cosmetic surgery should not be banned essay

Is it time to ban cosmetic surgery?

• Show more sharing options
• Copy Link URL Copied!

The faulty breast implants made by the French company Poly Implants Protheses, or PIP, have grabbed headlines around the world in recent weeks, and it’s no wonder. The prostheses are more prone to rupture than other models, and they contain an industrial grade of silicone never intended for use in a medical device. The scandal is also global in scope. Sold in 65 countries, the implants were re-branded by a Dutch company registered in Cyprus, offered on credit in Venezuela and smuggled into Bolivia, where they were bought by medical tourists.

There has been a surprising lack of agreement about the safety of the implants. In France, women were advised to have them removed — at public expense. But British health officials blandly stated there was a “lack of evidence” linking PIP implants to cancer.

That some 300,000 women around the world received the implants seems at first glance to be a spectacular example of medical malfeasance and regulatory ineptitude. But the scandal also raises a more basic question: Are the risks of any aesthetic surgery acceptable?

Calculating health risks is especially difficult with aesthetic procedures. With most surgeries, the risks are weighed against expected health improvements. But aesthetic procedures, by definition, do not improve health. For this reason, 19th century plastic surgeons limited themselves to reconstructive procedures in a bid for medical acceptance. Today, cosmetic plastic surgeries outnumber reconstructive ones in many countries. Yet the same ethical concerns that early plastic surgeons had with performing aesthetic procedures have never been resolved.

Some patients may overlook the risks of aesthetic surgery because it is performed by doctors. The ritual elements of medicine — the white coats, the bedside manner — powerfully symbolize health. The fact that a surgeon is putting in implants sends a subtle message that they are safe. What healer would do something to harm us?

One response to the PIP scandal would be a ban on doctors performing cosmetic breast augmentation altogether. It’s well known that breast implants of many types can cause burning pain, loss of sensation, hardening of breast tissue and serious infection. One woman who suffered complications from implants has filed a petition with the Scottish government urging adoption of such a ban. An argument could even be made that aesthetic surgery violates the Hippocratic oath because it carries a potential for harm without curing or preventing disease.

But banning cosmetic surgeries would be difficult to enforce internationally. More than half a million U.S. residents went abroad last year for medical care, and elective treatments such as cosmetic surgery are the most popular treatments. Though the PIP implants were not authorized for use in the United States, they were sold to American medical tourists in countries such as Brazil.

More important, aesthetic surgeries and procedures have become an established part of medical practice. They are no longer just the domain of plastic surgeons and dermatologists but are increasingly performed by GPs, OB-GYNs, endocrinologists and other medical specialists, a trend known as “practice drift.” And the sheer availability of a procedure can make it appear necessary. Cosmetic dentistry is so common it is not always thought of as “cosmetic” — and woe to the American parent who begrudges it to a child.

Some plastic surgeries similarly lie in a gray zone between necessity and medical enhancement. For example, breast reduction is seen by many in the United States as medically justifiable. But in Brazil the operation often has mainly a cosmetic aim (small breasts are an erotic ideal, while larger breasts are seen as matronly). Reconstructive surgeries such as breast implants following a mastectomy also concern aesthetics. As with cosmetic augmentation, the goal is not to improve function but appearance. Of course, breast cancer patients are usually seen as medically entitled to implants, which, not surprisingly, are often available for free.

Still, classifying breast implants as reconstructive does not mean they are less risky. At least a fifth of the French women with PIP implants received them after mastectomies. Calculating risks with any form of plastic surgery is difficult because it depends on weighing potential harm to the body against improvements to intangible qualities such as sexual and psychological well-being.

Perhaps the latest implant scandal is just a misstep on the path to greater safety in aesthetic surgeries. In 2006, the FDA ended a 14-year moratorium on silicone implants with the approval of two new models. Shortly after, breast augmentation became the most commonly performed cosmetic surgery in the U.S.

But while medical advances can result in safer cosmetic procedures, they can also contribute to their normalization. Yesterday’s vanity is often today’s health, or at least well-being. As beauty becomes a more visible part of medicine, health risks may become less visible. And that is a big risk.

Alexander Edmonds is an assistant professor of anthropology at the University of Amsterdam and the author of “Pretty Modern: Beauty, Sex and Plastic Surgery in Brazil.”

More to Read

Beverly Hills doctor behind penile implant is going on medical board probation

June 10, 2024

Health officials warn Californians of risks of fake Botox. Here’s what to look for

May 9, 2024

Vatican denounces gender-affirming surgery, surrogacy and gender theory as violations of human dignity

April 8, 2024

A cure for the common opinion

Get thought-provoking perspectives with our weekly newsletter.

You may occasionally receive promotional content from the Los Angeles Times.

More From the Los Angeles Times

Editorial: Climate change is making more California homes dangerously hot. It’s time state laws caught up

June 20, 2024

Calmes: Can the kowtowing to Trump get any worse?

Letters to the Editor

Letters to the Editor: Pesticides aren’t the only problem with marijuana. Pot is bad for you

With fires burning again, is California becoming uninsurable?

An official website of the United States government

The .gov means it’s official. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

The site is secure. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

• Publications
• Account settings

Preview improvements coming to the PMC website in October 2024. Learn More or Try it out now .

• Advanced Search
• Journal List
• J Cutan Aesthet Surg
• v.8(1); Jan-Mar 2015

Most Popular

10 days ago

Aithor Review

Now everyone can be a mathematician with the new apple math notes app, how to write a dissertation proposal, how to write a book title in an essay, elon musk criticizes apple’s ai approach and threatens device ban, against plastic surgery essay sample, example.

The foremost reason for not getting plastic surgery is that this procedure can become highly addictive (Huffington Post). Although a person might think they would do a single improvement, the temptation to keep “adjusting” one’s appearance can become overwhelming and lead to unpredictable and often sad results. The best examples of this are women like Cindy Jackson (who got 55 plastic surgeries, which is a world record), or Jocelyn Wildenstein, who is rumored to have spent about 4 million dollars on plastic surgeries. The “before and after” photos of her can be found online easily, so you can make your conclusions looking at the results of the numerous plastic surgeries she has undergone. Janice Dickinson, Michael Jackson, Courtney Love, and other famous personalities who had undergone plastic surgeries can also be good examples of why this kind of surgery should be abstained from.

Plastic surgery does not solve the main problem of the person who decides to undergo it, which is being discontent with his or her appearance. Such a person should rather focus on solving his or her inner problems, and should pay more attention to what is going on within themselves rather than on the surface of their bodies (MindBodyGreen). In the case of an aging person, it might be the fear of death or the feeling that they do not have a youthful appearance anymore that causes them to change their appearance. If a person is obese, they should consider changing their diet and lifestyle rather than doing a liposuction. There is also a serious psychological disorder called dysmorphophobia—the major symptom is being severely unsatisfied with one’s appearance, body parts, or body as a whole. Anyways, visiting a psychologist or a psychotherapist could be more useful and satisfying than having your face redesigned.

It is important to remember that plastic surgery is something that remains with you forever (dbreath.com). You cannot return to your natural look if you feel discontent with the surgery. You will have to do another surgery to look similar to your original self, or try to improve on your previous plastic surgery. Moreover, if you try to keep up with fashion trends, you will lose the race, because trends change, and your appearance remains. What is natural is almost always better than the artificial, and deep inside you will know that the way you used to look before the surgery was better. However, it is necessary to distinguish between cosmetic and reconstructive surgery. In case of accidents, when a person’s appearance is ruined, reconstructive surgery is indeed necessary and helpful.

Plastic surgery in its cosmetic aspect should be abstained from. Changing and improving one’s appearance can become addictive, so a person might feel a constant desire to undergo surgeries; also, this desire is usually caused by issues with well-being, which a psychologist could help out with better than a surgeon. You cannot undo plastic surgery, so once you undergo it, you will have to live with it forever. Be yourself, and see the beauty you hold naturally.

Shah, Yagana. “4 Good Reasons to Never Get Plastic Surgery.” The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 07 Aug. 2014. Web. 14 Oct. 2014.

“Why You Should Say NO to Plastic Surgery & Botox.” MindBodyGreen. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2014.

“The Top 5 Reasons You Should NOT Have Plastic Surgery.” The Top 5 Reasons You Should NOT Have Plastic Surgery. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2014.

Follow us on Reddit for more insights and updates.

Comments (0)

Welcome to A*Help comments!

We’re all about debate and discussion at A*Help.

We value the diverse opinions of users, so you may find points of view that you don’t agree with. And that’s cool. However, there are certain things we’re not OK with: attempts to manipulate our data in any way, for example, or the posting of discriminative, offensive, hateful, or disparaging material.

Comments are closed.

More from Best Persuasive Essay Examples

May 28 2023

How does outdoor exercises impact our health and well-being? Essay Sample, Example

Should Screen Time Be Limited? Essay Sample, Example

Why Video Games are Good for the Brain. Essay Sample, Example

Remember Me

What is your profession ? Student Teacher Writer Other

Forgotten Password?

Username or Email

• Type 2 Diabetes
• Heart Disease
• Digestive Health
• Multiple Sclerosis
• Diet & Nutrition
• Supplements
• Health Insurance
• Public Health
• Patient Rights
• Caregivers & Loved Ones
• End of Life Concerns
• Health News
• Thyroid Test Analyzer
• Doctor Discussion Guides
• Hemoglobin A1c Test Analyzer
• Lipid Test Analyzer
• Complete Blood Count (CBC) Analyzer
• What to Buy
• Editorial Process
• Meet Our Medical Expert Board

The Risks & Rewards of Plastic Surgery

The decision to undergo plastic surgery should not be made lightly

Weighing Risks and Rewards

Frequently asked questions.

Plastic surgery is a range of procedures that reshapes or restores the form of the body. Although the term is usually associated with cosmetic procedures, it actually includes a broad range of practical operations, including reconstructive surgery, craniofacial surgery, burn treatment, and more.

Whatever the motivation, the decision to undergo surgery should never be made lightly—the risks and rewards should always be considered. This article will review the potential benefits and drawbacks to having plastic surgery.

Risks of Plastic Surgery

No surgery is without risk, and the risks that could occur with plastic surgery can affect both mental and physical health.

Mental Health

The potential adverse psychological and social effects of plastic surgery have a lot to do with a patient’s expectations and their mental and emotional state before surgery.

Have Realistic Expectations

While plastic surgery can bring positive outcomes, it will not change your life, the problems you have, or issues in your relationships. It is also important to understand that there is no such thing as physical perfection.

For some people, plastic surgery is an opportunity to fix a perceived flaw that has troubled them for years.

However, people who strongly perceive imperfections within themselves may suffer from body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). This psychological disorder is characterized by an obsessive fixation on a perceived physical flaw. It affects between 1.7% and 2.4% of the general population.

In many cases, people with BDD will seek out multiple plastic surgery procedures and are usually unhappy with the results. Sometimes plastic surgeons will not operate on people with BDD.

If you feel very strong negative emotions toward your physical appearance, it's strongly advised you consult a healthcare provider or mental health professional about body dysmorphic disorder before pursuing surgery.

Physical Health

As with any surgery, plastic surgery carries risks. Surgery does have the potential to cause some unwanted physical side effects. While the worst outcomes are rare, they are a possibility.

While each type of surgery bears its risks that are specific to that particular procedure, certain risks are common to all surgical procedures. These risks include:

• Excessive or unexpected bleeding (hemorrhage or hematoma)
• Blood clots
• Seroma (fluid accumulation)
• Nerve or organ damage
• Anesthesia risks (including shock, respiratory failure, drug or allergic reactions, cardiac arrest, coma, death )

Benefits of Plastic Surgery

It's important to remember that there can be good things that happen from plastic surgery as well, both mentally and physically.

Improved Self Esteem and Confidence

For many patients, successful plastic surgery can lead to an increase in self-esteem and confidence.

Correcting a "problem" perceived by the patient can make them less self-conscious, and relieve social anxiety. It may make them more outgoing, less vulnerable, and more willing to show off their new, flattering features. This new confidence might show itself in many aspects of life—socially, professionally, and romantically.

In addition, some studies have shown that physical attractiveness correlates with professional success, such as hiring decisions, promotions, and salary. Some studies have shown that attractive people receive favorable treatment in restaurants and retail establishments.

When you feel comfortable and confident in your skin, you will put forth these positive emotions in everything you do.

Improved Quality of Life

In some cases, plastic surgery can boost a person's quality of life. For instance, an eyelid lift may help reduce vision problems by removing excess skin, and breast-reduction surgery can relieve chronic back and shoulder pain.

The potential rewards of plastic surgery are highly individual. Many plastic surgery patients say their only regret is that they didn’t do it sooner.

Yet, there are also many who wish they had never done it at all, or who at least wish they had done more research or chosen a different surgeon. You can lower your risk by doing your homework and becoming an informed patient.

Do not let price be the determining factor in choosing a surgeon. Check credentials and references, ask lots of questions, and be on the lookout for red flags.

Be sure that you go into surgery in the best health possible by taking care of yourself, and don’t let your desire for the surgery overshadow any serious health considerations.

While the risks of plastic surgery do vary from one procedure to another, certain risks are common among all surgeries, and some of the risks are grave. Only you can decide if it’s worth it for you. Educate yourself. Take into account all the pros and cons. Talk it over with your loved ones.

If you decide to go for it, choose the best surgeon you can find. Follow their preoperative and postoperative instructions to the letter. Then enjoy your new look!

Plastic surgery comprises many different surgeries and procedures, with the goal of changing parts of the body, for either medical necessity or cosmetic reasons. There can be risks and benefits, both mentally and physically, for someone who is deciding to have plastic surgery.

A Word From Verywell

Choosing the surgeon who will perform your surgery is probably the most important step you'll take in having plastic surgery. You have to be confident in their skills and knowledge. Research surgeons who are skilled in the type of surgery you will be having. The American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS) advises looking for a plastic surgeon who's board-certified.

Generally, no. If surgery is successful and there are no complications, then your life span will not be shorter than it would have been had you not had plastic surgery. However, if you experience a life-threatening complication, that may have an impact.

There certainly can be feelings of disappointment, sadness, anger, or depression if surgical outcomes are not what were expected, or if major complications occur due to the surgery.

Bjornsson AS, Didie ER, Phillips KA. Body dysmorphic disorder . Dialogues Clin Neurosci . 2010;12(2):221-232. doi:10.31887/DCNS.2010.12.2/abjornsson

Office on Women's Health. Body dysmorphic disorder .

American Society of Plastic Surgeons. Body dysmorphic disorder may be under-diagnosed in patients seeking cosmetic procedures .

Khunger N. Complications in cosmetic surgery: a time to reflect and review and not sweep them under the carpet .  J Cutan Aesthet Surg . 2015;8(4):189-190. doi:10.4103/0974-2077.172188

Cavico FJ, Muffler SC, Mujtaba BG. Appearance discrimination, lookism and lookphobia in the workplace . JABR . 2012;28(5):791-802. doi:10.19030/jabr.v28i5.7223

Muñoz-Reyes JA, Iglesias-Julios M, Pita M, Turiegano E. Facial features: what women perceive as attractive and what men consider attractive . PLoS ONE . 2015;10(7):e0132979. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0132979

Bai J, Rosen CM, Ngaage LM, et al. Longevity of outcomes following reduction mammoplasty . Eplasty . 2019;19:e18.

By Julie Scott, MSN, ANP-BC, AOCNP Scott is an Adult Nurse Practitioner and freelance health writer with experience in oncology and hematology.

Thinking about cosmetic surgery? New standards will force providers to tell you the risks, and if you’re suitable

People considering cosmetic surgery – such as a breast augmentation, liposuction, or facelift – should have extra protection following the recent release of new safety and quality standards for providers, from small day-clinics through to larger medical organisations.

The new standards cover issues including how these surgeries are advertised, psychological assessments before surgery, the need for people to be informed of risks associated with the procedure, and the type of care people can expect during and afterwards. The idea is for uniform standards across Australia.

The rules governing cosmetic surgery are being tightened. Standards have been reviewed after it was revealed some doctors, without specialist qualifications, were operating in private clinics with hygiene and safety breaches. https://t.co/TWh1KQh9q4 #7NEWS pic.twitter.com/9IkXuw5BKp — 7NEWS Sydney (@7NewsSydney) December 14, 2023

The move is part of sweeping reforms of the cosmetic surgery industry and the regulation of medical practitioners , including who’s allowed to call themselves a surgeon .

It’s heartening to see these reforms, but some may say they should have come much sooner for what’s considered a highly unregulated area of medicine.

Read more: Thinking about cosmetic surgery? At last, some clarity on who can call themselves a surgeon

Why do people want cosmetic surgery?

Australians spent an estimated $473 million on cosmetic surgery procedures in 2023.

The major reason people want cosmetic surgery relates to concerns about their body image. Comments from their partners, friends or family about their appearance is another reason.

The way cosmetic surgery is portrayed on social media is also a factor. It’s often portrayed as an “easy” and “accessible” fix for concerns about someone’s appearance. So such aesthetic procedures have become far more normalised.

The use of “before” and “after” images online is also a powerful influence. Some people may think their appearance is worse than the “before” photo, and so they think cosmetic intervention is even more necessary .

Read more: What do normal labia look like? Sometimes doctors are the wrong people to ask

People don’t always get the results they expect

Most people are satisfied with their surgical outcomes and feel better about the body part that was previously concerning them.

However, people have often paid a sizeable sum of money for these surgeries, and sometimes experienced considerable pain as they recover. So a positive evaluation may be needed to justify these experiences.

People who are likely to be unhappy with their results are those with unrealistic expectations for the outcomes, including the recovery period. This can occur if people aren’t provided with sufficient information throughout the surgical process, but particularly before making their final decision to proceed.

Read more: Thinking of getting a minor cosmetic procedure like botox or fillers? Here’s what to consider first

What’s changing?

According to the new standards , services need to ensure their own advertising is not misleading, doesn’t create unreasonable expectations of benefits, doesn’t use patient testimonials, and doesn’t offer any gifts or inducements.

For some clinics, this will mean very little change, as they weren’t using these approaches anyway, but for others this may mean quite a shift in their advertising strategy.

It will likely be a major challenge for clinics to monitor all of their patient communication to ensure they adhere to the standards.

It’s also not quite clear how the advertising standards will be monitored, given the expanse of the internet.

Read more: Googling for a new dentist or therapist? Here’s how to look past the glowing testimonials

What about the mental health assessment?

The new standards say clinics must have processes to ensure the assessment of a patient’s general health, including psychological health, and that information from a patient’s referring doctor be used “where available”.

According to the guidelines from the Medical Board of Australia, which the standards are said to complement, all patients must have a referral, “preferably from their usual general practitioner, or if that is not possible, from another general practitioner or other specialist medical practitioner”.

While this is a step in the right direction, we may be relying on medical professionals who may not specialise in assessing body image concerns and related mental health conditions. They may also have had very little prior contact with the patient to make their clinical impressions.

So these doctors need further training to ensure they can perform assessments efficiently and effectively. People considering surgery may also not be forthcoming with these practitioners, and may view them as “gatekeepers” to surgery they really want to have.

Ideally, mental health assessments should be performed by health professionals who are extensively trained in the area. They also know what other areas should be explored with the patient, such as the potential impact of trauma on body image concerns.

Of course, there are not enough mental health professionals, particularly psychologists, to conduct these assessments, so there’s no easy solution.

Ultimately, this area of health would likely benefit from a standard multidisciplinary approach where all health professionals involved (such as the cosmetic surgeon, general practitioner, dermatologist, psychologist) work together with the patient to come up with a plan to best address their bodily concerns.

In this way, patients would likely not view any of the health professionals as “gatekeepers”, but rather members of their treating team.

Read more: What’s the connection between cosmetic procedures and mental health?

If you’re considering cosmetic surgery

The Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care, which developed the new standards, recommended taking these four steps if you’re considering cosmetic surgery:

Have an independent physical and mental health assessment before you commit to cosmetic surgery

Make an informed decision knowing the risks

Choose your practitioner, knowing their training and qualifications

Discuss your care after your operation, and where you can go for support.

My ultimate hope is people safely receive the care to help them best overcome their bodily concerns, whether it be medical, psychological or a combination.

This article originally appeared on The Conversation .

• Cosmetic surgery
• Private hospitals
• Body dysmorphic disorder
• Body dissatisfaction
• Patient safety
• Quality health care
• Body dysmorphia

Gemma Sharp

NHMRC Emerging Leadership Investigator Fellow, Senior Clinical Psychologist, Monash University

Body of evidence: The dangers of following extreme Hollywood health routines

There’s a lot we don't see when Hollywood actors undertake dramatic body transformations, and many risks involved, including potentially long-term physical and mental health consequences.

What’s the connection between cosmetic procedures and mental health?

Research has confirmed higher rates of body dysmorphic disorder among people seeking cosmetic procedures, but we don’t know as much about other mental health issues.

Let's talk about the vulva

To have a chance of making a positive impact on how adult women feel about their genital appearance, we have to reach them as adolescents.

You may republish this article online or in print under our Creative Commons licence. You may not edit or shorten the text, you must attribute the article to Monash Lens, and you must include the author’s name in your republication.

If you have any questions, please email [email protected]

Republishing Guidelines

https://lens.monash.edu/republishing-guidelines

• - Google Chrome

Intended for healthcare professionals

• My email alerts
• BMA member login
• Username * Password * Forgot your log in details? Need to activate BMA Member Log In Log in via OpenAthens Log in via your institution

Search form

• Advanced search
• Search responses
• Search blogs
• News & Views
• Should all advertising...

Should all advertising of cosmetic surgery be banned? Yes

• Related content
• Peer review
• Fazel Fatah , consultant plastic surgeon
• 1 Westbourne Centre, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 3SJ
• ffatah{at}aol.com

After the recent breast implant debacle, the Department of Health is reviewing cosmetic procedures in the UK, including advertising to the public. Fazel Fatah says advertising preys on patients’ vulnerability and should be banned, but Sally Taber thinks regulation can give sufficient protection

Advertising prescription drugs to the public is banned in the United Kingdom, but advertising is allowed to promote invasive surgical procedures that may not be clinically necessary and pose risks of harm and complications. Arguably, the criteria for operating on patients who are not physically ill or deformed should be more stringent than those for curing illness or correcting deformities. A minimum requirement should be a complete ban on encouraging and recruiting people to undergo such treatments—and advertising for cosmetic surgery does just that.

The World Health Organization’s definition of health, “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity,” has been argued about by many, but it emphasises the mental wellbeing of the individual. 1 2 3 4 Cosmetic surgery is practised to try to improve this aspect of health: it treats symptoms of self consciousness, a state of mind when a self perceived abnormality of body image affects the …

Log in using your username and password

BMA Member Log In

If you have a subscription to The BMJ, log in:

• Need to activate
• Log in via institution
• Log in via OpenAthens

Log in through your institution

Subscribe from £184 *.

Subscribe and get access to all BMJ articles, and much more.

* For online subscription

Access this article for 1 day for: £33 / $40 / €36 ( excludes VAT )

You can download a PDF version for your personal record.

Buy this article

Should voluntary plastic surgery be banned?

Richardshu 1 / 1   May 7, 2013   #1 Should voluntary plastic surgery be banned? Plastic surgery is a medical specialty concerned with correction and restoration of form and function. Although cosmetic surgery is the most famous plastic surgery, most plastic surgeries are not cosmetic surgeries. It also includes reconstructive surgery for example, reconstruction for cleft lip, traumatic injury and burn injury etc. If someone had congenital defects or was injured heavily especially on face and limbs, plastic surgery is necessary to restore the function and appearance. Cosmetic surgery is a special kind of plastic surgery. The heart person of love of beauty all has it. Some people with the intention of maintaining normal appearance, restoring it and even enhancing it will risk going under the knife. Nowadays more and more normal person accept cosmetic surgery voluntarily toward aesthetic ideal. Surgery of double eyelid, tummy tuck, liposuction, boob job, nose lift are popular. And even some person will accept surgery of changing the shape of face, length of leg by operation on the bones. Most of them can achieve the satisfaction, delight and regain their self confidence from the operation changing the appearance. Therefore cosmetic surgery is not only medical techniques toward physical problem but also for psychological problem. Make beauty to cure soul is familiar slogan in advertisement of cosmetic surgery hospitals. Though cosmetic surgery gives another way to help people to get rid of self-contempt, it might cause cosmetic surgery obsession. Some person are preoccupied with what they regard as defects in their faces and bodies. And most of them are probably unsatisfied with the result of the surgery. They go under the knife time after time until doctor dare not to perform. They suffer from psychological disorder which cosmetic surgery can not cure or even will make it worse. Plastic surgery is one of the techniques we have in modern society. Like many others, the pros and cons of it depends on how we use it.

OP Richardshu 1 / 1   May 9, 2013   #4 RedFire, Thank you very much.