Year Papers : Review the past 5-10 years’ question papers to understand the types of questions asked and the exam pattern.

2. Gather Resources

• NCERT Books : Start with NCERT books (Class 6-12) for fundamental concepts in History, Geography, Polity, Economy, and Science.
• Standard Reference Books : Identify and acquire standard books like Laxmikant for Polity, Spectrum for Modern History, and Ramesh Singh for Economy.

3. Create a Study Schedule

• Daily Routine : Allocate 6-8 hours daily for studies. Include short breaks and relaxation time.
• Subject-Wise Plan : Dedicate specific days for each subject. For example, study History on Mondays and Thursdays, Polity on Tuesdays and Fridays, etc.

Months 4-6: Strengthening Concepts

1. in-depth study.

• Read Standard Books : Thoroughly read the standard reference books. Make detailed notes of important points.
• Current Affairs : Start reading a daily newspaper (like The Hindu or Indian Express) and monthly magazines (like Yojana and Kurukshetra). Make notes on important events and issues.

2. Revision and Practice

• Weekly Revision : Set aside a day each week for revising what you’ve studied so far.
• Practice MCQs : Start solving multiple-choice questions (MCQs) from sources like UPSC guidebooks and online test series.

Months 7-9: Intensive Preparation

1. mock tests and time management.

• Take Mock Tests : Enroll in a good test series and start taking full-length mock tests. Analyze your performance and identify weak areas.
• Time Management : Practice completing tests within the stipulated time to improve speed and accuracy.

2. Advanced Study and Notes Making

• Detailed Notes : Make concise notes for each subject. These will be invaluable for last-minute revision.
• Optional Subject (If Any) : If you’re also preparing for an optional subject for Mains, start integrating it into your schedule.

Months 10-12: Final Preparation and Revision

1. focused revision.

• Revise Regularly : Revise all subjects multiple times. Focus on weak areas but don’t neglect strong ones.
• Short Notes : Use short notes and flashcards for quick revision.

2. CSAT Preparation

• Practice CSAT : Dedicate time to practice CSAT papers. Focus on areas like comprehension, logical reasoning, and basic numeracy.

3. Stay Updated

• Current Affairs Revision : Revise current affairs of the past year. Use monthly compilations from reliable sources.

Detailed Subject-Wise Strategy

1. ancient and medieval history.

• NCERT Books : Start with NCERT books for a strong foundation.
• Reference Books : Use R.S. Sharma for Ancient History and Satish Chandra for Medieval History.
• Focus Areas : Key events, dynasties, cultural developments, and important personalities.

2. Modern History

• NCERT and Spectrum : Read NCERT for basics and Spectrum’s “A Brief History of Modern India” for detailed study.
• Freedom Struggle : Focus on the freedom struggle, important movements, leaders, and events.

1. Physical Geography

• NCERT Books : Start with NCERT books for basic concepts.
• GC Leong : Read GC Leong’s “Certificate Physical and Human Geography” for detailed understanding.
• Maps and Diagrams : Practice map-based questions and diagrams.

2. Indian Geography

• NCERT and Reference Books : Use NCERT and Majid Husain’s “Indian Geography”.
• Focus Areas : Physical features, climate, agriculture, resources, and population.

1. Indian Constitution and Governance

• Laxmikant : Read M. Laxmikant’s “Indian Polity” thoroughly.
• Current Affairs : Keep up with current developments in Indian polity and governance.

1. Basic Concepts

• Ramesh Singh : Read Ramesh Singh’s “Indian Economy” for detailed understanding.
• Current Affairs : Stay updated with current economic issues and policies.

Environment and Ecology

• NCERT Books : Read NCERT books and Shankar IAS’s “Environment”.
• Current Affairs : Keep track of current environmental issues and policies.

Science and Technology

• NCERT Books : Read NCERT books for basic understanding.
• Current Affairs : Focus on recent developments and innovations in science and technology.

Additional Tips and Strategies

1. stay consistent and motivated.

• Consistency is Key : Stick to your study schedule diligently. Regular study is more effective than sporadic, intense sessions.
• Stay Motivated : Keep reminding yourself of your goals and why you started this journey.

2. Join a Study Group or Coaching

• Study Groups : Join a study group to discuss topics and share knowledge. It can provide different perspectives and enhance understanding.
• Coaching Classes : If needed, join a reputed coaching institute for guidance and structured preparation.

3. Health and Well-being

• Balanced Diet : Maintain a healthy diet to keep your mind and body fit.
• Regular Exercise : Incorporate some form of physical activity to stay energetic and reduce stress.
• Adequate Sleep : Ensure you get 7-8 hours of sleep daily to keep your mind fresh.

4. Adapt and Adjust

• Flexible Planning : Be ready to adapt your study plan based on your progress and needs. Sometimes, you may need to focus more on a particular subject.
• Seek Help : Don’t hesitate to seek help from mentors, teachers, or peers if you’re stuck on a topic.

5. Stay Positive and Confident

• Positive Mindset : Believe in yourself and your preparation. Stay positive even during tough times.
• Confidence : Confidence plays a crucial role during exams. Trust your preparation and stay calm.

Preparing for the UPSC Prelims in one year requires a well-structured plan, dedication, and consistent effort. By following this comprehensive guide, you can effectively navigate your preparation journey. Remember, it’s not just about hard work but also smart work. Stay focused, stay positive, and give your best. Good luck with your UPSC Prelims 2025 preparation!

Q: What is the first step to start preparing for UPSC Prelims in one year?

Answer : The first step is to thoroughly understand the UPSC Prelims syllabus and exam pattern. Go through the syllabus for both General Studies Paper-I and Paper-II (CSAT). Analyze previous years’ question papers to get an idea of the types of questions asked and the topics that are frequently covered.

Q: How should I divide my time between different subjects during my preparation?

Answer : Create a balanced study schedule that allocates specific days or weeks to different subjects. For instance, you could study History on Mondays and Thursdays, Polity on Tuesdays and Fridays, and so on. Ensure you dedicate time to each subject, including current affairs, every week. Regular revision is crucial, so set aside a day each week for revising what you’ve studied.

Q: What resources are essential for UPSC Prelims preparation?

Answer : Start with NCERT books (Class 6-12) for fundamental concepts in History, Geography, Polity, Economy, and Science. For advanced preparation, use standard reference books such as:

• “Indian Polity” by M. Laxmikant for Polity
• “A Brief History of Modern India” by Spectrum for Modern History
• “Indian Economy” by Ramesh Singh for Economy
• “Certificate Physical and Human Geography” by GC Leong for Geography Additionally, regularly read a daily newspaper like The Hindu or Indian Express and monthly magazines like Yojana and Kurukshetra for current affairs.

Q: How important are mock tests in the preparation process?

Answer : Mock tests are extremely important for UPSC Prelims preparation. They help you get familiar with the exam pattern, manage your time effectively, and identify your strengths and weaknesses. Enroll in a good test series and start taking full-length mock tests a few months before the exam. After each test, analyze your performance thoroughly and work on areas where you are lagging.

Q: How can I keep myself motivated and consistent throughout the year-long preparation?

Answer : Staying motivated and consistent is key to success in UPSC Prelims. Set small, achievable goals and reward yourself when you reach them. Surround yourself with positive and supportive peers or join a study group for mutual motivation. Keep reminding yourself of your ultimate goal and why you started this journey. Take regular breaks to avoid burnout, maintain a healthy lifestyle with proper diet and exercise, and ensure you get enough sleep. Staying organized and following a well-structured plan will help keep you on track.

To get free counseling/support on UPSC preparation from expert mentors please call 9773890604

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UPSC EDITORIAL ANALYSIS : A tool to ensure complete voter anonymity

Source: The Hindu

Prelims: Current events of national importance(ECI, CEC, Article 324, Totaliser etc)

Mains GS Paper II: Appointments to various constitutional posts, powers functions and responsibilities of various constitutional bodies etc

ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS

• The Supreme Court: In any election, be it to Parliament or State legislature, the maintenance of secrecy of voting is “a must”.

INSIGHTS ON THE ISSUE

Election Commission of India(ECI):

• The Election Commission of India is an autonomous constitutional authority responsible for administering Union and State election processes in India.
• Rajya Sabha
• State Legislative Assemblies in India
• Offices of the President and Vice President in the country.
• Part XV of the constitution deals with elections, and establishes a commission for these matters.
• Article 324 to 329: deals with powers, function, tenure, eligibility, etc of the commission and the members.
• The commission: It consists of one Chief Election Commissioner and two Election Commissioners.
• The President appoints Chief Election Commissioner and Election Commissioners.
• Tenure: They have a fixed tenure of six years, or up to the age of 65 years, whichever is earlier.
• Status : They enjoy the same status and receive salary and perks as available to Judges of the Supreme Court of India.
• The Chief Election Commissioner can be removed from office only through a process of removal similar to that of a Supreme Court judge by Parliament.
• All three members have equal voting rights and all decisions in the commission are taken by the majority,

Article 324:

• The Superintendence, direction and control of elections to be vested in an Election Commission .

Functions of EC:

The ECI’s proposal for voter secrecy:

●      impartial election : voter is able to cast his vote without the fear of retribution or feeling induced by the promise of a reward., ●      voter secrecy is embedded in rule 56 of the conduct of election rules, 1961., ○      the returning officers c an “reject a ballot paper if it bears any mark or writing by which the elector can be identified”., ○      while counting, ballot papers of different ballot boxes were mixed to avoid group targeting of voters based on the voting trends in a particular area., ○      electronic voting machines (evms), this ‘mixing’ cannot be done., totaliser :, ●      the totaliser is a mechanism which allows votes from 14 booths to be counted together so that voters are saved from pre-poll intimidation and post-poll harassment., ○      the votes cast via evms are counted on an individual booth basis., ●      it is a technique to mask booth-level voting patterns as a solution to the problem of post-election harassment of voters., ●      it was examined and evolved by the authorized evm manufacturers in consultation with the technical experts committee of the election commission of india (eci), ○      demonstrated in 2008 b efore political parties who had “no objection” to the use of totaliser., ●      in march 2009, it was used on a trial basis in bye-elections t o the legislative assembly of meghalaya and uttar pradesh..

Madras High Court order(2011):

• Directed the government to consider the ECI’s recommendation of amending the relevant Rules for introducing the totaliser

Yogesh Gupta v. EC(2014):

• To preserve the right of privacy in voting: booth-wise declaration of results provided a “tool in the hands of the political parties to intimidate the voters”.
• Court: Whether the EC could issue instructions for the use of totaliser under existing Rules.
• The EC: amendment of Rules was necessary.

Way Forward

• The Law Commission of India report 255th: It endorsed the EC’s proposal to introduce totaliser in counting of votes.
• Yogesh Gupta matter(2016): The government stated that the use of totaliser served no larger public interest.
• The EC: using totalisers for counting of votes was “absolutely necessary” for protecting the interests of the voters.
• In 2016, the government referred the matter to a group of ministers : Booth-wise voting patterns would have a beneficial effect in increasing development activities.

QUESTION FOR PRACTICE

• Discuss the role of the Election Commission of India in the light of the evolution of the Model Code of Conduct.(UPSC 2022)

(200 WORDS, 10 MARKS)

Editorial Analysis – 2 July 2024 [PDF ]

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UPSC Key | Semiconductor, Hooch tragedy, NHRC and more

Exclusive for subscribers daily: how are the semiconductor and nhrc relevant to the upsc exam what significance do topics like hooch tragedy and southwest monsoon have for the preliminary and main exams you can learn more by reading the indian express upsc key for june 30, 2024..

🚨  Attention: UPSC Key is now all  7 Days  a Week! 🚨

Important topics and their relevance in  UPSC CSE  exam for June 30th, 2024. If you missed the June 29th, 2024 UPSC CSE exam key from the Indian Express, read it here. 

🚨  The Indian Express   UPSC Essentials  brings to you the  June  edition of its monthly magazine.  Click Here  to read. Share your views and suggestions in the comment box or at manas.srivastava@ indianexpress.com 🚨

The chip superstardom: Taiwan’s triumphs and the perils that come with it

UPSC Syllabus:

Preliminary Examination: Economy

Mains Examination: GS-III: Economy

What’s the ongoing story-  The silicon semiconductor chip, which sits at the heart of every new technology, is a device that Taiwan has an absolute mastery over. Its biggest manufacturer, the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC), is the ninth-most valuable business in the world and has a virtual stranglehold over the fabrication of high-end chips that even major American tech majors such as Intel , Nvidia or Apple depend on.

Prerequisites:  

— What are semiconductors?

— What is the significance of the semiconductor?

— Why Taiwan is important for India?

Key takeaways: 

— It is precisely this aspect of Taiwan’s chip superstardom that makes the country almost irreplaceable – and, thereby, particularly vulnerable. China, which is already being cut off progressively from the most advanced chips, is threatening to take control of the island, triggering concerns over yet another flashpoint in a world where two wars are already raging.

— There is a paradox here too. While the semiconductor industry has been called Taiwan’s “silicon shield”, giving the world a big reason to defend the island if China were to invade, parts of the shield are now moving abroad.

— To meet the pressure to be physically closer to its customers, TSMC is now building new fabs in the US, Japan and Germany. 

— The chip giant’s move to diversify its production beyond Taiwan has triggered fresh concern among a section of the locals, who worry that the move could eventually diminish the island’s importance as a global semiconductor powerhouse.

For Your Information:  

— As the Union Cabinet approved a slew of semiconductor-related projects totalling investments of about Rs 1.26 lakh crore, the real breakthrough was the Tata Group’s semiconductor fabrication plant in partnership with Taiwan’s PSMC due to its strategic importance.

— While still a blueprint, this marks a big leap for India’s semiconductor ambitions — an area where successive governments have tried, and failed, to get global companies to set up shop in the country. This could also be significant given that about 70% of the current global manufacturing capacity is confined to South Korea, Taiwan and China, with the US and Japan making up for much of the rest, according to data from California-based semiconductor lobby organisation SEMI.

Points to Ponder: 

— What are the issues concerning domestic manufacturing of semiconductors?

— What is the India Semiconductor Mission (ISM)?

— India’s agreement with other countries (USA, Taiwan, EU) on cooperation in the semiconductor ecosystem.

( Thought process: Highlight the significance of indiginisation of the semiconductor ecosystem–connect it with economy-import bills-India’s mission to atmanirbhar Bharat–look at the semiconductor materials imported from other countries–look at government schemes and various agreements signed by the government).

Post Read Question:

Why India is aiming to become self-sufficient in chip manufacturing? Highlight the government initiatives to strengthen India’s semiconductor ecosystem.

Other Important Articles Covering the same topic:

How India’s first semiconductor fabrication plant can help plug in to global value chain

Growth in private corporate sector sales moderates to 4.7% in FY24: RBI 

Mains Examination: GS-III: Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilisation, of resources, growth, development and employment. 

What’s the ongoing story- During the fiscal ended March 31, 2024, the listed private non-financial companies recorded double digit growth in profits and improved margins at the aggregated level, the (RBI) data showed.

— Read about the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).

— What are the different types of sectors in an economy?

— What are non-financial companies?

— “Annual sales growth of listed private non-financial companies moderated to 4.7 per cent during 2023-24 from the high of 19.8 per cent in 2022-23, which included the post-pandemic recovery period,” the data on performance of private corporate business sector during 2023-24 showed. The analysis is based on the financial results of 3,281 listed non-government non-financial companies.

— Among major sectors, sales of manufacturing, information technology (IT) and non-IT services companies rose by 3.5 per cent, 5.5 per cent and 7.9 per cent, respectively, during fiscal 2024 as compared with 18 per cent, 19.4 per cent and 33.5 per cent, respectively, in the previous year.

— In 2023-24, sales of automobiles, electrical machinery and pharmaceuticals industries remained buoyant but the manufacturing sector’s overall performance was mainly dragged by chemicals and petroleum industries.

Points to Ponder

— What can the private sector do to boost India’s economic growth? 

— What challenges does the Indian economy face? 

— What initiatives has the government taken to promote growth in different sectors of the economy?

Define potential GDP and explain its determinants. What are the factors that have been inhibiting India from realizing its potential GDP? (UPSC CSE 2020)

India’s GDP growth is impressive, but can it be sustained?

Express Network

Five army men swept away as tank gets stuck in ladakh river .

Preliminary Examination: Geography

Mains Examination: GS-I, III: Geography, Security

What’s the ongoing story- Five army personnel died early Saturday morning while de-inducting or withdrawing from a military training activity that involved crossing the Shyok River at the Daulat Beg Oldie (DBO) area of eastern Ladakh, the Indian Army said.

— What are semi-amphibious vehicles?

— What is fording?

— What is the Border Roads Organisation (BRO)?

— Map work: Shyok River, Daulat Beg Oldie (DBO) area, Sasoma, Saser La, Gapshan, Pangong Tso , and Gogra-Hot Springs area.

— A troop of Russian-origin T-72 tanks was engaged in fording activity as part of the exercise, Army sources said. The training area is ahead of the river, and fording training is carried out while crossing the river on tanks. 

— Fording is a manoeuvre used by tanks or other semi-amphibious vehicles to cross water obstacles which are usually several metres deep. At times, the platform traversing the depth gets fully submerged in water.

— A rescue squad, comprising nine combat engineers attempted a mission in a BAUT (boat assault universal type), a type of military boat, but the operation failed due to strong river currents, the officials said.

— In the area where the training was on, the Border Roads Organisation (BRO) has been constructing an alternate road to DBO—connecting Sasoma, Saser La and Gapshan. The existing 255-km long Durbuk-Shyok-DBO road running along the LAC is currently the only full operational road to reach DBO.

— Since the Galwan Valley clashes in 2020, there has been an increased armoured deployment in strategic DBO area of eastern Ladakh. DBO lies less than 10 km west of the Line of Actual Control (LAC) at Aksai Chin. A military outpost was created in DBO in reaction to China’s occupation of Aksai Chin and is at present manned by a combination of Army’s Ladakh Scouts and the ITBP.

— The DSDBO highway provides the Indian military access to the section of theTibet-Xinjaing highway that passes through Aksai Chin. The road runs almost parallel to the LAC at Aksai Chin, the eastern ear of erstwhile Jammu and Kashmir state that China occupied in the 1950s, leading to the 1962 war in which India came off worse.

— What is the strategic significance of the Durbuk-Shyok-DBO road?

— What are the security concerns for India in this area?

— What are the steps taken by India to counter those concerns?

Siachen Glacier is situated to the (UPSC 2020)

(a) East of Aksai Chin

(b) East of Leh

(c) North of Gilgit

(d) North of Nubra Valley

Analyse internal security threats and transborder crimes along Myanmar, Bangladesh and Pakistan borders including Line of Control (LoC). Also discuss the role played by various security forces in this regard. (UPSC CSE 2020)

Explained: The strategic road to DBO

After hooch deaths, TN govt amends Act: Up to life term for bootleggers 

Preliminary Examination: Current events of national and international importance

Mains Examination: GS-II, III: Issues related to Health, Science and Technology

What’s the ongoing story- Days after the Kallakurichi hooch tragedy in the state that claimed over 60 lives, the Tamil Nadu government on Saturday amended a prohibition act to substantially enhance the punishment, which included life imprisonment for bootleggers in case of fatalities following consumption of spurious liquor.

— What is hooch?

— What caused the death of people in Kallakurichi?

— What is the Tamil Nadu Prohibition Act, 1937?

— The state amended the Tamil Nadu Prohibition Act, 1937 to enhance the punishment term and quantum of fine for offences like manufacture, possession and selling of illicit liquor that endangers lives.

— The Tamil Nadu Prohibition (Amendment) Act, 2024, which shall come into force on such date as notified by the government, aims to completely eradicate the menace of illicit liquor from the state. 

— The amendment substantially enhances the term of imprisonment and quantum of fine for various offences under sections 4,5,6,7 and 11 of the Act.

— Accordingly, a maximum punishment of 10 years Rigorous Imprisonment (RI) and a penalty of up to `5 lakh has been proposed in the amendment.

— In case of death due to consumption of illicit liquor, then the punishment for bootleggers will be RI for life with a fine not less than `10 lakh, it said.

— Hooch is a commonly used term for poor quality alcohol, derived from Hoochinoo, a native Alaskan tribe that was known to produce very strong liquor. Unlike branded liquor which is produced in factories with sophisticated equipment and rigorous quality control, hooch is made in much more crude settings.

— There is an inherent risk associated with the crude methods of hooch production. The fermented mixture which is distilled contains more than just consumable alcohol (ethanol). It also contains methanol, an industrial alcohol that is highly toxic for human beings.

— Why do certain states choose to ban the consumption of alcohol?

— How to regulate the hooch production?

— What are the necessary steps that need to be taken by the government to avoid tragedies like Kallakurichi?

Consider the following statements:

1. Methanol has a boiling point of 64.7 °C which is lower than that of ethanol 78.37 °C.

2. The consumption of Methanol can cause impaired vision, high toxicity, and metabolic acidosis.

Which of the following statements is correct?

(c) Both 1 and 2

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Tamil Nadu hooch tragedy: Why spurious liquor can be deadly

Downpour in north, IMD warns of heavy rain for next 5 days

Preliminary Examination: Indian and World Geography, Current events

Mains Examination: GS-I, GS-III: Geography and Disaster Management.

What’s the ongoing story- Torrential rains lashed several parts of north India on Saturday with the IMD predicting heavy to very heavy rain over the next four to five days.

— What is the southwest monsoon?

— Read about the India Meteorological Department (IMD)

— Read about the Colour-Coded Warnings by the IMD.

— For the next seven days, Delhi will experience moderate to heavy rain, and an ‘orange alert’ has been issued for the next three days, the IMD said.

— In Himachal Pradesh, an ‘orange’ alert was issued for heavy downpour and thunderstorms in the state from June 30 to July 2, the meteorological centre here said.

— What are the mechanism and characteristics of the Indian monsoon?

— What are the major weather forecasting methods?

— What is urban flooding? What are its implications? 

Why is the South-West Monsoon called ‘Purvaiya’ (easterly) in has this directional seasonal wind system influenced the region? (UPSC CSE 2023)

Discuss the meaning of colour-coded weather warnings for cyclone prone areas given by India Meteorological Department. (UPSC CSE 2022)

Where is the monsoon?

The City Page 

Nhrc seeks report after 3 die at gr noida sewage treatment plant.

Preliminary Examination: Indian Polity

Mains Examination: GS-II: Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies, Government policies and interventions.

What’s the ongoing story- The National Human Rights Commission on Friday issued a notice to the Uttar Pradesh Chief Secretary and the Director General of Police, seeking a detailed report within a week on the death of the three maintenance workers inside a sewage treatment plant (STP) in Greater Noida.

— Read about manual scavenging and the Prohibition of Employment of Manual Scavengers Act, 2013.

— What is the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC)?

( Thought Process: When was it established, is it a statutory body or constitutional? What is the composition of NHRC?)

— What are the functions and powers of NHRC?

— The notice was issued after three maintenance workers died by drowning after falling into a septic tank of the STP at the multinational company NIIT Coforge on Monday.

— The commission in its notice said that the incident raises serious concerns on human rights violation and that the authorities have failed to be alert and conduct proper supervision on such hazardous activities.

— The NHRC of India was established on October 12, 1993, under the Protection of Human Rights Act (PHRA), 1993, which was later amended by the Protection of Human Rights (Amendment) Act, 2006.

— The NHRC is a multi-member body comprising a chairperson and five members.

— What are the reasons behind the prevalence of manual scavenging in India?

— What initiatives has the government taken to eradicate manual scavenging?

— What steps should be taken to eliminate the menace of manual scavenging?

— What are the structural and practical limitations of the NHRC in redressing the complaints of human rights violations?

— What steps need to be taken to strengthen the NHRC?

‘Rashtriya Garima Abhiyaan’ is a national campaign to (UPSC CSE 2016)

(a) rehabilitate the homeless and destitute persons and provide them with suitable sources of livelihood

(b) release the sex workers from their practice and provide them with alternative sources of livelihood

(c) eradicate the practice of manual scavenging and rehabilitate the manual scavengers

(d) release the bonded labourers from their bondage and rehabilitate them

Though the Human Rights Commissions have contributed immensely to the protection of human rights in India, yet they have failed to assert themselves against the mighty and powerful. Analysing theirstructural and practical limitations, suggest remedial measures. (UPSC CSE 2021)

Institutional mechanism in India to address rights violations, says NHRC chief

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• 04 Oct 2022

Q1. Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence

Q2.  Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world

Q3. History is a series of victories won by the scientific man over the romantic man

Q4. A ship in harbour is safe, but that is not what ship is for

Q1. The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining

Q2. You cannot step twice in the same river

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