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PhD in India 2024 – Cost, Duration, and Eligibility for Admission

Complete guide to phd in india: duration, costs, eligibility, and recent updates 2024.

Embarking on a PhD journey in India is a significant academic and professional pursuit. Aspiring research scholars often have questions regarding the duration of a PhD, the associated costs, eligibility criteria, and recent developments in the field. In this comprehensive guide, ilovephd aims to address these queries and shed light on the essentials of pursuing a PhD in India.

How many years is a PhD in India?

A PhD program in India typically takes around 3 to 5 years to complete, depending on various factors such as the discipline, research area, individual progress, and university regulations.

The duration may vary, but it is important to be prepared for a substantial commitment of time and effort.

How much does a PhD cost in India?

The cost of pursuing a PhD in India varies across institutions. Generally, public universities offer PhD programs with minimal or subsidized tuition fees. Private universities may have higher fees.

It’s advisable to explore funding options such as scholarships, fellowships, or research grants provided by government bodies, funding agencies , or individual institutions to support your PhD journey.

What qualifications are required for a PhD in India?

To pursue a PhD in India, a candidate typically needs a postgraduate degree (Master’s or equivalent) in a relevant field. It is important to note that specific eligibility criteria may vary between universities and disciplines.

Additionally, universities often require candidates to clear entrance exams or interviews and meet minimum academic standards to be considered for admission.

What is the age limit for a PhD in India? Is 25 too old to start a PhD?

In most cases, there is no strict age limit for pursuing a PhD in India. As long as you meet the eligibility criteria and demonstrate the necessary academic qualifications, you can pursue a PhD at any age.

Therefore, 25 is certainly not too old to start a PhD Many scholars begin their doctoral studies later in life, bringing valuable experiences and perspectives to their research.

Can I do a Ph.D. without the National Eligibility Test (NET)?

While the National Eligibility Test (NET) is a common requirement for lectureships and research fellowships in India , it is not mandatory for all PhD programs. Some universities may have their own entrance exams or selection processes.

It is important to check the specific requirements of the university or institution where you plan to pursue your PhD

Who is eligible for direct PhD admission?

Direct Ph.D. admission is a pathway for exceptional candidates who have completed their undergraduate studies and wish to pursue a PhD without a Master’s degree.

However, this option is typically available to a limited number of candidates, and universities may have specific criteria and guidelines for direct PhD admissions. It is advisable to consult with individual institutions to understand their policies regarding direct Ph.D. admissions.

Is it okay to do a PhD without a Master’s degree?

While a Master’s degree is generally the standard qualification for pursuing a PhD, some universities in India offer integrated PhD programs that allow students to directly enter the Ph.D. track after completing their undergraduate studies.

However, this option may be limited to certain disciplines or institutions. It’s important to research and identify institutions that offer such programs if you wish to pursue a PhD without a Master’s degree.

What are the recent rules for PhD admissions in India?

The rules and regulations for Ph.D. admissions in India are subject to change and can vary between universities and disciplines.

It is advisable to stay updated with the guidelines provided by individual universities and regulatory bodies such as the University Grants Commission (UGC) or the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) to ensure compliance with the latest requirements.

25 Tips to Join PhD in India

25 tips to help you join a PhD program in India:

• Research your field of interest thoroughly to identify potential research areas and topics.
• Explore various universities and research institutes in India that offer PhD programs in your chosen field.
• Check the eligibility criteria and admission requirements of each institution you are interested in.
• Take note of application deadlines and ensure you submit your application well in advance.
• Prepare a strong statement of purpose (SOP) that highlights your research interests, goals, and why you are interested in pursuing a Ph.D.
• Contact potential supervisors or faculty members whose research aligns with your interests to discuss your research proposal.
• Prepare for entrance exams that may be required for admission, such as the UGC-NET, GATE, or university-specific entrance exams.
• Enhance your academic profile by participating in research projects, publishing papers, or presenting at conferences.
• Build a strong recommendation letter portfolio by reaching out to professors or mentors who can attest to your academic abilities and research potential.
• Seek out scholarships, fellowships, or research grants offered by government bodies, universities, or funding agencies to fund your Ph.D.
• Familiarize yourself with the research facilities, laboratories, and resources available at the institutions you are considering.
• Attend research seminars, workshops, and conferences related to your field to stay updated with the latest developments and network with researchers.
• Develop good communication and writing skills, as they are essential for presenting research findings and publishing papers.
• Create a well-structured and feasible research proposal that clearly outlines your research objectives, methodology, and expected outcomes.
• Be prepared for interviews or presentations as part of the selection process, where you may need to defend your research proposal or discuss your academic background.
• Gain teaching experience by assisting professors or taking up teaching assignments to enhance your profile for future academic positions.
• Connect with current Ph.D. students or alumni of the institutions you are interested in to gain insights into the program and research environment.
• Stay updated with any changes in the rules, regulations, or policies related to Ph.D. admissions in India.
• Develop a strong work ethic and time management skills, as PhD programs require dedication, self-discipline, and long hours of research.
• Consider the location and infrastructure of the institution, ensuring it suits your research needs and provides a conducive environment for learning.
• Explore interdisciplinary opportunities and collaborations to broaden your research scope and gain different perspectives.
• Discuss funding options and financial support with the institutions you are applying to, and be prepared to seek external funding if necessary.
• Keep track of your research progress and maintain regular communication with your supervisor or mentor.
• Attend preparatory courses or workshops on research methodology or academic writing to enhance your research skills.
• Finally, be passionate, persistent, and proactive in pursuing your PhD dream. Embrace the challenges, stay motivated, and enjoy the journey of knowledge creation.

Remember, each institution may have its specific requirements and procedures, so it’s crucial to carefully review their official websites or contact the admissions offices for accurate and up-to-date information.

10 Steps to Join PhD in India

Here are 10 steps to join a PhD program in India:

• Research your field: Explore different research areas and identify your specific field of interest for pursuing a PhD in India.
• Shortlist institutions: Identify universities or research institutes in India that offer PhD programs in your chosen field.
• Review eligibility criteria : Check the eligibility requirements of the institutions you are interested in, including minimum educational qualifications and entrance exam scores.
• Prepare application documents: Gather the necessary documents, such as academic transcripts, recommendation letters, statement of purpose (SOP), and research proposal.
• Prepare for entrance exams: If required, prepare for entrance exams like UGC-NET, GATE, or university-specific exams. Familiarize yourself with the syllabus and exam pattern.
• Apply to institutions: Submit your applications to the shortlisted institutions within the specified deadlines. Pay attention to the required application fees and submission procedures.
• Attend interviews (if applicable): Some institutions may conduct interviews or presentations to assess your research aptitude and fit for the program. Prepare well for these interactions.
• Secure funding: Explore funding opportunities such as scholarships, fellowships, or research grants. Check if the institutions offer any financial support or external funding options.
• Accept an offer : After receiving acceptance letters from the institutions you applied to, carefully evaluate and select the most suitable offer based on research facilities, faculty expertise, funding, and overall fit.
• Complete admission formalities: After accepting an offer, complete the necessary admission formalities as specified by the institution. This may include submitting additional documents, paying fees, and fulfilling any other requirements.

It’s important to note that the specific steps and procedures may vary between institutions. Therefore, always refer to the official websites and admission guidelines of the institutions you are applying to for accurate and up-to-date information.

Pursuing a PhD in India is a rewarding and intellectually stimulating endeavor. Understanding the duration, costs, eligibility criteria, and recent developments is crucial to navigating the process effectively.

By considering these factors and conducting thorough research, aspiring Ph.D. scholars can embark on their academic journey confidently and clearly.

Remember to contact universities or institutions directly for specific information and seek guidance from mentors or faculty members who can provide valuable insights into the PhD application process in your chosen field. Good luck with your Ph.D. pursuit!

Also Read: Best 100 Institutions to Study PhD in India – 2024

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• PhD Study in India – A Guide for 2024

Written by Mark Bennett

The Indian higher education system has expanded at a simply phenomenal rate during the 21st Century - and it shows no sign of stopping. This rapid growth in the number of individual PhD universities is also producing a range of research opportunities , ranging from cutting-edge Science and Engineering projects to unique programmes exploring the country's own diverse history and culture.

This page provides a comprehensive introduction to PhD study in India, with information on universities, colleges, fees, funding opportunities, average duration and eligibility requirements.

On this page

Phd opportunities in india - what's on offer for 2024.

India's rich culture and stunning geography need little introduction and are a universal part of its appeal as a visitor destination. When it comes to international study, however, there's arguably never been a better time to consider a longer-term stay as a PhD student in India.

Here are just a few reasons to consider beginning your PhD at an Indian university in 2024:

• Diversity and specialisation - Whether you want to research Business Management, Bombay Cinema or Buddhist Philosophy, the scope of options for PhD study in India means there's almost certainly an excellent programme available for you.
• Affordability and accessibility - PhD fees in India vary a lot, but are often surprisingly low. Meanwhile, English is widely spoken and is adopted as the language of instruction at a wide range of universities.
• Increasing global recognition - University rankings have taken some time to catch up with the speed of India's higher education expansion, but this is beginning to change. Several of India's leading universities and institutes now feature in international league tables for 2024.
• Youth and dynamism - India's current population is one of the youngest in the world, demographically speaking. This fresh and dynamic outlook helps drive a culture of innovation and entrepreneurialism. You'll fit right in as a PhD researcher looking to develop new ideas and approaches.

India's universities can also claim some impressive alumni, including the current CEOs of Microsoft (Satya Nadella) and Google (Sundar Pichai). So, in a way, they may well have helped you find this page.

Pick the right programme for you

There are lots of choices, let us help you to make the right one. Sign up to our weekly newsletter for the latest advice and guidance from our team of experts.

Indian universities

India's higher education system is one of the world's biggest, with well over 1000 different universities. It's also one of the most diverse, as these institutions fall into a range of different categories.

This has the potential to seem confusing, but, for prospective PhD students, the differences between individual universities (or groupings) won't generally be as important as the specific research projects and programmes they offer.

University types

There are five different varieties of university with the potential to offer PhD programmes in India. In most cases the distinction between these groups concerns the way in which they are established and administered.

The Indian higher education system is made up of the following:

• 47 Central Universities - As their name suggests, these are centrally administered by the Indian Government through its Department of Higher Education. This group includes some of India's oldest research universities, as well as some newer and more specialised institutions.
• 390 State Universities - These are set up and governed by individual Indian states and provinces. They include a wide range of institutions, many of which specialise in certain subjects.
• 307 Private Universities - These are also set up within (and accredited by) individual states or provinces, but are established by independent organisations. They often tend to focus more on international recruitment than Central or State ('public') universities.
• 124 Deemed to be Universities - This group includes a wide range of institutions that weren't set up as universities, but are currently recognised as having university-level expertise in certain subjects. As such they may carry out associated research and teaching.
• 138 Institutes of National Importance - These are India's premier centres for teaching, scholarship and research. Each is established or recognised by a specific act of parliament and designated with particular specialisms and objectives. See below for more details.

PhD colleges in India

India is also home to over 39,000 colleges, but things aren't quite as vast (or complicated) as they seem. Indian higher education colleges tend to be affiliated with local state universities, helping deliver the teaching for the degree programmes those universities award.

In practice, this system is actually quite similar to the collegiate university model adopted within older UK universities such as Oxford and Cambridge : the student studies within a college towards a qualification granted by its associated university.

Some Indian colleges specialise in postgraduate (or 'post-graduate') programmes, effectively functioning like the graduate schools operated by universities in the USA or Canada.

Institutions of National Importance

India's Institutions of National Importance (INIs) are its most prestigious higher education institutions, tasked with strategic academic and professional objectives. Most are highly specialised and are organised into appropriate networks based on the subjects they pursue.

At present the list of INIs includes:

• 23 Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) - these focus primarily on Engineering and related subjects. Together with the National Institutes of Technology (below) they award the majority of Indian PhDs in these disciplines.
• 31 National Institutes of Technology (NITs) - these also focus on Engineering as well as related subjects such as Architecture and Management.
• 20 Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs) - these are India's premier centres for professional training and research in Business and Management. Most of the programmes they offer award postgraduate degrees, including the Fellow Programme in Management (FPM) - equivalent to a PhD.
• 7 Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research (IISERs) - these conduct research and training in a broad range of scientific fields.
• 7 National Institutes of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPERs) - focussing on Pharmacy, Pharmacology and related Chemical Sciences.
• 7 All India Institutes of Medical Sciences (AIIMs) - focussing on professional training and qualification in Medicine and related Health Sciences.
• 3 Schools of Planning and Architecture (SPAs) - focussing on professional training and research in Architecture and related subjects.

Needless to say, the INIs include some of India's highest ranked and most internationally renowned universities, making them a strong choice for international PhD study in appropriate subjects.

Subject specialisms

It's quite common for Indian universities to focus on particular subjects or even to specialise in these subjects at a postgraduate level. This can make it easier to find appropriate universities for your PhD, but it does mean that not all provide comprehensive research opportunities.

Indian university cities

The sheer size of India's university system means that opportunities for PhD study exist right across the country. However, there are a number of key 'hubs' for study and research. These include major cities such as Mumbai , Delhi, Bangalore, Hyderabad , Kanpur and Pune .

Indian university rankings

Global rankings are beginning to reflect the growth of India's university system and its increasing expertise in key subject areas. The country's Institutes of Technology (IITs) are particularly well ranked, with several in the current Times Higher Education world top 500:

Do rankings matter for PhD study?

University rankings can help you choose a PhD project or programme, provided you know what to look at. Our guide explains how to use rankings as a prospective postgraduate.

Accreditation

Universities in India are overseen by the University Grants Commission . This is an official body ensuring that higher education in India is properly supported and meets appropriate standards.

PhD structure

The Indian PhD is an advanced research qualification, designed for students who have already completed undergraduate and (usually) postgraduate training.

As a doctoral student, you'll set out to independently research an original topic with the support of at least one supervisor (an academic at your university with relevant expertise and experience). At the end of your degree you'll submit a thesis describing your research activities and results.

In this sense, PhD study in India is very similar to other countries. However, as you'd expect from a country with such a large - and diverse - higher education system, there are a few differences.

Most Indian universities award the standard PhD as an academic research doctorate. Some also provide other qualifications, including more specialised doctorates:

• Fellow Programme in Management (FPM) - A PhD-level qualification usually offered by Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs). An FPM may include professional training, comparable to that involved in a Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) degree. Programmes usually last for up to five years.
• Doctorate in Pharmacy (Pharm D) - A specialised professional qualification usually lasting for at least six years.
• Master of Philosophy (MPhil) - A shorter academic research qualification (lasting one to two years), also offered in the UK and other countries. Some MPhil programmes allow progression to a full PhD.

PhD programmes

It's common for Indian universities to establish doctoral programmes within which their postgraduate students receive additional training and support as they carry out their research.

At State Universities, these are often organised by local affiliated colleges (effectively operating as the university's graduate school). More specialised Institutions of National Importance may run a single doctoral programme within which all of their students work on related topics.

PhD programmes often commence with a coursework phase . This provides any specialist subject knowledge and research skills a student needs in order to carry out their own independent research.

The coursework component of your PhD will usually be completed in your first year (this may be shorter if you already have relevant qualifications and training at Masters level). After this you will prepare a synopsis of your project and be assigned an appropriate supervisor to guide your research.

From this point on you will work more independently, carrying out research and collecting results upon which to construct your thesis.

Programme length

In most cases, the duration of a PhD in India is around three years . It's possible to study for longer, but some universities may set a maximum registration period for doctoral students - this is usually around five years, if so.

Academic year

The Indian academic year usually runs from May to July . As a PhD student you will normally complete coursework and other training within this teaching period. However, your research project will be ongoing.

Assessment and examination

The main criteria for the award of an Indian PhD is the quality of the doctoral thesis you produce at the end of your degree.

You will first submit your thesis internally. This can be a more significant stage in India than elsewhere. Multiple faculty members will often be involved and these may request corrections and resubmissions before allowing a student to proceed to their external examination.

Once your university is satisfied, your thesis will be orally examined by one or more external examiners. In India this is known as the 'Open Defence'. The title is appropriate as these examinations usually take place in a ceremonial setting and in front of an audience including your fellow students, faculty, family and friends.

Don't be put off by the prospect of being examined 'live' in this way: The Open Defence is a well-deserved opportunity to take pride in your work and the expertise it has produced.

Publication requirements

In addition to completing your thesis itself, you may be expected to have produced a peer-reviewed publication before your doctorate can be awarded. This may seem daunting to a new or prospective student, but you'll soon find that you're already producing work of a high standard as part of researching your doctoral thesis.

Your faculty will probably maintain a list of the journals it regards as being acceptable and your supervisor will be able to advise you on the preparation of your research for publication.

Fees and funding

India is a comparatively inexpensive destination for PhD study, though the actual cost of a PhD in India will vary between universities and regions.

There is no set fee for PhD study at Indian universities. Generally, State Universities will be cheaper than Private Universities, but neither are especially expensive by international standards.

International students won't necessarily pay more to study in India, though some universities may restrict the number of 'foreign students' they enrol.

Programmes are generally between USD $2,000-5,000 per year, though some universities will charge more. The best approach is to identify an institution with appropriate facilities and expertise for your PhD, then inquire as to its fees.

You'll also have some other costs to cover for an Indian PhD. These may include registration and application fees as well as fees for your eventual PhD examination. Most will be fairly minor expenses, but it's worth checking with your university in advance and confirming exactly what - and how much - you'll be required to pay.

PhD funding

The main source of government support for international students in India is the ICCR Scholarship Scheme , formerly known as the General Scholarship Scheme (GSS). This provides funding for students from specific countries to study at Bachelors, Masters or PhD level in India, with some restrictions on subjects and programmes.

International applicants with Indian heritage may also be eligible to apply to the Scholarship Programmes for Diaspora Children (SPDC) scheme. However, this support may be restricted to undergraduate programmes.

A list of other scholarships and fellowships for study in India is maintained on the University Grants Commission website .

Most Indian universities will also have their own scholarships and fee waivers available for their students, though not all of these will be available to international applicants. You can view a partial list of institutions offering international fee waivers on the Indian Government website . Note that these waivers may not necessarily be for PhD programmes or other postgraduate courses.

PhD funding guides

There's plenty of support out there for you to complete a doctorate in India (or elsewhere). Our PhD funding guides will help you make sense of your options.

Applying for a PhD in India

Some Indian universities use admissions portals to help manage their applications. Others will accept direct applications, or advertise specific opportunities .

Admission requirements

To be eligible to study a PhD in India, you have to have a Masters degree in a relevant subject, usually with an overall grade of at least 55% (or the equivalent).

Candidates will also be expected to have the necessary language skills for their course. English is one of India's official languages and is used for teaching at most of its universities/ However, some specialised universities will teach in Hindi , Urdu or other Indian languages.

There is no age limit for doing a PhD in India. Most PhDs take between three and five years to complete so it's worth considering what you want to do after completing your degree.

In July 2022, the UK and Indian governments signed a mutual agreement to formally recognise eachother's higher education qualifications. This means that if you studied your Masters degree in the UK, it will automatically be recognised as the equivalent of an Indian Masters (and vice-versa!) This should make the application process easier for UK students looking to do a PhD in India.

The Indian PhD application process

Indian PhD applications are usually competitive. Each university will have a specific number of places available on its PhD programmes each year and will use a system of entrance examinations, interviews and research proposal assessment to select the best candidates.

Individual institutions are free to manage this process themselves, but most will follow the same general steps.

PhD notifications

First, the university will establish how many places it has available for its PhD programmes. These places are then published as a 'notification' for that round of PhD admissions.

Notifications for the next academic year will usually be published in the previous Autumn. You can find them by searching university websites. You can also check the PhD opportunities listed here on FindAPhD.

The Research Eligibility Test (RET)

Once you have responded to its PhD notification, your prospective university will begin to assess your suitability for doctoral work.

PhD applicants in India are normally required to complete a Research Eligibility Test (RET): this is a written exam confirming that you have the necessary subject knowledge and expertise to carry out advanced research in your chosen discipline.

The content of the RET will be specific to your university and programme. In some cases universities will use relevant examination material from its own Masters degrees (as this is the level you should be working at as a PhD student).

You check the requirements and process for your RET before you begin your application. It may be the case that you are required to attend a physical exam in India (along with other students). Your university should be able to tell you if it makes any alternative arrangements for international students.

The next step (after a satisfactory RET performance) is to attend a PhD interview . Your university will normally publish details of candidates invited to interview as a formal part of its PhD admissions round.

The most important part of your interview day will be the interview itself, during which you will answer questions about your interests and experience and (hopefully) demonstrate that you are a suitable candidate for its programme.

The university will also use this opportunity to check and assess your application documents . You will normally be asked to bring certificates and transcripts related to your existing qualifications, as well as other materials related to your application. The exact requirements will be published along with your interview details.

Research proposals

Your previous qualifications, RET score and interview performance will confirm you are suitably qualified and prepared for a place on an Indian PhD programme. Some universities may also wish to check the details for the topic you plan to explore with your PhD. If so, they will ask you to submit a research proposal .

This may be a separate stage in your application, or it may be part of your interview process. Again, you should check your university's requirements.

Application portals

Some Indian universities partner with external services to help manage their admissions. This can make your application a lot easier, with additional support and guidance available on the exact requirements.

The most important application portal for international students in India is EdCIL . This is an official partner service, designated by the Indian Government to support applications from students seeking to study abroad in India.

Application fees

Some universities (and portals) will charge fees during their application process. These cover the costs of registering and processing applications as well as the administration of examinations and interviews.

Individually, these fees are likely to be quite small (often less than $10 at a time). However, it's a good idea to make a note of all the required fees at the beginning of your application and ensure you don't end up paying more than you expect.

Student visas

You'll need a visa to study in India as an international student. This is usually easy to obtain, provided you are a genuine student and have been accepted to study at an Indian university.

India issues various visas, but the one you'll require as a PhD student is, surprisingly enough, a student visa . This is normally valid for up to five years and allows multiple entries into India during your course.

Application requirements

The materials required for an Indian student visa application will usually include:

• Proof of admission to your university (you'll need this before you start your application)
• Personal documents (your passport and other details)
• Financial evidence (confirming you have sufficient money to support yourself during your course)

The cost of your visa will depend on the country you apply from. Currently prices range from $14-$118 .

Application process

Before you begin your visa application you should check your requirements with an Indian Misson (embassy) in your home country. At this point you may also be asked to submit required documents and pay the appropriate visa fee (this will depend on your nationality and situation). You can then apply for your visa online using a service set up by the Indian Government.

PhD life in India

Want to know more about what it's like to live in India during a PhD? Our detailed guide covers everything from accommodation and living costs to culture and entertainment.

An Indian PhD will qualify you well for further work related to your research area, in India or elsewhere. The expansion of the Indian university sector is creating many opportunities for academic work in the country and your experience of Indian higher education will prepare you well for these kinds of roles.

As of July 2022, all undergraduate and postgraduate qualifications earned in India are automatically recognised in the UK (and vice versa). This means that you'll be able to use your Indian PhD to more easily access a wide range of job opportunities in the UK.

It is usually possible to extend a student visa if you find work in India, or to apply for a separate employment visa (provided you have evidence of a suitable job offer). Your university should be able to provide more information and guidance during your PhD.

Find a PhD in India

Ready to start browsing some current PhD opportunities in India ? Alternatively, you can look at our other guides to PhD study abroad .

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Inlaks Scholarships provide a fantastic funding opportunity for Indian students looking to do a PhD abroad at one of the world’s top universities.

Commonwealth PhD Scholarships offer talented Indian doctoral students the opportunity to complete a funded 12-month placement at a participating UK university.

If you’re an Indian PhD student currently studying a PhD at an institution in India, you could apply for a Fulbright-Nehru Doctoral Research Fellowship to undertake research in the USA.

What's it like to live in India during a PhD? Our guide covers accommodation, student living costs, working and other key information.

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PhD Degree In India: PhD Programs, Types, Fees, Eligibility, Entrance, Scope, Admission Online 2024

Jun 26, 2024 1.3K Reads

If you completed your master’s and are now interested in research then PhD will be an ideal career choice for you as it involves a lot of research. There are various reasons to pursue a PhD program firstly, it is the highest qualification in academics, and second is to become an expert in your chosen field.

Moreover, you can also apply for various job roles after completing the program. Having this degree adds up the “Dr” title before your name.  Read this full article to learn everything that must know regarding the PhD program. 

What are PhD programs?

The acronym "PhD" represents "Doctor of Philosophy," derived from the Latin "philosophiae doctor." A PhD proves one's knowledge in a certain topic.

In contrast to several other doctorate programs that involve instruction, PhD candidates mostly concentrate on their own research. This study needs to be novel, fresh, and deserving of publication as a thesis. The primary evaluation criteria for a PhD are the caliber and originality of the student's research project.

Types of PhD Programs

There are various types of PhD Programs. Some of them are mentioned below :

1) Regular PhD Program 

In a regular PhD program, you have to attend classes regularly and the duration to complete it is a minimum of 5-7 years. Furthermore, you have to take an entrance exam if you want to opt for a regular PhD program. Moreover, you also have to be completely focused on research.  

2) Part-Time PhD Program

This Part Time PhD program is specially designed for working professionals and the duration to complete it is a minimum of 4 to 6 years. You need to attend an evening class in it. Candidates working in reputed research organizations, academic institutes, or industries near the campus are usually granted part-time PhDs.

A part-time PhD takes 7-8 years to complete, as students must fulfill the same academic credits and requirements as full-time students.   Part-time PhD students attend a limited number of classes. They must have at least 1 year of work experience and an NOC from their employer. Part-time Ph.D. focuses on research that benefits the company rather than individual research.

3) Online PhD Program 

Online PhD is still not recognized by the UGC, hence it is not a valid option but you can opt for an alternative which is an Online DBA (Doctor of Business Administration) it is also a doctorate program and can be completed in a minimum of 3-5 years. Moreover, you also do not need to visit college to pursue it.

4) PhD Distance Learning

  Distance PhDs are also called distance doctoral programs at some institutions. This degree offers the same career prospects as a full-time PhD. The duration is 3-5 years. You need a graduation degree with 5+ years of work experience. 

5) PhD for working Professionals

It might be difficult to pursue a Ph.D. while working a full-time job. Nonetheless, a lot of colleges provide working people with flexible curriculum options. These courses assist students in juggling employment and education.

To pursue this phd for working professionals program you must have a Master's degree with a minimum of 60% marks, work experience, and a valid GATE/NET score (if applicable)

6) PhD Global

  A Global PhD is a PhD for working professionals that can be pursued from a foreign university. It is a little different from a PhD program offered in an Indian university in terms of eligibility criteria, selection process, fees, syllabus, and job roles. In this mode, you have to pass the entrance exam and once you pass it only then you can apply for a PhD Global program. 

7) PhD Abroad

The duration of a Ph.D. program abroad is three to six years, with ample chances. To get admitted, candidates must pass entrance examinations such as the GMAT, SAT, GRE, TOEFL, and IELTS. Ph.D. programs are offered by prestigious universities in the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Australia, Japan, Canada, Singapore, and France.

8) Integrated PhD Program 

This integrated doctoral program is comprehensive and incorporates both a master’s and a doctorate program. The duration to complete it is a minimum of 5-6 years. You can apply for this program right after your bachelor’s.

How many students opted for a Regular PhD Program and a Part-Time PhD Program? 

According to Pulse survey data, most students are interested in full-time PhDs, but those in the upper age groups (45+ years) are more likely to consider part-time (37% versus 15% between 18-44-year-olds).

Regular PhD Program-  15%

Part-Time PhD Program- 37%

What is the Scope of a PhD program in India? 

The scope of PhD in India is wider than just earning a degree. It is far beyond it. It opens doors to many new exciting job opportunities. Through this, you can make impactful changes in the society. Let’s learn more about it and delve into it. 

Academics and Research

• In a PhD program, you will learn all the knowledge and skills to conduct your original research, it encourages you to push your boundaries way beyond your thinking and discover various new things. 
• Many graduates of PhD programs think of pursuing a career in academics. You can also become a professor and guide various students in their research journey. 
• Through research Fellowships, you can refine your research skills and partner with renowned researchers at universities. 

Research and Development (R&D)

• Many companies have their own research and development departments which give jobs to PhD scholars to cope up with the complex challenges and they also contribute to innovating new ideas. 
• The research skills that you develop while pursuing a PhD program make you stand out from the crowd as you can assist better in the development of new products, processes, solutions, and many more. 
• The major advantage of pursuing a PhD program is that you get a high salary package in comparison to the different programs. 

Policy and Government Roles 

• You know that you can advise policymakers on critical issues with your specialized knowledge of the field. 
• Many government research Organizations give employment to the PhD graduates to do research that is relevant to public policy, national security, and relevantly other important areas of the nation. 
• By pursuing a PhD Program, you can become a bridge between academics and government you will ensure that your findings will contribute to the society's progress. 

Who all can apply to a PhD Program In India? 

To be eligible for an Entrance exam for a PhD, you must fulfill the mentioned eligibility criteria :

• You must have completed your master’s from a government-recognized university with a minimum mark of 50-55 percent. 
• Next, you also need to pass the entrance exam.
• Later, you have to pass the interview round. 

Entrance Exam for PhD In India 

There is a list of entrance exams for PhD. Some of them are mentioned below :

• CSIR UGC-NET :  The Joint CSIR-UGC NET is a test for Indian nationals.

It determines eligibility for :

• Junior Research Fellowship and Assistant Professor.
• Assistant Professor and Ph.D. admission.
• Ph.D. admission only.

It applies to Indian universities, colleges, and R&D establishments.

• JNU PhD Entrance :  Admission to JNU is based on the All India Level Entrance Examination.

For Ph.D. selection through Computer Based Test (CBT) :

• Candidates are called for a viva voce.
• The final merit list is 70% based on the CBT score and 30% based on the viva voce.
• BITS PhD Entrance Exam : If you want to pursue a PhD program from BITS, you must have fulfilled all the eligibility criteria mentioned below  
• Candidates need an M.E/M.Pharm./MBA/M.Phil or equivalent with at least 60% aggregate for Ph.D. admission.
• Alternatively, those with an M.Sc/B.E or equivalent with a minimum of 60% can also be provisionally admitted.
• For Ph.D. programs in languages and humanities, candidates with an M.Phil/MA and at least 55% aggregate may also be considered.
• Candidates admitted under this scheme must commit full-time to their Ph.D. research and refrain from taking other assignments until the final thesis submission.
• GATE Exam :  The GATE exam opens doors to prestigious Masters and PhD programs. It also offers opportunities for technical positions in PSUs. GATE scores enhance job prospects in both public and private sectors. Especially in fields like engineering, technology, and research.
• AIIMS PhD Entrance Exam : The AIIMS PhD entrance exam is highly competitive. It assesses candidates' knowledge, aptitude, and research skills. The exam is typically held twice a year, in January and July sessions.
• Symbiosis PhD Entrance Exam : The University admits students who qualify for fellowships or scholarships in national-level tests like UGC-NET, UGC-CSIR NET, GATE,, etc. Alternatively, students may be admitted through an Entrance Test conducted by the University. The syllabus for the Entrance Test will include 50% research methodology and 50% subject-specific topics. Students scoring 50% marks in the entrance test are eligible for the interview.

Fees that we need to pay to pursue A PhD In India

Fees of the program differ from university to university and specialization to specialization. However, fees for a government college lie between  Rs. 10,000- Rs. 50,000 per annum. Whereas fees of a government college lie between Rs. 70,000 to 3.5 lakhs per annum. 

How to Apply for a PhD Program?

Follow the simple steps to apply for a PhD Program. Check the given steps below :

• Step-1 . Check out all the specializations the institution offers and the details about the specialization you want to pursue by visiting the official university website.
• Step-2 . In order to complete the application, you must check the university's official website, since they post the announcement of the admission there.
• Step-3 . The application must be submitted by the deadlines the university specifies. It is recommended that you provide all essential documentation for admission.
• Step-4. Remember that certain colleges may want a research proposal in addition to the application, thus, you should prepare one beforehand.
• Step-5 . Universities will pick the candidates who can take an admission exam after reviewing your application.
• Step-6 . After clearing both rounds of testing, you will be assigned research mentors or PhD research supervisors.

What Do We Need to Prepare for a PhD Program Entrance Exam? 

The entrance exam of Delhi University for PhD is divided into 2 parts. Each part holds a weightage of 50 percent marks. 

What are Some Popular PhD Programs Streams and Their Syllabus? 

PhD or Doctor of Philosophy, courses are offered in many fields. Some major streams include Science, Arts and Humanities, and Management. There are many PhD courses available in India. The table below shows the syllabus for some PhD courses by stream:

• Science Stream :  Check the table below to know the topics you will get to learn in the science stream 

• Management Stream :  Check the table below to know the topics you will get to learn in the Management stream 

• Art and Humanities Stream :  Check the table below to know the topics you will get to learn in the Art and Humanities stream

Course Structure of PhD Programs In India

• Candidates must submit their research proposal and research topic after being chosen for PhD courses. After that, a research guide or supervisor is appointed to them.
• Candidates are given information on the teaching schedule, methods of evaluation, and course content. The majority of institutes need progress updates on research projects every six months.
• During their research duration, PhD candidates are required to present in at least two seminars and submit a certificate to the Research Unit. Before presenting their thesis, you must also submit a Certificate to the Research Unit and publish a minimum of one research publication in a peer-reviewed journal.
• A Pre-submission Seminar will be arranged by the supervisor before the thesis is submitted. Recommendations for enhancement will be gathered in this seminar and must be incorporated by the candidate in their final thesis.
• A thesis summary must be submitted by candidates forty-five days before the final submission. The thesis is submitted in hard copy as well as soft copy, and outside specialists examine it and should changes be recommended, the candidate is required to submit a revised thesis.
• Lastly, applicants defend their theses in front of an expert panel during a viva voce. Upon fulfillment of these requirements, the applicant is awarded a PhD.

How Much Stipend You Get In PhD Programs In India? 

• Research researchers and PhD candidates now get higher stipends from the Ministry of Education.
• Junior Research Fellows (JRFs) would now get a monthly salary of Rs 37,000 instead of Rs 31,000 as before. Senior Research Fellows (SRFs) would now receive Rs 42,000, up from Rs 35,000 by 20%.
• The stipends for Research Associates (RAs) have been increased, the RA-I level will now receive Rs 58,000, the RA-II level will receive Rs 61,000, and the RA-III level will receive Rs 63,000 (up from Rs 54,000).

Colleges Offering a PhD In India

There are various government and private colleges offering a PhD program, Some of them are mentioned below :

The Alternative of a PhD Program in India 

If in case you are searching for an alternative to a PhD Program, you can opt for an Online DBA program, it is also a doctorate program and adds up a “Dr” title before your name.

Moreover, it offers you various advantages such as you do not have to visit college daily. You can complete an Online DBA in a minimum of 3-5 years whereas PhD takes a minimum of 5-7 years to complete it. Furthermore, in an Online DBA, international faculties teach you. 

Many universities are offering an Online DBA. Some of them are mentioned below :

In India, PhD scholars are well respected in the market. Moreover, you become an expert in the field. Furthermore, you can opt for an Online DBA program, if you do not want to visit a college daily.

FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)

⭐ in india, how many years is a phd.

Completing a PhD takes five years. Within five to six years, depending on the university.

⭐ What is the cost of a PhD in India?

Depending on the university, a PhD might cost you around from INR 80,000 to INR 1,20,000 each year. Exams such as the DBT-JRF, CSIR-NET, and UGC-NET/JRF, in addition to an interview or viva, are frequently required for admission.

⭐ What is the age limit for PhD?

Admission to PhD programs is not based on age. Applicants who fulfill the requirements may apply at any age.

⭐ Is earning a PhD challenging?

Certainly, a PhD is difficult as it takes a long time to finish and write an advanced research project that needs to pass a strict peer review procedure. You must demonstrate your subject-matter competence.

⭐ Can I complete my PhD without taking a NET exam?

Although not all universities need it, some do require the UGC NET test for PhD admissions. Each university has different requirements.

⭐ What are the PhD Entrance exam?

Exams like as the NPAT, IIT JAM, CSIR UGC NET, and UGC NET are used to determine admission to PhD programs. It is necessary to have a valid GATE score for Engineering and Technology. Twice a year, the CSIR UGC NET is a nationwide examination.

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A Comprehensive Guide to Applying for a PhD in India [2024]

Quick Summary

• A PhD is a postgraduate research degree in India. It’s the highest academic degree in the country. 
• The cost of a PhD course in India differs based on the kind of university people choose. However, if you take estimates, it can cost you around 80k to 2 lacs.
• For admission in PhD in India, students require a Master’s degree in a relevant field. An overall grade point average of at least 55% (or equivalent) is required.

Table of Contents

Did you know that India produces over 20 thousand PhD holders , making it one of the top 5 countries with the most PhD holders?

Sounds great right?

And this number of PhD holders is only going to increase in upcoming years, with the rise in new technologies and scientific research more and more people will pursue a PhD in India.

If you are also thinking about pursuing PhD degree, then read this article till the end to know all about doing PhD in India. 

PhD in India- Course Highlights

Reasons To Pursue a PhD in India

It is known that the purpose of a PhD is to teach individuals how to conduct research in a field. Candidates learn how to write scholarly papers and present findings, along with gaining skills like critical thinking, problem-solving, and communication. However, there are career-related reasons to choose PhD course, and these reasons are:

• Getting monthly allowances from the government to fund research.
• A PhD student is seen as an expert in their field, thus, making them eligible for job openings related to teaching and research.
• A chance to go to other countries for Academic Exchange Programs and learn various things.
• Getting complete control over what you want to study and how you wish to continue with your research.
• A PhD student gets to interact and work with the best academicians in their field and the professional experts who will guide them during their research.

Types of PhD Courses in India

There are different types of PhD degrees, some are based on distance and some are based on stream. Here is the list of major types of PhD in India.

Common PhD Degrees

Stream-wise PhD Degrees

Major PhD in India Entrance Exams

Every university takes its entrance exam for admission and checks the qualification for a PhD of every applicant. However, some entrance exams are conducted on a national level and have more importance. These are the major PhD course entrance exams.

Have a read at a Comprehensive Guide to Entrance Exams after Graduation .

PhD in India- Eligibility Criteria

Getting admission in PhD course is not an easy task, and if you are trying to get admission to any PhD program, check for these PhD eligibility criteria beforehand.

• The candidate must have completed a Master’s degree i.e. (MTech/ MSc/ MA/ MPhil/ MBA). And it must be a full-time Master’s course from a recognised university by the government.
• The overall grade point average of the candidate’s Master’s program must be at least 55% (or equivalent).
• Candidates under SC, ST, and OBC categories will be given 5%- or 10%-mark relaxations. Applicants must present their reservation certificate to use these benefits.
• The candidate must pass the PhD entrance exam.
• A No Objection Certificate (NOC) f rom the educational institution or company where candidates are employed is required. Candidates must have job experience in a related field for a part-time PhD.

PhD Course Structure

1. coursework.

In PhD courses, students take a set have to take core courses or seminars in their field of study to build foundational knowledge. The coursework varies according to university but does includes both required and elective courses.

2. Research proposal

After completing the core courses, students must develop a research proposal outlining the problem they plan to investigate, the research questions they aim to answer, and the methods they will use to collect and analyze data.

3. Comprehensive exams

Before beginning their research for PhD course, students need to pass certain comprehensive exams covering their field of study to demonstrate their competence in the subject matter.

4. Research

Once students have completed their coursework and passed their comprehensive exams, they can begin their research. This typically involves conducting experiments, collecting data, or engaging in other research activities to answer the questions outlined in their research proposal.

5. Dissertation

The final requirement for a PhD course completion is the dissertation, which is a book-length document outlining the student’s research findings, conclusions, and contributions to their field of study. The dissertation has to be defended in front of a committee of faculty members and other experts in the field.

Read more: Complete Guide to Writing a Research Paper

5 Step PhD Course Admission Process

There is Candidates must take the following seven steps to apply for a PhD in India:

Step 1 Find a Mentor

PhD students should find a supervisor willing to support them through their PhD journey. After finding a supervisor, candidates can apply offline or online. Almost all colleges and universities accept online applications now. However, if you wish, you can apply via the offline process by visiting the office of the university.

Step 2 Fill Online Admission Form

Candidates must complete the online PhD admission form before applying on the university or college website. All the needed qualification for PhD is listed on the university’s official website and should be met. The online application is rejected if candidates fail to meet these requirements.

Step 3 Submit Necessary Documents

After completing the online application form, candidates must provide all necessary papers. These documents may include your passing certificate, degree, and migration certificate. Check the list of papers on the website before applying for the PhD admissions.

Step 4 Pass the Entrance Exam

The college/university needs PhD entrance exam. This exam must be taken after completing the application form. Fill out the form for the entrance exam and appear for it.

Step 5 Pass the Interview

Upon passing the PhD entrance exam, candidates will be invited for a doctoral academic interview. Admission is based on the academic doctoral interview and PhD entrance exam results. The institution or college decides the grades of students at each level and after passing the interview and fulfilling some other requirements you get admission.

Top Colleges for PhD in India

Top 10 Career Options After PhD in India

Source: Ambition Box

Plan Your Career in PhD

Being known as PhD holder is something to be proud of, not just because it’s a symbol of great knowledge but also a great future. If you want a career like this then doing PhD in India is the best choice and if you are confused about how you are going to get admission in PhD, then re-read the article. Do your research, know which specialization you want to choose and excel in your PhD course.

Make sure you carefully explore all your professional options because your career is extremely important. Before making the right decision, look over our  career advice.

Frequently Asked Questions

How much does a phd in india cost.

The cost of a PhD course in India differs based on the kind of university people choose. However, if you take estimates, it can cost you around 80k to 2 lacs. This figure can go up or down based on whether you choose a private institute or a government one.

What is the duration of a PhD in India?

A PhD program lasts for three to five years. Candidates have a maximum of five to six years to finish the program. The course length may be different for different institutes and the time taken by student in completing their thesis.

What are the eligibility criteria for a PhD in India?

For admission in PhD in India, students require a Master’s degree in a relevant field. An overall grade point average of at least 55% (or equivalent) is required. In addition to this, candidates must know the language in which the course is taught and evaluated. Now, an MPhil degree is not a must for PhD admissions.

Is it easy to get a PhD in India?

Getting a PhD in India is not easy. Candidates pursuing PhDs in India must pass the entrance exams such as NET. This written exam checks if they have the relevant subject knowledge to conduct advanced research. Candidates must further clear a PhD interview exam. Candidates must clear these rounds before pursuing PhDs in their chosen areas of specialization.

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PhD in India- Fees, Duration, Scholarship and Universities

In this article, we are covering topics on- PhD in India, fees structure, entrance exams, admission procedure and other related information. Also, we will enlist courses and universities for doing PhD in India. Further, we will cover how to apply for a PhD scholarship in India and what are the sources. 

I personally feel that doing a PhD in India is tougher than in other countries. Why? I will explain it in this article. Wait and read till the end. 

The doctor of philosophy is the topmost degree in any education system. One should have to pass many hurdles and face numerous problems to even enter into PhD. However, for a clever and bright student, it might be an easy task. 

PhD is more than a degree, it is equivalent to some reputed award or we can say it is kind of honour. But technically speaking, you become an expert by doing a PhD . Your expertise nourished and polished during PhD and hence you become top of all.  

And because you are now some expert in some disciplines, you paid higher than others. People give you respect as well. 

This is the reason, doing a PhD is a tedious task. You can’t get a PhD easily. Therefore it is not a “cup of tea” for all. As a PhD student, you need to have great commitment and patience. You have to develop several skills during your PhD to get it smoothly. I had covered an amazing article on what skills required for PhD students. Read it first, it will help you. 

Read: PhD student-What skills and qualities one should acquire.

As I said, doing a PhD in India is not as easy as like in other countries. A candidate has to pass many steps and tedious procedure to complete it.

A candidate has to, 

• Clear an entrance exam 
• Propose a research problem 
• Complete course work 
• Write a thesis or dissertation 
• Publish a research paper 
• Attend or present their work 
• And complete the viva voce

PhD in India: 

UGC- university grant commission from Delhi held, conduct and monitor’s the entire PhD process. The UGC is the governing body for all universities across India and it is taken care of all the processes and legal problems related to PhD in India. 

The PhD degree given by the UGC approved universities are only valid in India. For that, every university has to follow the rules and regulation stated by UGC. 

You can get all the information regarding PhD on the official website of UGC. 

Requirements and Eligibility criteria: 

When you think about doing a PhD, you must have completed a master degree or postgraduate degree in your related disciplines. 

So the first criteria for doing a PhD in India is the postgraduate degree. Notably, you must have completed your undergraduate degree from a well-known university. 

Here one thing you should know about your master degree is that some universities don’t allow students with part-time master or postgraduate degree for PhD. 

So you have to complete both bachelors as well as a master degree before applying for a PhD . 

However, for some courses master of philosophy (M.phil) is also taken into consideration besides a post-graduate degree. M.Phil is not mandatory for all. 

Next, with it, as per the UGC rules and regulations, a minimum 55% marks or equivalent CGPA is required to be eligible for PhD. 

After that, a candidate has to clear the NET- national eligibility test or GATE or some equivalent entrance exam held by the university. 

NET is compulsory for all subjects besides engineering. For engineering students, GATE (gratitude aptitude test in engineering) is required. However, before that, they must have completed their M.Tech or ME.  

The NET or GATE is exclusively conducted by the university grant commission. Based on your NET or GATE score you can apply in some of the topmost universities across India. 

Students of final year or last semester of masters can appear in NET or GATE. 

The above eligibilities are required only for applying in PhD. still, you can’t get admission if you aren’t fulfilling other criteria as well.  

After they shortlisted you for PhD, you have to submit a research proposal. If your research proposal is accepted then and then they can appear for PhD. 

These are the eligibility criteria for applying in PhD in India. Conclusively, you have to start preparing for PhD in your master’s, if you are willing to do it. 

Now, imagine that you have completed all these criteria, what next? What is the exact admission procedure to actually get into PhD? Let’s check it out. 

Admission procedure for PhD in India: 

Your token for admission in PhD is your post-graduate degree and NET or entrance exam. With a minimum of 55% marks and a good score in NET, you can apply in any universities across India. 

You can fill the form now.

A candidate can apply offline or online for PhD. Universities offer a limited number of seats for each subject. Once you shortlisted, they will notify you. 

After that, you have to download the final application form, fill it and submit it to university with all the attested copies of documents. 

Documents required: 

Students have to submit attested copies of all documents and verify the original one to respected authority. The required documents are: 

• 12th mark sheet 
• Final mark sheet of graduation 
• Graduation degree certificate 
• Final mark sheet of postgraduate 
• Degree certificate of post-graduate 
• Birth certificate 
• UGC notification of clearing the NET/GATE or university entrance exam clearing certificate. 
• Cast certificate if required 
• Documents of fellowship or scholarship if any 
• M.phil degree certificate if required
• Publication if required 
• Research proposal 
• Recommendation letter from the guide. 
• No-objection certificate 
• University transfer certificate if any 
• Passport size photograph 

Attested copies of all these documents must be submitted along with the application form. Besides, a candidate has to submit the research proposal, additionally. 

The research proposal is very important, based on your research interest, PhD supervisor or guide will be allotted to you. 

Format of a research proposal: 

The research proposal is more or less a kind of synopsis which explains the overall idea of your research problem. 

Title — propose your title in which you have to include a topic and method you wish to study. Try to make it small. If possible take some expert’s help to propose your title. 

Your title is a very important element of your PhD, it will remain unchanged throughout your PhD. Hence propose a clear, catchy and self-explanatory title. 

Abstract — explain your entire topic in 250 to 300 words in the abstract. 

Introduction and review — Explain your topic and provide some basic information in the introduction, Also provide some review related to your topic. 

Aim and objective s– propose at least three different objectives to solve your research problem. 

Methodology — in this section explain the method, process, protocol or hypothesis you want to use to solve the research problem. 

Results — state some output of your research. Here you have to enlist possible results (positive as well as negative) of your research problem. 

Note: you have to give a broad idea of everything, no need to explain everything in detail. Your research proposal must be 10 to 12 pages with a title page and bibliography. 

With all these documents, a candidate has to submit university fees. 

The university sent the research proposal to the respected faculty or the guide. If any guide is interested in your research problem they will send an acceptance letter to the university. University will send you the confirmation of the allotted guide. 

After that, you have to visit your guide. Your guide will give you a recommendation letter. You have to submit it along with a form and university fees to your department. 

After you fulfil all these requirements, your admission for PhD is completed. Due to these complications, doing a PhD is actually a tedious job in India.

But, you are not a PhD student, still. I will tell you why. Wait!

Fees structure for PhD in India:

The average fees in government college or universities are ranging from 20,000 INR to 50,000 INR annually. Although it may vary. 

 PhD fees are one of the biggest problems in India because private universities charge up to 100,0000 INR per year. 

In self-finance college yearly fees ranging from 2,00,000 INR to 6,00,000 INR. You have to do your research for 5 to 7 year. Now imagine how much you have to pay. 

The fees include education fees, library fees, tuition fees and other university and laboratory charges. 

However, universities do not give you travel allowances, you have to pay yourself to travel for sample collection. 

For doing a PhD in a government university or college you have to pay around 8,000 to 10,000 INR per semester. 

Also, fellowship and scholarship options are available for some students. We will discuss it later in this article. 

Anyway, by doing some smart work and starting preparing for a PhD from day one of your master’s degree, you can easily clear NET or GATE. You can get admission in government quota easily. 

After completing all these steps and procedures, you have to decide whether you want to do a PhD part-time or full time . 

Notably, nowadays UGC offers part-time PhD only in some selected subjects and for some special cases. 

For example, If you want to do a PhD in biology, obviously you need to do research work in the lab. UGC has decided not to give part-time options in those subjects. Although, as I said in some special cases it can give. 

Some universities offer doctoral programs part-time as well. (there is a significant difference between doctorate and PhD. Read it here: Doctorate vs PhD ). 

PhD scholarship or fellowship in India: 

UGC has various scholarship and fellowship options for providing financial aid to students. If you prepare well and do some research before applying for a doctorate, you can get admission in PhD with a good amount of scholarship. 

The university gold medalist students are awarded the inspired fellowship by the university for getting a PhD. So as I said above, plan well from the first day of your master’s. 

Junior research fellowship in engineering and technology, a junior research fellowship in science, humanities and social sciences are two best options for financial aid. A candidate has to clear NET for that. With JRF-NET, you can apply to any university for a PhD. 

Besides this, UGC also provides financial aid for students of the minor community, OBC, SC and ST community. 

Maulana Azad national fellowship program is reserved for the minority students. Likewise, Rajiv Gandhi national fellowship is for SC/ST students. Also, universities give special scholarships to single girl child and women for higher education. 

Note: the purpose of giving reservation to minorities, special community (SC/ST/OBC) and women is to improve their financial and social status in society. Also, to empower and encourage the same. 

If you are not still eligible for any of the scholarship stated above. Don’t worry. There are other schemes as well. 

A candidate can propose a minor or major project to UGC. If your project is good UGC will give you funding to complete your project. 

Besides, there are other personal scholarships and fellowship options are also available at UGC. You can visit the scholarship and fellowship section of UGC here: UGC- scholarship and fellowship . 

Now the question is what amount it will pay? 

In the case of inspiring fellow students, UGC pays full fees throughout their research or PhD tenure. However, for other scholarships, the University grant commission pays a lump-sum amount of 25,000INR to 30,000INR per month. 

Duration for PhD in India: 

PhD is a length and time-consuming process. Likewise, in other countries, it takes around 3 to 5 years to complete a PhD in India. 

As per the university grant commission, candidates have to do their PhD research minimum for 3 years. Even Though your work is completed within 2 years (which is actually not possible) you still have to complete 3 years. Sometimes it takes 5 to 7 years too, for completing a PhD. 

The tenure of PhD depends on the complexity of your topics, your guides involvement and your hard work. 

As per my experience, it takes at least 4 years for a sincere student to complete a PhD. 

Structure of PhD: 

Let divide what you have to do during each year in PhD: 

In the first year, you have to complete your coursework. The coursework is based on the research methodology studies. No research work is conducted during the first year. 

Once you complete your coursework, you need to clear the coursework examination. 

Minimum 55% marks required to clear it, then after, every candidate has to submit the results to university. 

Now your PhD admission is confirmed. 

If you fail to pass the coursework, one more chance is given to you. If you fail to clear it within a year, your admission can be revoked. 

Now in the second year, you can start your research work. Initially during the second year, your major responsibilities are to collect samples, read and review research papers related to your topic and start making notes. 

Also, during the same time, you can start your lab work as well, if any. As per your guide’s instruction you can start working on your methodology. 

In the third year, you have to do extensive research work and try to complete your work within the first half of the year. Meanwhile, you need to start reviewing literature and start writing your thesis as well. During the same time, you have to attend seminars and symposiums. 

During the fourth year, you have to complete your lab work and publish a research paper too. 

Unless your research published, you can’t go ahead. Now once it is done, immediately you have to present your research at international seminars or conferences. 

In the last and fourth year, your work is done, you just have to write your thesis. Read papers and start writing your thesis. Review your thesis weekly by your supervisor. 

However, writing a PhD thesis is still tedious work. Read our guide on how to write a PhD thesis . 

In the second phase of the fourth year, you can submit your thesis (once university approved it). And you can appear for viva voce. 

At the end of the 4th year or starting of the fifth year, your viva got completed. If your thesis is not rejected or major indications are not given. 

As I said, ideally if you work sincerely you can complete your work within four years. If you fail to do so, you may have to pass a couple of more years to complete a PhD. 

Now I think you understand why doing a PhD is not a cup of tea for all. You indeed need to be more sincere and hardworking for doing it. 

PhD courses in India: 

Engineering: 

Science: 

Other specialised subjects: 

Arts and humanities: 

Management and commerce subjects: 

Other subjects: 

List of universities for doing PhD in India: 

IIT- Indian Indian Institute of technology  

Indian Institute of Technology is one of the topmost universities across India. It is a type of public technical university and established on 15 September 1956 via the Indian Institute of technology act 1956.

The IIT is located in 23 cities in India. Among all, IIT Mumbai, IIT Roorkee and IIT Varanasi are very popular. However, other cities are Jammu, Mandi, Poddar, Delhi, Jodhpur, Kanpur, Patna, Guwahati, Kharagpur, Dhanbad, Indore, Bhilai, Gandhinagar, Bhubaneswar, Hyderabad, Goa, Dharwad, Tirupati, Chennai and Palakkad. 

IIT offers a PhD in various disciplines of technology. Major PhD subjects are electronics and communication, mechanical engineering, biotechnology and chemical engineering. 

Website- Council of Indian Institute of Technology 

IISc- Indian Institute of Science 

The Indian Institute of Science was established in 1909.  It is a type of public research university situated in Bangalore. IISc is the topmost university for doing research and higher education in science and engineering in India, Affiliated with UGC, NAAC, AIU and ACU. 

PhD subjects offered by IISc: 

Biochemistry, Molecular reproduction; development and genetics, microbiology and cell biology, neuroscience, materials research, organic chemistry, mathematics, physics, computational and data science, chemical engineering, civil engineering, earth science, climate change and other. 

For more detail please visit the official website: Indian Institute of science.

IIM- Indian Institute of management  

The IIM was established to study management and related subjects in India. It is situated at Jammu, Amritsar, Sirmaur, Kashipur, Rohtak, Udaipur, Ahmedabad, Lucknow, Shillong, Bodh Gaya, Ranchi, Calcutta, Indore, Nagpur, Sambalpur, Visakhapatnam, Bangalore, Kozhikode and Tiruchirappalli.

They offer PhD programs for Finance & accounting, information system, decision science, economics and social science, marketing, production and operational management, public policy, strategy and entrepreneurship. 

Visit the official website of IIM- Indian Institute of Management .

University of Delhi 

The university of Delhi often known as Delhi University (DU) was established in 1922 by the central legislative assembly act. It is a type of collegiate public central university of India, provides various graduation, postgraduate and PhD courses. The Delhi University offers PhD programs in various disciplines of science, commerce, arts and management. 

Visit the official website of the Delhi University for a full list of subjects offered by them: University of Delhi -list of PhD subjects.

Banaras Hindu University 

The Banaras Hindu University was established in 1916 by Mohan Malaviya with the help of Annie besant. BHU is one of the top Hindu University of India located in Varanasi, Uttarpradesh.

Interestingly, it is one of the largest residential universities in Asia with more than 30,000 students living within campus. A type of open public university BHU provides various undergraduate, postgraduate and PhD courses in various subjects. 

Major PhD subjects are Education, management studies, Sanskrit, Environment & sustainable development, Ayurveda, medicine, science, social science, dental science, Agriculture and Arts. 

Visit the official website of Banaras Hindu University for more details on various subjects offered by them- Banaras Hindu University- PhD subjects . 

PhD notification and announcements- Banaras Hindu University .

Punjab University 

Punjab University was established in 1882 as a public university. It was relocated in Chandigarh in 1947 after the partition. PU is one of the oldest universities in India.

It provides various graduation, postgraduate and PhD courses in Arts, science, commerce and engineering. Some of the PhD programs at PU are Arts, law, medical science, Pharmaceutical science, Design & fine arts, business & management and science. 

For more detail visit the official website of Punjab University- Punjab University- PhD . 

GTU- Gujarat Technical University

GTU was established in 2007 as the governing body for technical courses, especially in Gujarat.

It is a state university which affiliated courses majorly engineering, Pharmacy and other technical subjects. GTU provides PhD programs in various subjects of engineering. 

Visit the official site of GTU- Gujarat Technical University .

University of Kerala: 

The University of Kerala was established in 1937 by Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma, affiliated to UGC. Formerly It was known as the University of Travancore.

It’s situated in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. Notably, It was established before the birth of Kerala state.  The university provides various PhD programs in different disciplines of science, arts and commerce. 

For more detail visit the official webpage of KU- Research Portal- Kerala university .

Besides, other well known and reputed universities are enlisted here: 

• Amity university 
• Anna university 
• Birla institute of technology and science 
• Manipal university 
• Calicut university 
• Chaudhary Charan Singh university 
• ICFAI university 
• University of Lucknow 
• Jaipur national university 
• Gujarat technical university 
• Gujarat university 
• Jawaharlal Nehru university 
• University of Calcutta 
• University of Mumbai 
• AIIMS 
• Amity school of engineering and technology 
• Chandigarh university 
• MMU, Ambala 
• Institute of microbial technology 
• PEC university of technology 

We will discuss the various PhD courses in our next articles with their fees structure, scholarship option and other information. 

Conclusion:

As I said, doing a PhD in India is a tedious process. Still, It is a good hierarchy. Fees are fair, the process is good and supervisors are talented. So for brilliant students, doing a PhD in India is a good option. Further, Due to the complexity of the process, the chance of corruption is very less.

Dr. Tushar Chauhan is a Scientist, Blogger and Scientific-writer. He has completed PhD in Genetics. Dr. Chauhan is a PhD coach and tutor.

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Dr Tushar Chauhan

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Unlocking the Ph.D. Journey: A Comprehensive Guide

Introduction

PhD ( PhD full form : Doctor of Philosophy) is an academic doctoral degree. A PhD programme typically lasts three years, with students expected to complete the programme in five to six years. The course duration, however, may differ from one institute to the next. 

Importance of pursuing a PhD

PhD, or Doctor of Philosophy, is a research degree that is pursued to further academic or research endeavors. Before enrolling in this course, one must first grasp the requirements of the course. After completing a PhD, one can pursue higher-paying careers such as academia or research. 

Courses Highlights

Exploring different types of phd programs.

 PhD programs are available in a wide range of disciplines, including natural sciences, social sciences, humanities, engineering, and more. It’s essential to explore various programs to find the one that aligns with your research interests and career goals. 

Understanding the course duration and structure

The duration of PhD programs can vary depending on the field of study, research area, and individual progress. Typically, a full-time PhD program lasts for about 3-5 years. 

Specializations and interdisciplinary options

PhD programs often offer opportunities for specialization within a broader field of study. This allows students to focus their research on specific areas of interest and become experts in niche topics. Additionally, interdisciplinary options are available, enabling students to combine multiple disciplines to address complex research questions. 

All about PhD: Full-Time, Part-Time Research Scholars, and Admission Process

In India, there are three different types of PhD programmes. Full-time, part-time, and online PhD programmes are among them. 

Full-Time PhD

• A typical Doctor of Philosophy programme is a full-time PhD. These programmes last anywhere from four to six years.
• Compared to other options for earning a PhD, a full-time doctor of philosophy programme has the most expensive tuition.
• The majority of candidates want to enroll in a full-time PhD programme, including those who have received government or semi-government fellowships, institute research scholars with teaching assistance, and self-financed candidates. 

Part-Time PhD

• Part-Time PhD programmes can occasionally be completed part-time. The majority of Part-Time PhDs are awarded to candidates who are employed by reputable research organizations, academic institutions, and businesses that are ideally adjacent to the university. 
• Since part-time doctoral students must complete the same quantity of academic credits and other prerequisites as full-time students, a part-time PhD typically takes 7-8 years to accomplish.

PhD admission 2023 in India process

The PhD admission 2023 involves several common steps. 

• Firstly, research and identify potential programs and faculty members whose research aligns with your interests. 
• Check the eligibility criteria, including educational qualifications, prerequisite coursework, standardized test scores, language proficiency, and work experience. Establish contact with potential supervisors to discuss your research ideas. 
• Prepare application materials such as an application form, statement of purpose, letters of recommendation, transcripts, standardized test scores, resume/CV, and writing samples. 
• Submit your application by the deadline, and the selection committee will review applications based on academic qualifications, recommendations, statement of purpose, etc. 

Eligibility Criteria

Only candidates who have earned a master’s degree in a field or stream that is related to the PhD course of study are qualified to enroll in it. Additionally, some colleges stipulate that in order to enroll in one of their PhD programmes, applicants must have earned an MPhil to get PhD eligibility. 

Top Entrance Exams for PhD 2023

In India, there are several entrance exams conducted for PhD admission 2023 in various disciplines. Here are some of the top PhD entrance exams in 2023  in India:

National Eligibility Test (NET): 

The National Eligibility Test is conducted by the National Testing Agency (NTA) on behalf of the University Grants Commission (UGC). NET is a common entrance exam for eligibility for Assistant Professor positions and for Junior Research Fellowship (JRF) in Indian universities and colleges. Qualifying in NET can often serve as a prerequisite for PhD admission in 2023 in India. 

• Exam pattern and syllabus : NET is conducted in multiple subjects and follows a computer-based test format. It consists of two papers – Paper 1 (General Aptitude) and Paper 2 (Subject-specific). Both papers are objective-type (multiple-choice questions).

The syllabus for Paper 1 includes teaching and research aptitude, reasoning ability, comprehension, and general awareness. The syllabus for Paper 2 is specific to the chosen subject.

• Important dates and application process for each of them: The exam is conducted twice a year, usually in June and December. The exact dates, along with the application deadline and release of notification, can be found on the official NTA website.

Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE): 

While GATE is primarily conducted for admission to postgraduate programs in engineering and technology, many universities and research institutions in India also accept GATE scores for PhD admissions. GATE is conducted jointly by the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) and various Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs).

• Exam pattern and syllabus: GATE is a computer-based test that assesses the comprehensive understanding of undergraduate subjects in engineering, technology, and architecture. The exam consists of multiple-choice questions and numerical answer-type questions.

The syllabus is specific to the chosen subject, and it covers various topics related to the discipline.

• Important dates and application process of each of them: GATE is conducted annually in February. The official notification, application start date, application deadline, and exam dates can be found on the GATE organizing institute’s official website.

Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-UGC NET: 

CSIR-UGC NET is conducted by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) in coordination with the UGC. It is specifically aimed at granting eligibility for lectureship and Junior Research Fellowship (JRF) to candidates in science and technology disciplines.

• Exam pattern and syllabus: CSIR-UGC NET is a computer-based test comprising multiple-choice questions. The exam is conducted in various science subjects.

The syllabus is discipline-specific and covers various topics in science and technology.

• Important dates and application process of each of them: CSIR-UGC NET is conducted twice a year, typically in June and December. The official notification, application start date, application deadline, and exam dates can be found on the official CSIR website.

Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) AIEEA-PG: 

The All India Entrance Examination for Admission to Postgraduate (AIEEA-PG) is conducted by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) for admission to PhD programs in agricultural and allied sciences.

• Exam pattern and syllabus: AIEEA-PG is a computer-based test with multiple-choice questions. The exam focuses on agricultural and allied sciences.

The syllabus covers subjects related to agricultural sciences, including agricultural engineering, horticulture, agronomy, veterinary sciences, etc.

• Important dates and application process for each of them: The AIEEA-PG exam is usually held in May or June. The official notification, application start date, application deadline, and exam dates can be found on the official ICAR website.

Joint Admission Test (JAM): 

JAM is conducted by various Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) for admission to postgraduate programs in science. Some IITs also offer integrated PhD programs where JAM scores may be considered for admission.

• Exam pattern and syllabus: JAM is a computer-based test with multiple-choice questions and numerical answer-type questions. The exam covers various subjects in science.

The syllabus is specific to the chosen subject and includes topics related to that discipline.

• Important dates and application process of each of them: JAM is conducted in February. The official notification, application start date, application deadline, and exam dates can be found on the official JAM organizing institute’s website.

Syllabus for PhD

The syllabus for the PhD programme will be determined by the subject chosen by the student. It is worth noting that the PhD studies are accessible in nearly all major fields, including physics, chemistry, mathematics, bio-sciences, clinical research, zoology, applied sciences, economics, social work, literature, arts, psychology, and social sciences.

Topics for the research paper could include:

• Introduction to the subject
• Research Design
• Research Foundation
• Quality Standards
• Measuring Structure and Size

Popular PhD Programs

Popular PhD courses in India can vary based on the specific field and institution. However, here are three examples of popular PhD programs across different disciplines:

PhD in Computer Science

The PhD program in Computer Science is highly sought after due to the increasing importance of computer science in various industries. This program focuses on advanced research and development in areas such as algorithms, artificial intelligence, data science, cybersecurity, and software engineering.

• Key features: Key features include advanced research opportunities in areas like algorithms, artificial intelligence, data science, and software engineering, collaboration with industry partners, and the guidance of experienced faculty members.
• Specializations offered: Specializations offered may include algorithms, artificial intelligence, data science, machine learning, computer vision, cybersecurity, software engineering, human-computer interaction, and bioinformatics.

PhD in Biomedical Sciences

The PhD program in Biomedical Sciences attracts students interested in biomedical research, healthcare innovation, and the advancement of medical knowledge. This interdisciplinary program focuses on topics such as molecular biology, genetics, physiology, pharmacology, and bioinformatics.

• Key features: Key features include access to state-of-the-art research facilities, collaborations with healthcare institutions for clinical research, and opportunities for publishing research findings and presenting at conferences.
• Specializations offered: Specializations offered may include molecular biology, genetics, biochemistry, pharmacology, neuroscience, immunology, microbiology, biomedical engineering, biotechnology, and clinical research.

PhD in Psychology

The PhD program in Psychology is popular among students interested in understanding human behavior, cognition, and mental processes. This program covers various subfields of psychology, including clinical psychology, cognitive psychology, social psychology, developmental psychology, and neuroscience.

• Key features: Key features include a research-driven curriculum, emphasis on research design and data analysis, clinical training (for clinical psychology specialization), and close collaboration with faculty mentors for guidance throughout the doctoral journey.
• Specializations offered: Specializations offered may include clinical psychology, cognitive psychology, social psychology, developmental psychology, neuropsychology, counseling psychology, organizational psychology, forensic psychology, health psychology, and experimental psychology.

PhD Course Structure

A PhD course typically consists of a structured program that enables students to pursue advanced research in a specific field. The course structure can vary depending on the university and discipline but generally includes a combination of coursework and independent research. Students typically start with foundational courses to build expertise in their field, followed by more specialized coursework related to their research area. They are also expected to undertake independent research under the guidance of a supervisor, culminating in the completion of a doctoral dissertation. Additionally, PhD students may be required to participate in seminars, workshops, and conferences to enhance their knowledge and engage with the academic community.

Top Colleges for PhD

The top universities in India which offer the country’s top doctor of philosophy programmes are: 

1. IIT Bombay PhD

The minimum requirement for applying is 60% overall in the master’s degree, and the candidate is chosen based on their performance on the GATE, CEED, and UGC-NET exams. A GATE score of at least 660 must be legitimate. PhD fees in India cost INR 1.83 lakh in total. Candidates must have a master’s degree and pass one of the following exams at IIT Bombay: CEED, GATE, or UGC-NET. 

• Reputation and rankings: IIT Bombay is one of the premier institutes in India, consistently ranked among the top engineering institutions globally. It has a strong reputation for its rigorous academic programs, research excellence, and renowned faculty members.
• Research facilities and resources: IIT Bombay offers world-class research facilities and resources to its PhD students. The institute has well-equipped laboratories, cutting-edge technology, and access to a vast range of research databases. It encourages interdisciplinary collaboration and provides ample opportunities for students to engage in high-impact research.

2. IISC Bangalore PhD

MSc or an equivalent degree in Physical Sciences, Mathematical Sciences, or Chemical Sciences, BE/B Tech or an equivalent degree in any subject, or graduates of 4-year Bachelor of Science programmes, is the minimum requirement for IISC Bangalore’s PhD Science programme. Without the need for any additional National Entrance Tests, graduates of any course with a minimum four-year duration and a minimum CGPA of 8.0 are qualified to apply to the normal Ph. D. programme.

• Reputation and rankings: IISc Bangalore is a prestigious institution known for its excellence in research and innovation. It consistently ranks among the top scientific research institutions in India and is recognized globally for its academic contributions.
• Research facilities and resources: IISc Bangalore provides outstanding research facilities and resources to its PhD students. It houses state-of-the-art laboratories, advanced equipment, and access to extensive scientific literature. 

Both online and offline applications are accepted for the VTU Ph.D. programme. The needed 6.5 CGPA is the minimal requirement for eligibility. Selection will be based on prior performance and work history. The PhD admission 2023 is merit-based. Karnataka state candidates must pay PhD course fees of INR 7,970 while those from other states must pay INR 19,470.

• Reputation and rankings : VTU (Visvesvaraya Technological University) is a respected institution in India, known for its focus on technical education and research. It has gained recognition for its quality programs and contributions to various engineering and technology fields. 
• Research facilities and resources: VTU provides research facilities and resources to support the PhD programs. It has well-equipped laboratories, access to relevant research literature, and opportunities for collaboration with industry and academia.

4. Bangalore University PhD

The results of the PhD entrance 2023  administered by the university and the performance in the interview are used to determine admission. Candidates must receive a score of at least 50 percent out of 100 to be eligible to take the exam. The Ph. D Entrance Test is not required for applicants who have passed the CSIR NET, UGC NET, SLET, KSET, GATE, JRF, or hold an approved M. Phil. degree.

• Reputation and rankings: Bangalore University is a reputable institution with a long-standing history of academic excellence. It is recognized as one of the top universities in India, offering diverse programs across various disciplines.
• Research facilities and resources: Bangalore University provides research facilities and resources to support PhD students in their research endeavors. It has well-equipped laboratories, access to libraries and research databases, and a supportive academic community.

5. Amity University PhD

Amity University PhD admission 2023 is accepted twice a year, in January and July. The PhD application form 2023 must only be completed and submitted online. A Master’s or M.Phil Degree in the relevant discipline from any authorized Indian or Foreign University with 55% marks is necessary for admission to a PhD Programme. Eligible candidates will be required to participate in the Selection Process, which will include a PET (Ph.D. Entrance Test) and an Interview round, in accordance with the UGC’s PhD Guidelines.

• Reputation and rankings: Amity University is a leading private university in India, known for its multidisciplinary approach and emphasis on research-driven education. It has gained recognition for its academic programs and industry partnerships.
• Research facilities and resources: The university has well-equipped laboratories, access to industry-standard equipment, and collaborations with industry partners. It provides a vibrant research environment with opportunities for interdisciplinary research, conferences, and workshops.

PhD Career Scope and Job Profiles

After completing the PhD programme, job opportunities in all major fields are expected to improve. Also, keep in mind that the PhD programme provides the candidate with a research foundation, which may lead to more job chances. 

Here are some of the most common jobs for PhD holders:

• Teaching jobs
• Government jobs
• Financial managers
• Work as consultants at corporate firms and companies
• Become a research associate
• Product Manager
• Development writer
• Assistant Director, learning programs
• Program officer of Think Tanks, Foundations, etc.

Average Salary Offered

Check below for the list of PhD jobs and the average salary offered for the respective job profiles.

1. How long does it take to complete a PhD?

A Ph.D. from India normally takes about six years. However, depending on the subject, programme, and location, the average time to finish a PhD might vary, with some programmes lasting longer than others. A doctorate student’s PhD might take anywhere from six to twelve years to finish.

2. Can I work while pursuing a PhD?

Yes, it is possible to work while pursuing a PhD. Many PhD students work as teaching or research assistants to supplement their income. However, it is important to balance work and study to avoid becoming overwhelmed with the demands of both.

3. What are the funding options for PhD programs?

Funding options for Ph.D. programs can vary depending on the country, institution, and field of study. Some options include university scholarships, research grants, teaching/research assistantships, government fellowships, and student loans. Generally, Ph.D. students should explore all possible funding sources to find the option that best suits their financial needs.

4. How do I choose a research topic for my PhD?

Choosing a Ph.D. research topic can be difficult and requires considerable thinking. Ph.D. candidates should consider selecting a topic that is relevant to their interests, experiences, and research objectives. Students should also assess the project’s feasibility, the availability of funds and resources, and the possible impact of the research. 

In conclusion, we have discussed various aspects related to pursuing a PhD. It is important to keep in mind that each PhD program may have its own specific requirements and guidelines, so it is advisable to refer to your institution or program for detailed information.

For aspiring PhD candidates, pursuing a doctoral degree is a bold and admirable endeavor. Surround yourself with mentors, advisors, and peers who can provide guidance and support throughout your journey. Embrace challenges and setbacks as opportunities for growth, and stay motivated by envisioning the impact your research can have on your field and society as a whole.

As you embark on the path towards obtaining a PhD, always remember that you have the potential to contribute new knowledge and make a meaningful impact through your research. The pursuit of a PhD is a transformative experience that shapes not just your academic and professional life but also your personal growth. Stay focused, stay motivated, and believe in yourself. 

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• Biological Sciences
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Department/Centre/Unit: Biochemistry, Centre for Ecological Sciences, Molecular Reproduction, Development & Genetics, Molecular Biophysics, Microbiology & Cell Biology, and Centre for Neuroscience (BS).

BASIC QUALIFICATION FOR ELIGIBILITY: A minimum of first class or equivalent in Bachelor’s or an equivalent degree in Physical, Chemical, or Biological Sciences (including Biotechnology, Pharmaceutical, Veterinary Sciences, and Agricultural Sciences) or A minimum of first class or equivalent in BE/B Tech degree.

Areas of Research: Biomembranes – Physical and Physiological Studies; Structure-Function of Nucleic Acids; Gene Structure and Function in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes; Microbial and Human Genetics; Recombinant DNA Technology; Molecular Virology and Mechanisms of Disease Processes; Enzymology, Protein Chemistry and Engineering; Cellular and Applied Immunology; Molecular Endocrinology and Reproductive Biology; Conformation of Biomolecules and Biopolymers; Protein and Virus Crystallography; Structural Biology; Mathematical Ecology; Human Ecology; Behaviour and Sociobiology; Conservation Ecology; Evolutionary Biology, Ecophysiology, Plant Molecular Biology and Development, Imprinting, Molecular Oncology, Cell Biology. Neurobiology of diseases, Nervous System Development; Learning and Memory and Synaptic Physiology; Cognitive Neuroscience and Computation in visual and motor systems.

Department/Centre/Unit: Organic Chemistry, Inorganic & Physical Chemistry, Solid State & Structural Chemistry Unit and Materials Research Centre (CS).

BASIC QUALIFICATION FOR ELIGIBILITY: First Class in B Sc or an equivalent degree with Chemistry as one of the main subjects with Mathematics at the PUC or Plus 2 level.

Areas of Research: Ultrafast Chemical Dynamics; Theoretical Chemistry; Statistical Phenomena; Surface Chemistry and Catalysis; Chemical Kinetics; Solid State Materials Chemistry; Amorphous Materials; Nanomaterials; Ceramics; Super-Conductors; Biomaterials; Synthetic Organic, Physical Organic and Organometallic Chemistry; Chemistry of Transition & Non-Transition Metals; Bioorganic Chemistry; Chemical Biology;  Biomaterials and Biological Processes at Materials Interface; Supramolecular Chemistry and  Applications; Chemistry and Applications of Polymers; Electrochemistry: Principles, Electrochemical Energy Storage and Generation, Electrochemical Devices; Thin film devices;Molecular and Van der Walls Spectroscopy; Development of NMR Methodologies and Applications.

Department/Centre/Unit: Physics and Centre for High Energy Physics, Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics (PS).

BASIC QUALIFICATION FOR ELIGIBILITY: A minimum of first class or equivalent in B.Sc. or an equivalent degree with Physics as one of the main subjects or BE/B Tech or equivalent in any discipline.

Areas of Research: (A) Experimental Studies: (I) Condensed Matter Physics (Ii) Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, and (Iii) X-Ray Crystallography of Bio-Molecular Structures. Specific Areas Include: Raman and Other Spectroscopies; Fast Ionic Conductivity; Manipulation of Matter By Light, Laser Cooling and Trapping of Atoms, Ion Trapping, Precision Laser Spectroscopy; Magnetism, Spintronics, Magnetic Thin Films, Magnetotransport; Quantum Transport in Low-Dimensional and Disordered Materials, The Metal-Insulator Transition; Magnetic Resonance Phenomena; NMR Spectroscopy; Nanoscience and Nanomaterials; Superconductivity in Bulk as well as Thin Films; Semiconductors; Ferroelectricity, Crystal Growth Studies, Nonlinear Optical Materials, Multiferroics; Phase Transition Studies, High Pressure and Low Temperature Studies, Study of Low Dimensional Materials, Amorphous Materials, Novel Glasses and Nanocomposites; Soft Condensed Matter: Colloids, Surfactants and Biological Material; Peptide and Protein Crystallography, Complexation Studies and Drug-Nucleic Acid Interactions, Molecular Modeling, Database Analysis; Polymer Physics, Surface X-Ray Scattering, Surface Phase Transitions. (B)Theoretical Studies On a Variety of Aspects of Condensed Matter Physics, in Particular: Strongly Correlated Systems, Quantum Many-Body Theory and Magnetism, Exotic Order and Quantum Criticality; Phase Transitions, Equilibrium and Non-Equilibrium Statistical Physics; Disordered and Amorphous Systems, The Glass Transition, Neural Networks; Spatiotemporal Chaos and Turbulence in Fluids, Plasmas and Cardiac Tissue; Soft Condensed Matter: Colloids, Surfactants, Membranes, Liquid Crystals, Vortex Lattices; Biological Physics: The Mechanics of Living Matter; Molecular Modeling of Soft and Bio-Materials. (C) High Energy Physics: Quantum Field Theory, The Standard Model of Particle Physics and Beyond, Physics of and At High Energy Particle Colliders, Field Theory in Non-Commutative Space Time, Quantum Computation, Applications of Quantum Field Theory To Condensed Matter Systems, String Theory. High Energy Physics; Experiment. CMS Experiment at CERN; Large Hadron Collider. (D) Astronomy & Astrophysics: Theoretical Cosmology, Dark Matter, Dark Energy, Structure formation, Gravitational Lensing, Physics Around Black Holes, Nuclear Astrophysics, Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics, Physics of Compact Objects, Plasma Astrophysics, Computational Astrophysics, Galaxy Clusters, Galactic Astronomy, Interstellar Matter, Astrophysical Turbulence

Department/Centre/Unit: Mathematics (MS)

BASIC QUALIFICATION FOR ELIGIBILITY: First Class in B Sc or equivalent degree with Mathematics as one of the subjects or BE/ B Tech or equivalent degree.

Areas of Research: Numerical Analysis, Partial Differential Equations, Controllability, Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos, Probability Theory, Random Matrix Theory and Random Analytic Functions, Applied Probability and Stochastic Processes, Stochastic Control, Stochastic Dynamic Games, Stochastic Geometry, Interacting Particle Systems,, Time Series Analysis with Applications to Neuroscience, Mathematical Finance, Functional Analysis, Harmonic Analysis, Several Complex Variables, Operator Theory, Algebraic Topology, Geometric Topology, Combinatorial Topology, Commutative Algebra, Algebraic Geometry, Differential Geometry, Representation Theory, Non-commutative Geometry, Combinatorics, Mathematical Physics, Experimental Mathematics, Modular Forms, Analytic Number Theory.

Eligibility and Selection Procedure

• Eligibility
• Selection Procedure

Additional notes

(a) Candidates with a Bachelor’s degree in Biology/Biotechnology/ Chemistry/ Physics/ Mathematics/ Pharmacy/ Veterinary Sciences/ Agriculture as applicable to individual discipline, under the 10+2+3/4 system, are eligible to apply to this program.

(b) The minimum requirement for admission to the Integrated Ph D programme is a FIRST CLASS or equivalent Grade in the Bachelor’s degree (as declared by the University) as indicated against each department.

(c) The minimum requirement of FIRST CLASS in the qualifying examination is relaxed to PASS CLASS for SC/ST candidates.

(d) Some departments have specific requirements of subjects at the Bachelor’s or 10+2 levels. Candidates have to ensure that they meet these requirements.

(e) Those in the final year of their qualifying examination and awaiting results are also eligible to apply. However, they should have completed all the requirements for the award of the qualifying degree, including all examinations, dissertation projects, viva-voce, etc., by the time of joining.

(f) While the regular PhD program allows an exemption from GATE scores for students with a 4-year degree from a CFTI and with a >= 8.0 CGPA out of 10.0, this is not applicable to Integrated PhD programme.

The short-listing of candidates for in-person(offline) interview is done based on the performance in JAM 2024. Short listing for Physical Sciences is also done based on JEST 2024. The selection of candidates for admission to research programmes is through an interview to be held at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. To see Important Dates

Selection – For Biological, Physical and Mathematical Sciences selection will be based on the combined performance in the Test and in Interview. For Chemical Sciences, selection will be based only on the performance in the Interview.

Candidates written the following papers in JAM are eligible for the discipline(s) to which they seek admission.

(a) The interview letters for the short-listed candidates will be sent by email and the same is available on the Applicant’s interface after login to the Admission Portal. Such candidates shall make necessary arrangements for attending the interview. No separate communication will be sent by post. TA (second class sleeper class train fare) will be paid to all the SC/ST candidates who attend the in-person interview.

(b) Candidates called for an interview have to make their own arrangements for travel and accommodation etc.

(c) Candidates called for an interview should bring with them attested copies of all the transcripts (marks cards from SSLC or equivalent onwards, degree certificates of the qualifying examination, etc.) and produce them before the interview committee, failing which, they will not be interviewed.

(d) Candidates belonging to the SC/ST category should bring the original caste/tribe certificates, issued by competent authorities for purposes of verification.

(e) If you belong to Economically Weaker Section (EWS) – you must produce the original Income and Asset Certificate issued on or after 01 April 2024 by the competent authority at the time of interview.

(f) If you belong to OBC-NCL catregory – you must produce the valid OBC-NCL issued on or after 01 April 2024 by the competent authority at the time of interview.

(g) Candidate belonging to PwD (person-with-disability), KM (Kashmiri-Migrant) categories should produce the originals of the appropriate certificates, issued as per Government of India rules, and Kashmiri Pandit/Kashmiri Hindu Family living in Kashmiri valley should produce Kashmiri valley domicle certificate.

(h) The offer letter for the selected candidates will be posted on Applicant’s interface on IISc Admission portal under Application Status. You can download the offer letter and make necessary arrangements including payment of fees etc. No separate communication will be sent by post.

(i) The candidates admitted to the Integrated Ph D programmes should report to the Institute for completing admission formalities.

(j) At the time of joining, candidates should have completed all the requirements for the award of the qualifying degree including all examinations, dissertation projects, viva-voce, etc.

(k) Only candidates who produce all the mark sheets and degree certificates (original or provisional) issued by the University Authority will be given regular admission.

(l) Candidates who are awaiting results but have completed all formalities for the award of a degree should produce at the time of joining, a Course-Completion Certificate, issued by the Head of the institution (The Principal/Registrar). Such candidates will be given only provisional admission, which will be regularized on their producing all the marks sheets and degree certificates (original, or provisional) etc., issued by the University Authority on or before 31 October 2024, failing which, the provisional admission stands cancelled.

(m) Candidates who are given provisional admission are eligible for a scholarship only on regularisation of admission (on production of the required documents). They will be paid a scholarship with retrospective effect, i.e., from the date of joining.

NOTE: The results for some of the recent National Entrance Tests, such as GATE/ JAM etc, may not be available at the time of submitting the IISc admissions application. You must enter the available details of these exams, such as your enrolment/ roll number, paper, etc., in the application, but you may leave the score/rank/results blank. You will have the option to update your national entrance results in the application from the main “Application Status” page. You must make this update within 3 days of the results being declared.

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BITS Pilani is a Deemed to be University, offering on-campus programs to more than 18,500 students across its campuses in Pilani, Goa, Hyderabad, Mumbai and Dubai.It has been recognized as an Institute of Eminence by the Ministry of Education, Government of India in 2020.

QS World University Subject Rankings 2024 has ranked BITS Pilani globally at

• 101-150 in Pharmacy and Pharmacology
• 301-350 in 4 subjects namely, EEE, Computer Science, Mechanical and Chemical Engineering
• 451-500 in 3 subjects, namely, Mathematics, Business & management Studies and Physics & Astronomy
• 501-550 in Chemistry

In ǪS Asia University Rankings 2024, BITS has been ranked 215th in Asia and at 22nd in India. Further, BITS Pilani has been ranked among the top 300 in ǪS World University Graduate Employability Rankings 2022 and within top 6 in India.

Having pioneered several curricular and pedagogic attributes, BITS Pilani has a vision to be amongst the top research-led Institutes in the country. The qualities of innovation, enterprise, commitment to excellence, adherence to merit, and transparency, have characterized the Institute during its inexorable march to eminence.

The Institute has secured over Rs 398 crores as external research funding in the last 5 years. State of the art facilities have been developed to support cutting edge research, led by students and about 930 faculty members, leading to a Scopus h-index of 156, with 221 patents filed so far, and 41 patents granted. Currently, there are 14 BITSian Unicorns and 1 Decacorn. There are over 7500 BITSian founders and co-founders of enterprises.

Doctoral Programme (Ph.D.)

List of Candidates shortlisted for Ph.D. Admission Test and/or Interview is now available

Admissions portal open 01st march 2024.

Please click here for more information.

List of Candidates shortlisted for Ph.D. Admission Test and/or Interview is now available.

• CLICK HERE to know the Result.

Department preference with regard to the full-time and part-time Ph.D student admission is given in the table below.

Yes – A Department intends to admit students under the specified mode. No – A Department does not intend to admit students under the specified mode.

Minimum Eligibility Qualifications

ME / MTech / MPharm / MBA / MPhil (minimum of 60% aggregate)* MSc/BE/BPharm or an equivalent degree (minimum of 60% aggregate)* For admission into Humanities and Social Sciences, MA degree (minimum of 55% aggregate)* For part-time applicants, a minimum of one-year experience in the related field of study is required

[*In the Qualifying Degree examination]

In addition, Departments may set specific admission criteria for shortlisting. Meeting the minimum eligibility qualifications does not guarantee admission into the PhD program. Shortlisted candidates will have to appear for an admission test, which may comprise a written exam and/or interview. Information on specific Departments and related research activities is available on the Department homepage of respective campuses.

Full-time students

Preferably individuals who would like to pursue PhD in-house, residing on campus.

Part-time students

Preferably individuals who are working in organizations providing basic facilities and an environment for research.

Financial Assistance

Full-time PhD students admitted into the PhD program are eligible to be considered for an Institute fellowship of Rs. 34,000 or Rs. 37,000 per month in the first year based on their qualifications at the time of admission. Students admitted with M.E./M.Tech./M.Pharm./MBA/M.Phil. or an equivalent Degree are eligible to receive an Institute fellowship of Rs. 37,000/-. Students admitted with M.Sc./B.E./B.Pharm. or an equivalent degree are eligible to receive an Institute fellowship of Rs. 34,000/-. These students on successful completion of coursework will receive Rs. 37,000/- from the Semester following the one in which the course work was completed Higher fellowship may be made available in subsequent years. Consideration for Institute fellowship will be as per Institute norms. It will be obligatory on the part of every admitted full time student to undertake 8 hours (per week) of work as assigned to him/her by the institute.

Important Dates

The Institute reserves the right to change the above deadlines. Candidates will be informed in advance should there be such a change.

Department Brochures

Pilani campus – biological sciences, pilani campus – chemistry, pilani campus – chemical engineering, pilani campus – civil engineering, pilani campus – electrical & electronics engineering, pilani campus – humanities and social sciences, pilani campus – physics, pilani campus – mechanical engineering, goa campus – biological sciences, goa campus – chemistry, goa campus – computer sciences, goa campus – electrical & electronics engineering, goa campus – humanities and social sciences, goa campus – mathematics, goa campus – mechanical engineering, hyderabad campus – biological sciences, hyderabad campus – chemical engineering, hyderabad campus – chemistry, hyderabad campus – civil engineering, hyderabad campus – computer sciences, hyderabad campus – electrical & electronics engineering, hyderabad campus – humanities and social sciences, hyderabad campus – mathematics, hyderabad campus – mechanical engineering, hyderabad campus – pharmacy, top resources.

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PhD after BTech

• Updated on  
• Apr 4, 2023

Pursuing a PhD after Btech is for those who have figured early out the answer to “ What to do after BTech? ”. A doctoral degree helps candidates discover advanced-level research opportunities after completing a Bachelor of Technology (BTech) program through the integrated or combined PhD route rather than completing a master’s degree and then applying for a doctoral program. Pursuing a PhD program, individuals can work under professors at universities and organisations that demand research scientists, and associates, amongst others for various projects. Here is a detailed guide on the various aspects of how you can pursue a PhD after BTech and delve deeper into the field of Research directly after graduation.

This Blog Includes:

Overview of combined/integrated master’s and phd, phd after btech: routes of applying, phd after btech: how to apply, background & gpa requirements, how to do phd after btech, phd after btech abroad, eligibility for phd after btech  , colleges offering phd after btech in india.

• What Next After BTech?
• Why MBA after BTech?

In many universities, professors encourage students to pursue research by providing them with necessary exploratory tools and techniques. Further, integrated MS/PhD degree programs are also offered by many academic institutions and these courses have a comprehensive research-oriented curriculum and are designed with flexible duration ranging from 3-6 years and even 10 years. The course also encourages practical experience through research assistantships, projects and fellowships. Increasingly popular in the US, this degree is now being steadily offered at institutions all across the globe. 

Also Read: Integrated PhD

Individuals looking to pursue a PhD after Btech can either follow the traditional application process or opt for direct faculty recommendations. While the former has been discussed below, the latter involves reaching to faculty members of a university department directly. Typically considered as an informal path, the method of direct recommendation can lead to an admission offer if the research interests align, the professor is impressed by your projects and is willing to recommend the candidate to the admissions department of a university. Many professors at elite institutions invite candidates through this method.

The process of applying for a PhD after a B.Tech, apart from the method of direct faculty recommendation, is a simple one. While a prior background and coursework in Physical Sciences, Natural Sciences, Mathematics or relevant Engineering branches is a must, relevant industry experience, research projects are undertaken and extra-curricular activities are also preferred. While many universities adhere to the above criteria of admission, a considerable number of institutions do not have any restrictions as to eligibility conditions whatsoever. It is advised that prospective students get in touch with Leverage Edu experts and know about the exact specifications and updated information about their chosen program and university.

Admission to most programs of PhD after BTech prescribe a strong background related to the specific intended field of study. Common requirements include familiarity with advanced mathematical concepts like algebra, calculus etc, economics, software proficiency, statistical tools amongst others. A strong score throughout all post-secondary qualifications is highly recommended. However, if you have a score belonging to less than the recommended section, you can compensate it by stating the activities you undertook, assistantships, projects completed, languages learnt during that time etc.

• International Tests like GRE/GMAT/TOEFL/IELTS etc. A huge majority of institutions as part of the application process for PhD after BTech either require or recommend submission of scores of various international tests such as GRE / GMAT / TOEFL / IELTS / PTE etc.
• Letters of Recommendation/Statement of Purpose/Resume These form an essential supplementary part of an application that elaborates the motivations and interests of candidates and how they are suitable for the program. Further, Letters of Recommendation / Statement of Purpose / Resume helps the admission committee in understanding what a candidate aims to achieve through the program they are applying for.
• Research Proposal (optional) In some universities, the application process comprises a research proposal to be submitted that outlines somewhat the specific area of research the applicant is intending to pursue while at the university. 

Also Read: PhD Entrance Exams

When it comes to finding a suitable answer for how to do a PHD after BTech, the most suitable solution to this is having a strong profile during and after your BTech course. It is vital for one to show adequate experience in research for a PhD that you can do by showcasing your published papers for certificates of seminars along with the extra projects that you have made during your BTech. You can align the topic of your final year project as per the topic of your PhD research. Make sure that the work you carry out under guidance corresponds to a letter of recommendation to you that will help you uplift your profile. 

The selection of major and minor subjects also help the students presenting their direct m application for PhD. Stating that your major subject of BTech course aligns with your research domain I will help you elevate your candidature. Since you will not be having a proper degree of masters, possessing peripheral knowledge or a stronghold over the concepts that are taught in the master’s program for the same will also work as an icing on the cake. Do not forget to thoroughly proofread your statement of purpose and make sure that it aligns the best with your future endeavours. 

There are many leading academic institutions and research universities across the world that offer a wide range of programs for those wanting to pursue a PhD after BTech or their bachelor’s degree completion. Here is a list of major global research universities providing plentiful PhD programs in Science and Technology-related fields and specialisations.

Note: The above-mentioned universities as well as the academic institutions in Germany, Denmark , Canada etc operate with flexible admission requirements. This implies that the relevant admissions committee evaluates a candidate’s suitability with the program requirements individually and this means that in some cases, applicants might be required to have attained their master’s degree. Especially with regards to applicants from India, though there is no compulsion, they must ensure the suitability of their qualifications with the stated eligibility requirements given on the university’s official website.

Also Read: PhD in Computer Science

PhD after BTech in India is also known as Direct PhD that one can pursue after completing their BTech course. Those who are clear about pursuing a career in research and academics, this is one of the best career options for them in India. Leading Indian institutes like IIT, IIM, IISc, etc offer this advantageous opportunity of pursuing PHD after BTech to the students having an exceptionally great academic background.  let us now take into consideration what all is required to become eligible for Direct PhD- 

• The average score in GATE exam or other equivalent national exams is mandatory for students belonging to Non-Centrally Funded Technical Institutes (CFTIs). Whereas those who belong to CFTI may not be required to present a score in GATE or any other national-level exam. 
• At least 8.0 CGPA out of 10.0
• Only the student studying in the final year of BTech/ BE can apply 
• Well written SOP 
• Letters of Recommendation 

Listed below are the popular universities in India from where you can pursue PhD after BTech-

• IIT Guwahati
• IIT Hyderabad
• IIT Kharagpur
• BITS Pilani
• Chandigarh University
• Lovely Professional University
• Lingaya’s Vidyapeeth
• Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science
• Awadhesh Pratap Singh University

Ans. Yes, you can pursue Ph.D. after Btech in India as well as abroad. 

Ans. When it comes to posing a direct Ph.D. after Btech from India or abroad it is not necessary to have a master’s degree. Students having an adequate amount of research experience along with an exceptionally great academic background can pursue a Ph.D. 

Ans. The basic eligibility criteria for Ph.D. after BTech is-  -A good GPA score  -Adequate experience in research  -A good academic background with charming scores in competitive entrance exams -Statement of Purpose and Letters of Recommendation

Ans. Completing a Ph.D. in India usually takes 3-5 years. 

Ans. No, GATE school is not mandatory for pursuing a Ph.D. in IIT f the candidate belongs to Centrally Funded Technical Institutes (CFTIs).

We hope that this blog helped you understand the key essentials of pursuing a Ph.D. after BTech. Further, while going for a doctoral program, it is important to choose the right specialization and the university. Take the help of Leverage Edu ‘ s AI tool to browse through a wide range of academic institutions across the globe offering Ph.D. programs and find the right one that suits your interests and career aspirations.

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I thought to do phD, iam B. Tech graduated E.C.E 5year old at2015.

Thank you for reaching out to us. Please call on this number- 1800572000, if you want to find out the procedure and universities available to you for PhD after B.Tech.

I have 16 years of IT Industry exp, i want to pursue PhD but i had done my B.Tech in CSE. plz guide.

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Please contact our experts through this number 1800572000 to solve all your queries! Thank you.

I completed my BE(CS) in 1999. I wish to do phd. I do not have work experience. Can I apply ?

Please connect with our experts on 1800 572 000 and get the right career guidance! Hope this helps

Please tell me about the universities and colleges in India for PhD after BTech without the gate exam

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Everything About a PhD degree in India

• January 19, 2023
• No Comments

This guide will help you learn about PhD degrees in India and the various steps involved in applying for one. Whether you already have a bachelor’s degree or are still a few years away from earning one, there are many reasons to pursue a PhD Admission 2024 . PhD programs in India can lead to many opportunities in academia, research careers, and industry. You might wonder how much education or training it takes to earn such an advanced degree. The truth is that each country has standards for what makes someone eligible for admission into a doctoral program. That being said, here are some general guidelines that apply across the globe: 

Table of Content

• What is PhD Degree?
• Why pursue a PhD Degree?
• How to Choose Doctorate Program?
• Difference between MS in engineering and PhD in Engineering
• Areas of PhD Degree in India
• Requirements for PhD Admission
• Duration of a PhD Degree
• Is GRE Required For PhD Abroad?
• Registration Procedure for GRE
• Universities for GRE Scores
• FAQ’s

Related Content

What is a phd degree  .

A PhD degree is a postgraduate research degree awarded after a student completes a thesis. It’s the highest academic degree in India and requires at least five years of research work, including coursework and exams. 

The word “ PhD ” stands for Doctor of Philosophy , which refers to someone who has earned this title by completing his/her doctoral studies (or “literae humaniores”) at an institution with a faculty granting such degrees. In other words: if you want to earn this degree from any university or college in India, you must first get admitted into one of their programs as an undergraduate student before being allowed access into their PhD program. 

Why pursue a PhD degree?  

A PhD degree program in India is a doctorate, which requires you to complete three years of full-time study. It’s considered higher than an MPhil (Master’s in Philosophy), which takes two years to complete. 

A professional doctorate (PD) is awarded to those who have completed a master’s degree in their field and seek further training and research work at the postdoctoral level. The PD program provides funding for doctoral studies and research facilities necessary for advanced study. This type of program aims at developing the skills needed by professionals working in their field but who may not necessarily have completed all requirements for receiving an academic doctorate, such as teaching experience or publishing articles during their time at university.

How to choose the right doctorate program?  

The first thing you should do is choose the right doctorate program. Many factors need to be kept in mind while selecting a program and deciding whether it’s right for you or not. Here are some tips: 

Choose one that aligns with your career goals. If your goal is to become a professor, then you should go for an MPhil/PhD degree course in Philosophy or Political Science; otherwise, if it’s more about earning money than becoming famous, then go for Law or Business Administration courses instead of Humanities subjects such as History, Literature etcetera.* Choose one that aligns with your academic interests.* Selecting a program based on personal interest can also lead to success but only if these interests have nothing against academics like poetry writing competitions etc. 

Difference between MS, MS in engineering, and PhD in engineering  

MS in engineering (MSEE) and MS in chemical engineering are offered through the same department but have different names. The MSEE is an undergraduate degree that can be completed within 2-3 years for those with a bachelor’s degree. It is designed to allow students to study specific fields of science and technology so that they might pursue advanced degrees at the PhD level or beyond later down the road. 

The MS in Chemical Engineering takes up four years of full-time study after earning an undergraduate degree as well as having completed applied research projects at local schools or industrial sites around your town/city where you live; this type of program tends to be more focused on technical skills than theoretical knowledge since it focuses primarily on developing practical applications rather than theories behind them (e.g., how do we design new machines?). 

What are the different areas for PhD degree in India?  

• Engineering 
• Science 
• Business (i.e., management) 
• Humanities and social sciences 

What are some common requirements for admission into a PhD degree program in India?  

You need to fulfill several requirements before applying for a PhD degree in India . Some of them include: 

• GRE scores 
• TOEFL scores (if English is not your first language) 
• TOEIC scores (if English is not your first language) 
• TOEFL iBT scores (if English is not your first language) * TOEFL CBT scores * TOEFL PBT scores 

What is the duration of doing a PhD degree?  

The duration of a PhD degree depends on the subject you choose and the university you apply to. A PhD admission in 2024 is a 3-year course, meaning you must complete it within five years or less. 

If you plan to study something like literature or science, it will take longer than if you want to study social sciences or humanities. 

Is GRE required when applying for a PhD abroad?  

GRE is required for most universities, and getting your score as high as possible is a good idea. However, there are some exceptions: 

• PhD admission in 2024 doesn’t require the GRE (although some do). 
• PhD programs in China don’t require the GRE. 
• PhD programs in Germany don’t require the GRE as well. 

Do GRE scores matter when applying for a PhD abroad?  

While GRE scores are not a deciding factor for admission, they are used by many PhD degree programs to determine who they want to admit. 

So, if you have taken the test before and scored high on it, your chances of getting into a PhD program abroad are higher than if you had not taken it or scored poorly. However, this does not mean that those who do well in the GRE will automatically be admitted into any particular program on their application; all universities have different requirements and criteria for admission, so even if your score is above average (or even very high), there may still be other factors at play in determining whether or not you get accepted into a particular program (e.g., GPA). 

Some Questions related to PhD Courses in India

Yes, a PhD in Physics can be a difficult degree. The requirements for a PhD in Physics are high, and the coursework is challenging. You will need to be able to understand complex concepts and apply them to real-world situations. Additionally, you will need to be able to conduct independent research and be able to defend your findings in front of a panel of experts. Although a PhD in Physics can be difficult, it is also rewarding and can open up many doors for you in the future.

Yes, a PhD in English typically includes the study of linguistics as a component. Most English doctoral programs include courses in linguistics, including topics such as language acquisition, language change, and language theory. Depending on the program, students may also be able to specialize in linguistics and complete additional coursework and research in this field.

The top foreign universities that offer a PhD in Commerce are Harvard University, the University of Oxford, the University of Cambridge, Stanford University, the University of California – Berkeley, the University of Pennsylvania, New York University, Northwestern University, the University of Chicago, and the University of Michigan. Each of these universities offers an excellent program that allows students to explore the complexities of commerce and its various aspects, such as international business, economic theory, and marketing.

A PhD in Management is a research degree that allows you to focus on the study of management theory and practice. You’ll be able to choose from a number of different subjects, including: The nature of work Organizational change and development Strategic management Human resource management Theoretical models of decision making

A PhD in Computer Science is an advanced degree that requires a lot of hard work and dedication. The coursework is rigorous and the dissertation can be a long process. But, you will gain many skills that can help you succeed in your career in computers and software development. However, with the right attitude and support system, you can make it through!

Law is a very specific area of study, and you will need at least one degree in order to work as a lawyer. However, there are many different types of law degrees that you can earn, ranging from doctorate-level programs to undergraduate degrees. The most common form of law degree is the Juris Doctor (JD), which takes three years to complete. The best law subject for candidates is a doctorate-level degree, and the best law programs are those that offer both JD and PhD degrees. You can also earn an LLM, which is a master’s degree in law, but this is less common than the other two options.

Yes, it is possible. You can go for a PhD in Political Science after your Sociology graduation. There are many institutes that offer PhD programs in political science and you can get admission there. You can also go for an MA in Political Science after your Sociology graduation and then apply for PhD programs.

Yes, you can! Many universities offer online PhD in Biology programs. These are designed for students who want to continue working while earning their degree. You’ll be able to take classes from home and connect with your peers through video conferencing software. Aimlay can be your one-stop solution to pursue your desired degree (UG/PG/PhD) with offline studies or online mode. 

A PhD in Psychology is a doctorate degree that focuses on the study of behaviour, mental processes, and neural systems. The PhD in Psychology is typically earned after completing a series of courses and submitting a thesis. This can take anywhere from three to seven years to complete. This PhD degree is advanced that prepares students for careers as researchers, teachers, consultants, or administrators.

Yes, it is. There are many reasons why a PhD in Nursing is better for women than a Master’s degree in Nursing or a BSN degree. First of all, the PhD will prepare you for leadership positions as well as give you an edge on your graduate school application. The Master’s takes longer to complete and requires more coursework without providing any additional knowledge that would help you advance in your career.

How much do I need to score on the GRE to get admission to top universities abroad?  

The GRE is a standardized test that can be taken annually and determines whether students are eligible for admission into universities. This means that your score on the GRE is not as important as your GPA, which is determined by your school’s application requirements and thus varies from school to school. 

If you have decent grades across all subjects, then there is no reason why you won’t be able to get into any good university with an average GRE score of 1400 or lower (or even 1600). But if you don’t have such high grades overall in both theory and practice, then getting into top universities abroad will be much more difficult for you because they usually require higher levels of proficiency in math skills before considering someone for admission 

How to take the GRE in India, and what is the registration procedure?  

The GRE test is offered at many test centers in India. The list of GRE test centers in India includes: 

• Delhi (Noida, Gurgaon) 
• Bangalore (Bangalore) 
• Pune (Pune) 

GRE is also offered in English and Hindi languages. You have to register yourself for the GRE exam by paying a fee of Rs 1,200 or more depending on your nationality. You can also opt for the online mode, which will be convenient for you and those who cannot afford traveling expenses to take their tests at any center near them. 

Which universities accept low GRE scores?  

The GRE is a standardized test used by many universities in the United States and other countries. It measures your ability to analyze, synthesize and defend arguments. The score you get on this exam will determine whether or not your application is accepted by a university or not. 

If you are applying to a top university then your GRE score should be above average so that it shows you have the potential for academic excellence and leadership qualities required of students at these institutes of higher education such as Harvard University or Yale University (both are highly ranked). 

Finding out information and applying for PhDs can be challenging, but hopefully, this guide will help you.  

Finding out information and applying for PhD admission 2024 can be challenging, but hopefully, this guide will help you. You can do it! Don’t give up, don’t be afraid to ask questions, and don’t be afraid to ask for help. 

If you ever have any doubts about what direction your research will take, many online resources can help answer those questions. There are also many services available at universities around the world where students can get advice from experienced professionals in their field of study as well as other students who’ve been through similar situations before them. 

We hope this blog has helped you understand about PhD degrees in India and how to apply for one. It can be daunting, but remember that the process isn’t as difficult as it seems. If you have any further questions or concerns, please contact us today!  

• PhD Admission 202 4 : Complete Guide
• PhD Admission 2024: Essential Facts and Tips
• PhD Admission 2024: Significance of a PhD Degree
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• PhD Admission 2024: Are PhD Admissions Still worth it?
• PhD Admission 202 4 : 5 Tips to make PhD Less Scary
• PhD Admission 2024: A Degree Worth Its Weight in Gold?
• PhD Admission 2024: Importance of Time Management
• PhD Admission 2024: PhD in English Language
• PhD Admission 2024: Is PhD Admission Mandatory for an Assistant Professor?
• PhD Admission 2024: PhD in Physics
• PhD Admission 2024: PhD in Mathematics
• PhD Admission 2024: PhD in Commerce
• PhD Admission 2024: PhD In Management In India
• PhD Admission 2024: PhD in Chemistry
• PhD Admission 2024: PhD in Education
• PhD Admission 2024: PhD in Tourism
• PhD Admission 2024: PhD in Computer Science
• PhD Admission 2024: PhD in Law
• PhD Admission 2024: PhD in Political Science
• PhD Admission 2024: PhD in Applied Science
• PhD Admission 2024: PhD in Agriculture
• PhD Admission 2024: PhD in Architecture & Planning
• PhD Admission 2024: PhD in Biology
• PhD Admission 2024: PhD in Biotechnology
• PhD Admission 2024: PhD in Biochemistry
• PhD Admission 2024: PhD in Fashion Management Courses
• PhD Admission 2024: PhD in Biosensors
• PhD Admission 2024: PhD in Bioinformatics
• PhD Admission 2024: PhD in Automobile Engineering
• PhD Admission 2024: PhD in Agronomy
• PhD Admission 2024: PhD in Aerospace Engineering
• PhD Admission 2024: PhD in Advertising & Mass Communication
• PhD Admission 2024: PhD in Finance
• PhD Admission 2024: PhD in Economics
• PhD Admission 2024: PhD in History
• PhD Admission 2024: PhD in Theology
• PhD Admission 2024: PhD in Psychology
• PhD Admission 2024: PhD in Fine Arts
• PhD Admission 2024: PhD in Engineering
• PhD Admission 2024: PhD in Pharmacy

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PhD Course - Doctor of Philosophy

• Admission Process
• PhD Colleges

PhD, or Doctor of Philosophy, is an advanced doctorate-level course and the students are able to complete this course usually between 3-6 years. As per regulations, one can be awarded a PhD degree within 3 years of registration but it usually takes longer and it also depends on areas of research. PhD can be pursued in a wide range of subjects such as law, engineering, medicine, communication, mathematics, chemistry, anthropology, social sciences and many more. To enroll for a PhD program, candidates need a master’s degree and must clear entrance exams like CSIR UGC NET or JNUEE or the entrance examinations conducted by respective colleges or universities where students want to enroll for. PhD is offered by almost all the renowned institutions such as IITs, Jadavpur University, Delhi University and Jawaharlal Nehru University. 

• PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) Course

PhD course, or Doctor of Philosophy course, is a doctorate-level course that can take 3–6 years to complete, but can be completed in 5–6 years. The course can cover a variety of subjects, including law, engineering, migration studies, medicine, anthropology, and physics. To get admission to a PhD course , candidates must hold a master's degree. Further, PhD entrance exams like the CSIR UGC NET, UGC-NET, JNUEE, and others are used in India to grant admission to PhD courses. Among the top PhD colleges that offer admission to the course are IIT Kanpur, Jadavpur University, Chandigarh University, IIT BHU, Jawaharlal Nehru University, IIT Gandhinagar, and others.

PhD syllabuses vary depending on the subject chosen by the candidate for research; however, the every PhD syllabus is designed to encourage students to conduct research. PhD subjects include the Formulation and Investigation of multiple theses, including Western Philosophy, Modern Philosophy, Indian Philosophical Studies, etc. as well as guaranteeing the safe and well-resourced completion of projects and the development of theses from research. 

Candidates could previously pursue PhD courses through distance education; however, a UGC circular issued in 2017 stated that a PhD course pursued through distance education would no longer be recognised. PhD fellowships are usually granted to candidates who have passed entrance exams such as GATE, JEST, UGC NET, and others while pursuing their PhD. Furthermore, academic institutions such as IGNOU and Delhi University (DU) provide fellowships to PhD students who are enrolled full-time. Candidates may pursue a PhD course in any field of interest. PhD candidates must choose one or more topics, conduct extensive research on them, and respond to any questions that arise. 

PhD candidates conduct original research and write original theses on a given topic. In addition to their research, students participate in extracurricular activities, attend seminars, and give presentations. Candidates with a PhD have more career options in fields such as Research, Education, Literature, Civil Service, Politics, Communications, Human Resources, Advertising, and so on.

PhD graduates in the academic sector, can pursue PhD jobs such as Research Assistants, Assistant Professors, and Scientific Writers/Editors.  PhD candidates are employed by a variety of industries, including Academic Institutions/Universities, both privately funded and government institutions. They can also work in government offices as Policy Analysts or Data Scientists. Lastly, candidates can expect to earn a PhD salary ranging between INR 8 - 10 LPA.

Table of Contents

Phd latest updates 2024, phd (doctor of philosophy) course details: highlights, what is the difference between phd and doctorate, why choose a phd degree, phd course entrance exams, phd admission process in india, direct phd admission process without entrance exam, types of phd programs, top phd (doctor of philosophy) courses in different streams, types of phd research scholars, phd fee in india, phd syllabus & subjects, phd course structure, top ranked phd colleges in india, top private phd colleges in india, top government phd colleges in india, phd scholarships offered, sponsored phd programs, career options after phd (doctor of philosophy) degree, what is an online phd (doctor of philosophy) degree, faqs about phd.

Here are the most latest updates about PhD:

• The GATE 2024 Exam will take place on February 3, 4, 10, and 11, 2024. 
• JEE Main Result 2024 for Session 1 will be released on February 12, 2024.
• Furthermore, the JEE Main Session 2 exam will be held between April 1 and April 15, 2024, with the results announced on April 25, 2024. 
• The WBJEE exam date for 2024 has been announced. WBJEE 2024 will be held on April 28, 2024, as a pen-and-paper test. 
• The first phase of the AEEE exam is over. The AEEE phase 1 results will be available by February 10. 
• The second phase of AEEE 2024 is scheduled for May 10–14, 2024. 
• Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham will accept the AEEE application form 2024 for Phase 2 until the end of April 2024. 
• The OJEE application form 2024 has been released, and the deadline for submitting it is March 15, 2024.

The major highlights of the PhD course are listed in the table below. 

A PhD is not the same as a Doctorate. They, on the other hand, confuse people. The difference between PhD and Doctorate is tabulated below.

Pursuing a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) offers numerous advantages for students interested in a specific field. 

• It allows them to explore their subject in-depth and expand their knowledge. 
• PhD students have the freedom to dedicate ample time to their research projects without feeling rushed or pressured for immediate results. 
• One of the main motivations for pursuing a PhD is to enhance employment prospects, as it opens up career opportunities that may not be accessible with just a bachelor's or master's degree. These opportunities often require specialized research skills and extensive experience. 
• Furthermore, a PhD is often a prerequisite for those aspiring to work in academia as lecturers or university researchers. 
• If you have a genuine passion for research, a PhD can be a highly rewarding pursuit, providing a sense of enjoyment and fulfillment. However, it's important to have a clear vision of your post-PhD plans. 
• If you seek a new challenge that fosters personal growth, a PhD offers a unique and highly committed educational experience with significant rewards.

PhD programmes are highly competitive, and many students apply. Because a PhD qualification is a highly valued qualification that is not offered by many colleges, students compete fiercely for admission. Colleges use an entrance exam as a screening process to ensure fairness in the decision-making process. The following are some of the most popular PhD entrance exams:

• CSIR-UGC NET
• IISc PhD Entrance Exam
• JNU Entrance Examination
• BHU – Research Entrance Test
• NIPER PhD Entrance Exam    
• AIIMS PhD Entrance Exam  

The eligibility criteria for the aforementioned entrance exams vary because they are entirely dependent on the conduction body. As each college or subject has its own governing body, the format of the entrance exams varies depending on the specialization. Some general guidelines for PhD entrance examinations are listed below:

• There will be logical, reasoning, and knowledge-based questions on the exam. The test will be conducted both online and offline
• The papers will be objective, and if there are any subjective questions, they will be asked to assess argument and reasoning skills
• A university's/conduction body's syllabus, mode of examination, and question pattern may change.

PhD admissions are mostly chosen through entrance exams. There are a few universities, however, where admission is also based on merit. A candidate must be eligible for the course in order to apply for PhD admissions. PhD admission requires a Master's degree or an MPhil with an aggregate of at least 55% from any recognised university in the country or a foreign university. Candidates with an MTech or ME degree are also eligible to apply.  

To be able to apply for PhD admission 2024, candidates must meet the eligibility criteria.

PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) Eligibility Criteria

Candidates are only eligible to pursue a PhD if they have completed a master's degree in a related course/field/stream to which they are interested in getting a PhD. Some colleges seek candidates to have completed an MPhil before enrolling in a PhD course.

Other than that, many colleges state that candidates who have passed the UGC NET are eligible for PhD programmes offered by them. Candidates wishing to pursue a PhD in Engineering must have a valid GATE score.

PhD Eligibility Criteria Category-Wise

Some of the basic eligibility for PhD admission are mentioned below:

• Students must have a done Master’s degree (MSc/MTech/MPhil/MA/MBA) in a relevant subject, in order to study a PhD Course
• The student should have scored at least 55% marks or equivalent grade points in the PG course that he studied in any government-recognized institute. In case the candidate belongs to a reserved category (SC/ST/OBC), he/ she will be offered relaxation in minimum marks of either 5% or 10%, depending on the category
• University/college mandated PhD entrance examination needs to be cleared by the candidate to ensure a seat for pursuing a PhD
• In some university/colleges candidates that have work experience in the field of research are preferred highly and are given more preference

However, the following are a few examples of category-wise eligibility requirements for PhD candidates:

PhD Eligibility for Government/Semi-Government Fellowship Recipients: Full-Time Research Scholars

PhD scholars in this category are eligible for financial assistance through government/semi-government fellowship programmes

PhD Eligibility for Institute research Scholars with Teaching Assistance

PhD scholars in this category are offered Institute Teaching Assistantships as specified by the MHRD

PhD Eligibility for Self-financed Candidates (Indian/ Foreign)

• Indian self-financed: Indian candidates who self-fund their education are given seats in doctoral programmes offered by institutions based on their performance and experience. Such candidates participate in the regular admissions process for PhD courses in order to be offered admission to the institute's PhD programmes, but the institute does not provide them with any financial support
• Foreign self-financed: Only after they receive the required "no objection certificate" from MHRD, the Indian government, and other required approvals from India's Ministry of External Affairs, are foreign self-financed candidates offered admission through the embassy of their home nation.

PhD Eligibility for Candidate Sponsors

These PhD candidates are supported to conduct full-time research at the relevant institution by (recognised) Research and Development organisations.

PhD Eligibility for Candidates for Study Leaves

For a period of less than three years, government organisations, businesses, and educational institutions grant study leaves to applicants who fall into this category so they can conduct research at the designated institution. For admission as a PhD scholar in this category, the candidate's institute or employer must provide a letter of leave.

PhD Eligibility for ICCR Awardees

If they have been given a scholarship by their government, foreign candidates who are supported by their respective governments are given a seat in a PhD programme under the Indian Council of Cultural Relations (ICCR) award holders' category.

PhD Eligibility for Part-time Scholars in Research

The following categories are available for applicants at an institute seeking admission as part-time research scholars:

• Research Assistants
• Institute staff/ Faculty
• Project Staff
• External Sponsored Candidates

Steps to apply for PhD Admission 2024

PhD Admission 2024 is majorly based on entrance exam. The UGC NET, which is administered twice a year, is one of several entrance exams used for PhD admission. Admission to Central universities is available. JRF-GATE, the IISC PhD Entrance Exam, the VMOU PhD, the IPU PhD, and the IGNOU PhD are additional PhD entrance exams. A few universities also have entrance exams specifically designed for PhD courses. Applicants may also sit for entrance examinations like the GATE, NET, and CSIR NET to be considered for PhD admissions in India.

To apply for PhD or research course, applicants must complete the following steps:

Step 1: Go to the official website of the college or university, review all of the information about the PhD course it offers, and select the field of study you want to pursue.

Step 2: Candidates must keep a look out for any admission updates or visit the university's official website to complete their application for admission to the course of their choice.

Step 3: Candidates must then complete and submit their PhD application forms in accordance with the educational institution's timeline. Applicants must also submit all required paperwork and the application fee on time in order to be considered for PhD admission.

Step 4: Some colleges and universities may require a research proposal in addition to the application form. The application is submitted to the educational institution's research unit, which reviews it along with the research proposal.

Step 5: Following the review of the PhD application, the majority of colleges and universities shortlist the names of candidates who must appear for the entrance exam and other admissions processes that are held to select applicants for admission to the PhD course they offer.

Step 6: Candidates are assigned supervisors or guides for their PhD research after being admitted to PhD course based on their performance in the admission rounds.

Skills Required for PhD Graduate

PhD graduates must possess a set of skills essential for success in their careers, extending beyond their research proficiency. These skills are crucial for thriving in the workplace after completing their research. These skills include:

• Proficiency in quantitative analysis
• Strong research abilities
• Sharp analytical skills
• Capacity to handle high-pressure situations
• Effective interpersonal skills

In most colleges and universities, PhD admissions are decided by merit. A written 10+2 exam, a series of in-person interviews, and/or a qualifying exam relevant to the programme will determine which candidates are accepted into the PhD programme. Under such circumstances, candidates are usually selected on the basis of their academic standing and their results on a prior relevant exam.

In India, there are three basic types of PhD programmes. They are full-time PhDs, part-time PhDs, and online PhDs.

Students can check out below some popular PhD courses that they can pursue in different streams:

Popular PhD Course in Humanities

PhD in humanities consists of courses that critically examine human thought and culture. These courses usually deal with the effect of art, music, literature, the arts, and philosophy on the world we live in. Students pursuing a PhD in Humanities course must focus more on abstract questions rather than on technical skills. 

The students pursuing a PhD degree in Arts would learn and research in depth about the development of ideas and concepts, behavioural patterns and the challenges faced, functioning of a society, human interactions and relationships, etc. Students can check online some of the popular PhD courses in Humanities and Arts mentioned below: 

• PhD in Humanities
• PhD Economics
• PhD Geography
• PhD in Social Work
• PhD in English
• PhD in Public and Economic Policy
• PhD in Humanities & Social Sciences
• PhD in Psychology
• PhD in Arts
• PhD in International Relations and Politics
• PhD in Physiology
• PhD in Public Policy

Popular PhD Course in Science

PhD Science is a doctorate level course with a duration of 3 to 5 years during which students from MSc or MTech background can learn more about this field. It involves candidates to research any one of the PhD subjects like Physics, Chemistry, Biology, etc. 

At the end of the course, the student will have to submit the research thesis to earn a PhD Science degree. Students can check out some of the popular online PhD courses in Science mentioned below: 

• PhD in Chemistry
• PhD in Clinical Research
• PhD in Science
• PhD in Bioscience
• PhD in Bioinformatics
• PhD Biotechnology
• PhD in Mathematical and Computational Sciences
• PhD in Environmental Science and Engineering
• PhD Zoology
• PhD in Physics
• Phd in Mathematics
• PhD in Zoology  

Popular PhD Courses in Commerce

PhD in Commerce is a doctorate course with a minimum duration of two years with certain universities requiring the candidates to complete the course within five years of time along with the thesis or research paper. There are some universities that provide part-time PhD in commerce. 

The PhD in Commerce subjects provides a greater insight in the field of commerce and accounting, finance, forecasting, management and budgeting. These courses are better suited for someone with a commerce or business background. The course provides better quality education to the students so they can serve the needs of business and industry management. Two such popular PhD courses are mentioned below: 

• PhD in Commerce Management
• PhD in Accounting and Financial Management  

Popular PhD Courses in Engineering

If you want to focus on research-based education in the field of technology then a PhD in engineering and technology is one of the best options. It involves the development of new cutting-edge technologies or research methods that can create an impact on the world. It can also be a program that focuses on the student's own desired focus, such as on learning a very specific area of engineering or technology. 

Ph.D. in Engineering and Technology is a 5-year course. Candidates who wish to pursue a PhD in engineering and technology must have a masters degree or equivalent to this degree from a recognized university. Some popular PhD Course in Engineering are mentioned below:

• PhD in Engineering
• PhD in Genetic Engineering
• PhD in Civil Engineering
• PhD in Engineering and Technology
• PhD Electronics & Communication Engineering
• PhD Computer Science Engineering
• PhD in Electronics and Communication Engineering
• PhD in Information Technology
• PhD in Production Engineering
• PhD in Chemical Engineering
• PhD in Mechanical Engineering  

Popular PhD Course in Business & Management

PhD in Business and Management is a doctorate level course that includes the activities associated with a company, such as managing, leading, monitoring, organizing and strategizing. The duration of PhD in Business Management is usually 3-years. Some popular PhD degree in Business & Management are mentioned below: 

• PhD Business Administration
• PhD in Management
• PhD in Aviation Management
• PhD in Logistics and Supply Chain Management
• PhD in Accounting and Financial Management
• PhD in Marketing/ Brand Management
• PhD in Commerce
• PhD in Commerce and Management  

Popular PhD Degree in Law

PhD in law allows the students to enhance their understanding of the legal studies. The students are taught an overview of the subject, the nuances to proceed with the cases and how to go around while studying a case, and the outlook required while looking into its details. 

PhD in Law is a 3-year full-time doctorate programme in the field of Law. PhD in law provides students with the required training which helps them pave their way in gaining exposure in their field. Some popular PhD Course in Law are mentioned below:

• PhD in Constitutional Law
• PhD in Law and Governance
• PhD in Legal Studies  

Popular PhD Degree in Teaching & Education

• PhD in Education
• PhD in Teaching  

There are 2 types of research scholars in PhD:

Full Time Research Scholars

The details about full time research scholars is given below:

Part Time Research Scholars

Individuals who seek admission under the part time research scholars at an institute are offered admission under the categories mentione below:

• External Sponsored Category
• Institute Staff/ Faculty

In India, the average PhD course fee varies from INR 50 and 6LPA, with candidates typically able to pay the fees annually. However, the PhD course fee is set by the college to which students wish to apply. PhD fees vary depending on factors such as college location, facilities, faculty, and infrastructure. PhD programmes allow students to apply for scholarships from private companies, colleges, and non-governmental organisations. These scholarships benefit students by reducing their financial burdens and encouraging them to pursue their research. 

PhD syllabus will be determined by the subject chosen by the student. It is worth noting that the PhD programme is available in nearly all major disciplines, including Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Bio-Sciences, Clinical Research, Zoology, Applied Sciences, Economics, Social Work, Literature, Arts, Psychology, and Social Sciences.

The student will have approximately 3-5 years to complete their PhD programme. The student will be required to submit an original research thesis on a specific topic at the end of the programme.

Topics for the research paper could include:

• Introduction to the Topic 
• Research Design 
• Research Foundation 
• Quality Standards 
• Structure and Size

For your ease, we have included PhD syllabuses for a few subjects.

PhD Syllabus for Science Specialisation

The following is the PhD Syllabus or Doctor of Philosophy syllabus in Science. The programme lasts between three and five years. The syllabus is divided into semesters, and the PhD subjects covered are listed below. Each year is divided into two semesters.

PhD Syllabus for Management Studies Specialization

PhD Syllabus or Doctor of Philosophy syllabus in management studies course is mentioned below. The given PhD syllabus is semester-wise with the PhD subjects mentioned below. 

PhD Syllabus for Engineering and Technology Specialization

PhD Syllabus in engineering and technology is given below. The PhD course is for 5 years. The given PhD subjects are topic wise:

PhD in Legal Studies Syllabus

The Syllabus of PhD in legal studies is given below. The course is for 3 years. The given PhD subjects are coursewise:

PhD in Philosophy Syllabus

PhD syllabus in Philosophy course is given below. The course is for 3 years to 6 years. The given syllabus is paper-wise. There are 4 papers including elective exams with the PhD subjects mentioned below:

PhD in English Literature Syllabus

PhD Syllabus or Doctor of Philosophy syllabus in English literature course is given below. The duration of this PhD course is for 3 years to 5 years. The PhD subjects covered in this course are mentioned below. 

PhD in Economics Syllabus

PhD Syllabus of Economics course is given below.  There are a total of 4 papers with the elective exam. All of the papers along with various PhD subjects are mentioned below. 

The steps that candidates must take when pursuing a PhD course in order to be awarded a PhD degree are as follows:

• When candidates are accepted into PhD programmes at educational institutions, they must submit a research proposal as well as a research topic.
• Then, candidates are assigned a research supervisor or guide.
• Following this, the Research Programme Coordinator/Guide/Supervisor informs candidates about the Course Work, evaluation methodology, and teaching schedule.
• Most educational institutions require aspirants to submit six-month progress reports for their research projects.
• Furthermore, as a Research Student, you must give at least two seminar presentations during your tenure as a Research Scholar and submit a Certificate in the prescribed format to the Research Unit.
• Before submitting their PhD thesis, PhD students must first publish at least one research paper in a peer-reviewed/refereed journal and then submit a Certificate in the prescribed format to the Research Unit.
• Before aspirants submit their thesis, their supervisor or guide will host a Pre-submission Seminar. This seminar will be open to everyone. As part of this seminar, candidates will submit a report with suggestions for improvement, and the supervisor will ensure that all of these suggestions are incorporated into their final thesis.
• Candidates must then incorporate all of the changes and provide a summary of their thesis to their supervisor or guide at least 45 days before submitting the thesis.
• Finally, candidates must submit their thesis in both hard and soft copy. This thesis will be reviewed by external experts. If an expert suggests any changes to the research paper submitted by the candidate, he or she must resubmit a modified thesis.
• Then, a viva-voce is held, in which candidates can openly defend their thesis and present their points of view to a panel of experts.
• Candidates who complete all of these steps to perfection will only receive a PhD degree.

Here are some of the top PhD colleges, along with their average fees, listed below:

Note: The fees listed above are subject to change.

There are various private colleges as well from where you can pursue your PhD. Some of the best private PhD colleges along with their PhD fees are given in the table below: 

Given below are some of the best PhD colleges in India to pursue your doctorate. The PhD fees for the particular college are also mentioned in the table below: 

PhD students can apply for several types of PhD scholarships, including:

PhD Scholarships in India for Students

In India, there are numerous scholarships available for Indian students pursuing a PhD, offering financial assistance to ease the burden of funding their studies. Here are some notable scholarships:

• Prime Minister Fellowship for Doctoral Research: This fellowship, supervised by the Central Government, provides financial support to meritorious students pursuing PhD courses. Recipients receive a monthly stipend of INR 70K.
• Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Fund Scholarships: These merit-based scholarships support students pursuing doctoral programs in various fields such as Science, Sociology, and Philosophy, after completing their post-graduation. The scholarship is granted for a duration of 2 years and is available to candidates below the age of 35.
• ICHR Junior Research Fellowships (JRF): Provided by the Indian Council of Historical Research, this scholarship is for students pursuing a PhD in Historical studies. It involves an entrance exam followed by an interview, and recipients typically receive a monthly amount ranging from INR 16.5 K to INR 17.6K for a period of 2 years.
• Maulana Azad National Fellowship: This fellowship, offered by the Ministry of Minority Affairs, supports financially disadvantaged students pursuing research or doctorate courses. Eligible candidates must have a family income below INR 6 LPA and have completed their post-graduation. Scholars receive INR 28K per month for a duration of 5 years.
• NCERT Doctoral Fellowship for PhD: National Council of Educational Research and Training offers this fellowship to meritorious students to cover expenses such as tuition fees, accommodation, books, and other charges. Eligibility criteria include qualifying entrance tests like the NET exam and being below the age of 35. The fellowship is provided for a duration of 3 years, with a monthly amount ranging from INR 23K - 25K.

Students who want to be funded during their doctoral studies must pass the NET exam. Passing the NET Exam ensures a stipend from the Government of India, regardless of the university. After passing the NEET, the student receives INR 31K from the Central Government.

The following are some of the best PhD scholarships in India for students pursuing Doctor of Philosophy degrees:

PhD Philosophy graduates have a wide range of career options and higher-paying jobs as a result of the knowledge and experience they gained during their studies. Graduates of the PhD Philosophy programme can find work in a variety of fields, including research, education, literature, law, civil service, science analytics, and politics. Communications, publishing, and so on.

The most common PhD Philosophy job profiles pursued by graduates are research scientist and philosophy professor. PhD Philosophy graduates have job opportunities in both the private and public sectors. Top recruiters include IIT Patna, Mathworks, Archaeological Survey of India, Nalanda University, Election Commission of India, CNN, BBC, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories, and others. These top companies hire such professionals and pay them an average salary of INR 10-20 LPA.

Some of the major job profiles associated with the course, along with the average salary, are as follows:

Note: The salary mentioned above is subject to change.

PhD Top Recruiters

Some of the top recruiters of PhDs in India are listed below.

• Research Institutions: Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), and Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)   
•  IT Industry: Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), Infosys, and Wipro  
• Pharmaceutical Companies: Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories, and Cipla   
• Financial Institutions: Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), and National Stock Exchange (NSE)  
• Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs): NGOs working in areas like education, healthcare, environment, and social development may employ PhDs for research, program management, and advocacy positions

In India, the average salary for a PhD graduate is between INR 5 and 10 LPA. This figure, however, may differ depending on a number of parameters, including a job description, years of experience, and the city of employment. A PhD graduate's pay is determined by a number of factors, some of which are within the student's control. Participating in internships and accumulating work experience may increase the probability of being paid more. 

Below is an approximate PhD salary range for various job profiles after completing a PhD degree:

Online PhD degree is an advanced academic degree that can be earned online. It can be offered in full-time or part-time modes. Online PhD programs are flexible and convenient, especially for working professionals. They can help students gain advanced knowledge and specialized expertise to further their career. 

Online PhD programs typically require at least two years of study, and many set a completion deadline of 7-9 years. Students typically need to complete coursework, pass qualifying examinations, and write and defend an original dissertation. Online PhD programs can be more affordable than traditional PhD programs. Students can complete an online PhD in as little as three years, while traditional PhD programs can take up to eight years to complete. 

Some online doctoral programs offer a choice of two learning tracks. Students can take their time with the standard track, or speed through the program content with the accelerated option.

Furthermore, an online PhD is less expensive than a traditional PhD.

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Can i pursue a phd after completing my 12th grade.

To be eligible for a PhD programme, applicants must have a master's degree. Candidates may pursue a PhD programme in any discipline. In a PhD programme, students must choose a topic or subject, conduct extensive research on it, and respond to any questions that arise.  

How can I get a PhD?

7 Steps to earn a PhD are listed below:

• Get a Bachelor's Degree
• Get a Master of Education degree
• Find whether a PhD or EdD is right for you
• Take the entrance exam and apply to Doctoral Programmes
• Finish the Doctorate Degree Programme Coursework
• Conclude and defend a dissertation

Is a PhD considered a doctor or not?

A doctoral degree (PhD) is obtained after obtaining a master's degree. A PhD confers the right to use the title doctor.  

What is the duration of a PhD programme?

A PhD programme typically takes four to seven years, but this can vary depending on a number of factors. In certain disciplines, such as psychology, engineering, education, and mathematics, a PhD, or doctorate degree, is the highest level of degree you can obtain.  

What career options are available after earning a PhD?

A PhD holder can work as a researcher, scientist, professor, journalist, independent consultant, human services worker, editor, critic, lecturer, and so on. A PhD holder can also apply for jobs in the finance, government, and other sectors.

Which are the best universities for pursuing a PhD?

Amity University in Noida and Tata Institute of Fundamental Research in Mumbai are two prominent universities that offer PhD degrees. Some of the other universities are:

• Indian Institute of Science
• Bangalore Institute of Genetic Engineering, Badu (Kolkata)
• Chennai's KCG College of Technology
• Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi
• Kolkata Institute of Technical and Professional Studies
• New Delhi's Jamia Millia Islamia University
• Indian Statistical Institute 
• Chennai Mathematical Institute

What does a PhD entail?

PhD graduates may be able to work in other countries. If you have a PhD, any company will hire you because the PhD is currently the highest level of academic degree anyone can earn, and the companies see you as an expert in the subject.  

Is it possible to get a PhD without a master's degree?

Yes, a PhD can be obtained without first earning a master's degree. A number of universities provide direct entry into PhD programmes for students with an undergraduate or bachelor's degree. In some cases, specific schools or programmes may prefer master's degree holders.

How many hours per day do you commit to your PhD?

As a general rule, a full-time PhD will require 35 hours of work per week - the equivalent of a full-time, 9-5 job.

Is a PhD more challenging than a doctorate?

It is not simpler to earn a PhD than a doctorate. Both require effort and are different. It would be best to do some research on the subject you want to study. A doctorate degree examines an existing body of knowledge and theories developed by this knowledge, whereas a PhD requires years of original research.  

Do PhD students receive funding?

The fact that you get paid for pursuing a PhD is one of its biggest benefits. A PhD stipend is a monthly payment made to students to help with living expenses, research costs, and housing costs. The cost that is covered by a PhD stipend varies depending on the organisation and degree.  

What are the advantages of a PhD?

Having a PhD is a huge advantage. Don't let others baffle you. PhDs earn more money than non-PhDs and are in high demand. Trained professionals who understand how to create information rather than simply repackage it are desperately needed. Entrepreneurship and innovation are at record highs.  

What is the most difficult aspect of a PhD?

Every PhD student will agree that the most difficult aspect of the degree is staying motivated. You begin a PhD because you are interested in a particular subject.  

Can you be rejected from a PhD programme?

PhD applications are frequently rejected for a variety of reasons. This is not the desired outcome after all of your efforts. However, rejection is a normal part of the PhD application process.

What if you fail your PhD?

If you are not awarded a PhD, you may be awarded an MPhil instead. For this to happen, your work must be deemed worthy of an MPhil, as a Master's degree is still considered an advanced postgraduate research degree.

Is it worthwhile to pursue a PhD in anything?

A PhD can be detrimental to your finances, leave you in debt, and leave you with no clear path to success in certain fields. PhDs, on the other hand, earn more and have lower unemployment rates. A PhD also provides you with a world-class mind, a global network, and a skill set that can take you pretty much anywhere.  

What does a PhD degree stand for?

A PhD degree stands for Doctor of Philosophy, which is regarded as the highest academic course level.

What are the requirements for PhD admission?

The requirements to get into a PhD program are a bachelor’s degree with at least a second-class grade and a master’s degree with high academic grades.

Which university is known as the best university in India?

Indian Institute of Technology Bombay University is known for best university and No.1 University in India.

Is there any age limit to do a PhD course?

There is no specific age limit for PhD courses. It can be pursued at any age but the candidate should satisfy the eligibility criteria.

How many years does it take to complete PhD?

 A doctorate or PhD degree generally lasts for 3 years. Candidates pursuing the program are given a maximum time of 5 to 6 years to complete their research. However, the duration of the PhD courses varies institute wise as well.

What jobs can a PhD get you?

PhD can get you jobs in universities, labs, government sectors, research institutes, and many more.

Do companies hire PhDs?

Yes, many companies prefer a PhD candidate for senior-level positions.

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PhD, research and its upshot: How much quality do we produce?

The phd (doctor of philosophy), or the doctoral degree, is considered the highest educational degree in the world. india is ranked fourth globally, producing slightly over 24,000 doctoral graduates each year. but it still lacks quality research..

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A PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) is theoretically the highest educational degree all over the world. Also known as a doctoral degree, a PhD can be awarded to one after a master's or even an MPhil. A PhD enables a person to use the title ‘doctor’. The PhD research programme is supposed to aim to produce graduates who would contribute to the body of knowledge in their specific fields of study and develop innovative, theory-based, systematic, and practical solutions to the significant concerns of specific issues. Though it is challenging, it is also rewarding.

As per the most recent Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) report, less than 2 per cent of the world's population has a doctorate degree today. According to the US Census Bureau, only 1.2 per cent of the US population has a PhD, whereas Slovenia and Switzerland have the highest percentage of the population with a doctorate, at 5 per cent and 3 per cent, respectively. India stands tall in the number of doctoral graduates produced on a yearly basis, according to the recently released OECD report. Producing slightly over 24,000 doctoral graduates, India is ranked fourth against the USA, which produces 68,000 graduates and tops the list. An All India Survey of Higher Education (AISHE) report from 2019 revealed that the number of PhD degrees awarded has increased by 60 per cent in the last five years. The total PhD admissions increased manifold in the last few years from 1,26,451 in 2015-16 to 2,02,550 in 2019-20. A total of 38,986 students were awarded PhD degrees in 2019, which includes 21,577 male and 17,409 female candidates. 2,881 students enrolled in Integrated PhD programmes, in addition to 2.02 lakh students who enrolled in PhD degrees.

READ | UGC allows extension of up to 6 months for submission of MPhil or PhD thesis

WHY DO PEOPLE OPT FOR A PHD?

Is research necessary in everyday life.

Research is a tool for building knowledge and facilitating learning. It's a means to comprehend issues and increase public awareness. It helps to flourish in business and gauge opportunities. It allows to invalidate lies and support the justifiable truths. Research also develops confidence in many ways such as reading, writing, analysing, and sharing valuable new information and knowledge through nourishment and mind exercise. It is required not just for students, research scholars and academics, but for all professionals and nonprofessionals alike, to determine what the general public may want to know or what researchers want others to realise or think critically about. Thus, research is an indispensable component in producing knowledge. Through research, people get the latest reliable knowledge, build credibility, help in narrowing down the scope and introduce newer ideas, inculcate better judgement and problem-solving capacity, and finally, it can help one reach the common man by providing the best solution to societal problems. Therefore, research is the most reliable way to understand and act on the complexities of various issues faced by human beings from time to time.

DOES RESEARCH HELP HUMANKIND?

Every kind of information is important to humankind and it should be known and available to all. People should be aware of what is happening in and around the world. Research exists for humankind because it helps in understanding our society, culture, ethics, life choices, and newer developments, whether scientific or technological.

READ | Banaras Hindu University launches 'Teach for BHU' scheme to engage PhD students in teaching

Research in education has a very vigorous role to play because it is supposed to provide a systematic analysis, observation, and prediction and development of new theories, models and principles. It also initiates a learning-teaching atmosphere and expands the decision-making process, brings uniformity and motivates others if it confirms the right facts and figures. So, through research, overall improvements of an individual is possible, which ultimately leads to the development of humankind.

From the above argument, it is very clear that PhD research has its dependability and importance in education, especially when we speak about educational institutions. But, in today’s scenario, PhD research is not looked at as intellectual development. Rather, it is done for the sake of doing to earn a degree. That's because a serious methodology is not justified or rationalised and no newness and indigenous knowledge are produced through new models or theories. Therefore, the question is, how robust or actual is our PhD research?

Though research is compulsory in PhD, scholars often do not select or explore tough or new areas. They rather select an ‘easy-going’ area, problem or issue. It is also observed that in India, most PhD findings are not so good, with no newness in knowledge production. Why is indigenous knowledge through PhD research lacking in India? Why does India lack in quality research? That's the million-dollar question today in the intellectual arena, even though we know the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 talks about promoting Indic knowledge through indigenous empirical study.

THE WAY FORWARD?

At the very outset, I must say that quality should not be compromised in PhD research and that favouritism should be stopped at the entry level. Sometimes, preference is given to family members or friends, or to someone who comes with a recommendation from the higher authorities. This must stop. We must also have strong guidelines, both qualitative and quantitative, for an analytical entrance examination because multiple-choice questions in PhD admission are not enough to adjudicate a good scholar who might be a future faculty. UGC scholarship can be fixed to up to 4 years, and scholars must complete their PhD within the 4-year time. Because longer time does not guarantee quality research, and there is no scientific proof of it. I personally feel 4 years is enough for completing a quality PhD in social sciences. My personal Technical Suggestive Model is that the first year should be coursework and examination. the second year should be for tools development, pilot study and data collection. the third year should be thesis writing, while the fourth year should be for going back to the field (respondents) again to re-analyse those findings and outcomes for the development of new models and theories, that can then be presented at a seminar or journaled for exclusive rights or patent. I feel it will be the only way to produce new models and indigenous theories or Indic knowledge in India.

Also, let's look at the scholarship perspective. A one-year reduction means UGC will accumulate more than Rs 4 lakh from a scholar in a year. Imagine the amount of money that can be accumulated in total, and utilised further for organisational support for scholars in case of need in future — for example, a welfare or research organisation to work for a cause. Also, the money can be utilised for free schooling and scholarships for orphan children, and disabled students who lost their parents during the Covid-19 pandemic. Think seriously and realistically, and you may not disagree with me.

As per a Hindustan Times report, dated March 17, 2022, the draft UGC (Minimum Standards and Procedure for Award of PhD Degree) Regulations, 2022, has proposed several changes, including making undergraduates who have been in the four-year programme with a minimum Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) of 7.5 eligible for PhD admissions, and also removing the mandatory requirement of having the research paper published before the submission of the thesis. It could sooner or later compromise the quality of research. Even continuous changes of regulations may confuse and complicate things for the research scholars. I feel UGC should have long-term — maybe 10 years — robust procedural research regulations and then continuously monitor and evaluate to see the gaps, if any, along with proper checks and balances regarding quality publication.

READ | Jamia Millia Islamia PhD admissions from April 1 to 30: Know details

I sense educational institutions must admit only those students in PhD programmes who have a passion for research and rationality in the area, or want to work at the grass-root level with people’s issues and problems, not mediocre nor having UGC NET/JRF only.

Another observation is that rejection of thesis is very few in India, though it is written in the evaluation form. Let’s have an evaluation system that is very confidential. Supervisors often take advantage by giving the external evaluators names of a known person to easily complete the evaluation without any critical analysis of the thesis. I call it biases in the evaluation system. So, a strict system of evaluation should be developed after examining the areas of expertise of the examiners, even if it is an international examiner. There is a saying in India that thesis submission means it is done. This notion has to be changed now.

I always feel that PhD scholars should be given teaching opportunities at least a few times every semester, as a teacher's assistant or research faculty, to develop their interest in teaching and enrich their teaching capability and competence. Research ethics need to be strictly followed from admissions to submissions in the name of truth and scientific integrity, fairness, social responsibility, and validation of data. So, a culture of research has to be developed.

Strategic planning needs to be developed that can work on academic freedom and flexibility. Centralised planning for quality research has to be given priority as it is limited in India. Industry-partnership building for collaboration and research should be a must because this approach is well known and very successful in Australia and other countries. Strong research infrastructure through international journals, magazines, computing and networking infrastructure, and international collaboration through a Memorandum of understanding (MOU) is also desirable. An E-Research Unit can be introduced like Australia, and Support for Intellectual Property (IP) Management and its commercialisation for filing patents and protecting them should be reinforced. Classic research is not re-visiting or replicating, we have only an exemplar or paradigm of research. Therefore, replication of these classic research is possible when there will be revisiting of those extensively — from a set of examples to an extensive set up of replication of studies, which would help verify replicability criteria of the scientific method that is missing.

The very concept of category by Aristotle and other philosophers now needs to be redefined because it requires certain qualifications and justifications. Because we see that deciding a category does not adhere now. Therefore, researchers are being trapped or following the existing categories available in the literature, which has a gap, yet it has been accepted by many scholars. Today we must develop not only 'helping tools' but also more ‘knowledge tools’ because every social science subject should have their own knowledge tools used in research. Whatever we have now, is old, and indigenous and empirical knowledge tools need to be developed more. A single window system from a research governance perspective, like the passport seva, needs to be developed for a smooth procedural facet of research in India. More academic writing in research must be done and teaching jobs and promotions in teaching should be done based on quality research now.

Finally, impact on society through PhD research has to be ensured, and a rewards system should be introduced for faculty and scholars encouraging them towards quality research, both at national and international levels. Only then can we achieve a level of quality in our research in India, which then would be able to compete at an international level.

(Prof. Sanjoy Roy, Department of Social Work, University of Delhi) READ | IIT Roorkee enrolls female candidates under SAKUNTALA Fellowship for full time PhD programme Published By: Namrata Agarwal Published On: Jun 2, 2022 --- ENDS ---

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Indian PhD enrolment up 60 per cent in five years

Nationwide survey shows overall gains in capacity, enrolment and gender balance.

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Enrolment on PhDs has increased by 60 per cent in India over the past five years, according to new data.

Education minister Ramesh Pokhriyal Nishank called the rise, reported in the All India Survey on Higher Education, “heartening”. India plans to greatly boost innovation with a 500 billion rupee (£5 billion)  National Research Foundation  announced this year.

The survey, released this month, showed growth across almost all key higher education metrics, in line with the goals of the 2020  National Education Policy (NEP) , which aims to double the size of the higher education sector over two decades. 

The number of universities rose by 30.5 per cent from 2015-16 to 2019-20: today, the country counts 1,043 universities, 42,343 colleges and 11,779 stand-alone higher education institutions.  Among those, the number of “institutions of national importance” increased from 75 to 135.  

The number of higher education students grew 12.6 per cent, or from 34.2 million in 2014-15 to 38.5 million in 2019-20. One goal of the NEP is to bring the current GER of 27 per cent to 50 per cent by 2035.

The number of women heading into higher education grew by 18.2 per cent over five years and, for the second straight year, female enrolment (27.3 per cent) was proportionately higher in 2019-20 than male enrolment (26.6 per cent).

However, the total number of male students still exceeds female students because of a gender imbalance in the country’s birth rates. Male students still dominate at the elite institutions of national importance.

Amit Khare, India’s secretary of higher education, said that “the continuous rise in enrolment, the number of institutions and gender parity is part of our country’s major move towards improving access, equity and quality in light of NEP 2020”.

In terms of specific fields of study, medical sciences saw the largest growth (51.1 per cent), followed by science (13.5 per cent), commerce (8.5 per cent) and IT (4.2 per cent). The arts, humanities and social sciences held steady, while interest in more traditional engineering fields dropped.

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• Study Abroad

PhD After BTech or BE

Updated on 08 november, 2023.

Sr. Content editor

Yes, it is possible to do a PhD after B. Tech or B.E. programs. Pursuing a direct PhD after B.Tech means embarking on a clear educational, research, or professional goal. Doctoral degrees help aspirants venture into advanced research and study after their foundational B.Tech or B.E. courses. Applications are possible via an integrated PhD after B. Tech or a combined program. Here is a guide covering the eligibility, documentation, and application process in detail.

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Many universities across the world offer PhD admission after BTech completion. The given universities are ranked in the top rankings on the basis of their quality of education ,   infrastructure, research opportunities, and others. Given below is the list of universities offering PhD after BTech programs for international students:

Table of Contents

Routes of applying for phd after btech.

• How to Apply for a PhD Program after B.Tech or B.E.?

Eligibility for a PhD program after B.Tech. or B.E.

Documents required for a phd program after b. tech or b.e, frequently asked questions.

If you want to pursue PhD courses after BTech, you can follow two options: to apply directly for admission or via a recommendation by academic faculties. Although the former process has been discussed below in this section, the latter involves directly reaching out to your faculty members of the university department. Typically considered as an informal path, the method of direct recommendation can lead to an admission offer if the research interests align, the professor is impressed by your projects and is willing to recommend the candidate to the admissions department of a university. Many professors at elite institutions invite candidates through this method.

How to Apply for a PhD Program after B.Tech or B.E.? 

Can we do PhD after B. Tech or B.E. programs? Many institutions offer integrated MS and PhD courses with extensive research-based curricula. They have tenures of three to six years on average. Some courses have tenures going up to even ten years as well. These programs also integrate professional exposure via projects, fellowships, and research assistantships. The first step in the application process is to explore different PhD programs and find your niche or topic that interests you and aligns with your B.Tech degree. 

Those looking to apply to colleges offering PhD after B.Tech can choose direct recommendations from faculty members or adopt the conventional application route. The latter method involves approaching the supervisor directly through the mail via an application for recommendations. Follow up with the supervisors to know the status of your application. These may lead to offers of admission for PhD programs. However, the research field must be in sync with the program while the professor should be impressed by the candidate’s academic background and projects. 

Getting into universities offering PhD after B.Tech requires prior specialization and coursework in disciplines like mathematics , natural sciences , physical sciences, and varied branches of engineering . Candidates should possess industry or professional experience along with a record of extra-curricular activities and research projects. 

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Most universities require solid academic credentials in the study area. Candidates are expected to be proficient in engineering principles, mathematical subjects such as calculus and algebra, and proficiency in software and analytical/statistical tools. They should have good undergraduate scores, projects, assistantships, and relevant experience. Some other requirements include the following: 

• Good GMAT / GRE scores.
• Scores in English language proficiency tests like TOEFL or IELTS . 
• SOP (Statement of Purpose) and LORs (Letters of Recommendation) . 
• Many institutions require a research proposal from the candidate, outlining his/her research interests, specific areas of study, and so on. 
• Candidates may also get admission into PhD programs with double/triple majors in relevant academic/research fields. 

Candidates should attach the following documents with their applications (varies across institutions) in most cases: 

• Well Written Academic transcripts
• Score sheets of GRE /GMAT and IELTS /TOEFL 
• Proof of Funds (if required by the institution) 
• Research Proposal (if required)

Good academic credentials can help students get direct admission into Ph.D. programs after completing their B. Tech or B.E. degrees. They can also directly reach out to professors at university departments for recommendations, as mentioned. At the same time, they can pursue integrated/combined courses that help them complete their doctoral degrees over an extended time period. Subject selection plays a vital role in admissions. 

Simultaneously, a track record of published papers, research projects, and other relevant experience is always recommended. A good statement of purpose also helps immensely in this regard. 

Can I do a PhD directly after B.Tech?

Yes, it is possible to directly do a PhD after a B. Tech course. The first way out is to apply for an integrated or combined course that fuses both the master’s and PhD programs. The second way is to look for direct recommendations from professors and departments to pursue PhD programs at leading institutions. In India, for instance, PhDs can be done directly after B. Tech without requiring a Master’s degree.

Can we directly do PhD after B.E.?

Yes, a PhD course can be directly done after B.E. or B. Tech. You can look for direct PhD programs in this regard. You can apply for an integrated/combined course at some institutions, while others may allow direct admissions without a master’s degree. You can also get recommendations from professors, provided there is a convergence of research interests.

Is Gate compulsory for PhD?

No, Gate scores are not compulsory for admissions into PhD programs. Some colleges offer PhD admissions directly to B. Tech graduates with required academic and research credentials. Others offer combined or integrated MS and PhD courses. Gate scores are mandated only by a few institutions.

How many years does it take to do a PhD in India?

PhD courses require at least three years in India. This includes coursework and other related activities. The maximum duration for a PhD in India is six years. M. Phil courses require a year or two semesters in succession at least. The maximum duration is two years or four semesters in succession.

Neha Uppal is a passionate content creator and editor. She carries 7.5+ years of experience working with leading edutech companies where she worked as a Faculty, Community Manager, and Content Marketeer. At upGrad, she is helping out people keep informed about the scopes and opportunities of studying abroad via informational articles/blogs.

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PhD how many years in India

Once you decide doing your phd, the first thing that comes up in your mind is ” phd how many years in India” This is the only thought that may run again and again. It takes 3 years to finish phd in India . It may extend some more time depending upon many other factors such as – delaying your research or writing thesis late or for any negative report from the part of your PhD guide. These hurdles may delay the process of finishing your PhD in India. But over all it also depends upon whether have you opted for full-time PhD or part-time phd.

I always wonder why phd students in India do late phd. Many time it may not be completed in the scheduled time period. The reason is that in India there is so much politics going on with universities and phd guides. These guides are behave sadistically and leads the phd student to quit phd before even completing 1 year. Many Indian phd students suffer bullying from phd guides. In such cases phd’s may delay a lot.

If you want to complete doing phd fast, you must think of influencing your phd guide in India. You must be very submissive and hold your impression. Otherwise things will go very wrong with Indian phd students. It does not matter how intellectual are you in studies, it may not be very important in India. PhD means being submissive with your phd guide. This way you are ready to reduce the years of phd length.

There are also so many problems in Indian universities. It all must happen with impression. A phd student is asked to work like a slave in India under many professors in the university. My suggestion is not to do full time phd with Indian universities. Also do not choose old phd guides. Choose young phd guides for better finishing of your phd in India and in a very lesser time.

When you take part time phd, be sure to do research work in your full time job. This is very much neglected by many phd scholars in India. So part time also delays this way. It all starts with you. The way you do phd must be in such a way you are very much in tune with the time usage. You must never waste time in any way. Try to use your time to research on your topic. So that you can win phd in very lesser years.

Conclusion: Before thinking how many years phd in India, think about how fast can you complete. How good you must be in choosing right phd guide and how clever you should be when choosing university. How much good you must be in using time. Besides part time or full time phd, you must be very much careful in choosing things around. This way you can finish phd in 3 years.

You can also finish in 2 and half years if you exceptionally good as per ugc norms. But not lesser that this. Usually the minimum requirement to submit thesis in India as per Ugc norms is 3 years.